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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Malcolm_(disambiguation)
David Malcolm (disambiguation)
["1 See also"]
David Malcolm (1938–2014) was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia 1988–2006 David Malcolm may also refer to: Sir David Peter Michael Malcolm, 11th Baronet (1919–1995) of the Malcolm Baronets Sheriff Dave Malcolm (died 1946), victim of George Sitts See also All pages with titles containing David Malcolm Topics referred to by the same termThis disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIBA_Europe_Under-20_Championship
2018 FIBA U20 European Championship
["1 Participating teams","2 Venues","3 First round","3.1 Group A","3.2 Group B","3.3 Group C","3.4 Group D","4 Final round","4.1 Bracket","4.2 Round of 16","4.3 Quarterfinals","4.4 Semifinals","4.5 Third place match","4.6 Final","4.7 5th–8th place classification","4.8 9th–16th place classification","5 Final standings","6 Awards","6.1 Most Valuable Player","6.2 All-Tournament Team","7 See also","8 References","9 External links"]
21st edition of the FIBA U20 European Championship International basketball competition 2018 FIBA U20 European ChampionshipTournament detailsHost countryGermanyCityChemnitzDates14–22 JulyTeams16Venue(s)2 (in 1 host city)Final positionsChampions Israel (1st title)Runners-up CroatiaThird place GermanyFourth place FranceTournament statisticsGames played56MVP Yovel ZoosmanTop scorer Elijah Clarance(22.4 points per game)Official websitewww.fiba.basketball← 2017 2019 → The 2018 FIBA U20 European Championship was the 21st edition of the FIBA U20 European Championship. The competition took place in Chemnitz, Germany from 14 to 22 July 2018. Israel U20 became the European champions for the first time. Participating teams  Croatia (Runners-up, 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B)  France  Germany  Great Britain (3rd place, 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B)  Greece  Iceland  Israel  Italy  Lithuania  Montenegro  Romania (Winners, 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B)  Serbia  Spain  Sweden  Turkey  Ukraine Venues Chemnitz Chemnitz Messe Chemnitz Richard-Hartmann-Halle Capacity: 4,000 Capacity: 2,900 First round In this round, the 16 teams are allocated in four groups of four teams each. All teams will advance to the Second Round of 16. All times are local (UTC+2). Group A Pos Team Pld W L PF PA PD Pts 1  Lithuania 3 3 0 273 222 +51 6 2  Turkey 3 2 1 231 216 +15 5 3  Montenegro 3 1 2 222 253 −31 4 4  Great Britain 3 0 3 206 241 −35 3 Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored. 14 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Great Britain  62–76  Turkey Scoring by quarter: 14–21, 13–24, 10–17, 25–14 Pts: Wheatle 16Rebs: Boachie-Yiadom 9Asts: Watson-Gayle 5 Pts: Mustafa 20Rebs: three players 6Asts: Al 5 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 14 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Lithuania  94–82  Montenegro Scoring by quarter: 25–9, 25–25, 16–30, 17–5 Pts: Masiulis 21Rebs: Masiulis 15Asts: Slavinskas, Velička 5 Pts: M. Popović 27Rebs: Simonović 17Asts: M. Popović, V. Popović 4 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Montenegro  80–70  Great Britain Scoring by quarter: 26–11, 20–18, 18–21, 16–20 Pts: M. Popović 29Rebs: M. Popović 17Asts: Starovlah 5 Pts: Wheatle 26Rebs: Wheatle 14Asts: Watson-Gayle 5 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Turkey  66–94  Lithuania Scoring by quarter: 22–34, 19–16, 13–23, 12–21 Pts: Atar 17Rebs: Mustafa 6Asts: Al 5 Pts: Stankevičius 17Rebs: Tubutis 7Asts: three players 4 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Montenegro  60–89  Turkey Scoring by quarter: 20–26, 12–21, 9–22, 19–20 Pts: M. Popović, V. Popović 10Rebs: Božović 9Asts: Raspopović 3 Pts: Mustafa 15Rebs: Doğan 7Asts: Al 8 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Great Britain  74–85  Lithuania Scoring by quarter: 22–29, 16–20, 15–19, 21–17 Pts: Eytle-Rock, Wheatle 14Rebs: Boachie-Yiadom 10Asts: Russell 3 Pts: Masiulis 22Rebs: Kozys 7Asts: Velička 4 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz Group B Pos Team Pld W L PF PA PD Pts 1  Croatia 3 3 0 246 206 +40 6 2  France 3 1 2 198 207 −9 4 3  Ukraine 3 1 2 223 238 −15 4 4  Spain 3 1 2 225 241 −16 4 Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.Notes: ^ a b c France 1–1, +1 PD; Ukraine 1–1, 0 PD; Spain 1–1, –1 PD 14 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Ukraine  82–79  Spain Scoring by quarter: 25–25, 17–18, 20–20, 20–16 Pts: Niemtsu, Tyrtyshnyk 17Rebs: Tyrtyshnyk 6Asts: Horobchenko 5 Pts: Font 28Rebs: Ehigiator, Vila 7Asts: Figueras 9 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 14 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore France  58–68  Croatia Scoring by quarter: 21–21, 11–14, 6–17, 20–16 Pts: Tchouaffé 14Rebs: Rambaut 6Asts: Goudou-Sinha 4 Pts: Čolak 14Rebs: Kalajžić, Ljubičić 6Asts: Kalajžić 5 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Spain  76–74  France Scoring by quarter: 20–19, 17–17, 19–20, 20–18 Pts: Font 28Rebs: Ehigiator 9Asts: Figueras 7 Pts: Diawara, Tchouaffé 14Rebs: Bazille, Vautier 7Asts: three players 2 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Croatia  93–78  Ukraine Scoring by quarter: 20–15, 24–26, 30–14, 19–23 Pts: Perković, Nakić 18Rebs: Nakić 7Asts: Uljarević 10 Pts: Tyrtyshnyk 23Rebs: three players 4Asts: Horobchenko 10 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Ukraine  63–66  France Scoring by quarter: 12–17, 18–18, 17–12, 16–19 Pts: Voinalovych 23Rebs: Tyrtyshnyk 7Asts: Niemtsu 4 Pts: Vautier 15Rebs: Vautier 13Asts: N'Doye 6 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Croatia  85–70  Spain Scoring by quarter: 15–15, 23–22, 23–18, 24–15 Pts: Perković 21Rebs: Kalajžić 6Asts: Uljarević, Vrgoč 2 Pts: Puerto 14Rebs: Tomaic 6Asts: Figueras 7 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz Group C Pos Team Pld W L PF PA PD Pts 1  Germany (H) 3 3 0 228 205 +23 6 2  Israel 3 2 1 260 192 +68 5 3  Greece 3 1 2 252 250 +2 4 4  Romania 3 0 3 180 273 −93 3 Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.(H) Hosts 14 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Romania  62–92  Greece Scoring by quarter: 7–15, 17–25, 22–29, 16–23 Pts: Berculescu-Rovinaru 19Rebs: Fometescu 6Asts: Diculescu 5 Pts: Moraitis 16Rebs: four players 5Asts: Lountzis, Moraitis 4 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 14 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Germany  60–59  Israel Scoring by quarter: 15–16, 14–14, 15–9, 16–20 Pts: Stanić 12Rebs: Freudenberg 9Asts: three players 2 Pts: Brisker 13Rebs: Moshkovitz 10Asts: Brisker, Zoosman 3 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Israel  95–48  Romania Scoring by quarter: 23–11, 26–15, 23–14, 23–8 Pts: Brisker 15Rebs: Avdija 10Asts: Shabat, Zoosman 4 Pts: Berceanu 10Rebs: Diculescu 8Asts: Mureșan 3 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Greece  76–82  Germany Scoring by quarter: 10–14, 27–20, 14–24, 25–24 Pts: Kalaitzakis 21Rebs: Lountzis 7Asts: Kalaitzakis 3 Pts: Mushidi 15Rebs: Olinde 9Asts: Hundt 6 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Israel  106–84  Greece Scoring by quarter: 29–13, 34–17, 20–27, 23–27 Pts: Avdija 20Rebs: Avdija 7Asts: three players 4 Pts: Kalaitzakis 19Rebs: Lountzis 6Asts: Lountzis, Moraitis 4 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Romania  70–86  Germany Scoring by quarter: 22–19, 14–20, 28–25, 6–22 Pts: Berculescu-Rovinaru 19Rebs: Diculescu 11Asts: Diculescu 7 Pts: Stanić 13Rebs: Olinde 6Asts: Haßfurther 5 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz Group D Pos Team Pld W L PF PA PD Pts 1  Serbia 3 3 0 274 205 +69 6 2  Italy 3 2 1 244 206 +38 5 3  Sweden 3 1 2 229 237 −8 4 4  Iceland 3 0 3 180 279 −99 3 Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored. 14 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Italy  85–71  Sweden Scoring by quarter: 28–19, 18–18, 17–12, 22–22 Pts: Lever 27Rebs: Oxilia 11Asts: Pajola 5 Pts: Clarance 17Rebs: three players 7Asts: Clarance 5 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 14 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Iceland  60–107  Serbia Scoring by quarter: 22–23, 16–24, 12–22, 10–38 Pts: Gudmundsson 18Rebs: three players 5Asts: Þorbjarnarson 5 Pts: Marjanović 15Rebs: Glišić 9Asts: Vulikić, Tadić 3 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Sweden  91–64  Iceland Scoring by quarter: 23–25, 24–12, 21–13, 23–14 Pts: Clarance 22Rebs: Johansson 7Asts: Clarance, Dibba 5 Pts: Gudmundsson 16Rebs: Halldórsson 7Asts: Þorbjarnarson 5 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 15 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Serbia  79–78  Italy Scoring by quarter: 22–18, 15–22, 22–18, 20–20 Pts: Glišić 16Rebs: Simanić 7Asts: Aranitović 4 Pts: Moretti 29Rebs: Lever 7Asts: Pajola 5 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Iceland  56–81  Italy Scoring by quarter: 11–19, 17–23, 7–22, 21–17 Pts: Sverrisson 11Rebs: Jónsson 6Asts: three players 3 Pts: Mezzanotte 14Rebs: Caruso, Lever 6Asts: Bucarelli 7 Messe Chemnitz, Chemnitz 16 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Sweden  67–88  Serbia Scoring by quarter: 26–22, 16–21, 10–27, 15–18 Pts: Clarance 27Rebs: Hook 5Asts: Clarance 2 Pts: Musić, Simanić 16Rebs: Glišić 10Asts: Musić 9 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz Final round Bracket  Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal                18 July   Lithuania70 19 July  Spain75   Spain75 18 July  Israel98   Israel72 21 July  Sweden63   Israel83 18 July  France57   France70 19 July  Montenegro37   France60 18 July  Serbia59   Serbia105 22 July  Romania58   Israel80 18 July  Croatia66   Turkey104 19 July  Ukraine46   Turkey61 18 July  Germany78   Germany77 21 July  Iceland63   Germany61 18 July  Croatia69 Third place  Croatia93 19 July22 July  Great Britain62   Croatia79 France71 18 July  Italy68  Germany80   Italy76   Greece70   Round of 16 18 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Croatia  93–62  Great Britain Scoring by quarter: 24–9, 26–18, 23–19, 20–16 Pts: Kalajžić, Perković 15Rebs: Ljubičić 6Asts: Uljarević 9 Pts: Fuller, Wheatle 11Rebs: three players 6Asts: Watson-Gayle 3 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Hugues Thépénier (FRA), Petar Denkovski (MKD), Alexey Davydov (RUS) 18 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Lithuania  70–75  Spain Scoring by quarter: 21–15, 8–11, 19–18, 22–31 Pts: Masiulis 19Rebs: Masiulis, Velička 5Asts: Velička 4 Pts: Font 23Rebs: Parra 8Asts: Figueras 6 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Martin Horozov (BUL), Martin Vulić (CRO), Osman Sinan İşgüder (TUR) 18 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Italy  76–70  Greece Scoring by quarter: 21–16, 20–17, 13–17, 22–20 Pts: Oxilia 16Rebs: Oxilia 14Asts: Bucarelli 5 Pts: Lountzis 14Rebs: Christidis 8Asts: Moraitis 5 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Martins Kozlovskis (LAT), Chris Dodds (GBR), Nemanja Ninkovic (SRB) 18 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Israel  72–63  Sweden Scoring by quarter: 23–13, 16–17, 11–14, 22–19 Pts: Avdija 22Rebs: Moshkovitz 11Asts: Moshkovitz 3 Pts: Clarance, Czerapowicz 16Rebs: Clarance 8Asts: Johansson 3 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Zdravko Rutesic (MTN), Marius Ciulin (ROM), Valerio Grigioni (ITA) 18 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Turkey  104–46  Ukraine Scoring by quarter: 26–12, 30–9, 23–10, 25–15 Pts: Karahan 15Rebs: Onar 10Asts: Al 7 Pts: Bondarenko 7Rebs: Grytsak 6Asts: Tyrtyshnyk, Yagodin 3 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Georgios Poursanidis (GRE), Sigmundur Herbertsson (ISL), Haris Bijedic (BOS) 18 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore France  70–37  Montenegro Scoring by quarter: 13–11, 14–7, 22–5, 21–14 Pts: Tchouaffé 15Rebs: Vautier 9Asts: Diawara, Goudou-Sinha 4 Pts: M. Popović 11Rebs: M. Popović 15Asts: V. Popović, Starovlah 2 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Carsten Straube (GER), Francisco Araña (ESP), Rickard Eriksson (SWE) 18 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Germany  77–63  Iceland Scoring by quarter: 29–5, 15–20, 19–10, 14–28 Pts: Mushidi 18Rebs: Lagerpusch 10Asts: Hundt 4 Pts: Hrafnsson 17Rebs: Stefansson 9Asts: Gudmundsson 8 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Manuel Mazzoni (ITA), Anastasios Piloidis (GRE), Alakbar Hasanov (AZR) 18 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Serbia  105–58  Romania Scoring by quarter: 28–17, 27–8, 31–17, 19–16 Pts: Aranitović 18Rebs: Đorđević 9Asts: Musić, Tadić 5 Pts: Berculescu-Rovinaru 11Rebs: Petrescu 9Asts: Mureșan 7 Richard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Gintaras Vitkauskas (LTU), Sergiy Zashchuk (UKR), Kfir Mualem (ISR) Quarterfinals 19 July 2018 13:30 Boxscore Spain  75–98  Israel Scoring by quarter: 25–27, 12–24, 20–17, 18–30 Pts: Parra 24Rebs: Parra 15Asts: Figueras 8 Pts: Zoosman 25Rebs: Beni 10Asts: Zoosman 5 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Georgios Poursanidis (GRE), Carsten Straube (GER), Rickard Eriksson (SWE) 19 July 2018 15:45 Boxscore Croatia  79–68  Italy Scoring by quarter: 23–13, 18–28, 15–17, 23–10 Pts: Perković 14Rebs: Ljubičić 9Asts: Uljarević 7 Pts: Oxilia 14Rebs: Oxilia 8Asts: Bucarelli 5 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Martin Horozov (BUL), Zdravko Rutesic (MTN), Sigmundur Herbertsson (ISL) 19 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore France  60–59  Serbia Scoring by quarter: 21–9, 16–19, 10–20, 13–11 Pts: Fevrier 20Rebs: Fevrier 8Asts: Desseignet 4 Pts: Radanov 20Rebs: Glišić 10Asts: Musić 7 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Osman Sinan İşgüder (TUR), Marius Ciulin (ROU), Alakbar Hasanov (AZE) 19 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Turkey  61–78  Germany Scoring by quarter: 13–14, 9–27, 19–20, 20–17 Pts: Atar 16Rebs: Atar 9Asts: Al 3 Pts: Mushidi 22Rebs: Stanić 10Asts: Mushidi 5 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Mārtiņš Kozlovskis (LAT), Gintaras Vitkauskas (LTU), Hugues Thépénier (FRA) Semifinals 21 July 2018 18:00 Boxscore Israel  83–57  France Scoring by quarter: 25–13, 20–12, 21–11, 17–21 Pts: Brisker 18Rebs: Avdija 7Asts: Brisker 4 Pts: Goudou-Sinha 14Rebs: Diawara 6Asts: Diawara 5 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Martin Horozov (BUL), Zdravko Rutesic (MNE), Gintaras Vitkauskas (LTU) 21 July 2018 20:15 Boxscore Germany  61–69  Croatia Scoring by quarter: 18–19, 13–13, 16–18, 14–19 Pts: Hassfurther 15Rebs: Stanić 8Asts: Hassfurther, Zylka 3 Pts: Kalajžić, Ljubičić 18Rebs: Kalajžić 11Asts: Uljarević 7 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Manuel Mazzoni (ITA), Francisco Araña (ESP), Osman Sinan İşgüder (TUR) Third place match 22 July 2018 16:45 Boxscore France  71–80  Germany Scoring by quarter: 26–24, 18–18, 15–17, 12–21 Pts: Diawara 19Rebs: Diawara 9Asts: Goudou-Sinha 6 Pts: Stanić 22Rebs: Freudenberg, Stanić 7Asts: Hundt 4 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Anastasios Piloidis (GRE), Marius Ciulin (ROM), Martin Vulić (CRO) Final 22 July 2018 19:00 Boxscore Israel  80–66  Croatia Scoring by quarter: 20–16, 25–18, 15–16, 20–16 Pts: Brisker 19Rebs: Ruina 14Asts: Zoosman 4 Pts: Kalajžić 18Rebs: Kalajžić 7Asts: Uljarević 4 Messe Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Carsten Straube (GER), Georgios Poursanidis (GRE), Mārtiņš Kozlovskis (LAT) 5th–8th place classification  5th–8th place semifinals5th place match        21 July   Spain70 22 July  Serbia89   Serbia73 21 July  Turkey89   Turkey91   Italy80  7th place match  22 July   Spain85   Italy60 9th–16th place classification  9th–16th place quarterfinals9th–12th place semifinals9th place match            19 July   Lithuania90 21 July  Sweden85   Lithuania76 19 July  Montenegro58   Montenegro98 22 July  Romania61   Lithuania76 19 July  Great Britain62   Ukraine94 21 July  Iceland72   Ukraine66 19 July  Great Britain82 11th place match  Great Britain77 22 July  Greece64   Montenegro98   Ukraine79    13th–16th place semifinals13th place match        21 July   Sweden80 22 July  Romania72   Sweden64 21 July  Greece77   Iceland86   Greece104  15th place match  22 July   Romania84   Iceland103 Final standings Rank Team Record  Israel 6–1  Croatia 6–1  Germany 6–1 4  France 3–4 5  Turkey 5–2 6  Serbia 5–2 7  Spain 3–4 8  Italy 3–4 9  Lithuania 6–1 10  Great Britain 2–5 11  Montenegro 3–4 12  Ukraine 2–5 13  Greece 3–4 14  Sweden 2–5 15  Iceland 1–6 16  Romania 0–7 Relegated to the 2019 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B Awards Most Valuable Player Most Valuable Player Yovel Zoosman All-Tournament Team Mate Kalajžić Kostja Mushidi Yovel Zoosman Deni Avdija Filip Stanić See also 2018 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B References ^ 2018 FIBA U20 European Championship Division A official website ^ "FIBA Europe Board confirms hosts for 2018 national team events". FIBA.basketball. ^ "Competition system" (PDF). FIBA. ^ "Groups of the FIBA U20 European Championship 2018". FIBA.basketball. External links FIBA official website vteFIBA U20 EuroBasketDivision A Greece 1992 Slovenia 1994 Turkey 1996 Italy 1998 Macedonia 2000 Lithuania 2002 Czech Republic 2004 Russia 2005 Turkey 2006 Italy/Slovenia 2007 Latvia 2008 Greece 2009 Croatia 2010 Spain 2011 Slovenia 2012 Estonia 2013 Greece 2014 Italy 2015 Finland 2016 Greece 2017 Germany 2018 Israel 2019 Lithuania 2020 Montenegro 2021 2021 Challengers Montenegro 2022 Greece 2023 Poland 2024 Qualifications 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 since 2005: not held Division B Bulgaria 2005 Portugal 2006 Poland 2007 Romania 2008 Macedonia 2009 Austria 2010 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011 Bulgaria 2012 Romania 2013 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2014 Hungary 2015 Greece 2016 Romania 2017 Bulgaria 2018 Portugal 2019 Georgia 2020 Georgia 2021 2021 Challengers Georgia 2022 North Macedonia 2023 Romania 2024 vteInternational men's youth basketball FIBA Youth Olympics World Ranking U-17 World Cup U-19 World Cup U-21 World Cup (defunct) U-16 TBF International U-18 DBB International Africa U-16 U-18 U-20 (defunct) Americas U-16 U-18 U-20 (defunct) Asia U-16 U-18 U-20 (defunct) Europe U-16 U-18 U-20 (defunct) Oceania U-15 U-17 U-20 (defunct) Note: Under-20/21 tourneys except FIBA Europe's are no longer held.
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FIBA U20 European Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA_U20_European_Championship"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Israel U20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"}],"text":"International basketball competitionThe 2018 FIBA U20 European Championship was the 21st edition of the FIBA U20 European Championship. The competition took place in Chemnitz, Germany from 14 to 22 July 2018.[1][2] Israel U20 became the European champions for the first time.","title":"2018 FIBA U20 European Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_FIBA_U20_European_Championship_Division_B"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_FIBA_U20_European_Championship_Division_B"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Montenegro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_FIBA_U20_European_Championship_Division_B"},{"link_name":"Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"}],"text":"Croatia (Runners-up, 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B)\n France\n Germany\n Great Britain (3rd place, 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B)\n Greece\n Iceland\n Israel\n Italy\n Lithuania\n Montenegro\n Romania (Winners, 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B)\n Serbia\n Spain\n Sweden\n Turkey\n Ukraine","title":"Participating teams"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Venues"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"UTC+2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time"}],"text":"In this round, the 16 teams are allocated in four groups of four teams each. All teams will advance to the Second Round of 16.[3][4]All times are local (UTC+2).","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FIBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/groups#tab=round_1"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/Great-Britain-Turkey"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Wheatle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wheatle"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Boachie-Yiadom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Boachie-Yiadom&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Watson-Gayle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jelani_Watson-Gayle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mustafa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhaymin_Mustafa"},{"link_name":"Al","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Utku_Al&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/Lithuania-Montenegro"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Montenegro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Masiulis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gytis_Masiulis"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Masiulis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gytis_Masiulis"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Slavinskas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEiugas_Slavinskas"},{"link_name":"Velička","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnas_Veli%C4%8Dka"},{"link_name":"M. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Popovi%C4%87_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Simonović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko_Simonovi%C4%87_(basketball,_born_1999)"},{"link_name":"M. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Popovi%C4%87_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"V. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vuk_Popovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Montenegro-Great-Britain"},{"link_name":"Montenegro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"M. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Popovi%C4%87_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"M. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Popovi%C4%87_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Starovlah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mili%C4%87_Starovlah"},{"link_name":"Wheatle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wheatle"},{"link_name":"Wheatle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wheatle"},{"link_name":"Watson-Gayle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jelani_Watson-Gayle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Turkey-Lithuania"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Atar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ragip_Berke_Atar&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Mustafa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhaymin_Mustafa"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Al","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Utku_Al&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Stankevičius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eimantas_Stankevi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tubutis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einaras_Tubutis"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Montenegro-Turkey"},{"link_name":"Montenegro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"M. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Popovi%C4%87_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"V. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vuk_Popovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Božović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bogosav_Bo%C5%BEovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Raspopović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radule_Raspopovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mustafa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhaymin_Mustafa"},{"link_name":"Doğan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6rkem_Do%C4%9Fan"},{"link_name":"Al","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Utku_Al&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Great-Britain-Lithuania"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Eytle-Rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RJ_Eytle-Rock&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wheatle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wheatle"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Boachie-Yiadom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Boachie-Yiadom&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Russell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sesan_Russell&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Masiulis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gytis_Masiulis"},{"link_name":"Kozys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitalijus_Kozys"},{"link_name":"Velička","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnas_Veli%C4%8Dka"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Group A","text":"Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.14 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nGreat Britain \n62–76\n Turkey\nScoring by quarter: 14–21, 13–24, 10–17, 25–14\nPts: Wheatle 16Rebs: Boachie-Yiadom 9Asts: Watson-Gayle 5\n\nPts: Mustafa 20Rebs: three players 6Asts: Al 5\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz14 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nLithuania \n94–82\n Montenegro\nScoring by quarter: 25–9, 25–25, 16–30, 17–5\nPts: Masiulis 21Rebs: Masiulis 15Asts: Slavinskas, Velička 5\n\nPts: M. Popović 27Rebs: Simonović 17Asts: M. Popović, V. Popović 4\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz15 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nMontenegro \n80–70\n Great Britain\nScoring by quarter: 26–11, 20–18, 18–21, 16–20\nPts: M. Popović 29Rebs: M. Popović 17Asts: Starovlah 5\n\nPts: Wheatle 26Rebs: Wheatle 14Asts: Watson-Gayle 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz15 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nTurkey \n66–94\n Lithuania\nScoring by quarter: 22–34, 19–16, 13–23, 12–21\nPts: Atar 17Rebs: Mustafa 6Asts: Al 5\n\nPts: Stankevičius 17Rebs: Tubutis 7Asts: three players 4\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz16 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nMontenegro \n60–89\n Turkey\nScoring by quarter: 20–26, 12–21, 9–22, 19–20\nPts: M. Popović, V. Popović 10Rebs: Božović 9Asts: Raspopović 3\n\nPts: Mustafa 15Rebs: Doğan 7Asts: Al 8\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz16 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nGreat Britain \n74–85\n Lithuania\nScoring by quarter: 22–29, 16–20, 15–19, 21–17\nPts: Eytle-Rock, Wheatle 14Rebs: Boachie-Yiadom 10Asts: Russell 3\n\nPts: Masiulis 22Rebs: Kozys 7Asts: Velička 4\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FIBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/groups#tab=round_1"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-table_hth_FRA0.74442502238994_5-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-table_hth_FRA0.74442502238994_5-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-table_hth_FRA0.74442502238994_5-2"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/Ukraine-Spain"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Niemtsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illia_Niemtsu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tyrtyshnyk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illya_Tyrtyshnyk&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Tyrtyshnyk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illya_Tyrtyshnyk&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Horobchenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mykhailo_Horobchenko&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Font","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleix_Font&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ehigiator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osas_Ehigiator&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Vila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Vila"},{"link_name":"Figueras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pol_Figueras&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/France-Croatia"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Tchouaffé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathiste_Tchouaff%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Rambaut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jules_Rambaut&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Goudou-Sinha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzo_Goudou-Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Čolak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mateo_%C4%8Colak&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ljubičić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_Ljubi%C4%8Di%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Spain-France"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Font","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleix_Font&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Ehigiator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osas_Ehigiator&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Figueras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pol_Figueras&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Diawara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digu%C3%A9_Diawara&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tchouaffé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathiste_Tchouaff%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Bazille","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timoth%C3%A9e_Bazille&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Vautier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bastien_Vautier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Croatia-Ukraine"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Perković","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Perkovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Uljarević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Uljarevi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Tyrtyshnyk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illya_Tyrtyshnyk&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Horobchenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mykhailo_Horobchenko&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Ukraine-France"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Voinalovych","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrii_Voinalovych&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Tyrtyshnyk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illya_Tyrtyshnyk&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Niemtsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illia_Niemtsu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Vautier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bastien_Vautier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Vautier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bastien_Vautier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"N'Doye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdoulaye_N%27Doye"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Croatia-Spain"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Perković","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Perkovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Uljarević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Uljarevi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Vrgoč","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Vrgo%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Puerto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josep_Puerto&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tomaic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Tomaic&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Figueras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pol_Figueras&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Group B","text":"Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.Notes:^ a b c France 1–1, +1 PD; Ukraine 1–1, 0 PD; Spain 1–1, –1 PD14 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nUkraine \n82–79\n Spain\nScoring by quarter: 25–25, 17–18, 20–20, 20–16\nPts: Niemtsu, Tyrtyshnyk 17Rebs: Tyrtyshnyk 6Asts: Horobchenko 5\n\nPts: Font 28Rebs: Ehigiator, Vila 7Asts: Figueras 9\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz14 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nFrance \n58–68\n Croatia\nScoring by quarter: 21–21, 11–14, 6–17, 20–16\nPts: Tchouaffé 14Rebs: Rambaut 6Asts: Goudou-Sinha 4\n\nPts: Čolak 14Rebs: Kalajžić, Ljubičić 6Asts: Kalajžić 5\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz15 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nSpain \n76–74\n France\nScoring by quarter: 20–19, 17–17, 19–20, 20–18\nPts: Font 28Rebs: Ehigiator 9Asts: Figueras 7\n\nPts: Diawara, Tchouaffé 14Rebs: Bazille, Vautier 7Asts: three players 2\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz15 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nCroatia \n93–78\n Ukraine\nScoring by quarter: 20–15, 24–26, 30–14, 19–23\nPts: Perković, Nakić 18Rebs: Nakić 7Asts: Uljarević 10\n\nPts: Tyrtyshnyk 23Rebs: three players 4Asts: Horobchenko 10\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz16 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nUkraine \n63–66\n France\nScoring by quarter: 12–17, 18–18, 17–12, 16–19\nPts: Voinalovych 23Rebs: Tyrtyshnyk 7Asts: Niemtsu 4\n\nPts: Vautier 15Rebs: Vautier 13Asts: N'Doye 6\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz16 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nCroatia \n85–70\n Spain\nScoring by quarter: 15–15, 23–22, 23–18, 24–15\nPts: Perković 21Rebs: Kalajžić 6Asts: Uljarević, Vrgoč 2\n\nPts: Puerto 14Rebs: Tomaic 6Asts: Figueras 7\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FIBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/groups#tab=round_1"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/Romania-Greece"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Berculescu-Rovinaru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camil_Berculescu-Rovinaru&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Fometescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tudor_Fometescu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Diculescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drago%C8%99_Diculescu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Moraitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrios_Moraitis"},{"link_name":"Lountzis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michalis_Lountzis"},{"link_name":"Moraitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrios_Moraitis"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/Germany-Israel"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Stanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Stani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Freudenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freudenberg"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Brisker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brisker"},{"link_name":"Moshkovitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Moshkovitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Brisker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brisker"},{"link_name":"Zoosman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yovel_Zoosman"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Israel-Romania"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Brisker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brisker"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Avdija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deni_Avdija"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Shabat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ido_Shabat&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zoosman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yovel_Zoosman"},{"link_name":"Berceanu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ionu%C8%9B_Berceanu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Diculescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drago%C8%99_Diculescu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mureșan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Mure%C8%99an_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Greece-Germany"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Kalaitzakis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Kalaitzakis"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Lountzis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michalis_Lountzis"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Kalaitzakis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Kalaitzakis"},{"link_name":"Mushidi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostja_Mushidi"},{"link_name":"Olinde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Olinde"},{"link_name":"Hundt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennet_Hundt"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Israel-Greece"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Avdija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deni_Avdija"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Avdija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deni_Avdija"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Kalaitzakis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagiotis_Kalaitzakis"},{"link_name":"Lountzis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michalis_Lountzis"},{"link_name":"Lountzis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michalis_Lountzis"},{"link_name":"Moraitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrios_Moraitis"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Romania-Germany"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Berculescu-Rovinaru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camil_Berculescu-Rovinaru&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Diculescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drago%C8%99_Diculescu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Diculescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drago%C8%99_Diculescu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Stanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Stani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Olinde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Olinde"},{"link_name":"Haßfurther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Ha%C3%9Ffurther"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Group C","text":"Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.(H) Hosts14 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nRomania \n62–92\n Greece\nScoring by quarter: 7–15, 17–25, 22–29, 16–23\nPts: Berculescu-Rovinaru 19Rebs: Fometescu 6Asts: Diculescu 5\n\nPts: Moraitis 16Rebs: four players 5Asts: Lountzis, Moraitis 4\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz14 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nGermany \n60–59\n Israel\nScoring by quarter: 15–16, 14–14, 15–9, 16–20\nPts: Stanić 12Rebs: Freudenberg 9Asts: three players 2\n\nPts: Brisker 13Rebs: Moshkovitz 10Asts: Brisker, Zoosman 3\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz15 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nIsrael \n95–48\n Romania\nScoring by quarter: 23–11, 26–15, 23–14, 23–8\nPts: Brisker 15Rebs: Avdija 10Asts: Shabat, Zoosman 4\n\nPts: Berceanu 10Rebs: Diculescu 8Asts: Mureșan 3\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz15 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nGreece \n76–82\n Germany\nScoring by quarter: 10–14, 27–20, 14–24, 25–24\nPts: Kalaitzakis 21Rebs: Lountzis 7Asts: Kalaitzakis 3\n\nPts: Mushidi 15Rebs: Olinde 9Asts: Hundt 6\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz16 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nIsrael \n106–84\n Greece\nScoring by quarter: 29–13, 34–17, 20–27, 23–27\nPts: Avdija 20Rebs: Avdija 7Asts: three players 4\n\nPts: Kalaitzakis 19Rebs: Lountzis 6Asts: Lountzis, Moraitis 4\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz16 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nRomania \n70–86\n Germany\nScoring by quarter: 22–19, 14–20, 28–25, 6–22\nPts: Berculescu-Rovinaru 19Rebs: Diculescu 11Asts: Diculescu 7\n\nPts: Stanić 13Rebs: Olinde 6Asts: Haßfurther 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FIBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/groups#tab=round_1"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/Italy-Sweden"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Lever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Lever"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Oxilia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Oxilia"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Pajola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Pajola"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1407/Iceland-Serbia"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Gudmundsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingvi_Gudmundsson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Þorbjarnarson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3rir_%C3%9Eorbjarnarson"},{"link_name":"Marjanović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_Marjanovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Glišić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Gli%C5%A1i%C4%87_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Vulikić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuk_Vuliki%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Tadić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadija_Tadi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Sweden-Iceland"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Johansson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Johansson_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Dibba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ebrima_Dibba&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Gudmundsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingvi_Gudmundsson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Halldórsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eyj%C3%B3lfur_Halld%C3%B3rsson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Þorbjarnarson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3rir_%C3%9Eorbjarnarson"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1507/Serbia-Italy"},{"link_name":"Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Glišić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Gli%C5%A1i%C4%87_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Simanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bori%C5%A1a_Simani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Aranitović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Aranitovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Moretti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davide_Moretti"},{"link_name":"Lever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Lever"},{"link_name":"Pajola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Pajola"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Iceland-Italy"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Sverrisson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3n_Arn%C3%B3r_Sverrisson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Jónsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bjarni_J%C3%B3nsson_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Mezzanotte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Mezzanotte&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Caruso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guglielmo_Caruso&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Lever"},{"link_name":"Bucarelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Bucarelli&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1607/Sweden-Serbia"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Hook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Hook&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Musić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novak_Musi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Simanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bori%C5%A1a_Simani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Glišić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Gli%C5%A1i%C4%87_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Musić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novak_Musi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Group D","text":"Source: FIBARules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.14 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nItaly \n85–71\n Sweden\nScoring by quarter: 28–19, 18–18, 17–12, 22–22\nPts: Lever 27Rebs: Oxilia 11Asts: Pajola 5\n\nPts: Clarance 17Rebs: three players 7Asts: Clarance 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz14 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nIceland \n60–107\n Serbia\nScoring by quarter: 22–23, 16–24, 12–22, 10–38\nPts: Gudmundsson 18Rebs: three players 5Asts: Þorbjarnarson 5\n\nPts: Marjanović 15Rebs: Glišić 9Asts: Vulikić, Tadić 3\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz15 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nSweden \n91–64\n Iceland\nScoring by quarter: 23–25, 24–12, 21–13, 23–14\nPts: Clarance 22Rebs: Johansson 7Asts: Clarance, Dibba 5\n\nPts: Gudmundsson 16Rebs: Halldórsson 7Asts: Þorbjarnarson 5\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz15 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nSerbia \n79–78\n Italy\nScoring by quarter: 22–18, 15–22, 22–18, 20–20\nPts: Glišić 16Rebs: Simanić 7Asts: Aranitović 4\n\nPts: Moretti 29Rebs: Lever 7Asts: Pajola 5\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz16 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nIceland \n56–81\n Italy\nScoring by quarter: 11–19, 17–23, 7–22, 21–17\nPts: Sverrisson 11Rebs: Jónsson 6Asts: three players 3\n\nPts: Mezzanotte 14Rebs: Caruso, Lever 6Asts: Bucarelli 7\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, Chemnitz16 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nSweden \n67–88\n Serbia\nScoring by quarter: 26–22, 16–21, 10–27, 15–18\nPts: Clarance 27Rebs: Hook 5Asts: Clarance 2\n\nPts: Musić, Simanić 16Rebs: Glišić 10Asts: Musić 9\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, Chemnitz","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Bracket","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/Croatia-Great-Britain"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Perković","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Perkovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Ljubičić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_Ljubi%C4%8Di%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Uljarević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Uljarevi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Fuller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caleb_Fuller&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wheatle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wheatle"},{"link_name":"Watson-Gayle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jelani_Watson-Gayle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/Lithuania-Spain"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Masiulis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gytis_Masiulis"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Masiulis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gytis_Masiulis"},{"link_name":"Velička","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnas_Veli%C4%8Dka"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Velička","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnas_Veli%C4%8Dka"},{"link_name":"Font","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleix_Font&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Parra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel_Parra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Figueras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pol_Figueras&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/Italy-Greece"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Oxilia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Oxilia"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Oxilia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Oxilia"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Bucarelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Bucarelli&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lountzis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Lountzis"},{"link_name":"Christidis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassilis_Christidis"},{"link_name":"Moraitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitris_Moraitis"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/Israel-Sweden"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Avdija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deni_Avdija"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Moshkovitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Moshkovitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Moshkovitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Moshkovitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Czerapowicz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Czerapowicz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Clarance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Clarance"},{"link_name":"Johansson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Johansson_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/Turkey-Ukraine"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Karahan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alp_Karahan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Onar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yesukan_Onar&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Al","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omer_Utku_Al&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bondarenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pavlo_Bondarenko&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Grytsak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andriy_Grytsak&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tyrtyshnyk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illya_Tyrtyshnyk&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Yagodin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mykhailo_Yagodin&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/France-Montenegro"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Montenegro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Tchouaffé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathiste_Tchouaff%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Vautier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bastien_Vautier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Diawara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digu%C3%A9_Diawara&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Goudou-Sinha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzo_Goudou-Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"M. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Popovi%C4%87_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"M. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Popovi%C4%87_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"V. Popović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vuk_Popovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Starovlah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mili%C4%87_Starovlah"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/Germany-Iceland"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Mushidi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostja_Mushidi"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Lagerpusch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lars_Lagerpusch&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Hundt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennet_Hundt"},{"link_name":"Hrafnsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%81rni_Hrafnsson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Stefansson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snj%C3%B3lfur_Stef%C3%A1nsson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Gudmundsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingvi_Gudmundsson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1807/Serbia-Romania"},{"link_name":"Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Aranitović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Aranitovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Đorđević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_%C4%90or%C4%91evi%C4%87_(basketball,_born_1998)"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Musić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novak_Musi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Tadić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadija_Tadi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Berculescu-Rovinaru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camil_Berculescu-Rovinaru&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Petrescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Petrescu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mureșan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Mure%C8%99an_(basketball)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Richard-Hartmann-Halle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard-Hartmann-Halle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Round of 16","text":"18 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nCroatia \n93–62\n Great Britain\nScoring by quarter: 24–9, 26–18, 23–19, 20–16\nPts: Kalajžić, Perković 15Rebs: Ljubičić 6Asts: Uljarević 9\n\nPts: Fuller, Wheatle 11Rebs: three players 6Asts: Watson-Gayle 3\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Hugues Thépénier (FRA), Petar Denkovski (MKD), Alexey Davydov (RUS)18 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nLithuania \n70–75\n Spain\nScoring by quarter: 21–15, 8–11, 19–18, 22–31\nPts: Masiulis 19Rebs: Masiulis, Velička 5Asts: Velička 4\n\nPts: Font 23Rebs: Parra 8Asts: Figueras 6\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Martin Horozov (BUL), Martin Vulić (CRO), Osman Sinan İşgüder (TUR)18 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nItaly \n76–70\n Greece\nScoring by quarter: 21–16, 20–17, 13–17, 22–20\nPts: Oxilia 16Rebs: Oxilia 14Asts: Bucarelli 5\n\nPts: Lountzis 14Rebs: Christidis 8Asts: Moraitis 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Martins Kozlovskis (LAT), Chris Dodds (GBR), Nemanja Ninkovic (SRB)18 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nIsrael \n72–63\n Sweden\nScoring by quarter: 23–13, 16–17, 11–14, 22–19\nPts: Avdija 22Rebs: Moshkovitz 11Asts: Moshkovitz 3\n\nPts: Clarance, Czerapowicz 16Rebs: Clarance 8Asts: Johansson 3\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Zdravko Rutesic (MTN), Marius Ciulin (ROM), Valerio Grigioni (ITA)18 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nTurkey \n104–46\n Ukraine\nScoring by quarter: 26–12, 30–9, 23–10, 25–15\nPts: Karahan 15Rebs: Onar 10Asts: Al 7\n\nPts: Bondarenko 7Rebs: Grytsak 6Asts: Tyrtyshnyk, Yagodin 3\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Georgios Poursanidis (GRE), Sigmundur Herbertsson (ISL), Haris Bijedic (BOS)18 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nFrance \n70–37\n Montenegro\nScoring by quarter: 13–11, 14–7, 22–5, 21–14\nPts: Tchouaffé 15Rebs: Vautier 9Asts: Diawara, Goudou-Sinha 4\n\nPts: M. Popović 11Rebs: M. Popović 15Asts: V. Popović, Starovlah 2\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Carsten Straube (GER), Francisco Araña (ESP), Rickard Eriksson (SWE)18 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nGermany \n77–63\n Iceland\nScoring by quarter: 29–5, 15–20, 19–10, 14–28\nPts: Mushidi 18Rebs: Lagerpusch 10Asts: Hundt 4\n\nPts: Hrafnsson 17Rebs: Stefansson 9Asts: Gudmundsson 8\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Manuel Mazzoni (ITA), Anastasios Piloidis (GRE), Alakbar Hasanov (AZR)18 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nSerbia \n105–58\n Romania\nScoring by quarter: 28–17, 27–8, 31–17, 19–16\nPts: Aranitović 18Rebs: Đorđević 9Asts: Musić, Tadić 5\n\nPts: Berculescu-Rovinaru 11Rebs: Petrescu 9Asts: Mureșan 7\n\n\n\nRichard-Hartmann-Halle, ChemnitzReferees: Gintaras Vitkauskas (LTU), Sergiy Zashchuk (UKR), Kfir Mualem (ISR)","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1907/Spain-Israel"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Parra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel_Parra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Parra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel_Parra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Figueras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pol_Figueras&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zoosman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yovel_Zoosman"},{"link_name":"Beni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gil_Aharon_Beni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zoosman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yovel_Zoosman"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1907/Croatia-Italy"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Perković","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Perkovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Ljubičić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_Ljubi%C4%8Di%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Uljarević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Uljarevi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Oxilia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Oxilia"},{"link_name":"Oxilia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Oxilia"},{"link_name":"Bucarelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Bucarelli&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1907/France-Serbia"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Fevrier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Fevrier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Fevrier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Fevrier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Desseignet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thibault_Desseignet"},{"link_name":"Radanov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksa_Radanov"},{"link_name":"Glišić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Gli%C5%A1i%C4%87_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Musić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novak_Musi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/1907/Turkey-Germany"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Atar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rag%C4%B1p_Berke_Atar&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Atar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rag%C4%B1p_Berke_Atar&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Al","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96mer_Utku_Al&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mushidi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostja_Mushidi"},{"link_name":"Stanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Stani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Mushidi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostja_Mushidi"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Quarterfinals","text":"19 July 2018 13:30\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nSpain \n75–98\n Israel\nScoring by quarter: 25–27, 12–24, 20–17, 18–30\nPts: Parra 24Rebs: Parra 15Asts: Figueras 8\n\nPts: Zoosman 25Rebs: Beni 10Asts: Zoosman 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Georgios Poursanidis (GRE), Carsten Straube (GER), Rickard Eriksson (SWE)19 July 2018 15:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nCroatia \n79–68\n Italy\nScoring by quarter: 23–13, 18–28, 15–17, 23–10\nPts: Perković 14Rebs: Ljubičić 9Asts: Uljarević 7\n\nPts: Oxilia 14Rebs: Oxilia 8Asts: Bucarelli 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Martin Horozov (BUL), Zdravko Rutesic (MTN), Sigmundur Herbertsson (ISL)19 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nFrance \n60–59\n Serbia\nScoring by quarter: 21–9, 16–19, 10–20, 13–11\nPts: Fevrier 20Rebs: Fevrier 8Asts: Desseignet 4\n\nPts: Radanov 20Rebs: Glišić 10Asts: Musić 7\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Osman Sinan İşgüder (TUR), Marius Ciulin (ROU), Alakbar Hasanov (AZE)19 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nTurkey \n61–78\n Germany\nScoring by quarter: 13–14, 9–27, 19–20, 20–17\nPts: Atar 16Rebs: Atar 9Asts: Al 3\n\nPts: Mushidi 22Rebs: Stanić 10Asts: Mushidi 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Mārtiņš Kozlovskis (LAT), Gintaras Vitkauskas (LTU), Hugues Thépénier (FRA)","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/2107/Israel-France"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Brisker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brisker"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Avdija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deni_Avdija"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Brisker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brisker"},{"link_name":"Goudou-Sinha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzo_Goudou-Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Diawara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digue_Diawara&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Diawara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digue_Diawara&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"},{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/2107/Germany-Croatia"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Hassfurther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Hassfurther"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Stanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Stani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Hassfurther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Hassfurther"},{"link_name":"Zylka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Zylka"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ljubičić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_Ljubi%C4%8Di%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Uljarević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Uljarevi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Semifinals","text":"21 July 2018 18:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nIsrael \n83–57\n France\nScoring by quarter: 25–13, 20–12, 21–11, 17–21\nPts: Brisker 18Rebs: Avdija 7Asts: Brisker 4\n\nPts: Goudou-Sinha 14Rebs: Diawara 6Asts: Diawara 5\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Martin Horozov (BUL), Zdravko Rutesic (MNE), Gintaras Vitkauskas (LTU)21 July 2018 20:15\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nGermany \n61–69\n Croatia\nScoring by quarter: 18–19, 13–13, 16–18, 14–19\nPts: Hassfurther 15Rebs: Stanić 8Asts: Hassfurther, Zylka 3\n\nPts: Kalajžić, Ljubičić 18Rebs: Kalajžić 11Asts: Uljarević 7\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Manuel Mazzoni (ITA), Francisco Araña (ESP), Osman Sinan İşgüder (TUR)","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/2207/France-Germany"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Diawara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digue_Diawara&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Diawara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digue_Diawara&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Goudou-Sinha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzo_Goudou-Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Stanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Stani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Freudenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freudenberg"},{"link_name":"Stanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Stani%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Hundt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennet_Hundt"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Third place match","text":"22 July 2018 16:45\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nFrance \n71–80\n Germany\nScoring by quarter: 26–24, 18–18, 15–17, 12–21\nPts: Diawara 19Rebs: Diawara 9Asts: Goudou-Sinha 6\n\nPts: Stanić 22Rebs: Freudenberg, Stanić 7Asts: Hundt 4\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Anastasios Piloidis (GRE), Marius Ciulin (ROM), Martin Vulić (CRO)","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Boxscore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fiba.basketball/europe/u20/2018/game/2207/Israel-Croatia"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_under-20_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Brisker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brisker"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Ruina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Ruina"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Zoosman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yovel_Zoosman"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Uljarević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Uljarevi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Messe Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messe_Chemnitz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chemnitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz"}],"sub_title":"Final","text":"22 July 2018 19:00\n\n\n\nBoxscore\n\n\n\nIsrael \n80–66\n Croatia\nScoring by quarter: 20–16, 25–18, 15–16, 20–16\nPts: Brisker 19Rebs: Ruina 14Asts: Zoosman 4\n\nPts: Kalajžić 18Rebs: Kalajžić 7Asts: Uljarević 4\n\n\n\nMesse Chemnitz, ChemnitzReferees: Carsten Straube (GER), Georgios Poursanidis (GRE), Mārtiņš Kozlovskis (LAT)","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"5th–8th place classification","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"9th–16th place classification","title":"Final round"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Final standings"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Awards"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Most Valuable Player","title":"Awards"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia"},{"link_name":"Mate Kalajžić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mate_Kalaj%C5%BEi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Kostja Mushidi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostja_Mushidi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"},{"link_name":"Yovel Zoosman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yovel_Zoosman"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"},{"link_name":"Deni Avdija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deni_Avdija"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Filip Stanić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Stani%C4%87"}],"sub_title":"All-Tournament Team","text":"Mate Kalajžić\n Kostja Mushidi\n Yovel Zoosman\n Deni Avdija\n Filip Stanić","title":"Awards"}]
[]
[{"title":"2018 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIBA_U20_European_Championship_Division_B"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_City
The Scarlet City
["1 Summary"]
1952 novel by Hella S. Haase This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "The Scarlet City" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Scarlet City First edition (Dutch)AuthorHella S. HaaseOriginal titleDe scharlaken stadTranslatorAnita MillerLanguageDutchPublisherAcademy Chicago Publishers (English)Publication date1952Publication placeNetherlandsPublished in English1990Pages367ISBN0-89733-349-7 The Scarlet City is a 1952 historical fiction novel written by Hella S. Haasse and originally published as De scharlaken stad. The novel was translated into English in 1990. Summary The novel is set primarily in sixteenth century Italy, when Francis I attempted to establish the French in the country, just like his predecessors Charles VIII and Louis XII. Clement VII is Pope at the time that most of the events take place. It features Giovanni Borgia, the Infans Romanus of the House of Borgia. He has no clue who his true father is, and is determined to make a name of himself in order to overcome his unknown paternity. Vittoria Colonna is also another prominent character featured in the story. In an unhappy marriage to the Marquis of Pescara, she finds solace in the teachings of Gian Matteo Giberti and Caterina Cibo, wife of Giovanni Maria Varano. Other historical figures that appear throughout the story include Niccolò Machiavelli and Michelangelo Buonarotti. Authority control databases: National Germany This article about a historical novel of the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_spasm
Coronary vasospasm
["1 Signs and symptoms","1.1 Complications","2 Risk factors","3 Pathophysiology","4 Diagnosis","4.1 EKG findings","5 History","6 References","7 Further reading","8 External links"]
Human disease Coronary vasospasm refers to when a coronary artery suddenly undergoes either complete or sub-total temporary occlusion. In 1959, Prinzmetal et al. described a type of chest pain resulting from coronary vasospasm, referring to it as a variant form of classical angina pectoris. Consequently, this angina has come to be reported and referred to in the literature as Prinzmetal angina. A subsequent study distinguished this type of angina from classical angina pectoris further by showing normal coronary arteries on cardiac catheterization. This finding is unlike the typical findings in classical angina pectoris, which usually shows atherosclerotic plaques on cardiac catheterization. When coronary vasospasm occurs, the occlusion temporarily produces ischemia. A wide array of symptoms or presentations can follow: ranging from asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, sometimes referred to as silent ischemia, to myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death. Signs and symptoms Coronary vasospasm classically produces chest pain at rest, also known as variant angina (vasospastic angina or Prinzmetal's angina). Chest pain is more common at certain times of the day, usually from late night to early morning. These episodes can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, cold sweating, and even syncope. Coronary vasospasm is also associated with symptoms of fatigue and tiredness, dyspnea, and palpitations. These can sometimes be the primary presenting symptoms, but they can also occur in conjunction with chest pain. There are cases of coronary vasospasm that occur without any symptoms at all, leading to episodes of silent or asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. Complications Depending on how long the occlusion lasts, a spectrum of different myocardial ischemic syndromes can occur. Shorter episodes of occlusion can lead to what is referred to as silent myocardial ischemia due to its asymptomatic nature. These episodes can also be accompanied by arrhythmias. Longer episodes of occlusion can lead to stable or unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Risk factors Unlike classical angina pectoris, traditional cardiovascular risk factors are not thought to be significantly associated with coronary vasospasm. The exception to this is with smoking, which is known to be a modifiable risk factor for vasospastic angina. There are several risk factors that are thought to precipitate, or trigger, episodes of coronary vasospasm. Many of these factors work by exerting effects on the autonomic nervous system. One of the mechanisms through which this occurs is via increasing sympathetic nervous system activity. The resulting increased sympathetic outflow leads to vasoconstrictive effects on blood vessels. For example, cocaine use can trigger vasospasm in coronary arteries through its actions on adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction. Exercise, cold weather, physical activity or exertion, mental stress, hyperventilation are additional precipitating factors. Pathophysiology The exact pathophysiology behind coronary vasospasm has not been elucidated. Instead, a combination of different factors has been proposed to contribute to coronary vasospasm. In general, it is thought that an abnormality within a coronary artery causes it to become hyperreactive to vasoconstrictor stimuli. This abnormality can be located in one segment of the coronary artery, or it may be diffuse and present throughout the entire artery. If and when vasoconstrictor stimuli act upon the hyperreactive segment of the artery, then vasospasm can result. Ultimately, when large coronary arteries undergo vasospasm, this can lead to either complete or transient occlusion of blood flow within the artery. As a result, ischemia to the tissues served by the artery can occur. Symptoms due to ischemia can follow. Some of the factors that have been proposed to contribute to coronary vasospasm include the following: Endothelial dysfunction Certain vasodilatory agents exert their effects by working via the endothelium, the cells that make up the lining of blood vessels. Specifically, these agents work by enhancing the production of nitric oxide from endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Normally, nitric oxide then works to promote vasodilation in a blood vessel through its own mechanisms such as inhibiting the release of agents that cause vasoconstriction. Endothelial dysfunction wherein there is a deficiency in the production of nitric oxide has been found to be associated with coronary vasospasm in some but not all cases. Vasodilatory agents with mechanisms dependent on a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase can cause vasoconstriction instead in the setting of endothelial dysfunction, leading to coronary vasospasm. Chronic inflammation Various markers of low-grade chronic inflammation have been found in cases of coronary vasospasm. In addition to this, one of the risk factors for coronary vasospasm is smoking. Chronic inflammation due to smoking has been shown to be damaging to endothelial cell function. Oxidative Stress Oxygen free radicals contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm through their damaging effects on vascular endothelial cells and degrading nitric oxide, an important vasodilatory agent. Smooth Muscle Hypercontractility At a cellular level, pathways that lead to enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylation promote vasoconstriction. Increased activity of Rho-kinase leading to enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm. Diagnosis There are no set criteria to diagnose coronary vasospasm. Thorough history taking by a clinician can assist in the diagnosis of coronary vasospasm. In cases where symptoms of chest pain are present, identifying features that distinguish episodes of vasospastic angina from traditional angina can aid in the diagnosis. Features such as chest pain at rest, a diurnal variation in tolerance for exercise with a reduction in tolerance for exercise in the morning, and responsiveness of chest pain to calcium channel blockers as opposed to beta blockers can be important clues. EKG can occasionally be used to diagnose episodes of coronary vasospasm. However, relying on EKG is not always possible due to the transient nature of coronary vasospasm episodes. Due to the challenge of capturing episodes of coronary vasospasm spontaneously, provocative testing to induce coronary vasospasm during coronary catheterization can be used to make the diagnosis. Provocative testing relies upon the use of pharmacological agents that promote or trigger episodes of vasospasm. Agents commonly administered include ergonovine and acetylcholine. Both pharmacological agents have vasoconstrictive effects on coronary arteries. However, in the clinical setting, provocative testing is not routinely performed. The reason for this is due to the adverse effects of these pharmacological agents. EKG findings When coronary vasospasm causes an artery to undergo complete occlusion, an EKG might show evidence of ST-segment elevation in the leads indicative of that artery's territory. Transient ST-segment depression can also occur, usually in the setting of sub-total occlusion of an artery. Additional EKG findings in coronary vasospasm include evidence of arrhythmias that might be induced by ischemia: ventricular premature contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and more. History Chest pain due to coronary vasospasm was described in the medical literature by Prinzmetal et al. in 1959. This discovery led to this type of angina being referred to in the literature as Prinzmetal angina. A following study further distinguished this angina from classical angina pectoris due to the fact that the results showed that the patients with chest pain due to coronary vasospasm lacked evidence of atherosclerosis on cardiac catheterization. Angina due to coronary vasospasm is also known as variant angina. During the 70’s and 80’s, intense research headed by Dr. Robert A. Chahine resulted in the delineation of Spasm's role in Prinzmetal's angina, allowing for easy identification and effective treatment. References ^ a b c d e f g h Hung, Ming-Jui; Hu, Patrick; Hung, Ming-Yow (2014). "Coronary Artery Spasm: Review and Update". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 11 (11): 1161–1171. doi:10.7150/ijms.9623. ISSN 1449-1907. PMC 4166862. PMID 25249785. ^ a b Prinzmetal, Myron; Kennamer, Rexford; Merliss, Reuben; Wada, Takashi; Bor, Naci (September 1959). "Angina pectoris I. A variant form of angina pectoris". The American Journal of Medicine. 27 (3): 375–388. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(59)90003-8. ISSN 0002-9343. PMID 14434946. ^ a b c d Cheng, Tsung O. (1972-05-01). "Variant Angina of Printzmetal with Normal Coronary Arteriograms: A Variant of the Variant". Annals of Internal Medicine. 76 (5): 862. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-862_2. ISSN 0003-4819. ^ Robert, Chahine (1984). "Coronary Artery Spasm". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 251 (8): 1097. doi:10.1001/JAMA.1984.03340320073040. S2CID 72379696. ^ a b c Konst RE, Meeder JG, Wittekoek ME, Maas AH, Appelman Y, Piek JJ, et al. (August 2020). "Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries". Netherlands Heart Journal. 28 (Suppl 1): 66–72. doi:10.1007/s12471-020-01451-9. PMC 7419395. PMID 32780334. ^ a b c d Beltrame, John F.; Crea, Filippo; Kaski, Juan Carlos; Ogawa, Hisao; Ong, Peter; Sechtem, Udo; Shimokawa, Hiroaki; Bairey Merz, C. Noel; Group (COVADIS), On Behalf of the Coronary Vasomotion Disorders International Study (2017-09-01). "International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina". European Heart Journal. 38 (33): 2565–2568. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv351. ISSN 0195-668X. PMID 26245334. ^ a b c d e Yasue H, Nakagawa H, Itoh T, Harada E, Mizuno Y (February 2008). "Coronary artery spasm--clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment". Journal of Cardiology. 51 (1): 2–17. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2008.01.001. PMID 18522770. ^ a b Yasue, Hirofumi; Kugiyama, Kiyotaka (1997). "Coronary Spasm: Clinical Features and Pathogenesis". Internal Medicine. 36 (11): 760–765. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.36.760. ISSN 0918-2918. PMID 9392345. ^ a b c d e f Lanza GA, Careri G, Crea F (October 2011). "Mechanisms of coronary artery spasm". Circulation. 124 (16): 1774–82. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.037283. PMID 22007100. ^ a b Picard F, Sayah N, Spagnoli V, Adjedj J, Varenne O (January 2019). "Vasospastic angina: A literature review of current evidence". Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 112 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2018.08.002. PMID 30197243. ^ Talarico GP, Crosta ML, Giannico MB, Summaria F, Calò L, Patrizi R (May 2017). "Cocaine and coronary artery diseases: a systematic review of the literature". Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 18 (5): 291–294. doi:10.2459/JCM.0000000000000511. PMID 28306693. S2CID 13605509. ^ a b c d e f Matta A, Bouisset F, Lhermusier T, Campelo-Parada F, Elbaz M, Carrié D, Roncalli J (2020-05-15). "Coronary Artery Spasm: New Insights". Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 2020: 5894586. doi:10.1155/2020/5894586. PMC 7245659. PMID 32508542. ^ Jcs Joint Working Group (August 2010). "Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (JCS 2008): digest version". Circulation Journal. 74 (8): 1745–62. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-10-74-0802. PMID 20671373. ^ Matta, Anthony; Bouisset, Frederic; Lhermusier, Thibault; Campelo-Parada, Fran; Elbaz, Meyer; Carrié, Didier; Roncalli, Jerome (2020-05-15). "Coronary Artery Spasm: New Insights". Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 2020: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2020/5894586. PMC 7245659. PMID 32508542. ^ Itoh, Teruhiko; Mizuno, Yuji; Harada, Eisaku; Yoshimura, Michihiro; Ogawa, Hisao; Yasue, Hirofumi (2007). "Coronary Spasm is Associated With Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation". Circulation Journal. 71 (7): 1074–1078. doi:10.1253/circj.71.1074. ISSN 1346-9843. PMID 17587713. ^ Messner Barbara; Bernhard David (2014-03-01). "Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 34 (3): 509–515. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156. PMID 24554606. ^ Kusama, Yoshiki; Kodani, Eitaro; Nakagomi, Akihiro; Otsuka, Toshiaki; Atarashi, Hirotsugu; Kishida, Hiroshi; Mizuno, Kyoichi (2011). "Variant Angina and Coronary Artery Spasm: The Clinical Spectrum, Pathophysiology, and Management". Journal of Nippon Medical School. 78 (1): 4–12. doi:10.1272/jnms.78.4. ISSN 1347-3409. PMID 21389642. ^ Shimokawa, Hiroaki (2000). "Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Coronary Artery Spasm". Japanese Circulation Journal. 64 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1253/jcj.64.1. ISSN 0047-1828. PMID 10651199. ^ a b c Specchia, G.; de Servi, S. (1984), "Provocative Testing for Coronary Spasm", Breakdown in Human Adaptation to ‘Stress’, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 916–922, doi:10.1007/978-94-011-8064-1_70, ISBN 978-94-011-8066-5, retrieved 2020-11-22 ^ a b c d e Slavich, Massimo; Patel, Riyaz Suleman (March 2016). "Coronary artery spasm: Current knowledge and residual uncertainties". IJC Heart & Vasculature. 10: 47–53. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2016.01.003. ISSN 2352-9067. PMC 5462634. PMID 28616515. ^ Robert, Chahine (1986). "Coronary Artery Spasm". Postgraduate Medicine. 79 (4): 78–91. doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699314. ^ Robert A., Chahine (1983). Corronary Artery Spasm. Futura Publishing Company. ISBN 9780879931926. Further reading Hibino H, Kurachi Y (March 2006). "A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm". Circulation Research. 98 (5): 579–81. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab. PMID 16543506. External links ClassificationDICD-9-CM: 413.1MeSH: D003329External resourcesMedlinePlus: 000159eMedicine: med/447 vteCardiovascular disease (heart)IschemiaCoronary disease Coronary artery disease (CAD) Coronary artery aneurysm Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) Coronary thrombosis Coronary vasospasm Myocardial bridge Active ischemia Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Stable angina Acute coronary syndrome Myocardial infarction Unstable angina Sequelae hours Hibernating myocardium Myocardial stunning days Myocardial rupture weeks Ventricular aneurysm Dressler syndrome LayersPericardium Pericarditis Acute Chronic / Constrictive Pericardial effusion Cardiac tamponade Hemopericardium Myocardium Myocarditis Chagas disease Cardiomyopathy Dilated Alcoholic Hypertrophic Tachycardia-induced Restrictive Loeffler endocarditis Cardiac amyloidosis Endocardial fibroelastosis Viral Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium / valvesEndocarditis infective endocarditis Subacute bacterial endocarditis non-infective endocarditis Libman–Sacks endocarditis Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis Valves mitral prolapse stenosis regurgitation aortic stenosis regurgitation tricuspid stenosis regurgitation pulmonary stenosis regurgitation Conduction / arrhythmiaBradycardia Sinus bradycardia Sick sinus syndrome Heart block: Sinoatrial AV 1° 2° 3° Intraventricular Bundle branch block Right Left Left anterior fascicle Left posterior fascicle Bifascicular Trifascicular Adams–Stokes syndrome Tachycardia (paroxysmal and sinus)Supraventricular Atrial Multifocal Junctional AV nodal reentrant Junctional ectopic Ventricular Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Catecholaminergic polymorphic Torsades de pointes Premature contraction Atrial Junctional Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome Lown–Ganong–Levine Wolff–Parkinson–White Flutter / fibrillation Atrial flutter Ventricular flutter Atrial fibrillation Familial Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat Multifocal atrial tachycardia Pacemaker syndrome Parasystole Wandering atrial pacemaker Long QT syndrome Andersen–Tawil Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Romano–Ward Cardiac arrest Sudden cardiac death Asystole Pulseless electrical activity Sinoatrial arrest Other / ungrouped hexaxial reference system Right axis deviation Left axis deviation QT Short QT syndrome T T wave alternans ST J wave ST elevation ST depression Strain pattern Cardiomegaly Ventricular hypertrophy Left Right Pulmonary Atrial enlargement Left Right Athletic heart syndrome Other Cardiac fibrosis Heart failure Diastolic heart failure Cardiac asthma Rheumatic fever Obstructive shock
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This finding is unlike the typical findings in classical angina pectoris, which usually shows atherosclerotic plaques on cardiac catheterization.[3]When coronary vasospasm occurs, the occlusion temporarily produces ischemia. A wide array of symptoms or presentations can follow: ranging from asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, sometimes referred to as silent ischemia, to myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death.[4][1]","title":"Coronary vasospasm"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"variant angina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_angina"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-8"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-8"}],"text":"Coronary vasospasm classically produces chest pain at rest, also known as variant angina (vasospastic angina or Prinzmetal's angina).[5] Chest pain is more common at certain times of the day, usually from late night to early morning.[6] These episodes can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, cold sweating, and even syncope.[7][8] Coronary vasospasm is also associated with symptoms of fatigue and tiredness, dyspnea, and palpitations.[5] These can sometimes be the primary presenting symptoms, but they can also occur in conjunction with chest pain.[5]There are cases of coronary vasospasm that occur without any symptoms at all, leading to episodes of silent or asymptomatic myocardial ischemia.[7][8]","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-1"}],"sub_title":"Complications","text":"Depending on how long the occlusion lasts, a spectrum of different myocardial ischemic syndromes can occur. Shorter episodes of occlusion can lead to what is referred to as silent myocardial ischemia due to its asymptomatic nature.[1] These episodes can also be accompanied by arrhythmias.[1] Longer episodes of occlusion can lead to stable or unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.[1]","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"angina pectoris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angina"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-7"}],"text":"Unlike classical angina pectoris, traditional cardiovascular risk factors are not thought to be significantly associated with coronary vasospasm.[9] The exception to this is with smoking, which is known to be a modifiable risk factor for vasospastic angina.[9][10]There are several risk factors that are thought to precipitate, or trigger, episodes of coronary vasospasm. Many of these factors work by exerting effects on the autonomic nervous system. One of the mechanisms through which this occurs is via increasing sympathetic nervous system activity. The resulting increased sympathetic outflow leads to vasoconstrictive effects on blood vessels.[9] For example, cocaine use can trigger vasospasm in coronary arteries through its actions on adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction.[11] Exercise, cold weather, physical activity or exertion, mental stress, hyperventilation are additional precipitating factors.[9][7]","title":"Risk factors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-12"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-1"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-12"},{"link_name":"endothelium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-12"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:03-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-10"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-1"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-12"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"myosin light chain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin_light_chain"},{"link_name":"Rho-kinase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho-associated_protein_kinase"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-1"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"The exact pathophysiology behind coronary vasospasm has not been elucidated. Instead, a combination of different factors has been proposed to contribute to coronary vasospasm.[12] In general, it is thought that an abnormality within a coronary artery causes it to become hyperreactive to vasoconstrictor stimuli. This abnormality can be located in one segment of the coronary artery, or it may be diffuse and present throughout the entire artery. If and when vasoconstrictor stimuli act upon the hyperreactive segment of the artery, then vasospasm can result.[9] Ultimately, when large coronary arteries undergo vasospasm, this can lead to either complete or transient occlusion of blood flow within the artery. As a result, ischemia to the tissues served by the artery can occur. Symptoms due to ischemia can follow.[13]Some of the factors that have been proposed to contribute to coronary vasospasm include the following:[1][12]Endothelial dysfunction\nCertain vasodilatory agents exert their effects by working via the endothelium, the cells that make up the lining of blood vessels. Specifically, these agents work by enhancing the production of nitric oxide from endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Normally, nitric oxide then works to promote vasodilation in a blood vessel through its own mechanisms such as inhibiting the release of agents that cause vasoconstriction.[12]\nEndothelial dysfunction wherein there is a deficiency in the production of nitric oxide has been found to be associated with coronary vasospasm in some but not all cases.[12] Vasodilatory agents with mechanisms dependent on a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase can cause vasoconstriction instead in the setting of endothelial dysfunction, leading to coronary vasospasm.[12]\nChronic inflammation\nVarious markers of low-grade chronic inflammation have been found in cases of coronary vasospasm.[14][15]\nIn addition to this, one of the risk factors for coronary vasospasm is smoking.[9][10] Chronic inflammation due to smoking has been shown to be damaging to endothelial cell function.[16]\nOxidative Stress\nOxygen free radicals contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm through their damaging effects on vascular endothelial cells and degrading nitric oxide, an important vasodilatory agent.[1][12][17]\nSmooth Muscle Hypercontractility\nAt a cellular level, pathways that lead to enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylation promote vasoconstriction. Increased activity of Rho-kinase leading to enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm.[1][18]","title":"Pathophysiology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-6"},{"link_name":"calcium channel blockers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker"},{"link_name":"beta blockers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-6"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-19"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-19"},{"link_name":"acetylcholine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-20"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-20"}],"text":"There are no set criteria to diagnose coronary vasospasm. Thorough history taking by a clinician can assist in the diagnosis of coronary vasospasm. In cases where symptoms of chest pain are present, identifying features that distinguish episodes of vasospastic angina from traditional angina can aid in the diagnosis.[6] Features such as chest pain at rest, a diurnal variation in tolerance for exercise with a reduction in tolerance for exercise in the morning, and responsiveness of chest pain to calcium channel blockers as opposed to beta blockers can be important clues.[6]EKG can occasionally be used to diagnose episodes of coronary vasospasm. However, relying on EKG is not always possible due to the transient nature of coronary vasospasm episodes.[6][19] Due to the challenge of capturing episodes of coronary vasospasm spontaneously, provocative testing to induce coronary vasospasm during coronary catheterization can be used to make the diagnosis.[19] Provocative testing relies upon the use of pharmacological agents that promote or trigger episodes of vasospasm. Agents commonly administered include ergonovine and acetylcholine. Both pharmacological agents have vasoconstrictive effects on coronary arteries.[19] However, in the clinical setting, provocative testing is not routinely performed.[20] The reason for this is due to the adverse effects of these pharmacological agents.[20]","title":"Diagnosis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-7"}],"sub_title":"EKG findings","text":"When coronary vasospasm causes an artery to undergo complete occlusion, an EKG might show evidence of ST-segment elevation in the leads indicative of that artery's territory. Transient ST-segment depression can also occur, usually in the setting of sub-total occlusion of an artery.[7]Additional EKG findings in coronary vasospasm include evidence of arrhythmias that might be induced by ischemia: ventricular premature contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and more.[7]","title":"Diagnosis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:9-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:12-3"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-20"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:12-3"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-20"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"}],"text":"Chest pain due to coronary vasospasm was described in the medical literature by Prinzmetal et al. in 1959.[2] This discovery led to this type of angina being referred to in the literature as Prinzmetal angina.[3][20] A following study further distinguished this angina from classical angina pectoris due to the fact that the results showed that the patients with chest pain due to coronary vasospasm lacked evidence of atherosclerosis on cardiac catheterization.[3][20] Angina due to coronary vasospasm is also known as variant angina.[20]During the 70’s and 80’s, intense research[21] headed by Dr. Robert A. Chahine resulted in the delineation of Spasm's role in Prinzmetal's angina, allowing for easy identification and effective treatment.[22]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1161/01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"16543506","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16543506"}],"text":"Hibino H, Kurachi Y (March 2006). \"A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm\". Circulation Research. 98 (5): 579–81. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab. PMID 16543506.","title":"Further reading"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Hung, Ming-Jui; Hu, Patrick; Hung, Ming-Yow (2014). \"Coronary Artery Spasm: Review and Update\". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 11 (11): 1161–1171. doi:10.7150/ijms.9623. ISSN 1449-1907. PMC 4166862. PMID 25249785.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.medsci.org/v11p1161.htm","url_text":"\"Coronary Artery Spasm: Review and Update\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7150%2Fijms.9623","url_text":"10.7150/ijms.9623"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1449-1907","url_text":"1449-1907"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166862","url_text":"4166862"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25249785","url_text":"25249785"}]},{"reference":"Prinzmetal, Myron; Kennamer, Rexford; Merliss, Reuben; Wada, Takashi; Bor, Naci (September 1959). \"Angina pectoris I. A variant form of angina pectoris\". The American Journal of Medicine. 27 (3): 375–388. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(59)90003-8. ISSN 0002-9343. PMID 14434946.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(59)90003-8","url_text":"\"Angina pectoris I. A variant form of angina pectoris\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9343%2859%2990003-8","url_text":"10.1016/0002-9343(59)90003-8"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9343","url_text":"0002-9343"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14434946","url_text":"14434946"}]},{"reference":"Cheng, Tsung O. (1972-05-01). \"Variant Angina of Printzmetal with Normal Coronary Arteriograms: A Variant of the Variant\". Annals of Internal Medicine. 76 (5): 862. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-862_2. ISSN 0003-4819.","urls":[{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-862_2","url_text":"\"Variant Angina of Printzmetal with Normal Coronary Arteriograms: A Variant of the Variant\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-76-5-862_2","url_text":"10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-862_2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-4819","url_text":"0003-4819"}]},{"reference":"Robert, Chahine (1984). \"Coronary Artery Spasm\". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 251 (8): 1097. doi:10.1001/JAMA.1984.03340320073040. S2CID 72379696.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1001%2FJAMA.1984.03340320073040","url_text":"10.1001/JAMA.1984.03340320073040"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72379696","url_text":"72379696"}]},{"reference":"Konst RE, Meeder JG, Wittekoek ME, Maas AH, Appelman Y, Piek JJ, et al. (August 2020). \"Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries\". Netherlands Heart Journal. 28 (Suppl 1): 66–72. doi:10.1007/s12471-020-01451-9. PMC 7419395. 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PMID 17587713.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1253%2Fcircj.71.1074","url_text":"\"Coronary Spasm is Associated With Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1253%2Fcircj.71.1074","url_text":"10.1253/circj.71.1074"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1346-9843","url_text":"1346-9843"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17587713","url_text":"17587713"}]},{"reference":"Messner Barbara; Bernhard David (2014-03-01). \"Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease\". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 34 (3): 509–515. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156. PMID 24554606.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2FATVBAHA.113.300156","url_text":"\"Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2FATVBAHA.113.300156","url_text":"10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24554606","url_text":"24554606"}]},{"reference":"Kusama, Yoshiki; Kodani, Eitaro; Nakagomi, Akihiro; Otsuka, Toshiaki; Atarashi, Hirotsugu; Kishida, Hiroshi; Mizuno, Kyoichi (2011). \"Variant Angina and Coronary Artery Spasm: The Clinical Spectrum, Pathophysiology, and Management\". Journal of Nippon Medical School. 78 (1): 4–12. doi:10.1272/jnms.78.4. ISSN 1347-3409. PMID 21389642.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1272%2Fjnms.78.4","url_text":"\"Variant Angina and Coronary Artery Spasm: The Clinical Spectrum, Pathophysiology, and Management\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1272%2Fjnms.78.4","url_text":"10.1272/jnms.78.4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1347-3409","url_text":"1347-3409"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21389642","url_text":"21389642"}]},{"reference":"Shimokawa, Hiroaki (2000). \"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Coronary Artery Spasm\". Japanese Circulation Journal. 64 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1253/jcj.64.1. ISSN 0047-1828. PMID 10651199.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1253%2Fjcj.64.1","url_text":"\"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Coronary Artery Spasm\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1253%2Fjcj.64.1","url_text":"10.1253/jcj.64.1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0047-1828","url_text":"0047-1828"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10651199","url_text":"10651199"}]},{"reference":"Specchia, G.; de Servi, S. (1984), \"Provocative Testing for Coronary Spasm\", Breakdown in Human Adaptation to ‘Stress’, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 916–922, doi:10.1007/978-94-011-8064-1_70, ISBN 978-94-011-8066-5, retrieved 2020-11-22","urls":[{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8064-1_70","url_text":"\"Provocative Testing for Coronary Spasm\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-011-8064-1_70","url_text":"10.1007/978-94-011-8064-1_70"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-011-8066-5","url_text":"978-94-011-8066-5"}]},{"reference":"Slavich, Massimo; Patel, Riyaz Suleman (March 2016). \"Coronary artery spasm: Current knowledge and residual uncertainties\". IJC Heart & Vasculature. 10: 47–53. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2016.01.003. ISSN 2352-9067. PMC 5462634. PMID 28616515.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5462634","url_text":"\"Coronary artery spasm: Current knowledge and residual uncertainties\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijcha.2016.01.003","url_text":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2016.01.003"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2352-9067","url_text":"2352-9067"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5462634","url_text":"5462634"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28616515","url_text":"28616515"}]},{"reference":"Robert, Chahine (1986). \"Coronary Artery Spasm\". Postgraduate Medicine. 79 (4): 78–91. doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699314.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00325481.1986.11699314","url_text":"\"Coronary Artery Spasm\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00325481.1986.11699314","url_text":"10.1080/00325481.1986.11699314"}]},{"reference":"Robert A., Chahine (1983). Corronary Artery Spasm. Futura Publishing Company. ISBN 9780879931926.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=NThsAAAAMAAJ&q=robert+chahine","url_text":"Corronary Artery Spasm"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879931926","url_text":"9780879931926"}]},{"reference":"Hibino H, Kurachi Y (March 2006). \"A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm\". Circulation Research. 98 (5): 579–81. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab. PMID 16543506.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab","url_text":"\"A new insight into the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab","url_text":"10.1161/01.RES.0000215571.12500.ab"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16543506","url_text":"16543506"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosate
Rosate
["1 Notable people","2 Twin towns","3 References","4 External links"]
Comune in Lombardy, ItalyRosate Rosaa (Lombard)ComuneComune di RosateChurch of St. Stephen in Rosate.Location of Rosate RosateLocation of Rosate in ItalyShow map of ItalyRosateRosate (Lombardy)Show map of LombardyCoordinates: 45°20′N 9°1′E / 45.333°N 9.017°E / 45.333; 9.017CountryItalyRegionLombardyMetropolitan cityMilan (MI)FrazioniCavolettoGovernment • MayorDaniele Del BenArea • Total18.7 km2 (7.2 sq mi)Elevation107 m (351 ft)Population (1 January 2015) • Total5,590 • Density300/km2 (770/sq mi)DemonymRosatesi or RosatiniTime zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal code20088Dialing code02WebsiteOfficial website Rosate (Milanese: Rosaa ) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Milan. Rosate borders the following municipalities: Gaggiano, Gudo Visconti, Besate, Noviglio, Morimondo, Vernate, Bubbiano, Calvignasco. Notable people Albericus de Rosate (c. 1290–1354 or 1360), jurist Twin towns Rosate is twinned with: Gmina Tarnowo Podgórne, Poland Rohrdorf, Bavaria, Germany References ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019. ^ All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat. External links Official website vteLombardy · Comuni of the Metropolitan City of Milan Abbiategrasso Albairate Arconate Arese Arluno Assago Baranzate Bareggio Basiano Basiglio Bellinzago Lombardo Bernate Ticino Besate Binasco Boffalora sopra Ticino Bollate Bresso Bubbiano Buccinasco Buscate Bussero Busto Garolfo Calvignasco Cambiago Canegrate Carpiano Carugate Casarile Casorezzo Cassano d'Adda Cassina de' Pecchi Cassinetta di Lugagnano Castano Primo Cernusco sul Naviglio Cerro Maggiore Cerro al Lambro Cesano Boscone Cesate Cinisello Balsamo Cisliano Cologno Monzese Colturano Corbetta Cormano Cornaredo Corsico Cuggiono Cusago Cusano Milanino Dairago Dresano Gaggiano Garbagnate Milanese Gessate Gorgonzola Grezzago Gudo Visconti Inveruno Inzago Lacchiarella Lainate Legnano Liscate Locate di Triulzi Magenta Magnago Marcallo con Casone Masate Mediglia Melegnano Melzo Mesero Milan Morimondo Motta Visconti Nerviano Nosate Novate Milanese Noviglio Opera Ossona Ozzero Paderno Dugnano Pantigliate Parabiago Paullo Pero Peschiera Borromeo Pessano con Bornago Pieve Emanuele Pioltello Pogliano Milanese Pozzo d'Adda Pozzuolo Martesana Pregnana Milanese Rescaldina Rho Robecchetto con Induno Robecco sul Naviglio Rodano Rosate Rozzano San Colombano al Lambro San Donato Milanese San Giorgio su Legnano San Giuliano Milanese San Vittore Olona San Zenone al Lambro Santo Stefano Ticino Sedriano Segrate Senago Sesto San Giovanni Settala Settimo Milanese Solaro Trezzano Rosa Trezzano sul Naviglio Trezzo sull'Adda Tribiano Truccazzano Turbigo Vanzaghello Vanzago Vaprio d'Adda Vermezzo con Zelo Vernate Vignate Villa Cortese Vimodrone Vittuone Vizzolo Predabissi Zibido San Giacomo Authority control databases VIAF WorldCat This article on a location in the Province of Milan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilma_Anderson_Gilman
Wilma Anderson Gilman
["1 Early life and education","2 Career","3 Personal life","4 Notes","5 References","6 External links"]
Wilma Anderson GilmanBornWilma Hortensia AndersonJuly 9, 1881Cresco, Iowa, U.S.DiedSeptember 12, 1971Occupationsconcert pianistmusic teacherclubwomanSpouse Charles Lewis Gilman ​ ​(m. 1907; died 1930)​Children2 Wilma Anderson Gilman (née, Anderson; July 9, 1881 – September 12, 1971) was an American concert pianist, music teacher, and clubwoman. After making her debut in Brussels, she appeared in concerts in 34 U.S. states. Gilman was the first Minnesota musician asked to play as a soloist with the Minneapolis Symphony. Early life and education Wilma Hortensia Anderson was born in Cresco, Howard County, Iowa, July 9, 1881. She was the daughter of Andrew Edward Anderson (1852-1929) and Lavina N. (Nichols) Anderson (1847-1931). Her siblings were: Evelyn, Edward, Ernest, and Don. The family lived in a small town in North Dakota, coming to Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1890. She attended grade and private schools in Minneapolis, taking lessons on the piano. When twelve years old, she made a concert trip with the Hutchison Family and the Ski-U-Mah Quartet. In 1896, she went with her sister, Ruth Anderson, to Europe for further music study and remained there four years. She received an additional two years of private schooling. Career On returning to the U.S., Gilman made several concert trips throughout the country, studying and playing in New York City between trips. Since making Minneapolis her permanent home, she was active in the music profession as a concert pianist, teacher, and clubwoman. With T. P. Giddings, Minneapolis Public Schools music supervisor, she worked out a system of piano class teaching which was used in many of the largest cities of the U.S. Gilman was also a teacher of piano and music literature in the MacPhail School of Music. She was a member of Minnesota State Music Teachers Association. Gilman was for several years chair of the music committee of the Minnesota Federation of Women's Clubs. She served on the Executive Board of the Minnesota Thursday Musical Club. She was active in various other organizations whose service was toward raising the standard and cooperation of the music profession. She was also a member of the St. Anthony Falls chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Personal life On June 20, 1907, in Hennepin County, Minnesota, she married Charles Lewis Gilman (1882-1930). They had two children, Frances Wilma Gilman (1914–2010) and Clark A. Gilman (1917–?). Gilman home in northern Minnesota Mr. and Mrs. Gilman owned a second home in a forested area of northern Minnesota, which she wrote about in The Minnesota Horticulturist. Gilman was ranked an expert shot. She favored woman suffrage. In religion, she was Presbyterian. Wilma Anderson Gilman died September 12, 1971. Her correspondence and memoirs are held by the Minnesota Historical Society. Notes ^ According to Leonard (1914) and Familysearch.org, Wilma was born in Winneshiek County, Iowa. According to her obituary in the Star Tribune (1971), Wilma was born in Ojata, North Dakota. ^ According to Leonard (1914), Wilma was born in July 1883. References ^ a b c d e f g Leonard, John W. (1914). Woman's Who's who of America. American Commonwealth Company. p. 328. Retrieved 22 June 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ^ a b c d e f g Foster, Mary Dillon (1924). "Wilma Anderson Gilman". Who's who Among Minnesota Women: A History of Woman's Work in Minnesota from Pioneer Days to Date, Told in Biographies, Memorials and Records of Organizations. Mary Dillon Foster. p. 120. Retrieved 21 June 2022 – via HathiTrust. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ^ a b c "Wilma Hortensia Anderson 9 July 1881 – 12 September 1971 • 9VN9-K7Q". ident.familysearch.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022. ^ a b "Deaths". Star Tribune. 14 September 1971. p. 22. Retrieved 22 June 2022 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Gilman, Wilma Anderson (1913). "The Forest Home". The Minnesota Horticulturist: 87–90, 218–21. Retrieved 22 June 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ^ "CHARLES L. GILMAN AND FAMILY: An Inventory of Their Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved 22 June 2022. External links Works by or about Wilma Anderson Gilman at Internet Archive Authority control databases International VIAF National United States
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"née","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names"},{"link_name":"Brussels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels"},{"link_name":"U.S. states","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonard-1914-1"},{"link_name":"Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Minneapolis Symphony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoMinnesota-1924-2"}],"text":"Wilma Anderson Gilman (née, Anderson; July 9, 1881 – September 12, 1971) was an American concert pianist, music teacher, and clubwoman. After making her debut in Brussels, she appeared in concerts in 34 U.S. states.[1] Gilman was the first Minnesota musician asked to play as a soloist with the Minneapolis Symphony.[2]","title":"Wilma Anderson Gilman"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cresco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresco,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"Howard County, Iowa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_County,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[b]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-familysearch-WilmaHortensiaAnderson-3"},{"link_name":"North Dakota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota"},{"link_name":"Minneapolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoMinnesota-1924-2"},{"link_name":"Ski-U-Mah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski-U-Mah_(slogan)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoMinnesota-1924-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonard-1914-1"}],"text":"Wilma Hortensia Anderson was born in Cresco, Howard County, Iowa, July 9, 1881.[a][b] She was the daughter of Andrew Edward Anderson (1852-1929) and Lavina N. (Nichols) Anderson (1847-1931). Her siblings were: Evelyn, Edward, Ernest, and Don.[3] The family lived in a small town in North Dakota, coming to Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1890.[2]She attended grade and private schools in Minneapolis, taking lessons on the piano. When twelve years old, she made a concert trip with the Hutchison Family and the Ski-U-Mah Quartet. In 1896, she went with her sister, Ruth Anderson, to Europe for further music study and remained there four years.[2] She received an additional two years of private schooling.[1]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoMinnesota-1924-2"},{"link_name":"Minneapolis Public Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis_Public_Schools"},{"link_name":"MacPhail School of Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacPhail_Center_for_Music"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoMinnesota-1924-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonard-1914-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonard-1914-1"},{"link_name":"Daughters of the American Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoMinnesota-1924-2"}],"text":"On returning to the U.S., Gilman made several concert trips throughout the country, studying and playing in New York City between trips.[2]Since making Minneapolis her permanent home, she was active in the music profession as a concert pianist, teacher, and clubwoman. With T. P. Giddings, Minneapolis Public Schools music supervisor, she worked out a system of piano class teaching which was used in many of the largest cities of the U.S. Gilman was also a teacher of piano and music literature in the MacPhail School of Music.[2] She was a member of Minnesota State Music Teachers Association.[1]Gilman was for several years chair of the music committee of the Minnesota Federation of Women's Clubs. She served on the Executive Board of the Minnesota Thursday Musical Club.[1] She was active in various other organizations whose service was toward raising the standard and cooperation of the music profession. She was also a member of the St. Anthony Falls chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.[2]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hennepin County, Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hennepin_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoMinnesota-1924-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-familysearch-WilmaHortensiaAnderson-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wilma_Anderson_Gilman_home_in_northern_Minnesota_(The_Minnesota_Horticulturist,_1913).png"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-theMinnesota-1913-7"},{"link_name":"Presbyterian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterianism"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonard-1914-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-StarTrib-14sep1971-4"},{"link_name":"Minnesota Historical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Historical_Society"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MNHS-8"}],"text":"On June 20, 1907, in Hennepin County, Minnesota, she married Charles Lewis Gilman (1882-1930). They had two children,[2] Frances Wilma Gilman (1914–2010) and Clark A. Gilman (1917–?).[3]Gilman home in northern MinnesotaMr. and Mrs. Gilman owned a second home in a forested area of northern Minnesota, which she wrote about in The Minnesota Horticulturist.[5]Gilman was ranked an expert shot. She favored woman suffrage. In religion, she was Presbyterian.[1]Wilma Anderson Gilman died September 12, 1971.[4]\nHer correspondence and memoirs are held by the Minnesota Historical Society.[6]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"Winneshiek County, Iowa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winneshiek_County,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonard-1914-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-familysearch-WilmaHortensiaAnderson-3"},{"link_name":"North Dakota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-StarTrib-14sep1971-4"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonard-1914-1"}],"text":"^ According to Leonard (1914) and Familysearch.org, Wilma was born in Winneshiek County, Iowa.[1][3] According to her obituary in the Star Tribune (1971), Wilma was born in Ojata, North Dakota.[4]\n\n^ According to Leonard (1914), Wilma was born in July 1883.[1]","title":"Notes"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Southern_Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
["1 History","1.1 Origin as \"Rhodesia\"","1.2 Century up to independence","1.3 1953–1965","1.4 Return to \"Rhodesia\"","1.5 Legal aspects of the name since 1964","2 Judiciary","3 See also","4 References","5 Bibliography","6 External links"]
British colony in Africa, 1923 to 1965 This article is about the British colony. For the unrecognised state that existed from 1965–1979, see Rhodesia. For the region, see Rhodesia (region). For other uses, see Rhodesia (disambiguation). Southern Rhodesia1923–1965 Flag(1924–1964) Coat of arms(1924–1981) Anthem: "God Save the King/Queen" StatusSelf-governing British colony (1923–1965 1979-1980)CapitalSalisburyCommon languagesEnglish (official)Shona and Sindebele widely spoken, some AfrikaansGovernmentConstitutional monarchyMonarch • 1923-1936 George V• 1936 Edward VIII• 1936–1952 George VI• 1952–1964 Elizabeth II• 1979–1980 Elizabeth II Governor • 1923–1928 (first) John Chancellor• 1959–1965 Humphrey Gibbs• 1979–1980 (last) Christopher Soames Prime Minister • 1923–1927 (first) Charles Coghlan• 1964 (last) Ian Smith LegislatureLegislative AssemblyHistory • BSAC administration 1890–1923• Annexed by the UK 12 September 1923 (1923)• Responsible Government 1 October 1923• Federation 1953–1963• UDI 11 November 1965• Republic declared 3 March 1970• Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1 June 1979• Independence 18 April 1980 Area1904372,518 km2 (143,830 sq mi)Population• 1904 605,764 CurrencySouthern Rhodesian poundRhodesian poundRhodesian dollar Preceded by Succeeded by 1923:Company rulein Rhodesia 1963:Federation ofRhodesia andNyasaland 1979:Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1953:Federation ofRhodesia andNyasaland 1964:Rhodesia 1980:Zimbabwe Today part ofZimbabwe ^ The unrecognized government purported to have Elizabeth II continue to reign under the unrecognized title, Queen of Rhodesia, after 1964 and until the abolition of the unrecognized Rhodesian monarchy in 1970. ^ Gibbs' governorship of Southern Rhodesia began during the Federation period. For a brief time, Gibbs was also the Acting Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. ^ Gibbs' de facto governorship ended with the internationally unrecognized declaration of independence on 11 November 1965, as the attached 1965 Constitution abolished the post and created the positions of Governor-General and Officer Administering the Government (for when a Governor-General was not appointed by the Queen of Rhodesia). On 17 November 1965, his responsibilities were bestowed by the unrecognized government upon Clifford Dupont as Acting Officer Administering the Government. Gibbs remained the de jure legal Governor until 24 June 1969. ^ Smith continued to lead the unrecognized government as Prime Minister of Rhodesia until 1 June 1979. Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked, self-governing British Crown colony in Southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The region was informally known as South Zambesia until annexation by Britain, at the behest of Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company (for whom the colony was named). The bounding territories were Bechuanaland (Botswana), Northern Rhodesia (Zambia), Portuguese Mozambique (Mozambique) and the Transvaal Republic (for two brief periods known as the British Transvaal Colony; from 1910, the Union of South Africa and, from 1961, the Republic of South Africa). This southern region, known for its extensive gold reserves, was first purchased by the BSAC's Pioneer Column on the strength of a Mineral Concession extracted from its Matabele king, Lobengula, and various majority Mashona vassal chiefs in 1890. Though parts of the territory were laid-claim-to by the Bechuana and Portugal, its first people, the "Bushmen" (or Sān or Khoisan), had possessed it for countless centuries beforehand and had continued to inhabit the region. Following the colony's unilateral dissolution in 1970 by the Republic of Rhodesia government, the Colony of Southern Rhodesia was re-established in 1979 as the predecessor state to the Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia which, in-turn, was the predecessor state of the Republic of Zimbabwe. Its only true geographical borders were the rivers Zambezi and Limpopo, its other boundaries being (more or less) arbitrary, and merging imperceptibly with the peoples and domains of earlier chiefdoms of pre-colonial times. The British colony was established de jure in 1923, having earlier been occupied, constructed and administered by the British South Africa Company and its sub-concessionaires who were mostly British subjects. In 1953, it was merged into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which lasted until 1963. Southern Rhodesia was renamed Rhodesia and remained a de jure British colony until 1980. However, the Rhodesian government issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965 and established a fully independent Rhodesia, which immediately became an unrecognised state. In 1979, it reconstituted itself under majority rule as Zimbabwe Rhodesia, which also failed to win international recognition. After a period of interim British control following the Lancaster House Agreement in December 1979, the country achieved internationally recognised independence as Zimbabwe in April 1980. History Origin as "Rhodesia" Main article: Company rule in Rhodesia See also: Rhodesia Initially, the territory was referred to as "South Zambezia", a reference to the River Zambezi, until the name "Rhodesia" came into use in 1895. This was in honour of Cecil Rhodes, the British empire-builder and key figure during the British expansion into southern Africa. In 1888 Rhodes obtained mineral rights from the most powerful local traditional leaders through treaties such as the Rudd Concession and the Moffat Treaty, which was signed by King Lobengula of the Ndebele people. "Southern" was first used in 1898 and dropped from normal usage in 1964, on the break-up of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. "Rhodesia" then remained the name of the country until the creation of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. Legally, from the British perspective, the name Southern Rhodesia continued to be used until 18 April 1980, when the Republic of Zimbabwe was promulgated. Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902), Founding chairman of the board of directors of De Beers Mining Company, funded by Nathaniel, 1st Lord Rothschild The British government agreed that Rhodes' company, the British South Africa Company (BSAC), would administer the territory stretching from the Limpopo to Lake Tanganyika under charter as a protectorate. Queen Victoria signed the charter in 1889. Rhodes used this document in 1890 to justify sending the Pioneer Column, a group of white settlers protected by well-armed British South Africa Police (BSAP) and guided by the big game hunter Frederick Selous, through Matabeleland and into Shona territory to establish Fort Salisbury (now Harare). In 1893–1894, with the help of their new Maxim guns, the BSAP defeated the Ndebele in the First Matabele War, a war which also resulted in the death of King Lobengula and the death of most of the members of the Shangani Patrol. Shortly after the disastrous BSAP Jameson Raid into the Transvaal Republic, the Ndebele were led by their spiritual leader Mlimo against the white colonials and thus began the Second Matabele War (1896–97) which resulted in the extermination of nearly half the British settlers. After months of bloodshed, Mlimo was found and shot by the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham and soon thereafter Rhodes walked unarmed into the Ndebele stronghold in Matobo Hills and persuaded the impi to lay down their arms, effectively ending the revolt. A legislative council was created in 1899 to manage the company's civil affairs, with a minority of elected seats, through which the BSAC had to pass government measures. As the company was a British institution in which settlers and capitalists owned most shares, and local black African tribal chiefs the remainder, and the electorate to this council was limited to those shareholders, the electorate was almost exclusively white settlers. Over time as more settlers arrived and a growing number had less than the amount of land required to own a share in the company or where in trades supporting the company as workers, successive activism resulted in first increasing the proportion of elected seats, and eventually allowing non-share holders the right to vote in the election. Prior to about 1918, the opinion among the electorate supported continued BSAC rule but opinion changed because of the development of the country and increased settlement. In addition, a decision in the British courts that land not in private ownership belonged to the British Crown rather than the BSAC gave great impetus to the campaign for self-government. In the resulting treaty government self-government, Crown lands which were sold to settlers allowed those settlers the right to vote in the self-governing colony. Century up to independence The territory north of the Zambezi was the subject of separate treaties with African chiefs: today, it forms the country of Zambia. The first BSAC Administrator for the western part was appointed for Barotseland in 1897 and for the whole of North-Western Rhodesia in 1900. The first BSAC Administrator for the eastern part, North-Eastern Rhodesia, was appointed in 1895. The whites in the territory south of the river paid it scant regard though, and generally used the name "Rhodesia" in a narrow sense to mean their part. The designation "Southern Rhodesia" was first used officially in 1898 in the Southern Rhodesia Order in Council of 20 October 1898, which applied to the area south of the Zambezi, and was more common after the BSAC merged the administration of the two northern territories as Northern Rhodesia in 1911. White settlers in Southern Rhodesia, 1922 As a result of the various treaties between the BSAC and the black tribes, Acts of Parliament delineating BSAC and Crown Lands, overlapping British colonial commission authority of both areas, the rights of the increasing number of British settlers and their descendants were given secondary review by authorities. This resulted in the formation of new movements for expanding the self-government of the Rhodesian people which saw BSAC rule as an impediment to further expansion. The Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election of 1920 returned a large majority of candidates of the Responsible Government Association and it became clear that BSAC rule was no longer practical. Opinion in the United Kingdom and South Africa favoured incorporation of Southern Rhodesia in the Union of South Africa, but, by forcing the pace of negotiation, the Southern Rhodesians obtained unfavourable terms and the electorate backed Responsible Government in a 1922 referendum. In view of the outcome of the referendum, the territory was annexed by the United Kingdom on 12 September 1923. Shortly after annexation, on 1 October 1923, the first constitution for the new Colony of Southern Rhodesia came into force. Under this constitution Sir Charles Coghlan became the first Premier of First Cabinet of Southern Rhodesia and upon his death in 1927 he was succeeded by Howard Unwin Moffat. During World War II, Southern Rhodesian military units participated on the side of the United Kingdom. Southern Rhodesian forces were involved on many fronts including the East and North African campaigns, Italy, Madagascar and Burma. Southern Rhodesian forces had the highest loss ratio of any constituent element, colony, dependency or dominion of the British Empire forces during World War II. Additionally, the Rhodesian pilots earned the highest number of decorations and ace appellations of any group within the Empire. This resulted in the Royal Family paying an unusual state visit to the colony at the end of the war to thank the Rhodesian people. A postage stamp commemorating the royal visit of 1947 Economically, Southern Rhodesia developed an economy that was narrowly based on production of a few primary products, notably, chrome and tobacco. It was therefore vulnerable to the economic cycle. The deep recession of the 1930s gave way to a post-war boom. This boom prompted the immigration of about 200,000 white settlers between 1945 and 1970, taking the white population up to 307,000. A large number of these immigrants were of British working-class origin. The black population was about 6 million. In the 1940s, the founding of a university to serve central African countries was proposed. Such a university was eventually established in Salisbury, with funding provided by the British and Southern Rhodesian governments and some private sources. One condition of British funding was that student admission should be based on "academic achievement and good character" with no racial distinction. University College of Rhodesia (UCR) received its first intake of students in 1952. Until 1971 it awarded degrees of the Universities of London and Birmingham. In 1971 UCR became the University of Rhodesia and began awarding its own degrees. In 1980 it was renamed the University of Zimbabwe. 1953–1965 Land apportionment in Rhodesia in 1965 In 1953, with calls for independence mounting in many of its African possessions, the United Kingdom created the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (or the Central African Federation, CAF), which consisted of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi, respectively). The idea was to try to steer a middle road between the differing aspirations of the black nationalists, the colonial administration and the white settler population. The CAF sought to emulate the experience of Australia, Canada and South Africa – wherein groups of colonies had been federated together to form viable independent nations. Originally designed to be "an indissoluble federation", the CAF quickly started to unravel due to the low proportion of British and other white citizens in relation to the larger black populations. Additionally, by incorporating the tribes within the Federation as potential citizens, the Federation created the paradoxical situation of having a white elite owning most of the land and capital, whilst being completely dependent upon cheap black labour. The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved on 1 January 1964. However, it was expected that only Nyasaland would be let go, whilst the remainder of Rhodesia both north and south would be united. Although Northern Rhodesia had a white population of over 100,000, as well as additional British military and civil units and their dependents, most of these were relatively new to the region, were primarily in the extraction business, had little landed interests, and were more amenable to allowing black nationalism than the Southern Rhodesians. Accordingly, Britain granted independence to Northern Rhodesia on 24 October 1964. However, when the new nationalists changed its name to Zambia and began tentatively at first and later in rapid march an Africanisation campaign, Southern Rhodesia remained a British colony, resisting attempts to bring in majority rule. The colony attempted to change its name to Rhodesia although this was not recognised by the United Kingdom. The majority of the Federation's military and financial assets went to Southern Rhodesia, since the British Government did not wish to see them fall into the hands of the nationalist leaders, and since Southern Rhodesia had borne the major expenses of running the Federation. With regard to the latter, however, Northern Rhodesia was the wealthiest of the three member states (due to its vast copper mines) and had contributed more to the overall building of infrastructure than the other two members did. Southern Rhodesia, recognising an inevitable dissolution of the Federation, was quick to use federal funds in building its infrastructure ahead of the others. A key component of this was the building of the Kariba Dam and its hydroelectric facility (shafts, control centre, etc.), which was situated on the Southern Rhodesian side of the Zambezi Gorge. This situation caused some embarrassment for the Zambian government later when it was a "front line state" in support of insurgents into Rhodesia in that its major source of electric power was controlled by the Rhodesian state. Return to "Rhodesia" With the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia no longer in existence, in 1964, Southern Rhodesia reverted to the name Rhodesia (see next section). In 1965, Rhodesia unilaterally declared itself independent under a white-dominated government led by Ian Smith. After a long civil war ensued between the white (until 1979) government and two African majority, Soviet Bloc-aligned 'liberation movements' (Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army and Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army). The Salisbury government, realizing the situation was untenable, and facing strong international pressure, concluded the Internal Settlement with black nationalist leaders in March 1978. A general election a year later resulted in the creation of a unity government, which in December 1979 concluded the Lancaster House Agreement, whereby Britain resumed control of the country for a brief period before granting independence to the renamed Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980. Legal aspects of the name since 1964 On 7 October 1964, the Southern Rhodesian government announced that when Northern Rhodesia achieved independence as Zambia, the Southern Rhodesian government would officially become known as the Rhodesian Government and the colony would become known as Rhodesia. On 23 October of that year, the Minister of Internal Affairs notified the press that the Constitution would be amended to make this official. The Legislative Assembly then passed an Interpretation Bill to declare that the colony could be referred to as Rhodesia. The Bill received its third reading on 9 December 1964, and passed to the Governor for royal assent. However, no royal assent was granted to the Bill. Section 3 of the Southern Rhodesia (Annexation) Order 1923 provided that Southern Rhodesia "shall be known as the Colony of Southern Rhodesia" and the Southern Rhodesia (Constitution) Act 1961 and the Order-in-Council which followed it both referred to it as such. The country's name had been agreed previously by both Southern Rhodesia and the United Kingdom, and it was therefore outside the powers of Southern Rhodesian institutions to amend them unilaterally. Notwithstanding the Governor's lack of assent to the Interpretation Bill the United Kingdom's Colonial Office was, by 1965, officially using the name "Rhodesia" in British Government-issued Gazettes of the period (for instance see: The 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours of 12 June 1965). The Rhodesian government, which had begun using the new name anyway, did not press the issue. The Unilateral Declaration of Independence, adopted on 11 November 1965, was in the name of "Rhodesia", which remained unchanged by the declaration of a republic in 1970, the title of the republican constitution of 1969, like the constitution before it, being "Constitution of Rhodesia". While the new name was widely used, 'Southern Rhodesia' remained the colony's formal name in United Kingdom constitutional theory: for example, the Act passed by the United Kingdom Parliament declaring the independence a legal nullity was entitled the Southern Rhodesia Act 1965. Following the signing of the Lancaster House Agreement, the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Southern Rhodesia Constitution (Interim Provisions) Order 1979, establishing the offices of Governor and Deputy Governor of Southern Rhodesia, filled by Lord Soames and Sir Antony Duff respectively. The new Governor arrived in Salisbury on 12 December 1979, and on that day the Parliament of Zimbabwe Rhodesia handed power over to him by passing the Constitution of Zimbabwe Rhodesia (Amendment) (No. 4) Act, declaring that "Zimbabwe Rhodesia shall cease to be an independent State and become part of Her Majesty's dominions". After elections in February 1980, the colony ceased to exist when the new country of Zimbabwe became independent at midnight on 17 April 1980. Part of a series on the History of Zimbabwe Ancient history Leopard's Kopje c. 900 – c. 1075 Mapungubwe Kingdom c. 1075 – c. 1220 Zimbabwe Kingdom c. 1220 – c. 1450 Butua Kingdom c. 1450–1683 Mutapa Kingdom c. 1450–1760 White settlement pre-1923 Rozvi Empire c. 1684–1834 Mthwakazi 1823-1894 Rudd Concession 1888 BSA Company rule 1890–1923 First Matabele War 1893–1894 Second Matabele War 1896–1897 World War I involvement 1914–1918 Colony of Southern Rhodesia 1923–1965 World War II involvement 1939–1945 Malayan Emergencyinvolvement 1948–1960 Federation with NorthernRhodesia and Nyasaland 1953–1963 Rhodesian Bush War 1964–1979 Unilateral Declaration ofIndependence (UDI) 1965 Rhodesia 1965–1979 Zimbabwe-Rhodesia June–December 1979 Lancaster House Agreement December 1979 British Dependency 1979–1980 Zimbabwe 1980–present Gukurahundi 1982–1987 Second Congo War 1998–2003 Coup d'état 2017 vte Judiciary List of chief justices of Southern Rhodesia: Incumbent Tenure Notes Took office Left office Sir Murray Bisset 1927 1931 Previously Test cricketer for South Africa Sir Fraser Russell 1931 ?1943 Sir Robert James Hudson 1943 15 May 1950 Vernon Lewis 1950 1950 Died in Service, 1950 Sir Robert Tredgold 1950 1955 Chief Justice of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, 1953?–1961 Sir John Murray 1 August 1955 1961 Sir Hugh Beadle 1961 1977 Hector Macdonald 1977 1980 See also Administrative posts of the British South Africa Company in Southern Rhodesia Albert John Lutuli, a famous South African born in Southern Rhodesia Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland History of Zimbabwe List of presidents of Zimbabwe President of Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia in World War I Tati Concessions Land, a region detached from Matebeleland and annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate References ^ a b "Census of the British empire. 1901". Openlibrary.org. 1906. p. 177. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2013. ^ "Southern Rhodesia Act 1965". legislation.gov.uk. 1965. Retrieved 5 June 2022. ^ "Southern Rhodesia Act 1979". legislation.gov.uk. 1979. Retrieved 5 June 2022. ^ The Ruined Cities of Mashonaland, J. Theodore Bent, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1892. ^ "Our History". Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019. ^ "The Business ‹ Private clients :: The Rothschild Archive". Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2019. ^ Farwell, Byron (2001). The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 539. ISBN 0-393-04770-9. Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2016. ^ P E N Tindall, (1967). A History of Central Africa, Praeger, pp. 133–4. ^ E A Walter, (1963).The Cambridge History of the British Empire: South Africa, Rhodesia and the High Commission Territories, Cambridge University Press, pp. 696–7. ^ "Southern Rhodesia Order in Council" (PDF). rhodesia.me.uk. 1898. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013. ^ Southern Rhodesia (Annexation) Order in Council, 30 July 1923 which provided by section 3 thereof: "From and after the coming into operation of this Order the said territories shall be annexed to and form part of His Majesty's Dominions, and shall be known as the Colony of Southern Rhodesia". ^ Stella Madzibamuto v Desmond William Larder – Burke, Fredrick Phillip George (1969) A.C 645 – Authority for date of annexation having been 12 September 1923, being the date the Rhodesia (Annexation) Order in Council came into effect ^ a b Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations Action in the Question of Southern Rhodesia by Vera Gowlland-Debbas ^ Stella Madzibamuto v Desmond William Larder – Burke, Fredrick Phillip George (1969) A.C 645 ^ Southern Rhodesia Constitution Letters Patent 1923 ^ "A Split in Rhodesia Ranks". New York Times. 3 July 1977. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2017. ^ "History of the University of Zimbabwe" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2007. ^ Southern Rhodesia Information Service Press Statement 980/64 A.G.C. ^ See Palley, Claire (1966). The Constitutional History and Law of Southern Rhodesia. Oxford University Press. pp. 742–3. ^ Supplement to The London Gazette no. 43667 published on 4 June 1965, p. 5503. "Colonial Office, Great Smith Street, London S.W.1. 12th June, 1965. The Queen has been graciously pleased, on the occasion of the Celebration of Her Majesty's Birthday, to approve the award of the Colonial Police Medal to the undermentioned officers: RHODESIA for Meritorious Service, Jack Berry, Superintendent, British South Africa Police, &c...", ^ a b International Enclopedia of Comparative Law Archived 21 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, J C B Möhr, 1976, page xx ^ Southern Rhodesia Constitution (Interim Provisions) Order 1979 Archived 21 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Hansard, 14 December 1979 ^ Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations Action in the Question of Southern Rhodesia, Vera Gowlland-Debbas Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990, page 91 ^ "Heroes: the underground railroad in Rhodesia". Vukutu. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. Bibliography Shutt, Allison K. (2015). Manners Make a Nation: Racial Etiquette in Southern Rhodesia, 1910–1963. Rochester: University of Rochester Press. Blake, Robert (1978). A History of Rhodesia. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-48068-6. External links Hillier, Alfred Peter; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). "Rhodesia" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. 1004–1008. Cana, Frank Richardson (1922). "Rhodesia" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). pp. 269–273. vteSouthern Rhodesia / Rhodesia articles1890–1923: Company rule; 1923–80: Southern Rhodesia; 1953–63: Federation; 1965–79: Rhodesia under UDI; 1979: Zimbabwe Rhodesia under UDI; 1980–present: ZimbabweHistory Pre-colonial Rudd Concession Company rule Pioneer Column First Matabele War Shangani Patrol Second Matabele War Second Boer War First World War Southern Rhodesia colonial history Second World War Malayan Emergency involvement Federation Unilateral Declaration of Independence Bush War 1975 Victoria Falls Conference 1976 Geneva Conference Internal Settlement Zimbabwe Rhodesia Lancaster House Agreement Zimbabwe Geography Chimanimani Mountains Cities and towns Limpopo River Zambezi River Politics Political history Districts Legislative Assembly Parliament Elections Ministry of External Affairs Mission in Lisbon Centre in Sydney Municipalities Police Political parties Central Africa Party Confederate Party Dominion Party Federal Party Responsible Government Association (RGA) Rhodesian Action Party (RAP) Rhodesian Front (RF) Rhodesia Labour Party (RLP) Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC) Southern Rhodesia Communist Party (SRCP) Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party (SRLP) United Federal Party (UFP) United National Federal Party (UNFP) United Rhodesia Party Queen Governor President Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister Cabinet Leader of the Opposition Provinces Security Forces Chemical weapons and biological agents Economy Dollar (currency from 1970) Pound (currency to 1970) Reserve Bank Stock Exchange Telecommunications Tourism Transportation Society List of Rhodesians Public holidays Rhodesiana DemographicsEthnic groups(diaspora)Black Kunda Lemba Manyika Ndebele Rusape Jews Shona Tokaleya Tonga White Afrikaners British Greeks Jews "Rhodies" Others Coloureds (Goffals) Indians Languages Afrikaans English (South African) Shona Ndebele Symbols Animal Anthem Coat of arms Emblem Flags national Insignia Flower Category vteBritish Empire Legend Current territory Former territory * Now a Commonwealth realm Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations Culture:Anglosphere Europe 1542–1800 Ireland (integrated into the UK) 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802 Minorca Since 1713 Gibraltar 1794–1796 Corsica 1800–1813 Malta (Protectorate) 1813–1964 Malta (Colony) 1807–1890 Heligoland 1809–1864 Ionian Islands 1878–1960 Cyprus 1921–1931 Irish Free State Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) vteAfrica17th and 18th centuries19th century20th century Since 1658 Saint Helena23 1792–1961 Sierra Leone 1795–1803 Cape Colony Since 1815 Ascension Island23 Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha23 1806–1910 Cape of Good Hope 1807–1808 Madeira 1810–1968 Mauritius 1816–1965 The Gambia 1856–1910 Natal 1862–1906 Lagos 1868–1966 Basutoland6 1874–1957 Gold Coast7 1882–1922 Egypt 1884–1900 Niger Coast 1884–1966 Bechuanaland8 1884–1960 Somaliland 1887–1897 Zululand 1890–1962 Uganda 1890–1963 Zanzibar9 1891–1964 Nyasaland10 1891–1907 Central Africa 1893–1968 Swaziland11 1895–1920 East Africa 1899–1956 Sudan 1900–1914 Northern Nigeria 1900–1914 Southern Nigeria 1900–1910 Orange River 1900–1910 Transvaal 1903–1976 Seychelles 1910–1931 South Africa 1914–1960 Nigeria 1915–1931 South-West Africa12 1919–1961 Cameroons13 1920–1963 Kenya 1922–1961 Tanganyika13 1923–1965 and 1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia14 1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia15 6. Now Lesotho. 7. Now Ghana. 8. Now Botswana. 9. Now part of Tanzania. 10. Now Malawi. 11. Now named Eswatini. 12. Now Namibia. 13. League of Nations mandate. British Cameroons is now part of Cameroon, while Tanganyika is part of Tanzania. 14. Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003. 15. Now Zambia. vteAsia17th and 18th centuries19th century20th century 1685–1824 Bencoolen 1702–1705 Pulo Condore 1757–1947 Bengal 1762–1764 Manila and Cavite 1781–1784 and 1795–1819 Padang 1786–1946 Penang 1795–1948 Ceylon16 1796–1965 Maldives 1811–1816 Java 1812–1824 Banka and Billiton 1819–1826 Malaya 1824–1948 Burma 1826–1946 Straits Settlements 1839–1967 Aden Colony 1839–1842 Afghanistan 1841–1997 Hong Kong 1841–1946 Sarawak17 1848–1946 Labuan 1858–1947 India18 1874–1963 Borneo 1879–1919 Afghanistan (protectorate) 1882–1963 North Borneo17 1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States 1888–1984 Brunei 1891–1971 Muscat and Oman 1892–1971 Trucial States 1895–1946 Federated Malay States 1898–1930 Weihai 1878–1960 Cyprus 1907–1949 Bhutan (protectorate) 1918–1961 Kuwait 1920–1932 Mesopotamia19 1921–1946 Transjordan8 1923–1948 Palestine19 1945–1946 South Vietnam 1946–1963 North Borneo 1946–1963 Sarawak 1946–1963 Singapore 1946–1948 Malayan Union 1948–1957 Federation of Malaya17 Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and Seychelles)26 16. Now Sri Lanka. 17. Now part of Malaysia. 18. Now India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. 19. League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 26. Legitimacy of territorial establishment disputed vteNorth America17th century and before18th century19th and 20th centuries 1579 New Albion 16th c.–1880 British Arctic Territories 1583–1907 Newfoundland 1605–1979 *Saint Lucia 1607–1776 Virginia Since 1619 Bermuda 1620–1691 Plymouth 1623–1983 Saint Kitts 1624–1966 *Barbados 1625–1650 Saint Croix 1627–1979 *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1628–1983 Nevis 1629–1691 Massachusetts-Bay 1632–1776 Maryland since 1632 Montserrat 1632–1860 Antigua 1635–1644 Saybrook 1636–1776 Connecticut 1636–1776 Rhode Island 1637–1662 New Haven 1643–1860 Bay Islands Since 1650 Anguilla 1655–1860 Mosquito Coast 1655–1962 *Jamaica 1663–1712 Carolina 1664–1776 New-York 1665–1674 and 1702–1776 New-Jersey Since 1666 Virgin Islands Since 1670 Cayman Islands 1670–1973 *Bahamas 1670–1870 Rupert's Land 1671–1816 Leeward Islands 1674–1702 East Jersey 1674–1702 West Jersey 1680–1776 New Hampshire 1681–1776 Pennsylvania 1686–1689 New England 1691–1776 Massachusetts-Bay 1701–1776 Delaware 1712–1776 North-Carolina 1712–1776 South-Carolina 1713–1867 Nova-Scotia 1733–1776 Georgia 1754–1820 Cape Breton Island 1762–1974 *Grenada 1763–1978 Dominica 1763–1873 Prince Edward Island 1763–1791 Quebec 1763–1783 East Florida 1763–1783 West Florida 1784–1867 New Brunswick 1791–1841 Lower Canada 1791–1841 Upper Canada Since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands 1818–1846 Columbia District/Oregon Country1 1833–1960 Windward Islands 1833–1960 Leeward Islands 1841–1867 Canada 1843 Paulet affair 1849–1866 Vancouver Island 1853–1863 Queen Charlotte Islands 1858–1866 British Columbia 1859–1870 North-Western Territory 1860–1981 *Antigua and Barbuda 1862–1863 Stickeen 1866–1871 British Columbia 1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada2 1871–1981 *Belize 1882–1983 *Saint Kitts and Nevis 1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago 1907–1949 Newfoundland3 1958–1962 West Indies Federation 1967–1983 West Indies Associated States 1. Occupied jointly with the United States. 2. In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. See Name of Canada. 3. Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949. vteOceania18th and 19th centuries20th century 1788–1901 New South Wales 1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1807–1863 Auckland Islands20 1824–1980 New Hebrides21 1824–1901 Queensland 1829–1901 Swan River/Western Australia 1836–1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands 1841–1907 New Zealand 1846–1847 North Australia 1851–1901 Victoria 1874–1970 Fiji 1877–1976 Western Pacific Territories 1884–1902 Papua 1888–1901 Rarotonga/Cook Islands20 1889–1948 Union Islands20 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands22 1893–1978 *Solomon Islands 1900–1970 Tonga 1900–1974 Niue20 1901–1942 *Australia 1907–1947 *New Zealand 1914–1962 Samoa 1919–1942 and 1945–1968 Nauru 20. Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand. 21. Now Vanuatu. 22. Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu. South America 1631–1641 Providence Island 1651–1667 Willoughbyland 1670–1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands4 1831–1966 Guiana Since 1833 Falkland Islands5 Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands5 4. Now a department of Colombia. 5. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982. Antarctica and the South Atlantic Since 1658 Saint Helena23 Since 1815 Ascension Island23 Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha23 Since 1833 Falkland Islands 1841–1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia) 1841–1947 Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand) Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory24 Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands25 23. Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 24. Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the Antarctic Treaty. 25. Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985 Historical flags of the British Empire Category Commons Portal vteRegions of AfricaCentral Guinea region Gulf of Guinea Cape Lopez Mayombe Igboland Mbaise Pool Malebo Congo Basin Chad Basin Cameroonian Highlands forests East Sudanian savanna Congolian rainforests Ouaddaï highlands Ennedi Plateau East African Great Lakes Albertine Rift East African Rift Great Rift Valley Gregory Rift Rift Valley lakes Virunga Mountains Kavirondo Zanj East African montane forests Eastern Arc Mountains Serengeti Horn of Africa Afar Triangle Al-Habash Barbaria Danakil Alps Danakil Desert Ethiopian Highlands Dahlak Archipelago Hanish Islands Gulf of Aden Gulf of Tadjoura Red Sea Indian Ocean islands Comoro Islands Lamu Archipelago Madagascar Central Highlands Northern Highlands Zanzibar Archipelago Swahili coast North Eastern Desert Maghreb Ancient Libya Atlas Mountains Barbary Coast Gibraltar Arc Ifriqiya Nile Valley Nile Delta Bashmur Cataracts of the Nile Darfur Lower Egypt Lower Nubia Middle Egypt Nile Delta Nuba Mountains Nubia The Sudans Upper Egypt Tibesti Mountains Western Sahara South Rhodesia North South Thembuland Succulent Karoo Nama Karoo Bushveld Maputaland Highveld Fynbos Indian Ocean coastal belt Albany thickets Cape Floristic Region Skeleton Coast Kalahari Desert Okavango Delta Cape Peninsula False Bay West Pepper Coast Gold Coast Slave Coast Ivory Coast Cape Palmas Cape Mesurado Guinea region Guinean Forests of West Africa Upper Guinean forests Lower Guinean forests Guinean forest-savanna mosaic Guinea Highlands Gulf of Guinea Dahomey Gap Niger Basin Niger Delta Inner Niger Delta West Sudanian savanna Yorubaland Macro-regions Aethiopia Afromontane Arab world Commonwealth realm Equatorial Africa Françafrique Greater Middle East Guineo-Congolian region Islands of Africa List of countries where Arabic is an official language Mediterranean Basin MENASA Middle East Middle East and North Africa Miombo woodlands Mittelafrika Negroland Northeast Africa Portuguese-speaking African countries Sahara Sahel Southeast Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Sudan (region) Sudanian savanna Tropical Africa Zambezian region Authority control databases International VIAF 2 National Germany Israel United States Czech Republic
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Rhodesia (region)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_(region)"},{"link_name":"Rhodesia (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"self-governing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-governing_colony"},{"link_name":"Crown colony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_colony"},{"link_name":"Southern Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Africa"},{"link_name":"1923","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923"},{"link_name":"British South Africa Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company"},{"link_name":"Zambezi River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambezi_River"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Southern_Rhodesia_Act_1965-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Southern_Rhodesia_Act_1979-7"},{"link_name":"Cecil Rhodes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes"},{"link_name":"Bechuanaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bechuanaland"},{"link_name":"Botswana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana"},{"link_name":"Northern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Zambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"},{"link_name":"Portuguese Mozambique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique"},{"link_name":"Mozambique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique"},{"link_name":"Transvaal Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic"},{"link_name":"Transvaal Colony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvaal_Colony"},{"link_name":"Union of South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Republic of South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"gold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold"},{"link_name":"Pioneer Column","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Column"},{"link_name":"Matabele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matabeleland"},{"link_name":"Lobengula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobengula"},{"link_name":"Mashona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashonaland"},{"link_name":"1890","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890"},{"link_name":"Sān","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_people"},{"link_name":"Khoisan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoisan"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"predecessor state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predecessor_state"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe"},{"link_name":"Limpopo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limpopo_River"},{"link_name":"de jure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure"},{"link_name":"Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland"},{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_(1964%E2%80%931965)"},{"link_name":"de jure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure"},{"link_name":"Unilateral Declaration of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"unrecognised state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_unrecognized_states_and_dependencies"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Lancaster House Agreement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement"}],"text":"This article is about the British colony. For the unrecognised state that existed from 1965–1979, see Rhodesia. For the region, see Rhodesia (region). For other uses, see Rhodesia (disambiguation).Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked, self-governing British Crown colony in Southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River.[2][3] The region was informally known as South Zambesia until annexation by Britain, at the behest of Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company (for whom the colony was named). The bounding territories were Bechuanaland (Botswana), Northern Rhodesia (Zambia), Portuguese Mozambique (Mozambique) and the Transvaal Republic (for two brief periods known as the British Transvaal Colony; from 1910, the Union of South Africa and, from 1961, the Republic of South Africa).This southern region, known for its extensive gold reserves, was first purchased by the BSAC's Pioneer Column on the strength of a Mineral Concession extracted from its Matabele king, Lobengula, and various majority Mashona vassal chiefs in 1890. Though parts of the territory were laid-claim-to by the Bechuana and Portugal, its first people, the \"Bushmen\" (or Sān or Khoisan), had possessed it for countless centuries beforehand and had continued to inhabit the region.[4] Following the colony's unilateral dissolution in 1970 by the Republic of Rhodesia government, the Colony of Southern Rhodesia was re-established in 1979 as the predecessor state to the Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia which, in-turn, was the predecessor state of the Republic of Zimbabwe. Its only true geographical borders were the rivers Zambezi and Limpopo, its other boundaries being (more or less) arbitrary, and merging imperceptibly with the peoples and domains of earlier chiefdoms of pre-colonial times.The British colony was established de jure in 1923, having earlier been occupied, constructed and administered by the British South Africa Company and its sub-concessionaires who were mostly British subjects. In 1953, it was merged into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which lasted until 1963. Southern Rhodesia was renamed Rhodesia and remained a de jure British colony until 1980. However, the Rhodesian government issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965 and established a fully independent Rhodesia, which immediately became an unrecognised state. In 1979, it reconstituted itself under majority rule as Zimbabwe Rhodesia, which also failed to win international recognition. After a period of interim British control following the Lancaster House Agreement in December 1979, the country achieved internationally recognised independence as Zimbabwe in April 1980.","title":"Southern Rhodesia"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_(name)"},{"link_name":"Zambezi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambezi"},{"link_name":"Cecil Rhodes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes"},{"link_name":"southern Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Africa"},{"link_name":"mineral rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_rights"},{"link_name":"treaties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty"},{"link_name":"Rudd Concession","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudd_Concession"},{"link_name":"Moffat Treaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moffat_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"King Lobengula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobengula"},{"link_name":"Ndebele people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_people"},{"link_name":"Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland"},{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Republic of Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Zimbabwe"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg"},{"link_name":"Cecil Rhodes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes"},{"link_name":"De Beers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"British South Africa Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company"},{"link_name":"administer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_rule_in_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Limpopo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limpopo"},{"link_name":"Lake Tanganyika","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika"},{"link_name":"charter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter"},{"link_name":"protectorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate"},{"link_name":"Queen Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria"},{"link_name":"Pioneer Column","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Column"},{"link_name":"British South Africa Police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_South_Africa_Police"},{"link_name":"Frederick Selous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Selous"},{"link_name":"Harare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harare"},{"link_name":"Maxim guns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_gun"},{"link_name":"First Matabele War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Matabele_War"},{"link_name":"Shangani Patrol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangani_Patrol"},{"link_name":"Jameson Raid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameson_Raid"},{"link_name":"Transvaal Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvaal_Republic"},{"link_name":"Second Matabele War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Matabele_War"},{"link_name":"Frederick Russell Burnham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Russell_Burnham"},{"link_name":"Matobo Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matobo_Hills"},{"link_name":"impi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impi"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-farwell-11"},{"link_name":"legislative council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesian_Legislative_Council"},{"link_name":"British Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Crown"}],"sub_title":"Origin as \"Rhodesia\"","text":"See also: RhodesiaInitially, the territory was referred to as \"South Zambezia\", a reference to the River Zambezi, until the name \"Rhodesia\" came into use in 1895. This was in honour of Cecil Rhodes, the British empire-builder and key figure during the British expansion into southern Africa. In 1888 Rhodes obtained mineral rights from the most powerful local traditional leaders through treaties such as the Rudd Concession and the Moffat Treaty, which was signed by King Lobengula of the Ndebele people. \"Southern\" was first used in 1898 and dropped from normal usage in 1964, on the break-up of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. \"Rhodesia\" then remained the name of the country until the creation of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. Legally, from the British perspective, the name Southern Rhodesia continued to be used until 18 April 1980, when the Republic of Zimbabwe was promulgated.Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902), Founding chairman of the board of directors of De Beers Mining Company, funded by Nathaniel, 1st Lord Rothschild[5][6]The British government agreed that Rhodes' company, the British South Africa Company (BSAC), would administer the territory stretching from the Limpopo to Lake Tanganyika under charter as a protectorate. Queen Victoria signed the charter in 1889. Rhodes used this document in 1890 to justify sending the Pioneer Column, a group of white settlers protected by well-armed British South Africa Police (BSAP) and guided by the big game hunter Frederick Selous, through Matabeleland and into Shona territory to establish Fort Salisbury (now Harare). In 1893–1894, with the help of their new Maxim guns, the BSAP defeated the Ndebele in the First Matabele War, a war which also resulted in the death of King Lobengula and the death of most of the members of the Shangani Patrol. Shortly after the disastrous BSAP Jameson Raid into the Transvaal Republic, the Ndebele were led by their spiritual leader Mlimo against the white colonials and thus began the Second Matabele War (1896–97) which resulted in the extermination of nearly half the British settlers. After months of bloodshed, Mlimo was found and shot by the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham and soon thereafter Rhodes walked unarmed into the Ndebele stronghold in Matobo Hills and persuaded the impi to lay down their arms, effectively ending the revolt.[7]A legislative council was created in 1899 to manage the company's civil affairs, with a minority of elected seats, through which the BSAC had to pass government measures. As the company was a British institution in which settlers and capitalists owned most shares, and local black African tribal chiefs the remainder, and the electorate to this council was limited to those shareholders, the electorate was almost exclusively white settlers. Over time as more settlers arrived and a growing number had less than the amount of land required to own a share in the company or where in trades supporting the company as workers, successive activism resulted in first increasing the proportion of elected seats, and eventually allowing non-share holders the right to vote in the election. Prior to about 1918, the opinion among the electorate supported continued BSAC rule but opinion changed because of the development of the country and increased settlement. In addition, a decision in the British courts that land not in private ownership belonged to the British Crown rather than the BSAC gave great impetus to the campaign for self-government. In the resulting treaty government self-government, Crown lands which were sold to settlers allowed those settlers the right to vote in the self-governing colony.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Zambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"},{"link_name":"Barotseland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barotseland"},{"link_name":"North-Western Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"North-Eastern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Eastern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Northern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BSAC_settlers_Southern_Rhodesia.jpg"},{"link_name":"Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesian_Legislative_Council"},{"link_name":"election of 1920","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesian_Legislative_Council_election,_1920"},{"link_name":"Responsible Government Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsible_Government_Association"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Union of South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa"},{"link_name":"1922 referendum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_government_referendum,_1922"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"},{"link_name":"Sir Charles Coghlan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Coghlan_(politician)"},{"link_name":"First Cabinet of Southern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Southern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Howard Unwin Moffat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Unwin_Moffat"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"participated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II"},{"link_name":"East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)"},{"link_name":"North African campaigns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_African_campaign"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)"},{"link_name":"Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar"},{"link_name":"Burma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_campaign"},{"link_name":"British Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhodesie_Sud_timbre_1drouge_041947.jpg"},{"link_name":"postage stamp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamp"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Salisbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury,_Southern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"University of Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"University of Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zimbabwe"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"sub_title":"Century up to independence","text":"The territory north of the Zambezi was the subject of separate treaties with African chiefs: today, it forms the country of Zambia. The first BSAC Administrator for the western part was appointed for Barotseland in 1897 and for the whole of North-Western Rhodesia in 1900. The first BSAC Administrator for the eastern part, North-Eastern Rhodesia, was appointed in 1895.[8][9] The whites in the territory south of the river paid it scant regard though, and generally used the name \"Rhodesia\" in a narrow sense to mean their part. The designation \"Southern Rhodesia\" was first used officially in 1898 in the Southern Rhodesia Order in Council of 20 October 1898, which applied to the area south of the Zambezi,[10] and was more common after the BSAC merged the administration of the two northern territories as Northern Rhodesia in 1911.White settlers in Southern Rhodesia, 1922As a result of the various treaties between the BSAC and the black tribes, Acts of Parliament delineating BSAC and Crown Lands, overlapping British colonial commission authority of both areas, the rights of the increasing number of British settlers and their descendants were given secondary review by authorities. This resulted in the formation of new movements for expanding the self-government of the Rhodesian people which saw BSAC rule as an impediment to further expansion.The Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election of 1920 returned a large majority of candidates of the Responsible Government Association and it became clear that BSAC rule was no longer practical. Opinion in the United Kingdom and South Africa favoured incorporation of Southern Rhodesia in the Union of South Africa, but, by forcing the pace of negotiation, the Southern Rhodesians obtained unfavourable terms and the electorate backed Responsible Government in a 1922 referendum.In view of the outcome of the referendum, the territory was annexed by the United Kingdom on 12 September 1923.[11][12][13][14] Shortly after annexation, on 1 October 1923, the first constitution for the new Colony of Southern Rhodesia came into force.[15][13] Under this constitution Sir Charles Coghlan became the first Premier of First Cabinet of Southern Rhodesia and upon his death in 1927 he was succeeded by Howard Unwin Moffat.During World War II, Southern Rhodesian military units participated on the side of the United Kingdom. Southern Rhodesian forces were involved on many fronts including the East and North African campaigns, Italy, Madagascar and Burma. Southern Rhodesian forces had the highest loss ratio of any constituent element, colony, dependency or dominion of the British Empire forces during World War II. Additionally, the Rhodesian pilots earned the highest number of decorations and ace appellations of any group within the Empire. This resulted in the Royal Family paying an unusual state visit to the colony at the end of the war to thank the Rhodesian people.A postage stamp commemorating the royal visit of 1947Economically, Southern Rhodesia developed an economy that was narrowly based on production of a few primary products, notably, chrome and tobacco. It was therefore vulnerable to the economic cycle. The deep recession of the 1930s gave way to a post-war boom. This boom prompted the immigration of about 200,000 white settlers between 1945 and 1970, taking the white population up to 307,000. A large number of these immigrants were of British working-class origin. The black population was about 6 million.[16]In the 1940s, the founding of a university to serve central African countries was proposed. Such a university was eventually established in Salisbury, with funding provided by the British and Southern Rhodesian governments and some private sources. One condition of British funding was that student admission should be based on \"academic achievement and good character\" with no racial distinction. University College of Rhodesia (UCR) received its first intake of students in 1952. Until 1971 it awarded degrees of the Universities of London and Birmingham. In 1971 UCR became the University of Rhodesia and began awarding its own degrees. In 1980 it was renamed the University of Zimbabwe.[17]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhodesialand.png"},{"link_name":"Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland"},{"link_name":"Central African Federation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Federation"},{"link_name":"Northern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Nyasaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyasaland"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe"},{"link_name":"Zambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"},{"link_name":"Malawi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland"},{"link_name":"Nyasaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyasaland"},{"link_name":"Northern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"black nationalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_nationalism"},{"link_name":"Zambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"},{"link_name":"Kariba Dam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariba_Dam"},{"link_name":"hydroelectric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectric"},{"link_name":"Zambezi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambezi"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"1953–1965","text":"Land apportionment in Rhodesia in 1965In 1953, with calls for independence mounting in many of its African possessions, the United Kingdom created the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (or the Central African Federation, CAF), which consisted of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi, respectively). The idea was to try to steer a middle road between the differing aspirations of the black nationalists, the colonial administration and the white settler population. The CAF sought to emulate the experience of Australia, Canada and South Africa – wherein groups of colonies had been federated together to form viable independent nations. Originally designed to be \"an indissoluble federation\", the CAF quickly started to unravel due to the low proportion of British and other white citizens in relation to the larger black populations. Additionally, by incorporating the tribes within the Federation as potential citizens, the Federation created the paradoxical situation of having a white elite owning most of the land and capital, whilst being completely dependent upon cheap black labour.[citation needed]The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved on 1 January 1964. However, it was expected that only Nyasaland would be let go, whilst the remainder of Rhodesia both north and south would be united. Although Northern Rhodesia had a white population of over 100,000, as well as additional British military and civil units and their dependents, most of these were relatively new to the region, were primarily in the extraction business, had little landed interests, and were more amenable to allowing black nationalism than the Southern Rhodesians. Accordingly, Britain granted independence to Northern Rhodesia on 24 October 1964. However, when the new nationalists changed its name to Zambia and began tentatively at first and later in rapid march an Africanisation campaign, Southern Rhodesia remained a British colony, resisting attempts to bring in majority rule. The colony attempted to change its name to Rhodesia although this was not recognised by the United Kingdom. The majority of the Federation's military and financial assets went to Southern Rhodesia, since the British Government did not wish to see them fall into the hands of the nationalist leaders, and since Southern Rhodesia had borne the major expenses of running the Federation. With regard to the latter, however, Northern Rhodesia was the wealthiest of the three member states (due to its vast copper mines) and had contributed more to the overall building of infrastructure than the other two members did. Southern Rhodesia, recognising an inevitable dissolution of the Federation, was quick to use federal funds in building its infrastructure ahead of the others. A key component of this was the building of the Kariba Dam and its hydroelectric facility (shafts, control centre, etc.), which was situated on the Southern Rhodesian side of the Zambezi Gorge. This situation caused some embarrassment for the Zambian government later when it was a \"front line state\" in support of insurgents into Rhodesia in that its major source of electric power was controlled by the Rhodesian state.[citation needed]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"unilaterally declared itself independent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Ian Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Smith"},{"link_name":"a long civil war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Chimurenga"},{"link_name":"Soviet Bloc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Bloc"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_People%27s_Revolutionary_Army"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army"},{"link_name":"Internal Settlement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Settlement"},{"link_name":"general election a year later","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_general_election"},{"link_name":"Lancaster House Agreement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe"}],"sub_title":"Return to \"Rhodesia\"","text":"With the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia no longer in existence, in 1964, Southern Rhodesia reverted to the name Rhodesia (see next section).In 1965, Rhodesia unilaterally declared itself independent under a white-dominated government led by Ian Smith. After a long civil war ensued between the white (until 1979) government and two African majority, Soviet Bloc-aligned 'liberation movements' (Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army and Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army). The Salisbury government, realizing the situation was untenable, and facing strong international pressure, concluded the Internal Settlement with black nationalist leaders in March 1978. A general election a year later resulted in the creation of a unity government, which in December 1979 concluded the Lancaster House Agreement, whereby Britain resumed control of the country for a brief period before granting independence to the renamed Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Northern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SR_IS_Press-22"},{"link_name":"royal assent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_assent"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Order-in-Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-in-Council"},{"link_name":"outside the powers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_vires"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Palley-23"},{"link_name":"1965 Queen's Birthday Honours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Queen%27s_Birthday_Honours"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Unilateral Declaration of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence_(Rhodesia)"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IECL-25"},{"link_name":"Southern Rhodesia Act 1965","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_Act_1965"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IECL-25"},{"link_name":"Lancaster House Agreement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement"},{"link_name":"Lord Soames","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Soames"},{"link_name":"Sir Antony Duff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Duff"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"}],"sub_title":"Legal aspects of the name since 1964","text":"On 7 October 1964, the Southern Rhodesian government announced that when Northern Rhodesia achieved independence as Zambia, the Southern Rhodesian government would officially become known as the Rhodesian Government and the colony would become known as Rhodesia.[18]On 23 October of that year, the Minister of Internal Affairs notified the press that the Constitution would be amended to make this official. The Legislative Assembly then passed an Interpretation Bill to declare that the colony could be referred to as Rhodesia. The Bill received its third reading on 9 December 1964, and passed to the Governor for royal assent.[citation needed]However, no royal assent was granted to the Bill. Section 3 of the Southern Rhodesia (Annexation) Order 1923 provided that Southern Rhodesia \"shall be known as the Colony of Southern Rhodesia\" and the Southern Rhodesia (Constitution) Act 1961 and the Order-in-Council which followed it both referred to it as such. The country's name had been agreed previously by both Southern Rhodesia and the United Kingdom, and it was therefore outside the powers of Southern Rhodesian institutions to amend them unilaterally.[19] Notwithstanding the Governor's lack of assent to the Interpretation Bill the United Kingdom's Colonial Office was, by 1965, officially using the name \"Rhodesia\" in British Government-issued Gazettes of the period (for instance see: The 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours of 12 June 1965).[20]The Rhodesian government, which had begun using the new name anyway, did not press the issue. The Unilateral Declaration of Independence, adopted on 11 November 1965, was in the name of \"Rhodesia\", which remained unchanged by the declaration of a republic in 1970, the title of the republican constitution of 1969, like the constitution before it, being \"Constitution of Rhodesia\".[21]While the new name was widely used, 'Southern Rhodesia' remained the colony's formal name in United Kingdom constitutional theory: for example, the Act passed by the United Kingdom Parliament declaring the independence a legal nullity was entitled the Southern Rhodesia Act 1965.[21]Following the signing of the Lancaster House Agreement, the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Southern Rhodesia Constitution (Interim Provisions) Order 1979, establishing the offices of Governor and Deputy Governor of Southern Rhodesia, filled by Lord Soames and Sir Antony Duff respectively.[22]The new Governor arrived in Salisbury on 12 December 1979, and on that day the Parliament of Zimbabwe Rhodesia handed power over to him by passing the Constitution of Zimbabwe Rhodesia (Amendment) (No. 4) Act, declaring that \"Zimbabwe Rhodesia shall cease to be an independent State and become part of Her Majesty's dominions\". After elections in February 1980, the colony ceased to exist when the new country of Zimbabwe became independent at midnight on 17 April 1980.[23]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"List of chief justices of Southern Rhodesia:","title":"Judiciary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A History of Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/historyofrhodesi00blak"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-394-48068-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-48068-6"}],"text":"Shutt, Allison K. (2015). Manners Make a Nation: Racial Etiquette in Southern Rhodesia, 1910–1963. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.\nBlake, Robert (1978). A History of Rhodesia. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-48068-6.","title":"Bibliography"}]
[{"image_text":"Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902), Founding chairman of the board of directors of De Beers Mining Company, funded by Nathaniel, 1st Lord Rothschild[5][6]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg/220px-Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg"},{"image_text":"White settlers in Southern Rhodesia, 1922","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/BSAC_settlers_Southern_Rhodesia.jpg/220px-BSAC_settlers_Southern_Rhodesia.jpg"},{"image_text":"A postage stamp commemorating the royal visit of 1947","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rhodesie_Sud_timbre_1drouge_041947.jpg/220px-Rhodesie_Sud_timbre_1drouge_041947.jpg"},{"image_text":"Land apportionment in Rhodesia in 1965","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rhodesialand.png/220px-Rhodesialand.png"}]
[{"title":"Administrative posts of the British South Africa Company in Southern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_posts_of_the_British_South_Africa_Company_in_Southern_Rhodesia"},{"title":"Albert John Lutuli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lutuli"},{"title":"Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland"},{"title":"History of Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Zimbabwe"},{"title":"List of presidents of Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Zimbabwe"},{"title":"President of Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Rhodesia"},{"title":"Southern Rhodesia in World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_I"},{"title":"Tati Concessions Land","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tati_Concessions_Land"},{"title":"Matebeleland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matebeleland"},{"title":"Bechuanaland Protectorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate"}]
[{"reference":"\"Census of the British empire. 1901\". Openlibrary.org. 1906. p. 177. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030396067#page/n243/mode/2up","url_text":"\"Census of the British empire. 1901\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160315035638/https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030396067#page/n243/mode/2up","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Southern Rhodesia Act 1965\". legislation.gov.uk. 1965. Retrieved 5 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/76/enacted","url_text":"\"Southern Rhodesia Act 1965\""}]},{"reference":"\"Southern Rhodesia Act 1979\". legislation.gov.uk. 1979. Retrieved 5 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1979/52/introduction","url_text":"\"Southern Rhodesia Act 1979\""}]},{"reference":"\"Our History\". Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.debeersgroup.com/the-group/our-history","url_text":"\"Our History\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190301155724/https://www.debeersgroup.com/the-group/our-history","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"The Business ‹ Private clients :: The Rothschild Archive\". Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rothschildarchive.org/business/rothschild_clients/","url_text":"\"The Business ‹ Private clients :: The Rothschild Archive\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181027061553/https://www.rothschildarchive.org/business/rothschild_clients/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Farwell, Byron (2001). The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 539. ISBN 0-393-04770-9. Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=m-XpP_pdANcC&q=Cecil+Rhodes+boldly+walked+unarmed&pg=PA539","url_text":"The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04770-9","url_text":"0-393-04770-9"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140708015051/http://books.google.com/books?visbn=0393047709&id=m-XpP_pdANcC&pg=PA539&lpg=PA539&ots=XHkbH7K9Em&dq=Cecil+Rhodes+boldly+walked+unarmed&sig=dVixJwT8o4WckD9Dvz2C_Vfz3X8","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Southern Rhodesia Order in Council\" (PDF). rhodesia.me.uk. 1898. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002814/http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/documents/OrderInCouncil1898.pdf","url_text":"\"Southern Rhodesia Order in Council\""},{"url":"http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/documents/OrderInCouncil1898.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"A Split in Rhodesia Ranks\". New York Times. 3 July 1977. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A05E0D71F30E03ABC4B53DFB166838C669EDE","url_text":"\"A Split in Rhodesia Ranks\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times","url_text":"New York Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160305060450/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A05E0D71F30E03ABC4B53DFB166838C669EDE","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"History of the University of Zimbabwe\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070615073902/http://www.uz.ac.zw/admini/registry/downloads/00-Prelims1a-Historical%20.pdf","url_text":"\"History of the University of Zimbabwe\""},{"url":"http://www.uz.ac.zw/admini/registry/downloads/00-Prelims1a-Historical%20.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Palley, Claire (1966). The Constitutional History and Law of Southern Rhodesia. Oxford University Press. pp. 742–3.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Heroes: the underground railroad in Rhodesia\". Vukutu. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.vukutu.com/blog/2009/12/heroes-the-underground-railroad-in-rhodesia/","url_text":"\"Heroes: the underground railroad in Rhodesia\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111519/http://www.vukutu.com/blog/2009/12/heroes-the-underground-railroad-in-rhodesia/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Shutt, Allison K. (2015). Manners Make a Nation: Racial Etiquette in Southern Rhodesia, 1910–1963. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Blake, Robert (1978). A History of Rhodesia. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-48068-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/historyofrhodesi00blak","url_text":"A History of Rhodesia"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-48068-6","url_text":"0-394-48068-6"}]},{"reference":"Hillier, Alfred Peter; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). \"Rhodesia\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. 1004–1008.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Peter_Hillier","url_text":"Hillier, Alfred Peter"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rhodesia","url_text":"\"Rhodesia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]},{"reference":"Cana, Frank Richardson (1922). \"Rhodesia\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). pp. 269–273.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rhodesia","url_text":"\"Rhodesia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Harare
Archbishop of Harare
["1 History","2 List of Ordinaries","3 See also","4 References"]
The Archbishop of Harare heads the Roman Catholic Metropolitan See for Zimbabwe. In 2004, the number of Roman Catholics in the archdiocese was estimated as 483,293 (from a total population of 4,866,000), and they were served by 124 priests. There are three suffragan dioceses, Chinhoyi, Gokwe and Mutare. The present archbishop is Archbishop Robert Ndlovu. History A mission sui iuris of Zambese (in Latin, Zambesia) was erected on 2 July 1879. On 9 March 1915, this was elevated to the Prefecture Apostolic of Zambese, and on 14 July 1927 the name was changed to the Prefecture Apostolic of Salisbury (in Latin, Salisburiensis). On 3 March 1931, this was again elevated to become the Vicariate Apostolic of Salisbury. On 1 January 1955, the Archdiocese of Salisbury was instituted as the Metropolitan See for Rhodesia. In 1973, territory was lost when the Prefecture Apostolic of Sinoia was erected. On 25 June 1982, the name of the Archdiocese was changed from Salisbury to Harare. List of Ordinaries Ricardo Sykes, S.J. (1915 Appointed - 1918 Died) Edoardo Parry, S.J. (1918 Appointed - 1922 Died) Roberto Brown, S.J. (1922 Appointed - 1929 Died) Aston Sebastian Joseph Chichester, S.J. (4 Mar 1931 Appointed - 23 Nov 1956 Retired) Francis William Markall, S.J. (23 Nov 1956 Succeeded - 31 May 1976 Resigned) Patrick Fani Chakaipa (31 May 1976 Appointed - 8 Apr 2003 Died) Robert Christopher Ndlovu (10 Jun 2004 Appointed - present) See also Zimbabwe Catholic Church Lists of office-holders References Harare at catholic-hierarchy.org This Catholic Church–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This Zimbabwe-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roman Catholics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"Chinhoyi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinhoyi"},{"link_name":"Gokwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gokwe"},{"link_name":"Mutare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutare"},{"link_name":"Archbishop Robert Ndlovu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ndlovu"}],"text":"In 2004, the number of Roman Catholics in the archdiocese was estimated as 483,293 (from a total population of 4,866,000), and they were served by 124 priests.There are three suffragan dioceses, Chinhoyi, Gokwe and Mutare.The present archbishop is Archbishop Robert Ndlovu.","title":"Archbishop of Harare"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sui iuris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui_iuris"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan See","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_See"},{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia"}],"text":"A mission sui iuris of Zambese (in Latin, Zambesia) was erected on 2 July 1879. On 9 March 1915, this was elevated to the Prefecture Apostolic of Zambese, and on 14 July 1927 the name was changed to the Prefecture Apostolic of Salisbury (in Latin, Salisburiensis). On 3 March 1931, this was again elevated to become the Vicariate Apostolic of Salisbury.On 1 January 1955, the Archdiocese of Salisbury was instituted as the Metropolitan See for Rhodesia.In 1973, territory was lost when the Prefecture Apostolic of Sinoia was erected.On 25 June 1982, the name of the Archdiocese was changed from Salisbury to Harare.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ricardo Sykes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Sykes&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Edoardo Parry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoardo_Parry"},{"link_name":"Roberto Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Brown_(Roman_Catholic_bishop)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Aston Sebastian Joseph Chichester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Chichester"},{"link_name":"Francis William Markall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Markall"},{"link_name":"Patrick Fani Chakaipa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Fani_Chakaipa"},{"link_name":"Robert Christopher Ndlovu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ndlovu"}],"text":"Ricardo Sykes, S.J. (1915 Appointed - 1918 Died)\nEdoardo Parry, S.J. (1918 Appointed - 1922 Died)\nRoberto Brown, S.J. (1922 Appointed - 1929 Died)\nAston Sebastian Joseph Chichester, S.J. (4 Mar 1931 Appointed - 23 Nov 1956 Retired)\nFrancis William Markall, S.J. (23 Nov 1956 Succeeded - 31 May 1976 Resigned)\nPatrick Fani Chakaipa (31 May 1976 Appointed - 8 Apr 2003 Died)\nRobert Christopher Ndlovu (10 Jun 2004 Appointed - present)","title":"List of Ordinaries"}]
[]
[{"title":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe"},{"title":"Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church"},{"title":"Lists of office-holders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_office-holders"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Police
Prefecture of Police
["1 See also","2 References"]
This article is about law enforcement in France. For the law enforcement agencies in Japan, see Prefectural police. In France, a Prefecture of Police (French: Préfecture de police), headed by the Prefect of Police (Préfet de police), is an agency of the Government of France under the administration of the Ministry of the Interior. Part of the National Police, it provides a police force for an area limited by department borders. As of 2012, two such prefectures exist: The Paris Police Prefecture, created in 1800 The Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefecture, created in 2012 See also Prefectures in France References ^ "Police : une préfecture pour les Bouches-du-Rhône", Europe 1, 6 September 2012 (in French). vteLaw enforcement in FranceNational Gendarmerie Departmental Gendarmerie Mobile Gendarmerie Republican Guard Air Gendarmerie Air Transport Gendarmerie Maritime Gendarmerie GIGN Security Group for the Presidency of the Republic National Police Co-ordination Unit of the Fight against Terrorism Central Directorate of Border Police Central Directorate of the Judicial Police Central Directorate of Public Security National Police Intervention Groups Research and Intervention Brigades Banditry Repression Brigades National Police Intervention Force Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefecture Protection Service Republican Security Companies RAID Other General Directorate for Internal Security Paris Police Prefecture Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes National Forests Office Municipal Police Rural Guard/Rural Police Police ranks of France
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Prefectural police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectural_police"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"},{"link_name":"Government of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_France"},{"link_name":"Ministry of the Interior","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)"},{"link_name":"National Police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Police_(France)"},{"link_name":"police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police"},{"link_name":"department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_France"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Paris Police Prefecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Police_Prefecture"},{"link_name":"Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne_Police_Prefecture"}],"text":"This article is about law enforcement in France. For the law enforcement agencies in Japan, see Prefectural police.In France, a Prefecture of Police (French: Préfecture de police), headed by the Prefect of Police (Préfet de police), is an agency of the Government of France under the administration of the Ministry of the Interior. Part of the National Police, it provides a police force for an area limited by department borders. As of 2012, two such prefectures exist:[1]The Paris Police Prefecture, created in 1800\nThe Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefecture, created in 2012","title":"Prefecture of Police"}]
[]
[{"title":"Prefectures in France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_in_France"}]
[]
[{"Link":"https://www.europe1.fr/societe/Police-une-prefecture-pour-les-Bouches-du-Rhone-898516","external_links_name":"\"Police : une préfecture pour les Bouches-du-Rhône\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%27s_67th_State_Assembly_district
New York's 67th State Assembly district
["1 Geography","2 Recent election results","2.1 2022","2.2 2020","2.3 2018","2.4 2016","2.5 2014","2.6 2012","2.7 2010","2.8 2008","3 References"]
American legislative district New York's 67thState Assembly districtAssemblymember  Linda RosenthalD–Upper West Side New York's 67th State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Democrat Linda Rosenthal since 2006, replacing Scott Stringer. Geography District 67 is located in Manhattan, comprising portions of the Upper West Side and Hell's Kitchen. Lincoln Center and a portion of Central Park is within this district. Recent election results 2022 2022 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal 36,947 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 3,877 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 40,824 98.8 Write-in 514 1.2 Total votes 41,338 100.0 Democratic hold 2020 2020 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal 50,887 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 6,996 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 57,883 96.2 Write-in Adam Herbst 1,356 2.3 Write-in 915 1.5 Total votes 60,154 100.0 Democratic hold 2018 2018 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal 46,981 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 2,787 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 49,768 99.2 Write-in 390 0.8 Total votes 50,158 100.0 Democratic hold 2016 2016 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Primary election Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 8,055 96.0 Democratic Eugene Byrne 295 3.5 Write-in 37 0.5 Total votes 8,387 100.0 General election Democratic Linda Rosenthal 50,070 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 2,412 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 52,482 86.0 Republican Hyman Drusin 8,321 Reform Hyman Drusin 189 Total Hyman Drusin 8,510 13.9 Write-in 76 0.1 Total votes 61,068 100.0 Democratic hold 2014 2014 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal 19,768 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 3,808 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 23,576 99.5 Write-in 125 0.5 Total votes 23,697 100.0 Democratic hold 2012 2012 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal 41,199 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 1,993 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 43,192 94.8 Green Julia Willebrand 2,298 5.0 Write-in 64 0.2 Total votes 45,554 100.0 Democratic hold 2010 2010 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal 28,712 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 3,571 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 32,283 99.8 Write-in 71 0.2 Total votes 32,354 100.0 Democratic hold 2008 2008 New York State Assembly election, District 67 Party Candidate Votes % Democratic Linda Rosenthal 44,522 Working Families Linda Rosenthal 2,241 Total Linda Rosenthal (incumbent) 46,763 84.1 Republican Eleanor Friedman 8,820 15.9 Write-in 4 0.0 Total votes 55,587 100.0 Democratic hold References ^ Jonathan, Hicks (March 1, 2006). "Nadler Aide Wins Seat in Assembly" – via NYTimes.com. ^ "Linda D. Rosenthal - Assembly District 67". nyassembly.gov. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ "General Election 2022 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved January 11, 2023. ^ "General Election 2020 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ Saltonstall, Gus (December 2, 2020). "How An UWS Resident Got The Most Write-In Votes In The City" – via patch.com. ^ "General Election 2018 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ "Primary Election 2016 - Democratic Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ "General Election 2016 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ "General Election 2014 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ "General Election 2012 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ "General Election 2010 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. ^ "General Election 2008 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022. vteNew York State Legislature districtsSenate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Assembly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Linda Rosenthal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Rosenthal"},{"link_name":"Scott Stringer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Stringer"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"New York's 67th State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Democrat Linda Rosenthal since 2006, replacing Scott Stringer.[1]","title":"New York's 67th State Assembly district"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"},{"link_name":"Upper West Side","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_West_Side"},{"link_name":"Hell's Kitchen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen"},{"link_name":"Lincoln Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Center"},{"link_name":"Central Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"District 67 is located in Manhattan, comprising portions of the Upper West Side and Hell's Kitchen. Lincoln Center and a portion of Central Park is within this district.[2]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2022","title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2020","title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2018","title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2016","title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2014","title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2012","title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2010","title":"Recent election results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2008","title":"Recent election results"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Jonathan, Hicks (March 1, 2006). \"Nadler Aide Wins Seat in Assembly\" – via NYTimes.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/nyregion/nadler-aide-wins-seat-in-assembly.html","url_text":"\"Nadler Aide Wins Seat in Assembly\""}]},{"reference":"\"Linda D. Rosenthal - Assembly District 67\". nyassembly.gov. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Linda-B-Rosenthal/office/","url_text":"\"Linda D. Rosenthal - Assembly District 67\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2022 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved January 11, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/pdf/election_results/2022/20221108General%20Election/00102000067New%20York%20Member%20of%20the%20Assembly%2067th%20Assembly%20District%20Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2022 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2020 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/pdf/election_results/2020/20201103General%20Election/00100600067New%20York%20Member%20of%20the%20Assembly%2067th%20Assembly%20District%20Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2020 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"Saltonstall, Gus (December 2, 2020). \"How An UWS Resident Got The Most Write-In Votes In The City\" – via patch.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://patch.com/new-york/upper-west-side-nyc/how-uws-resident-got-most-write-votes-city","url_text":"\"How An UWS Resident Got The Most Write-In Votes In The City\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2018 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/pdf/election_results/2018/20181106General%20Election/00102300067New%20York%20Member%20of%20the%20Assembly%2067th%20Assembly%20District%20Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2018 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"\"Primary Election 2016 - Democratic Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/pdf/election_results/2016/20160913Primary%20Election/01102300067New%20York%20Democratic%20Member%20of%20the%20Assembly%2067th%20Assembly%20District%20Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"Primary Election 2016 - Democratic Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2016 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/pdf/election_results/2016/20161108General%20Election/00102300067New%20York%20Member%20of%20the%20Assembly%2067th%20Assembly%20District%20Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2016 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2014 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/election_results/2014/20141104General%20Election/00102300067New%20York%20Member%20of%20the%20Assembly%2067th%20Assembly%20District%20Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2014 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2012 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/results/2012/GeneralElection/0000220671New%20York%20Member%20of%20the%20Assembly%2067th%20Assembly%20District%20Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2012 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2010 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/results/2010/General/21.1NewYork67AssemblyRecap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2010 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]},{"reference":"\"General Election 2008 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved November 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vote.nyc/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/results/2008/general/1.31NewYorkAssembly67_Recap.pdf","url_text":"\"General Election 2008 - Member of the Assembly - 67th Assembly District\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_MAX
Max (comics)
["1 History","2 Criticism","3 Titles","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
Imprint of Marvel Comics MAX ComicsThe logo utilized for Marvel MAX ComicsParent companyMarvel ComicsFounded2001Country of originUnited StatesHeadquarters locationNew York City, New YorkKey peopleJoe QuesadaAxel AlonsoPublication typesComics MAX Comics is an imprint of Marvel Comics specializing in comic book media aimed at adult-only readers. It was launched in 2001 after Marvel broke with the Comics Code Authority and established its own rating system. History The MAX Comics imprint is not Marvel's first effort to feature explicit content in their titles. The company's Epic Comics imprint in the 1980s and early 1990s often featured stronger content than their mainstream imprint. However, the MAX Comics imprint is the first time Marvel has specifically produced comics with uncensored content. The first series to be published under the Max imprint was Alias, written by Brian Michael Bendis. Several limited series were then created specially for the Max imprint, such as Apache Skies and Haunt of Horror, but the majority of its publications were based around existing Marvel characters, such as Howard the Duck and Devil-Slayer. One Marvel character who was revived by Max was Rawhide Kid who in 2002 became the first openly gay Marvel comic book character to star in his own magazine. The first edition of the Rawhide Kid's saga was called Slap Leather. According to a CNN.com article, "The new series pairs the original artist, John Severin, now 86, with Ron Zimmerman, a television writer. Making the Rawhide Kid gay was Zimmerman's idea." The character's sexuality is conveyed indirectly, through euphemisms and puns, and the comic's style is campy. Conservative groups protested the gay take on the character, which they claimed would corrupt children, though the covers carried an "Adults only" label. Since 2012, the new works under the MAX imprint have been limited to the Punisher series. Marvel now portrays MAX as a rating indicating mature content, rather than a separate brand. The latest MAX issue (Get Fury #4) was published in October 2024 (cover date). Criticism While some works such as Alias have received acclaim, the imprint has attracted controversy, with some critics considering some of the titles to be gratuitous in its use of mature or vulgar content. Former Marvel president and chairman Stan Lee openly criticized the Max imprint. Referring to an incident of strangulation with intestines in the 2001 Fury miniseries, based on the character Nick Fury, whom he co-created, Lee said, "I don't know why they're doing that. I don't think that I would do those kinds of stories". Titles Alias #1-28 (2001) Apache Skies #1-4 (2002) Black Widow: Pale Little Spider #1-3 (2002) Blade #1-6 (2002) Born #1-4 (miniseries, 2003; Punisher MAX origin) Cage #1-5 (2002) Dead of Night featuring: Man-Thing #1-4 (miniseries, 2008) Devil-Slayer #1-4 (miniseries, 2008) Werewolf by Night #1-4 (miniseries, 2009) Deadpool MAX 1-12 (2010) Deadpool MAX II 1-6 (2011) Deadpool MAX X-Mas Special one-shot (2011) The Destroyer #1-5 (miniseries, 2009) Doctor Spectrum #1-6 (2004) Dominic Fortune #1-4 (2009) The Eternal #1-6 (2003) Fantomex #1-4 (2013) Foolkiller #1-5 (miniseries, 2007) Foolkiller: White Angels #1-5 (miniseries, 2008) Fury #1-6 (2001) Fury MAX #1-13, also known as Fury: My War Gone By (2012) Get Fury #1-4 (2024) Haunt of Horror: Edgar Allan Poe #1-3 (miniseries, 2006) H. P. Lovecraft #1-3 (miniseries, 2008) Hellstorm: Son of Satan #1-5 (2006) The Hood #1-6 (2002) Howard the Duck #1-6 (miniseries, 2002) The Punisher #1-65 (2003); later Punisher: Frank Castle MAX #66-75 (2008) Punisher MAX One-shots: Punisher: The End (2004) Punisher: The Cell (2005) Punisher: The Tyger (2006) Punisher MAX Annual (2007) Punisher: Force of Nature (2008) Punisher MAX Special: Little Black Book (2008) Punisher MAX X-Mas Special (2008) Punisher MAX: Naked Kill (2009) Punisher MAX: Get Castle (2009) Punisher MAX: Butterfly (2010) Punisher MAX: Happy Ending (2010) Punisher MAX: Hot Rods of Death (2010) Punisher MAX: Tiny Ugly World (2010) PunisherMax #1-22 (2009) Punisher MAX: The Platoon #1-6 (2017) Punisher: Soviet #1-6 (2019) The Punisher Presents: Barracuda MAX #1-5 (2007) Rawhide Kid #1-5 (2003) Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu #1-6 (2002) Starr the Slayer #1-4 (2009) Strange Tales II #1-3 (2010, only #1 is under the MAX label, #2-3 are Marvel Knights) Supreme Power #1-18 (moved to the normal Marvel Comics imprint in 2006 under the name of its predecessor, Squadron Supreme) Supreme Power: Hyperion #1-5 (2005) Supreme Power: Nighthawk #1-6 (2005) Supreme Power vol. 2 #1-4 (2011) Terror Inc. #1-5 (miniseries, 2007) Terror, Inc. - Apocalypse Soon #1-4 (2009) Thor: Vikings #1-5 (miniseries, 2003) U.S. War Machine #1-12 (2001) U.S. War Machine 2.0 #1-3 (2003) Untold Tales of Punisher Max #1-5 (2012) War is Hell: The First Flight of the Phantom Eagle #1-5 (2008) Wisdom #1-6 (2007) Wolverine MAX #1-15 (2012) X-Men: Phoenix - Legacy of Fire #1-3 (only issues #2-3 are under the MAX label, 2003) Zombie #1-4 (miniseries, 2006) The Zombie: Simon Garth #1-4 (miniseries, 2007) MAX Ant-Man and Deathlok miniseries were both solicited, but were cancelled before their release. Some of the titles such as Alias, The Hood, Wisdom, Thor: Vikings and Apache Skies are considered part of Earth-616, the main Marvel Universe, while others like Punisher MAX, Wolverine MAX, Fury, Deadpool MAX and Foolkiller take place in alternate universes. See also Marvel Knights, similar Marvel Comics' former mature-readers imprint DC Black Label, DC Comics' current mature-readers imprint Vertigo, DC Comics' former mature-readers imprint References ^ "Entertainment News, Celebrity and Pop Culture - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ Jonah Weiland (July 5, 2001). "Marvel's New Ratings System... Explained!". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved February 8, 2011. ^ Lee, Stan; Quesada, Joe (2008). Marvel Chronicle: A Year by Year History. London: DK Publishing. p. 307. ISBN 978-0756641238. ^ Comic Book First: Gay Gunslinger, CBS News, 2002-12-11, retrieved 2009-03-21 ^ a b c "Marvel Comics to unveil gay gunslinger", CNN, 2002-12-09, archived from the original on 2009-02-28, retrieved 2009-03-21 ^ Palmer, Joe (2006-10-16), Gay Comics 101, AfterElton.com, archived from the original on 2009-03-22, retrieved 2009-03-21 ^ James Adams, "Code Red in the New Comicdom", The Globe and Mail, May 2, 2002, p. R9 ^ "Aguirre-Sacasa talks "Dead of Night featuring Man-Thing"". Comic Book Resources. 13 February 2008. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "WW Philly: Devil-Slayer Returns in "Dead of Night"". Comic Book Resources. 31 May 2008. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "Warren Simons & Brian Keene On Max's Devil-Slayer". Newsarama.com. 2008-06-03. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "Swierczynski on "Werweolf By Night"". Comic Book Resources. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators". Maelmill-insi.de. 2015-06-28. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "NYCC: Kirkman Talks "Destroyer MAX"". Comic Book Resources. 19 April 2008. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "NYCC '08: ROBERT KIRKMAN ON DESTROYER MAX". Archived from the original on November 26, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2009. ^ Ekstrom, Steve (July 13, 2009). "Return to Fortune: Chaykin on Dominic Fortune MAX". Newsarama. Retrieved September 26, 2009. ^ "Max'ing Out the Future: Axel Alonso Talks Marvel Max - Newsarama". Archived from the original on May 19, 2009. Retrieved September 26, 2009. ^ "Gregg Hurwitz Talks Foolkiller - Newsarama". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved September 26, 2009. ^ Haunt of Horror: Edgar Allan Poe at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original) ^ "Corben and Lovecraft at Marvel in June - Newsarama". Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2008. ^ "Shout at the Devil: Irvine talks "Son of Satan"". Comic Book Resources. 2 June 2006. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2009-09-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Heroes Con '09: Marvel's Starr the Slayer Returns". Newsarama.com. 2009-06-19. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "HeroesCon: Way & Corben Talk "Starr the Slayer"". Comic Book Resources. 20 June 2009. Retrieved 2016-02-22. ^ "Nick Lowe on Marvel Max's War is Hell Series - Newsarama". Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2008. ^ "/404". Archived from the original on March 11, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2008. ^ Singh, Arune (June 2, 2006). "Marvel Fanboys: Mike Raichit Talks 'Zombie'". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2009-03-11. External links MAX at the Grand Comics Database MAX at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original) vteMarvel Comics The Walt Disney Company since 2009 Disney Publishing Worldwide Publications Comics A Comics B–C Comics D–E Comics F–G Comics H–L Comics M Comics N–R Comics S Comics T–V Comics W–Z Timely and Atlas comics Current comics Universe Marvel Universe Multiverse Characters Crossovers Superhero debuts Teams and organizations Criminal organizations First appearances Features Alien races Monsters Marvel Index Official Handbook Lines and imprintsCurrent Marvel Press Disney joint Marvel Unlimited Ultimate Universe Defunct Amalgam DC Comics joint CrossGen Disney property Epic Icon Infinite Marvel 2099 Marvel Absurd Marvel Adventures/Marvel Age Marvel Books Marvel Comics 2 Marvel CyberComics Marvel Edge Marvel Graphic Novel Marvel Illustrated Marvel Knights Marvel Mangaverse Marvel Music (original) Marvel Next Marvel Noir Marvel UK MAX New Universe Paramount Razorline Star The End Tsunami Ultimate Marvel Reprints Essential Marvel Marvel Masterworks Marvel Omnibus Marvel Premiere Classic Marvel Ultimate Collection/Complete Collection, Complete Epic and Epic Collection Predecessors Timely Comics Magazine Management 1970s Atlas Comics Acquired characters Malibu Comics Aircel Comics Eternity Comics Adventure Publications Editors-in-chief /executive editors Joe Simon Stan Lee Vincent Fago Roy Thomas Len Wein Marv Wolfman Gerry Conway Archie Goodwin Jim Shooter Tom DeFalco Bob Harras Joe Quesada Axel Alonso C. B. Cebulski Adaptations Novels Films Television series Video games Role-playing games Unproduced adaptations films imprint films television Related Marvel Comics rating system Marvel No-Prize Marvel Super Hero Island People Funnies Inc. Kimble v. Marvel Walt Disney Studios Marvel Studios Marvel Entertainment Category
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"imprint","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)"},{"link_name":"Marvel Comics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics"},{"link_name":"Comics Code Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics_Code_Authority"},{"link_name":"its own rating system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Rating_System"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"MAX Comics is an imprint of Marvel Comics specializing in comic book media aimed at adult-only readers. It was launched in 2001 after Marvel broke with the Comics Code Authority and established its own rating system.[2]","title":"Max (comics)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Epic Comics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Comics"},{"link_name":"Alias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Brian Michael Bendis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Michael_Bendis"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Apache Skies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Skies"},{"link_name":"Howard the Duck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_the_Duck"},{"link_name":"Devil-Slayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil-Slayer"},{"link_name":"Rawhide Kid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawhide_Kid"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CNN_rawhide-5"},{"link_name":"John Severin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Severin"},{"link_name":"gay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CNN_rawhide-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CNN_rawhide-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-comics101-6"},{"link_name":"Punisher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punisher"},{"link_name":"cover date","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_date"}],"text":"The MAX Comics imprint is not Marvel's first effort to feature explicit content in their titles. The company's Epic Comics imprint in the 1980s and early 1990s often featured stronger content than their mainstream imprint. However, the MAX Comics imprint is the first time Marvel has specifically produced comics with uncensored content.The first series to be published under the Max imprint was Alias, written by Brian Michael Bendis.[3] Several limited series were then created specially for the Max imprint, such as Apache Skies and Haunt of Horror, but the majority of its publications were based around existing Marvel characters, such as Howard the Duck and Devil-Slayer.One Marvel character who was revived by Max was Rawhide Kid[4] who in 2002 became the first openly gay Marvel comic book character to star in his own magazine.[5] The first edition of the Rawhide Kid's saga was called Slap Leather. According to a CNN.com article, \"The new series pairs the original artist, John Severin, now 86, with Ron Zimmerman, a television writer. Making the Rawhide Kid gay was Zimmerman's idea.\"[5] The character's sexuality is conveyed indirectly, through euphemisms and puns, and the comic's style is campy.[5] Conservative groups protested the gay take on the character, which they claimed would corrupt children, though the covers carried an \"Adults only\" label.[6]Since 2012, the new works under the MAX imprint have been limited to the Punisher series. Marvel now portrays MAX as a rating indicating mature content, rather than a separate brand. The latest MAX issue (Get Fury #4) was published in October 2024 (cover date).","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Stan Lee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Lee"},{"link_name":"Fury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fury_(2001_series)#Reception"},{"link_name":"Nick Fury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Fury"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"While some works such as Alias have received acclaim, the imprint has attracted controversy, with some critics considering some of the titles to be gratuitous in its use of mature or vulgar content. Former Marvel president and chairman Stan Lee openly criticized the Max imprint. Referring to an incident of strangulation with intestines in the 2001 Fury miniseries, based on the character Nick Fury, whom he co-created, Lee said, \"I don't know why they're doing that. I don't think that I would do those kinds of stories\".[7]","title":"Criticism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Apache Skies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Skies"},{"link_name":"Black Widow: Pale Little Spider","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Widow:_Pale_Little_Spider"},{"link_name":"Blade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Born","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Punisher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Punisher_(2004_series)"},{"link_name":"Cage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(MAX)"},{"link_name":"Man-Thing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-Thing"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Devil-Slayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil-Slayer"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Werewolf by Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werewolf_by_Night"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Deadpool MAX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadpool"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Deadpool MAX II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadpool"},{"link_name":"Deadpool MAX X-Mas Special","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadpool"},{"link_name":"The Destroyer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyer_MAX"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Doctor Spectrum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Spectrum_(comic_book)"},{"link_name":"Dominic Fortune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Fortune"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"The Eternal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eternal_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Fantomex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantomex"},{"link_name":"Foolkiller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foolkiller#Mike_Trace"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Fury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fury_(2001_series)"},{"link_name":"Fury MAX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fury:_My_War_Gone_By"},{"link_name":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Hellstorm: Son of Satan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimon_Hellstrom#Other_versions"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Hood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hood_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Howard the Duck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_the_Duck"},{"link_name":"The Punisher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Punisher_(2004_series)"},{"link_name":"PunisherMax","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punisher_Max"},{"link_name":"Punisher MAX: The Platoon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punisher:_The_Platoon"},{"link_name":"Barracuda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barracuda_(Marvel_Comics)"},{"link_name":"Rawhide Kid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tombstone_Blues"},{"link_name":"Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang-Chi"},{"link_name":"Starr the Slayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starr_the_Slayer"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Strange Tales II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_Tales"},{"link_name":"Supreme Power","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Power"},{"link_name":"Marvel Comics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics"},{"link_name":"Supreme Power: Hyperion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Power:_Hyperion"},{"link_name":"Supreme Power: Nighthawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nighthawk_(Supreme_Power)#Supreme_Power:_Nighhawk"},{"link_name":"Supreme Power","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Power"},{"link_name":"Terror Inc.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terror_Inc._(MAX)"},{"link_name":"Thor: Vikings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor:_Vikings"},{"link_name":"U.S. War Machine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._War_Machine"},{"link_name":"War is Hell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_is_Hell_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Phantom Eagle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_Eagle"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PW021908-25"},{"link_name":"Wisdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdom_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Wolverine MAX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolverine_(comic_book)"},{"link_name":"X-Men: Phoenix - Legacy of Fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Men:_Phoenix_-_Legacy_of_Fire"},{"link_name":"Zombie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie_(comics)"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Ant-Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant-Man"},{"link_name":"Deathlok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathlok"},{"link_name":"Earth-616","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-616"},{"link_name":"Marvel Universe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Universe"}],"text":"Alias #1-28 (2001)\nApache Skies #1-4 (2002)\nBlack Widow: Pale Little Spider #1-3 (2002)\nBlade #1-6 (2002)\nBorn #1-4 (miniseries, 2003; Punisher MAX origin)\nCage #1-5 (2002)\nDead of Night featuring:\nMan-Thing #1-4 (miniseries, 2008)[8]\nDevil-Slayer #1-4 (miniseries, 2008)[9][10]\nWerewolf by Night #1-4 (miniseries, 2009)[11]\nDeadpool MAX 1-12 (2010)[12]\nDeadpool MAX II 1-6 (2011)\nDeadpool MAX X-Mas Special one-shot (2011)\nThe Destroyer #1-5 (miniseries, 2009)[13][14]\nDoctor Spectrum #1-6 (2004)\nDominic Fortune #1-4 (2009)[15]\nThe Eternal #1-6 (2003)\nFantomex #1-4 (2013)\nFoolkiller #1-5 (miniseries, 2007)[16][17]\nFoolkiller: White Angels #1-5 (miniseries, 2008)\nFury #1-6 (2001)\nFury MAX #1-13, also known as Fury: My War Gone By (2012)\nGet Fury #1-4 (2024)\nHaunt of Horror:\nEdgar Allan Poe #1-3 (miniseries, 2006)[18]\nH. P. Lovecraft #1-3 (miniseries, 2008)[19]\nHellstorm: Son of Satan #1-5 (2006)[20][21]\nThe Hood #1-6 (2002)\nHoward the Duck #1-6 (miniseries, 2002)\nThe Punisher #1-65 (2003); later Punisher: Frank Castle MAX #66-75 (2008)\nPunisher MAX One-shots:\nPunisher: The End (2004)\nPunisher: The Cell (2005)\nPunisher: The Tyger (2006)\nPunisher MAX Annual (2007)\nPunisher: Force of Nature (2008)\nPunisher MAX Special: Little Black Book (2008)\nPunisher MAX X-Mas Special (2008)\nPunisher MAX: Naked Kill (2009)\nPunisher MAX: Get Castle (2009)\nPunisher MAX: Butterfly (2010)\nPunisher MAX: Happy Ending (2010)\nPunisher MAX: Hot Rods of Death (2010)\nPunisher MAX: Tiny Ugly World (2010)\nPunisherMax #1-22 (2009)\nPunisher MAX: The Platoon #1-6 (2017)\nPunisher: Soviet #1-6 (2019)\nThe Punisher Presents: Barracuda MAX #1-5 (2007)\nRawhide Kid #1-5 (2003)\nShang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu #1-6 (2002)\nStarr the Slayer #1-4 (2009)[22][23]\nStrange Tales II #1-3 (2010, only #1 is under the MAX label, #2-3 are Marvel Knights)\nSupreme Power #1-18 (moved to the normal Marvel Comics imprint in 2006 under the name of its predecessor, Squadron Supreme)\nSupreme Power: Hyperion #1-5 (2005)\nSupreme Power: Nighthawk #1-6 (2005)\nSupreme Power vol. 2 #1-4 (2011)\nTerror Inc. #1-5 (miniseries, 2007)\nTerror, Inc. - Apocalypse Soon #1-4 (2009)\nThor: Vikings #1-5 (miniseries, 2003)\nU.S. War Machine #1-12 (2001)\nU.S. War Machine 2.0 #1-3 (2003)\nUntold Tales of Punisher Max #1-5 (2012)\nWar is Hell: The First Flight of the Phantom Eagle #1-5 (2008)[24][25]\nWisdom #1-6 (2007)\nWolverine MAX #1-15 (2012)\nX-Men: Phoenix - Legacy of Fire #1-3 (only issues #2-3 are under the MAX label, 2003)\nZombie #1-4 (miniseries, 2006)[26]\nThe Zombie: Simon Garth #1-4 (miniseries, 2007)MAX Ant-Man and Deathlok miniseries were both solicited, but were cancelled before their release.Some of the titles such as Alias, The Hood, Wisdom, Thor: Vikings and Apache Skies are considered part of Earth-616, the main Marvel Universe, while others like Punisher MAX, Wolverine MAX, Fury, Deadpool MAX and Foolkiller take place in alternate universes.","title":"Titles"}]
[]
[{"title":"Marvel Knights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Knights"},{"title":"DC Black Label","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Black_Label"},{"title":"Vertigo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertigo_(DC_Comics)"}]
[{"reference":"\"Entertainment News, Celebrity and Pop Culture - ABC News\". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2016-02-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=12539066","url_text":"\"Entertainment News, Celebrity and Pop Culture - ABC News\""}]},{"reference":"Jonah Weiland (July 5, 2001). \"Marvel's New Ratings System... Explained!\". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved February 8, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=24","url_text":"\"Marvel's New Ratings System... Explained!\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources","url_text":"Comic Book Resources"}]},{"reference":"Lee, Stan; Quesada, Joe (2008). Marvel Chronicle: A Year by Year History. London: DK Publishing. p. 307. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_%26_Remastered
Live & Remastered
["1 Background","2 Content","3 Release","4 Reception","5 Track listing","5.1 Disc one (Larry Levan)","5.2 Disc two (David Morales)","5.3 Disc three (Todd Terry)","5.4 Disc four (Kenny Carpenter)","5.5 Disc five (Justin Berkmann)","6 Chart positions","7 See also","8 References"]
2011 box set by Ministry of Sound Live & RemasteredBox set / live album by Larry Levan, David Morales, Todd Terry, Kenny Carpenter and Justin BerkmannReleased19 September 2011Recorded1991–1994VenueMinistry of Sound, LondonGenre House garage house Length347:18LabelMinistry of SoundProducer Larry Levan David Morales Todd Terry Kenny Carpenter Justin Berkmann Ministry of Sound anniversary compilations chronology XX: Twenty Years(2011) Live & Remastered(2011) XX: Volume 2(2012) Live & Remastered (subtitled 20th Anniversary Box Set) is a box set released by the record label of British nightclub Ministry of Sound in September 2011. It was released to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Ministry of Sound, as part of their 20:20 Project campaign, following the Ministry of Sound's foundation in 1991. Focusing on the early years of the club, the box set contains five discs, each an iconic DJ set performed live at the Ministry of Sound from 1991 to 1994. The DJ sets are mixed by New York DJ veterans Larry Levan, David Morales, Todd Terry, Kenny Carpenter and the club's British co-founder Justin Berkmann, each delivering their own house style. Between them, genres explored include deep house and garage house. The packaging for the set resembles a "flightcase" box, with all the CDs themselves in "record sleeves", whilst the discs themselves are made to look like actual vinyl LPs. In promotion of the album, a "megamix" of songs from the album was uploaded onto by YouTube by Ministry of Sound, whilst Factmag ran a competition in which free copies were given away. The album was critically well received, who applauded the album's coverage of both the club's early years and the work of the DJs themselves. Time Out New York said the music was "great, both as time capsules and as collections of beautiful dance music." The album peaked at number 50 on the UK Compilation Chart. Background London superclub Ministry of Sound celebrated its 20th anniversary in September 2011. In celebration, the club announced the 20:20 Project, which started in March with a multi-media exhibition about the nightclub. Further events include a three-day party in September, an international tour and the release of several commemorative DJ mix compilation albums aimed at different parts of the club's audience. They would release XX: Twenty Years, a four CD compilation of digitally mixed material, each disc covering at a different club night or compilation strand from the club's history, in November 2011, before a sequel album, XX Volume Two, was released in 2012. Although the XX compilations were aimed at fans throughout their era, their other 20:20 Project anniversary release, Live & Remastered, was aimed more so at earlier goers to the club in its early days. With one reviewer calling it among the club's only releases "aimed at true heads in years," the club sought to create a compilation featuring live mixes of DJs playing at the club from its early days. Many of the club's DJs recorded their sets onto Digital Audio Tape (DAT), and soon enough, the club had extensive recording archive. The club chose to cull several of classic, early DAT-recorded live mixes and remaster them for a new box set. It was decided the set would five different mixes over five discs, therefore being longer than either of the XX compilations, and also the club's previous three-disc anniversary mix albums, One Half of a Whole Decade (1996) and Fifteen Years (2006). Abi Long, Alaine Wingrove, Alex Sparks, Alice Schofield, Gavin Fraser and Sarah Ioannou are credited as the set's "co-ordinators" in the "this album was brought to you by..." section in the liner notes. Content Ministry of Sound, pictured in 2008. The set features five different, "iconic" DJ mix sets recorded live at the Ministry of Sound in the early 1990s; each mix by a different DJ, namely New York DJs Larry Levan, David Morales, Todd Terry, Kenny Carpenter and the club's British co-founder Justin Berkman, respectively. One reviewer noted the mixes date from 1991, whilst Fact Mag said the mixes date from 1990–1994, although the 1990 starting point is a mistake, the club having not opened until 1991. They had not been released before, and were only licensed and remastered for the box. All were recorded on DAT and culled from the club’s extensive recording archive. Bruce Tantum said the mixes were "lovingly restored", and called the set "something of a DJ-festishist's dream, as these sets—from the time when house was morphing from an underground cult genre to the sound of the dance floor—haven't been publicly aired since the time of their creation." Ministry of Sound tracked down the original license owners to the music on the album, described as "no mean feat in itself". Dance music veteran Larry Levan's mix, recorded in 1991 and comprising fourteen different tracks, was one of the most sought after recordings from the venue, and is said to showcase Levan's aesthetic perfectly: "heaps of soulful vocals and melodic chords proving the strong bond between soul, R&B, gospel and house in his sets." Colin Chapman of Planet Notion said that the mix "includes literally some of the fabric of house music’s defining sound." Among the material on the disc highlighted by reviewers are the piano house of the "Dub of Doom Mix" of "Love Me Forever or Love Me Not" by Trilogy, made up of members of C+C Music Factory, which is followed by two tracks from Italian house producers Soft House Company. After an extended breakdown, "I'll Be Your Friend" by Robert Owens "picks up the groove". Gary Hines' vocal and instrumental ensemble the Sounds of Blackness feature thereafter with "The Pressure". David Morales’ mix, recorded in the "most productive and most celebrated time" of his career, was noted by one critic for sharing similarities with Levan’s mix. Levan was one of the first to recognize Morales’ talents and the two played together regularly. However, Morales chooses tracks with a "tougher, more percussive edge" than on Levan's mix. Examples of tracks in the mix in this style include Black Sheep’s "Strobelight Honey" and Linden C.'s "Deep Beats Vol. 1". Those two tracks were pointed out by Patrice Knap of Laptop Rockers as examples of obscure tracks, who also noted "there are plenty of classics in the mix as well", naming the vocal-less version of Lil' Louis' "Club Lonely" and Inner City's "Pennies from Heaven" as examples. The end of mix include a "great choice of melodic cuts"; Degrees of Motions' "Do You Want It Right Now" and Chez Damier's "Can You Feel It". Terry's mix, as is his style to this day, leans heavily on his own productions. Among his own tracks included are "When You Hold Me" and "Hear the Music", the latter credited under the pseudonym Gypsyemen. Carpenter's mix is in a different style, opting for deep house music, including MK's "You Brought Me Love" and Underground Solution's "Luv Dancin'" in the mix, "with time out for a disco break via "Let's Start a Dance" from Bohannon." Berkmann's mix was said to feature "absolutely classic songs", including Earth People's "Reach Up to Mars", Murk's "thumping little mix" of Deee-Lite's "Pussycat Meow", Bobby Konders, and Coco Steel and Lovebomb. Release The packaging features a disc jockey motif, including imagery such as a DJ turntable like the one pictured. The packaging is unusual, in that the box itself containing the discs resembles a "flightcase" box that a DJ would carry vinyl records in, with all the CDs themselves in miniature "record sleeves". Completing this theme, the discs themselves are also made to look like actual vinyl LPs, and as such, they are coloured black with printed grooves. PopularUK created the "album cover" design and Eskimo Square are credited for the record box illustration, whilst the packaging concept was by Andy Pelger. The album packaging uses the club's original logo used from 1991–2002. A 52-page booklet, featuring the design of a Ministry of Sound turntable on the front, is included in the set, featuring original liner notes by Bill Brewster and "post-1994" liner notes by Gareth Cooke. On certain copies, a slight mastering error occurs with the last track on disc five, the "My Soul Mix" of House Culture's "N-My Soul", where 1:46 into the track, the track number splits from track number 14 to track number 15, carrying the remaining length of the song (over four minutes) onto that track number instead. The set was released on 19 September 2011 by Ministry of Sound's self-titled record label, two days before the club's 20th anniversary, and several months ahead of the club's other twentieth-anniversary compilations. A week earlier on 13 September, a "megamix" of music from the album was uploaded onto by YouTube by Ministry of Sound. A day afterwards on 14 September, Factmag ran a competition in which five free copies of the set were given away. For some music critics, Ministry of Sound distributed a two-disc promotional version for them to review that only featured Levan and Morales' mixes. Reception Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingDMC WorldThe GapLaptop Rockers(7/10) (Larry Levan mix)(8/10) (David Morales mix)Plain and Simple(favourable)Planet Notion(favourable)Time Out New York The album was critically acclaimed. Bruce Tantum of Time Out New York rated the album four stars out of five, saying "how the club managed to license all these beloved numbers is anyone's guess—such is the reach of the modern-day Ministry, we suppose. But the world's nightlife historians, nostalgia freaks, dance-floor denizens and plain old music lovers will be extremely glad that it did." He said the mixes were "great, both as time capsules and as collections of beautiful dance music." Colin Chapman of Planet Notion was very positive in his review, saying that "if you’re piecing together a collection, or simply seeking an understanding of the music called house and especially what its story in London has been, then this double disc release will give you an insight into the heady days of early 90s house in London, before the time when dance music was fragmented into a 1,000 subgenres." He called the album "a memento and an education", saying that Ministry of Sound "was always the loveable rogue of London nightclubs, a scary-looking bull terrier with a heart of gold, and yet somehow this club with the most heavily enforced drug policy in London hosted many of the most debauched nights of all-night dancing to quality house music the city is ever likely to see." Ben Hogwood of DMC World Magazine rated the album five stars out of five, saying that "this is a set that house heads cannot afford to miss out on. Especially as it's only 20 quid!" Stefan Niederwieser of The Gap rated the album seven out of ten. Patrice Knap of Laptop Rockers published a positive review, saying that "Live & Remastered is a fascinating time capsule to a special time in musical history when club culture was the growing force in youth culture. It surely will bring fond memories to those who, like me, used to dance the night away at the time!" Marting Hewitt of Plain and Simple said the album was "digging up the past to dish out one of the brand’s only releases aimed at true heads in years." He said that "perhaps what’s most engrossing is the quality of the sets at hand, which two decades on would put many a technologically advanced DJ to shame." Hogwood favoured Morales' mix over Levan's, saying "although it may have slightly sloppier mixing at times, the choice of tracks makes the difference." Although the album was not television advertised like the club's usual compilations, the album debuted and peaked at number 50 on the UK Compilation Chart. In its second and final week, it fell to number 99. This unusual success followed in the path of the club's previous anniversary compilation unadvertised on television, Fifteen Years (2006), which reached number 36. The more "commercial" alternative to Live & Remastered, the highly promoted XX: Twenty Years, was naturally more of a success, peaking at number 2 in its sixth week of charting. Track listing Disc one (Larry Levan) Pleasure Pump – Fantasize Me (Dub Mix) Jus' Friends – As One Ceybil – Love So Special Trilogy – Love Me Forever or Love Me Not (The Dub Of Doom Mix) Soft House Company – What U Need Soft House Company – A Little Piano Robert Owens – I'll Be Your Friend Sounds Of Blackness – The Pressure 4 To The Bar feat. Alexis P. Suter – Slam Me Baby! 4 To The Bar feat. Alexis P. Suter – Slam Me Baby! (X-Rated Mix) Crystal Waters – Makin' Happy (Hurley's Happy House Mix) Crystal Waters – Makin' Happy (Basement Boys Happy Club Mix) Total length: 69:42 Disc two (David Morales) Planet X – Once Upon a Dancefloor (Tony Humphries Remix) Black Sheep – Strobelite Honey (Def Mix) Richard Rogers – All I Want (Hitman's Dub) Shafty – Deep Inside (of You) (Soul Trance Mix) Lil Louis – Club Lonely (Radically Lonely Mix) Linden C – Deep Beats Vol. 1 (Cee's Siren Dub) Gypsymen – Hear the Music (Def Club Mix) 4th Measure Men – 4 You Phuture – Rise from Your Grave (Wild Pitch Mix) Inner City – Pennies from Heaven (Reese Dream A Lot Mix) Tevin Campbell – Goodbye (Tevin's Dub) The Daou – Surrender Yourself (Ballroom Revisited) Degrees Of Motion – Do You Want It Right Now (Scream Up Mix) Chez Damier – Can You Feel It (MK Dub) Mission Control – Outta Limits (Shelter Mix) Total length: 63:20 Disc three (Todd Terry) Gypsymen – Hear the Music (Def Club Mix) Todd Terry – When You Hold Me Static – Dream It (Dream Mix) Station Q – That Special Melody (Da'dirtydenioFunky Mix) Saint Etienne – Only Love Can Break Your Heart (Masters At Work Dub) Lidell Townsell – Nu Nu (So Fine Mix) Ralphi Rosario feat. Xavier Gold – U Used to Hold Me Tech Nine – Slam Jam (Slam Beats) The Todd Terry Project – Holdin' On (UK Master Mix) The Untouchables – Take a Chance The Untouchables – Yeah C'mon Omniverse – Antares Shawn Christopher – Don't Lose the Magic (Magic Todd Dub) Todd Terry presents SAX – Special Groove House of Gypsies – I Like You Total length: 60:07 Disc four (Kenny Carpenter) World Series Of Life – Spread Love MK – You Brought Me Love Kipper – Livin' the Nitelife (Classic Style Mix) Desiya – Comin' On Strong (Spagatini Mix) Cookie Watkins – I'm Attracted to You Bohannon – Let's Start the Dance (Remix) Third World – Now That We've Found Love (Disco Mix) Little Louie & Marc Anthony – Ride on the Rhythm (Masters At Work Dub) Underground Solution – Luv Dancin' (In Deep Mix) Sounds Of Blackness – The Pressure Part 1 (Classic 12" Mix) Chaka Khan – I Know You, I Live You Natalie Cole – This Will Be (An Everlasting Love) (1991 Club Mix) Total length: 77:06 Disc five (Justin Berkmann) Cajmere feat. Dajae – Brighter Days (Underground Trance Mix) Instrum – Wine (Screaming Wine Mix) Funky Green Dogs – Reach for Me (Reach for the Acappella) Earth People – Dance (Beats Mix) Barbara Tucker – I Get Lifted (Boyd Slams The Organ Mix) Bobby Konders House Rhythms – Version Deee-Lite – Pussycat Meow (Murk Boys Miami Mix) Jimi Polo – Express Yourself (Ministry Underground Mix) Wall Of Sound – Critical (If You Only Knew) (Mood II Swing Slammin' Dub) Kiwi Dreams feat. Darrell Martin – Y? (Danny's Dub) Coco Steel And Lovebomb – Feel It Danell Dixon – Dance Dance (DJ Pierre's Wild Pitch Mix) Blunted Dummies – House for All House Culture – N-My Soul (My Soul Mix) Total length: 77:03 Chart positions Chart (2011) Peakposition UK Compilation Chart 50 See also Ministry of Sound One Half of a Whole Decade Ministry of Sound Anthems References ^ a b c d e "Music | Compilations". Ministryofsound.com. 2014-07-23. Archived from the original on 2013-02-27. Retrieved 2015-05-18. ^ a b "Live & Remastered - 20th Anniversary Boxset (Ministry of Sound UK) Megamix". YouTube.com. 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2015-05-18. ^ a b "Ministry of Sound presents Live and Remastered - FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music". Factmag.com. 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2015-05-18. ^ Tantum, Bruce (2011-09-30). "Review of Ministry of Sound: Live and Remastered". Newyork.timeout.com. Retrieved 2015-05-18. ^ a b c "Official Compilations Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Laptoprockers. "Live and Remastered Review | Laptoprockers". Laptoprockers.eu. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ "XX Twenty Years Compilation | Music". Ministry of Sound. 2011-11-21. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ "Ministry of Sound: XX Twenty Years, Vol. 2 - Various Artists | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b c d "Various Artists 'Live & Remastered Ministry of Sound 20th Anniversary Boxset'". Plainandsimple.tv. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ Jason Birchmeier. "One Half of a Whole Decade - Seb Fontaine | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ "Ministry of Sound: Fifteen Years - Various Artists | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. 2006-10-16. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b c d e f "Larry Levan / David Morales / Kenny Carpenter / Todd Terry / Justin Berkmann - Live & Remastered (20th Anniversary) (CD)". Discogs.com. 2015-03-13. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Tantum, Bruce (2011-09-30). "Review of Ministry of Sound: Live and Remastered". Timeout.com. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b FACT (2011-09-14). "Ministry of Sound presents Live and Remastered - FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music". Factmag.com. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b c "Various Artists - Live & Remastered mixed by Larry Levan, David Morales, Todd Terry, Kenny Carpenter & Justin Berkmann – Ministry Of Sound 20th Anniversary Boxset - Review". The Gap. Archived from the original on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ "Live and Remastered 20th Anniversary Boxset Compilation | Music". Ministry of Sound. 2011-09-19. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b c d e f g h "Album Review: Ministry of Sound – 20th Anniversary Box Set". Planet Notion. 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ a b c d e f g h Laptoprockers (2011-10-13). "Live and Remastered Review | Laptoprockers". Laptoprockers.eu. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ Liner notes. ^ a b "Various Artists - Live & Remastered: 20th Anniversary Box Set - (Ministry Of Sound) - DMC World Magazine". Dmcworld.net. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ "Official Compilations Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ "Chart Log UK: Various Artists (Compilations)". Zobbel.de. Retrieved 2016-08-10. ^ "Official Compilations Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-08-10. vteMinistry of SoundSubsidiaries Dance Nation Hedkandi Ministry of Sound Australia Ministry of Sound Radio People Justin Berkmann Andy Horsfield James Palumbo Music albums The Annual Chillout Sessions Classic Euphoria Live & Remastered Ministry of Sound Anthems One Half of a Whole Decade Sessions Sessions One Sessions Two Sessions Three Sessions Four Sessions Five Sessions Six Sessions Seven Sessions Eight Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group
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It was released to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Ministry of Sound, as part of their 20:20 Project campaign, following the Ministry of Sound's foundation in 1991.[1] Focusing on the early years of the club, the box set contains five discs, each an iconic DJ set performed live at the Ministry of Sound from 1991 to 1994. The DJ sets are mixed by New York DJ veterans Larry Levan, David Morales, Todd Terry, Kenny Carpenter and the club's British co-founder Justin Berkmann, each delivering their own house style. Between them, genres explored include deep house and garage house. The packaging for the set resembles a \"flightcase\" box, with all the CDs themselves in \"record sleeves\", whilst the discs themselves are made to look like actual vinyl LPs.[1]In promotion of the album, a \"megamix\" of songs from the album was uploaded onto by YouTube by Ministry of Sound,[2] whilst Factmag ran a competition in which free copies were given away.[3] The album was critically well received, who applauded the album's coverage of both the club's early years and the work of the DJs themselves. Time Out New York said the music was \"great, both as time capsules and as collections of beautiful dance music.\"[4] The album peaked at number 50 on the UK Compilation Chart.[5]","title":"Live & Remastered"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"superclub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superclub"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Sound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"DJ mix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_mix"},{"link_name":"compilation albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilation_album"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-plainandsimple.tv-9"},{"link_name":"Digital Audio Tape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"One Half of a Whole Decade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Half_of_a_Whole_Decade"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-12"}],"text":"London superclub Ministry of Sound celebrated its 20th anniversary in September 2011. In celebration, the club announced the 20:20 Project, which started in March with a multi-media exhibition about the nightclub.[6] Further events include a three-day party in September, an international tour and the release of several commemorative DJ mix compilation albums aimed at different parts of the club's audience.[6] They would release XX: Twenty Years, a four CD compilation of digitally mixed material, each disc covering at a different club night or compilation strand from the club's history, in November 2011,[7] before a sequel album, XX Volume Two, was released in 2012.[8]Although the XX compilations were aimed at fans throughout their era, their other 20:20 Project anniversary release, Live & Remastered, was aimed more so at earlier goers to the club in its early days. With one reviewer calling it among the club's only releases \"aimed at true heads in years,\"[9] the club sought to create a compilation featuring live mixes of DJs playing at the club from its early days. Many of the club's DJs recorded their sets onto Digital Audio Tape (DAT), and soon enough, the club had extensive recording archive.[6] The club chose to cull several of classic, early DAT-recorded live mixes and remaster them for a new box set.[6] It was decided the set would five different mixes over five discs, therefore being longer than either of the XX compilations, and also the club's previous three-disc anniversary mix albums, One Half of a Whole Decade (1996)[10] and Fifteen Years (2006).[11] Abi Long, Alaine Wingrove, Alex Sparks, Alice Schofield, Gavin Fraser and Sarah Ioannou are credited as the set's \"co-ordinators\" in the \"this album was brought to you by...\" section in the liner notes.[12]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ministry_of_Sound_-_Toolroom_Knights2.jpg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ministryofsound1-1"},{"link_name":"DJ mix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_mix"},{"link_name":"Larry Levan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Levan"},{"link_name":"David Morales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Morales"},{"link_name":"Todd Terry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Terry"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thegap.at-15"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Larry Levan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Levan"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetnotion.com-17"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetnotion.com-17"},{"link_name":"soul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_music"},{"link_name":"R&B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B"},{"link_name":"gospel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"Planet Notion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Notion"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetnotion.com-17"},{"link_name":"C+C Music Factory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2BC_Music_Factory"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"David Morales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Morales"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetnotion.com-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"},{"link_name":"Inner City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_City_(band)"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"},{"link_name":"deep house","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_house"},{"link_name":"disco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"},{"link_name":"Deee-Lite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deee-Lite"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"}],"text":"Ministry of Sound, pictured in 2008.The set features five different, \"iconic\"[1] DJ mix sets recorded live at the Ministry of Sound in the early 1990s; each mix by a different DJ, namely New York DJs Larry Levan, David Morales, Todd Terry, Kenny Carpenter and the club's British co-founder Justin Berkman, respectively.[13] One reviewer noted the mixes date from 1991,[6] whilst Fact Mag said the mixes date from 1990–1994, although the 1990 starting point is a mistake, the club having not opened until 1991.[14]\nThey had not been released before, and were only licensed and remastered for the box.[15] All were recorded on DAT and culled from the club’s extensive recording archive.[6] Bruce Tantum said the mixes were \"lovingly restored\", and called the set \"something of a DJ-festishist's dream, as these sets—from the time when house was morphing from an underground cult genre to the sound of the dance floor—haven't been publicly aired since the time of their creation.\"[13] Ministry of Sound tracked down the original license owners to the music on the album, described as \"no mean feat in itself\".[16]Dance music veteran Larry Levan's mix, recorded in 1991[17] and comprising fourteen different tracks, was one of the most sought after recordings from the venue,[17] and is said to showcase Levan's aesthetic perfectly: \"heaps of soulful vocals and melodic chords proving the strong bond between soul, R&B, gospel and house in his sets.\"[6] Colin Chapman of Planet Notion said that the mix \"includes literally some of the fabric of house music’s defining sound.\"[17] Among the material on the disc highlighted by reviewers are the piano house of the \"Dub of Doom Mix\" of \"Love Me Forever or Love Me Not\" by Trilogy, made up of members of C+C Music Factory,[6] which is followed by two tracks from Italian house producers Soft House Company.[6] After an extended breakdown, \"I'll Be Your Friend\" by Robert Owens \"picks up the groove\".[6] Gary Hines' vocal and instrumental ensemble the Sounds of Blackness feature thereafter with \"The Pressure\".[6]David Morales’ mix, recorded in the \"most productive and most celebrated time\" of his career,[17] was noted by one critic for sharing similarities with Levan’s mix.[18] Levan was one of the first to recognize Morales’ talents and the two played together regularly. However, Morales chooses tracks with a \"tougher, more percussive edge\" than on Levan's mix.[18] Examples of tracks in the mix in this style include Black Sheep’s \"Strobelight Honey\" and Linden C.'s \"Deep Beats Vol. 1\".[18] Those two tracks were pointed out by Patrice Knap of Laptop Rockers as examples of obscure tracks, who also noted \"there are plenty of classics in the mix as well\", naming the vocal-less version of Lil' Louis' \"Club Lonely\" and Inner City's \"Pennies from Heaven\" as examples.[18] The end of mix include a \"great choice of melodic cuts\"; Degrees of Motions' \"Do You Want It Right Now\" and Chez Damier's \"Can You Feel It\".[18]Terry's mix, as is his style to this day, leans heavily on his own productions.[13] Among his own tracks included are \"When You Hold Me\" and \"Hear the Music\", the latter credited under the pseudonym Gypsyemen.[13] Carpenter's mix is in a different style, opting for deep house music, including MK's \"You Brought Me Love\" and Underground Solution's \"Luv Dancin'\" in the mix, \"with time out for a disco break via \"Let's Start a Dance\" from Bohannon.\"[13] Berkmann's mix was said to feature \"absolutely classic songs\", including Earth People's \"Reach Up to Mars\", Murk's \"thumping little mix\" of Deee-Lite's \"Pussycat Meow\", Bobby Konders, and Coco Steel and Lovebomb.[13]","title":"Content"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Platines_vinyles.jpg"},{"link_name":"disc jockey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey"},{"link_name":"turntable","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turntable"},{"link_name":"vinyl records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_record"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ministryofsound1-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ministryofsound1-1"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-12"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-12"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Sound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-14"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-laptoprockers.eu-6"},{"link_name":"megamix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megamix"},{"link_name":"YouTube","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-YouTube.com-2"},{"link_name":"Factmag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact_(UK_magazine)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Factmag.com-3"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetnotion.com-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"}],"text":"The packaging features a disc jockey motif, including imagery such as a DJ turntable like the one pictured.The packaging is unusual, in that the box itself containing the discs resembles a \"flightcase\" box that a DJ would carry vinyl records in, with all the CDs themselves in miniature \"record sleeves\".[1] Completing this theme, the discs themselves are also made to look like actual vinyl LPs,[1] and as such, they are coloured black with printed grooves.[12] PopularUK created the \"album cover\" design and Eskimo Square are credited for the record box illustration,[12] whilst the packaging concept was by Andy Pelger.[12] The album packaging uses the club's original logo used from 1991–2002.[19] A 52-page booklet, featuring the design of a Ministry of Sound turntable on the front, is included in the set, featuring original liner notes by Bill Brewster and \"post-1994\" liner notes by Gareth Cooke.[12] On certain copies, a slight mastering error occurs with the last track on disc five, the \"My Soul Mix\" of House Culture's \"N-My Soul\", where 1:46 into the track, the track number splits from track number 14 to track number 15, carrying the remaining length of the song (over four minutes) onto that track number instead.[12]The set was released on 19 September 2011 by Ministry of Sound's self-titled record label,[14] two days before the club's 20th anniversary, and several months ahead of the club's other twentieth-anniversary compilations.[6] A week earlier on 13 September, a \"megamix\" of music from the album was uploaded onto by YouTube by Ministry of Sound.[2] A day afterwards on 14 September, Factmag ran a competition in which five free copies of the set were given away.[3] For some music critics, Ministry of Sound distributed a two-disc promotional version for them to review that only featured Levan and Morales' mixes.[17][18]","title":"Release"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Time Out New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Out_New_York"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timeout.com-13"},{"link_name":"Planet Notion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Notion"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetnotion.com-17"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetnotion.com-17"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dmcworld.net-20"},{"link_name":"The Gap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gap_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thegap.at-15"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-plainandsimple.tv-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-plainandsimple.tv-9"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"},{"link_name":"UK Compilation Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Compilation_Chart"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-officialcharts.com-5"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"The album was critically acclaimed. Bruce Tantum of Time Out New York rated the album four stars out of five, saying \"how the club managed to license all these beloved numbers is anyone's guess—such is the reach of the modern-day Ministry, we suppose. But the world's nightlife historians, nostalgia freaks, dance-floor denizens and plain old music lovers will be extremely glad that it did.\"[13] He said the mixes were \"great, both as time capsules and as collections of beautiful dance music.\"[13] Colin Chapman of Planet Notion was very positive in his review, saying that \"if you’re piecing together a collection, or simply seeking an understanding of the music called house and especially what its story in London has been, then this double disc release will give you an insight into the heady days of early 90s house in London, before the time when dance music was fragmented into a 1,000 subgenres.\"[17] He called the album \"a memento and an education\", saying that Ministry of Sound \"was always the loveable rogue of London nightclubs, a scary-looking bull terrier with a heart of gold, and yet somehow this club with the most heavily enforced drug policy in London hosted many of the most debauched nights of all-night dancing to quality house music the city is ever likely to see.\"[17]Ben Hogwood of DMC World Magazine rated the album five stars out of five, saying that \"this is a set that house heads cannot afford to miss out on. Especially as it's only 20 quid!\"[20] Stefan Niederwieser of The Gap rated the album seven out of ten.[15] Patrice Knap of Laptop Rockers published a positive review, saying that \"Live & Remastered is a fascinating time capsule to a special time in musical history when club culture was the growing force in youth culture. It surely will bring fond memories to those who, like me, used to dance the night away at the time!\"[18] Marting Hewitt of Plain and Simple said the album was \"digging up the past to dish out one of the brand’s only releases aimed at true heads in years.\"[9] He said that \"perhaps what’s most engrossing is the quality of the sets at hand, which two decades on would put many a technologically advanced DJ to shame.\"[9] Hogwood favoured Morales' mix over Levan's, saying \"although it may have slightly sloppier mixing at times, the choice of tracks makes the difference.\"[18]Although the album was not television advertised like the club's usual compilations, the album debuted and peaked at number 50 on the UK Compilation Chart.[5] In its second and final week, it fell to number 99.[21] This unusual success followed in the path of the club's previous anniversary compilation unadvertised on television, Fifteen Years (2006), which reached number 36.[22] The more \"commercial\" alternative to Live & Remastered, the highly promoted XX: Twenty Years, was naturally more of a success, peaking at number 2 in its sixth week of charting.[23]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alexis P. Suter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_P._Suter"}],"sub_title":"Disc one (Larry Levan)","text":"Pleasure Pump – Fantasize Me (Dub Mix)\nJus' Friends – As One\nCeybil – Love So Special\nTrilogy – Love Me Forever or Love Me Not (The Dub Of Doom Mix)\nSoft House Company – What U Need\nSoft House Company – A Little Piano\nRobert Owens – I'll Be Your Friend\nSounds Of Blackness – The Pressure\n4 To The Bar feat. Alexis P. Suter – Slam Me Baby!\n4 To The Bar feat. Alexis P. Suter – Slam Me Baby! (X-Rated Mix)\nCrystal Waters – Makin' Happy (Hurley's Happy House Mix)\nCrystal Waters – Makin' Happy (Basement Boys Happy Club Mix)Total length: 69:42","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Disc two (David Morales)","text":"Planet X – Once Upon a Dancefloor (Tony Humphries Remix)\nBlack Sheep – Strobelite Honey (Def Mix)\nRichard Rogers – All I Want (Hitman's Dub)\nShafty – Deep Inside (of You) (Soul Trance Mix)\nLil Louis – Club Lonely (Radically Lonely Mix)\nLinden C – Deep Beats Vol. 1 (Cee's Siren Dub)\nGypsymen – Hear the Music (Def Club Mix)\n4th Measure Men – 4 You\nPhuture – Rise from Your Grave (Wild Pitch Mix)\nInner City – Pennies from Heaven (Reese Dream A Lot Mix)\nTevin Campbell – Goodbye (Tevin's Dub)\nThe Daou – Surrender Yourself (Ballroom Revisited)\nDegrees Of Motion – Do You Want It Right Now (Scream Up Mix)\nChez Damier – Can You Feel It (MK Dub)\nMission Control – Outta Limits (Shelter Mix)Total length: 63:20","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Disc three (Todd Terry)","text":"Gypsymen – Hear the Music (Def Club Mix)\nTodd Terry – When You Hold Me\nStatic – Dream It (Dream Mix)\nStation Q – That Special Melody (Da'dirtydenioFunky Mix)\nSaint Etienne – Only Love Can Break Your Heart (Masters At Work Dub)\nLidell Townsell – Nu Nu (So Fine Mix)\nRalphi Rosario feat. Xavier Gold – U Used to Hold Me\nTech Nine – Slam Jam (Slam Beats)\nThe Todd Terry Project – Holdin' On (UK Master Mix)\nThe Untouchables – Take a Chance\nThe Untouchables – Yeah C'mon\nOmniverse – Antares\nShawn Christopher – Don't Lose the Magic (Magic Todd Dub)\nTodd Terry presents SAX – Special Groove\nHouse of Gypsies – I Like YouTotal length: 60:07","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Disc four (Kenny Carpenter)","text":"World Series Of Life – Spread Love\nMK – You Brought Me Love\nKipper – Livin' the Nitelife (Classic Style Mix)\nDesiya – Comin' On Strong (Spagatini Mix)\nCookie Watkins – I'm Attracted to You\nBohannon – Let's Start the Dance (Remix)\nThird World – Now That We've Found Love (Disco Mix)\nLittle Louie & Marc Anthony – Ride on the Rhythm (Masters At Work Dub)\nUnderground Solution – Luv Dancin' (In Deep Mix)\nSounds Of Blackness – The Pressure Part 1 (Classic 12\" Mix)\nChaka Khan – I Know You, I Live You\nNatalie Cole – This Will Be (An Everlasting Love) (1991 Club Mix)Total length: 77:06","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Disc five (Justin Berkmann)","text":"Cajmere feat. Dajae – Brighter Days (Underground Trance Mix)\nInstrum – Wine (Screaming Wine Mix)\nFunky Green Dogs – Reach for Me (Reach for the Acappella)\nEarth People – Dance (Beats Mix)\nBarbara Tucker – I Get Lifted (Boyd Slams The Organ Mix)\nBobby Konders House Rhythms – Version\nDeee-Lite – Pussycat Meow (Murk Boys Miami Mix)\nJimi Polo – Express Yourself (Ministry Underground Mix)\nWall Of Sound – Critical (If You Only Knew) (Mood II Swing Slammin' Dub)\nKiwi Dreams feat. Darrell Martin – Y? (Danny's Dub)\nCoco Steel And Lovebomb – Feel It\nDanell Dixon – Dance Dance (DJ Pierre's Wild Pitch Mix)\nBlunted Dummies – House for All\nHouse Culture – N-My Soul (My Soul Mix)Total length: 77:03","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Chart positions"}]
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[{"title":"Ministry of Sound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound"},{"title":"One Half of a Whole Decade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Half_of_a_Whole_Decade"},{"title":"Ministry of Sound Anthems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound_Anthems"}]
[{"reference":"\"Music | Compilations\". Ministryofsound.com. 2014-07-23. Archived from the original on 2013-02-27. Retrieved 2015-05-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130227074657/http://www.ministryofsound.com/shop/product/music/35353/live-and-remastered-20th-anniversary-5-cd-box-set---larry-levan-david-morales-kenny-carpenter-todd-terry-justin-berkmann","url_text":"\"Music | Compilations\""},{"url":"http://www.ministryofsound.com/shop/product/music/35353/live-and-remastered-20th-anniversary-5-cd-box-set---larry-levan-david-morales-kenny-carpenter-todd-terry-justin-berkmann/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Live & Remastered - 20th Anniversary Boxset (Ministry of Sound UK) Megamix\". YouTube.com. 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2015-05-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EVLoRzx2kI","url_text":"\"Live & Remastered - 20th Anniversary Boxset (Ministry of Sound UK) Megamix\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ministry of Sound presents Live and Remastered - FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music\". Factmag.com. 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2015-05-18.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.factmag.com/2011/09/14/ministry-of-sound-present-live-and-remastered/","url_text":"\"Ministry of Sound presents Live and Remastered - FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music\""}]},{"reference":"Tantum, Bruce (2011-09-30). \"Review of Ministry of Sound: Live and Remastered\". Newyork.timeout.com. Retrieved 2015-05-18.","urls":[{"url":"http://newyork.timeout.com/music-nightlife/nightlife/2019099/ministry-of-sound-live-and-remastered","url_text":"\"Review of Ministry of Sound: Live and Remastered\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Compilations Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company\". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-08-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/official-compilations-chart/20110925/7503/","url_text":"\"Official Compilations Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company\""}]},{"reference":"Laptoprockers. \"Live and Remastered Review | Laptoprockers\". Laptoprockers.eu. Retrieved 2016-08-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.laptoprockers.eu/music/p1/live-and-remastered-review/","url_text":"\"Live and Remastered Review | Laptoprockers\""}]},{"reference":"\"XX Twenty Years Compilation | Music\". Ministry of Sound. 2011-11-21. Retrieved 2016-08-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ministryofsound.com/music/compilations/2014/02/06/14/27/xx-twenty-years#XGb0lywAgBDsHdBr.97","url_text":"\"XX Twenty Years Compilation | Music\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ministry of Sound: XX Twenty Years, Vol. 2 - Various Artists | Songs, Reviews, Credits\". AllMusic. 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Retrieved 2016-08-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ministryofsound.com/music/compilations/2014/02/06/15/24/live-and-remastered-20th-anniversary-boxset#CRFwrXShzBZyelID.97","url_text":"\"Live and Remastered 20th Anniversary Boxset Compilation | Music\""}]},{"reference":"\"Album Review: Ministry of Sound – 20th Anniversary Box Set\". Planet Notion. 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2016-08-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.planetnotion.com/2011/10/28/album-review-ministry-of-sound-live-and-remastered-20th-anniversary-box-set/","url_text":"\"Album Review: Ministry of Sound – 20th Anniversary Box Set\""}]},{"reference":"Laptoprockers (2011-10-13). \"Live and Remastered Review | Laptoprockers\". Laptoprockers.eu. Retrieved 2016-08-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.laptoprockers.eu/music/p2/live-and-remastered-review/","url_text":"\"Live and Remastered Review | Laptoprockers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Various Artists - Live & Remastered: 20th Anniversary Box Set - (Ministry Of Sound) - DMC World Magazine\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%E2%80%99s_Sporting_Goods
Dick's Sporting Goods
["1 Company overview","2 History","2.1 Acquisitions","2.2 Lawsuits and legal proceedings","3 Partnerships and sponsorships","4 Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
American sporting goods retailing corporation This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments, a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. (September 2022) Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc.Exterior of a typical Dick's Sporting Goods store in Manchester, Connecticut (2014)Company typePublicTraded asNYSE: DKSS&P 400 componentIndustryRetailFounded1948; 76 years ago (1948) in Binghamton, New York, U.S.FounderRichard "Dick" StackHeadquartersCoraopolis, Pennsylvania, U.S.Number of locations724 (2024)Key people Lauren Hobart (president and CEO) Edward W. Stack (executive chairman) Navdeep Gupta (CFO) Vlad Rak (CTO) Revenue US$12.98 billion (2023)Operating income US$1.282 billion (2023)Net income US$1.046 billion (2023)Total assets US$9.312 billion (2023)Total equity US$2.617 billion (2023)Number of employees55,500 (2024)SubsidiariesGolf GalaxyPublic LandsGoing Going GoneHouse of SportWebsitedickssportinggoods.com Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc. is an American chain of sporting goods stores founded in 1948 by Richard "Dick" Stack. It is the largest sporting goods retailer in the United States, and is listed on the Fortune 500. Company overview Dick's is the largest sporting goods retail company in the United States, with approximately 853 stores as of 2023. The public company is based in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania and is physically located in Findlay Township, Pennsylvania outside Pittsburgh, and has approximately 53,000 employees as of August 2023. The company's subsidiaries include Golf Galaxy, Public Lands, and House of Sport. In 2017, there were 690 Dick's stores and close to 100 Golf Galaxy locations. The company acquired Affinity Sports, Blue Sombrero, and GameChanger. Edward W. Stack is currently executive chairman. Lauren Hobart is president and chief executive officer of the company and Navdeep Gupta is chief financial officer, as of 2024. Hobart succeeded Edward W. Stack as CEO on February 1, 2021, becoming the company's first female CEO. History Richard "Dick" Stack started the company as a fishing tackle store in Binghamton, New York, in 1948. He began with a $300 loan from his grandmother. Edward W. Stack and his siblings purchased Dick's from their father in the early 1980s, when the company had two locations in Upstate New York. Stack established a board of directors, opened additional stores, and relocated the company's headquarters to Pittsburgh in 1994. He became chairman and chief executive officer following his father's retirement in 1984, and led the company during its initial public offering in 2002. Dick's operated primarily throughout the Eastern United States until 2009, and has since expanded across the country. There are more than 800 Dick's stores in 47 states, as of 2023. In 2012, the company opened three True Runner stores targeting runners in Boston, the St. Louis suburb Brentwood, and Pittsburgh's Shadyside neighborhood. The stores closed in early 2017. Dick's Sporting Goods store at the King of Prussia mall in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania Dick's launched the women's athleisure, fitness, and lifestyle store Chelsea Collective in 2015, opening two stores in Pittsburgh and Tysons, Virginia, in the Washington, D.C. metro area. The shops closed in 2017. The company launched Dick's Team Sports HQ in early 2016, offering youth sports teams websites, uniforms, and sponsorship options. Dick's opened its first Field & Stream store in Cranberry Township, a suburb of Pittsburgh, in 2013. Thirty-five Field & Stream stores were open across the country as of 2018. In 2023, Dick's shuttered its Field & Stream brand by converting its remaining Field & Stream stores to its House of Sport concept or large format DICK'S stores. Following the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in February 2018, Dick's stopped selling assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, and increased the minimum age for purchasing guns to 21. Dick's-branded stores had suspended assault-style weapon sales following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012, but the guns were still available for purchase at Field & Stream locations. Dick's has never carried bump stocks. The company currently operates five distribution centers. The most recent, in Conklin in Southern Tier, New York opened in January 2018, and was further expanded to fulfill online sales a few months later. In 2019, Dick's launched its private-label clothing line called DSG. The company's other brands include the women's line Calia, and their menswear brand VRST. Dick's opened its first "House of Sport" concept stores in Victor, New York and Knoxville, Tennessee in 2021. The stores are larger than Dick's flagship locations, sell higher-end gear and include features such as an outdoor turf field and track, climbing wall, batting cages, and a digital golf range. Dick's also launched Public Lands in 2021, a chain of stores that focuses on outdoor recreation including camping, hiking, and biking. In 2021, Dick's opened its first Public Lands store. Public Lands donates 1% of sales to the Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation's Public Lands Fund, which promotes conservation and outdoor activities. In 2022, Dick's Sporting Goods launched DSG Ventures, an investment fund worth $50 million. Acquisitions Dick's acquired Galyan's in July 2004. The company agreed to purchase Golf Galaxy for $225 million in November 2006. Dick's confirmed plans to close Golf Galaxy's headquarters in Eden Prairie, Minnesota in mid 2008. Dick's acquired Chick's Sporting Goods in November 2007 for $71 million. At the time, Chicks' operated 15 specialty sporting goods stores in Southern California. Dick's purchased the San Diego-based sports management technology company Affinity Sports for an undisclosed amount in mid 2016. In September, Dick's acquired Sports Authority's brand name and intellectual property. There were 450 Sports Authority locations at the time. Dick's acquired Golfsmith, the largest golf retailer in the United States, at a bankruptcy auction in October 2016. Dick's bid approximately $70 million for all of Golfsmith's intellectual property and inventory. The company planned to retain around 30 of Golfsmith's more than 100 locations, as well as 500 employees. Dick's rebranded 36–38 Golfsmith stores in 16 U.S. states as Golf Galaxy in 2017. This increased the number of Golf Galaxy stores to 98, located in 33 states. In 2016, Dick’s Sporting Goods also acquired GameChanger, a mobile scoring app company. In February 2023, Dick’s Sporting Goods purchased Moosejaw from Walmart for an undisclosed amount. Lawsuits and legal proceedings In July 1971, Dick's was told of infringing a patent owned by Furnace Brook, LLC, in a lawsuit filed in the Northern District of Illinois. On March 31, 2005, the company restated the first three fiscal quarters of 2004 as well as full-year figures due to adjustments to its accounting for leases and tenant or construction allowances. In June 2009, Dick's was accused of infringing a patent owned by The Donkey Company, Inc., in a lawsuit filed in District Court for the District of New Jersey. In February 2014, Dick's brought a lawsuit against Modell's Sporting Goods CEO, Mitchell Modell (who featured on an episode of Undercover Boss in 2012), for going undercover into one of their stores to gain access to retail secrets. The lawsuit was settled out of court by April for undisclosed terms. Independent analysts suggested that Modell visited the store on a whim, rather than as part of some plot to steal information. In 2018, Dick's was sued for age discrimination by at least two people for no longer selling long guns to 18-20 year olds where legal. One case was settled in November 2018; details of the settlement are confidential, but it did not directly result in any changes to the retailer's policies. The second case was reported as "resolved" by an attorney for the plaintiff in late 2018 without disclosing details of any settlement. Partnerships and sponsorships The company signed a 20-year naming rights agreement for Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a soccer-specific stadium for the Colorado Rapids team in Commerce City, Colorado, in 2006. Dick's has sponsored the Pittsburgh Penguins and the team's home arena, PPG Paints Arena (formerly Consol Energy Center). Sporting events sponsored by Dick's have included the Dick's Sporting Goods Open and the Pittsburgh Marathon. Dick's began sponsoring ESPN's college football kickoff week in 2009. In 2015, the company sponsored Olympic and Paralympic athletes and hopefuls, and became the "official sporting goods retailer" for Team USA for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. Dick's and Team USA established the Ambassador Program and Contender's Program in partnership with the United States Olympic Committee, employing Olympians and prospective Olympic athletes. Dick's employed approximately 200 Team USA athletes competing in 35 different Olympic and Paralympic sports, as of March–July 2016. The athletes worked in 89 stores in 32 states. Dick's partnered with Carrie Underwood in 2015 to launch Calia, a fitness lifestyle line. In 2017, Dick's entered a multiyear partnership with the United States Youth Soccer Association to provide team management technology and sponsor the US Youth Soccer National Championships. Since September 2021, Dick’s has been in a multi-year agreement to be the official retail partner of the WNBA. In 2021, Dick's collaborated with Nike and DeVonta Smith. In 2023, the company worked with the Boston Athletic Association, making Dick's the official sponsor of all of the association's events, including the 2023 Boston Marathon and associated events. They also became the official sporting-goods retailer of the NCAA. That same year, Dick's subsidiary GameChanger signed a deal with Major League Baseball to promote youth sports. Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation In 2014, the Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation committed up to $2 million annually to fund youth sports via its Sports Matter program. The Sports Matter program was initiated in 2014 to provide grants, equipment, and sponsorships to underserved youth sports programs. Since its inception, Sports Matter has pledged more than $100 million, giving over 2 million young athletes the opportunity to participate in sports activities. In 2023, Dick’s Sporting Goods launched the ‘Sports Change Lives’ campaign to encourage participation in sports. The campaign partnered with Nike, Inc., to feature athletes such as Mike Trout, A'ja Wilson, and Carmelo Anthony. Participating athletes each nominate a youth sports organization to receive a $75,000 grant. As of 2023, Dick’s Sporting Goods and its foundation has pledged $170 million USD for youth sports initiatives. See also Companies portalSports portal Academy Sports + Outdoors Bass Pro Shops Cabela's Legendary Whitetails Scheels Sportsman's Warehouse List of Pennsylvania companies References ^ a b c d e f g "FY 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. March 28, 2024. ^ a b c "Management". Dick's Sporting Goods. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020. ^ a b Broughton, Kristin; Kellaher, Colin (August 19, 2021). "Dick's Sporting Goods Promotes Navdeep Gupta to CFO". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved January 8, 2024. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods". Fortune. Archived from the original on October 28, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2018. ^ Mosendz, Polly; Townsend, Matt (May 3, 2018). "Dick's Sporting Goods ramps up gun control push, hires lobbyist". The Denver Post. Digital First Media. ISSN 1930-2193. Retrieved June 27, 2018 – via Bloomberg L.P. ^ "DICK's Sporting Goods" (PDF). January 28, 2023. ^ a b c Isidore, Chris (February 28, 2018). "Dick's Sporting Goods will stop selling assault-style rifles". CNNMoney. AT&T. Retrieved June 27, 2018. ^ Investor Relations, 2024, retrieved March 25, 2024 ^ Findlay Second Class Township Map (PDF), 2023, retrieved March 25, 2024 ^ Bhasin, Kim. "Dick's Sporting Goods Lays Off 250 Corporate Employees". Bloomberg. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods latest record quarter prompts special dividend". www.bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on August 26, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021. ^ a b Caplan, David; Kindelan, Katie (February 28, 2018). "Dick's Sporting Goods CEO on decision to no longer sell assault-style rifles: 'We don't want to be a part of this story'". ABC News. Retrieved June 27, 2018. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods cutting over 100 jobs; shares tumble as sales fall short". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. May 16, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2018. ^ Ha, Anthony (November 28, 2016). "Dick's Sporting Goods acquires mobile scorekeeping company GameChanger Media". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 18, 2018. ^ "Edward Stack". Forbes. ISSN 0015-6914. Retrieved June 7, 2018. ^ Rittenhouse, Lindsay (December 13, 2017). "Dick's Sporting Goods Funds a Youth Immigrant Soccer Team in This Emotional Holiday Spot". Adweek. ISSN 0199-2864. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Tascarella, Patty. "Dick's Sporting Goods elevates Lauren Hobart to CEO". Pittsburgh Business Times. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2021. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods CEO Ed Stack Stepping Down After 36 Years". CBS Local Pittsburgh. November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020. ^ Begley, Sarah (February 28, 2018). "What to Know about Edward Stack, the CEO of Dick's Sporting Goods". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. OCLC 1311479. Retrieved June 7, 2018. ^ DICK'S Sporting Goods, About Us, 2024, retrieved May 7, 2024 ^ Graham, Sherry (January 13, 2002). "Dick's Sporting Goods will come to Rock Road". Wichita Business Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018. ^ Platsky, Jeff (February 28, 2018). "In the national spotlight: Ed Stack's roots are in Binghamton". Press & Sun-Bulletin. Gannett Company. ISSN 0886-8816. OCLC 12636926. Retrieved June 7, 2018. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods to open at Crossroads Bellevue". Bellevue Reporter. Black Press. October 20, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2018. ^ LaWell, Carolyn (October 27, 2010). "Ed Stack stays close to his business to make Dick's Sporting Goods better". Smart Business. Retrieved June 7, 2018. ^ Townsend, Matt (May 30, 2018). "Dick's Sporting Goods stock spikes 28 percent as earnings guidance outweighs gun controversy". Chicago Tribune. Tronc. ISSN 1085-6706. OCLC 60639020. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018 – via Bloomberg L.P. ^ Martinez, Amy (October 29, 2009). "Dick's Sporting Goods expanding to Washington". The Seattle Times. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Schooley, Tim. "Dick's Sporting Goods to convert remaining Field & Stream stores amid major expansion of House of Sport". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved February 19, 2024. ^ Kumar, Kavita (August 24, 2012). "New running specialty store, True Runner, coming to Brentwood Square". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Lee Enterprises. ISSN 1930-9600. OCLC 1764810. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Leonard, Kim (January 30, 2013). "Dick's to start Field & Stream outdoor equipment store". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved July 4, 2018. ^ Schooley, Tim (January 13, 2017). "Exclusive: True Runner to close in Shadyside". Pittsburgh Business Times. Retrieved July 4, 2018. ^ Fleisher, Chris (July 20, 2015). "Dick's Sporting Goods to open women's fitness, lifestyle boutiques". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved July 4, 2018. ^ Cooper, Rebecca (July 20, 2015). "Dick's Sporting Goods rolls out new national brand in Tysons Corner". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved July 4, 2018. ^ Ritenbaugh, Stephanie (July 17, 2017). "Dick's Sporting Goods prototype Chelsea Collective closing up shops". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved July 4, 2018. ^ a b Adamek, Steve (August 21, 2016). "Dick's Sporting Goods Acquires San Diego-Based Affinity Sports". San Diego Business Journal. ISSN 8750-6890. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Schooley, Tim (August 20, 2013). "Field & Stream store best ever opening for Dick's Sporting Goods". Pittsburgh Business Times. Retrieved September 5, 2018. ^ Gartland, Dan (February 28, 2018). "Dick's Sporting Goods Ends Sale of Assault-Style Rifles After Florida School Shooting". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved September 5, 2018. ^ Moss, Linda (March 7, 2023). "Dick's Sporting Goods To Shut Field & Stream Chain, Accelerate House of Sport Store Openings". CoStar. ^ Popken, Ben (February 28, 2018). "Dick's Sporting Goods will stop selling assault-style rifles, Walmart raising age for gun sales". NBC News. Retrieved June 27, 2018. ^ "Walmart Joins Dick's Sporting Goods in Tighter Limits on Gun Sales". NPR. February 28, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018. ^ Platsky, Jeff (March 13, 2018). "Conklin center plays large role in Dick's online growth strategy". Press & Sun-Bulletin. Retrieved September 5, 2018. ^ Platsky, Jeff (January 25, 2018). "Dick's Sporting Goods CEO Ed Stack: 'We're going to be a winner'". Press & Sun-Bulletin. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ "New Dick's Sporting Goods facility to expand, add jobs". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. April 25, 2018. ISSN 0745-9696. OCLC 9198928. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Tascarella, Patty (August 1, 2019). "Dick's Sporting Goods debuts private label line". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved August 18, 2021. ^ Salpini, Cara (April 30, 2021). "Dick's builds out brand ambassador roster for private labels". Retail Dive. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021. ^ Yoder, Jake. "It's game time! Climb the rock wall or swing for the fences at new Dick's House of Sport". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved August 18, 2021. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods 'House of Sport' opens in Rochester area". wgrz.com. April 10, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021. ^ Phil, Wahba (June 4, 2021). "Dick's is launching Public Lands chain in outdoors bet". Fortune. Archived from the original on June 4, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021. ^ Wilson, Marianne (September 19, 2022). "Dick's Sporting Goods opening more Public Lands' stores". Chain Store Age. ^ Duggan, J.D. (January 26, 2024). "Public Lands, outdoor store from Dick's Sporting Goods, to open at Woodbury Lakes". The Business Journals. ^ Mamula, Kris (November 4, 2022). "Dick's Launches Investment Fund". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. A14. Retrieved February 22, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. ^ a b "Dick's pays $225 million to acquire Golf Galaxy". The Denver Post. November 14, 2006. Retrieved July 2, 2018 – via Bloomberg News. ^ Phelps, David (July 7, 2008). "Golf Galaxy chain to lose its head office". Star Tribune. OCLC 43369847. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods Agrees to Acquire Chick's Sporting Goods". outsidebusinessjournal.com. Retrieved May 31, 2023. ^ Rovell, Darren (November 27, 2007). "Dick's Buys Chick's!". cnbc.com. Retrieved May 31, 2023. ^ La Monica, Paul R. (September 19, 2016). "Dick's Sporting Goods Is America's hottest retailer". CNNMoney. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Stachura, Mike (October 21, 2016). "Reuters: Dick's Sporting Goods buys up Golfsmith stores at bankruptcy auction". Golf Digest. ISSN 0017-176X. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Schooley, Tim (May 2, 2017). "Triad Golfsmith store rebranded as Golf Galaxy". Triad Business Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Dinges, Gary (May 15, 2017). "With Golfsmith's demise, Golf Galaxy steps into void". Austin American-Statesman. GateHouse Media. ISSN 1553-8451. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Ha, Anthony (November 28, 2016). "Dick's Sporting Goods acquires mobile scorekeeping company GameChanger Media". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 26, 2024. ^ Fonrouge, Gabrielle (February 22, 2023). "Dick's Sporting Goods to buy e-commerce outdoor retailer Moosejaw from Walmart". CNBC. ^ "Furnace Brook LLC v. Aeropostale, Inc. et al". Dockets.justia.com. Retrieved December 1, 2012. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods Announces Completion Of Review Of Acctg For Leases And Construction Allowances". Phx.corporate-ir.net. Archived from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2016. ^ "The Turtle Company Inc. V. Pro Specialities Group Inc. Et Al". Dockets.justia.com. June 29, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2012. ^ ABC News (March 5, 2014). "Dick's Sporting Goods Accuses Rival Modell's of Spying". ABC News. ^ Verdon, Joan (April 13, 2014). "Settlement in Mitch Modell spy case". The Bergen Record. NorthJersey.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2014. ^ EST, Maria Perez On 3/6/18 at 11:49 AM (March 6, 2018). "A 20-year-old from Oregon is suing Walmart and Dick's Sporting Goods for denying him a rifle". Newsweek. Retrieved June 5, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ "18-year-old sues Dick's Sporting Goods in second-known gun policy lawsuit". WLTX. Retrieved June 5, 2019. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods Settles Lawsuit over Gun Sale Age Restrictions". ^ Sherfinski, David (December 30, 2018). "Stores increasing age requirement to buy guns raises legal questions". The Washington Times. ^ Vuong, Andy (November 8, 2006). "Kroenke extols stadium deal". The Denver Post. Retrieved July 3, 2018. ^ Muret, Don (July 12, 2010). "Penguins add five new sponsors for Consol Energy Center". Pittsburgh Business Times. Retrieved July 3, 2018. ^ Herrington, Ryan. "Dick's Sporting Goods Open champ Scott McCarron is becoming a senior force after winning third title of 2017". Golf Digest. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ "Photos: Dick's Sporting Goods Pittsburgh Marathon". Pittsburgh Business Times. May 9, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ Rovell, Darren (July 24, 2009). "New Roethlisberger Spot Will Continue To Air". CNBC. Retrieved July 3, 2018. ^ Mamula, Kris B. (February 10, 2015). "Dick's in sponsorship deal with United States Olympic Committee". Pittsburgh Business Times. Retrieved July 3, 2018. ^ Pasquarelli, Adrianne (March 4, 2016). "Dicks Kicks Off its Olympics Marketing with New Spot". Advertising Age. Retrieved July 3, 2018. ^ Wattles, Jackie (July 20, 2016). "Olympic contenders get help clearing financial bar from sporting goods chain". CNNMoney. Retrieved July 3, 2018. ^ Knowlton, Emmett (March 17, 2016). "Sporting goods company gives hundreds of Olympic hopefuls one of their most-basic needs — a job". Business Insider. Retrieved July 3, 2018. ^ Kell, John (March 3, 2015). "Carrie Underwood is the newest threat to Adidas". Fortune. Retrieved September 5, 2018. ^ Carp, Sam (June 2, 2017). "Dick's Sporting Goods teams up with US Youth Soccer". SportsPro. Retrieved July 7, 2021. ^ Martin, Brandon (December 8, 2020). "Former Sooner Blake Griffin gifts athletic gear to boxing gym in Detroit". KOKH. Retrieved August 20, 2021. ^ "DICK'S SPORTING GOODS BECOMES OFFICIAL SPORTING GOODS RETAIL PARTNER OF THE WNBA". WNBA.com - Official Site of the WNBA. Retrieved May 13, 2022. ^ Verry, Peter (November 3, 2021). "Dick's Sporting Goods and Nike's New Digitally-Connected Partnership Is a Win for Their Most Loyal Customers". Footwear News. Retrieved January 8, 2024. ^ Dedaj, Paulina (April 22, 2021). "Heisman Trophy winner DeVonta Smith announces partnership with Dick's Sporting Goods' new VRST clothing line". FOXBusiness. Retrieved January 8, 2024. ^ International, Retail & Leisure (April 18, 2023). "Dick's Sporting Goods to Expand House of Sport Concept to Boston". Retail & Leisure International. Retrieved January 8, 2024. ^ Steinberg, Brian (March 8, 2023). "Dick's Sporting Goods Kicks Off March Madness With NCAA Sponsorship Pact (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved January 8, 2024. ^ "Major League Baseball Signs Multiyear Deal With Youth Sports Streaming Service". Bloomberg.com. June 28, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2024. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation Launches $25 Million Youth Sports Initiative". Philanthropy News Digest. Foundation Center. March 12, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2018. ^ "Power Players: Lauren Hobart". Sport Business Journal. June 6, 2022. ^ Frank, Gary E. (March 17, 2023). "Dick's Sporting Goods Marks 75th Anniversary with $75,000 Grants for Youth Sports". Triple Pundit. ^ Palmieri, Jean E. (April 8, 2024). "Dick's Commits $2 Million on 10th Anniversary of Its Charitable Program Sports Matter". Women’s Wear Daily. ^ Kemp, Audrey (March 16, 2023). "US Ad of the Day: Dick's names Westinghouse football team as its first grant recipient". The Drum. Retrieved April 29, 2024. ^ Verry, Peter (June 6, 2023). "Dick's Sporting Goods and Nike Partner on Their Largest Joint Marketing Partnership to Date With 'Sports Change Lives'". Footwear News. Retrieved April 29, 2024. ^ "Dick's Sporting Goods Marks 75th Anniversary with $75,000 Grants for Youth Sports". www.triplepundit.com. Retrieved February 19, 2024. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dick's Sporting Goods. Wikiquote has quotations related to Dick's Sporting Goods. Official website Business data for Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc.: BloombergGoogleReutersSEC filingsYahoo! vteDick's Sporting GoodsCurrent Field & Stream Maxfli Former Galyan's Golfsmith Oshman's Sporting Goods Sports Authority People Edward W. 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It is the largest sporting goods retailer in the United States, and is listed on the Fortune 500.[4]","title":"Dick's Sporting Goods"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sporting goods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_equipment"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Isidore-7"},{"link_name":"Coraopolis, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraopolis,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Corporate_Website-8"},{"link_name":"Findlay Township, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findlay_Township,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PennDoT-9"},{"link_name":"Pittsburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bhasin-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ABC-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Edward W. Stack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_W._Stack"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Forbes-15"},{"link_name":"Lauren Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Hobart"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rittenhouse-16"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CFO-3"},{"link_name":"CEO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"Dick's is the largest sporting goods retail company in the United States,[5] with approximately 853 stores as of 2023.[6][7] The public company is based in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania[8] and is physically located in Findlay Township, Pennsylvania[9] outside Pittsburgh, and has approximately 53,000 employees as of August 2023.[10] The company's subsidiaries include Golf Galaxy, Public Lands, and House of Sport.[11][12] In 2017, there were 690 Dick's stores and close to 100 Golf Galaxy locations.[13] The company acquired Affinity Sports, Blue Sombrero, and GameChanger.[14]Edward W. Stack is currently executive chairman.[15] Lauren Hobart is president and chief executive officer of the company[16] and Navdeep Gupta is chief financial officer, as of 2024[update].[3] Hobart succeeded Edward W. Stack as CEO on February 1, 2021, becoming the company's first female CEO.[17][18]","title":"Company overview"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Binghamton, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Begley-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Edward W. 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Stack and his siblings purchased Dick's from their father in the early 1980s,[22] when the company had two locations in Upstate New York.[23] Stack established a board of directors, opened additional stores, and relocated the company's headquarters to Pittsburgh in 1994.[24] He became chairman and chief executive officer following his father's retirement in 1984, and led the company during its initial public offering in 2002.[25]Dick's operated primarily throughout the Eastern United States until 2009, and has since expanded across the country.[26] There are more than 800 Dick's stores in 47 states, as of 2023.[27]In 2012, the company opened three True Runner stores targeting runners in Boston, the St. Louis suburb Brentwood, and Pittsburgh's Shadyside neighborhood.[28][29] The stores closed in early 2017.[30]Dick's Sporting Goods store at the King of Prussia mall in King of Prussia, PennsylvaniaDick's launched the women's athleisure, fitness, and lifestyle store Chelsea Collective in 2015,[31] opening two stores in Pittsburgh and Tysons, Virginia,[32] in the Washington, D.C. metro area. The shops closed in 2017.[33]The company launched Dick's Team Sports HQ in early 2016, offering youth sports teams websites, uniforms, and sponsorship options.[34]Dick's opened its first Field & Stream store in Cranberry Township, a suburb of Pittsburgh, in 2013.[35] Thirty-five Field & Stream stores were open across the country as of 2018.[36] In 2023, Dick's shuttered its Field & Stream brand by converting its remaining Field & Stream stores to its House of Sport concept or large format DICK'S stores.[37]Following the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in February 2018, Dick's stopped selling assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, and increased the minimum age for purchasing guns to 21.[7][12] Dick's-branded stores had suspended assault-style weapon sales following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012, but the guns were still available for purchase at Field & Stream locations.[38][39] Dick's has never carried bump stocks.[7]The company currently operates five distribution centers.[40] The most recent, in Conklin in Southern Tier, New York opened in January 2018,[41] and was further expanded to fulfill online sales a few months later.[42]In 2019, Dick's launched its private-label clothing line called DSG.[43] The company's other brands include the women's line Calia, and their menswear brand VRST.[44]Dick's opened its first \"House of Sport\" concept stores in Victor, New York and Knoxville, Tennessee in 2021.[45] The stores are larger than Dick's flagship locations, sell higher-end gear and include features such as an outdoor turf field and track, climbing wall, batting cages, and a digital golf range.[46] Dick's also launched Public Lands in 2021, a chain of stores that focuses on outdoor recreation including camping, hiking, and biking.[47]In 2021, Dick's opened its first Public Lands store. Public Lands donates 1% of sales to the Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation's Public Lands Fund, which promotes conservation and outdoor activities.[48][49]In 2022, Dick's Sporting Goods launched DSG Ventures, an investment fund worth $50 million.[50]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Galyan's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galyan%27s"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pays-51"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pays-51"},{"link_name":"Eden Prairie, Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Prairie,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Adamek-34"},{"link_name":"Sports Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Authority"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"Golfsmith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfsmith"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"GameChanger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameChanger"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"Moosejaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosejaw"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"}],"sub_title":"Acquisitions","text":"Dick's acquired Galyan's in July 2004.[51] The company agreed to purchase Golf Galaxy for $225 million in November 2006.[51] Dick's confirmed plans to close Golf Galaxy's headquarters in Eden Prairie, Minnesota in mid 2008.[52]Dick's acquired Chick's Sporting Goods in November 2007 for $71 million. At the time, Chicks' operated 15 specialty sporting goods stores in Southern California.[53][54]Dick's purchased the San Diego-based sports management technology company Affinity Sports for an undisclosed amount in mid 2016.[34] In September, Dick's acquired Sports Authority's brand name and intellectual property. There were 450 Sports Authority locations at the time.[55]Dick's acquired Golfsmith, the largest golf retailer in the United States, at a bankruptcy auction in October 2016. Dick's bid approximately $70 million for all of Golfsmith's intellectual property and inventory. The company planned to retain around 30 of Golfsmith's more than 100 locations, as well as 500 employees.[56] Dick's rebranded 36–38 Golfsmith stores in 16 U.S. states as Golf Galaxy in 2017.[57] This increased the number of Golf Galaxy stores to 98, located in 33 states.[58]In 2016, Dick’s Sporting Goods also acquired GameChanger, a mobile scoring app company.[59]In February 2023, Dick’s Sporting Goods purchased Moosejaw from Walmart for an undisclosed amount.[60]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"Modell's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modell%27s"},{"link_name":"Undercover Boss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercover_Boss_(U.S._TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"},{"link_name":"age discrimination","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_discrimination"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"}],"sub_title":"Lawsuits and legal proceedings","text":"In July 1971, Dick's was told of infringing a patent owned by Furnace Brook, LLC, in a lawsuit filed in the Northern District of Illinois.[61]\nOn March 31, 2005, the company restated the first three fiscal quarters of 2004 as well as full-year figures due to adjustments to its accounting for leases and tenant or construction allowances.[62]\nIn June 2009, Dick's was accused of infringing a patent owned by The Donkey Company, Inc., in a lawsuit filed in District Court for the District of New Jersey.[63]\nIn February 2014, Dick's brought a lawsuit against Modell's Sporting Goods CEO, Mitchell Modell (who featured on an episode of Undercover Boss in 2012), for going undercover into one of their stores to gain access to retail secrets.[64] The lawsuit was settled out of court by April for undisclosed terms. Independent analysts suggested that Modell visited the store on a whim, rather than as part of some plot to steal information.[65]\nIn 2018, Dick's was sued for age discrimination by at least two people for no longer selling long guns to 18-20 year olds where legal.[66][67] One case was settled in November 2018; details of the settlement are confidential, but it did not directly result in any changes to the retailer's policies.[68] The second case was reported as \"resolved\" by an attorney for the plaintiff in late 2018 without disclosing details of any settlement.[69]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dick's Sporting Goods Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods_Park"},{"link_name":"soccer-specific stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer-specific_stadium"},{"link_name":"Colorado Rapids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Rapids"},{"link_name":"Commerce City, Colorado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_City,_Colorado"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"Pittsburgh Penguins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins"},{"link_name":"PPG Paints Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPG_Paints_Arena"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"},{"link_name":"Dick's Sporting Goods Open","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods_Open"},{"link_name":"Pittsburgh Marathon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Marathon"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-74"},{"link_name":"2016 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Paralympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Paralympics"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"United States Olympic Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"},{"link_name":"Carrie Underwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_Underwood"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"},{"link_name":"United States Youth Soccer Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Youth_Soccer_Association"},{"link_name":"US Youth Soccer National Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Youth_Soccer_National_Championships"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SportsPro_2June2017-80"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"},{"link_name":"WNBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-82"},{"link_name":"Nike","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc."},{"link_name":"DeVonta Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeVonta_Smith"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-83"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-84"},{"link_name":"Boston Athletic Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Athletic_Association"},{"link_name":"Boston Marathon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Marathon"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-85"},{"link_name":"NCAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-86"},{"link_name":"GameChanger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameChanger"},{"link_name":"Major League Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-87"}],"text":"The company signed a 20-year naming rights agreement for Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a soccer-specific stadium for the Colorado Rapids team in Commerce City, Colorado, in 2006.[70] Dick's has sponsored the Pittsburgh Penguins and the team's home arena, PPG Paints Arena (formerly Consol Energy Center).[71]Sporting events sponsored by Dick's have included the Dick's Sporting Goods Open and the Pittsburgh Marathon.[72][73] Dick's began sponsoring ESPN's college football kickoff week in 2009.[74]In 2015, the company sponsored Olympic and Paralympic athletes and hopefuls, and became the \"official sporting goods retailer\" for Team USA for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[75] Dick's and Team USA established the Ambassador Program and Contender's Program in partnership with the United States Olympic Committee, employing Olympians and prospective Olympic athletes. Dick's employed approximately 200 Team USA athletes competing in 35 different Olympic and Paralympic sports, as of March–July 2016.[76][77] The athletes worked in 89 stores in 32 states.[78]Dick's partnered with Carrie Underwood in 2015 to launch Calia, a fitness lifestyle line.[79]In 2017, Dick's entered a multiyear partnership with the United States Youth Soccer Association to provide team management technology and sponsor the US Youth Soccer National Championships.[80][81]Since September 2021, Dick’s has been in a multi-year agreement to be the official retail partner of the WNBA.[82]In 2021, Dick's collaborated with Nike and DeVonta Smith.[83][84] In 2023, the company worked with the Boston Athletic Association, making Dick's the official sponsor of all of the association's events, including the 2023 Boston Marathon and associated events.[85] They also became the official sporting-goods retailer of the NCAA.[86] That same year, Dick's subsidiary GameChanger signed a deal with Major League Baseball to promote youth sports.[87]","title":"Partnerships and sponsorships"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PND-88"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-91"},{"link_name":"Nike, Inc.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc."},{"link_name":"Mike Trout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Trout"},{"link_name":"A'ja Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27ja_Wilson"},{"link_name":"Carmelo Anthony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelo_Anthony"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"},{"link_name":"USD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USD"},{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-94"}],"text":"In 2014, the Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation committed up to $2 million annually to fund youth sports via its Sports Matter program.[88] The Sports Matter program was initiated in 2014 to provide grants, equipment, and sponsorships to underserved youth sports programs.[89][90] Since its inception, Sports Matter has pledged more than $100 million, giving over 2 million young athletes the opportunity to participate in sports activities.[91]In 2023, Dick’s Sporting Goods launched the ‘Sports Change Lives’ campaign to encourage participation in sports. The campaign partnered with Nike, Inc., to feature athletes such as Mike Trout, A'ja Wilson, and Carmelo Anthony. Participating athletes each nominate a youth sports organization to receive a $75,000 grant. [92][93]As of 2023, Dick’s Sporting Goods and its foundation has pledged $170 million USD for youth sports initiatives.[94]","title":"Dick's Sporting Goods Foundation"}]
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[{"reference":"\"FY 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)\". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. March 28, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1089063/000108906324000037/dks-20240203.htm","url_text":"\"FY 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Management\". Dick's Sporting Goods. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200720035443/http://investors.dicks.com/management/Index?KeyGenPage=1073753826","url_text":"\"Management\""},{"url":"http://investors.dicks.com/management/Index?KeyGenPage=1073753826","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Broughton, Kristin; Kellaher, Colin (August 19, 2021). \"Dick's Sporting Goods Promotes Navdeep Gupta to CFO\". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved January 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/dicks-sporting-goods-promotes-navdeep-gupta-to-cfo-11629394120","url_text":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods Promotes Navdeep Gupta to CFO\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660","url_text":"0099-9660"}]},{"reference":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods\". Fortune. Archived from the original on October 28, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191028220235/https://fortune.com/fortune500/dicks-sporting-goods/","url_text":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)","url_text":"Fortune"},{"url":"http://fortune.com/fortune500/dicks-sporting-goods/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Mosendz, Polly; Townsend, Matt (May 3, 2018). \"Dick's Sporting Goods ramps up gun control push, hires lobbyist\". The Denver Post. Digital First Media. ISSN 1930-2193. 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Bloomberg.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-22/dick-s-sporting-goods-lays-off-250-corporate-employees","url_text":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods Lays Off 250 Corporate Employees\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods latest record quarter prompts special dividend\". www.bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on August 26, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2021/08/25/dicks-reports-another-record-quarter.html","url_text":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods latest record quarter prompts special dividend\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210826022104/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2021/08/25/dicks-reports-another-record-quarter.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Caplan, David; Kindelan, Katie (February 28, 2018). \"Dick's Sporting Goods CEO on decision to no longer sell assault-style rifles: 'We don't want to be a part of this story'\". ABC News. 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The Washington Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/30/stores-increasing-age-requirement-to-buy-guns-rais/","url_text":"\"Stores increasing age requirement to buy guns raises legal questions\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times","url_text":"The Washington Times"}]},{"reference":"Vuong, Andy (November 8, 2006). \"Kroenke extols stadium deal\". The Denver Post. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.denverpost.com/2006/11/08/kroenke-extols-stadium-deal/","url_text":"\"Kroenke extols stadium deal\""}]},{"reference":"Muret, Don (July 12, 2010). \"Penguins add five new sponsors for Consol Energy Center\". Pittsburgh Business Times. 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(March 17, 2023). \"Dick's Sporting Goods Marks 75th Anniversary with $75,000 Grants for Youth Sports\". Triple Pundit.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.triplepundit.com/story/2023/dicks-sporting-goods-youth-sports/768951","url_text":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods Marks 75th Anniversary with $75,000 Grants for Youth Sports\""}]},{"reference":"Palmieri, Jean E. (April 8, 2024). \"Dick's Commits $2 Million on 10th Anniversary of Its Charitable Program Sports Matter\". Women’s Wear Daily.","urls":[{"url":"https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/dicks-sporting-goods-2-million-10th-anniversary-sports-matters-program-1236305159/","url_text":"\"Dick's Commits $2 Million on 10th Anniversary of Its Charitable Program Sports Matter\""}]},{"reference":"Kemp, Audrey (March 16, 2023). \"US Ad of the Day: Dick's names Westinghouse football team as its first grant recipient\". The Drum. Retrieved April 29, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thedrum.com/news/2023/03/16/us-ad-the-day-dick-s-names-westinghouse-football-team-its-first-grant-recipient","url_text":"\"US Ad of the Day: Dick's names Westinghouse football team as its first grant recipient\""}]},{"reference":"Verry, Peter (June 6, 2023). \"Dick's Sporting Goods and Nike Partner on Their Largest Joint Marketing Partnership to Date With 'Sports Change Lives'\". Footwear News. Retrieved April 29, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://footwearnews.com/business/retail/dicks-sporting-goods-nike-sports-change-lives-campaign-1203472864/","url_text":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods and Nike Partner on Their Largest Joint Marketing Partnership to Date With 'Sports Change Lives'\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods Marks 75th Anniversary with $75,000 Grants for Youth Sports\". www.triplepundit.com. Retrieved February 19, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.triplepundit.com/story/2023/dicks-sporting-goods-youth-sports/768951","url_text":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods Marks 75th Anniversary with $75,000 Grants for Youth Sports\""}]}]
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Et Al\""},{"Link":"https://abcnews.go.com/Business/dicks-sporting-goods-accuses-rival-modells-spying/story?id=22756803","external_links_name":"\"Dick's Sporting Goods Accuses Rival Modell's of Spying\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161017180556/http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/settlement-in-mitch-modell-spy-case-1.877440","external_links_name":"\"Settlement in Mitch Modell spy case\""},{"Link":"http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/settlement-in-mitch-modell-spy-case-1.877440","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.newsweek.com/guns-lawsuit-wal-mart-dicks-sporting-goods-oregon-us-832615","external_links_name":"\"A 20-year-old from Oregon is suing Walmart and Dick's Sporting Goods for denying him a rifle\""},{"Link":"https://www.wltx.com/article/news/nation-now/18-year-old-sues-dicks-sporting-goods-in-second-known-gun-policy-lawsuit/465-d8b62b1c-4357-45d7-9f2f-2c35ac34b3d3","external_links_name":"\"18-year-old sues Dick's Sporting Goods in 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berwick_Law
North Berwick Law
["1 Geology","2 History","3 Access to the summit","4 See also","5 Gallery","6 References","7 External links"]
Coordinates: 56°02′55″N 2°42′57″W / 56.04859°N 2.71597°W / 56.04859; -2.71597Hill in East Lothian, Scotland North Berwick LawNorth Berwick Law seen fromthe seafront of North BerwickHighest pointElevation187 m (614 ft)Prominence168 m (551 ft)Isolation9.77 km (6.07 mi) ListingMarilynCoordinates56°02′55″N 2°42′57″W / 56.04859°N 2.71597°W / 56.04859; -2.71597GeographyNorth Berwick LawEast Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom OS gridNT555842Topo mapOS Landranger 66 Berwick Law from the east North Berwick Law, sometimes abbreviated to Berwick Law, is a conical hill which rises conspicuously from the surrounding landscape (this is the definition of the Lowland Scots word "law"). It overlooks the East Lothian town of North Berwick, Scotland, and stands at 613 ft (187 m) above sea level. It is considerably steeper (1:1 gradient) on its north side. Geology Geologically, the law is a volcanic plug of hard phonolitic trachyte rock of Carboniferous (Dinantian) age. It has survived the scraping glaciers of the ice age. It is a crag and tail with a prominent tail extending eastwards. History The summit bears remnants of an Iron Age hill fort, and the ruins of later military buildings that were once used by lookouts in both the Napoleonic Wars, and in World War II. Since 1709 the law has been topped with a whale's jawbone. The bone was replaced three times until being removed, due to safety concerns, in 2005. On 26 June 2008, a fibreglass replica whale bone, the same size as the one that was removed in 2005, was airlifted into place to give North Berwick Law back its landmark. The funding for the replica was donated by an anonymous friend of North Berwick. Access to the summit The summit of the hill can be reached by a foothpath starting from a car park located at the foot of the law. The round trip takes about one hour's walk. In order to reduce soil erosion it's warmly recommended to hikers not to leave the established path. The hill top, in clear weather, offers views of the Firth of Forth and of the nearby Bass Rock island. See also Breast shaped hills List of inselbergs List of mountains in Scotland Gallery North Berwick Law, North Berwick, East Lothian Berwick Law, seen from the town The whale's jawbone as it sat on top of North Berwick Law The replica of the original jawbone An anonymous friend of the town donated the replica jawbone Viewpoint indicator on North Berwick Law, with the Bass Rock in the background References ^ a b "North Berwick Law". Database of British and Irish Hills. Retrieved 3 October 2018. ^ "Law". Dictionary of the Scots Language. Retrieved 28 May 2015. ^ Read, W. A. et al. (2002) Carboniferous, page 294 in Trewin, N. H. (2002) The Geology of Scotland, 4th edition, London, The Geological Society. ^ a b c "'Whale' jawbones put back on hill". 26 June 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2018. ^ Scotsman.com ^ Bardwell, Sandra; Megarry, Jacquetta (2018). John Muir Way: A Scottish coast-to-coast route. Rucksack Readers. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-898481-83-6. Retrieved 6 October 2018. ^ Sawyers, June Skinner (1999). Maverick Guide to Scotland. Pelican Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4556-0866-9. Retrieved 6 October 2018. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to North Berwick Law. Computer-generated virtual panoramas North Berwick Law Stuart McHardy, The Goddess in the Landscape of Scotland Authority control databases VIAF
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It is a crag and tail with a prominent tail extending eastwards.","title":"Geology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Iron Age hill fort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age_hill_fort"},{"link_name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"}],"text":"The summit bears remnants of an Iron Age hill fort, and the ruins of later military buildings that were once used by lookouts in both the Napoleonic Wars, and in World War II.Since 1709 the law has been topped with a whale's jawbone.[4] The bone was replaced three times until being removed, due to safety concerns, in 2005.[4] On 26 June 2008, a fibreglass replica whale bone, the same size as the one that was removed in 2005, was airlifted into place to give North Berwick Law back its landmark.[5] The funding for the replica was donated by an anonymous friend of North Berwick.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Firth of Forth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth"},{"link_name":"Bass Rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_Rock"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"The summit of the hill can be reached by a foothpath starting from a car park located at the foot of the law. The round trip takes about one hour's walk. In order to reduce soil erosion it's warmly recommended to hikers not to leave the established path.[6] The hill top, in clear weather, offers views of the Firth of Forth and of the nearby Bass Rock island.[7]","title":"Access to the summit"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_Berwick_Law_-_April_2012.JPG"},{"link_name":"East Lothian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Lothian"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Berwick_Law,_North_Berwick.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bb-berwicklaw.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Replica_Whale%27s_Jawbone_on_North_Berwick_Law.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sign_on_top_of_North_Berwick_Law_-_Whale_Jaw_Bone_Replica.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Viewpoint_indicator.jpg"},{"link_name":"Bass Rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_Rock"}],"text":"North Berwick Law, North Berwick, East Lothian\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tBerwick Law, seen from the town\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe whale's jawbone as it sat on top of North Berwick Law\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe replica of the original jawbone\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAn anonymous friend of the town donated the replica jawbone\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViewpoint indicator on North Berwick Law, with the Bass Rock in the background","title":"Gallery"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_Iranian_Students
Confederation of Iranian Students
["1 History","1.1 Events","2 See also","3 References","4 Further reading"]
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Persian. (October 2018) Click for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Persian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Persian Wikipedia article at ]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|fa|کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی-اتحادیهٔ ملی}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. Confederation of Iranian StudentsConfederation of Iranian Students National Unionکنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی – اتحادیهٔ ملیAbbreviationCISNUNicknameConfederationPredecessorIranian Students Association in the United States, Confederation of Iranian Students (Europe)Formationearly 1960sTypenon-governmental organizationFormerly calledFederation of Iranian Students' Islamic Societies in Europe and America Confederation of Iranian Students National Union (Persian: کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی – اتحادیهٔ ملی; Konfederāsiyon-e Jahāni-ye Mohasselin va Dāneshjuyān-e Irāni – Ettehādiye-ye Melli, simply known as the Confederation, or the Federation of Iranian Students) was an international non-governmental organization purposed as the students' union of Iranians studying abroad active during the 1960s and 1970s. It was more active in Germany, France, England and the United States, among other countries. The Confederation was a politically autonomous organization, made up by sympathizers of different Iranian opposition groups to Shah. History In 1952, the Iranian Students Association in the United States (ISAUS) had been founded, an effort by the Iranian embassy and American Friends of the Middle East, which has since been linked to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In April 1960 student representatives from Germany, France, and England met in Heidelberg and established the Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS) in Europe. These two groups ISAUS and CIS merged to form the Confederation of Iranian Students National Union. By the 1960s, there had been an international emergence of political opposition to the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's leadership in Iran. Many additional student groups supporting the Iranian opposition organized together to join the Confederation, including the Iran Liberation Movement, Socialist League of the Iranian National Movement, Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party, Storm Marxist-Leninist Organization, as well as others. In 1965, some CISNU leaders were arrested for attempting to murder Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi; as a result the event the group pushed towards more "radicalization". By 1971, the Iranian government stated CISNU to be an illegal group. In 1973, 18,035 Iranian passport holders were officially recorded as living abroad on foreign student visas, 93% of whom were male. Of these students, 42% were living in the United States, 24% in Germany, 10% in the United Kingdom, 6% in Austria, and 5% in France. Events In May and June 1967, the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi visited West Germany. On June 2, 1967 in West Berlin, Iranian and German students (including the Socialist German Student Union) protested the Shahs visit, and it resulted in one student dying. The CISNU were part of the forefront of European-wide protests in 1967 and 1968. On October 14, 1971, a bomb exploded around 11:30 PM in the Iranian Consulate San Francisco  located at 3400 Washington Street while the 2500th anniversary of the creation of the Persian empire was being celebrated in Iran. The explosion did not cause any injuries. Prior to that, the consulate had been the site of protests against the Shah's regime and policies. So, some linked this event to the Confederation. However, the leaders of the Confederation of Iranian Students in the Bay Area denied responsibility. See also Iran portalPolitics portal National Front (Iran), the opposing political party References ^ a b Rachlin, Nahid (2007-12-27). Persian Girls: A Memoir. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-00770-9. ^ a b c d e f g Matin-Asgari, Afshin (December 15, 1992). "Confederation of Iranian Students, National Union". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. 2. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 122–125. Retrieved October 28, 2011. ^ a b c d "Confederation of Iranian Students". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-01-27. ^ a b Matin-Asgari, Afshin (December 15, 1997). "Education xxi. Education Abroad". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume VIII. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. p. 226-230. Retrieved 2022-01-28. ^ a b Abadi, Eskandar (February 6, 2017). "50 years ago: How the Shah of Iran's visit impacted German history". DW.com. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2022-01-27. ^ Michel, Eckard (2017). Schahbesuch 1967. Fanal für die Studentenbewegung (in German). Links Christoph Verlag. ISBN 978-3861539438. ^ "Explosion At The Iranian Consulate In San Francisco". CBS5 KPIX-TV (video). October 15, 1971. Further reading Matin-Asgari, Afshin (2000). کنفدراسیون، تاریخ جنبش دانشجویان ایرانی در خارج از کشور ۵۷–۱۳۳۲، (in Persian). Shirazeh Publishing and Research Institute. ISBN 964-6578209. Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Limited Paperback Editions, Princeton Studies on the Near East. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691101347. vteIranian student organizationsActive Islamic Association of Students Islamic Society of Students Office for Strengthening Unity People's Mujahedin of Iran Student Basij Organization Dissolved Confederation of Iranian Students National Union Confederation of Iranian Students in Europe Iranian Students Association in the United States Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line This Iran-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This organization-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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as a result the event the group pushed towards more \"radicalization\".[3] By 1971, the Iranian government stated CISNU to be an illegal group.[3]In 1973, 18,035 Iranian passport holders were officially recorded as living abroad on foreign student visas, 93% of whom were male.[4] Of these students, 42% were living in the United States, 24% in Germany, 10% in the United Kingdom, 6% in Austria, and 5% in France.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"West Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"West Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Berlin"},{"link_name":"Socialist German Student Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialistischer_Deutscher_Studentenbund"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"Iranian Consulate San Francisco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Consulate_San_Francisco&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110706088#sitelinks-wikipedia"},{"link_name":"Persian empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"Events","text":"In May and June 1967, the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi visited West Germany.[5] On June 2, 1967 in West Berlin, Iranian and German students (including the Socialist German Student Union) protested the Shahs visit, and it resulted in one student dying.[5][6] The CISNU were part of the forefront of European-wide protests in 1967 and 1968.[3]On October 14, 1971, a bomb exploded around 11:30 PM in the Iranian Consulate San Francisco [Wikidata] located at 3400 Washington Street while the 2500th anniversary of the creation of the Persian empire was being celebrated in Iran. The explosion did not cause any injuries. Prior to that, the consulate had been the site of protests against the Shah's regime and policies. So, some linked this event to the Confederation. 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Shirazeh Publishing and Research Institute. ISBN 964-6578209.\nAbrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Limited Paperback Editions, Princeton Studies on the Near East. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691101347.vteIranian student organizationsActive\nIslamic Association of Students\nIslamic Society of Students\nOffice for Strengthening Unity\nPeople's Mujahedin of Iran\nStudent Basij Organization\nDissolved\nConfederation of Iranian Students National Union\nConfederation of Iranian Students in Europe\nIranian Students Association in the United States\nMuslim Student Followers of the Imam's LineThis Iran-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vteThis organization-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Further reading"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"Rachlin, Nahid (2007-12-27). Persian Girls: A Memoir. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-00770-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=QHelOWp2CU0C","url_text":"Persian Girls: A Memoir"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-00770-9","url_text":"978-1-101-00770-9"}]},{"reference":"Matin-Asgari, Afshin (December 15, 1992). \"Confederation of Iranian Students, National Union\". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. 2. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 122–125. Retrieved October 28, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/confederation-of-iranian-students","url_text":"\"Confederation of Iranian Students, National Union\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater","url_text":"Yarshater, Ehsan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica","url_text":"Encyclopædia Iranica"}]},{"reference":"\"Confederation of Iranian Students\". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-01-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/confederation-iranian-students","url_text":"\"Confederation of Iranian Students\""}]},{"reference":"Matin-Asgari, Afshin (December 15, 1997). \"Education xxi. Education Abroad\". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume VIII. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. p. 226-230. Retrieved 2022-01-28.","urls":[{"url":"https://iranicaonline.org/","url_text":"\"Education xxi. Education Abroad\""}]},{"reference":"Abadi, Eskandar (February 6, 2017). \"50 years ago: How the Shah of Iran's visit impacted German history\". DW.com. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2022-01-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dw.com/en/50-years-ago-how-the-shah-of-irans-visit-impacted-german-history/a-39096262","url_text":"\"50 years ago: How the Shah of Iran's visit impacted German history\""}]},{"reference":"Michel, Eckard (2017). Schahbesuch 1967. Fanal für die Studentenbewegung [The Shah's Visit in 1967. Beacon of the Student Movement] (in German). Links Christoph Verlag. ISBN 978-3861539438.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3861539438","url_text":"978-3861539438"}]},{"reference":"\"Explosion At The Iranian Consulate In San Francisco\". CBS5 KPIX-TV (video). October 15, 1971.","urls":[{"url":"https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/238279","url_text":"\"Explosion At The Iranian Consulate In San Francisco\""}]},{"reference":"Matin-Asgari, Afshin (2000). کنفدراسیون، تاریخ جنبش دانشجویان ایرانی در خارج از کشور ۵۷–۱۳۳۲، [Confederation - History of the Iranian Students' Movement Abroad 1979-1954] (in Persian). Shirazeh Publishing and Research Institute. ISBN 964-6578209.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/964-6578209","url_text":"964-6578209"}]},{"reference":"Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Limited Paperback Editions, Princeton Studies on the Near East. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691101347.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervand_Abrahamian","url_text":"Abrahamian, Ervand"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=1Og9DwAAQBAJ","url_text":"Iran Between Two Revolutions"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691101347","url_text":"9780691101347"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Russell_(politician)
Peter Russell (politician)
["1 Early life","2 Politics","3 Russell Abbey","4 Later years and legacy","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
Gambler, government official, politician and judge in Upper Canada Peter RussellGeorge Theodore Berthon's Peter RussellBorn(1733-06-11)11 June 1733Cork, Kingdom of IrelandDied30 September 1808(1808-09-30) (aged 75)York, Upper CanadaEducationCambridge (no degree)OccupationsMilitary officergovernment officialpoliticianjudge of Upper CanadaRelativesElizabeth Russell (sister) Peter Russell (11 June 1733 – 30 September 1808) was an Anglo-Irish military officer in the American War of Independence and a government official, politician and judge in Upper Canada. Early life Born in Cork, Kingdom of Ireland to Captain Richard Russell, later living in England, Russell attended the University of Cambridge briefly. His debts forced him to enter the British Army during the Seven Years' War. He was commissioned into the 14th Foot and served in the 94th Foot and the 64th Foot. After fleeing due to gambling debts, Russell returned to the American colonies during the Revolutionary War, seeking promotion in the military, served as assistant secretary to Sir Henry Clinton and being promoted Captain in 1781. He was appointed superintendent of the port of Charleston in 1782 before returning to England. Politics After several years of job-searching Russell was appointed by the British government as Receiver General for the new colonial province of Upper Canada. In 1791 he joined the administration of John Graves Simcoe, the province's first Lieutenant-Governor. Russell was also appointed to the Executive Council and Legislative Council, and served as Speaker of the Legislative Council. In July 1794, after the departure of Chief Justice William Osgoode, Simcoe issued a temporary commission to Russell to fill a vacant seat of Puisne Judge of the King’s Bench. Simcoe requested a leave of absence in December 1795 and recommended that Russell act as administrator of Upper Canada in his absence. Russell assumed the position in July 1796 on Simcoe's departure and remained administrator until 1799 when Simcoe's permanent replacement was appointed. Russell's administration saw the peaceful transfer of six border posts from the British to the Americans under the terms of the Jay Treaty. During his temporary appointment, Russell was at a disadvantage, however, as Simcoe had taken the vast majority of his official papers with him, leaving only 12 documents behind. This left Russell ignorant of British policy and of Simcoe's proposals for management of the province. Russell attempted to tighten up the system of land grants in order to curtail speculation, nepotism and corruption. He clashed with the new chief justice, John Elmsley, (who served on the Executive Council as part of his duties) over issues such as the seat of government with Elmsley objecting to the implementation of Simcoe's directions on making York the capital. Elmsley also objected to Russell's self-appointment to the Court of King's Bench due to Russell's lack of legal training and the violation of the separation of judicial and executive powers. Russell needed the extra income, however, and ignored Elmsley's objections. Peter Russell was a supporter of Native issues in the town of York, supporting them when they had issues with encroaching pioneers. However, he owned and traded in slaves. Russell Abbey Russell lived at a town home on King Street between Sherbourne and Princess (now 255 King Street East), built of timber from German Mills, Ontario. Russell lived with his sister Elizabeth and it was referred to as Russell Abbey. The home was a park lot granted to Russell in 1798. Russell died in 1808 and his sister until 1822, the home burned down in 1856. Later years and legacy By 1798 it became evident that Simcoe would never return. Russell hoped to become the new lieutenant-governor and was disappointed when Peter Hunter was given the position in 1799. Russell remained on the Executive Council but his influence waned and he had little power. When Hunter died in 1805, Russell again hoped to be named administrator but was passed over in favour of Alexander Grant. Tired of Canada, he wished to return to England but, unable to find a buyer for his 6,000 acres (24 km2) of land, he could not afford the trip and remained in the province until his death in 1808. Russell was buried at the old Garrison Burial Grounds, now Victoria Memorial Square, near Fort York. The town of Russell, Ontario takes its name after Russell. In 2020, following the George Floyd protests, the township announced it will search for a new Russell as its namesake due to Peter Russell's ownership of black slaves. See also John Button - American-born settler and militia leader whom petitioned to Russell for land grant in 1798 and later would become the community of Buttonville, Ontario References ^ Peppiatt, Liam. "Chapter 41: A Sketch of Russell Abbey". Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto Revisited. ^ "Petersfield". ^ Jones, Ryan Patrick (7 July 2020). "Search begins for a new Russell after town's namesake tied to slavery". CBC News. Retrieved 7 July 2020. External links Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Peter Russell fonds, Archives of Ontario Government offices Preceded byJohn Graves Simcoe Administrator of Upper Canada 1796–1799 Succeeded byPeter Hunter New post Auditor General of Land Patents for Upper Canada 1791–1808 Succeeded byWilliam Hallan vteLieutenant governors of OntarioPost-Confederation(1867–present) Stisted Howland Crawford D. A. Macdonald J. B. Robinson Campbell Kirkpatrick Gzowski Mowat Clark Gibson Hendrie Clarke Cockshutt Ross Mulock H. A. Bruce Matthews Lawson Breithaupt MacKay Rowe W. R. Macdonald McGibbon Aird Alexander Jackman Weston Bartleman Onley Dowdeswell Dumont Province of Canada(1841–67)* Clitherow (Deputy) Jackson (Administrator) Bagot Metcalfe Cathcart Elgin E. W. Head Monck Upper Canada(1791–1841) Simcoe Russell Hunter Grant Gore Brock Sheaffe de Rottenburg Drummond Murray F. P. Robinson Smith Maitland Colborne Bond Head Arthur Thomson British Province of Quebec(1759–91)* Amherst Murray Carleton Haldimand Carleton (2nd time) * The Crown's representative from 1759 to 1791, and from 1841 to 1866 held the office and rank of Governor-General. Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National United States Other SNAC
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His debts forced him to enter the British Army during the Seven Years' War. He was commissioned into the 14th Foot and served in the 94th Foot and the 64th Foot.After fleeing due to gambling debts, Russell returned to the American colonies during the Revolutionary War, seeking promotion in the military, served as assistant secretary to Sir Henry Clinton and being promoted Captain in 1781. He was appointed superintendent of the port of Charleston in 1782 before returning to England.","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Upper Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Canada"},{"link_name":"John Graves Simcoe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Graves_Simcoe"},{"link_name":"Executive Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Upper_Canada"},{"link_name":"Legislative Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Upper_Canada"},{"link_name":"Speaker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_(politics)"},{"link_name":"Jay Treaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Treaty"},{"link_name":"John Elmsley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elmsley"},{"link_name":"York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"After several years of job-searching Russell was appointed by the British government as Receiver General for the new colonial province of Upper Canada. In 1791 he joined the administration of John Graves Simcoe, the province's first Lieutenant-Governor. Russell was also appointed to the Executive Council and Legislative Council, and served as Speaker of the Legislative Council. In July 1794, after the departure of Chief Justice William Osgoode, Simcoe issued a temporary commission to Russell to fill a vacant seat of Puisne Judge of the King’s Bench.Simcoe requested a leave of absence in December 1795 and recommended that Russell act as administrator of Upper Canada in his absence. Russell assumed the position in July 1796 on Simcoe's departure and remained administrator until 1799 when Simcoe's permanent replacement was appointed.Russell's administration saw the peaceful transfer of six border posts from the British to the Americans under the terms of the Jay Treaty. During his temporary appointment, Russell was at a disadvantage, however, as Simcoe had taken the vast majority of his official papers with him, leaving only 12 documents behind. This left Russell ignorant of British policy and of Simcoe's proposals for management of the province.Russell attempted to tighten up the system of land grants in order to curtail speculation, nepotism and corruption. He clashed with the new chief justice, John Elmsley, (who served on the Executive Council as part of his duties) over issues such as the seat of government with Elmsley objecting to the implementation of Simcoe's directions on making York the capital.Elmsley also objected to Russell's self-appointment to the Court of King's Bench due to Russell's lack of legal training and the violation of the separation of judicial and executive powers. Russell needed the extra income, however, and ignored Elmsley's objections.Peter Russell was a supporter of Native issues in the town of York, supporting them when they had issues with encroaching pioneers. However, he owned and traded in slaves.[1]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"German Mills, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Mills,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Russell_(Upper_Canada)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Russell lived at a town home on King Street between Sherbourne and Princess (now 255 King Street East), built of timber from German Mills, Ontario. Russell lived with his sister Elizabeth and it was referred to as Russell Abbey. The home was a park lot granted to Russell in 1798. Russell died in 1808 and his sister until 1822, the home burned down in 1856.[2]","title":"Russell Abbey"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peter Hunter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hunter_(British_Army_officer)"},{"link_name":"Alexander Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Grant_(Upper_Canada_politician)"},{"link_name":"Victoria Memorial Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Memorial_Square"},{"link_name":"Russell, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"George Floyd protests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"By 1798 it became evident that Simcoe would never return. Russell hoped to become the new lieutenant-governor and was disappointed when Peter Hunter was given the position in 1799.Russell remained on the Executive Council but his influence waned and he had little power. When Hunter died in 1805, Russell again hoped to be named administrator but was passed over in favour of Alexander Grant. Tired of Canada, he wished to return to England but, unable to find a buyer for his 6,000 acres (24 km2) of land, he could not afford the trip and remained in the province until his death in 1808. Russell was buried at the old Garrison Burial Grounds, now Victoria Memorial Square, near Fort York.The town of Russell, Ontario takes its name after Russell. In 2020, following the George Floyd protests, the township announced it will search for a new Russell as its namesake due to Peter Russell's ownership of black slaves.[3]","title":"Later years and legacy"}]
[]
[{"title":"John Button","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Button_(soldier)"},{"title":"Buttonville, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttonville,_Ontario"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expozine
Expozine
["1 History","2 Expozine Alternative Press Awards","3 Distroboto","4 External links","5 References"]
ExpozineStatusActiveGenreAlternative PressLocation(s)Montreal, QuebecCountryCanadaInaugurated2002Attendance~15000Organized byArcmtlWebsitehttp://expozine.ca/en/ Expozine is an annual small press, zine and comics fair in Montreal, Quebec. It is reported to be Canada's largest zine fair and one of the largest small press fairs in North America attracting some 270 exhibitors and 15,000 visitors each autumn. Expozine It was co-founded by Billy Mavreas and Louis Rastelli. It is organized by ARCMTL, an archive for publications, ephemera and audio-visual documents related to the history of Montreal and it's artistic, literary and counter-cultural scene. Throughout the years, the fair has showcased work from notable small press writers and publishers such as Invisible Books, Broken Pencil, Maisonneuve, New Escapologist, Kate Beaton, and Drawn & Quarterly. The exhibitors at Expozine comme from a diversity of publishing and print-based practices from both Francophone and Anglophone communities. History The first Expozine took place in 2002 and has continued to showcase independent publishing from around the world every subsequent year. The first editions of Expozine were held at the Sala Rossa (2002), Relais Mont-Royal (2003) and Station C (2004) and for several years following in the basement of the Saint-Enfant-Jesus church in the Mile End neighbourhood. More recent editions have been held at Église Saint-Denis (2016, 2017) and Église Saint-Arsène (2018, 2019). The 2020 edition was held as a virtual fair. In 2015, ARCMTL was listed among the finalists for the 30th annual Grand Prix du Conseil des arts de Montréal, for their organisation of Expozine. Expozine Alternative Press Awards The Expozine Alternative Press Awards recognize the best of the publications available at a given year's Expozine fair. It awards publications in several categories such as book, zine, and comic, in Canada's two official languages of English and French. The awards are granted at an annual gala separate to the main Expozine event. Distroboto Expozine has a year-round companion project called Distroboto, which consists of a citywide network of cigarette machines repurposed to dispense small press publications. The Distroboto zine vending machines are placed in various locations around the city. External links Official Website Awards Webpage with archive of winners Distroboto Website Expozine Photos Archived 2013-09-28 at the Wayback Machine Photographic coverage of Expozine 2013 by Cult MTL References ^ a b "Lit Scene Supreme: Expozine 2013 | Fringe Arts". thelinknewspaper.ca. ^ "Rentrée québécoise 2014". ^ "Home | Montreal Gazette | Montreal Gazette". Archived from the original on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-12. ^ "Expozine: Dix ans d'édition parallèle". 25 November 2011. ^ a b "'Artifacts you can hold': Zine culture endures in the age of the Internet - Yahoo News Canada". ca.news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. ^ Demchinsky, Bryan (2015-11-06). "Behind Expozine and Archive Montreal is a man driven to protect the past". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2021-04-29. ^ a b c "Expozine: The Best of Small Presses - Blue Metropolis". bluemetropolis.org. Archived from the original on 2014-09-13. ^ "Hark, a vagrant: 227". ^ "Expozine: D+Q in Montreal this weekend! – Drawn & Quarterly". ^ a b Magalhaès, Zoé (2019-11-13). "Expozine et la petite histoire du fanzine". Journal Métro (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-29. ^ "Expozine". Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2014-09-20. ^ "Alternative markets: Why publishers are turning to zine fairs to woo new readers". 19 October 2012. ^ "2017". Expozine. Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-04-29.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) ^ "2020". Expozine. Retrieved 2021-04-29. ^ "Conseil des Arts de Montréal - 30th Grand Prix du Conseil des arts de Montréal: Finalists and Wall of Winners unveiled". www.artsmontreal.org. Retrieved 2021-04-29. ^ "Long live Montreal's underground art". 20 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014. ^ Grayson, Margaret (2019-12-19). "Zine Scene: Exploring Montréal's Indie Artistry". Seven Days. Retrieved 2021-04-29. vteComic festivals and alternative comics conventionsAsia Comifuro (Indonesia) Comiket (Japan) COMITIA (Japan) Niigata Comic Market (Japan) Europe Amadora BD (Portugal) Angoulême International Comics Festival (France) Comic Con Ukraine (Ukraine) Etna Comics (Italy) Fumetto International Comics Festival (Switzerland) Helsinki Comics Festival (Finland) International Comics Festival (Serbia) Lakes International Comic Art Festival (United Kingdom) Lille Comics Festival (France) Lucca Comics & Games (Italy) Napoli Comicon (Italy) Thought Bubble Festival (United Kingdom) North AmericaCanada Expozine (Quebec) Toronto Comic Arts Festival (Ontario) USA Cartoon Crossroads Columbus (Ohio) Chicago Alternative Comics Expo (CAKE) (Illinois) Comic Arts Los Angeles (California) East Coast Black Age of Comics Convention (Pennsylvania) FLUKE (Georgia) MoCCA Festival (New York) Small Press and Alternative Comics Expo (Ohio) Small Press Expo (Maryland) STAPLE! (Texas) South America Bienal de Quadrinhos de Curitiba (Brazil) Fantabaires (Argentina) Festival Internacional de Quadrinhos (Brazil) PerifaCon (Brazil) Defunct Alternative Press Expo (United States) CAPTION (United Kingdom) Comic Arts Brooklyn (United States) Comica (United Kingdom) Komikazen (Italy) Stumptown Comics Fest (United States) UK Web & Mini Comix Thing (United Kingdom) This article about a literary festival is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article related to a Canadian festival is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"small press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_press"},{"link_name":"zine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zine"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-1"},{"link_name":"comics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Montreal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal"},{"link_name":"Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"North America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-1"},{"link_name":"Billy Mavreas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Mavreas"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Louis Rastelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Rastelli&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ca.news.yahoo.com-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"small press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_press"},{"link_name":"Invisible Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invisible_Books&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bluemetropolis.org-7"},{"link_name":"Broken Pencil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_Pencil"},{"link_name":"Maisonneuve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisonneuve_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bluemetropolis.org-7"},{"link_name":"New Escapologist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Escapologist"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bluemetropolis.org-7"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ca.news.yahoo.com-5"},{"link_name":"Kate Beaton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Beaton"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Drawn & Quarterly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawn_%26_Quarterly"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-10"}],"text":"Expozine is an annual small press, zine[1] and comics[2] fair in Montreal, Quebec. It is reported to be Canada's largest zine fair[3] and one of the largest small press fairs in North America attracting some 270 exhibitors and 15,000 visitors each autumn.[1]Expozine It was co-founded by Billy Mavreas[4] and Louis Rastelli.[5] It is organized by ARCMTL, an archive for publications, ephemera and audio-visual documents related to the history of Montreal and it's artistic, literary and counter-cultural scene.[6]Throughout the years, the fair has showcased work from notable small press writers and publishers such as Invisible Books,[7] Broken Pencil, Maisonneuve,[7] New Escapologist,[7][5] Kate Beaton,[8] and Drawn & Quarterly.[9] The exhibitors at Expozine comme from a diversity of publishing and print-based practices from both Francophone and Anglophone communities.[10]","title":"Expozine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-10"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"The first Expozine took place in 2002[11][12] and has continued to showcase independent publishing from around the world every subsequent year.The first editions of Expozine were held at the Sala Rossa (2002), Relais Mont-Royal (2003) and Station C (2004) and for several years following in the basement of the Saint-Enfant-Jesus church in the Mile End neighbourhood.[10] More recent editions have been held at Église Saint-Denis (2016, 2017) and Église Saint-Arsène (2018, 2019).[13] The 2020 edition was held as a virtual fair.[14]In 2015, ARCMTL was listed among the finalists for the 30th annual Grand Prix du Conseil des arts de Montréal, for their organisation of Expozine.[15]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The Expozine Alternative Press Awards recognize the best of the publications available at a given year's Expozine fair. It awards publications in several categories such as book, zine, and comic, in Canada's two official languages of English and French. The awards are granted at an annual gala separate to the main Expozine event.","title":"Expozine Alternative Press Awards"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"cigarette machines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette_machine"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Expozine has a year-round companion project called Distroboto, which consists of a citywide network of cigarette machines repurposed to dispense small press publications.[16] The Distroboto zine vending machines are placed in various locations around the city.[17]","title":"Distroboto"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Lit Scene Supreme: Expozine 2013 | Fringe Arts\". thelinknewspaper.ca.","urls":[{"url":"https://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/lit-scene-supreme-expozine-2013","url_text":"\"Lit Scene Supreme: Expozine 2013 | Fringe Arts\""}]},{"reference":"\"Rentrée québécoise 2014\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.journaldemontreal.com/2014/08/23/rentree-quebecoise-2014","url_text":"\"Rentrée québécoise 2014\""}]},{"reference":"\"Home | Montreal Gazette | Montreal Gazette\". Archived from the original on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140912225138/http://blogs.montrealgazette.com/2013/11/15/crooked-fagazine-is-smutty-tribute-to-zine-culture-at-montreals-expozine-fair/","url_text":"\"Home | Montreal Gazette | Montreal Gazette\""},{"url":"http://blogs.montrealgazette.com/2013/11/15/crooked-fagazine-is-smutty-tribute-to-zine-culture-at-montreals-expozine-fair/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Expozine: Dix ans d'édition parallèle\". 25 November 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.lapresse.ca/arts/livres/201111/25/01-4471502-expozine-dix-ans-dedition-parallele.php","url_text":"\"Expozine: Dix ans d'édition parallèle\""}]},{"reference":"\"'Artifacts you can hold': Zine culture endures in the age of the Internet - Yahoo News Canada\". ca.news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141129051310/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/artifacts-hold-zine-culture-endures-age-internet-170841191.html","url_text":"\"'Artifacts you can hold': Zine culture endures in the age of the Internet - Yahoo News Canada\""},{"url":"https://ca.news.yahoo.com/artifacts-hold-zine-culture-endures-age-internet-170841191.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Demchinsky, Bryan (2015-11-06). \"Behind Expozine and Archive Montreal is a man driven to protect the past\". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2021-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/books/the-man-behind-expozine-and-archive-montreal-on-a-preservation-streak","url_text":"\"Behind Expozine and Archive Montreal is a man driven to protect the past\""}]},{"reference":"\"Expozine: The Best of Small Presses - Blue Metropolis\". bluemetropolis.org. Archived from the original on 2014-09-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140913105556/http://bluemetropolis.org/azure-scratchings/expozine-the-best-of-small-presses/","url_text":"\"Expozine: The Best of Small Presses - Blue Metropolis\""},{"url":"http://bluemetropolis.org/azure-scratchings/expozine-the-best-of-small-presses/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Hark, a vagrant: 227\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.harkavagrant.com/?id=227","url_text":"\"Hark, a vagrant: 227\""}]},{"reference":"\"Expozine: D+Q in Montreal this weekend! – Drawn & Quarterly\".","urls":[{"url":"https://drawnandquarterly.com/news/expozine-dq-montreal-weekend/","url_text":"\"Expozine: D+Q in Montreal this weekend! – Drawn & Quarterly\""}]},{"reference":"Magalhaès, Zoé (2019-11-13). \"Expozine et la petite histoire du fanzine\". Journal Métro (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://journalmetro.com/culture/2397327/expozine-et-la-petite-histoire-du-fanzine/","url_text":"\"Expozine et la petite histoire du fanzine\""}]},{"reference":"\"Expozine\". Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2014-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200723173808/https://www.arcmtl.org/en/expozine/","url_text":"\"Expozine\""},{"url":"http://www.arcmtl.org/en/expozine/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Alternative markets: Why publishers are turning to zine fairs to woo new readers\". 19 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.quillandquire.com/events/2012/10/19/alternative-markets-why-publishers-are-turning-to-zine-fairs-to-woo-new-readers/","url_text":"\"Alternative markets: Why publishers are turning to zine fairs to woo new readers\""}]},{"reference":"\"2017\". Expozine. Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210429220247/https://expozine.ca/en/fair/year-2017/","url_text":"\"2017\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020\". Expozine. Retrieved 2021-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://expozine.ca/en/fair/fair-2020/","url_text":"\"2020\""}]},{"reference":"\"Conseil des Arts de Montréal - 30th Grand Prix du Conseil des arts de Montréal: Finalists and Wall of Winners unveiled\". www.artsmontreal.org. Retrieved 2021-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.artsmontreal.org/en/news/2015-01-13/30th-grand-prix-du-conseil-des-arts-de-montreal-finalists-and-wall-of-winners-unveiled","url_text":"\"Conseil des Arts de Montréal - 30th Grand Prix du Conseil des arts de Montréal: Finalists and Wall of Winners unveiled\""}]},{"reference":"\"Long live Montreal's underground art\". 20 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140323121749/http://cultmontreal.com/2014/03/archive-montreal/","url_text":"\"Long live Montreal's underground art\""},{"url":"http://cultmontreal.com/2014/03/archive-montreal/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Grayson, Margaret (2019-12-19). \"Zine Scene: Exploring Montréal's Indie Artistry\". Seven Days. Retrieved 2021-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/zine-scene-exploring-montreals-indie-artistry/Content?oid=29198681","url_text":"\"Zine Scene: Exploring Montréal's Indie Artistry\""}]}]
[{"Link":"http://expozine.ca/en/","external_links_name":"http://expozine.ca/en/"},{"Link":"http://expozine.ca/en/","external_links_name":"Official Website"},{"Link":"http://expozine.ca/en/awards/2013-2/","external_links_name":"Awards Webpage"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140913042453/http://distroboto.com/en","external_links_name":"Distroboto Website"},{"Link":"http://cultmontreal.com/photos/121119-expozine-cl/","external_links_name":"Expozine Photos"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130928103546/http://cultmontreal.com/photos/121119-expozine-cl/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/lit-scene-supreme-expozine-2013","external_links_name":"\"Lit Scene Supreme: Expozine 2013 | Fringe Arts\""},{"Link":"http://www.journaldemontreal.com/2014/08/23/rentree-quebecoise-2014","external_links_name":"\"Rentrée québécoise 2014\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140912225138/http://blogs.montrealgazette.com/2013/11/15/crooked-fagazine-is-smutty-tribute-to-zine-culture-at-montreals-expozine-fair/","external_links_name":"\"Home | Montreal Gazette | Montreal Gazette\""},{"Link":"http://blogs.montrealgazette.com/2013/11/15/crooked-fagazine-is-smutty-tribute-to-zine-culture-at-montreals-expozine-fair/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.lapresse.ca/arts/livres/201111/25/01-4471502-expozine-dix-ans-dedition-parallele.php","external_links_name":"\"Expozine: Dix ans d'édition parallèle\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141129051310/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/artifacts-hold-zine-culture-endures-age-internet-170841191.html","external_links_name":"\"'Artifacts you can hold': Zine culture endures in the age of the Internet - Yahoo News Canada\""},{"Link":"https://ca.news.yahoo.com/artifacts-hold-zine-culture-endures-age-internet-170841191.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/books/the-man-behind-expozine-and-archive-montreal-on-a-preservation-streak","external_links_name":"\"Behind Expozine and Archive Montreal is a man driven to protect the past\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140913105556/http://bluemetropolis.org/azure-scratchings/expozine-the-best-of-small-presses/","external_links_name":"\"Expozine: The Best of Small Presses - Blue Metropolis\""},{"Link":"http://bluemetropolis.org/azure-scratchings/expozine-the-best-of-small-presses/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.harkavagrant.com/?id=227","external_links_name":"\"Hark, a vagrant: 227\""},{"Link":"https://drawnandquarterly.com/news/expozine-dq-montreal-weekend/","external_links_name":"\"Expozine: D+Q in Montreal this weekend! – Drawn & Quarterly\""},{"Link":"https://journalmetro.com/culture/2397327/expozine-et-la-petite-histoire-du-fanzine/","external_links_name":"\"Expozine et la petite histoire du fanzine\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200723173808/https://www.arcmtl.org/en/expozine/","external_links_name":"\"Expozine\""},{"Link":"http://www.arcmtl.org/en/expozine/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.quillandquire.com/events/2012/10/19/alternative-markets-why-publishers-are-turning-to-zine-fairs-to-woo-new-readers/","external_links_name":"\"Alternative markets: Why publishers are turning to zine fairs to woo new readers\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210429220247/https://expozine.ca/en/fair/year-2017/","external_links_name":"\"2017\""},{"Link":"https://expozine.ca/en/fair/fair-2020/","external_links_name":"\"2020\""},{"Link":"https://www.artsmontreal.org/en/news/2015-01-13/30th-grand-prix-du-conseil-des-arts-de-montreal-finalists-and-wall-of-winners-unveiled","external_links_name":"\"Conseil des Arts de Montréal - 30th Grand Prix du Conseil des arts de Montréal: Finalists and Wall of Winners unveiled\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140323121749/http://cultmontreal.com/2014/03/archive-montreal/","external_links_name":"\"Long live Montreal's underground art\""},{"Link":"http://cultmontreal.com/2014/03/archive-montreal/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/zine-scene-exploring-montreals-indie-artistry/Content?oid=29198681","external_links_name":"\"Zine Scene: Exploring Montréal's Indie Artistry\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Expozine&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Expozine&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Martinetti
Raphaël Martinetti
["1 References"]
Swiss businessman This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Raphaël Martinetti" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Raphaël Martinetti is a Swiss businessman and was the president of the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) from 2002 to 2013. He was elected to this position in 2002, succeeding Milan Ercegan from Yugoslavia. Previously, Martinetti was head of the FILA officiating committee and served on the FILA Bureau for twenty years. Martinetti resigned as the FILA President at the 15–16 February 2013 meeting of the FILA Executive Committee, after a no confidence vote. The resignation followed the decision by the IOC less than a week earlier to remove wrestling from the list of core olympic sports, that are guaranteed to be represented at the olympics, starting with the 2020 Summer Olympic Games. The FILA Executive Committee appointed Nenad Lalović to be an interim FILA President until a new President is elected at a FILA congress. Raphael Martinetti and his wife were ordered by the Swiss government to pay €2.5 million tax on €6.5 million given to the couple in 2010 and 2012 by unnamed persons in Azerbaijan. References ^ Padmadeo, Vinayak (May 14, 2010). "World body chief slams organisation". The Indian Express. Retrieved April 25, 2011. ^ a b Wrestling head Raphael Martinetti quits after Olympic omission, CBC Canada, February 16, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2013 ^ a b Wrestling chief resigns after Olympic snub, Al Jazeera, February 16, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2013 ^ "Le lutteur valaisan et les millions de l'Azerbaïdjan". Le Temps (in French). 2020-10-07. ISSN 1423-3967. Retrieved 2020-11-24. ^ tim. "Statement on Investigation of Former FILA President Raphael Martinetti". Retrieved 2020-11-24. Preceded byMilan Ercegan President of the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles 2002–2013 Succeeded byNenad Lalović This business-related Swiss biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This biographical article relating to a Swiss sportsperson is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Associated_Wrestling_Styles"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Milan Ercegan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Ercegan"},{"link_name":"Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cbc-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aljz-3"},{"link_name":"IOC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC"},{"link_name":"2020 Summer Olympic Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympic_Games"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aljz-3"},{"link_name":"Nenad Lalović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nenad_Lalovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cbc-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Raphaël Martinetti is a Swiss businessman and was the president of the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) from 2002 to 2013.[1] He was elected to this position in 2002, succeeding Milan Ercegan from Yugoslavia. Previously, Martinetti was head of the FILA officiating committee and served on the FILA Bureau for twenty years.Martinetti resigned as the FILA President at the 15–16 February 2013 meeting of the FILA Executive Committee, after a no confidence vote.[2][3] The resignation followed the decision by the IOC less than a week earlier to remove wrestling from the list of core olympic sports, that are guaranteed to be represented at the olympics, starting with the 2020 Summer Olympic Games.[3]\nThe FILA Executive Committee appointed Nenad Lalović to be an interim FILA President until a new President is elected at a FILA congress.[2]Raphael Martinetti and his wife were ordered by the Swiss government to pay €2.5 million tax on €6.5 million given to the couple in 2010 and 2012 by unnamed persons in Azerbaijan.[4][5]","title":"Raphaël Martinetti"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Padmadeo, Vinayak (May 14, 2010). \"World body chief slams organisation\". The Indian Express. Retrieved April 25, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.indianexpress.com/news/world-body-chief-slams-organisation/618642/0","url_text":"\"World body chief slams organisation\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indian_Express","url_text":"The Indian Express"}]},{"reference":"\"Le lutteur valaisan et les millions de l'Azerbaïdjan\". Le Temps (in French). 2020-10-07. ISSN 1423-3967. Retrieved 2020-11-24.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.letemps.ch/sport/lutteur-valaisan-millions-lazerbaidjan","url_text":"\"Le lutteur valaisan et les millions de l'Azerbaïdjan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1423-3967","url_text":"1423-3967"}]},{"reference":"tim. \"Statement on Investigation of Former FILA President Raphael Martinetti\". Retrieved 2020-11-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://unitedworldwrestling.org/article/statement-investigation-former-fila-president-raphael-martinetti","url_text":"\"Statement on Investigation of Former FILA President Raphael Martinetti\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeing_Redd
Seeing Redd
["1 Plot Synopsis","2 Characters","3 References","4 External links"]
2007 novel by Frank Beddor This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Seeing Redd" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for books. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: "Seeing Redd" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Seeing Redd AuthorFrank BeddorLanguageEnglishGenreFantasy novelPublisherDial PressPublication date2007Publication placeUnited KingdomMedia typePrint (Hardback & Paperback) AudiobookPages384 pp (hardcover edition), 400 pp (paperback edition)ISBN0-8037-3155-8OCLC104641883LC ClassPZ7.B3817982 See 2007Preceded byThe Looking Glass Wars Followed byArchEnemy (released October 15, 2009)  Seeing Redd is a 2007 novel written by Frank Beddor inspired by Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its 1871 sequel Through the Looking-Glass. Seeing Redd is the second book in the Looking Glass Wars trilogy, which is currently seeing further development in a variety of entertainment-related fields, such as a spin-off comic book limited series (Hatter M). Seeing Redd was released in the United States on August 21, 2007. Plot Synopsis The plot centres on Alyss's new responsibilities as Queen, and the fear in the Wonder landers that Redd has returned. Attacks were made on the queendom by Glass Eyes and it is assumed that Redd has returned, when it is actually King Arch trying to gain control of. When Molly is kidnapped, Hatter must disobey his queen and rescue her. Meanwhile, on Earth, Redd and The Cat form an army, lead it into Wonderland, unite King Arch's people against him, and launch an attack against Alyss. While Hatter and Molly go to the mountains to hide. Alyss also must fight her Aunt Redd but loses her powers and Molly learns that Hatter is her father. Characters Alyss Heart: Queen of Hearts and Ruler of Wonderland. She is the most powerful follower of White Imagination, a form of positive magic. Main protagonist and Redd's niece. Tries to balance her love life, war, Redd's return, and ruling her queendom. Alyss is enamored of Dodge Anders. Dodge Anders: Captain of the Palace Guards, whose father was killed by The Cat 13 years ago. Dodge has wanted revenge ever since. He is passionately enamored of Alyss, though, because of his father's influence, he thinks this forbidden to him. Tries to control his vengeful side, meeting some success. His father was apparently, loosely based on the White Knight from 'Through the Looking Glass'. Hatter Madigan: Milliner and faithful bodyguard to the queen. Has left duty to find out what happened to Weaver, his lover. Father to Homburg Molly. When she is kidnapped, Hatter disobeys Queen Alyss and goes to Boarderland to find her, despite the Queen's orders against this. In the process, he finds Weaver, who he had presumed dead. His main weapons include wrist blades and a top hat which can be flattened into a series of S-shaped, razor-sharp blades held together in the center. The hat is used in a boomerang fashion, and when thrown, it slices through the air in an arc and back to its owner. Homburg Molly: Daughter of Hatter Madigan and Weaver, as revealed in the twelfth chapter, and bodyguard to Alyss. Molly's weapon, like her father's, is a hat; in her case, a homburg hat that flattens to become a shield having razor-blade edges. When she feels rejected, she tries to expose a plot by the Lady of Diamonds, but is kidnapped. The device that the Lady of Diamonds gives her destroys Crystal Continuum. Molly later met her mother in Boarderland, where she was taken as bait to trap Hatter. Her mother Weaver died to save her. Weaver: Lover of Hatter Madigan and mother to Molly. Was a scientist for the Millinery, the organization to which Hatter belonged. Gives birth to Molly while being chased by Redd. Is "rescued" by King Arch and taken to Borderland. In Chapter 44, she dies saving Molly, much to Hatter and Molly's grief. Bibwit Harte: Royal tutor. Adviser to Alyss. Bibwit is an albino and possesses superhuman senses of hearing, as indicated by his long ears. His name is an anagram of 'White Rabbit'. His last name, Harte, also sounds like the royal family's last name, Heart. This is somewhat ironic(and possibly funny) because he is the royal tutor. King Arch: Main antagonist and king of Borderland, which is a domain of nomadic tribes and absolute laws. A rather one-dimensional character; of his behaviors, the one most emphasized in dialogue and narration is his persistent misogyny. Uses Glass Eyes and Molly's kidnapping as means of conquering Wonderland, later to blame the former on Redd and the latter on a group of rebels. Conspires with the Diamond family but then betrays them. Creator of WILMA, an acronym for 'Weapon of Inconceivable Loss and Massive Annihilation". He is perhaps based on the King of Hearts since he was a minor character in the first book and also because he and Redd seem to have a special relationship between them Ripkins: A Borderlander and assassin/henchman/bodyguard for King Arch. Ripkins possesses the ability to push saw-like teeth through his fingers. Blister: A Borderlander and assassin/henchman/bodyguard for King Arch. Blister possesses the ability to cause extremely painful blisters on the skin of anyone he touches. As stated in the book, the blisters he inflicts need to be drained quickly, or else complications will arise. Redd: Absorbed into the Heart Crystal in the first book, Redd re-emerges from a painting in the second book, blurry because of the artist's lack of talent and because the painter's style was too soft. She is met by a tutor similar to Bibwit Harte, named Vollrath, who helps her find Black Imagination practitioners throughout the world to join her and become part of her army. Settles in London, where she gathers her army. To obtain her full strength, she returns to Wonderland to pass through the Looking Glass Maze. After completing the maze, she annexes all of Boarderland's tribes and adds them as part of her army. It is stated early on that her original name was Rose. The Diamond Family: Conspire with Arch to take over Wonderland but are betrayed by him. Jack of Diamonds rejoins Redd once she returns from Earth, and helps her conquer Boarderland. After this, Redd sees Jack as worthless and allows Arch to kill him with a deadly pink-capped mushroom. General Doppelgänger: Leader of the Wonderland Military. Can split into Generals Doppel and Gänger, which act independently, divide these into more officers at need, or reunite into one. He is based loosely on Tweedledee and Tweedledum. Vollrath: A tutor similar to Bibwit. He along with Bibwit graduated from the Tutor Corps. He helps Redd find users of Black Imagination to become members of the army. He is based loosely on the March Hare. References ^ "Frank Beddor Official Website | Seeing Redd". frankbeddor.com. Retrieved 2018-08-21. External links Official Website Children and Young Adult Literature portal vteLewis Carroll's Alice Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking-Glass UniverseCharactersAlice's Adventuresin Wonderland Alice portrayals Bill the Lizard Caterpillar Cheshire Cat Dodo Dormouse Duchess Gryphon Hatter Tarrant Hightopp King of Hearts Knave of Hearts March Hare Mock Turtle Mouse Pat Puppy Queen of Hearts White Rabbit Minor characters Through theLooking-Glass Bandersnatch Humpty Dumpty Jubjub bird Red King Red Queen The Sheep The Lion and the Unicorn Tweedledum and Tweedledee White King White Knight White Queen Minor characters Locationsand events Wonderland Looking-Glass world Unbirthday Poems "All in the golden afternoon..." "How Doth the Little Crocodile" "The Mouse's Tale" "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat" "You Are Old, Father William" "'Tis the Voice of the Lobster" "Jabberwocky" Vorpal sword "The Walrus and the Carpenter" "Haddocks' Eyes" "The Mock Turtle's Song" The Hunting of the Snark Related Alice Liddell Alice syndrome Alice's Shop Illustrators John Tenniel Theophilus Carter The Annotated Alice Mischmasch Translations Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking-Glass AdaptationsStage Alice in Wonderland (1886 musical) Alice in Wonderland (1979 opera) But Never Jam Today (1979 musical) Through the Looking Glass (2008 opera) Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (2011 ballet) Wonderland (2011 musical) Peter and Alice (2013 play) Wonder.land (2015 musical) Alice's Adventures Under Ground (2016 opera) Alice by Heart (2019 musical) Film 1903 1910 1915 Alice Comedies (1923–1927) 1931 1933 1949 1951 Alice of Wonderland in Paris (1966) 1972 1976 1976 (Spanish) Alice or the Last Escapade (1977) 1981 1982 The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland (1987) 1988 (Czechoslovak) 1988 (Australian) Malice in Wonderland (2009) 2010 Alice in Murderland (2010) Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016) Come Away (2020) Alice and the Land that Wonders (2020) Alice, Through the Looking (2021) Television Alice in Wonderland (1962) Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid like You Doing in a Place like This? (1966) Alice in Wonderland (1966) Alice Through the Looking Glass (1966) 1983 (TV film) Fushigi no Kuni no Alice (1983) 1985 (TV film) Adventures in Wonderland (1992) Alice through the Looking Glass (1998) Alice in Wonderland (1999) Alice (2009) Once Upon a Time in Wonderland (2013) Alice's Wonderland Bakery (2022) Music "White Rabbit" (1967 song) "Don't Come Around Here No More" (1985 music video) Alice in Wonderland (2010) Almost Alice (2010) "Alice" "Follow Me Down" "Tea Party" Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016) "Just Like Fire" "Alice" (2020 song) Video games Through the Looking Glass (1984) Alice in Wonderland (1985) Märchen Maze (1988) Wonderland (1990) Alice: An Interactive Museum (1991) Alice no Paint Adventure (1995) Alice in Wonderland (2000) American McGee's Alice (2000) Kingdom Hearts (2002) Alice in the Country of Hearts (2007) Alice in Wonderland (2010) Alice: Madness Returns (2011) Kingdom Hearts χ (2013) Sequels A New Alice in the Old Wonderland (1895) New Adventures of Alice (1917) Alice Through the Needle's Eye (1984) Automated Alice (1996) Retellings The Nursery "Alice" (1890) Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Retold in Words of One Syllable (1905) American McGee's Alice (2000) Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland (2010) Alice: Madness Returns (2011) Parodies The Westminster Alice (1902) Clara in Blunderland (1902) Lost in Blunderland (1903) John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland (1904) Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream (1904) The Looking Glass Wars 2004 2007 2009 Imitations Mopsa the Fairy (1869) Davy and the Goblin (1884) The Admiral's Caravan (1891) Gladys in Grammarland (1896) Rollo in Emblemland (1902) Alice in Orchestralia (1925) Literary Alice in Borderland Alice in the Country of Hearts Alice in Murderland Alice in Sunderland Lost Girls Miyuki-chan in Wonderland Pandora Hearts Tweedledum and Tweedledee Unbirthday: A Twisted Tale Related Betty in Blunderland (1934 animated short) Thru the Mirror (1936 animated short) Jabberwocky (1971 film) Jabberwocky (1977 film) Donald in Mathmagic Land (1959 film) Malice in Wonderland (1982 animated short) Dungeonland (1983 module) The Land Beyond the Magic Mirror (1983 module) Dreamchild (1985 film) The Hunting of the Snark (1991 musical) How Doth the Little Crocodile (1998 artworks) Abby in Wonderland (2008 film) Disney franchise Category
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Seeing Redd was released in the United States on August 21, 2007.[1]","title":"Seeing Redd"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The plot centres on Alyss's new responsibilities as Queen, and the fear in the Wonder landers that Redd has returned. Attacks were made on the queendom by Glass Eyes and it is assumed that Redd has returned, when it is actually King Arch trying to gain control of. When Molly is kidnapped, Hatter must disobey his queen and rescue her. Meanwhile, on Earth, Redd and The Cat form an army, lead it into Wonderland, unite King Arch's people against him, and launch an attack against Alyss. While Hatter and Molly go to the mountains to hide. Alyss also must fight her Aunt Redd but loses her powers and Molly learns that Hatter is her father.","title":"Plot Synopsis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"magic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(fantasy)"},{"link_name":"homburg hat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homburg_hat"},{"link_name":"misogyny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misogyny"},{"link_name":"blisters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blisters"}],"text":"Alyss Heart: Queen of Hearts and Ruler of Wonderland. She is the most powerful follower of White Imagination, a form of positive magic. Main protagonist and Redd's niece. Tries to balance her love life, war, Redd's return, and ruling her queendom. Alyss is enamored of Dodge Anders.\nDodge Anders: Captain of the Palace Guards, whose father was killed by The Cat 13 years ago. Dodge has wanted revenge ever since. He is passionately enamored of Alyss, though, because of his father's influence, he thinks this forbidden to him. Tries to control his vengeful side, meeting some success. His father was apparently, loosely based on the White Knight from 'Through the Looking Glass'.\nHatter Madigan: Milliner and faithful bodyguard to the queen. Has left duty to find out what happened to Weaver, his lover. Father to Homburg Molly. When she is kidnapped, Hatter disobeys Queen Alyss and goes to Boarderland to find her, despite the Queen's orders against this. In the process, he finds Weaver, who he had presumed dead. His main weapons include wrist blades and a top hat which can be flattened into a series of S-shaped, razor-sharp blades held together in the center. The hat is used in a boomerang fashion, and when thrown, it slices through the air in an arc and back to its owner.\nHomburg Molly: Daughter of Hatter Madigan and Weaver, as revealed in the twelfth chapter, and bodyguard to Alyss. Molly's weapon, like her father's, is a hat; in her case, a homburg hat that flattens to become a shield having razor-blade edges. When she feels rejected, she tries to expose a plot by the Lady of Diamonds, but is kidnapped. The device that the Lady of Diamonds gives her destroys Crystal Continuum. Molly later met her mother in Boarderland, where she was taken as bait to trap Hatter. Her mother Weaver died to save her.\nWeaver: Lover of Hatter Madigan and mother to Molly. Was a scientist for the Millinery, the organization to which Hatter belonged. Gives birth to Molly while being chased by Redd. Is \"rescued\" by King Arch and taken to Borderland. In Chapter 44, she dies saving Molly, much to Hatter and Molly's grief.\nBibwit Harte: Royal tutor. Adviser to Alyss. Bibwit is an albino and possesses superhuman senses of hearing, as indicated by his long ears. His name is an anagram of 'White Rabbit'. His last name, Harte, also sounds like the royal family's last name, Heart. This is somewhat ironic(and possibly funny) because he is the royal tutor.\nKing Arch: Main antagonist and king of Borderland, which is a domain of nomadic tribes and absolute laws. A rather one-dimensional character; of his behaviors, the one most emphasized in dialogue and narration is his persistent misogyny. Uses Glass Eyes and Molly's kidnapping as means of conquering Wonderland, later to blame the former on Redd and the latter on a group of rebels. Conspires with the Diamond family but then betrays them. Creator of WILMA, an acronym for 'Weapon of Inconceivable Loss and Massive Annihilation\". He is perhaps based on the King of Hearts since he was a minor character in the first book and also because he and Redd seem to have a special relationship between them\nRipkins: A Borderlander and assassin/henchman/bodyguard for King Arch. Ripkins possesses the ability to push saw-like teeth through his fingers.\nBlister: A Borderlander and assassin/henchman/bodyguard for King Arch. Blister possesses the ability to cause extremely painful blisters on the skin of anyone he touches. As stated in the book, the blisters he inflicts need to be drained quickly, or else complications will arise.\nRedd: Absorbed into the Heart Crystal in the first book, Redd re-emerges from a painting in the second book, blurry because of the artist's lack of talent and because the painter's style was too soft. She is met by a tutor similar to Bibwit Harte, named Vollrath, who helps her find Black Imagination practitioners throughout the world to join her and become part of her army. Settles in London, where she gathers her army. To obtain her full strength, she returns to Wonderland to pass through the Looking Glass Maze. After completing the maze, she annexes all of Boarderland's tribes and adds them as part of her army. It is stated early on that her original name was Rose.\nThe Diamond Family: Conspire with Arch to take over Wonderland but are betrayed by him. Jack of Diamonds rejoins Redd once she returns from Earth, and helps her conquer Boarderland. After this, Redd sees Jack as worthless and allows Arch to kill him with a deadly pink-capped mushroom.\nGeneral Doppelgänger: Leader of the Wonderland Military. Can split into Generals Doppel and Gänger, which act independently, divide these into more officers at need, or reunite into one. He is based loosely on Tweedledee and Tweedledum.\nVollrath: A tutor similar to Bibwit. He along with Bibwit graduated from the Tutor Corps. He helps Redd find users of Black Imagination to become members of the army. He is based loosely on the March Hare.","title":"Characters"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitesaddled_catshark
Whitesaddled catshark
["1 Description","2 Distribution and habitat","3 Ecology","4 Status","5 References"]
Species of shark Whitesaddled catshark Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Subdivision: Selachimorpha Order: Carcharhiniformes Family: Scyliorhinidae Genus: Scyliorhinus Species: S. hesperius Binomial name Scyliorhinus hesperiusS. Springer, 1966 Range of the whitesaddled catshark The whitesaddled catshark (Scyliorhinus hesperius) is a species of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found on the upper continental slope of the western central Atlantic Ocean, off the coasts of Honduras, Panama and Colombia, between latitudes 22° N and 9° N, at depths between 274 and 457 m (900 and 1,500 ft). It can grow to a length of 47 cm (19 in). The reproduction of this catshark is oviparous but otherwise, little is known about its biology. Description The whitesaddled catshark is a moderately small, slender catshark that reaches a maximum length of 47 cm (19 in). The front of the first dorsal fin is located above and just behind the base of the pelvic fin and the front of the second dorsal fin is located above the hind third of the base of the anal fin. The first dorsal fin is considerably larger than the second and the distance between the two is about the same as the length of the anal fin. The skin is fairly smooth and there are small, flat denticles. There are seven or eight dark saddles on the back and flanks, the whole surface being scattered with large white spots, but this catshark does not have any black spots. Distribution and habitat The whitesaddled catshark is found in the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea of Honduras, Panama and Colombia. It is a deep water, demersal fish and inhabits the continental slope at depths of between about 274 and 457 m (900 and 1,500 ft). Ecology This fish is oviparous, producing two eggs at a time. The developing embryos feed on their egg yolks. Status Very little is known of the biology of this species. It probably lives at depths too great to be a target for fisheries but seems to be an uncommon species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as "least concern". References ^ Dulvy, N.K.; Herman, K. (2020). "Scyliorhinus hesperius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T44590A2996991. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44590A2996991.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021. ^ Compagno, L.J.V. "Whitesaddled catshark (Scyliorhinus hesperius)". Sharks of the World. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 3 July 2016. ^ a b "Scyliorhinus hesperius Springer, 1966: Whitesaddled catshark". FishBase. Retrieved 3 July 2016. Taxon identifiersScyliorhinus hesperius Wikidata: Q2625937 ADW: Scyliorhinus_hesperius CoL: 4W57C FishBase: 851 GBIF: 2418680 iNaturalist: 112378 IRMNG: 10887919 ITIS: 160056 IUCN: 44590 OBIS: 271373 Open Tree of Life: 3594911 WoRMS: 271373 ZooBank: 541070E9-3371-44A8-8649-EF62A17C89F7
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Kopay
David Kopay
["1 Life","2 Social impact","3 See also","4 References"]
American football player (born 1942) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "David Kopay" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) American football player David KopayNo. 43, 40Position:Running backPersonal informationBorn: (1942-06-28) June 28, 1942 (age 81)Chicago, Illinois, U.S.Height:6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)Weight:218 lb (99 kg)Career informationHigh school:Notre Dame(Sherman Oaks, California)College:WashingtonUndrafted:1964Career history San Francisco 49ers (1964–1967) Detroit Lions (1968) Washington Redskins (1969–1970) New Orleans Saints (1971) Green Bay Packers (1972) Career highlights and awards Second-team All-PCC (1963) Career NFL statisticsRushing Yards:876Average:3.7Touchdowns:3Player stats at PFR David Marquette Kopay (born June 28, 1942) is a former American football running back in the National Football League (NFL) who in 1975 became one of the first professional athletes to come out as gay. Life Kopay attended Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, California. He entered the University of Washington in 1961. He was on the West roster as a halfback at the All-America East vs. West Football Game in 1964. Kopay was signed by the San Francisco 49ers, and played professional football from 1964 to 1972. After he retired from the NFL, he was considered a top contender for coaching positions, but he believes he was snubbed by professional and college teams because of his sexual orientation. Kopay went to work as a salesman/purchaser in his uncle's floorcovering business in Hollywood. He is also a board member of the Gay and Lesbian Athletics Foundation. Kopay's 1977 biography, The David Kopay Story, written with Perry Deane Young, became a best-seller. In 1986, Kopay, without naming him, revealed his brief affair with Jerry Smith, a football player who played for the Washington Redskins from 1965 to 1977 and who died of AIDS without ever having publicly come out of the closet. Social impact Since Kopay, six additional former NFL players have come out as gay, Roy Simmons in 1992, Esera Tuaolo in 2002, Wade Davis in 2012, Kwame Harris in 2013, Ryan O'Callaghan in 2017, and Colton Underwood in 2021. To date, only one current NFL player, Carl Nassib, has come out publicly as gay (in 2021). Kopay has been credited with inspiring these athletes to be more open about their sexual orientation. In May 1977, Kopay was on the cover of GPU (Gay People's Union) News of Milwaukee. Kopay appears as himself in a small but pivotal role in the film Tru Loved (2008). His scene features young actor Matthew Thompson and Alexandra Paul. Kopay became a Gay Games Ambassador for the Federation of Gay Games. He went to Gay Games VII in Chicago in July 2006 and was a featured announcer in the opening ceremonies. Kopay announced in September 2007 that he will leave $1 million as an endowment to the University of Washington Q Center. See also Homosexuality in American football References ^ "David Kopay, alum and gay athlete, donates $1 million to UW's Q Center". UW News. Retrieved May 8, 2024. ^ "Game Program". All-America Football Game Program. 4th Annual: 16. June 27, 1964. ^ Simon, Ray (October 8, 2022). "Dave Kopay shocked the sports world in 1975". Philadelphia Gay News. Retrieved May 8, 2024. ^ Adkins, Jeremie (August 20, 2013). "Op-ed: What Happened When I Met Dave Kopay". The Advocate. Retrieved August 29, 2013. wrote a book about coming out and he got blacklisted by everyone and couldn't get work in the industry anymore and it was kinda sad, but he went on to work for his family flooring business. ^ "David Kopay". Celebrity Speakers For Speaking Engagements | AthleteSpeakers. Retrieved May 8, 2024. ^ LeVay, Simon; Elisabeth Nonas (1995). City of Friends: A Portrait of the Gay and Lesbian Community in America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-2621-2194-1. ^ "He Was One of Us". Sports Illustrated. January 11, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2020. ^ Momodu, Samuel (September 1, 2019). "Roy Franklin Simmons (1956-2014) •". Retrieved May 8, 2024. ^ Buzinski, Jim. "Moment #16: Former NFL player Esera Tuaolo comes out as gay". OutSports. Retrieved May 8, 2024. ^ Price, Christopher; McInerney, Katie (June 21, 2021). "Raiders' Carl Nassib becomes first active NFL player to come out as gay". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved June 22, 2021. ^ Naito, Jon (December 2008). "Homecoming". Columns Magazine. Books Kopay, David (1977). The David Kopay Story: An Extraordinary Self-Revelation. Arbor House Pub Co. pp. 247 pages. ISBN 0-87795-145-4. Websites Buzinski, Jim. "Dave Kopay: Still Going Strong". Outsports. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008. "Football Player Who Came Out in 70s Scores Film Role" "Dave Kopay, Pioneer Gay Athlete, Joins Cast of Film TRU LOVED" Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway Israel United States Netherlands Other SNAC
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He entered the University of Washington in 1961.[1] He was on the West roster as a halfback at the All-America East vs. West Football Game in 1964.[2] Kopay was signed by the San Francisco 49ers,[3] and played professional football from 1964 to 1972. After he retired from the NFL, he was considered a top contender for coaching positions, but he believes he was snubbed by professional and college teams because of his sexual orientation.[4] Kopay went to work as a salesman/purchaser in his uncle's floorcovering business in Hollywood. He is also a board member of the Gay and Lesbian Athletics Foundation.[5]Kopay's 1977 biography, The David Kopay Story, written with Perry Deane Young, became a best-seller.[6] In 1986, Kopay, without naming him, revealed his brief affair with Jerry Smith, a football player who played for the Washington Redskins from 1965 to 1977 and who died of AIDS without ever having publicly come out of the closet.[7]","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roy Simmons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Simmons_(American_football)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Esera Tuaolo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esera_Tuaolo"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Wade Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Davis_(American_football)"},{"link_name":"Kwame Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Harris"},{"link_name":"Ryan O'Callaghan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_O%27Callaghan"},{"link_name":"Colton Underwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colton_Underwood"},{"link_name":"Carl Nassib","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Nassib"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Tru Loved","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tru_Loved"},{"link_name":"Matthew Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Thompson_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Alexandra Paul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Paul"},{"link_name":"Gay Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_Games"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-naito-11"}],"text":"Since Kopay, six additional former NFL players have come out as gay, Roy Simmons in 1992,[8] Esera Tuaolo in 2002,[9] Wade Davis in 2012, Kwame Harris in 2013, Ryan O'Callaghan in 2017, and Colton Underwood in 2021. To date, only one current NFL player, Carl Nassib, has come out publicly as gay (in 2021).[10] Kopay has been credited with inspiring these athletes to be more open about their sexual orientation. In May 1977, Kopay was on the cover of GPU (Gay People's Union) News of Milwaukee.Kopay appears as himself in a small but pivotal role in the film Tru Loved (2008). His scene features young actor Matthew Thompson and Alexandra Paul.Kopay became a Gay Games Ambassador for the Federation of Gay Games. He went to Gay Games VII in Chicago in July 2006 and was a featured announcer in the opening ceremonies.Kopay announced in September 2007 that he will leave $1 million as an endowment to the University of Washington Q Center.[11]","title":"Social impact"}]
[]
[{"title":"Homosexuality in American football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_American_football"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Altenkirch
Robert Altenkirch
["1 Life","2 References","3 External links"]
American academic Robert A. Altenkirch was the President of University of Alabama in Huntsville and the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Life Altenkirch holds a B.S. from Purdue University, a M.S. from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from Purdue University, all in Mechanical Engineering. He is the author of over 50 publications and nearly 100 presentations in combustion and heat transfer and served as principal investigator for ten Space Shuttle experiments investigating the spread of fire in reduced gravity. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. While an undergraduate at Purdue, Altenkirch became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. From 1988 to 1995, Altenkirch was professor of mechanical engineering and dean of the College of Engineering at Mississippi State University (MSU). While dean of engineering at MSU, he led the effort to secure National Science Foundation (NSF) funding for the establishment of the MSU Engineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation in 1990. He also served as professor and chair of mechanical engineering at the University of Kentucky. He served as professor of mechanical and materials engineering and dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture at Washington State University. He was vice president for research at Mississippi State University. During his tenure as vice president, science and engineering expenditures, as reported to NSF, increased by 75 percent from 1997 to 2001. In addition to the research program, his responsibilities encompassed congressional relations, intellectual property management and economic development. From 2003 until 2011, Altenkirch was the seventh president of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). On September 21, 2011, Dr. Altenkirch was named the new president of the University of Alabama in Huntsville. He retired from the position in June 2019. References ^ "Our People - Purdue Engineering". Engineering.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-16. ^ "Donor List". SAE Indiana Beta Chapter. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2014. ^ "Home | Office of the President". njit.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-16. ^ Gattis, Paul (September 21, 2011). "Robert Altenkirch named new president at University of Alabama in Huntsville, what a beast". The Huntsville Times. Retrieved January 4, 2012. External links "Steve Adubato Talks with Dr. Jack Noonan and Dr. Robert Altenkirch" Academic offices Preceded bySaul Fenster President of New Jersey Institute of Technology 2003–2011 Succeeded byJoel Bloom Preceded byDavid B. Williams President of the University of Alabama in Huntsville 2011–2019 Succeeded byDarren Dawson This biography of an American academic administrator born in the 20th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville"},{"link_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Institute_of_Technology"}],"text":"Robert A. Altenkirch was the President of University of Alabama in Huntsville and the New Jersey Institute of Technology.","title":"Robert Altenkirch"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"B.S.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science"},{"link_name":"Purdue University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_University"},{"link_name":"M.S.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science"},{"link_name":"University of California, Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley"},{"link_name":"Ph.D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy"},{"link_name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_Engineering"},{"link_name":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Sigma Alpha Epsilon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Mississippi State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_State_University"},{"link_name":"National Science Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation"},{"link_name":"University of Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Washington State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_University"},{"link_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Institute_of_Technology"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Altenkirch holds a B.S. from Purdue University, a M.S. from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from Purdue University, all in Mechanical Engineering. He is the author of over 50 publications and nearly 100 presentations in combustion and heat transfer and served as principal investigator for ten Space Shuttle experiments investigating the spread of fire in reduced gravity. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.[1] While an undergraduate at Purdue, Altenkirch became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.[2]From 1988 to 1995, Altenkirch was professor of mechanical engineering and dean of the College of Engineering at Mississippi State University (MSU). While dean of engineering at MSU, he led the effort to secure National Science Foundation (NSF) funding for the establishment of the MSU Engineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation in 1990. He also served as professor and chair of mechanical engineering at the University of Kentucky. He served as professor of mechanical and materials engineering and dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture at Washington State University.He was vice president for research at Mississippi State University. During his tenure as vice president, science and engineering expenditures, as reported to NSF, increased by 75 percent from 1997 to 2001. In addition to the research program, his responsibilities encompassed congressional relations, intellectual property management and economic development.From 2003 until 2011, Altenkirch was the seventh president of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). [3]On September 21, 2011, Dr. Altenkirch was named the new president of the University of Alabama in Huntsville. [4] He retired from the position in June 2019.","title":"Life"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawab_Zulfikar_Ali_Magsi
Zulfiqar Ali Khan Magsi
["1 Political career","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
Pakistani politician For other uses, see Zulfiqar (disambiguation). NawabZulfikar Ali Magsi19th governor of BalochistanIn office28 February 2008 – 9 June 2013PresidentAsif Ali ZardariPrime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani Raja Pervez Ashraf Nawaz Sharif Succeeded byMuhammad Khan AchakzaiChief Minister of BalochistanIn office19 October 1993 – 10 November 1996Prime MinisterBenazir BhuttoGovernor Imran Ullah Khan Abdul Rahim Durrani Preceded byTaj Muhammad JamaliSucceeded byZafarullah Khan Jamali Personal detailsBornZulfikar Ali Magsi (1954-02-14) 14 February 1954 (age 70)Jhal Magsi District, Balochistan, PakistanCitizenship PakistanPolitical partyPakistan Peoples PartySpouseShama Parveen MagsiRelationsMir Nadir Ali Khan Magsi (Brother) Nawabzada Tariq Magsi (Brother) Khalid Hussain Magsi (Brother)ChildrenNawabzada Saifullah MagsiResidenceJhal MagsiAlma materAitchison CollegePunjab UniversityOccupationPoliticianProfessionTumandar of Magsi tribe,PoliticianCabinetGovernment of Balochistan Nawab Zulfiqar Ali Magsi (Urdu: نواب ذوالفقار علی مگسی ; born 14 February 1954) was the 20th governor of Balochistan Province since 28 February 2008 to 9 June 2013 as well as the chief executive of Balochistan since 14 January 2013. He is the Nawab and Tumandar of the Magsi Tribe, a former governor and a former chief executive of Balochistan, a senior politician and the former chief minister of Balochistan province in the Benazir Bhutto government of 1993–1996. Nawab was appointed as the chief executive of Balochistan on 13 January 2013 after the sacking of Aslam Raisani's unpopular government and imposition of Governor's Rule. It was the main after effect of the January 2013 Pakistan bombings. Nawab Magsi did his schooling from Aitchison College, Lahore. He first came to politics in 1977, when he won as an independent candidate seat from his native constituency in the provincial assembly. However, his family was involved in Balochistan politics before Pakistani independence. He served in many provincial ministries and also worked in the Home Ministry in the 1990s. In 1993, his coalition won majority of seats and he became Chief Minister of Balochistan. In the February 2008 elections, he again stood as an independent candidate from his native PB-32 Jhal Magsi constituency and won without any opposition. On 27 February 2008, the caretaker Chief Minister Sardar Mohammad Saleh Bhootani announced officially that Nawab Magsi would be the next governor of Balochistan province. On 28 February 2008 Nawab Magsi took oath in the Governor House at Quetta. In the ceremony, he promised to resolve the ongoing military operation in Balochistan, missing political workers and bring peace in province. On Wednesday, 19 March 2008, Nawab Magsi asked Balochistan Government issue an outstanding bill against federal government and the Sindh Government of 128bn rupees. Political career Nawab Magsi started his political career in 1977 when he participated in general elections as independent candidate and elected as Member Provincial Assembly. He also took part in the non-party elections of 1985 and returned successful as a Member, Provincial Assembly of Balochistan (MPA). He was re-elected as MPA in 1988 and again in 1990. He remained Provincial Minister Education and Planning and Development in 1988 while he served as Provincial Minister in Balochistan in 1990. He was twice elected as Chief Minister of Balochistan and remained in office from 30 May 1993 to 19 July 1993 and from 20 October 1993 to 10 November 1996 respectively. In the general elections of 1997 he returned successful as MPA for the sixth time. He did not participate in 2002 elections. In the recent elections in 2008, he participated as independent candidate of Provincial Assembly and won his traditional seat. He was appointed by the president of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as Governor of Balochistan on 28 February 2008 and on the same day, he took oath of his office. He resigned as Governor of Balochistan after prime minister-in-waiting Nawaz Sharif announced to bring the next governor from Muhammad Khan Achakzai's Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party (PkMAP) which was accepted by the President on 9 June 2013. See also Yousaf Aziz Magsi Jam Nizamuddin II Shama Parveen Magsi Magsi References ^ Saleem Shahid, "Former CM Magsi appointed governor" Dawn newspaper, 28 February 2008, Retrieved 19 May 2022 ^ a b c d Profile of Nawab Zulfiqar Ali Magsi Story of Pakistan website, Retrieved 19 May 2022 ^ Bowing out: Balochistan Governor resigns The Express Tribune newspaper, Published 3 June 2013, Retrieved 19 May 2022 ^ "Brief political profile of new Governor Balochistan Nawab Zulfiqar Ali Magsi". Associated Press of Pakistan website. 27 February 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2022. External links Profile of New Governor of Balochistan - Archived Political offices Preceded byTaj Muhammad Jamali Chief Minister of Balochistan 1993–1996 Succeeded byZafarullah Khan Jamali Preceded byAmanullah Khan YasinzaiActing Governor of Balochistan 2008–2013 Succeeded byMuhammad Khan Achakzai vteChief Minister of Balochistan Ataullah Mengal Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan Mohammad Khan Barozai Rahimuddin Khan Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan Zafarullah Khan Jamali Khuda Bux Marri Akbar Bugti Mir Humayun Khan Marri Taj Muhammad Jamali Mir Zulfiqar Ali Khan Magsi Muhammad Naseer Mengal Mir Zulfiqar Ali Khan Magsi Zafarullah Khan Jamali Akhtar Mengal Jan Mohammad Jamali Jam Yousaf Mohammad Saleh Bhootani Nawab Muhammad Aslam Khan Raisani Ghous Barozai Abdul Malik Baloch Sanaullah Khan Zehri Abdul Quddus Bizenjo Alauddin Marri Jam Kamal Khan Italics indicate acting Chief Ministers vteGovernor of Balochistan, Pakistan Hussain Raisani Bizenjo Bughi Ahmad Marri Rahimuddin Lodhi K. Khan Musa Khoso Jogezai Durrani I. Khan Jabbar Miangul Agha Mengal Baloch Ghani Yaseenzai Magsi Achakzai Bizenjo Yasinzai Kakar Mandokhail
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He is the Nawab and Tumandar of the Magsi Tribe, a former governor and a former chief executive of Balochistan, a senior politician and the former chief minister of Balochistan province in the Benazir Bhutto government of 1993–1996.[1] Nawab was appointed as the chief executive of Balochistan on 13 January 2013 after the sacking of Aslam Raisani's unpopular government and imposition of Governor's Rule. It was the main after effect of the January 2013 Pakistan bombings. Nawab Magsi did his schooling from Aitchison College, Lahore. He first came to politics in 1977, when he won as an independent candidate seat from his native constituency in the provincial assembly. However, his family was involved in Balochistan politics before Pakistani independence. He served in many provincial ministries and also worked in the Home Ministry in the 1990s. In 1993, his coalition won majority of seats and he became Chief Minister of Balochistan.[2]In the February 2008 elections, he again stood as an independent candidate from his native PB-32 Jhal Magsi constituency and won without any opposition. On 27 February 2008, the caretaker Chief Minister Sardar Mohammad Saleh Bhootani announced officially that Nawab Magsi would be the next governor of Balochistan province. On 28 February 2008 Nawab Magsi took oath in the Governor House at Quetta. In the ceremony, he promised to resolve the ongoing military operation in Balochistan, missing political workers and bring peace in province.[3] On Wednesday, 19 March 2008, Nawab Magsi asked Balochistan Government issue an outstanding bill against federal government and the Sindh Government of 128bn rupees.[2]","title":"Zulfiqar Ali Khan Magsi"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sop-2"},{"link_name":"Provincial Assembly of Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan"},{"link_name":"Chief Minister of Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Balochistan"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sop-2"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Governor of Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Balochistan"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Nawaz Sharif","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Khan Achakzai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Khan_Achakzai"},{"link_name":"Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakhtunkhwa_Milli_Awami_Party"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Nawab Magsi started his political career in 1977 when he participated in general elections as independent candidate and elected as Member Provincial Assembly.[2] He also took part in the non-party elections of 1985 and returned successful as a Member, Provincial Assembly of Balochistan (MPA). He was re-elected as MPA in 1988 and again in 1990. He remained Provincial Minister Education and Planning and Development in 1988 while he served as Provincial Minister in Balochistan in 1990. He was twice elected as Chief Minister of Balochistan and remained in office from 30 May 1993 to 19 July 1993 and from 20 October 1993 to 10 November 1996 respectively.[2]In the general elections of 1997 he returned successful as MPA for the sixth time. He did not participate in 2002 elections.[citation needed] In the recent elections in 2008, he participated as independent candidate of Provincial Assembly and won his traditional seat. He was appointed by the president of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as Governor of Balochistan on 28 February 2008 and on the same day, he took oath of his office.[citation needed] He resigned as Governor of Balochistan after prime minister-in-waiting Nawaz Sharif announced to bring the next governor from Muhammad Khan Achakzai's Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party (PkMAP) which was accepted by the President on 9 June 2013.[4]","title":"Political career"}]
[]
[{"title":"Yousaf Aziz Magsi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yousaf_Aziz_Magsi"},{"title":"Jam Nizamuddin II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_Nizamuddin_II"},{"title":"Shama Parveen Magsi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shama_Parveen_Magsi"},{"title":"Magsi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magsi"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cram_(software)
Cram (software)
["1 See also","2 References"]
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for products and services. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: "Cram" software – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) CramDeveloper(s)SimpleLeap Software Collaborators, Patrick Chukwura and Ashli NortonStable release1.1 / August 1, 2009; 14 years ago (2009-08-01) Operating systemOS X, iOSPlatformMacintosh (PowerPC & x86), iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad (ARM)TypeFlashcardLicenseSharewareWebsitewww.simpleleap.com Cram is an application for Apple's OS X and iOS developed by Patrick Chukwura and Ashli Norton of SimpleLeap Software. The software is a flashcard application which allows users to prepare for various types of subject matter using flashcards and multiple choice tests. By entering the question and answer of the test in Cram, the application presents the information in test or flashcard format, which then allows the user to study the entered information at any time. Apart from the core functionality of Cram, other features of the application include the use of images and sound that are integrated on the flashcard and practice tests as they study and test database that allows the user to download and share tests with other users. Cram also provides functions to study from an iPhone with flashcards and multiple-choice tests. Cram is available as shareware, which will block itself after creating five tests with five questions each. See also List of flashcard software References 'Cram - Study at the Speed of Light', Softpedia, August 10, 2009 'Enhance your knowledge and improve your studying', Softonic, August 11, 2009 'Cram for tests on your iPhone' Archived 2012-10-02 at the Wayback Machine, CNET, October 3, 2008 'Cram: The Mac Study Assistant' Archived 2009-08-23 at the Wayback Machine, Mac AppStorm, June 8, 2009 vteSpaced repetitionConcepts Spaced repetition Spacing effect Testing effect Forgetting curve Flashcard Memory Leitner system Incremental reading Study software Anki Cerego Cobocards Course Hero Cram Cram.com Duolingo eSpindle Learning Hello English Kahoot! Lingopie Memrise Mnemosyne OpenCards Quizlet SuperMemo Synap Practitioners Hermann Ebbinghaus Paul Pimsleur Sebastian Leitner Piotr Woźniak Researchers Hermann Ebbinghaus Thomas Landauer Robert A. Bjork Cecil Alec Mace Hal Pashler
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[]
[{"title":"List of flashcard software","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flashcard_software"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitksan
Gitxsan
["1 Society and culture","2 Title and treaties","3 Communities","4 Notable people of Gitxsan descent","5 References","6 Bibliography","7 External links"]
Group of indigenous people in British Columbia, Canada This article is about the ethnographic group. For the language, see Gitxsan language. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ethnic group GitxsanGitxsan on the banks of the Skeena River at Hazelton, 1901Total population5,680 (2016 census)Regions with significant populationsCanadaBritish ColumbiaLanguagesEnglish • GitxsanReligionIndigenous spiritualityRelated ethnic groupsNisga'a PeopleGitx̱sanLanguageGitxsanimaaxCountryGitx̱san Lax̱yip Gitxsan (also spelled Gitksan) are an Indigenous people in Canada whose home territory comprises most of the area known as the Skeena Country in English (Git: means "people of" and Xsan: means "the River of Mist"). Gitksan territory encompasses approximately 35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi) of land, from the basin of the upper Skeena River from about Legate Creek to the Skeena's headwaters and its surrounding tributaries. Part of the Tsimshianic language group, their culture is considered to be part of the civilization of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, although their territory lies in the Interior rather than on the Coast. They were at one time also known as the Interior Tsimshian, a term which also included the Nisga'a, the Gitxsan's neighbours to the north. Their neighbours to the west are the Tsimshian (a.k.a. the Coast Tsimshian) while to the east the Wetʼsuwetʼen, an Athapaskan people, with whom they have a long and deep relationship and shared political and cultural community. Society and culture Gitxsan are a matrilineal society that consists of Frog, Eagle, Wolf, and Fireweed Clans. Each clan consists of a series of independent Houses (Wilp), each with their own High Chief, and traditional territories and fishing sites. Marriage within a clan is forbidden. There are approximately 5,000 people British Columbia wide with many living in traditional Gitxsan territory. Many also live elsewhere in British Columbia, in places such as Terrace, Smithers, and in Vancouver, as well as around the world. Eighty per cent of the people living on the lands surrounding Legate creek to the Skeena headwaters are Gitxsan ('People of the River Mist') and archaeological evidence supports a continuous habitation of at least 10,000 years. Their traditional language is called Gitxsanimaax. A museum known as 'Ksan displaying some traditional and modern Gitksan art and history is located on the Gitanmaax reserve near Hazelton. Title and treaties The aboriginal title rights of the Gitxsan and their neighbours, the Wetʼsuwetʼen, were affirmed by the Supreme Court of Canada in its 1997 Delgamuukw decision. To date, a treaty agreement between the Gitxsan Nation and the Federal Government of Canada and Provincial Government of British Columbia has not been reached. Communities Some of the Gitxsan (Gitksan) villages are, divided by dialect: Gitxsan dialect or Gitxsanimax̱, also known as Eastern Gitxsan dialect speaking bands in Gigeenix (eastern region): Old Hazelton (traditional name: Gitanmaax, Gitanmaax Band) Kispiox (traditional name: Anspa'yaxw, Kispiox Band Council) Glen Vowell (traditional name: Sik-e-Dakh, Glen Vowell Indian Band) Gitsken dialect or Gitsenimx̱ , also known as Western Gitksan dialect speaking bands in Gyeets (western region): Gitanyow (formerly Kitwancool, Gitanyow Band) Gitsegukla (formerly: Kitsegeucla, Gitsegukla Indian Band (formerly Kitsegugkla)) Kitwanga (traditional name: Gitwangak, Gitwangak Indian Band (formerly Kitwanga)) - the Gitksan community of Cedarvale (traditional name: Minskinish or Meanskaniist) belong as Koonwat Indian Reserve No. 7 to the Gitwangak. Notable people of Gitxsan descent Cindy Blackstock Simon Gunanoot, long sought-after fugitive later cleared of wrongdoing Walter Harris, hereditary chief and artist/carver Doreen Jensen, artist, carver, activist and educator Judith P. Morgan, painter Angela Sterritt, journalist Neil J. Sterritt, author and activist Billy ThunderKloud, singer/entertainer, Nashville recording artist, 1975 Outstanding Indian of the Year, hereditary chief Nathaniel P. Wilkerson, artist/carver Jean Virginia Sampare, an abducted girl missing from Gitsegukla, British Columbia, Canada References ^ "Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2017-11-23. ^ Gitxsan Chiefs - Who We Are - Recent History ^ Gallery, Belkin. "Judith Morgan". Retrieved 10 February 2017. ^ British Columbia, Order of. "Neil J. Sterritt". Retrieved 6 November 2023. Bibliography Adams, John W. (1973) The Gitksan Potlatch: Population Flux, Resource Ownership and Reciprocity. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada. Barbeau, Marius (1928) The Downfall of Temlaham. Toronto: MacMillan. Barbeau, Marius (1929) Totem Poles of the Gitksan, Upper Skeena River, British Columbia. Ottawa: Canada, Department of Mines. Beynon, William (2000) Potlatch at Gitsegukla: William Beynon’s 1945 Field Notebooks. Ed. by Margaret Anderson and Marjorie Halpin. Vancouver: U.B.C. Press. Bookbuildes of 'Ksan (1977) We-Gyet Wanders On: Legends of the Northwest. Saanichton, B.C.: Hancock House Publishers. Cove, John J. (1982) "The Gitksan Traditional Concept of Land Ownership." Anthropologica, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3–17. Daly, Richard (2005) Our Box Was Full: An Ethnography for the Delgamuukw Plaintiffs. Vancouver: UBC Press. Duff, Wilson (ed.) (1959) Histories, Territories and Laws of the Kitwancool. Victoria: Royal British Columbia Museum. Galois, Robert, and Neil J. Sterritt, (1998) Tribal Boundaries in the Nass Watershed. Vancouver: U.B.C. Press. Gibson, John Frederic (1972) A Small and Charming World. Toronto: Collins Publishers. Glavin, Terry (1990) A Death Feast in Dimlahamid. Vancouver: New Star Books. Harris, Christie (1975) Sky Man on the Totem Pole? New York: Atheneum. Harris, Kenneth B. (1974) Visitors Who Never Left: The Origin of the People of Damelahamid. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Monet, Don, and Ardythe Wilson (1992) Colonialism on Trial: Indigenous Land Rights and the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en Sovereignty Case. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers. Sterritt, Neil J., (2020) Mapping My Way Home: A Gitxsan History. Smithers, BC: Creekstone Press. Russell, Roy (2015) Feast: A Gitksan Story External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gitxsan. Gitxsan Nation official website Evictions Authority control databases International FAST National France BnF data Israel United States
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gitxsan language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitxsan_language"},{"link_name":"Indigenous people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada"},{"link_name":"Skeena Country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeena_Country"},{"link_name":"Skeena River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeena_River"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Tsimshianic language group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages"},{"link_name":"Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast"},{"link_name":"Interior","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia_Interior"},{"link_name":"Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia_Coast"},{"link_name":"Nisga'a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisga%27a"},{"link_name":"Tsimshian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshian"},{"link_name":"Wetʼsuwetʼen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%CA%BCsuwet%CA%BCen"}],"text":"This article is about the ethnographic group. For the language, see Gitxsan language.Ethnic groupGitxsan (also spelled Gitksan) are an Indigenous people in Canada whose home territory comprises most of the area known as the Skeena Country in English (Git: means \"people of\" and Xsan: means \"the River of Mist\"). Gitksan territory encompasses approximately 35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi) of land, from the basin of the upper Skeena River from about Legate Creek to the Skeena's headwaters and its surrounding tributaries.[2] Part of the Tsimshianic language group, their culture is considered to be part of the civilization of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, although their territory lies in the Interior rather than on the Coast. They were at one time also known as the Interior Tsimshian, a term which also included the Nisga'a, the Gitxsan's neighbours to the north. Their neighbours to the west are the Tsimshian (a.k.a. the Coast Tsimshian) while to the east the Wetʼsuwetʼen, an Athapaskan people, with whom they have a long and deep relationship and shared political and cultural community.","title":"Gitxsan"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"matrilineal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrilineality"},{"link_name":"Clans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Terrace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Smithers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithers,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Vancouver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver"},{"link_name":"Gitxsanimaax","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitxsan_language"},{"link_name":"'Ksan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ksan"},{"link_name":"Gitanmaax","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanmaax"},{"link_name":"Hazelton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelton,_British_Columbia"}],"text":"Gitxsan are a matrilineal society that consists of Frog, Eagle, Wolf, and Fireweed Clans. Each clan consists of a series of independent Houses (Wilp), each with their own High Chief, and traditional territories and fishing sites. Marriage within a clan is forbidden.[citation needed]There are approximately 5,000 people British Columbia wide with many living in traditional Gitxsan territory. Many also live elsewhere in British Columbia, in places such as Terrace, Smithers, and in Vancouver, as well as around the world.Eighty per cent of the people living on the lands surrounding Legate creek to the Skeena headwaters are Gitxsan ('People of the River Mist') and archaeological evidence supports a continuous habitation of at least 10,000 years. Their traditional language is called Gitxsanimaax.A museum known as 'Ksan displaying some traditional and modern Gitksan art and history is located on the Gitanmaax reserve near Hazelton.","title":"Society and culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wetʼsuwetʼen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%CA%BCsuwet%CA%BCen"},{"link_name":"Supreme Court of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"Delgamuukw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delgamuukw_v_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Gitxsan Nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitxsan_Nation"},{"link_name":"Government of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"Provincial Government of British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Council_of_British_Columbia"}],"text":"The aboriginal title rights of the Gitxsan and their neighbours, the Wetʼsuwetʼen, were affirmed by the Supreme Court of Canada in its 1997 Delgamuukw decision.To date, a treaty agreement between the Gitxsan Nation and the Federal Government of Canada and Provincial Government of British Columbia has not been reached.","title":"Title and treaties"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Old Hazelton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelton,_British_Columbia#Old_Hazelton_and_Two_Mile"},{"link_name":"Gitanmaax Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanmaax_Band"},{"link_name":"Kispiox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kispiox"},{"link_name":"Kispiox Band Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kispiox_Band_Council"},{"link_name":"Glen Vowell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Vowell"},{"link_name":"Glen Vowell Indian Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitxsan_Treaty_Society"},{"link_name":"Gitanyow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanyow"},{"link_name":"Gitanyow Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanyow_Band"},{"link_name":"Gitsegukla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitsegukla"},{"link_name":"Gitsegukla Indian Band (formerly Kitsegugkla)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitsegukla_Indian_Band"},{"link_name":"Kitwanga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitwanga"},{"link_name":"Gitwangak Indian Band (formerly Kitwanga)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitwangak_Indian_Band"},{"link_name":"Cedarvale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedarvale,_British_Columbia"}],"text":"Some of the Gitxsan (Gitksan) villages are, divided by dialect:Gitxsan dialect or Gitxsanimax̱, also known as Eastern Gitxsan dialect speaking bands in Gigeenix (eastern region):Old Hazelton (traditional name: Gitanmaax, Gitanmaax Band)\nKispiox (traditional name: Anspa'yaxw, Kispiox Band Council)\nGlen Vowell (traditional name: Sik-e-Dakh, Glen Vowell Indian Band)Gitsken dialect or Gitsenimx̱ , also known as Western Gitksan dialect speaking bands in Gyeets (western region):Gitanyow (formerly Kitwancool, Gitanyow Band)\nGitsegukla (formerly: Kitsegeucla, Gitsegukla Indian Band (formerly Kitsegugkla))\nKitwanga (traditional name: Gitwangak, Gitwangak Indian Band (formerly Kitwanga)) - the Gitksan community of Cedarvale (traditional name: Minskinish or Meanskaniist) belong as Koonwat Indian Reserve No. 7 to the Gitwangak.","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cindy Blackstock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Blackstock"},{"link_name":"Simon Gunanoot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Gunanoot"},{"link_name":"Walter Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Harris_(artist)"},{"link_name":"Doreen Jensen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doreen_Jensen"},{"link_name":"Judith P. Morgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_P._Morgan"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Vancouver60s-3"},{"link_name":"Angela Sterritt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Sterritt"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Order_of_British_Columbia,_Neil_J._Sterritt_recipient_2017-4"},{"link_name":"Billy ThunderKloud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_ThunderKloud_%26_the_Chieftones"},{"link_name":"Jean Virginia Sampare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Virginia_Sampare"}],"text":"Cindy Blackstock\nSimon Gunanoot, long sought-after fugitive later cleared of wrongdoing\nWalter Harris, hereditary chief and artist/carver\nDoreen Jensen, artist, carver, activist and educator\nJudith P. Morgan, painter[3]\nAngela Sterritt, journalist\nNeil J. Sterritt, author and activist [4]\nBilly ThunderKloud, singer/entertainer, Nashville recording artist, 1975 Outstanding Indian of the Year, hereditary chief\nNathaniel P. Wilkerson, artist/carver\nJean Virginia Sampare, an abducted girl missing from Gitsegukla, British Columbia, Canada","title":"Notable people of Gitxsan descent"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tribal Boundaries in the Nass Watershed. Vancouver: U.B.C. Press.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ubcpress.ca/tribal-boundaries-in-the-nass-watershed"},{"link_name":"Mapping My Way Home: A Gitxsan History. Smithers, BC: Creekstone Press.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//creekstonepress.com/index.php/publications/article/mapping_my_way_home_a_gitxsan_history"}],"text":"Adams, John W. (1973) The Gitksan Potlatch: Population Flux, Resource Ownership and Reciprocity. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada.\nBarbeau, Marius (1928) The Downfall of Temlaham. Toronto: MacMillan.\nBarbeau, Marius (1929) Totem Poles of the Gitksan, Upper Skeena River, British Columbia. Ottawa: Canada, Department of Mines.\nBeynon, William (2000) Potlatch at Gitsegukla: William Beynon’s 1945 Field Notebooks. Ed. by Margaret Anderson and Marjorie Halpin. Vancouver: U.B.C. Press.\nBookbuildes of 'Ksan (1977) We-Gyet Wanders On: Legends of the Northwest. Saanichton, B.C.: Hancock House Publishers.\nCove, John J. (1982) \"The Gitksan Traditional Concept of Land Ownership.\" Anthropologica, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3–17.\nDaly, Richard (2005) Our Box Was Full: An Ethnography for the Delgamuukw Plaintiffs. Vancouver: UBC Press.\nDuff, Wilson (ed.) (1959) Histories, Territories and Laws of the Kitwancool. Victoria: Royal British Columbia Museum.\nGalois, Robert, and Neil J. Sterritt, (1998) Tribal Boundaries in the Nass Watershed. Vancouver: U.B.C. Press.\nGibson, John Frederic (1972) A Small and Charming World. Toronto: Collins Publishers.\nGlavin, Terry (1990) A Death Feast in Dimlahamid. Vancouver: New Star Books.\nHarris, Christie (1975) Sky Man on the Totem Pole? New York: Atheneum.\nHarris, Kenneth B. (1974) Visitors Who Never Left: The Origin of the People of Damelahamid. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.\nMonet, Don, and Ardythe Wilson (1992) Colonialism on Trial: Indigenous Land Rights and the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en Sovereignty Case. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers.\nSterritt, Neil J., (2020) Mapping My Way Home: A Gitxsan History. Smithers, BC: Creekstone Press.\nRussell, Roy (2015) Feast: A Gitksan Story","title":"Bibliography"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data\". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2017-11-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110522&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=","url_text":"\"Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data\""}]},{"reference":"Gallery, Belkin. \"Judith Morgan\". Retrieved 10 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://vancouverartinthesixties.com/people/70","url_text":"\"Judith Morgan\""}]},{"reference":"British Columbia, Order of. \"Neil J. Sterritt\". Retrieved 6 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://orderofbc.gov.bc.ca/2017-recipient-neil-j-sterritt-150-mile-house","url_text":"\"Neil J. Sterritt\""}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110522&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=","external_links_name":"\"Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data\""},{"Link":"http://www.gitxsan.com/html/who/people/history.htm","external_links_name":"Gitxsan Chiefs - Who We Are - Recent History"},{"Link":"http://vancouverartinthesixties.com/people/70","external_links_name":"\"Judith Morgan\""},{"Link":"http://orderofbc.gov.bc.ca/2017-recipient-neil-j-sterritt-150-mile-house","external_links_name":"\"Neil J. Sterritt\""},{"Link":"https://www.ubcpress.ca/tribal-boundaries-in-the-nass-watershed","external_links_name":"Tribal Boundaries in the Nass Watershed. Vancouver: U.B.C. Press."},{"Link":"http://creekstonepress.com/index.php/publications/article/mapping_my_way_home_a_gitxsan_history","external_links_name":"Mapping My Way Home: A Gitxsan History. Smithers, BC: Creekstone Press."},{"Link":"http://www.gitxsan.com/","external_links_name":"Gitxsan Nation official website"},{"Link":"http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1385525/gitxsan-eviction-notice-to-sportsfishers-forestry-and-cn-rail","external_links_name":"Evictions"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/942949/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048518n","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048518n","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007545802705171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85072584","external_links_name":"United States"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Substitute_Wife_(1925_film)
The Substitute Wife (1925 film)
["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Preservation status","4 References","5 External links"]
1925 film by Wilfred Noy The Substitute WifeDirected byWilfred NoyWritten byKatherine SmithStarringJane Novak Niles Welch Coit AlbertsonCinematographyHarry Stradling Sr.ProductioncompanyArrow Film CorporationDistributed byArrow Film CorporationRelease date October 15, 1925 (1925-10-15) Running time70 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguagesSilent English intertitles The Substitute Wife is a 1925 American silent drama film written by Katherine Smith and directed by Wilfred Noy. Plot A man, suddenly gone blind, mistakes another woman for his wife. When nurse Hilda Nevers returns from the Orient, she is left penniless because her father has died. She goes to work at a hospital where Dr. Kitchell is impressed by her voice, which is almost identical to that of his lover, Evelyn Wentworth. Evelyn is engaged to Lawrence Sinton, but only for his money. On their wedding night, Sinton is blinded when a burglar hits him on the head. Hilda is substituted for Evelyn, who is then free to continue her affair with the doctor. A family friend finally exposes the situation, but by then, Hilda and Sinton have fallen in love. Sinton has an operation that restores his sight, and he and Hilda are united. Cast Jane Novak as Hilda Nervers Niles Welch as Lawrence Sinton Coit Albertson as Victor Bronson Louise Carter as Evelyn Wentworth Gordon Standing as Doctor Kitchell Mario Majeroni as Doctor De Longe Preservation status The film survives in the Library of Congress collection, Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation. References ^ The Library of Congress American Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog:..The Substitute Wife External links The Substitute Wife at IMDb vteThe films of Wilfred Noy Lorna Doone (1912) King Charles (1913) The Heroine of Mons (1914) Old St. Paul's (1914) The Master of Merripit (1915) The Verdict of the Heart (1915) Under the Red Robe (1915) A Princess of the Blood (1916) The Queen Mother (1916) The Little Breadwinner (1916) It's Always the Woman (1916) The Little Damozel (1916) On the Banks of Allan Water (1916) The Lost Chord (1917) Home Sweet Home (1917) Asthore (1917) A Master of Men (1918) Ave Maria (1918) What Would a Gentleman Do? (1918) Spinner o' Dreams (1918) As He Was Born (1919) The Lady Clare (1919) Castle of Dreams (1919) The Face at the Window (1920) Inheritance (1920) The Marriage Lines (1921) Rogues of the Turf (1923) The Temptation of Carlton Earle (1923) Little Miss Nobody (1923) The Lost Chord (1925) The Midnight Girl (1925) The Substitute Wife (1925) Spider Webs (1927) Eager Lips (1927) The Devil's Cage (1928) Circumstantial Evidence (1929) Father O'Flynn (1935) Well Done, Henry (1936) Melody of My Heart (1936) This article about a silent drama film from the 1920s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"silent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_film"},{"link_name":"drama film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)"},{"link_name":"Wilfred Noy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Noy"}],"text":"The Substitute Wife is a 1925 American silent drama film written by Katherine Smith and directed by Wilfred Noy.","title":"The Substitute Wife (1925 film)"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"A man, suddenly gone blind, mistakes another woman for his wife. When nurse Hilda Nevers returns from the Orient, she is left penniless because her father has died. She goes to work at a hospital where Dr. Kitchell is impressed by her voice, which is almost identical to that of his lover, Evelyn Wentworth. Evelyn is engaged to Lawrence Sinton, but only for his money. On their wedding night, Sinton is blinded when a burglar hits him on the head. Hilda is substituted for Evelyn, who is then free to continue her affair with the doctor. A family friend finally exposes the situation, but by then, Hilda and Sinton have fallen in love. Sinton has an operation that restores his sight, and he and Hilda are united.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jane Novak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Novak"},{"link_name":"Niles Welch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niles_Welch"},{"link_name":"Coit Albertson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coit_Albertson"},{"link_name":"Louise Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Carter"},{"link_name":"Gordon Standing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Standing&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mario Majeroni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Majeroni"}],"text":"Jane Novak as Hilda Nervers\nNiles Welch as Lawrence Sinton\nCoit Albertson as Victor Bronson\nLouise Carter as Evelyn Wentworth\nGordon Standing as Doctor Kitchell\nMario Majeroni as Doctor De Longe","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Library of Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress"},{"link_name":"Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packard_Campus_for_Audio-Visual_Conservation"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"The film survives in the Library of Congress collection, Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation.[1]","title":"Preservation status"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_%C5%9Awiat-Uniwersytet_metro_station
Nowy Świat-Uniwersytet metro station
["1 Gallery","2 References","3 External links"]
Coordinates: 52°14′13.5″N 21°1′4.5″E / 52.237083°N 21.017917°E / 52.237083; 21.017917Warsaw metro station Nowy Świat-UniwersytetGeneral informationCoordinates52°14′13.5″N 21°1′4.5″E / 52.237083°N 21.017917°E / 52.237083; 21.017917Owned byZTM WarszawaPlatforms1 island platformTracks2Connections 106, 178, 518 N14, N16, N44, N64ConstructionStructure typeUndergroundPlatform levels1AccessibleYesOther informationStation codeC-12Fare zone1HistoryOpened8 March 2015; 9 years ago (8 March 2015)Previous namesNowy Świat (In planning phase)Services Preceding station Warsaw Metro Following station Świętokrzyskatowards Bemowo M2 line Centrum Nauki Koperniktowards Bródno Location Nowy Świat-UniwersytetLocation within WarsawShow map of Warsaw Nowy Świat-Uniwersytet Nowy Świat-Uniwersytet (Masovian Voivodeship)Show map of Masovian Voivodeship Nowy Świat-Uniwersytet is a station on the central part of Line M2 of the Warsaw Metro. The station fully opened for passenger use on 8 March 2015 as part of the inaugural stretch of Line M2 between Rondo Daszyńskiego and Dworzec Wileński. It was designed by Polish architect Andrzej M. Chołdzyński and constructed by Metroprojekt. Murals were created by Wojciech Fangor, artist of the Polish School of Posters. The station is near the intersection of Świętokrzyska and Nowy Świat Streets, as well as the location of the main campus of the University of Warsaw and the Ministry of Finance building. Piłsudski Square can also be assessed by a seven-minute walk north-north-west of the station. Gallery Entrance to the station Entrance to the station Main platform Interior detail, murals designed by Wojciech Fangor References ^ Schwandl, Robert. "UrbanRail.Net > Warszawa". Retrieved 1 September 2019. ^ "Wyborcza.pl". ^ "Andrzej Chołdzyński - architekt, właściciel, AMC Chołdzyński". www.propertydesign.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-08-03. ^ Poreda, Luiza (2014-03-07). "Prace Wojciecha Fangora ozdobią stacje metra". wawalove.wp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-08-03. External links Media related to Nowy Świat-Uniwersytet metro station at Wikimedia Commons ZTM Municipal Transport Authority website - Warsaw Metro page vteWarsaw Metro M1 line Młociny Wawrzyszew Stare Bielany Słodowiec Marymont Plac Wilsona Dworzec Gdański Muranów (unbuilt) Ratusz Arsenał Świętokrzyska Centrum Plac Konstytucji (unbuilt) Politechnika Pole Mokotowskie Racławicka Wierzbno Wilanowska Służew Ursynów Stokłosy Imielin Natolin Kabaty M2 line Bemowo Ulrychów Księcia Janusza Młynów Płocka Rondo Daszyńskiego Rondo ONZ Świętokrzyska Nowy Świat-Uniwersytet Centrum Nauki Kopernik Stadion Narodowy Dworzec Wileński Szwedzka Targówek Mieszkaniowy Trocka Zacisze Kondratowicza Bródno Planned lines M3 line M4 line M5 line Rolling stock Metrovagonmash 81-717/81-714 Alstom Metropolis Siemens Inspiro Škoda Varsovia List of Warsaw Metro stations Public Transport Authority This Warsaw Metro-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article about a railway station in Warsaw is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Incognito_Lounge_(poem)
The Incognito Lounge (poem)
["1 Critical appraisal","2 Footnotes","3 Sources"]
Sonnet by Denis Johnson The Incognito Lounge is a sonnet by Denis Johnson and first published his collection The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems in 1982 by Random House. The poem has appeared in the Carnegie Mellon Classic Contemporary Series in 2008. Critical appraisal "The Incognito Lounge" is a sonnet composed of nine "strophes" or stanzas. The poem, one of Johnson's fifteen published sonnets, exhibits a degree of fidelity to these traditional literary forms unusual to Johnson's oeuvre . Poet and critic Jay Deshpande writes: To be clear, Johnson was by no means a formalist. Most of his poems are free verse: whether writing lyric or narrative, he was not one for leaning heavily on literary convention. But in the sonnet, he found a home for both his maverick tendencies and his attachment to tradition: He even made practiced, dedicated use of rhyme. Deshpande declares that "each sonnet is a crystalline example of what he gave to American letters." John Casteen identifies the urban landscape in which the poem unfolds: "The Incognito Lounge" is set in an apartment complex and several bars of what I assume is probably Tucson, Arizona—Its speaker, with "my eyes closed and two / eyeballs painted on my face," is both present and not present, expressing but not perceiving. The meteor shower he compares figuratively to "these questions of happiness / plaguing the world" is, accurately enough, empirically there, real, and brilliant, but remote, unreachable; like the meteors, the questions appear less violent when one perceives them from such an incomprehensible distance. The poem's ambiguities mount as we get comfortable with its setting: the helicopter both asking and telling "whatwhatwhatwhatwhat" the synaesthetic gesture of the 'boiled / coffee that tastes like noise.'" Nicholas Niarchos notes that "The Incognito Lounge" is set "in an apartment block with a who revels in sightlessness ("I go everywhere with my eyes closed and two / eyeballs painted on my face"). He inhabits a world "right slam on the brink of language," where things tend to meld into one another…" In describing the sonnet's first strophe or stanza, critic Richard Miklitsch observes that Johnson abandons "acoustics…metrics…rhyme and enjambment" in favor of "an obsessive image…in this case, one of the most intimate and seemingly familiar of images, the human face." In Johnson's hands, the face undergoes a number of astonishing permutations: A fantastic world this, one both frightening and fascinating where nothing is what it seems because nothing remains the same, because everything is always changing into something else…connected only by the speaker's compelling voice and episodic history he presents, scene by scene… Miklitsch adds: "Johnson's imagination seems particularly suited to this kind of poem, one composed of seemingly self-contained anecdotes that, put together, produced a skewed but strangely satisfying story." John Casteen discerns deeply reflexive conveyed through "The Incognito Lounge": That poem seemed like reassurance to someone who understood the world the way we did, who was just as fucked up and just as hard-edged and merciless in writing his own experience, that someone like that could write something both sublimely beautiful and deeply, intimately personal. I don't just mean personal for the author; I mean personal for us." Footnotes ^ Casteen 2013: "Denis Johnson's "The Incognito Lounge," the title poem of his collection originally published in 1981 , reissued in the Carnegie Mellon Classic Contemporary Series five years ago ." ^ Miklitsch 1983, p. 249: The poem composed of "nine strophes" ^ Deshpande 2017 ^ Deshpande 2017 ^ Miklitsch 1983, p. 247: Miklitsch considers the sonnet the "premiere" literary work of the volume The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems. ^ Casteen 2013: italics added for clarity. ^ Niarchos 2018 ^ Miklitsch 1983, p. 248 ^ Miklitsch 1983, pp. 249–250 ^ Casteen 2013: Italics in original Sources Casteen, John (April 2, 2013). "John Casteen on Denis Johnson's "The Incognito Lounge"". Voltage Poetry. Retrieved September 22, 2022. Deshpande, Jay (August 7, 2017). "My Denis Johnson". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved September 11, 2022. Miklitsch, Michael (1983). "Review of "The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems"by Robert Miklitsch". The Iowa Review. Vol. 13, no. 3–4. pp. 246–250. doi:10.17077/0021-065X.2969. Retrieved October 3, 2022. Niarchos, Nicolas (June 4, 2018). ""The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly," by Denis Johnson". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 23, 2018. vteDenis JohnsonFictionNovels Angels (1983) Fiskadoro (1985) The Stars at Noon (1986) Resuscitation of a Hanged Man (1991) Already Dead: A California Gothic (1997) The Name of the World (2000) Tree of Smoke (2007) Nobody Move (2009) Train Dreams (2011) The Laughing Monsters (2014) Short fiction "Car Crash While Hitchhiking" (1989) Jesus' Son (1992) "The Largesse of the Sea Maiden" (2014) The Largesse of the Sea Maiden (2018) "Triumph Over the Grave" (2018) Poetry The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems (1982) "The Incognito Lounge" (1982) Nonfiction Seek: Reports from the Edges of America & Beyond (2001) Screenplays Hit Me (1996) Film adaptations Jesus' Son (1999) Stars at Noon (2022)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sonnet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet"},{"link_name":"Denis Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Johnson"},{"link_name":"The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Incognito_Lounge_and_Other_Poems"},{"link_name":"Random House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House"},{"link_name":"Carnegie Mellon Classic Contemporary Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University_Press"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Sonnet by Denis JohnsonThe Incognito Lounge is a sonnet by Denis Johnson and first published his collection The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems in 1982 by Random House. The poem has appeared in the Carnegie Mellon Classic Contemporary Series in 2008.[1]","title":"The Incognito Lounge (poem)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sonnet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet"},{"link_name":"strophes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strophe"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"free verse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_verse"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"John Casteen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Casteen_III"},{"link_name":"Tucson, Arizona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"enjambment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjambment"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"reflexive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexivity_(social_theory)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"\"The Incognito Lounge\" is a sonnet composed of nine \"strophes\" or stanzas.[2]The poem, one of Johnson's fifteen published sonnets, exhibits a degree of fidelity to these traditional literary forms unusual to Johnson's oeuvre . Poet and critic Jay Deshpande writes:To be clear, Johnson was by no means a formalist. Most of his poems are free verse: whether writing lyric or narrative, he was not one for leaning heavily on literary convention. But in the sonnet, he found a home for both his maverick tendencies and his attachment to tradition: He even made practiced, dedicated use of rhyme.[3]Deshpande declares that \"each sonnet is a crystalline example of what he gave to American letters.\"[4][5] John Casteen identifies the urban landscape in which the poem unfolds:\"The Incognito Lounge\" is set in an apartment complex and several bars of what I assume is probably Tucson, Arizona—Its speaker, with \"my eyes closed and two / eyeballs painted on my face,\" is both present and not present, expressing but not perceiving. The meteor shower he compares figuratively to \"these questions of happiness / plaguing the world\" is, accurately enough, empirically there, real, and brilliant, but remote, unreachable; like the meteors, the questions appear less violent when one perceives them from such an incomprehensible distance. The poem's ambiguities mount as we get comfortable with its setting: the helicopter both asking and telling \"whatwhatwhatwhatwhat\" the synaesthetic gesture of the 'boiled / coffee that tastes like noise.'\"[6]Nicholas Niarchos notes that \"The Incognito Lounge\" is set \"in an apartment block with a [narrator] who revels in sightlessness (\"I go everywhere with my eyes closed and two / eyeballs painted on my face\"). He inhabits a world \"right slam on the brink of language,\" where things tend to meld into one another…\"[7] In describing the sonnet's first strophe or stanza, critic Richard Miklitsch observes that Johnson abandons \"acoustics…metrics…rhyme and enjambment\" in favor of \"an obsessive image…in this case, one of the most intimate and seemingly familiar of images, the human face.\" In Johnson's hands, the face undergoes a number of astonishing permutations:A fantastic world this, one both frightening and fascinating where nothing is what it seems because nothing remains the same, because everything is always changing into something else…connected only by the speaker's compelling voice and episodic history he presents, scene by scene…[8]Miklitsch adds: \"Johnson's imagination seems particularly suited to this kind of poem, one composed of seemingly self-contained anecdotes that, put together, produced a skewed but strangely satisfying story.\"[9]John Casteen discerns deeply reflexive conveyed through \"The Incognito Lounge\":That poem seemed like reassurance to someone who understood the world the way we did, who was just as fucked up and just as hard-edged and merciless in writing his own experience, that someone like that could write something both sublimely beautiful and deeply, intimately personal. I don't just mean personal for the author; I mean personal for us.\"[10]","title":"Critical appraisal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"Casteen 2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFCasteen2013"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"Miklitsch 1983","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFMiklitsch1983"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Deshpande 2017","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFDeshpande2017"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"Deshpande 2017","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFDeshpande2017"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"Miklitsch 1983","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFMiklitsch1983"},{"link_name":"The Incognito Lounge and Other 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Contemporary Series five years ago [2008].\"\n\n^ Miklitsch 1983, p. 249: The poem composed of \"nine strophes\"\n\n^ Deshpande 2017\n\n^ Deshpande 2017\n\n^ Miklitsch 1983, p. 247: Miklitsch considers the sonnet the \"premiere\" literary work of the volume The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems.\n\n^ Casteen 2013: italics added for clarity.\n\n^ Niarchos 2018\n\n^ Miklitsch 1983, p. 248\n\n^ Miklitsch 1983, pp. 249–250\n\n^ Casteen 2013: Italics in original","title":"Footnotes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Casteen, John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Casteen_III"},{"link_name":"\"John Casteen on Denis Johnson's \"The Incognito Lounge\"\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//voltagepoetry.com/2013/04/02/john-casteen-on-denis-johnsons-the-incognito-lounge/"},{"link_name":"\"My Denis Johnson\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/143869/my-denis-johnson-59838fbb7f327"},{"link_name":"Poetry Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry_Foundation"},{"link_name":"\"Review of \"The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems\"by Robert Miklitsch\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/iowareview/article/id/21287/"},{"link_name":"The Iowa Review","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iowa_Review"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.17077/0021-065X.2969","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.17077%2F0021-065X.2969"},{"link_name":"\"\"The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly,\" by Denis Johnson\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.newyorker.com/recommends/read/the-throne-of-the-third-heaven-of-the-nations-millennium-general-assembly-by-denis-johnson"},{"link_name":"The New Yorker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Denis_Johnson"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Denis_Johnson"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Denis_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Denis Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Angels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels_(novel)"},{"link_name":"Fiskadoro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiskadoro"},{"link_name":"The Stars at Noon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stars_at_Noon"},{"link_name":"Resuscitation of a Hanged Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resuscitation_of_a_Hanged_Man"},{"link_name":"Already Dead: A California Gothic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Already_Dead:_A_California_Gothic"},{"link_name":"The Name of the World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Name_of_the_World"},{"link_name":"Tree of Smoke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_Smoke"},{"link_name":"Nobody Move","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody_Move_(novel)"},{"link_name":"Train Dreams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_Dreams"},{"link_name":"The Laughing Monsters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Laughing_Monsters"},{"link_name":"Car Crash While Hitchhiking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_Crash_While_Hitchhiking"},{"link_name":"Jesus' Son","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus%27_Son_(short_story_collection)"},{"link_name":"The Largesse of the Sea Maiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Largesse_of_the_Sea_Maiden_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"The Largesse of the Sea Maiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Largesse_of_the_Sea_Maiden"},{"link_name":"Triumph Over the Grave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Over_the_Grave"},{"link_name":"The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Incognito_Lounge_and_Other_Poems"},{"link_name":"The Incognito Lounge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Seek: Reports from the Edges of America & Beyond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seek:_Reports_from_the_Edges_of_America_%26_Beyond"},{"link_name":"Hit Me","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_Me_(film)"},{"link_name":"Jesus' Son","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus%27_Son_(film)"},{"link_name":"Stars at Noon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_at_Noon_(2022_film)"}],"text":"Casteen, John (April 2, 2013). \"John Casteen on Denis Johnson's \"The Incognito Lounge\"\". Voltage Poetry. Retrieved September 22, 2022.\nDeshpande, Jay (August 7, 2017). \"My Denis Johnson\". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved September 11, 2022.\nMiklitsch, Michael (1983). \"Review of \"The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems\"by Robert Miklitsch\". The Iowa Review. Vol. 13, no. 3–4. pp. 246–250. doi:10.17077/0021-065X.2969. Retrieved October 3, 2022.\nNiarchos, Nicolas (June 4, 2018). \"\"The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly,\" by Denis Johnson\". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 23, 2018.vteDenis JohnsonFictionNovels\nAngels (1983)\nFiskadoro (1985)\nThe Stars at Noon (1986)\nResuscitation of a Hanged Man (1991)\nAlready Dead: A California Gothic (1997)\nThe Name of the World (2000)\nTree of Smoke (2007)\nNobody Move (2009)\nTrain Dreams (2011)\nThe Laughing Monsters (2014)\nShort fiction\n\"Car Crash While Hitchhiking\" (1989)\nJesus' Son (1992)\n\"The Largesse of the Sea Maiden\" (2014)\nThe Largesse of the Sea Maiden (2018)\n\"Triumph Over the Grave\" (2018)\nPoetry\nThe Incognito Lounge and Other Poems (1982)\n\"The Incognito Lounge\" (1982)\nNonfiction\nSeek: Reports from the Edges of America & Beyond (2001)\nScreenplays\nHit Me (1996)\nFilm adaptations\nJesus' Son (1999)\nStars at Noon (2022)","title":"Sources"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Casteen, John (April 2, 2013). \"John Casteen on Denis Johnson's \"The Incognito Lounge\"\". Voltage Poetry. Retrieved September 22, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Casteen_III","url_text":"Casteen, John"},{"url":"https://voltagepoetry.com/2013/04/02/john-casteen-on-denis-johnsons-the-incognito-lounge/","url_text":"\"John Casteen on Denis Johnson's \"The Incognito Lounge\"\""}]},{"reference":"Deshpande, Jay (August 7, 2017). \"My Denis Johnson\". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved September 11, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/143869/my-denis-johnson-59838fbb7f327","url_text":"\"My Denis Johnson\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry_Foundation","url_text":"Poetry Foundation"}]},{"reference":"Miklitsch, Michael (1983). \"Review of \"The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems\"by Robert Miklitsch\". The Iowa Review. Vol. 13, no. 3–4. pp. 246–250. doi:10.17077/0021-065X.2969. Retrieved October 3, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/iowareview/article/id/21287/","url_text":"\"Review of \"The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems\"by Robert Miklitsch\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iowa_Review","url_text":"The Iowa Review"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.17077%2F0021-065X.2969","url_text":"10.17077/0021-065X.2969"}]},{"reference":"Niarchos, Nicolas (June 4, 2018). \"\"The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly,\" by Denis Johnson\". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 23, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newyorker.com/recommends/read/the-throne-of-the-third-heaven-of-the-nations-millennium-general-assembly-by-denis-johnson","url_text":"\"\"The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly,\" by Denis Johnson\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker","url_text":"The New Yorker"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://voltagepoetry.com/2013/04/02/john-casteen-on-denis-johnsons-the-incognito-lounge/","external_links_name":"\"John Casteen on Denis Johnson's \"The Incognito Lounge\"\""},{"Link":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/143869/my-denis-johnson-59838fbb7f327","external_links_name":"\"My Denis Johnson\""},{"Link":"https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/iowareview/article/id/21287/","external_links_name":"\"Review of \"The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems\"by Robert Miklitsch\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.17077%2F0021-065X.2969","external_links_name":"10.17077/0021-065X.2969"},{"Link":"https://www.newyorker.com/recommends/read/the-throne-of-the-third-heaven-of-the-nations-millennium-general-assembly-by-denis-johnson","external_links_name":"\"\"The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly,\" by Denis Johnson\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Jayne_House
Horace Jayne House
["1 History","2 Design","3 References"]
Coordinates: 39°56′52″N 75°10′25″W / 39.94778°N 75.17361°W / 39.94778; -75.17361Historic house in Pennsylvania, United States United States historic placeHorace Jayne HouseU.S. National Register of Historic Places Horace Jayne House, February 2010Show map of PhiladelphiaShow map of PennsylvaniaShow map of the United StatesLocation320 S. 19th Street, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCoordinates39°56′52″N 75°10′25″W / 39.94778°N 75.17361°W / 39.94778; -75.17361Area0.1 acres (0.040 ha)Built1895ArchitectFurness, Evans & Co.Architectural styleColonial RevivalNRHP reference No.82003810Added to NRHPJuly 22, 1982 Horace Jayne House (1895) is an architecturally significant building designed by architect Frank Furness in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the southwest corner of 19th and Delancey Streets, about a block south of Rittenhouse Square. The Horace Jayne House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. History The house was built as the residence and office of Dr. Horace Jayne and his wife Caroline Furness Jayne, and was completed in 1895. Dr. Jayne was a zoologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Jayne, the architect's niece, was an ethnologist and an authority on string figures. Following her death at age 36, Dr. Jayne and their children – Kate Furness Jayne and Horace H. F. Jayne – moved year-round to "Sub Rosa," their summer house on the Wallingford, Pennsylvania property of her father, Horace Howard Furness.: 321  The city house was acquired by department-store heir Jacob Lit of Lit Brothers about 1928, who probably added the radiator covers of frolicking greyhounds by sculptor William Hunt Diederich. The building was acquired by Temple Beth Zion in 1946 and served as its synagogue from 1946 to 1953 after which it served as headquarters for the Heart Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania from the 1950s to the 1980s. The building was renovated in the late 1980s into the law offices of Anapol, Schwartz, Weiss & Schwartz. It was sold in 2007, and underwent a 2-year restoration by John Milner, Architects. It is now, again, a single-family residence. Many of Furness's grandest Philadelphia houses of the 1880s and 1890s were built near or fronting on Rittenhouse Square.: 230–31, 276, 282, 309  These included the William W. Frazier house (1881–82, demolished), at the southwest corner of 18th & Rittenhouse Square Streets; the George B. Preston house (1881–83, demolished), at the northeast corner of 22nd & Walnut Streets; the Thomas A. Scott house (1887–88, demolished), at the southeast corner of 19th & Rittenhouse Square Streets; the Alexander J. Cassatt house (1888, demolished), at 202 South 19th Street (Rittenhouse Square West); and the Thomas A. Reilly house (1891–92), at 1804 Rittenhouse Square Street. Of these, only the Reilly house and the Jayne house survive. Design The eclectic building's design is highly unusual, and its volumes are articulated on the exterior. The facade is divided into two halves; a 3+1⁄2-story southern section that contained Dr. Jayne's offices – a ground-floor waiting room and an examination room above – and a 2+1⁄2-story northern section that contained the high-ceilinged formal rooms. The floor levels coincide on the upper stories. The main entrance is off-center in a slightly projected section, with an oval window and a bracket-supported Juliet balcony above. The Colonial Revival-detailed exterior is composed of red English sandstone and brick, and features terra cotta reliefs by sculptor Karl Bitter on the east, north and west façades and the pedimented dormers. Bitter also modeled the reliefs for Furness & Evans's contemporaneous Broad Street Station (1893–94). The interior is remarkable. The formal rooms are located a half-story above the entrance. The 2-story central hall features a grand staircase on the south wall that wraps around the fireplace, a hanging gallery (suspended from the ceiling by iron rods) that traces the other three walls, and an intricate leaded glass skylight.: 319–20  A favorite visual pun of Furness's was to place a window above a fireplace, splitting the flues into the walls flanking it—as he did at Jefferson Medical College (1875–77) and the parish hall of First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia (1883–86). With the Jayne house's central hall he took his punning to an extreme, placing a curved balcony and a horseshoe-shaped seating area above the fireplace (accessed from an intermediate landing behind), and splitting the flues into piers that merged to form a soaring triumphal arch. Dr. Horace Jayne, 1899 Architect Frank Furness, 1901 References Philadelphia portal ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010. ^ a b c "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania" (Searchable database). CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Note: This includes George E. Thomas (February 1982). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Horace Jayne House" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-06-16. ^ a b c George E. Thomas, et al., Frank Furness: The Complete Works (Princeton University Press, revised 1996). ^ Preservation Matters (Spring 2011), Preservation Alliance of Philadelphia newsletter. ^ "Adventists Plan Sale of Church". Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. August 10, 1953. p. 30. ^ Terrence G. List, "The Philadelphia of Frank Furness," The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 8, 1989. ^ Will Holloway, "Landmark Restoration," from Palladio Awards. ^ "House Party," The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 20, 2010. ^ William W. Frazier house, from FrankFurness.org. ^ George B. Preston house, from Bryn Mawr College. ^ Thomas A. Scott house, from Furnesque. ^ Rogers-Cassatt House, from Historic American Buildings Survey. ^ Thomas A. Reilly house, from Pinterest. ^ James F. O'Gorman, et al., The Architecture of Frank Furness (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1973), pp. 180-81, figs. 33-1 & 33-4. ^ James F. O'Gorman, et al., The Architecture of Frank Furness (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1973), pp. 48, 148-49, figs. 24-8 & 24-10. ^ Photographs of the interior, from James F. O'Gorman, et al., The Architecture of Frank Furness (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1973), pp. 188-90. vteUS National Register of Historic Places in PennsylvaniaTopics Contributing property Keeper of the Register Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Property types Lists by county Adams Allegheny Armstrong Beaver Bedford Berks Blair Bradford Bucks Butler Cambria Cameron Carbon Centre Chester East North South Clarion Clearfield Clinton Columbia Crawford Cumberland Dauphin Delaware Elk Erie Fayette Forest Franklin Fulton Greene Huntingdon Indiana Jefferson Juniata Lackawanna Lancaster Lawrence Lebanon Lehigh Luzerne Lycoming McKean Mercer Mifflin Monroe Montgomery Montour Northampton Northumberland Perry Philadelphia Pike Potter Schuylkill Snyder Somerset Sullivan Susquehanna Tioga Union Venango Warren Washington Wayne Westmoreland Wyoming York Lists by city Pittsburgh Lancaster Philadelphia Center City North Northeast Northwest South Southwest West Other lists European archaeological sites Native American archaeological sites Bridges (covered) National Historic Landmarks (Philadelphia) Category NRHP portal vteFrank FurnessFurness & Hewitt(1871–1875) St. Peter's Episcopal Church of Germantown (1873) Trinity Church, Oxford (1875) Thomas Hockley House (1875) Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1876) Frank Furness, Architect(1875–1881) Centennial National Bank (1876) Emlen Physick Estate (1879) Fairview (1880) Wallingford station (1880) Knowlton (1881) Furness & Evans(1881–1886) Dolobran (1881) Gravers Lane station (1882) Mount Airy station (1882) Undine Barge Club (1883) St. Michael's Episcopal Church, Birdsboro (1885) Hockley Row (1886) First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia (1886) Furness, Evans & Company(1886–c. 1931) Lotta Crabtree Cottage (1886) Solomon House (1887) Water Street station (1887) Brooke Mansion, Birdsboro (1888) Ormonde (1888) Idlewild (1890) Williamson Free School (1890) University of Pennsylvania Library (1891) The Baldwin School (1891) Princeton Club, Philadelphia (1891) Lahaska station (1891) New Hope station (1891) Wycombe station (1891) Horace Jayne House (1895) Merion Cricket Club (1897) St. Luke's Church, Kensington (1904) Girard Trust Company Building (1907) Wilmington Station (1908) Zurbrugg Mansion (1910) Demolished buildings Lindenshade (1873) Provident Life & Trust Company (1879) Sedgwick station (1882) Pencoyd (1884) B&O Station, Pittsburgh (1887) B&O Station, Philadelphia (1888) Buckingham Valley station (1891) Jersey City Ferry Terminal (1892) Broad Street Station (1893) Associated people Allen Evans John Fraser G. W. & W. D. Hewitt Daniel Pabst William Lightfoot Price Louis Sullivan Wilson Brothers & Company Commons vteKarl BitterSculpture Louisiana Purchase Group (1904) Thomas Jefferson (1911) Depew Memorial Fountain (1915) Pomona (1915) Architecturalsculpture Trinity Church (Manhattan) (1891) Broad Street Station (1894) Horace Jayne House (1895) Biltmore Estate (1895) Metropolitan Museum of Art (1895-1899) St. Paul Building (1896) All Angels' Church (Manhattan) (1900) Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House (1906) Cleveland Trust Company (1907) Wisconsin State Capitol (1910-1917) Cuyahoga County Courthouse (1911) Expositions World's Columbian Exposition (1893) Pan-American Exposition (1901) Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904) Panama–Pacific International Exposition (1915) Associated people Francis Bitter (son) Alexander Stirling Calder Frank Furness Richard Morris Hunt Audrey Munson (model) Commons
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frank Furness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Furness"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia"},{"link_name":"Rittenhouse Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rittenhouse_Square"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nris-1"}],"text":"Historic house in Pennsylvania, United StatesUnited States historic placeHorace Jayne House (1895) is an architecturally significant building designed by architect Frank Furness in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the southwest corner of 19th and Delancey Streets, about a block south of Rittenhouse Square.The Horace Jayne House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[1]","title":"Horace Jayne House"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Horace Jayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Jayne"},{"link_name":"Caroline Furness Jayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Furness_Jayne"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arch-2"},{"link_name":"zoologist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologist"},{"link_name":"University of Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"ethnologist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnologist"},{"link_name":"string figures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_figures"},{"link_name":"Horace H. F. Jayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_H._F._Jayne"},{"link_name":"Wallingford, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallingford,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Horace Howard Furness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Howard_Furness"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Thomas1996-3"},{"link_name":"Lit Brothers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit_Brothers"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Temple Beth Zion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Beth_Zion-Beth_Israel"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arch-2"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Thomas1996-3"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"The house was built as the residence and office of Dr. Horace Jayne and his wife Caroline Furness Jayne, and was completed in 1895.[2] Dr. Jayne was a zoologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Jayne, the architect's niece, was an ethnologist and an authority on string figures. Following her death at age 36, Dr. Jayne and their children – Kate Furness Jayne and Horace H. F. Jayne – moved year-round to \"Sub Rosa,\" their summer house on the Wallingford, Pennsylvania property of her father, Horace Howard Furness.[3]: 321The city house was acquired by department-store heir Jacob Lit of Lit Brothers about 1928, who probably added the radiator covers of frolicking greyhounds by sculptor William Hunt Diederich.[4]The building was acquired by Temple Beth Zion in 1946 and served as its synagogue from 1946 to 1953[5] after which it served as headquarters for the Heart Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania from the 1950s to the 1980s.[2] The building was renovated in the late 1980s into the law offices of Anapol, Schwartz, Weiss & Schwartz.[6] It was sold in 2007, and underwent a 2-year restoration by John Milner, Architects.[7] It is now, again, a single-family residence.[8]Many of Furness's grandest Philadelphia houses of the 1880s and 1890s were built near or fronting on Rittenhouse Square.[3]: 230–31, 276, 282, 309  These included the William W. Frazier house (1881–82, demolished), at the southwest corner of 18th & Rittenhouse Square Streets;[9] the George B. Preston house (1881–83, demolished), at the northeast corner of 22nd & Walnut Streets;[10] the Thomas A. Scott house (1887–88, demolished), at the southeast corner of 19th & Rittenhouse Square Streets;[11] the Alexander J. Cassatt house (1888, demolished), at 202 South 19th Street (Rittenhouse Square West);[12] and the Thomas A. Reilly house (1891–92), at 1804 Rittenhouse Square Street.[13] Of these, only the Reilly house and the Jayne house survive.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bracket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket_(architecture)"},{"link_name":"Juliet balcony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliet_balcony"},{"link_name":"Colonial Revival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture"},{"link_name":"terra cotta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_cotta"},{"link_name":"reliefs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief"},{"link_name":"Karl Bitter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Bitter"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arch-2"},{"link_name":"Furness & Evans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furness_%26_Evans"},{"link_name":"Broad Street Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Street_Station_(Philadelphia)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Thomas1996-3"},{"link_name":"flues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue"},{"link_name":"Jefferson Medical College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Medical_College"},{"link_name":"First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Unitarian_Church_of_Philadelphia"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"intermediate landing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stairs#Landing_or_Platform"},{"link_name":"triumphal arch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumphal_arch"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horace_Jayne_1899.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FrankFurness.jpg"}],"text":"The eclectic building's design is highly unusual, and its volumes are articulated on the exterior. The facade is divided into two halves; a 3+1⁄2-story southern section that contained Dr. Jayne's offices – a ground-floor waiting room and an examination room above – and a 2+1⁄2-story northern section that contained the high-ceilinged formal rooms. The floor levels coincide on the upper stories. The main entrance is off-center in a slightly projected section, with an oval window and a bracket-supported Juliet balcony above. The Colonial Revival-detailed exterior is composed of red English sandstone and brick, and features terra cotta reliefs by sculptor Karl Bitter on the east, north and west façades and the pedimented dormers.[2] Bitter also modeled the reliefs for Furness & Evans's contemporaneous Broad Street Station (1893–94).[14]The interior is remarkable. The formal rooms are located a half-story above the entrance. The 2-story central hall features a grand staircase on the south wall that wraps around the fireplace, a hanging gallery (suspended from the ceiling by iron rods) that traces the other three walls, and an intricate leaded glass skylight.[3]: 319–20  A favorite visual pun of Furness's was to place a window above a fireplace, splitting the flues into the walls flanking it—as he did at Jefferson Medical College (1875–77) and the parish hall of First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia (1883–86).[15] With the Jayne house's central hall he took his punning to an extreme, placing a curved balcony and a horseshoe-shaped seating area above the fireplace (accessed from an intermediate landing behind), and splitting the flues into piers that merged to form a soaring triumphal arch.[16]Dr. Horace Jayne, 1899\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tArchitect Frank Furness, 1901","title":"Design"}]
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/FrankFurness.jpg/100px-FrankFurness.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","url_text":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places","url_text":"National Register of Historic Places"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"\"National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania\" (Searchable database). CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce/SelectWelcome.asp","url_text":"\"National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania\""}]},{"reference":"George E. Thomas (February 1982). \"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Horace Jayne House\" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-06-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://gis.penndot.gov/CRGISAttachments/SiteResource/H050976_01H.pdf","url_text":"\"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Horace Jayne House\""}]},{"reference":"\"Adventists Plan Sale of Church\". Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. August 10, 1953. p. 30.","urls":[]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_G._Bosco
Anthony G. Bosco
["1 Biography","1.1 Early life","1.2 Auxiliary Bishop of Pittsburgh","1.3 Bishop of Greensburg","2 References"]
American prelate His Excellency, The Most ReverendAnthony G. BoscoBishop of Greensburgtitular bishop of LabicumStained-glass of Bishop Bosco in Saint Patrick Church in Canonsburg, PennsylvaniaSeeDiocese of GreensburgPredecessorWilliam G. ConnareSuccessorLawrence Eugene BrandtOther post(s)Auxiliary Bishop of Pittsburgh(1970–1987)OrdersOrdinationJune 7, 1952ConsecrationJune 30, 1970by John J. Wright, Vincent Leonard, and John B. McDowellPersonal detailsBorn(1927-08-01)August 1, 1927New Castle, Pennsylvania, USDiedJuly 2, 2013(2013-07-02) (aged 85)Greensburg, Pennsylvania, USEducationSt. Fidelis SeminarySt. Vincent Seminary Anthony Gerard Bosco (August 1, 1927 – July 2, 2013) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the third bishop of the Diocese of Greensburg in Pennsylvania from 1987 to 2004. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania from 1970 to 1987. Biography Early life Anthony Bosco was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on August 1, 1927. Raised on Pittsburgh's North Side, Bosco graduated from North Catholic High School in Pittsburgh. He then attended St. Fidelis Seminary in Butler Count, Pennsylvania, and St. Vincent Seminary in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Bosco was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Pittsburgh by Bishop John Francis Dearden on June 7, 1952.Bosco held a variety of positions in the Pittsburgh chancery and was named a monsignor in 1968. During part of that time, he was a chaplain and instructor at Mercy Hospital School of Nursing in Pittsburgh. Auxiliary Bishop of Pittsburgh Pope Paul VI appointed Bosco as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh and titular bishop of Labicum on May 4, 1970, by Pope Paul VI. He was consecrated by Cardinal John Joseph Wright on June 30, 1970, Bishop of Greensburg Bosco was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Greensburg on April 2, 1987, after Bishop Connare retired. Bosco was installed on June 30, 1987. Bosco’s West Highland white terriers, Joshua and Joshua II, were local celebrities within the Catholic community of Greensburg. Pope John Paul II accepted Bosco's retirement as bishop of Greensburg on January 2, 2004. Anthony Bosco died on July 2, 2013, at his residence in Greensburg. References ^ "Bosco Installed As Greensburg Bishop". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. July 1, 1987. Retrieved 2008-10-13. ^ a b c "Bishop Anthony Gerard Bosco ". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2022-11-23. ^ "Retired bishop will teach at Seton Hill". Connellsville Daily Courier. August 24, 2004. Archived from the original on September 17, 2004. Retrieved 2008-10-13. ^ "Christian Associates Names Five To Posts". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 7, 1970. Retrieved 2008-10-13. ^ "Bosco named bishop at Greensburg". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 15, 1987. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved 2008-10-13. Catholic Church titles Preceded byWilliam G. Connare Bishop of Greensburg 1987–2004 Succeeded byLawrence Eugene Brandt Preceded by– Auxiliary Bishop of Pittsburgh 1970–1987 Succeeded by– vteRoman Catholic Diocese of GreensburgOrdinaries Bishops Hugh L. Lamb William G. Connare Anthony G. Bosco Lawrence E. Brandt Edward C. Malesic Larry J. Kulick Auxiliary bishop Norbert F. Gaughan Churches Cathedral Blessed Sacrament Cathedral, Greensburg Parishes St. Peter's Church, Brownsville Church of the Immaculate Conception, Connellsville St. Patrick's Church, Cowansville Mount Saint Peter Church, New Kensington St. Mary (Nativity) Church, Uniontown St. Gertrude Church, Vandergrift Education High schools Geibel Catholic High School, Connellsville Greensburg Central Catholic High School, Greensburg Priests Giuseppe De Andrea Lawrence T. Persico Cyril John Vogel Catholicism portal vteRoman Catholic Diocese of PittsburghOrdinaries Bishops Michael O'Connor Michael Domenec John Tuigg Richard Phelan Regis Canevin Hugh Boyle John Dearden John Joseph Wright Vincent Leonard Anthony Bevilacqua Donald Wuerl David A. Zubik Auxiliary bishops Coleman F. Carroll Vincent Martin Leonard John Bernard McDowell Anthony G. Bosco William Winter Thomas Joseph Tobin David A. Zubik Paul J. Bradley William Waltersheid Mark Eckman Churches Cathedral Cathedral of St. Paul Churches List of churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh Epiphany Immaculate Heart of Mary Our Lady of the Angels St. Benedict the Moor St. Boniface St. Nicholas St. Stanislaus Kostka Former churches Holy Family St. Agnes St. Ann St. George St. John the Baptist St. Mary St. Michael St. Nicholas St. Philomena Ss. Peter and Paul Chapels and shrines St. Anthony's Chapel Education Higher education Duquesne Carlow La Roche Saint Paul Seminary High schools Aquinas Bishop Canevin Central Catholic Nazareth Prep North Catholic High School Oakland Catholic Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Serra Catholic Seton-La Salle St. Joseph Vincentian Elementary schools St. Anne School Priests Anthony Gerard Bosco Paul Joseph Bradley Edward James Burns Coleman Francis Carroll Howard Joseph Carroll William Graham Connare Nicholas Carmen Dattilo Daniel Cardinal DiNardo Norbert Felix Gaughan Jerome Daniel Hannan Ralph Leo Hayes Bernard Anthony Hebda Adam Joseph Cardinal Maida Tobias Mullen James O'Connor Thomas Joseph Tobin Donald Cardinal Wuerl Miscellany Calvary Catholic Cemetery The Pittsburgh Catholic St. Joseph's House of Hospitality See of Allegheny Catholicism portal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_O%27Brien
Glenn O'Brien
["1 Life and career","2 Awards and honors","3 Published works","4 References","5 External links"]
American writer (1947–2017) Glenn O'BrienO'Brien in 2015BornMarch 2, 1947Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.DiedApril 7, 2017 (aged 70)Manhattan, New York, U.S.OccupationWriterNationalityAmericanAlma materGeorgetown University and Columbia Graduate School of Arts and SciencesNotable awardsnamed one of Top 10 Most Stylish Men in America by GQ MagazineSpouseGina Nanni (until his death) Glenn O'Brien (March 2, 1947 – April 7, 2017) was an American writer who focused largely on the subjects of art, music, and fashion. He was featured for many years as "The Style Guy" in GQ magazine and published a book with that title. He worked as a writer and editor at a number of publications, including Rolling Stone, Playboy, Interview, High Times, Spin, and Details. He also published the arts and literature magazine Bald Ego from 2003 to 2005. Life and career O'Brien was born in Cleveland, Ohio, where he attended the Jesuit St. Ignatius High School. O'Brien went to Georgetown University and edited the Georgetown Journal, which was founded by Condé Nast. O'Brien later studied film at the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. In his early career, O'Brien was a member of Andy Warhol's Factory. He was the first editor of Interview. He had a music column, "Glenn O'Brien's Beat," in Interview for 12 years. After his departure, he continued to write for the magazine and returned as editor several times, with a nearly 20-year association with the title. He was a music critic for the publication in the punk era for which he penned the influential column "Glenn O'Brien's Beat". In the late 1970s, O'Brien had a band called Konelrad, which he described as a "socialist-realist rock band." From 1978 to 1982, O'Brien hosted a New York city Public-access television cable TV show called TV Party. During this period, O'Brien edited several iconic downtown novels, including Kathy Acker's Blood and Guts in High School and The Correct Sadist by Terence Sellers. In 1980, he wrote the screenplay (which he also co-produced with Patrick Montgomery) for a film to be called New York Beat, starring Jean-Michel Basquiat It was released in 2000 as Downtown 81, with post-production managed by O'Brien and Maripol. In June 1980, O'Brien's article "Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art" was published in High Times magazine. It was the first major survey of the burgeoning graffiti art scene, which featured Basquiat, Fab 5 Freddy and Lee Quiñones. After leaving TV Party, in addition to continuing his writing career, he attempted a stint as a stand-up comedian, and was a contributing editor of Allure, Harper's Bazaar, and Creative Director of advertising at Barneys New York. For 10 years, he wrote a monthly column for Artforum magazine. O'Brien edited Madonna's 1992 Sex book. He had been introduced to Madonna a decade prior through her relationship with Basquiat. He also worked with her on The Girlie Show World Tour book in 1993. In January 2008, he was named editorial director of Brant Publications, which includes Interview Magazine as well as Art in America and Antiques. In June 2009 it was announced that he had left his position with Brant Publications. He lent his collection of early Basquiat works to various exhibitions, including Deitch Projects, and is a co-author of a major volume on the artist. O'Brien died of complications from pneumonia in Manhattan on April 7, 2017, at the age of 70. Madonna called O'Brien "an amazing soul and a creative genius" in a statement on Twitter. At the time of his death, O'Brien was married to publicist Gina Nanni. He had previously been married to Barbara Egan. Awards and honors On February 17, 2009, O'Brien was named one of Top 10 Most Stylish Men in America by GQ. Published works New York Beat: Jean-Michael Basquiat Downtown 81. Tokyo: Petit Grand. December 1, 2001. ISBN 978-4-93910222-6.. Edo Bertoglio (photographer). Patrick Demarchelier (Photograph); Glenn O'Brien (October 20, 1995). Patrick Demarchelier: Photographs. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-821221693. The Style Guy. Ballantine Books. 2000. ISBN 9780345427274. ISBN 0345427270 Roxanne Lowit; Glenn O'Brien (January 28, 2005). People. Assouline. ISBN 978-2-843232862. Glenn O'Brien, ed. (September 25, 2005). Sante D'Orazio: Pam: American Icon. Jeff Koons and Richard Prince. Prestel Publishing. ISBN 9783829601870. Glenn O'Brien (November 30, 2010). Jean-Michel Basquiat. Jean-Louis Prat and Susanne Reichling. Hatje Cantz Verlag GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-775725934. How To Be a Man: A Guide To Style and Behavior For The Modern Gentleman. Rizzoli. 2011. ISBN 978-0847835478. Glenn O'Brien, ed. (2013). The Cool School: Writing From America's Hip Underground. Library of America. ISBN 978-1-598532562. Dash Snow (Artist) (July 31, 2013). Glenn O'Brien (ed.). Dash Snow: I Love You, Stupid. Mary Hansen. D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers. ISBN 9781938922145. Inez van Lamsweerde/Vinoodh Matadin. Pretty Much Everything. M/M (design). Taschen America, LLC. November 15, 2013. ISBN 9783836527934.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Glenn O'Brien, ed. (November 30, 2013). Eddie Martinez: Paintings. Ross Simonini; Monica Ramirez-Montagut. PictureBox. ISBN 9781939799067. Mark Grotjahn: Masks. Dakin Hart. Rizzoli. October 27, 2015. ISBN 9780847844074.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Open English Bible. Lulu.com. July 9, 2016. ISBN 9781326731960. Berluti: At Their Feet. Mathias Augustyniask (illustrator); Erwan Frotin (Photographer); M/M (Paris) (design). Rizzoli. 2016. ISBN 978-0847849178.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) HENNESSY, A toast to the world's preeminent spirit. Jean-Philippe Delhomme (illustrator). Rizzoli. February 14, 2017. ISBN 978-0-847847525.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Like Art: Glenn O'Brien on Advertising. Karma, New York. May 23, 2017. ISBN 9781942607489. Chris Martin. Dan Nadel; Nancy Princenthal; Trinie Dalton. Rizzoli. November 28, 2017. ISBN 9788857234748.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) References ^ a b Lawrence, Josh (November 14, 1996). "Glenn O'brien: Pop-Cultural Attache". The East Hampton Star. Archived from the original on December 30, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2023. ^ Kreps, Daniel, "Glenn O'Brien, Writer and Punk Renaissance Man, Dead at 70" Archived November 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Rolling Stone, April 7, 2017. ^ "Glennobrien.com". Archived from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2013. ^ a b c Williams, Alex (April 7, 2017). "Glenn O'Brien, Writer and Editor Who Gained Fame With Warhol, Dies at 70". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2017. ^ "Glenn O'Brien: The Book on Men and Style". IrishCentral.com. April 28, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2023. ^ "The Greatest Hits from the Legendary Closet of the Style Guy, Glenn O'Brien". GQ. April 8, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017. With link to Welch, Will, "Rest In Peace: One Last Riff with Glenn O’Brien, the King of New York Cool" Archived October 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, GQ, April 8, 2017. ^ a b "Glenn O'Brien (1947–2017)". Artforum. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2023. ^ Boch, Richard (2017). The Mudd Club. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House. pp. 246–247. ISBN 978-1-62731-051-2. OCLC 972429558. ^ "TV Party". Archived from the original on May 10, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2009. ^ Curley, Mallory, A Cookie Mueller Encyclopedia (Randy Press, 2010), p. 352. ^ Archived April 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, interview with Kathy Acker, p. 28. ^ Archived December 13, 2022, at the Wayback Machine Glenn O'Brien on Twitter ^ New York Beat Movie (1981), imdb.com. Archived May 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine ^ Lockwood, Lisa (April 8, 2017). "Glenn O'Brien, who once wrote GQ's Style Guy column, dies at 70". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017. ^ O'Brien, Glenn (June 1980). "Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art". High Times: 53–54. ^ a b c Strauss, Matthew (April 7, 2017). "Glenn O'Brien, Writer and "TV Party" Host, Dead at 70". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on April 8, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017. ^ "Interview with Glenn O'Brien – also starring Madonna, Basquiat, Viva and Warhol". Flux magazine. November 26, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2020. ^ Hoskyns, Barney (August 4, 2003). The Sound and the Fury: 40 Years of Classic Rock Journalism: A Rock's Backpages Reader. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-58234-282-5. ^ Anthony Haden-Guest Interviews Glenn O’Brien, the New Editor of Andy Warhol’s Legendary Interview Magazine. Saatchi Online. ^ "Jean-Michel Basquiat, 1981: The Studio of the Street" Archived November 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Deitch Projects, NY, May 2006. ^ Deitch J, Cortez D, and O’Brien, G. Jean-Michel Basquiat 1981: the Studio of the Street Archived March 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Milan: Charta, 2007. ^ "Writer, Warhol associate and TV Party host Glenn O'Brien dies aged 70". The Guardian. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017. ^ @Madonna (April 7, 2017). "Say Good-bye to an Amazing Soul and a Creative Genius! 💘 God Bless You Glenn O'Brien. 🙏🏻" (Tweet). Retrieved April 7, 2017 – via Twitter. ^ Rea, Naomi (January 31, 2022). "What I Buy and Why: Publicist Gina Nanni on Building a Storied Collection With the Late Glenn O'Brien and Her Volatile Tom Sachs Work". Artnet News. Archived from the original on December 30, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2023. ^ "The 10 Most Stylish Men in America". New York Daily News. February 17, 2009. Archived from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2009. ^ "Amazon.com: The Style Guy". Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017. ^ "Amazon.com: How To Be a Man". Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017. ^ "loa.org: "The Cool School"". Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2015. ^ amazon.com Berluti: At Their Feet Archived April 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine ^ amazon.com A toast to the world's preeminent spirit External links Official website for Glenn O'Brien Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Glenn O'Brien at IMDb Style Guy Blog List of article, interviews and reviews by Glenn O’Brien Archived April 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine O'Brien's final interview as Editor-In-Chief of Interview magazine in The Block Issue 18 Glenn O'Brien on How to Be a Man Archived April 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine on YouTube Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National France BnF data Germany Italy Israel United States Czech Republic Korea Netherlands Artists MusicBrainz Museum of Modern Art People Deutsche Biographie Other IdRef
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81","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_81"},{"link_name":"Maripol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maripol"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"High Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Times"},{"link_name":"graffiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti"},{"link_name":"Fab 5 Freddy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fab_Five_Freddy"},{"link_name":"Lee Quiñones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Qui%C3%B1ones"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Allure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allure_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Harper's Bazaar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar"},{"link_name":"Barneys New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barneys_New_York"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Death-16"},{"link_name":"Artforum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artforum"},{"link_name":"Madonna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna"},{"link_name":"Sex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_(book)"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Death-16"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"The Girlie Show World Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Girlie_Show_World_Tour"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Interview Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview_Magazine"},{"link_name":"Art in America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_in_America"},{"link_name":"Antiques","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiques_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Brant Publications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brant_Publications"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYTobit-4"},{"link_name":"Deitch Projects","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitch_Projects"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"pneumonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia"},{"link_name":"Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Death-16"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Twitter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYTobit-4"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-7"}],"text":"O'Brien was born in Cleveland, Ohio, where he attended the Jesuit St. Ignatius High School. O'Brien went to Georgetown University and edited the Georgetown Journal, which was founded by Condé Nast.[2] O'Brien later studied film at the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.[3]In his early career, O'Brien was a member of Andy Warhol's Factory. He was the first editor of Interview.[4] He had a music column, \"Glenn O'Brien's Beat,\" in Interview for 12 years.[5] After his departure, he continued to write for the magazine and returned as editor several times, with a nearly 20-year association with the title. He was a music critic for the publication in the punk era for which he penned the influential column \"Glenn O'Brien's Beat\".[6]In the late 1970s, O'Brien had a band called Konelrad, which he described as a \"socialist-realist rock band.\"[7]From 1978 to 1982, O'Brien hosted a New York city Public-access television cable TV show called TV Party.[8][9][10] During this period, O'Brien edited several iconic downtown novels, including Kathy Acker's Blood and Guts in High School[11] and The Correct Sadist by Terence Sellers.[12]In 1980, he wrote the screenplay (which he also co-produced with Patrick Montgomery) for a film to be called New York Beat, starring Jean-Michel Basquiat[13] It was released in 2000 as Downtown 81, with post-production managed by O'Brien and Maripol.[14]In June 1980, O'Brien's article \"Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art\" was published in High Times magazine. It was the first major survey of the burgeoning graffiti art scene, which featured Basquiat, Fab 5 Freddy and Lee Quiñones.[15]After leaving TV Party, in addition to continuing his writing career, he attempted a stint as a stand-up comedian, and was a contributing editor of Allure, Harper's Bazaar, and Creative Director of advertising at Barneys New York.[16] For 10 years, he wrote a monthly column for Artforum magazine. O'Brien edited Madonna's 1992 Sex book.[16] He had been introduced to Madonna a decade prior through her relationship with Basquiat.[1][17] He also worked with her on The Girlie Show World Tour book in 1993.[18]In January 2008, he was named editorial director of Brant Publications, which includes Interview Magazine as well as Art in America and Antiques.[19] In June 2009 it was announced that he had left his position with Brant Publications.[4]He lent his collection of early Basquiat works to various exhibitions, including Deitch Projects,[20] and is a co-author of a major volume on the artist.[21]O'Brien died of complications from pneumonia in Manhattan on April 7, 2017, at the age of 70.[16][22] Madonna called O'Brien \"an amazing soul and a creative genius\" in a statement on Twitter.[23]At the time of his death, O'Brien was married to publicist Gina Nanni.[24][4] He had previously been married to Barbara Egan.[7]","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"GQ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GQ"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"text":"On February 17, 2009, O'Brien was named one of Top 10 Most Stylish Men in America by GQ.[25]","title":"Awards and honors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-4-93910222-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-93910222-6"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-821221693","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-821221693"},{"link_name":"The Style Guy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/styleguyanwer00obri"},{"link_name":"Ballantine Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballantine_Books"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780345427274","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780345427274"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0345427270","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0345427270"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-2-843232862","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-843232862"},{"link_name":"Jeff Koons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Koons"},{"link_name":"Richard Prince","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Prince"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9783829601870","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783829601870"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-3-775725934","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-775725934"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0847835478","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847835478"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Library of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_America"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-598532562","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-598532562"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781938922145","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781938922145"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9783836527934","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783836527934"},{"link_name":"cite book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781939799067","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781939799067"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780847844074","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780847844074"},{"link_name":"cite book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781326731960","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781326731960"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0847849178","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847849178"},{"link_name":"cite book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-847847525","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-847847525"},{"link_name":"cite book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781942607489","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781942607489"},{"link_name":"Trinie Dalton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinie_Dalton"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9788857234748","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788857234748"},{"link_name":"cite book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others"}],"text":"New York Beat: Jean-Michael Basquiat Downtown 81. Tokyo: Petit Grand. December 1, 2001. ISBN 978-4-93910222-6.. Edo Bertoglio (photographer).\nPatrick Demarchelier (Photograph); Glenn O'Brien (October 20, 1995). Patrick Demarchelier: Photographs. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-821221693.\nThe Style Guy. Ballantine Books. 2000. ISBN 9780345427274. ISBN 0345427270[26]\nRoxanne Lowit; Glenn O'Brien (January 28, 2005). People. Assouline. ISBN 978-2-843232862.\nGlenn O'Brien, ed. (September 25, 2005). Sante D'Orazio: Pam: American Icon. Jeff Koons and Richard Prince. Prestel Publishing. ISBN 9783829601870.\nGlenn O'Brien (November 30, 2010). Jean-Michel Basquiat. Jean-Louis Prat and Susanne Reichling. Hatje Cantz Verlag GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-775725934.\nHow To Be a Man: A Guide To Style and Behavior For The Modern Gentleman. Rizzoli. 2011. ISBN 978-0847835478.[27]\nGlenn O'Brien, ed. (2013). The Cool School: Writing From America's Hip Underground. Library of America. ISBN 978-1-598532562.[28]\nDash Snow (Artist) (July 31, 2013). Glenn O'Brien (ed.). Dash Snow: I Love You, Stupid. Mary Hansen. D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers. ISBN 9781938922145.\nInez van Lamsweerde/Vinoodh Matadin. Pretty Much Everything. M/M (design). Taschen America, LLC. November 15, 2013. ISBN 9783836527934.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)\nGlenn O'Brien, ed. (November 30, 2013). Eddie Martinez: Paintings. Ross Simonini; Monica Ramirez-Montagut. PictureBox. ISBN 9781939799067.\nMark Grotjahn: Masks. Dakin Hart. Rizzoli. October 27, 2015. ISBN 9780847844074.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)\nOpen English Bible. Lulu.com. July 9, 2016. ISBN 9781326731960.\nBerluti: At Their Feet. Mathias Augustyniask (illustrator); Erwan Frotin (Photographer); M/M (Paris) (design). Rizzoli. 2016. ISBN 978-0847849178.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)[29]\nHENNESSY, A toast to the world's preeminent spirit. Jean-Philippe Delhomme (illustrator). Rizzoli. February 14, 2017. ISBN 978-0-847847525.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)[30]\nLike Art: Glenn O'Brien on Advertising. Karma, New York. May 23, 2017. ISBN 9781942607489.\nChris Martin. Dan Nadel; Nancy Princenthal; Trinie Dalton. Rizzoli. November 28, 2017. ISBN 9788857234748.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)","title":"Published works"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"New York Beat: Jean-Michael Basquiat Downtown 81. Tokyo: Petit Grand. December 1, 2001. ISBN 978-4-93910222-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-93910222-6","url_text":"978-4-93910222-6"}]},{"reference":"Patrick Demarchelier (Photograph); Glenn O'Brien (October 20, 1995). Patrick Demarchelier: Photographs. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-821221693.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-821221693","url_text":"978-0-821221693"}]},{"reference":"The Style Guy. Ballantine Books. 2000. ISBN 9780345427274.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/styleguyanwer00obri","url_text":"The Style Guy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballantine_Books","url_text":"Ballantine Books"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780345427274","url_text":"9780345427274"}]},{"reference":"Roxanne Lowit; Glenn O'Brien (January 28, 2005). People. Assouline. ISBN 978-2-843232862.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-843232862","url_text":"978-2-843232862"}]},{"reference":"Glenn O'Brien, ed. (September 25, 2005). Sante D'Orazio: Pam: American Icon. Jeff Koons and Richard Prince. Prestel Publishing. ISBN 9783829601870.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Koons","url_text":"Jeff Koons"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Prince","url_text":"Richard Prince"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783829601870","url_text":"9783829601870"}]},{"reference":"Glenn O'Brien (November 30, 2010). Jean-Michel Basquiat. Jean-Louis Prat and Susanne Reichling. Hatje Cantz Verlag GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-775725934.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-775725934","url_text":"978-3-775725934"}]},{"reference":"How To Be a Man: A Guide To Style and Behavior For The Modern Gentleman. Rizzoli. 2011. ISBN 978-0847835478.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847835478","url_text":"978-0847835478"}]},{"reference":"Glenn O'Brien, ed. (2013). The Cool School: Writing From America's Hip Underground. Library of America. ISBN 978-1-598532562.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_America","url_text":"Library of America"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-598532562","url_text":"978-1-598532562"}]},{"reference":"Dash Snow (Artist) (July 31, 2013). Glenn O'Brien (ed.). Dash Snow: I Love You, Stupid. Mary Hansen. D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers. ISBN 9781938922145.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781938922145","url_text":"9781938922145"}]},{"reference":"Inez van Lamsweerde/Vinoodh Matadin. Pretty Much Everything. M/M (design). Taschen America, LLC. November 15, 2013. ISBN 9783836527934.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783836527934","url_text":"9783836527934"}]},{"reference":"Glenn O'Brien, ed. (November 30, 2013). Eddie Martinez: Paintings. Ross Simonini; Monica Ramirez-Montagut. PictureBox. ISBN 9781939799067.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781939799067","url_text":"9781939799067"}]},{"reference":"Mark Grotjahn: Masks. Dakin Hart. Rizzoli. October 27, 2015. ISBN 9780847844074.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780847844074","url_text":"9780847844074"}]},{"reference":"Open English Bible. Lulu.com. July 9, 2016. ISBN 9781326731960.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781326731960","url_text":"9781326731960"}]},{"reference":"Berluti: At Their Feet. Mathias Augustyniask (illustrator); Erwan Frotin (Photographer); M/M (Paris) (design). Rizzoli. 2016. ISBN 978-0847849178.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847849178","url_text":"978-0847849178"}]},{"reference":"HENNESSY, A toast to the world's preeminent spirit. Jean-Philippe Delhomme (illustrator). Rizzoli. February 14, 2017. ISBN 978-0-847847525.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-847847525","url_text":"978-0-847847525"}]},{"reference":"Like Art: Glenn O'Brien on Advertising. Karma, New York. May 23, 2017. ISBN 9781942607489.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781942607489","url_text":"9781942607489"}]},{"reference":"Chris Martin. Dan Nadel; Nancy Princenthal; Trinie Dalton. Rizzoli. November 28, 2017. ISBN 9788857234748.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinie_Dalton","url_text":"Trinie Dalton"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788857234748","url_text":"9788857234748"}]},{"reference":"Lawrence, Josh (November 14, 1996). \"Glenn O'brien: Pop-Cultural Attache\". The East Hampton Star. Archived from the original on December 30, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.easthamptonstar.com/archive/glenn-obrien-pop-cultural-attache","url_text":"\"Glenn O'brien: Pop-Cultural Attache\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231230041904/https://www.easthamptonstar.com/archive/glenn-obrien-pop-cultural-attache","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Glennobrien.com\". Archived from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190215035430/https://glennobrien.com/site/#/bio","url_text":"\"Glennobrien.com\""},{"url":"http://glennobrien.com/site/#/bio","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Williams, Alex (April 7, 2017). \"Glenn O'Brien, Writer and Editor Who Gained Fame With Warhol, Dies at 70\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/nyregion/glenn-obrien-dies-warhol-editor.html","url_text":"\"Glenn O'Brien, Writer and Editor Who Gained Fame With Warhol, Dies at 70\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190526181214/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/nyregion/glenn-obrien-dies-warhol-editor.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Glenn O'Brien: The Book on Men and Style\". IrishCentral.com. April 28, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/glenn-obrien-the-book-on-men-and-style-120860239-237384671.html","url_text":"\"Glenn O'Brien: The Book on Men and Style\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Greatest Hits from the Legendary Closet of the Style Guy, Glenn O'Brien\". GQ. April 8, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gq.com/story/glenn-obrien-style-greatest-hits","url_text":"\"The Greatest Hits from the Legendary Closet of the Style Guy, Glenn O'Brien\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GQ","url_text":"GQ"}]},{"reference":"\"Glenn O'Brien (1947–2017)\". Artforum. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.artforum.com/news/glenn-o-brien-1947-2017-67657","url_text":"\"Glenn O'Brien (1947–2017)\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230226192426/https://www.artforum.com/news/glenn-o-brien-1947-2017-67657","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Boch, Richard (2017). The Mudd Club. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House. pp. 246–247. ISBN 978-1-62731-051-2. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Musayfirah
Battle of al-Musayfirah
["1 Background","2 Battle","3 Aftermath","4 References","5 Bibliography"]
Coordinates: 32°37′35″N 36°20′36″E / 32.62639°N 36.34333°E / 32.62639; 36.34333Battle in 1925 during the Great Syrian Revolt Battle of al-MusayfirahPart of The Great Syrian RevoltSultan el-Atrache during a rebel ceremony in Hauran on 14 August 1925.Date17 September 1925LocationAl-Musayfirah, Hauran, Mandatory SyriaResult French victoryBelligerents France Army of the Levant French Air Force Druze rebelsCommanders and leaders Gen. Maurice Gamelin Col. Charles Andréa Capt. Landriau Maj. Kratzert Sultan Pasha al-AtrashSheikh Salman HamzaStrength 600–800(Gamelin's troops numbered 8,000 but arrived after the battle) 2,500Casualties and losses 47 dead83 wounded 300–500 deaths500 wounded and captured (later executed)vteGreat Syrian Revolt Salkhad al-Kafr al-Mazraa al-Musayfirah al-Suwayda Deir Ez-Zor Hama Damascus Rashaya The Battle of al-Musayfirah (also spelled Battle of Messifre or Battle of Moussiefre) was one of the major military engagements between Druze rebels and the French Army on 17 September 1925, during the early stage of the Great Syrian Revolt, which continued on until 1927. After initial rebel victories against French forces at al-Kafr and then al-Mazraa, an advance guard of the French Army, then under the leadership of General Maurice Gamelin, was dispatched to the village of al-Musayfirah on 15 September. After clearing the village of its inhabitants, they set up fortifications in preparation for an assault on al-Suwayda. The battle commenced on 16 September when Druze rebels launched an early morning attack against French positions. Unable to significantly breach French lines, the rebels experienced heavy casualties after sunrise when they were consistently bombarded by French aircraft for three hours. The rebels subsequently withdrew, although a number were captured by French forces prior. Several of al-Musayfirah's residents were also killed before and during the battle. The French victory, the first significant one during the revolt, paved the way for their capture of al-Suwayda on 24 September, although they withdrew two months later due to inhospitable conditions. Background After the defeat of the Ottomans and their subsequent withdrawal from Syria, the country was occupied by France in 1918, and later established the French Mandate over the area. It set up several autonomous entities (Damascus State, Aleppo State, Greater Lebanon, Alawite State and Jabal Druze State). The latter comprised the predominantly Druze-inhabited Jabal al-Arab (also known as Jabal al-Druze) region in southeastern Syria, east of the Hauran. Although the Druze leadership at the time favored autonomous rule from Damascus, tensions developed when the inhabitants viewed the increasing involvement of the French authorities as overriding interference in their affairs and a way of undermining the Jabal's traditional leadership, particularly the al-Atrash family. From 1922, a number of incidents involving the two sides eventually led to the Druze leader Sultan Pasha al-Atrash declaring an uprising against the French in July 1925, which became known as the Great Syrian Revolt. The Druze won important battles at al-Kafr and al-Mazraa in mid and late July and the defeated French forces came under the new leadership of Maurice Gamelin who arrived in Damascus in mid-September to assemble his troops in preparation for a move against al-Musayfirah, located west of the Jabal, and from there al-Suwayda, the principal city of the Jabal. Al-Musayfirah's inhabitants had accepted the rule of the Mandate and conceded to the imposition of taxes by the French authorities, which to the latter, was enough to consider it a "submitted" village, as opposed to a rebellious one. However, during the uprising, the residents of al-Musayfirah hosted the rebels, gaining the ire of the government. The village was now seen as "treasonous" by the authorities and thus liable to the harshest punishment: execution of the majority of male residents and demolition of homes. In general, most villages along the front lines of the Hauran were in an awkward position, having to possibly face retribution from either the authorities for providing safe haven to the rebels or from the rebels themselves for not agreeing to host them. However, executions were rarely administered by the rebels as a punitive measure against uncooperative villages. Battle On 15 September al-Musayfirah was occupied by 600–800 French troops, initially coming from the Foreign Legion which was divided into the 5th Battalion of the 4th Foreign Infantry Regiment (4e REI) commanded by Major Kratzert and the 4th Squadron of the 1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment (REC) commanded by Captain Landriau. These troops formed an advance force dispatched by General Gamelin. Upon their arrival, al-Musayfirah's residents were either expelled or killed. The French forces promptly began to establish fortifications in the village, building stone walls, digging trenches and setting up barbed wire and machine gun turrets. A few days before, the rebel leaders had convened in 'Ara to the east and, apparently with prior knowledge of the French attempt to take over al-Musayfirah, planned to attack them there. An informant from the meeting had notified the French authorities, who were now expecting an attack by Druze forces. Seeking to attack French positions before the bulk of Gamelin's army from Damascus arrived to the village, the rebels made a charge against al-Musayfirah on 16 September. While they were able to consistently charge against French positions for around 10 hours, they were successfully repulsed by French machine gun fire each time. The rebels launched a second major assault in the early morning of 17 September, but once more, no significant number of rebels were able to breach French lines. However, a number of rebels managed to ambush French legionnaires in al-Musayfirah's narrow streets. This part of the battle was largely marked by hand-to-hand fighting, despite the bulk of the French forces being cavalry-based. After sunrise, French aircraft bombarded rebel forces 27 times within the span of three hours. A French rescue column, consisting of a battalion of the 16th (or the 18th) Tirailleurs under the commanded of Colonel Charles Andréa arrived in the evening hours. Aftermath By the end of the battle, several hundred Druze fighters were slain, although the sources vary about the actual figure with Michael Provence stating it was between 300 and 400, while Jean-Denis Lepage writing it was close to 500. Among the deceased rebels was the local chief of Rasas, Sheikh Salman Hamza as well as his four sons. On the French side, 47 soldiers were killed and 83 wounded, while all the French cavalry horses were lost, despite not being utilized. There were also about 500 wounded Druze who were captured after the battle as prisoners of war. They were ordered by Andréa to pile up the slain rebels and residents of al-Musayfirah in front of the village to serve as an example. The POWs were subsequently executed. The battle of al-Musayfirah marked the first French victory during the revolt. General Gamelin arrived at al-Musayfirah on 19 September via the rail station at Izra'. On 21 September Gamelin's 8,000 troops marched to al-Suwayda. After minimal resistance, the French captured the city but returned to al-Musayfirah after two months, due to the virtual desertion by al-Suwayda's inhabitants, the lack of water and the surrounding rebel-dominated mountainous countryside. Although many Druze leaders surrendered to French rule after the rebels' defeat at al-Musayfirah, these submissions did not hold once the French withdrew from al-Suwayda and the Jabal al-Arab region. The withdrawal was perceived by the rebels and their sympathizers throughout Syria as a victory over the French army. A monument was later erected in al-Musayfirah to honor the rebels' efforts during the battle. References ^ Betts, 2010, pp. 85–86. ^ Betts, 2010, p. 86. ^ Betts, 2010, p. 87. ^ Provence, 2005, p. 91. ^ Provence, 2005, p. 92. ^ a b c d e f g h i Provence, 2005, p. 93. ^ a b c d e f g h Lepage, 2008, p. 131. ^ Provence, 2005, p. 94. ^ Abu Nukta, Mutasim. Al-Musayfirah. E-Daraa. E-Syria. 2009-08-07. (in Arabic) Bibliography Betts, Robert Brenton (2010). The Druze. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300048100. Lepage, Jean-Denis G. G. (2008). French Foreign Legion: An Illustrated History. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786462537. Provence, Michael (2005). The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292706804. vteFrench Mandate of SyriaStates State of Syria State of Aleppo State of Damascus Al-Jazira Province Jabal Druze State Alawite State Sanjak of Alexandretta Greater Lebanon Conflicts 1919 revolt Franco-Syrian War Battle of Maysalun Capture of Damascus Hananu Revolt 1925–1927 revolt Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa Capture of Salkhad Battle of al-Kafr Battle of al-Mazraa Battle of al-Musayfirah 1925 Hama uprising 1936 general strike Syria–Lebanon campaign Levant Crisis Treaties Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916) Paulet–Newcombe Agreement (1920) Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence (1936) PeopleSyrian Yusuf al-Azma Saleh al-Ali Ibrahim Hananu Hashim al-Atassi Mustafa Bey Barmada Shukri al-Quwatli Khalid al-Azm Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah Jamil Mardam Bey Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi Sultan al-Atrash Saadallah al-Jabiri Haqqi al-Azm Ayyash Al-Haj Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar French French High Commissioner Charles de Gaulle Henri Gouraud 32°37′35″N 36°20′36″E / 32.62639°N 36.34333°E / 32.62639; 36.34333
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Great Syrian Revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg"},{"link_name":"Al-Musayfirah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Musayfirah"},{"link_name":"Hauran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauran"},{"link_name":"Mandatory Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Syria"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon"},{"link_name":"Army of the Levant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Levant"},{"link_name":"French Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Druze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Maurice Gamelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Gamelin"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Sultan Pasha al-Atrash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"link_name":"Great Syrian Revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"link_name":"Salkhad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Salkhad"},{"link_name":"al-Kafr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Kafr"},{"link_name":"al-Mazraa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Mazraa"},{"link_name":"al-Musayfirah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"al-Suwayda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_al-Suwayda&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Deir Ez-Zor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_epic_of_Ain_Albu_Gomaa"},{"link_name":"Hama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Hama_uprising"},{"link_name":"Damascus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Damascus_(1925)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rashaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rashaya"},{"link_name":"Druze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze"},{"link_name":"French Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Levant"},{"link_name":"Great Syrian Revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"link_name":"al-Kafr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Kafr"},{"link_name":"al-Mazraa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Mazraa"},{"link_name":"Maurice Gamelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Gamelin"},{"link_name":"al-Musayfirah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Musayfirah"},{"link_name":"al-Suwayda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Suwayda"}],"text":"Battle in 1925 during the Great Syrian RevoltBattle of al-MusayfirahPart of The Great Syrian RevoltSultan el-Atrache during a rebel ceremony in Hauran on 14 August 1925.Date17 September 1925LocationAl-Musayfirah, Hauran, Mandatory SyriaResult\nFrench victoryBelligerents\n France\n\nArmy of the Levant\nFrench Air Force\nDruze rebelsCommanders and leaders\n Gen. Maurice Gamelin Col. Charles Andréa Capt. Landriau Maj. Kratzert\nSultan Pasha al-AtrashSheikh Salman HamzaStrength\n600–800(Gamelin's troops numbered 8,000 but arrived after the battle)\n2,500Casualties and losses\n47 dead83 wounded\n300–500 deaths500 wounded and captured (later executed)vteGreat Syrian Revolt\nSalkhad\nal-Kafr\nal-Mazraa\nal-Musayfirah\nal-Suwayda\nDeir Ez-Zor\nHama\nDamascus\nRashayaThe Battle of al-Musayfirah (also spelled Battle of Messifre or Battle of Moussiefre) was one of the major military engagements between Druze rebels and the French Army on 17 September 1925, during the early stage of the Great Syrian Revolt, which continued on until 1927. After initial rebel victories against French forces at al-Kafr and then al-Mazraa, an advance guard of the French Army, then under the leadership of General Maurice Gamelin, was dispatched to the village of al-Musayfirah on 15 September. After clearing the village of its inhabitants, they set up fortifications in preparation for an assault on al-Suwayda.The battle commenced on 16 September when Druze rebels launched an early morning attack against French positions. Unable to significantly breach French lines, the rebels experienced heavy casualties after sunrise when they were consistently bombarded by French aircraft for three hours. The rebels subsequently withdrew, although a number were captured by French forces prior. Several of al-Musayfirah's residents were also killed before and during the battle. The French victory, the first significant one during the revolt, paved the way for their capture of al-Suwayda on 24 September, although they withdrew two months later due to inhospitable conditions.","title":"Battle of al-Musayfirah"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"French Mandate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Mandate_of_Syria"},{"link_name":"Damascus State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Damascus"},{"link_name":"Aleppo State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Aleppo"},{"link_name":"Greater Lebanon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Lebanon"},{"link_name":"Alawite State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alawite_State"},{"link_name":"Jabal Druze State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_Druze_State"},{"link_name":"Hauran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauran"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"al-Atrash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Atrash"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Sultan Pasha al-Atrash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash"},{"link_name":"Great Syrian Revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"link_name":"al-Kafr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kafr"},{"link_name":"al-Mazraa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Mazraa"},{"link_name":"Maurice Gamelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Gamelin"},{"link_name":"al-Suwayda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Suwayda"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"After the defeat of the Ottomans and their subsequent withdrawal from Syria, the country was occupied by France in 1918, and later established the French Mandate over the area. It set up several autonomous entities (Damascus State, Aleppo State, Greater Lebanon, Alawite State and Jabal Druze State). The latter comprised the predominantly Druze-inhabited Jabal al-Arab (also known as Jabal al-Druze) region in southeastern Syria, east of the Hauran.[1]Although the Druze leadership at the time favored autonomous rule from Damascus, tensions developed when the inhabitants viewed the increasing involvement of the French authorities as overriding interference in their affairs and a way of undermining the Jabal's traditional leadership, particularly the al-Atrash family.[2] From 1922,[3] a number of incidents involving the two sides eventually led to the Druze leader Sultan Pasha al-Atrash declaring an uprising against the French in July 1925, which became known as the Great Syrian Revolt. The Druze won important battles at al-Kafr and al-Mazraa in mid and late July and the defeated French forces came under the new leadership of Maurice Gamelin who arrived in Damascus in mid-September to assemble his troops in preparation for a move against al-Musayfirah, located west of the Jabal, and from there al-Suwayda, the principal city of the Jabal.[4]Al-Musayfirah's inhabitants had accepted the rule of the Mandate and conceded to the imposition of taxes by the French authorities, which to the latter, was enough to consider it a \"submitted\" village, as opposed to a rebellious one. However, during the uprising, the residents of al-Musayfirah hosted the rebels, gaining the ire of the government. The village was now seen as \"treasonous\" by the authorities and thus liable to the harshest punishment: execution of the majority of male residents and demolition of homes. In general, most villages along the front lines of the Hauran were in an awkward position, having to possibly face retribution from either the authorities for providing safe haven to the rebels or from the rebels themselves for not agreeing to host them. However, executions were rarely administered by the rebels as a punitive measure against uncooperative villages.[5]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"Foreign Legion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion"},{"link_name":"'Ara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira,_Syria"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"Charles Andréa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Andr%C3%A9a&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"}],"text":"On 15 September al-Musayfirah was occupied by 600–800 French troops,[6] initially coming from the Foreign Legion which was divided into the 5th Battalion of the 4th Foreign Infantry Regiment (4e REI) commanded by Major Kratzert and the 4th Squadron of the 1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment (REC) commanded by Captain Landriau. These troops formed an advance force dispatched by General Gamelin. Upon their arrival, al-Musayfirah's residents were either expelled or killed. The French forces promptly began to establish fortifications in the village, building stone walls, digging trenches and setting up barbed wire and machine gun turrets. A few days before, the rebel leaders had convened in 'Ara to the east and, apparently with prior knowledge of the French attempt to take over al-Musayfirah, planned to attack them there. An informant from the meeting had notified the French authorities, who were now expecting an attack by Druze forces.[6]Seeking to attack French positions before the bulk of Gamelin's army from Damascus arrived to the village,[6] the rebels made a charge against al-Musayfirah on 16 September.[7] While they were able to consistently charge against French positions for around 10 hours, they were successfully repulsed by French machine gun fire each time.[7][6] The rebels launched a second major assault in the early morning of 17 September, but once more, no significant number of rebels were able to breach French lines.[7][6] However, a number of rebels managed to ambush French legionnaires in al-Musayfirah's narrow streets. This part of the battle was largely marked by hand-to-hand fighting, despite the bulk of the French forces being cavalry-based.[7] After sunrise, French aircraft bombarded rebel forces 27 times within the span of three hours.[6] A French rescue column, consisting of a battalion of the 16th (or the 18th) Tirailleurs under the commanded of Colonel Charles Andréa arrived in the evening hours.[7]","title":"Battle"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"},{"link_name":"Rasas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasas"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"prisoners of war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Provence93-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lepage131-7"},{"link_name":"Izra'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izra%27"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESYRIA-9"}],"text":"By the end of the battle, several hundred Druze fighters were slain, although the sources vary about the actual figure with Michael Provence stating it was between 300 and 400,[6] while Jean-Denis Lepage writing it was close to 500.[7] Among the deceased rebels was the local chief of Rasas, Sheikh Salman Hamza as well as his four sons.[6] On the French side, 47 soldiers were killed and 83 wounded, while all the French cavalry horses were lost, despite not being utilized. There were also about 500 wounded Druze who were captured after the battle as prisoners of war.[7] They were ordered by Andréa to pile up the slain rebels and residents of al-Musayfirah in front of the village to serve as an example. The POWs were subsequently executed.[6] The battle of al-Musayfirah marked the first French victory during the revolt.[7]General Gamelin arrived at al-Musayfirah on 19 September via the rail station at Izra'. On 21 September Gamelin's 8,000 troops marched to al-Suwayda. After minimal resistance, the French captured the city but returned to al-Musayfirah after two months, due to the virtual desertion by al-Suwayda's inhabitants, the lack of water and the surrounding rebel-dominated mountainous countryside. Although many Druze leaders surrendered to French rule after the rebels' defeat at al-Musayfirah, these submissions did not hold once the French withdrew from al-Suwayda and the Jabal al-Arab region. The withdrawal was perceived by the rebels and their sympathizers throughout Syria as a victory over the French army.[8]A monument was later erected in al-Musayfirah to honor the rebels' efforts during the battle.[9]","title":"Aftermath"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Druze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Z9nnPg1EDOEC"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0300048100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300048100"},{"link_name":"French Foreign Legion: An Illustrated History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=qqeOMjr9kqYC&q=Kafer+Druze+victory+French"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0786462537","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786462537"},{"link_name":"The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Ej8ZMk1822sC&q=al-mazraa&pg=PA91"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780292706804","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780292706804"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:French_Mandate_of_Syria"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:French_Mandate_of_Syria"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Mandate_of_Syria"},{"link_name":"French Mandate of Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon"},{"link_name":"State of Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)"},{"link_name":"State of Aleppo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Aleppo"},{"link_name":"State of Damascus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Damascus"},{"link_name":"Al-Jazira Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jazira_Province"},{"link_name":"Jabal Druze State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_Druze_State"},{"link_name":"Alawite State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alawite_State"},{"link_name":"Sanjak of Alexandretta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjak_of_Alexandretta"},{"link_name":"Greater Lebanon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Lebanon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon"},{"link_name":"1919 revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alawite_revolt_of_1919"},{"link_name":"Franco-Syrian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War"},{"link_name":"Battle of Maysalun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Maysalun"},{"link_name":"Capture of Damascus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus_(1920)"},{"link_name":"Hananu Revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hananu_Revolt"},{"link_name":"1925–1927 revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt"},{"link_name":"Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Ain_Albu_Gomaa"},{"link_name":"Capture of Salkhad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Salkhad"},{"link_name":"Battle of al-Kafr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Kafr"},{"link_name":"Battle of al-Mazraa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Mazraa"},{"link_name":"Battle of al-Musayfirah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"1925 Hama uprising","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Hama_uprising"},{"link_name":"1936 general strike","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Syrian_general_strike"},{"link_name":"Syria–Lebanon campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign"},{"link_name":"Levant Crisis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant_Crisis"},{"link_name":"Sykes–Picot Agreement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement"},{"link_name":"Paulet–Newcombe Agreement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulet%E2%80%93Newcombe_Agreement"},{"link_name":"Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Syrian_Treaty_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Yusuf al-Azma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_al-Azma"},{"link_name":"Saleh al-Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_al-Ali"},{"link_name":"Ibrahim Hananu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu"},{"link_name":"Hashim al-Atassi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashim_al-Atassi"},{"link_name":"Mustafa Bey Barmada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Bey_Barmada"},{"link_name":"Shukri al-Quwatli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwatli"},{"link_name":"Khalid al-Azm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_al-Azm"},{"link_name":"Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%27i_Pasha_al-Mallah"},{"link_name":"Jamil Mardam Bey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamil_Mardam_Bey"},{"link_name":"Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_Pasha_al-Qudsi"},{"link_name":"Sultan al-Atrash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash"},{"link_name":"Saadallah al-Jabiri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadallah_al-Jabiri"},{"link_name":"Haqqi al-Azm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haqqi_al-Azm"},{"link_name":"Ayyash Al-Haj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyash_Al-Haj"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Shahbandar"},{"link_name":"French High Commissioner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Commissioner_of_the_Levant"},{"link_name":"Charles de Gaulle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle"},{"link_name":"Henri Gouraud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(general)"},{"link_name":"32°37′35″N 36°20′36″E / 32.62639°N 36.34333°E / 32.62639; 36.34333","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_al-Musayfirah&params=32_37_35_N_36_20_36_E_"}],"text":"Betts, Robert Brenton (2010). The Druze. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300048100.\nLepage, Jean-Denis G. G. (2008). French Foreign Legion: An Illustrated History. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786462537.\nProvence, Michael (2005). The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292706804.vteFrench Mandate of SyriaStates\nState of Syria\nState of Aleppo\nState of Damascus\nAl-Jazira Province\nJabal Druze State\nAlawite State\nSanjak of Alexandretta\nGreater Lebanon\nConflicts\n1919 revolt\nFranco-Syrian War\nBattle of Maysalun\nCapture of Damascus\nHananu Revolt\n1925–1927 revolt\nEpic of Ain Albu Gomaa\nCapture of Salkhad\nBattle of al-Kafr\nBattle of al-Mazraa\nBattle of al-Musayfirah\n1925 Hama uprising\n1936 general strike\nSyria–Lebanon campaign\nLevant Crisis\nTreaties\nSykes–Picot Agreement (1916)\nPaulet–Newcombe Agreement (1920)\nFranco-Syrian Treaty of Independence (1936)\nPeopleSyrian\nYusuf al-Azma\nSaleh al-Ali\nIbrahim Hananu\nHashim al-Atassi\nMustafa Bey Barmada\nShukri al-Quwatli\nKhalid al-Azm\nMar'i Pasha al-Mallah\nJamil Mardam Bey\nKamil Pasha al-Qudsi\nSultan al-Atrash\nSaadallah al-Jabiri\nHaqqi al-Azm\nAyyash Al-Haj\nAbd al-Rahman Shahbandar\nFrench\nFrench High Commissioner\nCharles de Gaulle\nHenri Gouraud32°37′35″N 36°20′36″E / 32.62639°N 36.34333°E / 32.62639; 36.34333","title":"Bibliography"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Betts, Robert Brenton (2010). The Druze. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300048100.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9nnPg1EDOEC","url_text":"The Druze"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300048100","url_text":"978-0300048100"}]},{"reference":"Lepage, Jean-Denis G. G. (2008). French Foreign Legion: An Illustrated History. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786462537.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=qqeOMjr9kqYC&q=Kafer+Druze+victory+French","url_text":"French Foreign Legion: An Illustrated History"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786462537","url_text":"978-0786462537"}]},{"reference":"Provence, Michael (2005). The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292706804.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej8ZMk1822sC&q=al-mazraa&pg=PA91","url_text":"The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780292706804","url_text":"9780292706804"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bust_of_Cardinal_Richilieu_(Bernini)
Bust of Cardinal Richelieu
["1 Gallery","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
Sculpture by Gian Lorenzo Bernini Bust of Cardinal RichilieuArtistGian Lorenzo BerniniYear1640–41 (1640–41)Catalogue42TypeSculptureMediumMarbleSubjectCardinal RichelieuLocationThe Louvre, ParisPreceded byMedusa (Bernini)Followed byMemorial to Alessandro Valtrini The Bust of Cardinal Richelieu is a marble sculpture by the Italian sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini, situated at the Louvre in Paris. Richelieu had hoped to commission Bernini to make a full-length sculpture, through his friend Jules Mazarin and the French ambassador in Rome François Annibal d'Estrées, but Pope Urban VIII would not permit it, so the sculpture became a bust, sculpted by Bernini between November 1640 and January 1641. He worked from images of Cardinal Richelieu that had been sent to Rome from France. Once completed, the bust was transported to Paris. The bust arrived in Paris in August 1640, but Richelieu was not happy with the work, quickly commissioning another bust by Jean Warin. Gallery See also List of works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini References ^ Entry at Louvre website ^ Rudolf Wittkower, Bernini, the Sculptor of the Roman Baroque, 1997 (4th ed.), p. 260. External links Media related to Portrait of the cardinal Richelieu at Wikimedia Commons vteGian Lorenzo BerniniList of worksSculpture1610s The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun Bust of Giovanni Battista Santoni A Faun Teased by Children Boy with a Dragon The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence Saint Sebastian Bust of Pope Paul V Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius Bust of Giovanni Vigevano Damned Soul Blessed Soul Bust of Camilla Barbadoni 1620s Bust of Carlo Antonio del Pozzo Neptune and Triton The Rape of Proserpina Apollo and Daphne Bust of Pope Gregory XV St. Peter's Baldachin Charity with Four Children David Bust of Alessandro Peretti di Montalto Saint Bibiana Busts of Pope Urban VIII Bust of Monsignor Pedro de Foix Montoya Bust of Cardinal Roberto Bellarmine Bust of Cardinal Giovanni Dolfin Bust of Cardinal Escoubleau de Sourdis Bust of Antonio Cepparelli Bust of Cardinal Melchior Klesl Two Angels in Sant'Agostino Bust of Francesco Barberini Bust of Antonio Barberini Busts of Cardinals Agostino and Pietro Valier Memorial to Carlo Barberini Tomb of Pope Urban VIII Saint Longinus Sleeping Hermaphroditus (mattress) 1630s Statue of Carlo Barberini Two Busts of Cardinal Scipione Borghese Tomb of Countess Matilda of Tuscany Pasce Oves Meas Bust of Costanza Bonarelli Busts of Paolo Giordano and Isabella Orsini Statue of Pope Urban VIII Bust of King Charles I Bust of Thomas Baker Medusa 1640s Bust of Cardinal Richilieu Memorial to Alessandro Valtrini Memorial to Ippolito Merenda Memorial to Maria Raggi Confessio of Santa Francesca Romana Raimondi Chapel Truth Unveiled by Time Bust of Pope Leo X Ecstasy of Saint Teresa Noli Me Tangere 1650s Busts of Pope Innocent X Bust of Francesco I d'Este Corpus The Vision of Constantine Daniel and the Lion Habakkuk and the Angel Chair of Saint Peter Saints Jerome and Mary Magdalen 1660s Statue of Alexander VII Busts of Alexander VII Statue of King Philip IV of Spain Elephant and Obelisk Angel with the Crown of Thorns Angel with the Superscription Bust of Gabriele Fonseca Bust of Louis XIV Equestrian Statue of King Louis XIV 1670s Blessed Ludovica Albertoni Tomb of Pope Alexander VII Statue of Pope Clement X Bust of the Saviour Architectureand fountains St. Peter's Square Sant'Andrea al Quirinale Lateran Baptistery Palazzo Barberini Palazzo di Propaganda Fide Santa Bibiana Fountains of St. Peter's Square Fontana della Barcaccia Fontana del Tritone Fontana delle Api Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi Fontana del Moro Paintings Self-Portrait as a Young Man Portrait of Pope Urban VIII Saint Andrew and Saint Thomas Self-Portrait as a Mature Man Portrait of a Boy Christ Mocked Related Domenico Bernini (son) Pietro Bernini (father) Luigi Bernini (brother)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gian Lorenzo Bernini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini"},{"link_name":"the Louvre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Louvre"},{"link_name":"Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris"},{"link_name":"Jules Mazarin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Mazarin"},{"link_name":"François Annibal d'Estrées","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Annibal_d%27Estr%C3%A9es"},{"link_name":"Pope Urban VIII","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII"},{"link_name":"Cardinal Richelieu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Jean Warin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Warin"}],"text":"The Bust of Cardinal Richelieu is a marble sculpture by the Italian sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini, situated at the Louvre in Paris.Richelieu had hoped to commission Bernini to make a full-length sculpture, through his friend Jules Mazarin and the French ambassador in Rome François Annibal d'Estrées, but Pope Urban VIII would not permit it, so the sculpture became a bust, sculpted by Bernini between November 1640 and January 1641. He worked from images of Cardinal Richelieu that had been sent to Rome from France.Once completed, the bust was transported to Paris.[1][2]The bust arrived in Paris in August 1640, but Richelieu was not happy with the work, quickly commissioning another bust by Jean Warin.","title":"Bust of Cardinal Richelieu"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Richelieu_le_Bernin_M.R.2165_mp3h9006.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Richelieu_le_Bernin_M.R.2165_mp3h9004.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Richelieu_le_Bernin_M.R.2165_mp3h9003.jpg"}],"title":"Gallery"}]
[]
[{"title":"List of works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini"}]
[]
[{"Link":"http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673237366&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673237366&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500824&baseIndex=73&bmLocale=en","external_links_name":"Entry at Louvre website"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Grid_Engine
Oracle Grid Engine
["1 History","2 Cluster architecture","3 Support and training","4 Other Grid Engine based products","5 See also","6 References"]
Batch-queuing system for computer clusters "Grid Engine" redirects here. For the latter proprietary version, see Univa Grid Engine. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2013) The article's lead section may need to be rewritten. Please help improve the lead and read the lead layout guide. (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Oracle Grid EngineDeveloper(s)Oracle Corporation (formerly Sun Microsystems) in association with the communityStable release6.2u8; see the information on forks in the first section for sources for recent versions of the technology / October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01) Operating systemCross-platformTypeGrid computingLicenseSISSLWebsitewww.oracle.com/technetwork/oem/grid-engine-166852.html Oracle Grid Engine, previously known as Sun Grid Engine (SGE), CODINE (Computing in Distributed Networked Environments) or GRD (Global Resource Director), was a grid computing computer cluster software system (otherwise known as a batch-queuing system), acquired as part of a purchase of Gridware, then improved and supported by Sun Microsystems and later Oracle. There have been open source versions and multiple commercial versions of this technology, initially from Sun, later from Oracle and then from Univa Corporation. On October 22, 2013 Univa announced it acquired the intellectual property and trademarks for the Grid Engine technology and that Univa will take over support. Univa has since evolved the Grid Engine technology, e.g. improving scalability as demonstrated by a 1 million core cluster in Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced on June 24, 2018. The original Grid Engine open-source project website closed in 2010, but versions of the technology are still available under its original Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL). Those projects were forked from the original project code and are known as Son of Grid Engine, Open Grid Scheduler and Univa Grid Engine. Grid Engine is typically used on a computer farm or high-performance computing (HPC) cluster and is responsible for accepting, scheduling, dispatching, and managing the remote and distributed execution of large numbers of standalone, parallel or interactive user jobs. It also manages and schedules the allocation of distributed resources such as processors, memory, disk space, and software licenses. Grid Engine used to be the foundation of the Sun Grid utility computing system, made available over the Internet in the United States in 2006, later becoming available in many other countries and having been an early version of a public cloud computing facility predating AWS, for instance. History In 2000, Sun acquired Gridware a privately owned commercial vendor of advanced computing resource management software with offices in San Jose, Calif., and Regensburg, Germany. Later that year, Sun offered a free version of Gridware for Solaris and Linux, and renamed the product Sun Grid Engine. In 2001, Sun made the source code available, and adopted the open source development model. Ports for Mac OS X and *BSD were contributed by the non-Sun open source developers. In 2010, after the purchase of Sun by Oracle, the Grid Engine 6.2 update 6 source code was not included with the binaries, and changes were not put back to the project's source repository. In response to this, the Grid Engine community started the Open Grid Scheduler project to continue to develop and maintain a free implementation of Grid Engine. On January 18, 2011, it was announced that Univa had recruited several principal engineers from the former Sun Grid Engine team and that Univa would be developing their own forked version of Grid Engine. The newly announced Univa Grid Engine did include commercial support and would compete with the official version of Oracle Grid Engine. On October 22, 2013 Univa has announced that it had acquired the intellectual property and trademarks pertaining to the Grid Engine technology and that Univa will take over support for Oracle Grid Engine customers. In September 2020, Altair Engineering, a global technology company providing solutions in data analytics, product development, and high-performance computing (HPC) acquired Univa. Cluster architecture A screenshot of the xml-qstat web interface in 2007 A typical Grid Engine cluster consists of a master host and one or more execution hosts. Multiple shadow masters can also be configured as hot spares, which take over the role of the master when the original master host crashes. Support and training Univa is providing commercial support and training for Univa Grid Engine and Oracle Grid Engine. Below is a description of some of the historic options. Sun provided support contracts for the commercial version of Grid Engine on most UNIX platforms and Windows. Professional services, consulting, training, and support were provided by Sun Partners. Sun partners with Georgetown University to deliver Grid Engine administration classes. The Bioteam runs short SGE training workshops that are 1 or 2 days long. Users obtained community support on the Grid Engine mailing lists. Grid Engine Workshops were held in 2002, 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2012 in Regensburg, Germany. Other Grid Engine based products The below contains historic information and some of the products and solutions are no longer available: Sun Constellation System Sun Visualization System Sun Compute Cluster ClusterVisionOS Distribution Rocks Cluster Distribution Univa's UniCluster Express Univa Grid Engine Some Grid Engine – active free fork of Sge with "some" further modifications, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan (2021). Son of Grid Engine – inactive free fork of Sge with some enhancements, University of Liverpool, default Uubuntu/CentOS/RHEL gridengine package (2021). BioTeam's iNquiry Nimbus – uses Grid Engine as a virtual machine scheduler in a cloud computing environment See also Free and open-source software portal Sun Ops Center - Sun's datacenter automation tool Open Grid Forum References ^ "Oracle Grid Engine". Oracle Corporation. 2010-05-30. ^ "A Little History Lesson". Sun Microsystems. 2006-06-23. ^ "Sun snaps up software company Gridware - CNET". ^ "Univa Completes Acquisition of Grid Engine Assets, Becoming the Sole Commercial Provider of Grid Engine Software". Univa Corporation. 2013-10-22. ^ "Univa Demonstrates Extreme Scale Automation by Deploying More Than One Million Cores in a Single Univa Grid Engine Cluster using AWS". Univa. 2018-06-24. Retrieved June 24, 2018. ^ "The Grid Engine Source License". Sun MicroSystems. 2010-06-04. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2013-10-23. ^ a b "Son of Grid Engine". University of Liverpool. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. ^ "Open Grid Scheduler". The Open Grid Scheduler Community. ^ "Univa Grid Engine". Univa. ^ "World's First Utility Grid Comes Alive on the Internet". Sun Microsystems. 2006-03-22. ^ "Gridware's resource management software increases efficiency and productivity in compute-intensive technical computing environments". Sun Microsystems. 2000-07-24. ^ "Sun Microsystems makes SUN GRID ENGINE software available to open source community". Sun Microsystems. 2001-07-23. ^ "Porting HPC Tools to FreeBSD". 2010-05-14. ^ Eadline, Douglas. "Grid Engine: Running on All Four Cylinders » ADMIN Magazine". ADMIN Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-05. ^ Open Grid Scheduler ^ Eadline, Ph.D., Douglas (September 1, 2010). "The State of Oracle/Sun Grid Engine". Linux Magazine. Archived from the original on September 4, 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) ^ Templeton, Daniel (2010-12-23). "Changes for a Bright Future at Oracle". Retrieved 2011-01-19. ^ "Univa Acquires Grid Engine Expertise" (Press release). Univa. 2011-01-18. Archived from the original on 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2011-01-18. ^ Feldman, Michael (2011-01-18). "Univa Rescues Grid Engine From Oracle". HPCwire. Archived from the original on 2011-01-24. Retrieved 2011-01-18. ^ Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2011-01-18). "Univa forks Oracle's Sun Grid Engine". The Register. Retrieved 2011-01-18. ^ "Univa Completes Acquisition of Grid Engine Assets, Becoming the Sole Commercial Provider of Grid Engine Software". Univa Corporation. 2013-10-22. ^ "Altair Acquires Univa". September 14, 2020. ^ "How to Install the Shadow Master Host". Sun Grid Engine 6.2u3 blog. August 27, 2009. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011. ^ "Sun Store Grid Engine Entitlement Purchase". Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original on 2006-11-13. Retrieved 2008-03-03. ^ "Sun Grid Engine 6 Partners". Sun Microsystems. Retrieved 2007-12-14. ^ "Advanced Sun Grid Engine Configuration and Administration Class". Sun Microsystems. Retrieved 2007-12-14. ^ "Training". The Bioteam Inc. Retrieved 2008-03-24. ^ "Grid Engine Mail Lists". Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2011. ^ "Grid Engine Workshops". Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original on March 8, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2011. ^ "Sun Compute Cluster Solution". Sun Microsystems. ^ "Some Grid Engine". Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan. vteSun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle)Hardware Sun-1 Sun-2 Sun-3 Sun386i Sun-4 SPARCstation 1 2 10 20 5 Netra Ultra Enterprise Sun Blade Sun Fire SPARC Enterprise SPARC JavaStation Sun Ray Sun Modular Datacenter Software SunOS Solaris NIS NIS+ NFS ZFS SunView NeWS OpenWindows Java Desktop System Studio Java StarOffice iPlanet Sun Java System Sun Secure Global Desktop MySQL Sun xVM GlassFish VirtualBox Storage StorageTek Sun Open Storage QFS ZFS Performance Sun Cloud Sun Constellation System Sun Visualization System Sun Grid Engine Lustre Research Sun Microsystems Laboratories picoJava Fortress Project Looking Glass Education SCPs BlueJ Community Common Development and Distribution License Java Community Process NetBeans OpenOffice.org OpenSolaris OpenSPARC OpenJDK Open Source University Meetup People Bill Joy Andy Bechtolsheim Scott McNealy Vinod Khosla Slogans The Network is the Computer Write once, run anywhere Category vteOracle free and open-source software (FOSS)SoftwareApplications OpenOffice.org VirtualBox Programming languages Java Databases Berkeley DB InnoDB MySQL Oracle NoSQL Database Frameworks anddevelopment tools DTrace GlassFish HotSpot Image Packaging System Java (software platform) Maxine Virtual Machine Memory Nashorn NetBeans OpenJDK VisualVM Operating systems OpenSolaris Oracle Linux Other Java Desktop System OCFS2 Oracle Grid Engine Oracle VM Server for x86 Related Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.
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For the latter proprietary version, see Univa Grid Engine.Oracle Grid Engine,[1] previously known as Sun Grid Engine (SGE), CODINE (Computing in Distributed Networked Environments) or GRD (Global Resource Director),[2] was a grid computing computer cluster software system (otherwise known as a batch-queuing system), acquired as part of a purchase of Gridware,[3] then improved and supported by Sun Microsystems and later Oracle. There have been open source versions and multiple commercial versions of this technology, initially from Sun, later from Oracle and then from Univa Corporation.On October 22, 2013 Univa announced it acquired the intellectual property and trademarks for the Grid Engine technology and that Univa will take over support.[4] Univa has since evolved the Grid Engine technology, e.g. improving scalability as demonstrated by a 1 million core cluster in Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced on June 24, 2018.[5]The original Grid Engine open-source project website closed in 2010, but versions of the technology are still available under its original Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL).[6] Those projects were forked from the original project code and are known as Son of Grid Engine,[7] Open Grid Scheduler[8] and Univa Grid Engine.[9]Grid Engine is typically used on a computer farm or high-performance computing (HPC) cluster and is responsible for accepting, scheduling, dispatching, and managing the remote and distributed execution of large numbers of standalone, parallel or interactive user jobs. It also manages and schedules the allocation of distributed resources such as processors, memory, disk space, and software licenses.Grid Engine used to be the foundation of the Sun Grid utility computing system, made available over the Internet in the United States in 2006,[10] later becoming available in many other countries and having been an early version of a public cloud computing facility predating AWS, for instance.","title":"Oracle Grid Engine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"source code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Univa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univa"},{"link_name":"forked","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development)"},{"link_name":"Univa Grid Engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univa_Grid_Engine"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"intellectual property","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Altair Engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altair_Engineering"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"}],"text":"In 2000, Sun acquired Gridware a privately owned commercial vendor of advanced computing resource management software with offices in San Jose, Calif., and Regensburg, Germany.[11] Later that year, Sun offered a free version of Gridware for Solaris and Linux, and renamed the product Sun Grid Engine.In 2001, Sun made the source code available,[12] and adopted the open source development model. Ports for Mac OS X and *BSD were contributed by the non-Sun open source developers.[13]In 2010, after the purchase of Sun by Oracle, the Grid Engine 6.2 update 6 source code was not included with the binaries, and changes were not put back to the project's source repository.[14] In response to this, the Grid Engine community started the Open Grid Scheduler project to continue to develop and maintain a free implementation of Grid Engine.[15][16][17]On January 18, 2011, it was announced that Univa had recruited several principal engineers from the former Sun Grid Engine team and that Univa would be developing their own forked version of Grid Engine. The newly announced Univa Grid Engine did include commercial support and would compete with the official version of Oracle Grid Engine.[18][19][20]On October 22, 2013 Univa has announced that it had acquired the intellectual property and trademarks pertaining to the Grid Engine technology and that Univa will take over support for Oracle Grid Engine customers.[21]In September 2020, Altair Engineering, a global technology company providing solutions in data analytics, product development, and high-performance computing (HPC) acquired Univa.[22]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xml-qstat.jpg"},{"link_name":"hot spares","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spare"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"A screenshot of the xml-qstat web interface in 2007A typical Grid Engine cluster consists of a master host and one or more execution hosts. Multiple shadow masters can also be configured as hot spares, which take over the role of the master when the original master host crashes.[23]","title":"Cluster architecture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Univa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univa"},{"link_name":"Univa Grid Engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univa_Grid_Engine"},{"link_name":"UNIX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX"},{"link_name":"Windows","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Georgetown University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Regensburg, Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regensburg,_Germany"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"text":"Univa is providing commercial support and training for Univa Grid Engine and Oracle Grid Engine. Below is a description of some of the historic options.Sun provided support contracts \nfor the commercial version of Grid Engine on most UNIX platforms and Windows.[24] Professional services, consulting, training, and support were provided by Sun Partners.[25] Sun partners with Georgetown University to deliver Grid Engine administration classes.[26] The Bioteam runs short SGE training workshops that are 1 or 2 days long.[27]Users obtained community support on the Grid Engine mailing lists.[28]\nGrid Engine Workshops were held in 2002, 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2012 in Regensburg, Germany.[29]","title":"Support and training"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sun Constellation System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Constellation_System"},{"link_name":"Sun Visualization System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Visualization_System"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Rocks Cluster Distribution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocks_Cluster_Distribution"},{"link_name":"Univa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univa"},{"link_name":"UniCluster Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniCluster_Express"},{"link_name":"Univa Grid Engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univa_Grid_Engine"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-son-7"},{"link_name":"Nimbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimbus_(cloud_computing)"}],"text":"The below contains historic information and some of the products and solutions are no longer available:Sun Constellation System\nSun Visualization System\nSun Compute Cluster[30]\nClusterVisionOS Distribution\nRocks Cluster Distribution\nUniva's UniCluster Express\nUniva Grid Engine\nSome Grid Engine[31] – active free fork of Sge with \"some\" further modifications, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan (2021).\nSon of Grid Engine[7] – inactive free fork of Sge with some enhancements, University of Liverpool, default Uubuntu/CentOS/RHEL gridengine package (2021).\nBioTeam's iNquiry\nNimbus – uses Grid Engine as a virtual machine scheduler in a cloud computing environment","title":"Other Grid Engine based products"}]
[{"image_text":"A screenshot of the xml-qstat web interface in 2007","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Xml-qstat.jpg/290px-Xml-qstat.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Free and open-source software portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software"},{"title":"Sun Ops Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Ops_Center"},{"title":"Open Grid Forum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Grid_Forum"}]
[{"reference":"\"Oracle Grid Engine\". Oracle Corporation. 2010-05-30.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sun.com/software/sge/","url_text":"\"Oracle Grid Engine\""}]},{"reference":"\"A Little History Lesson\". Sun Microsystems. 2006-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://blogs.sun.com/templedf/entry/a_little_history_lesson","url_text":"\"A Little History Lesson\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sun snaps up software company Gridware - CNET\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cnet.com/news/sun-snaps-up-software-company-gridware/","url_text":"\"Sun snaps up software company Gridware - CNET\""}]},{"reference":"\"Univa Completes Acquisition of Grid Engine Assets, Becoming the Sole Commercial Provider of Grid Engine Software\". Univa Corporation. 2013-10-22.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.univa.com/about/news/press_2013/10222013.php","url_text":"\"Univa Completes Acquisition of Grid Engine Assets, Becoming the Sole Commercial Provider of Grid Engine Software\""}]},{"reference":"\"Univa Demonstrates Extreme Scale Automation by Deploying More Than One Million Cores in a Single Univa Grid Engine Cluster using AWS\". Univa. 2018-06-24. Retrieved June 24, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://blogs.univa.com/2018/06/univa-demonstrates-extreme-scale-automation-by-deploying-more-than-one-million-cores-in-a-single-univa-grid-engine-cluster-using-aws/","url_text":"\"Univa Demonstrates Extreme Scale Automation by Deploying More Than One Million Cores in a Single Univa Grid Engine Cluster using AWS\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Grid Engine Source License\". Sun MicroSystems. 2010-06-04. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2013-10-23.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131112013604/http://arc.liv.ac.uk/repos/darcs/sge/LICENCES/SISSL","url_text":"\"The Grid Engine Source License\""},{"url":"http://arc.liv.ac.uk/repos/darcs/sge/LICENCES/SISSL","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Son of Grid Engine\". University of Liverpool. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210826220245/https://arc.liv.ac.uk/trac/SGE","url_text":"\"Son of Grid Engine\""},{"url":"https://arc.liv.ac.uk/trac/SGE","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Open Grid Scheduler\". The Open Grid Scheduler Community.","urls":[{"url":"http://gridscheduler.sourceforge.net/","url_text":"\"Open Grid Scheduler\""}]},{"reference":"\"Univa Grid Engine\". Univa.","urls":[{"url":"https://github.com/gridengine/gridengine/","url_text":"\"Univa Grid Engine\""}]},{"reference":"\"World's First Utility Grid Comes Alive on the Internet\". Sun Microsystems. 2006-03-22.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sun.com/smi/Press/sunflash/2006-03/sunflash.20060322.1.xml","url_text":"\"World's First Utility Grid Comes Alive on the Internet\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gridware's resource management software increases efficiency and productivity in compute-intensive technical computing environments\". Sun Microsystems. 2000-07-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sun.com/smi/Press/sunflash/2000-07/sunflash.20000724.3.xml","url_text":"\"Gridware's resource management software increases efficiency and productivity in compute-intensive technical computing environments\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sun Microsystems makes SUN GRID ENGINE software available to open source community\". Sun Microsystems. 2001-07-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sun.com/smi/Press/sunflash/2001-07/sunflash.20010723.1.xml","url_text":"\"Sun Microsystems makes SUN GRID ENGINE software available to open source community\""}]},{"reference":"\"Porting HPC Tools to FreeBSD\". 2010-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bsdcan.org/2010/schedule/events/169.en.html","url_text":"\"Porting HPC Tools to FreeBSD\""}]},{"reference":"Eadline, Douglas. \"Grid Engine: Running on All Four Cylinders » ADMIN Magazine\". ADMIN Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-05.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.admin-magazine.com/HPC/Articles/Grid-Engine-Running-on-All-Four-Cylinders","url_text":"\"Grid Engine: Running on All Four Cylinders » ADMIN Magazine\""}]},{"reference":"Eadline, Ph.D., Douglas (September 1, 2010). \"The State of Oracle/Sun Grid Engine\". Linux Magazine. Archived from the original on September 4, 2010. 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Univa Corporation. 2013-10-22.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.univa.com/about/news/press_2013/10222013.php","url_text":"\"Univa Completes Acquisition of Grid Engine Assets, Becoming the Sole Commercial Provider of Grid Engine Software\""}]},{"reference":"\"Altair Acquires Univa\". September 14, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://atc2020.virtual.altair.com/","url_text":"\"Altair Acquires Univa\""}]},{"reference":"\"How to Install the Shadow Master Host\". Sun Grid Engine 6.2u3 blog. August 27, 2009. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111002183423/http://wikis.sun.com/display/gridengine62u3/How+to+Install+the+Shadow+Master+Host","url_text":"\"How to Install the Shadow Master Host\""},{"url":"http://wikis.sun.com/display/gridengine62u3/How+to+Install+the+Shadow+Master+Host","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Sun Store Grid Engine Entitlement Purchase\". Sun Microsystems. 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Sun Microsystems.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sun.com/servers/hpc/computecluster/index.jsp","url_text":"\"Sun Compute Cluster Solution\""}]},{"reference":"\"Some Grid Engine\". Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan.","urls":[{"url":"https://github.com/daimh/sge","url_text":"\"Some Grid Engine\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duwaybiq
Duwaybiq
["1 Demographics","2 References"]
Town in Aleppo, SyriaDuwaybiq دويبيقTownDuwaybiqLocation in SyriaCoordinates: 36°33′50″N 37°16′29″E / 36.5639°N 37.2747°E / 36.5639; 37.2747Country SyriaGovernorateAleppoDistrictAzazSubdistrictSawranElevation452 m (1,483 ft)Population (2004)1,862Time zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)GeocodeC1659 Duwaybiq (Arabic: دويبق, romanized: Dūvaybık or Arabic: دويبيق, romanized: Duwaybīq; Turkish: Toybuk), also known as Duniq (Arabic: دونيق, romanized: Dūnīq), is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located some 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, it administratively belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Ihtaimlat 2 km (1.2 mi) to the west, Dabiq 3 km (1.9 mi) to the south, and Turkman Bareh 5 km (3.1 mi) to the southeast. Demographics In the 2004 census, Duwaybiq had a population of 1,862. The village is inhabited by Turkmen. Traveler Martin Hartmann noted the village as a Turkish village in late 19th century. References ^ a b "2004 Census Data for Nahiya Sawran, Aleppo Governorate" (in Arabic). Syrian Central Bureau of Statistics. Also available in English: UN OCHA. "2004 Census Data". Humanitarian Data Exchange. ^ Suriye'de Değişimin Ortaya Çıkardığı Toplum: Suriye Türkmenleri (PDF) (Report) (in Turkish). ORSAM. 14 November 2011. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-05. Retrieved 14 April 2023. ^ Hartmann, Martin (1894). Das liwa Haleb (Aleppo) und ein Teil des Liwa Dschebel Bereket. Berlin: W. Pormetter. p. 95. Retrieved 30 November 2022. vte Aleppo GovernorateCapital: AleppoMount Simeon DistrictMount Simeon Subdistrict Aleppo Abtin Assan Ayn al-Kabira Azzan Duwayr al-Zaytun Haddadin Hayyan Hilan Hreibel Kafr Saghir Khan Tuman Maghayer Khan Tuman Maratat al-Muslimiyah al-Muslimiyah al-Muslimiyah al-Shamaliyah Qarras Rasm Assan Saqlaya Siefat Tell Shair Samaan Tell Shughayb al-Dhahabiyah al-Wadihi Tell ad-Daman‎ Subdistrict Tell al-Daman Abu Rweil Ameriyeh Arjel Atshana Sharqiya Atshana Gharbiya Ballas Ballas al-Jadida Batranah Burda Buwaida Saghira Deir Saliba Hmeidi Hober Jubb Aleis Kafr Obeid al-Mintar Mreiqes Oweinat Kabira Rasm al-Mofakker Tabara al-Khusheir Um al-Karamel Haritan Subdistrict Haritan Anadan Babis Bashkoy Hayyan Fah Kafr Bssin Kafr Hamrah Maarat al-Artiq Naqqarin Shaykh Najjar Shaykh Zayat Shamer Yaqed al-Adas Darat Izza Subdistrict Darat Izza Bshantara Basrtun Bishqatin Kafrantin al-Hoteh Hur Injarah Irhab Qabtan al-Jabal al-Sakhriyah Taqad al-Hadher Subdistrict al-Hadher al-Eiss Dalamah Jmeimeh Maryamin Samaan Tell Dadin al-Zirbah Subdistrict al-Zirbah Abad Arada Banes Barnah Barqum Bawabiyah Humayrah Huweir al-Eiss Jazraya Jubb Kas Kassibeh Othmaniya Kabira Rasm al-Eiss Talafeh Tell Allush Tell Hidyah Zitan Ziyara Samaan Zammar Subdistrict Zammar Azaz DistrictAzaz Subdistrict Azaz al-Fayruziyah Jarez Kafr Kalbin Kafr Khasher Kaljibrin Al-Krum Ma'arin al-Malikiyah Maraanaz Menagh Nayarah Naddah al-Salameh Shamarikh Shamarin Sijaraz Tatiyah Tulayl ash-Sham Yahmul Akhtarin Subdistrict Akhtarin Ablah Aq Burhan Arshaf Bahwartah Baruza Dabiq Dudyan Duweidan Ghaytun Ghurur Ka'ibah Kadrish Qabtan Qar Kalbin Taanah Tal'ar Gharbi Tal'ar Sharqi Tall Battal Tall Tanah Tat Hims Turkman Bareh Ziadiyah Tell Rifaat Subdistrict Tell Rifaat Ahras Deir Jamal Kafr Naseh Kafr Naya Shaykh Issa Tell Jabin Mare' Subdistrict Mare' Fafin Herbel Ma'arat Umm Hawsh Sunbul Talalin Tell Qarah Nubl Subdistrict Nubl Bayanoun Mayer Ratyan al-Zahraa Sawran Subdistrict Sawran Baraghida Bel Duwaybiq Hawar Kilis Ihtaimlat al-Judaydah Kafra Kafr Burayshah Kafr Shoush Murayghil Rael Shuwayrin al-Yaarubiyah al-Yamamah Az-Zahiriyah Zayzafun Afrin DistrictAfrin Subdistrict Afrin Ain Dara Awlad al-Arab Barad Baselhaya Basuta Basufan Beit Adin Burj Abdullah Inab Kafr Nabu Kalota Kimar Maryamin Oqayba Qibar Bulbul Subdistrict Bulbul Burj Haider Darmashkanli Deir Ballut Fafertin Jalbul Karzahayel Jandairis Subdistrict Jindires Jalamah Kafr Safra Maabatli Subdistrict Maabatli Rajo Subdistrict Rajo Meidan Ekbis Sharran Subdistrict Sharran Qatma Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict Shaykh al-Hadid Atarib DistrictAtarib Subdistrict Atarib al-Abzamo Batibo al-Jinah Ibbin Samaan Subdistrict Ibbin Samaan Kafr Halab Kafr Karmin Kafr Naha Kafr Nasih al-Atarib Kafr Nuran Maarat Atarib Awayjil al-Sahharah al-Shaykh Ali Urum al-Kubra Subdistrict Urum al-Kubra Urum al-Sughra Ayn al-Arab DistrictAyn al-Arab Subdistrict Ayn al-Arab al-Farazdaq al-Haqel Jaadat al-Samaawat al-Jalbiyah Subdistrict al-Jalbiyah Jubb Faraj Kabir Mil Qibbah Qinayah Ramilah Ras al-Ayn Qibli Sarrin Subdistrict Sarrin Shuyukh Fawqani Shuyukh Tahtani Subdistrict Shuyukh Tahtani Tell Abyad Tahtani Al-Bab DistrictAl-Bab Subdistrict al-Bab Abu Jabbar Abu Taltal Ameriyeh Arima Subdistrict Arima Arran Barlahin Bizaah al-Burj Deir Qaq Haddabat Haji Kusa Hezwan Kherbet Kiyar Maran Oweishiyeh Qabbasin Al-Rai Subdistrict Al-Rai Sosyan Tadef Subdistrict Tadef Tell Rahal al-Waqf Dayr Hafir DistrictDayr Hafir Subdistrict Dayr Hafir Humaymah Kabirah al-Jabbul Umm el-Marra Kuweires Sharqi Subdistrict Kuweires Sharqi Mazburah al-Raa'i Rasm al-Abed Rasm Harmil al-Imam Subdistrict Rasm Harmil al-Imam Shaykh Ahmad Tell Ayoub Jarabulus DistrictJarabulus Subdistrict Jarabulus al-Bir Fawqani al-Bir Tahtani al-Hajaliah al-Haluwaniyah al-Jamel Amarnah Ayn al-Bayda Balaban Dabis Haymar Jarabulus Tahtani Marma al-Hajar Mazaalah Qandariyah Qirata Qirq Maghar Umm Rutha Tahtani Yusuf Bayk Zugharah Ghandoura Subdistrict Ghandoura Al-Kuliya Al-Shahid Al-Qadi Arab Azzah Belis Fursan Jubb al-Dam Lilawa Nabghah Tell Aghbar‎ Tell Hajar Qubbat at-Turkuman al-Suwaydah Manbij DistrictManbij Subdistrict Manbij Abu Kahf Subdistrict Abu Kahf Abu Qilqil Subdistrict Abu Qilqil Arab Hassan Kabir Awsajli Kabir Dakhirah Dandaniya Hamir Labidah Hayyah Kabirah Jubb Hamza Al-Khafsah Subdistrict Al-Khafsah Khan al-Humr al-Maamurah al-Mahsanah Khafsah Maskanah Subdistrict Maskanah Mallah Mujammaa Huttin al-Nasiriyah Fawqani Qashlat Yusef Basha Ras al-Ayn al-Bumane' Saan al-Ghazal al-Tadamon Talhuthan Tell Aswad Tell Akhdar Tishrin al-Zahirah Zunqul As-Safira DistrictAs-Safira Subdistrict as-Safira Abu Jurayn al-Safirah Aqrabah Banan Subdistrict Banan al-Hajib Subdistrict al-Hajib Hawwaz Khanasir Subdistrict Khanasir Qulayaa Rasm Al-Nafl al-Samiriyah Tat Tell Aran Subdistrict Tell Aran Tell Hasil Zira'ah
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsades
Torsades de pointes
["1 Signs and symptoms","2 Causes","2.1 Medications as causes","3 Risk factors","4 Pathophysiology","5 Diagnosis","6 R-on-T phenomenon","7 Treatment","8 History","9 Terminology","10 References"]
Type of abnormal heart rhythm Medical conditionTorsades de pointesOther namesTorsade(s)12-lead ECG of torsades de pointes (TdP) in a 56-year-old white female with low blood potassium (2.4 mmol/L) and low blood magnesium (1.6 mg/dL)SpecialtyCardiologyComplicationsCardiac arrestCausesHereditary, certain drugs, electrolyte disorders which cause increased QT intervalRisk factorsMedications, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, bradycardia, heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypothermia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypothyroidismDeaths~5% of 300,000 sudden cardiac deaths in the US Torsades de pointes, torsade de pointes or torsades des pointes (TdP; also called torsades) (/tɔːrˌsɑːd də ˈpwæ̃t/, French: , translated as "twisting of peaks") is a specific type of abnormal heart rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac death. It is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that exhibits distinct characteristics on the electrocardiogram (ECG). It was described by French physician François Dessertenne in 1966. Prolongation of the QT interval can increase a person's risk of developing this abnormal heart rhythm, occurring in between 1% and 10% of patients who receive QT-prolonging antiarrhythmic drugs. Signs and symptoms Most episodes will revert spontaneously to a normal sinus rhythm. Symptoms and consequences include palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness (during shorter episodes), fainting (during longer episodes), and sudden cardiac death. Causes Torsades occurs as both an inherited (linked to at least 17 genes) and as an acquired form caused most often by drugs and/or electrolyte disorders that cause excessive lengthening of the QT interval. Common causes for torsades de pointes include drug-induced QT prolongation and less often diarrhea, low serum magnesium, and low serum potassium or congenital long QT syndrome. It can be seen in malnourished individuals and chronic alcoholics, due to a deficiency in potassium and/or magnesium. Certain drugs and combinations of drugs resulting in drug interactions are common contributors to torsades de pointes risk. QT-prolonging medications such as clarithromycin, levofloxacin, or haloperidol, when taken concurrently with cytochrome P450 inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, cimetidine, or particular foods including grapefruit, can result in higher-than-normal levels of medications that prolong the QT interval in the bloodstream and therefore increase a person's risk of developing torsades de pointes. A TdP cardiac event precipitated by loperamide causing has been reported (although the dose was well beyond the therapeutic range of the medication). Medications as causes Knowledge that TdP may occur in patients taking certain prescription drugs has been both a major liability and reason for removal of 14 medications from the marketplace. Forty-nine drugs known to cause TdP and another 170 that are known to prolong QT remain on the market because the drugs provide medical benefit and the risk of TdP can be managed and mitigated by instructions in the drug label. Examples of compounds linked to clinical observations of TdP include amiodarone, most fluoroquinolones, methadone, lithium, chloroquine, erythromycin, azithromycin, pimozide, and phenothiazines. The anti-emetic agent ondansetron may also increase the risk of developing TdP. It has also been shown as a side effect of certain anti-arrhythmic medications, such as sotalol, procainamide, quinidine, ibutilide, and dofetilide. In one example, the gastrokinetic drug cisapride (Propulsid) was withdrawn from the US market in 2000 after it was linked to deaths caused by long QT syndrome-induced torsades de pointes. This effect can be directly linked to QT prolongation mediated predominantly by inhibition of the hERG channel and, in some cases, augmentation of the late sodium channel. Risk factors Lead II ECG showing a TdP patient being shocked by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator back to their baseline cardiac rhythm The following is a partial list of factors associated with an increased tendency towards developing torsades de pointes: Medications Hypokalemia (low serum potassium) Hypomagnesemia (low serum magnesium) Hypocalcemia (low serum calcium) Bradycardia (slow heartbeat) Heart failure Left ventricular hypertrophy Hypothermia Subarachnoid hemorrhage Hypothyroidism Pathophysiology Action potential of cardiac muscles can be broken down into five phases: Phase 0: Sodium channels open, resulting in the entrance of Na+ into the cells; this results in the depolarization of the cardiac muscles. Phase 1: Sodium channels close; this stops depolarization. Potassium channels open, leading to an outward current of K+ out of the cells. Phase 2: Potassium channels remain open (outward current of K+), and calcium channels now also open (inward current of Ca++), resulting in a plateau state. Phase 3: Calcium channels close (inward Ca++ stops), but potassium channels are still open (outward K+ current); this persists until the cells gain back normal polarization (repolarization achieved). Please note that phase 0 leads to a net gain of Na+, while phases 1–3 lead to a net loss of K+. This imbalance is corrected by the Na+/K+-ATPase channel that pumps K+ into the cell and sodium out of the cell; this does not change polarization of the cells, but does restore ionic content to its initial state. Phase 4: Exciting triggers (e.g. sinus node) will cause minor depolarization in the cells; this will result in increasing permeability of sodium channels, which trigger the opening of sodium channels. Repolarization of the cardiomyocytes occurs in phases 1–3, and is caused predominantly by the outward movement of potassium ions. In Torsades de pointes, however, the repolarization is prolonged; this can be due to electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia), bradycardia, certain drugs (disopyramide, sotalol, amiodarone, amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, erythromycin) and/or congenital syndromes. The prolongation of repolarisation may result in subsequent activation of an inward depolarisation current, known as an early after-depolarisation, which may promote triggered activity. Re-entry, due to a dispersion of refractory periods, is also possible; this is because M Cells (found in the mid myocardial layer) show a more prolonged repolarization phase in response to potassium blockage than other cells. In turn, this produces a zone of functional refractoriness (inability to depolarize) in the mid myocardial layer. When new action potential is generated, the mid myocardial layer will remain in a refractory period, but the surrounding tissue will depolarize. As soon as the mid myocardial layer is no longer in a refractory period, excitation from nearby tissue will cause a retrograde current and a reentry circuit that will result in a positive chronotropic cycle, leading to tachycardia. Diagnosis The ECG tracing in torsades demonstrates a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with a characteristic illusion of a twisting of the QRS complex around the isoelectric baseline (peaks, which are at first pointing up, appear to be pointing down for subsequent "beats" when looking at ECG traces of the "heartbeat"). It is hemodynamically unstable and causes a sudden drop in arterial blood pressure, leading to dizziness and fainting. Depending on their cause, most individual episodes of torsades de pointes revert to normal sinus rhythm within a few seconds; however, episodes may also persist and possibly degenerate into ventricular fibrillation, leading to sudden death in the absence of prompt medical intervention. Torsades de pointes is associated with long QT syndrome, a condition whereby prolonged QT intervals are visible on an ECG. Long QT intervals predispose the patient to an R-on-T phenomenon, wherein the R-wave, representing ventricular depolarization, occurs during the relative refractory period at the end of repolarization (represented by the latter half of the T-wave). An R-on-T can initiate torsades. Sometimes, pathologic T-U waves may be seen in the ECG before the initiation of torsades. A "short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes", which presents without long QT syndrome, was also described in 1994 as having the following characteristics: Drastic rotation of the heart's electrical axis Prolonged QT interval (LQTS) - may not be present in the short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes Preceded by long and short RR-intervals - not present in the short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes Triggered by a premature ventricular contraction (R-on-T PVC) R-on-T phenomenon The R-on-T phenomenon is the superimposition of a premature ventricular contraction on the T wave of a preceding heart beat. Studies suggest that R-on-T phenomenon is likely to start a sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It's considered a cardiac arrhythmia in which the ventricles of the heart become again excited during the repolarization of the previous heart action. Because part of the heart muscle cannot be excited at this early point in time, a premature chamber action can trigger life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (e.g. ventricular fibrillation or Torsades de pointes). On the ECG, this phenomenon is showing when a ventricular extrasystole (R) (T-wave) is superimposed during the repolarization phase of the previous action of the heart. Not all premature chamber actions can trigger these dangerous arrhythmias; the risk is increased with ischemia of the heart muscle or with prolonged repolarization time (long QT syndrome). The arrhythmia can also be triggered when an external stimulus such as cardioversion falls in the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle. In the Lown grading system of ventricular arrhythmias, the R-on-T phenomenon is the fifth, most threatening class. Treatment The treatment of torsades de pointes aims to restore a normal rhythm and to prevent the arrhythmia recurring. While torsades may spontaneously revert to a normal sinus rhythm, sustained torsades requires emergency treatment to prevent cardiac arrest. The most effective treatment to terminate torsades is an electrical cardioversion - a procedure in which an electrical current is applied across the heart to temporarily stop and then resynchronise the heart's cells. Treatment to prevent recurrent torsades includes infusion of magnesium sulphate, correction of electrolyte imbalances such as low blood potassium levels (hypokalaemia), and withdrawal of any medications that prolong the QT interval. Treatments used to prevent torsades in specific circumstances include beta blockers or mexiletine in long QT syndrome. Occasionally a pacemaker may be used to accelerate the heart's own sinus rhythm, and those at risk of further torsades may be offered an implantable defibrillator to automatically detect and defibrillate further episodes of the arrhythmia. Magnesium is used in the treatment of torsades de pointes because it functions as a physiologic calcium channel blocker. By blocking the calcium channels in phase 2 of the myocardial action potential, magnesium suppresses the early afterdepolarizations that occur in this phase with calcium influx into the cell. History The phenomenon was originally described in a French medical journal by Dessertenne in 1966, when he observed this cardiac rhythm disorder in an 80-year-old female patient with complete intermittent atrioventricular block. In coining the term, he referred his colleagues to the "Dictionnaire Le Robert", a bilingual French English dictionary, of which his wife had just given him a copy. Here, "torsade" is defined as: a bundle of threads, twisted in a helix or spiral, for ornamental purposes (such as in an Aran sweater); long hair twisted together; an ornamental motif, as seen on architectural columns. Terminology The singular and plural forms (torsade de pointes, torsades de pointes and torsades des pointes) have all often been used. The question of whether each one is grammatically "correct" and the others "incorrect" has repeatedly arisen. This is seen among major medical dictionaries, where one enters only the plural form, another enters the plural form as the headword but lists the singular as a variant, and yet another enters the singular form as the headword and gives a usage comment saying that the plural is not preferred. One group of physicians has suggested that it would make the most sense to use the singular form to refer to the arrhythmia entity (where an arrhythmia may involve one or multiple episodes), and that one might best reserve the plural form for describing repeated twisting during a single episode. Other authors have suggested all three words should be plural. Regarding the natural language variation, they concluded, in good nature, "Wasn't it the French who coined the term vive la difference?" References ^ "Torsade de Pointes: Overview, Pathophysiology, Etiology of Torsade". 2021-04-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) ^ "TORSADE DE POINTES | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com". Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. ^ Dessertenne, F. (1966). "La tachycardie ventriculaire a deux foyers opposes variables". Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux (in French). 59 (2). Prepared by Rahel Farhad: 263–272. ISSN 0003-9683. PMID 4956181. ^ Pickham, David; Helfenbein, Eric; Shinn, Julie A.; Chan, Garrett; Funk, Marjorie; Weinacker, Ann; Liu, Jia-Ni; Drew, Barbara J. (2012). "High prevalence of corrected QT interval prolongation in acutely ill patients is associated with mortality". Critical Care Medicine. 40 (2): 394–399. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318232db4a. PMID 22001585. S2CID 27017787. ^ Groot, Jan Albert Nicolaas; Ten Bokum, Leonore; Van Den Oever, Hubertus Laurentius Antonius (2018). "Late presentation of Torsades de Pointes related to fluoxetine following a multiple drug overdose". Journal of Intensive Care. 6: 59. doi:10.1186/s40560-018-0329-1. PMC 6131849. PMID 30214811. ^ Saprungruang, Ankavipar; Khongphatthanayothin, Apichai; Mauleekoonphairoj, John; Wandee, Pharawee; Kanjanauthai, Supaluck; Bhuiyan, Zahurul A.; Wilde, Arthur A. M.; Poovorawan, Yong (2018). "Genotype and clinical characteristics of congenital long QT syndrome in Thailand". Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal. 18 (5): 165–171. doi:10.1016/j.ipej.2018.07.007. PMC 6198685. PMID 30036649. ^ Schwartz, Peter J.; Woosley, Raymond L. (2016). "Predicting the Unpredictable". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 67 (13): 1639–1650. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.063. PMID 27150690. S2CID 35723658. ^ Mukarram, O.; Hindi, Y.; Catalasan, G.; Ward, J. (2016). "Loperamide Induced Torsades de Pointes: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Reports in Medicine. 2016: 1–3. doi:10.1155/2016/4061980. PMC 4775784. PMID 26989420. ^ Drew, Barbara J.; Ackerman, Michael J.; Funk, Marjorie; Gibler, W. Brian; Kligfield, Paul; Menon, Venu; Philippides, George J.; Roden, Dan M.; Zareba, Wojciech; American Heart Association Acute Cardiac Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American College of Cardiology Foundation (2010). "Prevention of Torsade de Pointes in Hospital Settings". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 55 (9): 934–947. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.001. PMC 3057430. PMID 20185054. ^ Woosley, R. L., Heise, C. W., Gallo, T., Tate, J., Woosley, D., and K. A. Romero. www.CredibleMeds.org, QTdrugs List, Accessed 9 June 2019, AZCERT, Inc. 1822 Innovation Park Dr., Oro Valley, AZ 85755. ^ a b Champeroux, P.; Viaud, K.; El Amrani, A. I.; Fowler, J. S.; Martel, E.; Le Guennec, J. Y.; Richard, S. (2005). "Prediction of the risk of Torsade de Pointes using the model of isolated canine Purkinje fibres". British Journal of Pharmacology. 144 (3): 376–385. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706070. PMC 1576014. PMID 15655517. ^ Vallerand, April Hazard (2014-06-05). Davis's drug guide for nurses. Sanoski, Cynthia A.,, Deglin, Judith Hopfer, 1950- (Fourteenth ed.). Philadelphia. ISBN 978-0-8036-4085-6. OCLC 881473728.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ^ Lenz T. L.; Hilleman D. E. (July 2000). "Dofetilide, a New Class III Antiarrhythmic Agent". Pharmacotherapy. 20 (7): 776–86. doi:10.1592/phco.20.9.776.35208. PMID 10907968. S2CID 19897963. ^ Yang, T.; Chun, Y. W.; Stroud, D. M.; Mosley, J. D.; Knollmann, B. C.; Hong, C.; Roden, D. M. (2014). "Screening for Acute IKr Block is Insufficient to Detect Torsades de Pointes Liability: Role of Late Sodium Current". Circulation. 130 (3): 224–234. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007765. PMC 4101031. PMID 24895457. ^ Clinical Factors Associated with Prolonged QTc and/or TdP Archived 2020-08-16 at the Wayback Machine, CredibleMeds.org, accessed 8 June 2019. ^ Davidson, Sir Stanley (2010). Colledge, Nicki; Walker, Brian; Ralston, Stuart (eds.). Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine (21st ed.). United Kingdom: Elsevier. p. 568. ISBN 978-0-7020-3084-0. ^ a b Yap, Yee Guan; Camm, A John (2017-01-17). "Drug induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes". Heart. 89 (11): 1363–1372. doi:10.1136/heart.89.11.1363. ISSN 1355-6037. PMC 1767957. PMID 14594906. ^ Napolitano, C.; Priori, S. G.; Schwartz, P. J. (1994-01-01). "Torsade de pointes. Mechanisms and management". Drugs. 47 (1): 51–65. doi:10.2165/00003495-199447010-00004. ISSN 0012-6667. PMID 7510621. S2CID 1153199. ^ John, J.; Amley, X.; Bombino, G.; Gitelis, C.; Topi, B.; Hollander, G.; Ghosh, J. (2010). "Torsade de Pointes due to Methadone Use in a Patient with HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection". Cardiology Research and Practice. 2010: 1–4. doi:10.4061/2010/524764. PMC 3021856. PMID 21253542. ^ Leenhardt A, Glaser E, Burguera M, Nürnberg M, Maison-Blanche P, Coumel P (January 1994). "Short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes. A new electrocardiographic entity in the spectrum of idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmias". Circulation. 89 (1): 206–15. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.89.1.206. PMID 8281648. ^ a b Engel, Toby R. (1978-02-01). "The "R-on-T" Phenomenon: An Update and Critical Review". Annals of Internal Medicine. 88 (2): 221–225. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-221. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 75705. ^ Oksuz, Fatih; Sensoy, Baris; Sahan, Ekrem; Sen, Fatih; Baser, Kazım; Cetin, Hande; Unal, Sefa; Ozeke, Ozcan; Topaloglu, Serkan; Aras, Dursun (July 2015). "The classical "R-on-T" phenomenon". Indian Heart Journal. 67 (4): 392–394. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2015.02.030. PMC 4561790. PMID 26304578. ^ a b Thomas, Simon H. L.; Behr, Elijah R. (March 2016). "Pharmacological treatment of acquired QT prolongation and torsades de pointes". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 81 (3): 420–427. doi:10.1111/bcp.12726. ISSN 1365-2125. PMC 4767204. PMID 26183037. ^ Hoshino, Kenji; Ogawa, Kiyoshi; Hishitani, Takashi; Isobe, Takeshi; Etoh, Yoshikatsu (2006). "Successful uses of magnesium sulfate for torsades de pointes in children with long QT syndrome". Pediatrics International. 48 (2): 112–117. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02177.x. PMID 16635167. S2CID 24904388. ^ a b Priori, Silvia G.; Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina; Mazzanti, Andrea; Blom, Nico; Borggrefe, Martin; Camm, John; Elliott, Perry Mark; Fitzsimons, Donna; Hatala, Robert; Hindricks, Gerhard; Kirchhof, Paulus (November 2015). "2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC)". EP Europace. 17 (11): 1601–1687. doi:10.1093/europace/euv319. ISSN 1532-2092. PMID 26318695. ^ "Episode 12: Why does magnesium treat torsades de pointes?". The Curious Clinicians. 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2023-10-23. ^ a b Moise NS (1999). "As Americans, we should get this right ". Circulation. 100 (13): 1462. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.100.13.1462. PMID 10500317. ^ Mullins ME (2011). "Mon bête noir (my pet peeve)". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 7 (2): 181. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0153-7. PMC 3724434. PMID 21461788. ClassificationDMeSH: D016171DiseasesDB: 29252External resourceseMedicine: med/2286 emerg/596Patient UK: Torsades de pointes vteCardiovascular disease (heart)IschemiaCoronary disease Coronary artery disease (CAD) Coronary artery aneurysm Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) Coronary thrombosis Coronary vasospasm Myocardial bridge Active ischemia Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Stable angina Acute coronary syndrome Myocardial infarction Unstable angina Sequelae hours Hibernating myocardium Myocardial stunning days Myocardial rupture weeks Ventricular aneurysm Dressler syndrome LayersPericardium Pericarditis Acute Chronic / Constrictive Pericardial effusion Cardiac tamponade Hemopericardium Myocardium Myocarditis Chagas disease Cardiomyopathy Dilated Alcoholic Hypertrophic Tachycardia-induced Restrictive Loeffler endocarditis Cardiac amyloidosis Endocardial fibroelastosis Viral Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium / valvesEndocarditis infective endocarditis Subacute bacterial endocarditis non-infective endocarditis Libman–Sacks endocarditis Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis Valves mitral prolapse stenosis regurgitation aortic stenosis regurgitation tricuspid stenosis regurgitation pulmonary stenosis regurgitation Conduction / arrhythmiaBradycardia Sinus bradycardia Sick sinus syndrome Heart block: Sinoatrial AV 1° 2° 3° Intraventricular Bundle branch block Right Left Left anterior fascicle Left posterior fascicle Bifascicular Trifascicular Adams–Stokes syndrome Tachycardia (paroxysmal and sinus)Supraventricular Atrial Multifocal Junctional AV nodal reentrant Junctional ectopic Ventricular Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Catecholaminergic polymorphic Torsades de pointes Premature contraction Atrial Junctional Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome Lown–Ganong–Levine Wolff–Parkinson–White Flutter / fibrillation Atrial flutter Ventricular flutter Atrial fibrillation Familial Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat Multifocal atrial tachycardia Pacemaker syndrome Parasystole Wandering atrial pacemaker Long QT syndrome Andersen–Tawil Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Romano–Ward Cardiac arrest Sudden cardiac death Asystole Pulseless electrical activity Sinoatrial arrest Other / ungrouped hexaxial reference system Right axis deviation Left axis deviation QT Short QT syndrome T T wave alternans ST J wave ST elevation ST depression Strain pattern Cardiomegaly Ventricular hypertrophy Left Right Pulmonary Atrial enlargement Left Right Athletic heart syndrome Other Cardiac fibrosis Heart failure Diastolic heart failure Cardiac asthma Rheumatic fever Obstructive shock
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"/tɔːrˌsɑːd də ˈpwæ̃t/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[tɔʁsad də pwɛ̃t̪]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French"},{"link_name":"abnormal heart rhythm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormal_heart_rhythm"},{"link_name":"sudden cardiac death","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden_cardiac_death"},{"link_name":"ventricular tachycardia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia"},{"link_name":"electrocardiogram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiogram"},{"link_name":"François Dessertenne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Dessertenne"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"QT interval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QT_interval"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Medical conditionTorsades de pointes, torsade de pointes or torsades des pointes (TdP; also called torsades) (/tɔːrˌsɑːd də ˈpwæ̃t/,[2] French: [tɔʁsad də pwɛ̃t̪], translated as \"twisting of peaks\") is a specific type of abnormal heart rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac death. It is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that exhibits distinct characteristics on the electrocardiogram (ECG). It was described by French physician François Dessertenne in 1966.[3] Prolongation of the QT interval can increase a person's risk of developing this abnormal heart rhythm, occurring in between 1% and 10% of patients who receive QT-prolonging antiarrhythmic drugs.[4]","title":"Torsades de pointes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sinus rhythm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_rhythm"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"palpitations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitation"},{"link_name":"dizziness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizziness"},{"link_name":"lightheadedness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presyncope"},{"link_name":"fainting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)"},{"link_name":"sudden cardiac death","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden_cardiac_death"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Most episodes will revert spontaneously to a normal sinus rhythm.[5] Symptoms and consequences include palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness (during shorter episodes), fainting (during longer episodes), and sudden cardiac death.[citation needed]","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"diarrhea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrhea"},{"link_name":"low serum magnesium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypomagnesemia"},{"link_name":"low serum potassium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia"},{"link_name":"alcoholics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism"},{"link_name":"drug interactions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_interactions"},{"link_name":"QT-prolonging medications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug-induced_QT_prolongation"},{"link_name":"clarithromycin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycin"},{"link_name":"levofloxacin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levofloxacin"},{"link_name":"haloperidol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloperidol"},{"link_name":"cytochrome P450","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_P450"},{"link_name":"fluoxetine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoxetine"},{"link_name":"cimetidine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetidine"},{"link_name":"grapefruit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit_drug_interactions"},{"link_name":"loperamide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loperamide"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Loperamide_Induced_Torsades_de_Pointes:_A_Case_Report_and_Review_of_the_Literature-8"}],"text":"Torsades occurs as both an inherited (linked to at least 17 genes)[6] and as an acquired form caused most often by drugs and/or electrolyte disorders that cause excessive lengthening of the QT interval.[7]Common causes for torsades de pointes include drug-induced QT prolongation and less often diarrhea, low serum magnesium, and low serum potassium or congenital long QT syndrome. It can be seen in malnourished individuals and chronic alcoholics, due to a deficiency in potassium and/or magnesium. Certain drugs and combinations of drugs resulting in drug interactions are common contributors to torsades de pointes risk. QT-prolonging medications such as clarithromycin, levofloxacin, or haloperidol, when taken concurrently with cytochrome P450 inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, cimetidine, or particular foods including grapefruit, can result in higher-than-normal levels of medications that prolong the QT interval in the bloodstream and therefore increase a person's risk of developing torsades de pointes. A TdP cardiac event precipitated by loperamide causing has been reported (although the dose was well beyond the therapeutic range of the medication).[8]","title":"Causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Champeroux-11"},{"link_name":"amiodarone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiodarone"},{"link_name":"fluoroquinolones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinolone"},{"link_name":"methadone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methadone"},{"link_name":"lithium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication)"},{"link_name":"chloroquine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine"},{"link_name":"erythromycin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin"},{"link_name":"azithromycin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin"},{"link_name":"pimozide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimozide"},{"link_name":"phenothiazines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenothiazines"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Champeroux-11"},{"link_name":"anti-emetic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiemetic"},{"link_name":"ondansetron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondansetron"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"sotalol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotalol"},{"link_name":"procainamide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide"},{"link_name":"quinidine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine"},{"link_name":"ibutilide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibutilide"},{"link_name":"dofetilide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dofetilide"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid10907968-13"},{"link_name":"cisapride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisapride"},{"link_name":"hERG channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HERG"},{"link_name":"sodium channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"sub_title":"Medications as causes","text":"Knowledge that TdP may occur in patients taking certain prescription drugs has been both a major liability and reason for removal of 14 medications from the marketplace.[9] Forty-nine drugs known to cause TdP and another 170 that are known to prolong QT remain on the market because the drugs provide medical benefit and the risk of TdP can be managed and mitigated by instructions in the drug label.[10][11] Examples of compounds linked to clinical observations of TdP include amiodarone, most fluoroquinolones, methadone, lithium, chloroquine, erythromycin, azithromycin, pimozide, and phenothiazines.[11] The anti-emetic agent ondansetron may also increase the risk of developing TdP.[12] It has also been shown as a side effect of certain anti-arrhythmic medications, such as sotalol, procainamide, quinidine, ibutilide, and dofetilide.[13] In one example, the gastrokinetic drug cisapride (Propulsid) was withdrawn from the US market in 2000 after it was linked to deaths caused by long QT syndrome-induced torsades de pointes. This effect can be directly linked to QT prolongation mediated predominantly by inhibition of the hERG channel and, in some cases, augmentation of the late sodium channel.[14]","title":"Causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Torsades_converted_by_AICD_ECG_strip_Lead_II.JPG"},{"link_name":"ECG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiogram"},{"link_name":"implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator"},{"link_name":"cardiac rhythm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_rhythm"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Medications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medications"},{"link_name":"Hypokalemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia"},{"link_name":"Hypomagnesemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypomagnesemia"},{"link_name":"Hypocalcemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocalcemia"},{"link_name":"Bradycardia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradycardia"},{"link_name":"Heart failure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure"},{"link_name":"Left ventricular hypertrophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_ventricular_hypertrophy"},{"link_name":"Hypothermia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia"},{"link_name":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage"},{"link_name":"Hypothyroidism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothyroidism"}],"text":"Lead II ECG showing a TdP patient being shocked by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator back to their baseline cardiac rhythmThe following is a partial list of factors associated with an increased tendency towards developing torsades de pointes:[15]Medications\nHypokalemia (low serum potassium)\nHypomagnesemia (low serum magnesium)\nHypocalcemia (low serum calcium)\nBradycardia (slow heartbeat)\nHeart failure\nLeft ventricular hypertrophy\nHypothermia\nSubarachnoid hemorrhage\nHypothyroidism","title":"Risk factors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"early after-depolarisation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterdepolarization"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Yap_1363%E2%80%931372-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Yap_1363%E2%80%931372-17"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Action potential of cardiac muscles can be broken down into five phases:[citation needed]Phase 0: Sodium channels open, resulting in the entrance of Na+ into the cells; this results in the depolarization of the cardiac muscles.\nPhase 1: Sodium channels close; this stops depolarization. Potassium channels open, leading to an outward current of K+ out of the cells.\nPhase 2: Potassium channels remain open (outward current of K+), and calcium channels now also open (inward current of Ca++), resulting in a plateau state.\nPhase 3: Calcium channels close (inward Ca++ stops), but potassium channels are still open (outward K+ current); this persists until the cells gain back normal polarization (repolarization achieved). Please note that phase 0 leads to a net gain of Na+, while phases 1–3 lead to a net loss of K+. This imbalance is corrected by the Na+/K+-ATPase channel that pumps K+ into the cell and sodium out of the cell; this does not change polarization of the cells, but does restore ionic content to its initial state.\nPhase 4: Exciting triggers (e.g. sinus node) will cause minor depolarization in the cells; this will result in increasing permeability of sodium channels, which trigger the opening of sodium channels.Repolarization of the cardiomyocytes occurs in phases 1–3, and is caused predominantly by the outward movement of potassium ions. In Torsades de pointes, however, the repolarization is prolonged; this can be due to electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia), bradycardia, certain drugs (disopyramide, sotalol, amiodarone, amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, erythromycin) and/or congenital syndromes.[16]The prolongation of repolarisation may result in subsequent activation of an inward depolarisation current, known as an early after-depolarisation, which may promote triggered activity.[17] Re-entry, due to a dispersion of refractory periods, is also possible;[18] this is because M Cells (found in the mid myocardial layer) show a more prolonged repolarization phase in response to potassium blockage than other cells. In turn, this produces a zone of functional refractoriness (inability to depolarize) in the mid myocardial layer.[17] When new action potential is generated, the mid myocardial layer will remain in a refractory period, but the surrounding tissue will depolarize. As soon as the mid myocardial layer is no longer in a refractory period, excitation from nearby tissue will cause a retrograde current and a reentry circuit that will result in a positive chronotropic cycle, leading to tachycardia.[citation needed]","title":"Pathophysiology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"fainting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)"},{"link_name":"ventricular fibrillation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillation"},{"link_name":"long QT syndrome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_QT_syndrome"},{"link_name":"T-U waves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-U_wave&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmc-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid-20"},{"link_name":"QT interval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QT_interval"},{"link_name":"LQTS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LQTS"},{"link_name":"premature ventricular contraction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_ventricular_contraction"}],"text":"The ECG tracing in torsades demonstrates a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with a characteristic illusion of a twisting of the QRS complex around the isoelectric baseline (peaks, which are at first pointing up, appear to be pointing down for subsequent \"beats\" when looking at ECG traces of the \"heartbeat\"). It is hemodynamically unstable and causes a sudden drop in arterial blood pressure, leading to dizziness and fainting. Depending on their cause, most individual episodes of torsades de pointes revert to normal sinus rhythm within a few seconds; however, episodes may also persist and possibly degenerate into ventricular fibrillation, leading to sudden death in the absence of prompt medical intervention. Torsades de pointes is associated with long QT syndrome, a condition whereby prolonged QT intervals are visible on an ECG. Long QT intervals predispose the patient to an R-on-T phenomenon, wherein the R-wave, representing ventricular depolarization, occurs during the relative refractory period at the end of repolarization (represented by the latter half of the T-wave). An R-on-T can initiate torsades. Sometimes, pathologic T-U waves may be seen in the ECG before the initiation of torsades.[19]A \"short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes\", which presents without long QT syndrome, was also described in 1994 as having the following characteristics:[20]Drastic rotation of the heart's electrical axis\nProlonged QT interval (LQTS) - may not be present in the short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes\nPreceded by long and short RR-intervals - not present in the short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes\nTriggered by a premature ventricular contraction (R-on-T PVC)","title":"Diagnosis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ventricular tachycardia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia"},{"link_name":"ventricular fibrillation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillation"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-21"},{"link_name":"ventricular extrasystole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_ventricular_contraction"},{"link_name":"T-wave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_wave"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-21"},{"link_name":"ischemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease"},{"link_name":"long QT syndrome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_QT_syndrome"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"cardioversion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardioversion"},{"link_name":"cardiac cycle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_cycle"}],"text":"The R-on-T phenomenon is the superimposition of a premature ventricular contraction on the T wave of a preceding heart beat. Studies suggest that R-on-T phenomenon is likely to start a sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.[21] It's considered a cardiac arrhythmia in which the ventricles of the heart become again excited during the repolarization of the previous heart action. Because part of the heart muscle cannot be excited at this early point in time, a premature chamber action can trigger life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (e.g. ventricular fibrillation or Torsades de pointes).On the ECG, this phenomenon is showing when a ventricular extrasystole (R) (T-wave) is superimposed during the repolarization phase of the previous action of the heart.[21] Not all premature chamber actions can trigger these dangerous arrhythmias; the risk is increased with ischemia of the heart muscle or with prolonged repolarization time (long QT syndrome).[22] The arrhythmia can also be triggered when an external stimulus such as cardioversion falls in the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle.In the Lown grading system of ventricular arrhythmias, the R-on-T phenomenon is the fifth, most threatening class.","title":"R-on-T phenomenon"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sinus rhythm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_rhythm"},{"link_name":"cardiac arrest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_arrest"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-23"},{"link_name":"electrical cardioversion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardioversion"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-23"},{"link_name":"magnesium sulphate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"hypokalaemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia"},{"link_name":"medications that prolong the QT interval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug-induced_QT_prolongation"},{"link_name":"beta blockers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker"},{"link_name":"mexiletine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexiletine"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-25"},{"link_name":"pacemaker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker"},{"link_name":"implantable defibrillator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-25"},{"link_name":"calcium channel blocker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker"},{"link_name":"early afterdepolarizations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterdepolarization"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"text":"The treatment of torsades de pointes aims to restore a normal rhythm and to prevent the arrhythmia recurring. While torsades may spontaneously revert to a normal sinus rhythm, sustained torsades requires emergency treatment to prevent cardiac arrest.[23] The most effective treatment to terminate torsades is an electrical cardioversion - a procedure in which an electrical current is applied across the heart to temporarily stop and then resynchronise the heart's cells.[23] Treatment to prevent recurrent torsades includes infusion of magnesium sulphate,[24] correction of electrolyte imbalances such as low blood potassium levels (hypokalaemia), and withdrawal of any medications that prolong the QT interval. Treatments used to prevent torsades in specific circumstances include beta blockers or mexiletine in long QT syndrome.[25] Occasionally a pacemaker may be used to accelerate the heart's own sinus rhythm, and those at risk of further torsades may be offered an implantable defibrillator to automatically detect and defibrillate further episodes of the arrhythmia.[25]Magnesium is used in the treatment of torsades de pointes because it functions as a physiologic calcium channel blocker. By blocking the calcium channels in phase 2 of the myocardial action potential, magnesium suppresses the early afterdepolarizations that occur in this phase with calcium influx into the cell.[26]","title":"Treatment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"medical journal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_journal"},{"link_name":"Dessertenne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessertenne"},{"link_name":"atrioventricular block","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular_block"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Aran sweater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran_sweater"}],"text":"The phenomenon was originally described in a French medical journal by Dessertenne in 1966, when he observed this cardiac rhythm disorder in an 80-year-old female patient with complete intermittent atrioventricular block. In coining the term, he referred his colleagues to the \"Dictionnaire Le Robert\", a bilingual French English dictionary, of which his wife had just given him a copy. Here, \"torsade\" is defined as: [citation needed]a bundle of threads, twisted in a helix or spiral, for ornamental purposes (such as in an Aran sweater);\nlong hair twisted together;\nan ornamental motif, as seen on architectural columns.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"headword","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headword"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Circulation_1999_100_1462-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mullins-28"},{"link_name":"natural language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Circulation_1999_100_1462-27"}],"text":"The singular and plural forms (torsade de pointes, torsades de pointes and torsades des pointes) have all often been used. The question of whether each one is grammatically \"correct\" and the others \"incorrect\" has repeatedly arisen. This is seen among major medical dictionaries, where one enters only the plural form, another enters the plural form as the headword but lists the singular as a variant, and yet another enters the singular form as the headword and gives a usage comment saying that the plural is not preferred. One group of physicians has suggested that it would make the most sense to use the singular form to refer to the arrhythmia entity (where an arrhythmia may involve one or multiple episodes), and that one might best reserve the plural form for describing repeated twisting during a single episode.[27] Other authors have suggested all three words should be plural.[28] Regarding the natural language variation, they concluded, in good nature, \"Wasn't it the French who coined the term vive la difference?\"[27]","title":"Terminology"}]
[{"image_text":"Lead II ECG showing a TdP patient being shocked by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator back to their baseline cardiac rhythm","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Torsades_converted_by_AICD_ECG_strip_Lead_II.JPG/300px-Torsades_converted_by_AICD_ECG_strip_Lead_II.JPG"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Torsade de Pointes: Overview, Pathophysiology, Etiology of Torsade\". 2021-04-03.","urls":[{"url":"https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1950863-overview","url_text":"\"Torsade de Pointes: Overview, Pathophysiology, Etiology of Torsade\""}]},{"reference":"\"TORSADE DE POINTES | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com\". Archived from the original on August 14, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200814132946/https://www.lexico.com/definition/torsade_de_pointes","url_text":"\"TORSADE DE POINTES | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com\""},{"url":"https://www.lexico.com/definition/torsade_de_pointes","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Dessertenne, F. (1966). \"La tachycardie ventriculaire a deux foyers opposes variables\". Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux (in French). 59 (2). Prepared by Rahel Farhad: 263–272. ISSN 0003-9683. PMID 4956181.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Dessertenne","url_text":"Dessertenne, F."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-9683","url_text":"0003-9683"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4956181","url_text":"4956181"}]},{"reference":"Pickham, David; Helfenbein, Eric; Shinn, Julie A.; Chan, Garrett; Funk, Marjorie; Weinacker, Ann; Liu, Jia-Ni; Drew, Barbara J. (2012). \"High prevalence of corrected QT interval prolongation in acutely ill patients is associated with mortality\". Critical Care Medicine. 40 (2): 394–399. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318232db4a. PMID 22001585. 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PMID 8281648.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.CIR.89.1.206","url_text":"\"Short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes. A new electrocardiographic entity in the spectrum of idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmias\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.CIR.89.1.206","url_text":"10.1161/01.CIR.89.1.206"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8281648","url_text":"8281648"}]},{"reference":"Engel, Toby R. (1978-02-01). \"The \"R-on-T\" Phenomenon: An Update and Critical Review\". Annals of Internal Medicine. 88 (2): 221–225. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-221. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 75705.","urls":[{"url":"http://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-221","url_text":"\"The \"R-on-T\" Phenomenon: An Update and Critical Review\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-88-2-221","url_text":"10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-221"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-4819","url_text":"0003-4819"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/75705","url_text":"75705"}]},{"reference":"Oksuz, Fatih; Sensoy, Baris; Sahan, Ekrem; Sen, Fatih; Baser, Kazım; Cetin, Hande; Unal, Sefa; Ozeke, Ozcan; Topaloglu, Serkan; Aras, Dursun (July 2015). \"The classical \"R-on-T\" phenomenon\". Indian Heart Journal. 67 (4): 392–394. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2015.02.030. PMC 4561790. 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PMID 26183037.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4767204","url_text":"\"Pharmacological treatment of acquired QT prolongation and torsades de pointes\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbcp.12726","url_text":"10.1111/bcp.12726"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-2125","url_text":"1365-2125"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4767204","url_text":"4767204"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26183037","url_text":"26183037"}]},{"reference":"Hoshino, Kenji; Ogawa, Kiyoshi; Hishitani, Takashi; Isobe, Takeshi; Etoh, Yoshikatsu (2006). \"Successful uses of magnesium sulfate for torsades de pointes in children with long QT syndrome\". Pediatrics International. 48 (2): 112–117. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02177.x. PMID 16635167. 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EP Europace. 17 (11): 1601–1687. doi:10.1093/europace/euv319. ISSN 1532-2092. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empoy_Marquez
Empoy Marquez
["1 Life and career","2 Filmography","2.1 Television","2.2 Film","3 Awards","4 References","5 External links"]
Filipino actor and comedian In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Ramos and the surname or paternal family name is Marquez. Empoy MarquezMarquez in 2014BornJulius Erman Ramos Marquez (1981-07-03) 3 July 1981 (age 42)Baliuag, Bulacan, PhilippinesOccupationsActorcomedianYears active2003–presentComedy careerMediumFilmtelevisionGenresObservational comedy Julius Erman "Empoy" Ramos Marquez (born July 3, 1981), also known mononymously as Empoy, is a Filipino actor and comedian. He is best known for playing the male lead in Kita Kita (2017), the highest-grossing Filipino independent film of all time. His performance earned him a nomination for the Gawad Urian for Best Actor. After winning the Mr. Suave look-alike contest on Magandang Tanghali Bayan, he was awarded a minor role in the 2003 comedy film Mr. Suave. From 2003 to 2008, he had small roles in several films and television shows, where he was typecast as the comical sidekick. He also appeared in some independent films. Marquez then appeared in TV5's Lokomoko (2008–2013), Tropa Mo Ko Unli (2013–2015), and played the titular superhero character in Kapitan Awesome (2012–2013). He also portrayed Chiz in the 2015 sitcom Mac & Chiz. In 2018, he had a supporting role in the television drama Since I Found You and also co-starred in the film Kusina Kings. Life and career Julius Erman Ramos Marquez was born in Baliuag, Bulacan on July 3, 1981. He is the eldest among seven siblings, and his parents separated when he was in sixth grade. He earned his college degree in mass communication with the intention of becoming a DJ. In 2003, Marquez won the Mr. Suave look-alike contest on ABS-CBN's Magandang Tanghali Bayan. Aside from the cash prize, he was also awarded a role in the film, which starred Vhong Navarro as the title character. He also became a co-host of MTB Ang Saya-Saya for a year. Marquez was signed to Star Magic from 2003 to 2007, and moved to TV5 in 2008. During this time, he had small roles in several films and television shows where he was typecast as the comical sidekick. He also appeared in the independent films Sa Aking Pagkakagising Mula Sa Kamulatan (2005) and Carnivore (2008), both directed by Ato Bautista and starring Carlo Aquino. In TV5, Marquez appeared in the sketch comedy show Lokomoko, which aired from 2008 to 2013 – the network's longest-running comedy show. He then played the titular superhero character in Kapitan Awesome (2012–2013), and became a cast member of Tropa Mo Ko Unli (2013–2015). He considers the 2015 sitcom Mac & Chiz as his "big break", where he co-starred as Chiz, alongside Derek Ramsay who played Mac. In 2017, Marquez returned to ABS-CBN and became part of the sketch comedy show Banana Sundae. He also appeared in the suspense thriller film Bloody Crayons (2017) as Gerard, the "clown" of the group of friends who travel to a remote island to make a short film, until they get killed one by one by a masked individual. Afterwards, Marquez co-starred in the romantic comedy film Kita Kita (2017), opposite to Alessandra de Rossi. He portrayed Tonyo, a plain-looking but kind-hearted OFW in Japan, who falls in love with a blind woman played by De Rossi. According to the film's co-producer Piolo Pascual, the role of Tonyo was "tailor-made" for Marquez. Against expectations, Kita Kita went on to become the highest-grossing Filipino independent film of all time, earning ₱300 million (approx. US$5.88 million) within three weeks of release. Due to the film's popularity, the entertainment media dubbed Marquez and De Rossi's pairing as "AlEmpoy". For his performance, he was nominated for the Gawad Urian for Best Actor. He also co-hosted the 41st Gawad Urian Awards ceremony with De Rossi and Butch Francisco. In July 2017, Marquez opened Wayback 90's, a 1990s-themed restobar in his hometown, Baliuag, Bulacan. In 2018, Marquez and De Rossi had supporting roles in the ABS-CBN series Since I Found You, which aired from April to August. That same year, in the comedy film Kusina Kings, Marquez and Zanjoe Marudo starred as a pair of chefs who attempt to save their restaurant by joining a reality show. Beginning in 2019, Marquez appeared in FPJ's Ang Probinsyano as Domingo "Domengsu" Suarez, an aspiring actor who is mistakenly arrested in a drug raid and later becomes a police informant. Also in 2019, he was reunited with De Rossi in the music video for "Pag-ibig Sa Tabing-Dagat" by Orange and Lemons. Marquez again co-starred with De Rossi in Walang KaParis, an Amazon Prime Video original film released in March 2023. The romantic drama is set in Paris and was directed by Kita Kita director Sigrid Andrea Bernardo. Filmography Television Year Title Role Network 2003 Magandang Tanghali Bayan Himself/Co-Host/Performer ABS-CBN 2005 Maynila Empoy GMA Network Bora: Sons Of The Beach ABS-CBN 2006 Super Inggo Petrang Kabayo 2007 Sineserye Presents: May Minamahal 2008 Kahit Isang Saglit Nestor 2008–2013 Lokomoko Himself TV5 2010 Kokey @ Ako Bubot ABS-CBN 2011 Star Confessions Presents: The Caloy Alde Story Teen Caloy TV5 Love Spell Presents Various Ang Utol Kong Hoodlum Epal 2012–2013 Kapitan Awesome Kapitan Awesome 2014 Tropa Mo Ko Unli Himself The Legal Wife Anjo ABS-CBN One of the Boys Aga Silang TV5 Wattpad Presents: His Secretary Denver 2015 Mac and Chiz Chiz Espinosa Happy Truck ng Bayan Himself/Host Happy Truck HAPPinas 2016 Carlo J. Caparas' Ang Panday Juro HAPPinas Happy Hour Himself/Host Wagas Juanito GMA News TV 2017 Goin Bulilit Himself/Guest ABS-CBN Banana Sundae Himself/Co-Host 2018 Since I Found You James Ribs 2019 Maalaala Mo Kaya: Jacket Dong Corpuz 2019–2020 FPJ's Ang Probinsyano Domingo "Domengsu" Suarez 2020 Eat Bulaga! Himself/Guest Contestant GMA Network 2021 Niña Niño Gardo TV5 2022 Bubble Gang Himself/Various roles GMA Network Jose & Maria's Bonggang Villa Johnny Family Feud Himself/Contestant Happy ToGetHer Emmanuel "Emman" Arturo Running Man Philippines Himself/Guest runner Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy ang Kuwento Pio Anong Meron Kay Abok? Abok Net 25 2023 Open 24/7 Jerico GMA Network Black Rider Oscar "Oka" Santos Abot-Kamay na Pangarap 2024 Sellblock May 4 Ever Net 25 Spy × Family Franky Franklin (voice) GMA Network Film Year Title Role Production Company 2003 Mr. Suave Mr. Takatak Star Cinema 2005 Sa Aking Pagkakagising Mula Sa Kamulatan Kahoy Une Bloc 2008 My Only You Romnick Star Cinema One Night Only Gudo OctoArts Films Carnivore Reality Entertainment Supahpapalicious Hercules Star Cinema 2009 Villa Estrella Otap Ang Tanging Pamilya: A Marry Go Round Ka-Bado 2010 Hating Kapatid Firecracker Buyer (as Empoy) Viva Films I Do Counselor Star Cinema Cinco Denden Ang Tanging Ina Mo (Last na 'To!) William (Seven's Husband) Paano na Kaya Kwek-Kwek 2011 Enteng ng Ina Mo William Star Cinema, M-Zet Productions, APT Entertainment, OctoArts Films 2014 Bride for Rent Javier Star Cinema Da Possessed Dadu Star Cinema, Regal Films 2017 Bloody Crayons Gerard Anderson Star Cinema Kita Kita Tonyo Viva Films, Spring Films The Barker Coco Blank Pages Productions 2018 Kusina Kings Benjie Star Cinema 2020 Hayop Ka! (You Son of a Bitch!) Jerry (voice) Rocketsheep Studio 2023 Walang KaParis Jojo Spring Films, Viva Films Penduko Pendro Penduko Viva Films Kidnap For Romance Fred Fruitcake Diego Cornerstone Studios and Create Cinema 2024 My Zombabe Pong Viva Films Spy × Family Code: White Franky Franklin (voice) Netflix Philippines Wit Studio and CloverWorks Key † Denotes films that have not yet been released Awards Year Award-Giving Body Category Work Result Ref 2018 Gawad Urian Best Actor Kita Kita Nominated 2018 Guillermo Mendoza Box Office Awards Breakthrough Movie Actor of the Year Kita Kita Won Breakthrough Movie Love Team with Alessandra de Rossi Kita Kita Won References ^ a b c d e f g h Lo, Ricky (August 6, 2017). "Kitang-kita: Kita mo, kita ko!". The Philippine Star (in English and Filipino). Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ a b c Espina, Cheska (July 8, 2017). "Kaye Abad gives Empoy a birthday surprise!". Star Cinema. ABS-CBN Corporation. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ "KILALANIN: Empoy, dating kontesero, ngayo'y patok na leading man". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). August 1, 2017. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ a b Bonoan, Reggee (July 7, 2017). "Empoy: Wala po akong anak…pero may kalaro ako!". Philippine Daily Inquirer (in Filipino). Bandera. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ Fernando, Jeff (August 3, 2017). "Alessandra, Empoy, binigyan ng malaking bonus". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ Cruz, Oggs (July 28, 2017). "'Kita Kita' review: brisk, whimsical and always delightful". Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ "Indie film takes realistic glimpse of Filipino youth". The Philippine Star. April 21, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ "Carlo Aquino wins Best Actor for "Carnivore" in Cinemanila". Philippine Entertainment Portal. October 21, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ Tuazon, Nikko (June 10, 2013). ""Lokomoko U" cast and crew thankful for 5-year run on TV5". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ Vibal-Guioguio, Peachy (December 1, 2014). "Paying it forward with Sari-Sari Stars". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ Blanco, Eunice (October 8, 2013). "'Tropa Mo Ko Unli' members give tips on doing gag shows". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ Sibonga, Glen (December 4, 2014). "Derek Ramsay will have Empoy as his twin brother on Mac & Chiz". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ Amoyo, Aster (August 5, 2017). "Empoy nag-ikot muna sa lahat ng network bago sumikat". The Philippine Star (in Filipino). Pilipino Star Ngayon. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ Cruz, Oggs (July 16, 2017). "'Bloody Crayons' review: So bad, it's fun". Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ Abunda, Boy (July 1, 2017). "Bloody Crayons: Worth the wait". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ Hsu, Marty (June 19, 2017). "Empoy shares details about his character in 'Bloody Crayons'". Star Cinema. ABS-CBN. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ Severino, Howie (August 5, 2017). "In 'Kita Kita', a win for plain-looking strivers with nerve". GMA News. GMA News. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ Villano, Alexa (August 3, 2017). "5 fun facts about the Alempoy movie 'Kita Kita'". Rappler. Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ "How Piolo almost took Empoy's role on 'Kita Kita'". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN News. July 18, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ "'Kita Kita' sets new record at the box office as highest grossing indie film". GMA News. August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ Abanilla, Clarizel (August 10, 2017). "'Kita Kita' now PH's highest grossing indie movie, surpasses 'Heneral Luna'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 13, 2017. ^ Afinidad-Bernardo, Deni Rose (April 17, 2018). "WATCH: Funny 'kilig' moments with Alempoy". The Philippine Star. The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 20, 2020. ^ a b "Full list: Winners, Gawad Urian Awards 2018". Rappler. June 14, 2018. Archived from the original on May 21, 2023. Retrieved December 1, 2023. ^ "Empoy, ipinasilip ang kanyang resto-bar sa Bulacan". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). ABS-CBN News. August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017. ^ "WATCH: 'Since I Found You' ends with Piolo-Arci wedding, 'AlEmpoy' engagement". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN News. August 11, 2018. Archived from the original on January 26, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020. ^ Hallare, Katrina (July 10, 2018). "WATCH: Empoy Marquez, Zanjoe Marudo bring humor to the kitchen in 'Kusina Kings'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 14, 2019. Retrieved February 20, 2020. ^ Dela Cruz, Liezel (May 28, 2019). "Behind-The-Scenes: Empoy Marquez bilang Domengsu sa FPJ's Ang Probinsyano". ABS-CBN. Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020. ^ Bodegon, Kara (July 22, 2019). "Orange & Lemons hit the beach with Empoy Marquez and Alessandra De Rossi in new 'Pag-ibig Sa Tabing-Dagat' music video – watch". bandwagon.asia. Bandwagon. Archived from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020. ^ Tomada, Nathalie (March 19, 2023). "Alessandra, Empoy revive their tandem in Walang KaParis". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023. ^ a b "LIST: Kapamilya stars who won at the 49th Guillermo Mendoza Box Office Awards". ABS-CBN News. May 6, 2018. External links Empoy Marquez at IMDb
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Philippine name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_name"},{"link_name":"middle name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_name"},{"link_name":"family name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ricky_Lo-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kaye-2"},{"link_name":"mononymously","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononymously"},{"link_name":"Kita Kita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kita_Kita"},{"link_name":"highest-grossing Filipino independent film of all time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Filipino_films_of_all_time"},{"link_name":"Gawad Urian for Best Actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawad_Urian_for_Best_Actor"},{"link_name":"Magandang Tanghali Bayan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTB_(Philippine_variety_show)"},{"link_name":"Mr. Suave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Suave"},{"link_name":"TV5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV5_(Philippines)"},{"link_name":"Lokomoko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomoko"},{"link_name":"Tropa Mo Ko Unli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropa_Mo_Ko_Unli"},{"link_name":"Kapitan Awesome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitan_Awesome"},{"link_name":"Mac & Chiz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_and_Chiz"},{"link_name":"Since I Found You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Since_I_Found_You_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Kusina Kings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusina_Kings"}],"text":"In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Ramos and the surname or paternal family name is Marquez.Julius Erman \"Empoy\" Ramos Marquez[1] (born July 3, 1981[2]), also known mononymously as Empoy, is a Filipino actor and comedian. He is best known for playing the male lead in Kita Kita (2017), the highest-grossing Filipino independent film of all time. His performance earned him a nomination for the Gawad Urian for Best Actor.After winning the Mr. Suave look-alike contest on Magandang Tanghali Bayan, he was awarded a minor role in the 2003 comedy film Mr. Suave. From 2003 to 2008, he had small roles in several films and television shows, where he was typecast as the comical sidekick. He also appeared in some independent films.Marquez then appeared in TV5's Lokomoko (2008–2013), Tropa Mo Ko Unli (2013–2015), and played the titular superhero character in Kapitan Awesome (2012–2013). He also portrayed Chiz in the 2015 sitcom Mac & Chiz. In 2018, he had a supporting role in the television drama Since I Found You and also co-starred in the film Kusina Kings.","title":"Empoy Marquez"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baliuag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baliuag,_Bulacan"},{"link_name":"Bulacan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kaye-2"},{"link_name":"mass communication","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_communication"},{"link_name":"DJ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_personality"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ricky_Lo-1"},{"link_name":"Mr. Suave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Suave"},{"link_name":"ABS-CBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABS-CBN_(television_network)"},{"link_name":"Magandang Tanghali Bayan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTB_(Philippine_variety_show)"},{"link_name":"Vhong Navarro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhong_Navarro"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ricky_Lo-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"MTB Ang Saya-Saya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTB_(Philippine_variety_show)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ricky_Lo-1"},{"link_name":"Star Magic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Magic"},{"link_name":"TV5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV5_(Philippines)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bandera-4"},{"link_name":"typecast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typecasting_(acting)"},{"link_name":"sidekick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidekick"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ricky_Lo-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"independent films","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_films"},{"link_name":"Carlo Aquino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Aquino"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bandera-4"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"sketch comedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketch_comedy"},{"link_name":"Lokomoko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomoko"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Kapitan Awesome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitan_Awesome"},{"link_name":"Tropa Mo Ko Unli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropa_Mo_Ko_Unli"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Mac & Chiz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_and_Chiz"},{"link_name":"Derek Ramsay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Ramsay"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ricky_Lo-1"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"sketch comedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketch_comedy"},{"link_name":"Banana Sundae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_Sundae"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"suspense thriller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspense_thriller"},{"link_name":"Bloody Crayons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Crayons"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"romantic comedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_comedy"},{"link_name":"Kita Kita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kita_Kita"},{"link_name":"Alessandra de Rossi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandra_de_Rossi"},{"link_name":"OFW","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ricky_Lo-1"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Piolo Pascual","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piolo_Pascual"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Gawad Urian for Best Actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawad_Urian_for_Best_Actor"},{"link_name":"41st Gawad Urian Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st_Gawad_Urian_Awards"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41Gawad-23"},{"link_name":"restobar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Since I Found You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Since_I_Found_You_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Kusina Kings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusina_Kings"},{"link_name":"Zanjoe Marudo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanjoe_Marudo"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"FPJ's Ang Probinsyano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPJ%27s_Ang_Probinsyano"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Orange and Lemons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_and_Lemons"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Amazon Prime Video original film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Amazon_Prime_Video_original_films"},{"link_name":"Sigrid Andrea Bernardo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigrid_Andrea_Bernardo"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"text":"Julius Erman Ramos Marquez was born in Baliuag, Bulacan on July 3, 1981.[2] He is the eldest among seven siblings, and his parents separated when he was in sixth grade. He earned his college degree in mass communication with the intention of becoming a DJ.[1]In 2003, Marquez won the Mr. Suave look-alike contest on ABS-CBN's Magandang Tanghali Bayan. Aside from the cash prize, he was also awarded a role in the film, which starred Vhong Navarro as the title character.[1][3] He also became a co-host of MTB Ang Saya-Saya for a year.[1]Marquez was signed to Star Magic from 2003 to 2007, and moved to TV5 in 2008.[4] During this time, he had small roles in several films and television shows where he was typecast as the comical sidekick.[1][5][6] He also appeared in the independent films Sa Aking Pagkakagising Mula Sa Kamulatan (2005) and Carnivore (2008), both directed by Ato Bautista and starring Carlo Aquino.[4][7][8]In TV5, Marquez appeared in the sketch comedy show Lokomoko, which aired from 2008 to 2013 – the network's longest-running comedy show.[9] He then played the titular superhero character in Kapitan Awesome (2012–2013), and became a cast member of Tropa Mo Ko Unli (2013–2015).[10][11] He considers the 2015 sitcom Mac & Chiz as his \"big break\", where he co-starred as Chiz, alongside Derek Ramsay who played Mac.[1][12]In 2017, Marquez returned to ABS-CBN and became part of the sketch comedy show Banana Sundae.[13] He also appeared in the suspense thriller film Bloody Crayons (2017) as Gerard, the \"clown\" of the group of friends who travel to a remote island to make a short film, until they get killed one by one by a masked individual.[14][15][16]Afterwards, Marquez co-starred in the romantic comedy film Kita Kita (2017), opposite to Alessandra de Rossi. He portrayed Tonyo, a plain-looking but kind-hearted OFW in Japan, who falls in love with a blind woman played by De Rossi.[1][17][18] According to the film's co-producer Piolo Pascual, the role of Tonyo was \"tailor-made\" for Marquez.[19] Against expectations, Kita Kita went on to become the highest-grossing Filipino independent film of all time, earning ₱300 million (approx. US$5.88 million) within three weeks of release.[20][21] Due to the film's popularity, the entertainment media dubbed Marquez and De Rossi's pairing as \"AlEmpoy\".[22] For his performance, he was nominated for the Gawad Urian for Best Actor. He also co-hosted the 41st Gawad Urian Awards ceremony with De Rossi and Butch Francisco.[23]In July 2017, Marquez opened Wayback 90's, a 1990s-themed restobar in his hometown, Baliuag, Bulacan.[24]In 2018, Marquez and De Rossi had supporting roles in the ABS-CBN series Since I Found You, which aired from April to August.[25] That same year, in the comedy film Kusina Kings, Marquez and Zanjoe Marudo starred as a pair of chefs who attempt to save their restaurant by joining a reality show.[26]Beginning in 2019, Marquez appeared in FPJ's Ang Probinsyano as Domingo \"Domengsu\" Suarez, an aspiring actor who is mistakenly arrested in a drug raid and later becomes a police informant.[27] Also in 2019, he was reunited with De Rossi in the music video for \"Pag-ibig Sa Tabing-Dagat\" by Orange and Lemons.[28]Marquez again co-starred with De Rossi in Walang KaParis, an Amazon Prime Video original film released in March 2023. The romantic drama is set in Paris and was directed by Kita Kita director Sigrid Andrea Bernardo.[29]","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Television","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Film","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Awards"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Lo, Ricky (August 6, 2017). \"Kitang-kita: Kita mo, kita ko!\". The Philippine Star (in English and Filipino). Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181006083220/https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2017/08/05/1725551/kitang-kita-kita-mo-kita-ko","url_text":"\"Kitang-kita: Kita mo, kita ko!\""},{"url":"http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2017/08/06/1725551/kitang-kita-kita-mo-kita-ko","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Espina, Cheska (July 8, 2017). \"Kaye Abad gives Empoy a birthday surprise!\". Star Cinema. ABS-CBN Corporation. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190222042152/https://starcinema.abs-cbn.com/2017/7/8/news/kaye-abad-gives-empoy-a-birthday-surprise-26993","url_text":"\"Kaye Abad gives Empoy a birthday surprise!\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Cinema","url_text":"Star Cinema"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABS-CBN_Corporation","url_text":"ABS-CBN Corporation"},{"url":"http://starcinema.abs-cbn.com/2017/7/8/news/kaye-abad-gives-empoy-a-birthday-surprise-26993","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"KILALANIN: Empoy, dating kontesero, ngayo'y patok na leading man\". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). August 1, 2017. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190222042207/https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/08/01/17/kilalanin-empoy-dating-kontesero-ngayoy-patok-na-leading-man","url_text":"\"KILALANIN: Empoy, dating kontesero, ngayo'y patok na leading man\""},{"url":"http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/08/01/17/kilalanin-empoy-dating-kontesero-ngayoy-patok-na-leading-man","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bonoan, Reggee (July 7, 2017). \"Empoy: Wala po akong anak…pero may kalaro ako!\". Philippine Daily Inquirer (in Filipino). Bandera. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://bandera.inquirer.net/157437/empoy-wala-po-akong-anak-pero-may-kalaro-ako","url_text":"\"Empoy: Wala po akong anak…pero may kalaro ako!\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquirer_Bandera","url_text":"Bandera"}]},{"reference":"Fernando, Jeff (August 3, 2017). \"Alessandra, Empoy, binigyan ng malaking bonus\". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/08/03/17/alessandra-empoy-binigyan-ng-malaking-bonus","url_text":"\"Alessandra, Empoy, binigyan ng malaking bonus\""}]},{"reference":"Cruz, Oggs (July 28, 2017). \"'Kita Kita' review: brisk, whimsical and always delightful\". Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/176386-kita-kita-movie-review-alessandra-de-rossi-empoy-marquez","url_text":"\"'Kita Kita' review: brisk, whimsical and always delightful\""}]},{"reference":"\"Indie film takes realistic glimpse of Filipino youth\". The Philippine Star. April 21, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/274714/indie-film-takes-realistic-glimpse-filipino-youth","url_text":"\"Indie film takes realistic glimpse of Filipino youth\""}]},{"reference":"\"Carlo Aquino wins Best Actor for \"Carnivore\" in Cinemanila\". Philippine Entertainment Portal. October 21, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pep.ph/guide/movies/2788/carlo-aquino-wins-best-actor-for-carnivore-in-cinemanila","url_text":"\"Carlo Aquino wins Best Actor for \"Carnivore\" in Cinemanila\""}]},{"reference":"Tuazon, Nikko (June 10, 2013). \"\"Lokomoko U\" cast and crew thankful for 5-year run on TV5\". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pep.ph/photos/3839/lokomoko-u-cast-and-crew-thankful-for-5-year-run-on-tv5","url_text":"\"\"Lokomoko U\" cast and crew thankful for 5-year run on TV5\""}]},{"reference":"Vibal-Guioguio, Peachy (December 1, 2014). \"Paying it forward with Sari-Sari Stars\". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/12/01/1397579/paying-it-forward-sari-sari-stars","url_text":"\"Paying it forward with Sari-Sari Stars\""}]},{"reference":"Blanco, Eunice (October 8, 2013). \"'Tropa Mo Ko Unli' members give tips on doing gag shows\". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2013/10/08/1242896/tropa-mo-ko-unli-members-give-tips-doing-gag-shows","url_text":"\"'Tropa Mo Ko Unli' members give tips on doing gag shows\""}]},{"reference":"Sibonga, Glen (December 4, 2014). \"Derek Ramsay will have Empoy as his twin brother on Mac & Chiz\". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/15012/derek-ramsay-will-have-empoy-as-his-twin-brother-on-mac--chiz","url_text":"\"Derek Ramsay will have Empoy as his twin brother on Mac & Chiz\""}]},{"reference":"Amoyo, Aster (August 5, 2017). \"Empoy nag-ikot muna sa lahat ng network bago sumikat\". The Philippine Star (in Filipino). Pilipino Star Ngayon. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.philstar.com/psn-showbiz/2017/08/05/1725251/empoy-nag-ikot-muna-sa-lahat-ng-network-bago-sumikat","url_text":"\"Empoy nag-ikot muna sa lahat ng network bago sumikat\""}]},{"reference":"Cruz, Oggs (July 16, 2017). \"'Bloody Crayons' review: So bad, it's fun\". Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/175685-bloody-crayons-movie-review-topel-lee","url_text":"\"'Bloody Crayons' review: So bad, it's fun\""}]},{"reference":"Abunda, Boy (July 1, 2017). \"Bloody Crayons: Worth the wait\". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2017/07/01/1715204/bloody-crayons-worth-wait","url_text":"\"Bloody Crayons: Worth the wait\""}]},{"reference":"Hsu, Marty (June 19, 2017). \"Empoy shares details about his character in 'Bloody Crayons'\". Star Cinema. ABS-CBN. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://starcinema.abs-cbn.com/2017/6/19/news/empoy-shares-details-about-his-character-in-blood-26215","url_text":"\"Empoy shares details about his character in 'Bloody Crayons'\""}]},{"reference":"Severino, Howie (August 5, 2017). \"In 'Kita Kita', a win for plain-looking strivers with nerve\". GMA News. GMA News. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/620781/in-kita-kita-a-win-for-plain-looking-strivers-with-nerve/story/","url_text":"\"In 'Kita Kita', a win for plain-looking strivers with nerve\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMA_News","url_text":"GMA News"}]},{"reference":"Villano, Alexa (August 3, 2017). \"5 fun facts about the Alempoy movie 'Kita Kita'\". Rappler. Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/175905-fun-facts-kita-kita-alessandra-de-rossi-empoy-marquez","url_text":"\"5 fun facts about the Alempoy movie 'Kita Kita'\""}]},{"reference":"\"How Piolo almost took Empoy's role on 'Kita Kita'\". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN News. July 18, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/07/17/17/how-piolo-almost-took-empoys-role-on-kita-kita","url_text":"\"How Piolo almost took Empoy's role on 'Kita Kita'\""}]},{"reference":"\"'Kita Kita' sets new record at the box office as highest grossing indie film\". GMA News. August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/chikaminute/621394/kita-kita-sets-new-record-at-the-box-office-as-highest-grossing-indie-film/story/","url_text":"\"'Kita Kita' sets new record at the box office as highest grossing indie film\""}]},{"reference":"Abanilla, Clarizel (August 10, 2017). \"'Kita Kita' now PH's highest grossing indie movie, surpasses 'Heneral Luna'\". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://entertainment.inquirer.net/238098/kita-kita-now-phs-highest-grossing-indie-movie-surpasses-heneral-luna","url_text":"\"'Kita Kita' now PH's highest grossing indie movie, surpasses 'Heneral Luna'\""}]},{"reference":"Afinidad-Bernardo, Deni Rose (April 17, 2018). \"WATCH: Funny 'kilig' moments with Alempoy\". The Philippine Star. The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 20, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2018/04/17/1806823/watch-funny-kilig-moments-alempoy","url_text":"\"WATCH: Funny 'kilig' moments with Alempoy\""}]},{"reference":"\"Full list: Winners, Gawad Urian Awards 2018\". Rappler. June 14, 2018. Archived from the original on May 21, 2023. Retrieved December 1, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230521122422/https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/204931-winners-list-gawad-urian-2018/","url_text":"\"Full list: Winners, Gawad Urian Awards 2018\""},{"url":"https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/204931-winners-list-gawad-urian-2018/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Empoy, ipinasilip ang kanyang resto-bar sa Bulacan\". ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). ABS-CBN News. August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/10/17/empoy-ipinasilip-ang-kanyang-resto-bar-sa-bulacan","url_text":"\"Empoy, ipinasilip ang kanyang resto-bar sa Bulacan\""}]},{"reference":"\"WATCH: 'Since I Found You' ends with Piolo-Arci wedding, 'AlEmpoy' engagement\". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN News. August 11, 2018. Archived from the original on January 26, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200126043418/https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/08/11/18/watch-since-i-found-you-ends-with-piolo-arci-wedding-alempoy-engagement","url_text":"\"WATCH: 'Since I Found You' ends with Piolo-Arci wedding, 'AlEmpoy' engagement\""},{"url":"https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/08/11/18/watch-since-i-found-you-ends-with-piolo-arci-wedding-alempoy-engagement","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hallare, Katrina (July 10, 2018). \"WATCH: Empoy Marquez, Zanjoe Marudo bring humor to the kitchen in 'Kusina Kings'\". Philippine Daily Inquirer. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 14, 2019. Retrieved February 20, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190414035830/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/282878/watch-empoy-marquez-zanjoe-marudo-bring-humor-kitchen-kusina-kings","url_text":"\"WATCH: Empoy Marquez, Zanjoe Marudo bring humor to the kitchen in 'Kusina Kings'\""},{"url":"https://entertainment.inquirer.net/282878/watch-empoy-marquez-zanjoe-marudo-bring-humor-kitchen-kusina-kings","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Dela Cruz, Liezel (May 28, 2019). \"Behind-The-Scenes: Empoy Marquez bilang Domengsu sa FPJ's Ang Probinsyano\". ABS-CBN. Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200124045624/https://entertainment.abs-cbn.com/tv/shows/angprobinsyano/photos/albums/73052829-behind-the-scenes-empoy-marquez-bilang-domengsu-sa-fpjs-ang-probinsyano","url_text":"\"Behind-The-Scenes: Empoy Marquez bilang Domengsu sa FPJ's Ang Probinsyano\""},{"url":"https://entertainment.abs-cbn.com/tv/shows/angprobinsyano/photos/albums/73052829-behind-the-scenes-empoy-marquez-bilang-domengsu-sa-fpjs-ang-probinsyano","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bodegon, Kara (July 22, 2019). \"Orange & Lemons hit the beach with Empoy Marquez and Alessandra De Rossi in new 'Pag-ibig Sa Tabing-Dagat' music video – watch\". bandwagon.asia. Bandwagon. Archived from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200220085823/https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/orange-and-lemons-empoy-marquez-and-alessandra-de-rossi-new-pag-ibig-sa-tabing-dagat-music-video-watch","url_text":"\"Orange & Lemons hit the beach with Empoy Marquez and Alessandra De Rossi in new 'Pag-ibig Sa Tabing-Dagat' music video – watch\""},{"url":"https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/orange-and-lemons-empoy-marquez-and-alessandra-de-rossi-new-pag-ibig-sa-tabing-dagat-music-video-watch","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Tomada, Nathalie (March 19, 2023). \"Alessandra, Empoy revive their tandem in Walang KaParis\". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230506222817/https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2023/03/19/2252623/alessandra-empoy-revive-their-tandemin-walang-kaparis","url_text":"\"Alessandra, Empoy revive their tandem in Walang KaParis\""},{"url":"https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2023/03/19/2252623/alessandra-empoy-revive-their-tandemin-walang-kaparis","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"LIST: Kapamilya stars who won at the 49th Guillermo Mendoza Box Office Awards\". ABS-CBN News. May 6, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/05/06/18/list-kapamilya-stars-who-won-at-the-49th-guillermo-mendoza-box-office-awards","url_text":"\"LIST: Kapamilya stars who won at the 49th Guillermo Mendoza Box Office Awards\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_Cayman_Islands
Premier of the Cayman Islands
["1 Constitutional background","2 List","3 See also","4 References","5 Further reading"]
Government position Premier of the Cayman IslandsArms of His Majesty's Cayman Islands GovernmentIncumbentJuliana O'Connor-Connollysince 15 November 2023StyleThe HonourableAppointerGovernor of the Cayman IslandsTerm lengthAt the governor's pleasureFormation8 November 1992First holderThomas Jeffersonas Leader of Government BusinessWebsiteOffice of the Premier Politics of the Cayman Islands Constitution Law Monarchy Sovereign Charles III Governor Jane Owen Executive Premier Julianna O'Connor-Connolly Legislative Parliament Speaker: Alden McLaughlin Elections Recent elections General: 2009201320172021 Political parties Cayman DemocraticParty (CDP) People's ProgressiveMovement (PDM) Administrative divisions Citizenship Belonger status British Overseas Territories citizen Passport Visa requirements Foreign relations Other countries vte The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government. The post of premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to chief minister or prime minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British overseas territory. Prior to 2009, the position was known as Leader of Government Business. The premier and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to King Charles III, to the Parliament of the Cayman Islands, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The premier earns a salary at Grade A5, the highest, in the Cayman Islands Civil Service Salary Scale, which was CI$234,900 per year (approx. US$290,000) as at 1 January 2021. The current premier is Juliana O'Connor-Connolly, since 15 November 2023. Constitutional background Until 2003 the position had no official recognition, but it was formalized by a constitutional amendment in June 2003, as the Leader of Government Business along with the Leader of the Opposition. Further constitutional amendments in 2009 modified the name to Premier. List (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)   Independent   CDP   PPM No. Portrait Name(Birth–Death) Term of office Political party Elected Notes Took office Left office Time in office Leaders of Government Business (non-statutory) (1992–2003) 1 Thomas Jefferson(1940–2006) 25 November 1992 26 April 1995 2 years, 152 days Independent 1992 2 Truman Bodden(born 1945) 26 April 1995 15 November 2000 5 years, 203 days Independent 1996 3 Kurt Tibbetts(born 1954) 15 November 2000 8 November 2001 358 days Independent 2000 First tenure 4 McKeeva Bush(born 1955) 9 November 2001 30 June 2003 1 year, 234 days Cayman Democratic Party — First tenure Leaders of Government Business (statutory) (2003–2009) 1 McKeeva Bush(born 1955) 30 June 2003 18 May 2005 1 year, 322 days Cayman Democratic Party — (2) Kurt Tibbetts(born 1954) 18 May 2005 27 May 2009 4 years, 9 days People's Progressive Movement 2005 Second tenure (1) McKeeva Bush(born 1955) 27 May 2009 5 November 2009 162 days Cayman Democratic Party 2009 Second tenure Premiers (2009–present) 1 McKeeva Bush(born 1955) 6 November 2009 19 December 2012 3 years, 43 days Cayman Democratic Party — 2 Julianna O'Connor-Connolly(born 1961) 19 December 2012 29 May 2013 161 days Independent — First tenure 3 Alden McLaughlin(born 1961) 29 May 2013 21 April 2021 7 years, 327 days People's Progressive Movement 20132017 4 Wayne Panton(born 1964) 21 April 2021 15 November 2023 2 years, 208 days Independent 2021 (2) Julianna O'Connor-Connolly(born 1961) 15 November 2023 Incumbent 216 days Independent — Second tenure See also List of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependencies Politics of the Cayman Islands Governor of the Cayman Islands References ^ https://legislation.gov.ky/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2020/2020-0048/ParliamentManagementAct_2023%20Revision.pdf ^ "Civil service salary scale". 18 January 2021. ^ "The Cayman Islands (Constitution) (Amendment) Order 2003". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 10 August 2020. ^ "Cayman Islands: Annual Review 1995" (PDF). Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office. 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021. ^ "Cayman Islands Legislative Assembly Official Hansard Report 2001 Session" (PDF). Cayman Islands Legislative Assembly. Retrieved 24 April 2021. ^ "Cayman Islands Legislative Assembly Official Hansard Report 2003/4 Session" (PDF). p. 438. Retrieved 24 April 2021. Further reading Cayman Islands Government Portal: "Message from the LoGB - The National Hurricane Plan" "Members of the Legislature (MLAs)" Election Office vteLeaders of Government Business and Premiers of the Cayman Islands Thomas Jefferson Truman Bodden Kurt Tibbetts McKeeva Bush Kurt Tibbetts McKeeva Bush Julianna O'Connor-Connolly Alden McLaughlin Wayne Panton Julianna O'Connor-Connolly vteCayman Islands articlesHistory Slavery Piracy Geography Climate Islands Grand Cayman Cayman Brac Little Cayman Towns and villages Wildlife Education Ministry of Education, Employment and Gender Affairs Stateschools John Gray HS Clifton Hunter HS Layman E. Scott Sr. HS Independentschools Cayman Int'l Cayman Prep & High Grace Christian Academy St. Ignatius Catholic Wesleyan Christian Academy Tertiary University College of the Cayman Islands International University of the Caribbean St. Matthew's University International College of the Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands Civil Service College Politics Elections Foreign relations Governor Law enforcement Monetary Authority Parliament Political parties Premier Economy Dollar (currency) Offshore finance Telecommunications Transport Owen Roberts Int'l Airport Charles Kirkconnell Int'l Airport Edward Bodden Airfield Cayman Airways Island Air Culture Anthem Coat of arms Demographics Diving Flag Music Sports Religion OutlineIndex Category vteHeads of governments of the British Overseas Territories and Crown DependenciesTerritoryHead of GovernmentGoverning party or coalition Government of AnguillaGovernment of BermudaGovernment of the British Virgin IslandsGovernment of the Cayman IslandsPolicy and Resources Committee of GuernseyGovernment of GibraltarGovernment of the Isle of ManGovernment of JerseyGovernment of MontserratGovernment of the Pitcairn IslandsGovernment of St HelenaGovernment of the Turks and Caicos Islands Ellis Webster (Anguilla Progressive Movement)Edward David Burt (Progressive Labour Party)Natalio Wheatley (Virgin Islands Party)Julianna O'Connor-Connolly (United People's Movement)Lyndon Trott (Future Guernsey)Fabian Picardo (Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party)Alfred Cannan (Independent)Lyndon Farnham (Independent)Easton Taylor-Farrell (Movement for Change and Prosperity)Simon Young (Independent)Julie Thomas (Independent)Washington Misick (Progressive National Party) Anguilla Progressive MovementProgressive Labour PartyVirgin Islands PartyUnited People's MovementNon-partisanGSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP and Libs)Non-partisanJersey AllianceMCAPNon-partisanNon-partisanProgressive National Party vteList of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependenciesSovereign stateDevolved nationsCrown DependenciesBritish Overseas Territories  United Kingdom: Sunak Northern Ireland: O'Neill and Little-Pengelly  Scotland: Swinney  Wales: Gething  Guernsey: Trott  Isle of Man: Cannan  Jersey: Farnham  Anguilla: Webster  Bermuda: Burt  British Virgin Islands: Wheatley  Cayman Islands: O'Connor-Connolly  Gibraltar: Picardo  Montserrat: Taylor-Farrell  Pitcairn Islands: Young  Saint Helena: Thomas  Turks and Caicos Islands: Misick This government job-related article is a stub. 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The post of premier in the Cayman Islands is the equivalent to chief minister or prime minister in other British Overseas Territories. It is the highest political level that can be attained within the British overseas territory. Prior to 2009, the position was known as Leader of Government Business.The premier and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to King Charles III, to the Parliament of the Cayman Islands, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate.The premier earns a salary at Grade A5, the highest, in the Cayman Islands Civil Service Salary Scale,[1] which was CI$234,900 per year (approx. US$290,000) as at 1 January 2021.[2]The current premier is Juliana O'Connor-Connolly, since 15 November 2023.","title":"Premier of the Cayman Islands"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Leader of the Opposition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_opposition"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Until 2003 the position had no official recognition, but it was formalized by a constitutional amendment in June 2003, as the Leader of Government Business along with the Leader of the Opposition.[3] Further constitutional amendments in 2009 modified the name to Premier.","title":"Constitutional background"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)","title":"List"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Message from the LoGB - The National Hurricane Plan\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.gov.ky/portal/page?_pageid=1142,1685229&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL"},{"link_name":"\"Members of the Legislature (MLAs)\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.gov.ky/portal/page?_pageid=1142,1481441&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL"},{"link_name":"Election Office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.electionsoffice.ky"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Premiers_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Premiers_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Premiers_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Leaders of Government Business and Premiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Cayman Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg"},{"link_name":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_(Caymanian_politician)"},{"link_name":"Truman Bodden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truman_Bodden"},{"link_name":"Kurt Tibbetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Tibbetts"},{"link_name":"McKeeva Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKeeva_Bush"},{"link_name":"Kurt Tibbetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Tibbetts"},{"link_name":"McKeeva Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKeeva_Bush"},{"link_name":"Julianna O'Connor-Connolly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly"},{"link_name":"Alden McLaughlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alden_McLaughlin"},{"link_name":"Wayne Panton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Panton"},{"link_name":"Julianna O'Connor-Connolly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cayman_Islands_topics"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cayman_Islands_topics"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cayman_Islands_topics"},{"link_name":"Cayman Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Slavery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean"},{"link_name":"Piracy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Geography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Grand Cayman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Cayman"},{"link_name":"Cayman Brac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Brac"},{"link_name":"Little Cayman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Cayman"},{"link_name":"Towns and villages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Wildlife","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Education, Employment and Gender Affairs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Employment_and_Gender_Affairs"},{"link_name":"Stateschools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"John Gray HS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gray_High_School"},{"link_name":"Clifton Hunter HS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton_Hunter_High_School"},{"link_name":"Layman E. Scott Sr. HS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layman_E._Scott_Sr._High_School"},{"link_name":"Independentschools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Cayman Int'l","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_International_School"},{"link_name":"Cayman Prep & High","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayman_Prep_and_High_School"},{"link_name":"Grace Christian Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Christian_Academy_(Cayman_Islands)"},{"link_name":"St. Ignatius Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Ignatius_Catholic_School_(Cayman_Islands)"},{"link_name":"Wesleyan Christian Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_Christian_Academy_(Cayman_Islands)"},{"link_name":"Tertiary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"University College of the Cayman 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arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Demographics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Diving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_diving_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Flag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Sports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sport_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Religion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Outline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"Index","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93related_articles"},{"link_name":"Category","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cayman_Islands"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BOT_and_Crown_Dependency_heads_of_governments"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BOT_and_Crown_Dependency_heads_of_governments"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BOT_and_Crown_Dependency_heads_of_governments"},{"link_name":"Heads 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Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands"},{"link_name":"Misick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Misick"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Applications-development.svg"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premier_of_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Gov-job-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Gov-job-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gov-job-stub"}],"text":"Cayman Islands Government Portal:\"Message from the LoGB - The National Hurricane Plan\"\n\"Members of the Legislature (MLAs)\"\nElection OfficevteLeaders of Government Business and Premiers of the Cayman Islands\nThomas Jefferson\nTruman Bodden\nKurt Tibbetts\nMcKeeva Bush\nKurt Tibbetts\nMcKeeva Bush\nJulianna O'Connor-Connolly\nAlden McLaughlin\nWayne Panton\nJulianna O'Connor-ConnollyvteCayman Islands articlesHistory\nSlavery\nPiracy\nGeography\nClimate\nIslands\nGrand Cayman\nCayman Brac\nLittle Cayman\nTowns and villages\nWildlife\nEducation\nMinistry of Education, Employment and Gender Affairs\n Stateschools\nJohn Gray HS\nClifton Hunter HS\nLayman E. Scott Sr. HS\nIndependentschools\nCayman Int'l\nCayman Prep & High\nGrace Christian Academy\nSt. Ignatius Catholic\nWesleyan Christian Academy\nTertiary\nUniversity College of the Cayman Islands\nInternational University of the Caribbean\nSt. Matthew's University\nInternational College of the Cayman Islands\nThe Cayman Islands Civil Service College\n\nPolitics\nElections\nForeign relations\nGovernor\nLaw\nenforcement\nMonetary Authority\nParliament\nPolitical parties\nPremier\nEconomy\nDollar (currency)\nOffshore finance\nTelecommunications\nTransport\nOwen Roberts Int'l Airport\nCharles Kirkconnell Int'l Airport\nEdward Bodden Airfield\nCayman Airways\nIsland Air\nCulture\nAnthem\nCoat of arms\nDemographics\nDiving\nFlag\nMusic\nSports\nReligion\nOutlineIndex\nCategoryvteHeads of governments of the British Overseas Territories and Crown DependenciesTerritoryHead of GovernmentGoverning party or coalition\nGovernment of AnguillaGovernment of BermudaGovernment of the British Virgin IslandsGovernment of the Cayman IslandsPolicy and Resources Committee of GuernseyGovernment of GibraltarGovernment of the Isle of ManGovernment of JerseyGovernment of MontserratGovernment of the Pitcairn IslandsGovernment of St HelenaGovernment of the Turks and Caicos Islands\n\nEllis Webster (Anguilla Progressive Movement)Edward David Burt (Progressive Labour Party)Natalio Wheatley (Virgin Islands Party)Julianna O'Connor-Connolly (United People's Movement)Lyndon Trott (Future Guernsey)Fabian Picardo (Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party)Alfred Cannan (Independent)Lyndon Farnham (Independent)Easton Taylor-Farrell (Movement for Change and Prosperity)Simon Young (Independent)Julie Thomas (Independent)Washington Misick (Progressive National Party)\n\nAnguilla Progressive MovementProgressive Labour PartyVirgin Islands PartyUnited People's MovementNon-partisanGSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP and Libs)Non-partisanJersey AllianceMCAPNon-partisanNon-partisanProgressive National PartyvteList of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependenciesSovereign stateDevolved nationsCrown DependenciesBritish Overseas Territories\n United Kingdom: Sunak\n\nNorthern Ireland: O'Neill and Little-Pengelly\n Scotland: Swinney\n Wales: Gething\n\n Guernsey: Trott\n Isle of Man: Cannan\n Jersey: Farnham\n\n Anguilla: Webster\n Bermuda: Burt\n British Virgin Islands: Wheatley\n\n Cayman Islands: O'Connor-Connolly\n Gibraltar: Picardo\n Montserrat: Taylor-Farrell\n\n Pitcairn Islands: Young\n Saint Helena: Thomas\n Turks and Caicos Islands: MisickThis government job-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Further reading"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_bees_(business)
Killer bees (business)
["1 See also","2 References"]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Killer bees" business – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: "Killer bees" business – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2021) Killer bees are firms or individuals that are employed by a target company to fend off a takeover bid. These include investment bankers (primary), accountants, attorneys, tax specialists, etc. They aid by utilizing various anti-takeover strategies, thereby making the target company economically unattractive and acquisition more costly. Corporations defend against these strategies using so-called 'shark repellents.' Examples of strategy implementation by third parties are poison pills, people pills, white knights, white squires, Pac-Man defense, lobster traps, sandbagging, whitemail, and greenmail. See also Economics Mergers and acquisitions Microeconomics Takeover Industrial organization References ^ a b Liberto, Daniel. "Killer Bees Definition". Investopedia. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
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[]
[{"title":"Economics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics"},{"title":"Mergers and acquisitions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions"},{"title":"Microeconomics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microeconomics"},{"title":"Takeover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeover"},{"title":"Industrial organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_organization"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Gibraltar
Kingdom of Gibraltar
["1 History","2 See also","3 References"]
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2022) This article or section appears to contradict itself. Please see the talk page for more information. (May 2024) Arms granted to the city of Gibraltar by a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo on 10 July 1502 by Isabella I of Castile The Kingdom of Gibraltar (Reino de Gibraltar) was one of the many historic substantive titles pertaining to the Castilian monarchy and its successor, the Spanish monarchy, belonging to what is known as Grand Title (Spanish: Título Grande). It was added to the monarchy titles by the king Henry IV of Castile, upon the addition of Gibraltar to the Crown patrimony in 1462. The title of "King of Gibraltar" was kept in the titles and honours of the Spanish Crown and is no longer among the titles of the present king, Felipe VI, as only the town of Gibraltar (the territory ceded was only 1% of the Spanish kingdom of Gibraltar) to the British Crown under Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht 1713. History During the Middle Ages, Gibraltar was part of the Moorish Taifa of Málaga in Al-Andalus. It was ruled by Abdul Malik, son of the Marinid dynasty, between 1333 and 1340. After an unsuccessful siege led by Alfonso XI of Castile during the Reconquista period, Emir Isa Ibn al-Hassam proclaimed himself "King of Gibraltar and its lands" in 1355. The kingship remained in Muslim hands for the next century. Gibraltar was finally captured by Castile on 15 December 1462 when it fell to an army led by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who expelled the Moors from the territory. King Henry IV of Castile, the brother of the later Queen Isabella I of Castile, rewarded the duke with the title of Marquess of Gibraltar and added the kingship of Gibraltar to the list of titles of the Castilian crown. The title can no longer be used by his successors as the territory was ceded to the Crown of Great Britain in perpetuity under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713. The United Kingdom, by contrast, takes the position that the treaty transferred sovereignty as well as possession. When Gibraltar was captured by an Anglo-Dutch fleet on behalf of the Archduke Charles, claimant to the Spanish throne, in 1704, the city council and most of the population left, founding in 1706 the nearby town of San Roque. The original royal warrant of 1502, which the city council took with it to San Roque along with Gibraltar's standard and records, is now in the San Roque municipal archives. San Roque still uses a modified version of the original coat of arms of Gibraltar to symbolise its connection with Gibraltar. As with the rest of the historic substantive titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, this title is not officially designated in the 1978 constitution, but the constitution notes that the title of the King is King of Spain and further grants the right to use "the others pertaining to the Crown" (los demás que correspondan a la Corona). This title is not "pertaining to the crown" of Spain. The Spanish Constitution has no competence to authorise the use of foreign titles belonging to other Monarchs. As the kingship of Gibraltar is no longer among the titles of the Spanish monarchy, it was customary for titles and arms of conquered territories to be omitted from British regnal claims. The title and arms can only properly be used by the British monarchy. In 2010 the government of Gibraltar issued coinage using the title "Queen of Gibraltar". The title now appears on most Gibraltar and UK government documents referencing the Queen in relation to Gibraltar, which is the British Queen Elizabeth II. Following the accession and proclamation of King Charles III in Gibraltar, Chief Minister Fabian Picardo has referred to the King as "King of Gibraltar", and on February 4, 2024, Gibraltar announced that they would present coins bearing the royal cypher of King Charles III at the Berlin Money Fair. See also List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown History of Spain History of Gibraltar References ^ a b Francisco López-Nieto y Mallo (2006). Honores y protocolo (in Spanish). EL CONSULTOR. p. 126. ISBN 84-7052-387-2. ^ Maurice Harvey (1996). Gibraltar. A History. Spellmount Limited. pp. 50–51. ISBN 1-86227-103-8. ^ Royal Styles: Spain ^ Juridical Facts as Sources of International Rights and Obligations, vol. 6 in International law in historical perspective, J. H. W. Verzijl, W. P. Heere, J. P. S. Offerhaus, p. 174. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1973. ISBN 90-286-0223-2 ^ Sharon Korman, The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice, p. 97. Oxford University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-19-828007-6 ^ Rock of Contention: A History of Gibraltar, George Hills, p. 176. Robert Hale & Company, 1974. ISBN 0-7091-4352-4 ^ "Arms of Gibraltar". Government of Gibraltar. Archived from the original on 2007-08-17. ^ The Dublin Review, p. 109, January–February–March 1969. Ed. Nicholas Patrick Wiseman ^ "No. 103/2010" (PDF) (Press release). Gibraltar: Government of Gibraltar. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2016-04-18. ^ "United Kingdom Partnership Agreement" (PDF). www.gov.uk. HM Government. 2014-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-18. The Governor of Gibraltar is the representative of the Queen of Gibraltar, Queen Elizabeth II. ^ "A 'seminal moment' in Gibraltar's history - Fabian Picardo reflects on the Proclamation of King Charles III". ^ Culatto, John (4 February 2024). "Gibralter to present it limited edition King Charles III coins at Berlin Money Fair". The Olive Press.
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Original_coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar.jpg"},{"link_name":"Isabella I of Castile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile"},{"link_name":"substantive titles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantive_title"},{"link_name":"Castilian monarchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_Castile"},{"link_name":"Spanish monarchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_monarchy"},{"link_name":"Spanish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-protocolo-1"},{"link_name":"Henry IV of Castile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"titles and honours of the Spanish Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_the_Spanish_Crown"},{"link_name":"Felipe VI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-protocolo-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Article X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Treaty_of_Utrecht_between_Spain_and_Great_Britain#ARTICLE_X"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Utrecht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht"}],"text":"Arms granted to the city of Gibraltar by a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo on 10 July 1502 by Isabella I of CastileThe Kingdom of Gibraltar (Reino de Gibraltar) was one of the many historic substantive titles pertaining to the Castilian monarchy and its successor, the Spanish monarchy, belonging to what is known as Grand Title (Spanish: Título Grande).[1] It was added to the monarchy titles by the king Henry IV of Castile, upon the addition of Gibraltar to the Crown patrimony in 1462.[2]The title of \"King of Gibraltar\" was kept in the titles and honours of the Spanish Crown and is no longer among the titles of the present king, Felipe VI,[1][3] as only the town of Gibraltar (the territory ceded was only 1% of the Spanish kingdom of Gibraltar) to the British Crown under Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht 1713.","title":"Kingdom of Gibraltar"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages"},{"link_name":"Gibraltar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar"},{"link_name":"Moorish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors"},{"link_name":"Taifa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa"},{"link_name":"Málaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1laga"},{"link_name":"Al-Andalus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus"},{"link_name":"Marinid dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinid_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Alfonso XI of Castile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile"},{"link_name":"Reconquista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista"},{"link_name":"Isa Ibn al-Hassam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isa_Ibn_al-Hassam&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Castile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile"},{"link_name":"Duke of Medina Sidonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Medina_Sidonia"},{"link_name":"Moors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors"},{"link_name":"Henry IV of Castile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile"},{"link_name":"Isabella I of Castile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile"},{"link_name":"Marquess of Gibraltar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquisate_of_Gibraltar"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Utrecht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-korman-5"},{"link_name":"Archduke Charles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"San Roque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Roque,_C%C3%A1diz"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"coat of arms of Gibraltar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar"},{"link_name":"British monarchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Charles III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III"},{"link_name":"Fabian Picardo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Picardo"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Charles III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III"},{"link_name":"Berlin Money Fair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.tradefairdates.com/World+Money+Fair-amp-M2799/Berlin.html"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"During the Middle Ages, Gibraltar was part of the Moorish Taifa of Málaga in Al-Andalus. It was ruled by Abdul Malik, son of the Marinid dynasty, between 1333 and 1340. After an unsuccessful siege led by Alfonso XI of Castile during the Reconquista period, Emir Isa Ibn al-Hassam proclaimed himself \"King of Gibraltar and its lands\" in 1355. The kingship remained in Muslim hands for the next century.Gibraltar was finally captured by Castile on 15 December 1462 when it fell to an army led by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who expelled the Moors from the territory. King Henry IV of Castile, the brother of the later Queen Isabella I of Castile, rewarded the duke with the title of Marquess of Gibraltar and added the kingship of Gibraltar to the list of titles of the Castilian crown. The title can no longer be used by his successors as the territory was ceded to the Crown of Great Britain in perpetuity under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713.[4] The United Kingdom, by contrast, takes the position that the treaty transferred sovereignty as well as possession.[5]When Gibraltar was captured by an Anglo-Dutch fleet on behalf of the Archduke Charles, claimant to the Spanish throne, in 1704, the city council and most of the population left, founding in 1706 the nearby town of San Roque.[6] The original royal warrant of 1502, which the city council took with it to San Roque along with Gibraltar's standard and records, is now in the San Roque municipal archives.[7] San Roque still uses a modified version of the original coat of arms of Gibraltar to symbolise its connection with Gibraltar.As with the rest of the historic substantive titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, this title is not officially designated in the 1978 constitution, but the constitution notes that the title of the King is King of Spain and further grants the right to use \"the others pertaining to the Crown\" (los demás que correspondan a la Corona). This title is not \"pertaining to the crown\" of Spain. The Spanish Constitution has no competence to authorise the use of foreign titles belonging to other Monarchs.As the kingship of Gibraltar is no longer among the titles of the Spanish monarchy, it was customary for titles and arms of conquered territories to be omitted from British regnal claims. The title and arms can only properly be used by the British monarchy.[8] In 2010 the government of Gibraltar issued coinage using the title \"Queen of Gibraltar\".[9] The title now appears on most Gibraltar and UK government documents referencing the Queen in relation to Gibraltar, which is the British Queen Elizabeth II.[10] Following the accession and proclamation of King Charles III in Gibraltar, Chief Minister Fabian Picardo has referred to the King as \"King of Gibraltar\",[11] and on February 4, 2024, Gibraltar announced that they would present coins bearing the royal cypher of King Charles III at the Berlin Money Fair.[12]","title":"History"}]
[{"image_text":"Arms granted to the city of Gibraltar by a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo on 10 July 1502 by Isabella I of Castile","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Original_coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar.jpg/150px-Original_coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar.jpg"}]
[{"title":"List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_the_Spanish_Crown"},{"title":"History of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain"},{"title":"History of Gibraltar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar"}]
[{"reference":"Francisco López-Nieto y Mallo (2006). Honores y protocolo (in Spanish). EL CONSULTOR. p. 126. ISBN 84-7052-387-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7052-387-2","url_text":"84-7052-387-2"}]},{"reference":"Maurice Harvey (1996). Gibraltar. A History. Spellmount Limited. pp. 50–51. ISBN 1-86227-103-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86227-103-8","url_text":"1-86227-103-8"}]},{"reference":"\"Arms of Gibraltar\". Government of Gibraltar. Archived from the original on 2007-08-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070817114100/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/about_gib/national_symbols/national_index.htm","url_text":"\"Arms of Gibraltar\""},{"url":"http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/about_gib/national_symbols/national_index.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"No. 103/2010\" (PDF) (Press release). Gibraltar: Government of Gibraltar. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2016-04-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/Press%20archives/Press%20Releases/2010/103-2010%20(1).pdf","url_text":"\"No. 103/2010\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar","url_text":"Gibraltar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Gibraltar","url_text":"Government of Gibraltar"}]},{"reference":"\"United Kingdom Partnership Agreement\" (PDF). www.gov.uk. HM Government. 2014-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-18. The Governor of Gibraltar is the representative of the Queen of Gibraltar, Queen Elizabeth II.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/368808/bis-14-1179-united-kingdom-partnership-agreement-part-one.pdf","url_text":"\"United Kingdom Partnership Agreement\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Government","url_text":"HM Government"}]},{"reference":"\"A 'seminal moment' in Gibraltar's history - Fabian Picardo reflects on the Proclamation of King Charles III\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gbc.gi/news/seminal-moment-gibraltars-history-fabian-picardo-reflects-proclamation-king-charles","url_text":"\"A 'seminal moment' in Gibraltar's history - Fabian Picardo reflects on the Proclamation of King Charles III\""}]},{"reference":"Culatto, John (4 February 2024). \"Gibralter to present it limited edition King Charles III coins at Berlin Money Fair\". The Olive Press.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2024/02/04/gibraltar-to-present-its-limited-edition-king-charles-iii-coins-at-berlin-money-fair/","url_text":"\"Gibralter to present it limited edition King Charles III coins at Berlin Money Fair\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://www.tradefairdates.com/World+Money+Fair-amp-M2799/Berlin.html","external_links_name":"Berlin Money Fair"},{"Link":"http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/royalstyle.htm#spain","external_links_name":"Royal Styles: Spain"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070817114100/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/about_gib/national_symbols/national_index.htm","external_links_name":"\"Arms of Gibraltar\""},{"Link":"http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/about_gib/national_symbols/national_index.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/Press%20archives/Press%20Releases/2010/103-2010%20(1).pdf","external_links_name":"\"No. 103/2010\""},{"Link":"https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/368808/bis-14-1179-united-kingdom-partnership-agreement-part-one.pdf","external_links_name":"\"United Kingdom Partnership Agreement\""},{"Link":"https://www.gbc.gi/news/seminal-moment-gibraltars-history-fabian-picardo-reflects-proclamation-king-charles","external_links_name":"\"A 'seminal moment' in Gibraltar's history - Fabian Picardo reflects on the Proclamation of King Charles III\""},{"Link":"https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2024/02/04/gibraltar-to-present-its-limited-edition-king-charles-iii-coins-at-berlin-money-fair/","external_links_name":"\"Gibralter to present it limited edition King Charles III coins at Berlin Money Fair\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_State_College_of_Aeronautics
Philippine State College of Aeronautics
["1 History","1.1 Former names","2 Campuses","3 Organization","3.1 Board of trustees","4 Academic programs","4.1 Institute of Engineering and Technology","4.2 Institute of Computer Studies","4.3 Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences","4.4 Institute of Graduate Studies","5 Publications","6 Notable alumni","7 References","8 External links"]
Coordinates: 14°31′36″N 121°01′25″E / 14.52655°N 121.02369°E / 14.52655; 121.02369Public college in Pasay, Philippines Philippine State College of AeronauticsKolehiyong Pampamahalaan sa Aeronautika ng Pilipinas (Filipino)Seal of the Philippine State College of AeronauticsFormer namesBasa Air Base Community College (1967–1977)Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics (1977–1992)TypeState College, Aviation SchoolEstablished1969; 55 years ago (1969)PresidentProf. Marwin M. Dela CruzVice-president List Dr. Rowena S. Navera (Academic Affairs)Darby P. Esperanzate (Administration and Finance) Dean List Engr. Jeq Zyrius P. Sudweste (OIC - Institute of Engineering and Technology)Bely B. Apostol, MEAM (Institute of Computer Studies)James Albert G. Obispo, J.D. (Institute of Liberal Arts and Science)Dr. Rene E. Bersoto (Institute of Graduate Studies)Asst. Prof. Garlie G. Gonzales (Student Affairs) DirectorDr. Roderick C. Santiago(Flying School)LocationPiccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay, Philippines (main campus)14°31′36″N 121°01′25″E / 14.52655°N 121.02369°E / 14.52655; 121.02369CampusUrban, approx. 16,500 m²Hymn"Oh Philsca Dear"Colors Blue  and  White NicknamePhilscans, Iron EagleAffiliationsCHEDCAAPCSCCOATESDAPRCSAEPAACUPPAFSCUAAUCLAAWebsitephilsca.edu.phLocation in Metro ManilaShow map of Metro ManilaLocation in LuzonShow map of LuzonLocation in the PhilippinesShow map of Philippines The Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA ; Filipino: Kolehiyong Pampamahalaan sa Aeronautika ng Pilipinas) is a state college in the Philippines specializing in aeronautics and aviation. Its main campus is in Pasay, Metro Manila, with other campuses located across the country: Floridablanca, Pampanga; Lipa, Batangas; and Lapu-Lapu City. It is the only institution in the Philippines that offers masters programs in aeronautical education and management. In 2012, PhilSCA was awarded by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) as the Number 1 Aeronautical School in the Country as it gained high percentage of board passers and for being Top 1 in the PRC Aeronautical Engineering Board Examination for almost 7 years in a row from 2004 until October 2012. History The school was initially established in 1968 as Basa Air Base Community College under AFP Regulation G.168-342 issued by the Armed Forces of the Philippines dated April 1968 under the Department of National Defense to address the problem plaguing the 5th Fighter Wing of the Philippine Air Force stationed at Basa Air Base, Floridablanca, Pampanga. In 1977, Basa Air Base College (BABC) established an annex in Nichols Air Base (currently Villamor Air Base) in Pasay known as BABC-Annex using the classroom of the Pasay City South High School for afternoon and evening classes. In the same year, a satellite campus was established in Fernando Air Base in Lipa, Batangas. Also in the same year, President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 1078 converting Basa Air Base Community College to Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics with its main campus at Villamor Air Base, Pasay, Metro Manila. Although with state college status, its charter did not provide for government subsidy as it was considered as a non-profit and non-stock educational institution. It was envisioned by Philippine Air Force authorities to be the Philippine Air Force Academy to solve its problem in the procurement and training of its officer pilots through the merging of the Philippine Air Force Flying School and the Philippine Air Force Regular Officer Procurement Program. In 1979, another satellite campus was established in Mactan Benito Ebuen Air Base Campus in Lapulapu City in Mactan, Cebu. On June 3, 1992, House Bill 26650 was signed into law as Republic Act. No. 7605 by then President Corazon C. Aquino converting Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics into a state college known as the Philippine State College of Aeronautics. In 1994, its Board of Trustees approved the creation of its own flight school that will train students for private pilot and commercial pilot. In 1997, it acquired its first trainer plane --- a SOCATA TB-9C Tampico aircraft (RP-2200) which was donated by Senator Raul Roco from his country-wide development fund and another was purchased for P10 million from PhilSCA Development Fund on June 3, 1992. In 2009, Dr. Enerico M. Sampang was dismissed as College President of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics by the Office of the Ombudsman and immediately replaced by Atty. Carmelita Yadao-Sison, CHED Deputy Executive Director as an OIC (Office in Charge) of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics. June 1, 2010, Dr. Bernard R. Ramirez, former Vice-President for Administration and Finance, was appointed as the new and 5th College President of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics replacing Atty. Carmelita Yadao-Sison as an OIC. On July 8, 2010, the college was transferred from its original location at Manlunas St. Villamor Air Base, Pasay (currently Newport City) to its new site at Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay (in front of South Luzon Expressway Sales Exit) On December 15, 2011, the PhilSCA-BAB campus made a groundbreaking ceremony of the newly donated lot for the relocation of the said campus at the Resettlement Area, in Floridablanca, Pampanga. When the said campus relocated to the new site, it was no longer BAB Campus, it became Basa Palmayo Campus. In June 2014, Governor Lilia Pineda inaugurated the new constructed two-storey building of the PhilSCA Basa-Palmayo campus funded by the local government of Pampanga through the approval of the Provincial Board Members. Former names Basa Air Base Community College (June 1969 to January 26, 1977) Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics (January 26, 1977, to June 3, 1992) Philippine State College of Aeronautics (June 3, 1992, to present) Campuses PhilSCA main campus in Villamor, Pasay Campus Campus Director Founded Address PhilSCA – Villamor Campus Prof. Marwin M. Dela Cruz 1977 Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay PhilSCA – Basa Air Base Campus Prof. Felix L. Alegado 1967 Basa Air Base, Floridablanca, Pampanga PhilSCA – Basa-Palmayo Extension Campus 2014 Palmayo Resettlement Area, Palmayo, Floridablanca, Pampanga PhilSCA – Fernando Air Base Campus Dr. Rowena S. Navera 1977 Fernando Air Base, Lipa, Batangas PhilSCA – Mactan Campus Dr. Warlito B. Caro 1979 B/Gen Benito N. Ebuen Air Base, Lapu-Lapu, Cebu PhilSCA – Mactan-Medellin Extension Campus 2014 Barangay Curva, Medellin, Cebu Upcoming campuses PhilSCA – Guimaras Organization Board of trustees Under the Republic Act 8292, Higher Education Modernization Act of 1997, the governing body of state universities and colleges is hereby in the Board of Regents for universities and in the Board of Trustees for colleges which shall be composed of the following: Board Member Chairperson Hon. Marita R. Canapi Commissioner, Commission on Higher Education Co-Chairperson Hon. Marwin M. Dela Cruz Ph. D. College President, Philippine State College of Aeronautics Member Hon. Joel Villanueva Chairperson, Senate Committee on Higher, Technical and Vocational Education Member Hon. Marquez Go Chairperson, House Committee on Higher and Technical Education Member Hon. Allen T. Paredes Commanding General, Philippine Air Force Member Hon. Karl Kendrick Chua Acting Secretary, National Economic and Development Authority Member Hon. Ramon A. Ragasa Representative, Private Sector Member Hon. Isidro T. Macaranas Representative, Private Sector Member Hon. Rolando F. Capacia Alumni Trustee Member Hon. Ramsey S. Ferrer Faculty Trustee/President, PhilSCA Federated Faculty Association Member Hon. Maria Arcela S. Maga Student Trustee/President, PhilSCA Supreme Student Council Federation Board Secretary Mrs. Ma. Sisa T. Dela Cruz, MaEd Academic programs Institute of Engineering and Technology Certified Approved Training Organization (ATO) by the CAAP Level II AACCUP accredited: Aeronautical Engineering and Aircraft Maintenance Technology Level I AACCUP accredited: Aviation Electronics Technology Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering (BSAeE) Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation major in Advanced Flying (BSAT) Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (BSAMT) Bachelor of Science in Aviation Electronics Technology (BSAET) Associate in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AAMT) Associate in Aviation Electronics Technology (AAET) Institute of Computer Studies Level II AACCUP accredited: Information Management major in Airline Operation Level II AACCUP accredited: Aviation Information Technology Bachelor of Science in Aviation Information Technology (BSAIT) Bachelor of Science in Aviation Information System (BSAIS) Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences Bachelor of Science in Aviation Communication major in Flight Operations (BSAvComm) Bachelor of Science in Supply Chain Management with specialization in Aviation Logistics (BSAvLog) Bachelor of Science in Aviation Tourism major in Travel Management (BSAvTour) Bachelor of Science in Aviation Safety and Security Management (BSAvSSM) Institute of Graduate Studies Master of Education in Aeronautical Management (MEAM) Master in Public Administration (MPA) specializing in Governmental and Airport Administration PhilSCA – Basa Palmayo, Floridablanca, Pampanga Publications The official student publication of the College is known as Aeronautica in Villamor Campus, Aerodite in Basa-Palmayo Campus, Aeropioneer in Fernando Air Base Campus and Aerotalk in Mactan Air Base Campus. Notable alumni Lt. Gen. William K. Hotchkiss III, AFP (Ret.) – Director General, Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) References ^ "Homepage". Philippine State College of Aeronautics. Retrieved August 21, 2020. ^ Direktoryo ng mga Ahensiya at Opisyal ng Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas (PDF) (in Filipino). Kagawaran ng Badyet at Pamamahala (Department of Budget and Management). 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2020. ^ JK. "Top 4 Aeronautical Engineering Schools in the Philippines 2011". Retrieved March 15, 2015. ^ "Presidential Decree No. 1078, s. 1977". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. January 26, 1977. Retrieved August 21, 2020. ^ "R.A. No. 7605: An Act Converting the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics into a State College to be Known as the Philippine State College of Aeronautics and for Other Purposes, Amending P.D. No. 1078 Entitled, "Converting the Basa Air Base Community College into the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics, Providing for a Charter for This Purpose"". The Corpus Juris. June 3, 1992. Retrieved August 21, 2020. ^ "INQUIRER.net". Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2015. ^ "Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PHILSCA)". Retrieved March 15, 2015. ^ "PHILSCA thanks Pampanga officials for P10-M building | Headline Gitnang Luzon". Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015. ^ "Pampanga guv opens 2 new PhilSCA buildings – Sun.Star". archive.sunstar.com.ph. July 16, 2012. ^ "Aviation school to open in Guimaras". Retrieved March 15, 2015. ^ "Aviation School in Guimaras to rise". Iloilo Metropolitan Times. Retrieved March 15, 2015. ^ "Aeronautica". Facebook. Retrieved March 15, 2015. ^ "Former Air Force general is new Civil Aviation Authority head". InterAksyon.com. Retrieved March 15, 2015. External links Media related to Philippine State College of Aeronautics at Wikimedia Commons Official website PAFCA Act – Presidential Degree 1078 converting Basa Air Base Community College into the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics. PhilSCA Act – Republic Act 7605 converting the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics into a state college to be known as the Philippine State College of Aeronautics. vteColleges and universities in Metro ManilaUniversitiesState universities Philippine Normal University Polytechnic University of the Philippines PUP Parañaque PUP Quezon City PUP San Juan PUP Taguig Rizal Technological University Technological University of the Philippines University of the Philippines Diliman University of the Philippines Manila Local universities City University of Pasay Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Quezon City University Taguig City University Universidad de Manila University of Caloocan City University of Makati Catholic universities Adamson University Ateneo de Manila University De La Salle Araneta University De La Salle University Our Lady of Fatima University San Beda University St. Paul University Manila St. Paul University Quezon City University of Asia and the Pacific University of Perpetual Help System University of Santo Tomas Other religious universities Philippine Christian University Trinity University of Asia New Era University Other private universities AMA Computer University Arellano University Centro Escolar University Las Piñas Makati Far Eastern University FEATI University José Rizal University Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila Central University Manuel L. Quezon University Mapúa University National University Philippine Women's University The University of Manila University of the East UE Caloocan CollegesState colleges Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology Marikina Polytechnic College Philippine Public Safety College Philippine State College of Aeronautics Local colleges Navotas Polytechnic College Catholic colleges Assumption College San Lorenzo Children of Mary Immaculate College Colegio de San Juan de Letran Colegio de San Lorenzo Colegio de Santa Rosa CSR Makati College of the Holy Spirit Concordia College De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde Don Bosco Technical College Immaculate Heart of Mary College-Parañaque La Consolacion College Manila LCC Novaliches Miriam College Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College Pasig Catholic College Perpetual Help College Saint Francis of Assisi College Saint James College Saint Joseph's College Saint Louis College Saint Mary's College St. Paul College of Makati St. Paul College Pasig Saint Rita College St. Scholastica's College San Beda College Alabang San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation San Sebastian College Santa Catalina College Santa Isabel College Siena College UST Angelicum College Other religious colleges Grace Christian College La Verdad Christian College Manila Adventist College Other private colleges Access Computer College Airlink International Aviation College Asia Pacific College Asian Institute of Computer Studies Asian Institute for Distance Education Asian Institute of Maritime Studies CAP College Foundation Center for Culinary Arts Central Colleges of the Philippines Chiang Kai Shek College Chinese General Hospital Colleges CIIT College of Arts and Technology De Los Santos – STI College Emilio Aguinaldo College Enderun Colleges FEU Alabang FEU Diliman FEU Institute of Technology Global City Innovative College Golden Link College iAcademy International Academy of Management and Economics Kalayaan College Manila Business College Manila Tytana Colleges Metropolitan Hospital College MFI Foundation National College of Business and Arts National Teachers College Olivarez College Open Source College PATTS College of Aeronautics Philippine College of Criminology Philippine College of Health Sciences Philippine Cultural College Philippine Merchant Marine Academy Philippine School of Business Administration PMI Colleges PNTC Colleges Roosevelt College Saint Jude College South Mansfield College South SEED LPDH College Southeast Asian College Southville International School and Colleges STI College STI-NAMEI Technological Institute of the Philippines Universal College Valenzuela City Polytechnic College Theological colleges Asian Seminary of Christian Ministries Asian Theological Seminary Christ the King Mission Seminary Maryhill School of Theology San Agustin Center of Studies San Carlos Seminary Postgraduate educationGraduate schools Adamson University Graduate School Alliance Graduate School Arellano University Graduate School Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication Asian Institute of Management Asian Social Institute Ateneo Graduate School of Business Ateneo School of Government Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Far Eastern University – Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation National Defense College of the Philippines San Beda College of Medicine South East Asia Graduate School of Theology University of the East Graduate School University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas Graduate School Law schools Arellano University School of Law Ateneo Law School De La Salle University College of Law Far Eastern University Institute of Law Philippine Law School PLM Graduate School of Law Polytechnic University of the Philippines College of Law San Beda College of Law University of the East College of Law University of the Philippines College of Law University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law See also: Higher education in the Philippines vteAviation schools in the Philippines Air Link International Aviation College FEATI University Holy Angel University PATTS College of Aeronautics Philippine State College of Aeronautics University of Perpetual Help System DALTA vteNational universities and colleges of the Philippines University of the Philippines Polytechnic University of the Philippines Technological University of the Philippines Philippine Normal University Philippine Merchant Marine Academy Philippine Military Academy Philippine National Police Academy Philippine State College of Aeronautics Mindanao State University vteState Colleges and Universities Athletic AssociationNCR EARIST MPC PNU PhilSCA PUP RTU TUP UP Luzon DMMMSU ISPSU MMSU NLPSC PSU UNP SUAbra ASC BSU IFSU KSU MPSPC BSC CSU ISU NVSU QSU ASCOT BPSU BASC BulSU CLSU DHVSU NEUST PSAU PMMA PRMSU TAU TSU BatSU CvSU LSPU SLSU URS MSU MinSU OMSU PSU RSU WPU BU UCN CBSUA CatSU DEBESMSCAT ParSU PSUB SorSU SEAUTech Visayas ASU CapSU CHMSU CPSU GSU ISAT-U ISUFST NISU NONESCOST TUPV UA WVSU BISU CNU CTU NOrSU SSC UP Cebu BiPSU ESSU EVSU LNU NwSSU PIT SSU SouthernLeyteStateU UEP VSU Mindanao JRMSU JHCSC MSU-Buug WMSU ZPPSU ZSCMST BukSU CPSC CMU MSU-IIT MSU-Naawan NMSCST USTP DOSC DNSC DSSC DOrSU SPAMAST USEP MSU-GSC SKSU USM ASSCAT CarSU NEMSU SSCT AMPSC BasSC CFCST CoSU MSU Main MSU-Maguindanao MSU-TCTO SSC TRAC
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Its main campus is in Pasay, Metro Manila, with other campuses located across the country: Floridablanca, Pampanga; Lipa, Batangas; and Lapu-Lapu City. It is the only institution in the Philippines that offers masters programs in aeronautical education and management.[citation needed]In 2012, PhilSCA was awarded by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) as the Number 1 Aeronautical School in the Country as it gained high percentage of board passers and for being Top 1 in the PRC Aeronautical Engineering Board Examination for almost 7 years in a row from 2004 until October 2012.[3]","title":"Philippine State College of Aeronautics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Armed Forces of the Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines"},{"link_name":"Department of National Defense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)"},{"link_name":"Floridablanca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridablanca,_Pampanga"},{"link_name":"Pampanga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga"},{"link_name":"Nichols Air Base","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichols_Air_Base"},{"link_name":"Pasay City South High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasay_City_South_High_School"},{"link_name":"Fernando Air Base","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Air_Base"},{"link_name":"Lipa, Batangas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipa,_Batangas"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand E. Marcos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_E._Marcos"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Lapulapu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapulapu"},{"link_name":"Mactan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mactan"},{"link_name":"Cebu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu"},{"link_name":"Corazon C. Aquino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_C._Aquino"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"SOCATA TB-9C Tampico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCATA_TB_family"},{"link_name":"Raul Roco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Roco"},{"link_name":"CHED","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Higher_Education_(Philippines)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Newport City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_City,_Philippines"},{"link_name":"South Luzon Expressway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Luzon_Expressway"},{"link_name":"Floridablanca, Pampanga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridablanca,_Pampanga"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"The school was initially established in 1968 as Basa Air Base Community College under AFP Regulation G.168-342 issued by the Armed Forces of the Philippines dated April 1968 under the Department of National Defense to address the problem plaguing the 5th Fighter Wing of the Philippine Air Force stationed at Basa Air Base, Floridablanca, Pampanga.In 1977, Basa Air Base College (BABC) established an annex in Nichols Air Base (currently Villamor Air Base) in Pasay known as BABC-Annex using the classroom of the Pasay City South High School for afternoon and evening classes.In the same year, a satellite campus was established in Fernando Air Base in Lipa, Batangas.Also in the same year, President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 1078 converting Basa Air Base Community College to Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics with its main campus at Villamor Air Base, Pasay, Metro Manila.[4] Although with state college status, its charter did not provide for government subsidy as it was considered as a non-profit and non-stock educational institution. It was envisioned by Philippine Air Force authorities to be the Philippine Air Force Academy to solve its problem in the procurement and training of its officer pilots through the merging of the Philippine Air Force Flying School and the Philippine Air Force Regular Officer Procurement Program.In 1979, another satellite campus was established in Mactan Benito Ebuen Air Base Campus in Lapulapu City in Mactan, Cebu.On June 3, 1992, House Bill 26650 was signed into law as Republic Act. No. 7605 by then President Corazon C. Aquino converting Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics into a state college known as the Philippine State College of Aeronautics.[5]In 1994, its Board of Trustees approved the creation of its own flight school that will train students for private pilot and commercial pilot. In 1997, it acquired its first trainer plane --- a SOCATA TB-9C Tampico aircraft (RP-2200) which was donated by Senator Raul Roco from his country-wide development fund and another was purchased for P10 million from PhilSCA Development Fund on June 3, 1992.In 2009, Dr. Enerico M. Sampang was dismissed as College President of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics by the Office of the Ombudsman and immediately replaced by Atty. Carmelita Yadao-Sison, CHED Deputy Executive Director as an OIC (Office in Charge) of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics.[6]June 1, 2010, Dr. Bernard R. Ramirez, former Vice-President for Administration and Finance, was appointed as the new and 5th College President of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics replacing Atty. Carmelita Yadao-Sison as an OIC.On July 8, 2010, the college was transferred from its original location at Manlunas St. Villamor Air Base, Pasay (currently Newport City) to its new site at Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay (in front of South Luzon Expressway Sales Exit)On December 15, 2011, the PhilSCA-BAB campus made a groundbreaking ceremony of the newly donated lot for the relocation of the said campus at the Resettlement Area, in Floridablanca, Pampanga. When the said campus relocated to the new site, it was no longer BAB Campus, it became Basa Palmayo Campus.[7][8]In June 2014, Governor Lilia Pineda inaugurated the new constructed two-storey building of the PhilSCA Basa-Palmayo campus funded by the local government of Pampanga through the approval of the Provincial Board Members.[9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Former names","text":"Basa Air Base Community College (June 1969 to January 26, 1977)\nPhilippine Air Force College of Aeronautics (January 26, 1977, to June 3, 1992)\nPhilippine State College of Aeronautics (June 3, 1992, to present)","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_State_College_of_Aeronautics_main_campus_(2019).jpg"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"PhilSCA main campus in Villamor, PasayUpcoming campusesPhilSCA – Guimaras[10][11]","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Organization"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Board of trustees","text":"Under the Republic Act 8292, Higher Education Modernization Act of 1997, the governing body of state universities and colleges is hereby in the Board of Regents for universities and in the Board of Trustees for colleges which shall be composed of the following:","title":"Organization"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Academic programs"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Institute of Engineering and Technology","text":"Certified Approved Training Organization (ATO) by the CAAP \nLevel II AACCUP accredited: Aeronautical Engineering and Aircraft Maintenance Technology \nLevel I AACCUP accredited: Aviation Electronics TechnologyBachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering (BSAeE)\nBachelor of Science in Air Transportation major in Advanced Flying (BSAT)\nBachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (BSAMT)\nBachelor of Science in Aviation Electronics Technology (BSAET)\nAssociate in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AAMT)\nAssociate in Aviation Electronics Technology (AAET)","title":"Academic programs"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Institute of Computer Studies","text":"Level II AACCUP accredited: Information Management major in Airline Operation \nLevel II AACCUP accredited: Aviation Information TechnologyBachelor of Science in Aviation Information Technology (BSAIT)\nBachelor of Science in Aviation Information System (BSAIS)","title":"Academic programs"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences","text":"Bachelor of Science in Aviation Communication major in Flight Operations (BSAvComm)\nBachelor of Science in Supply Chain Management with specialization in Aviation Logistics (BSAvLog)\nBachelor of Science in Aviation Tourism major in Travel Management (BSAvTour)\nBachelor of Science in Aviation Safety and Security Management (BSAvSSM)","title":"Academic programs"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jf9795Palmayo_Floridablanca_Pampangafvf_06.JPG"},{"link_name":"Floridablanca, Pampanga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridablanca,_Pampanga"}],"sub_title":"Institute of Graduate Studies","text":"Master of Education in Aeronautical Management (MEAM)\nMaster in Public Administration (MPA) specializing in Governmental and Airport AdministrationPhilSCA – Basa Palmayo, Floridablanca, Pampanga","title":"Academic programs"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"The official student publication of the College is known as Aeronautica[12] in Villamor Campus, Aerodite in Basa-Palmayo Campus, Aeropioneer in Fernando Air Base Campus and Aerotalk in Mactan Air Base Campus.","title":"Publications"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lt. Gen. William K. Hotchkiss III, AFP (Ret.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hotchkiss_III"},{"link_name":"Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_the_Philippines"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Lt. Gen. William K. Hotchkiss III, AFP (Ret.) – Director General, Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)[13]","title":"Notable alumni"}]
[{"image_text":"PhilSCA main campus in Villamor, Pasay","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Philippine_State_College_of_Aeronautics_main_campus_%282019%29.jpg/220px-Philippine_State_College_of_Aeronautics_main_campus_%282019%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"PhilSCA – Basa Palmayo, Floridablanca, Pampanga","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jf9795Palmayo_Floridablanca_Pampangafvf_06.JPG/200px-Jf9795Palmayo_Floridablanca_Pampangafvf_06.JPG"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Homepage\". Philippine State College of Aeronautics. Retrieved August 21, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.philsca.edu.ph/homepage","url_text":"\"Homepage\""}]},{"reference":"Direktoryo ng mga Ahensiya at Opisyal ng Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas (PDF) (in Filipino). Kagawaran ng Badyet at Pamamahala (Department of Budget and Management). 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/AboutDBM/2018/2018_filipino_version.pdf","url_text":"Direktoryo ng mga Ahensiya at Opisyal ng Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas"}]},{"reference":"JK. \"Top 4 Aeronautical Engineering Schools in the Philippines 2011\". Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.schoolsphilippines.com/2012/02/top-4-aeronautical-engineering-schools.html","url_text":"\"Top 4 Aeronautical Engineering Schools in the Philippines 2011\""}]},{"reference":"\"Presidential Decree No. 1078, s. 1977\". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. January 26, 1977. Retrieved August 21, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/01/26/presidential-decree-no-1078-s-1977/","url_text":"\"Presidential Decree No. 1078, s. 1977\""}]},{"reference":"\"R.A. No. 7605: An Act Converting the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics into a State College to be Known as the Philippine State College of Aeronautics and for Other Purposes, Amending P.D. No. 1078 Entitled, \"Converting the Basa Air Base Community College into the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics, Providing for a Charter for This Purpose\"\". The Corpus Juris. June 3, 1992. Retrieved August 21, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-7605.php","url_text":"\"R.A. No. 7605: An Act Converting the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics into a State College to be Known as the Philippine State College of Aeronautics and for Other Purposes, Amending P.D. No. 1078 Entitled, \"Converting the Basa Air Base Community College into the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics, Providing for a Charter for This Purpose\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"INQUIRER.net\". Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130222030635/http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/05/26/html_output/xmlhtml/20090525-207092-xml.html","url_text":"\"INQUIRER.net\""},{"url":"http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/05/26/html_output/xmlhtml/20090525-207092-xml.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PHILSCA)\". Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.pampanga.gov.ph/index.php/philippine-state-college-of-aeronautics-philsca/","url_text":"\"Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PHILSCA)\""}]},{"reference":"\"PHILSCA thanks Pampanga officials for P10-M building | Headline Gitnang Luzon\". Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025412/http://www.headlinegl.com/philsca-thanks-pampanga-officials-for-p10-m-building/","url_text":"\"PHILSCA thanks Pampanga officials for P10-M building | Headline Gitnang Luzon\""},{"url":"http://www.headlinegl.com/philsca-thanks-pampanga-officials-for-p10-m-building/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Pampanga guv opens 2 new PhilSCA buildings – Sun.Star\". archive.sunstar.com.ph. July 16, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://archive.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2014/06/11/guv-opens-2-new-philsca-buildings-347763","url_text":"\"Pampanga guv opens 2 new PhilSCA buildings – Sun.Star\""}]},{"reference":"\"Aviation school to open in Guimaras\". Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/24928-aviation-school-to-open-in-guimaras","url_text":"\"Aviation school to open in Guimaras\""}]},{"reference":"\"Aviation School in Guimaras to rise\". Iloilo Metropolitan Times. Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.iloilometropolitantimes.com/aviation-school-in-guimaras-to-rise/","url_text":"\"Aviation School in Guimaras to rise\""}]},{"reference":"\"Aeronautica\". Facebook. Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.facebook.com/iAeronautica","url_text":"\"Aeronautica\""}]},{"reference":"\"Former Air Force general is new Civil Aviation Authority head\". InterAksyon.com. Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.interaksyon.com/article/35420/former-air-force-general-is-new-civil-aviation-authority-head","url_text":"\"Former Air Force general is new Civil Aviation Authority head\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Philippine_State_College_of_Aeronautics&params=14.52655_N_121.02369_E_dim:30_region:PH_type:edu","external_links_name":"14°31′36″N 121°01′25″E / 14.52655°N 121.02369°E / 14.52655; 121.02369"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Philippine_State_College_of_Aeronautics&params=14.52655_N_121.02369_E_dim:30_region:PH_type:edu","external_links_name":"14°31′36″N 121°01′25″E / 14.52655°N 121.02369°E / 14.52655; 121.02369"},{"Link":"http://philsca.edu.ph/","external_links_name":"philsca.edu.ph"},{"Link":"http://www.philsca.edu.ph/homepage","external_links_name":"\"Homepage\""},{"Link":"https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/AboutDBM/2018/2018_filipino_version.pdf","external_links_name":"Direktoryo ng mga Ahensiya at Opisyal ng Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas"},{"Link":"http://www.schoolsphilippines.com/2012/02/top-4-aeronautical-engineering-schools.html","external_links_name":"\"Top 4 Aeronautical Engineering Schools in the Philippines 2011\""},{"Link":"https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/01/26/presidential-decree-no-1078-s-1977/","external_links_name":"\"Presidential Decree No. 1078, s. 1977\""},{"Link":"https://thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-7605.php","external_links_name":"\"R.A. No. 7605: An Act Converting the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics into a State College to be Known as the Philippine State College of Aeronautics and for Other Purposes, Amending P.D. No. 1078 Entitled, \"Converting the Basa Air Base Community College into the Philippine Air Force College of Aeronautics, Providing for a Charter for This Purpose\"\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20130222030635/http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/05/26/html_output/xmlhtml/20090525-207092-xml.html","external_links_name":"\"INQUIRER.net\""},{"Link":"http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/05/26/html_output/xmlhtml/20090525-207092-xml.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://news.pampanga.gov.ph/index.php/philippine-state-college-of-aeronautics-philsca/","external_links_name":"\"Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PHILSCA)\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025412/http://www.headlinegl.com/philsca-thanks-pampanga-officials-for-p10-m-building/","external_links_name":"\"PHILSCA thanks Pampanga officials for P10-M building | Headline Gitnang Luzon\""},{"Link":"http://www.headlinegl.com/philsca-thanks-pampanga-officials-for-p10-m-building/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://archive.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2014/06/11/guv-opens-2-new-philsca-buildings-347763","external_links_name":"\"Pampanga guv opens 2 new PhilSCA buildings – Sun.Star\""},{"Link":"http://www.thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/24928-aviation-school-to-open-in-guimaras","external_links_name":"\"Aviation school to open in Guimaras\""},{"Link":"http://www.iloilometropolitantimes.com/aviation-school-in-guimaras-to-rise/","external_links_name":"\"Aviation School in Guimaras to rise\""},{"Link":"https://www.facebook.com/iAeronautica","external_links_name":"\"Aeronautica\""},{"Link":"http://www.interaksyon.com/article/35420/former-air-force-general-is-new-civil-aviation-authority-head","external_links_name":"\"Former Air Force general is new Civil Aviation Authority head\""},{"Link":"http://www.philsca.edu.ph/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno1078.html#.UMKcq-Q05k0","external_links_name":"PAFCA Act"},{"Link":"http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno7605.html#.UMKbGeQ05k0","external_links_name":"PhilSCA Act"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Behrens
Manfred Behrens
["1 Early life and career","2 Political career","3 References"]
German politician Manfred BehrensMember of the BundestagIn office2009–2021 Personal detailsBorn (1956-10-28) 28 October 1956 (age 67)Magdeburg, East Germany(now Germany)CitizenshipGermanPolitical partyCDU Manfred Behrens (born 28 October 1956) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a Member of the German Bundestag for Saxony-Anhalt from 2009 until 2021. Early life and career Manfred Behrens was born in Magdeburg. He completed an apprenticeship as a car mechanic and worked in the catering industry before being elected mayor of Ebendorf (Barleben) in 1990. Since 1992, Behrens is a member of the CDU, since 2004 Chairman of the CDU local associations Barleben / Ebendorf / Meitzendorf. In 1999 he also moved to the district council for the CDU. From 2001 to 2003, he worked as an employee of the state parliament of Saxony-Anhalt. Political career In the German federal elections on 27 September 2009, Behrens won the direct mandate in the Bundestag constituency Börde - Jerichower Land and became a member of the German Bundestag. In the 17th legislature, he was full member of the Interior Committee and deputy member of the Committee on Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. In the 2013 federal elections, Behrens again won the direct mandate for his constituency. He subsequently became a member of the Committee on Transport and Digital Infrastructure, where he served as his parliamentary group’s rapporteur on for accessibility and consumer protection, and a deputy member of the Committee on Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. In the 2017 federal elections, he won his constituency again. In addition to his committee assignments, Behrens was a member of the German-Canadian Parliamentary Friendship Group and of the Parliamentary Friendship Group for the States of East Africa, which is in charge of maintaining inter-parliamentary relations with Ethiopia, Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. Behrens decided to run again in the 2021 German federal election. References ^ a b Manfred Behrens (Börde), CDU/CSU, Bundestag.de ^ Wahl des 17. Deutschen Bundestages am 27. September 2009, Ergebnisse in Sachsen-Anhalt, stala.de ^ Michael Bock (29 September 2020). "Kees de Vries verliert bei Nominierung". Volksstimme.de (in German). Volksstimme Magdeburg. Links to related articles vte Members of the 17th Bundestag (2009–2013)President: Norbert Lammert (CDU)CDU/CSUvte CDU/CSUSpeaker: Volker Kauder CDU: Altmaier Bareiß Barthle Baumann Beck Behrens Bellmann Bergner Beyer Bilger Binninger Bleser Böhmer Börnsen Bosbach Brackmann Brähmig Brand Brandt Brauksiepe Braun Brehmer Brinkhaus Caesar Connemann Dautzenberg de Maizière Dörflinger Dött Feist Ferlemann Fischbach Fischer Fischer Fischer Flachsbarth Flosbach Fritz Fuchs Fuchtel Funk Gädechens Gebhart Gerig Gienger Götz Granold Grindel Gröhe Grosse-Brömer Grotelüschen Grübel Grund Grütters Gutting Haibach Harbarth Hardt Heider Heiderich Heil Heinen-Esser Heinrich Henke Hennrich Herrmann Heveling Hintze Hirte Hochbaum Holzenkamp Hörster Hübinger Hüppe Jarzombek Jasper Jung Jung Jüttner Kammer Kampeter Kaster Kauder Kauder Kaufmann Kiesewetter von Klaeden Klamt Klein Klimke Klöckner Knoerig Koeppen Kolbe Koschorrek Kossendey Kretschmer Krichbaum Krings Krogmann Kruse Kudla Kues Lach Lamers Lämmel Lammert Landgraf von der Leyen Liebing Lietz Linnemann Lips Luczak Luther Maag von der Marwitz Mattfeldt Meister Merkel Michalk Middelberg Mißfelder Monstadt Müller Murmann Neumann Noll Otte Paul Pawelski Petzold Pfeiffer Pfeiffer Philipp Pofalla Poland Polenz Pols Puttrich Rachel Rehberg Reiche Riebsamen Rief Riegert Riesenhuber Röring Röttgen Rüddel Schäfer Schäuble Schavan Schiewerling Schindler Schipanski Schirmbeck Schnieder Schockenhoff Schröder Schröder Schulte-Drüggelte Schummer Schuster Seif Selle Sendker Sensburg Siebert Spahn Stauche Steffel Steinbach von Stetten Stier Storjohann Strenz Strobl Strothmann Stübgen Tauber Tillmann Vaatz Vogel Vogelsang Voßhoff Wadephul Wanderwitz Wegner Weinberg Weiss Weiß Wellenreuther Wellmann Wichtel Widmann-Mauz Willsch Winkelmeier-Becker Zimmer Zylajew CSU: Aigner Aumer Bär Brandl Dobrindt Frankenhauser Friedrich Frieser Gauweiler Geis Glos Göppel Götzer zu Guttenberg Hahn Hasselfeldt Hinsken Holmeier Kalb Karl Koschyk Lange Lehmer Lehrieder Mayer Michelbach Mortler Müller Müller Nüßlein Obermeier Oswald Raab Ramsauer Ruck Rupprecht Scheuer Schmidt Silberhorn Singhammer Stracke Straubinger Uhl Wöhrl Zöller SPDvte SPDSpeaker: Frank-Walter Steinmeier Members: Arndt-Brauer Arnold Barchmann Barnett Bartels Barthel Bartol Bas Bätzing-Lichtenthäler Becker Beckmeyer Binding Bollmann Brandner Brase Brinkmann Bulmahn Bülow Burchardt Burkert Crone Danckert Dörmann Drobinski-Weiß Duin Edathy Egloff Ehrmand Erler Ernstberger Evers-Meyer Ferner Fograscher Franke Freitag Friedrich Gabriel Gerdes Gerster Gleicke Gloser Gottschalck Graf Griese Groneberg Groschek Groß Gunkel Hacker Hagedorn Hagemann Hartmann Heil Hellmich Hempelmann Hendricks Herzog Hiller-Ohm Hinz Hofmann Högl Humme Juratović Kaczmarek Kahrs Kastner Kelber Klingbeil Klose Klug Kofler Kolbe Körper Kramme Kressl Krüger-Leißner Kumpf Lambrecht Lange Lauterbach Lemme Lischka Lösekrug-Möller Lühmann Marks Mast Mattheis Merkel Meßmer Miersch Müntefering Mützenich Nahles Nietan Nink Oppermann Ortel Özoğuz Paula Pflug Poß Priesmeier Pronold Raabe Rawert Rebmann Reichenbach Reimann Rix Röspel Rossmann Roth Roth Rupprecht Sawade Schaaf Schäfer Scheelen Scheer Schieder Schieder Schmidt Schmidt Schneider Scholz Schreiner Schulz Schurer Schwabe Schwall-Düren Schwanholz Schwanitz Schwartze Schwarzelühr-Sutter Sieling Steffen Steinbrück Steinmeier Strässer Tack Thierse Thönnes Tiefensee Veit Vogt Volkmer Wicklein Wieczorek-Zeul Wiefelspütz Wolff Zapf Ziegler Zöllmer Zypries FDPvte FDPSpeaker: Birgit Homburger and Rainer Brüderle Members: Ackermann Ahrendt Aschenberg-Dugnus Bahr Bernschneider Blumenthal Bögel Bracht-Bendt Breil Brüderle Brunkhorst Burgbacher Buschmann Canel Daub Deutschmann Djir-Sarai Döring Drexler Dyckmans Ehrenberg Erdel van Essen Flach Fricke Friedhoff Geisen Gerhardt Goldmann Golombeck Gruß Günther Happach-Kasan Haustein Höferlin Hoff Homburger Hoyer Kamp Kauch Knopek Kober Kolb Königshaus Kopp Koppelin Körber Krestel Kurth Lanfermann Laurischk Leibrecht Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger Lindemann Lindner Lindner Link Lotter Luksic Meierhofer Meinhardt Molitor Mücke Müller Müller-Sönksen Neumann Niebel Otto Pieper Piltz von Polheim Ratjen-Damerau Reinemund Reinhold Röhlinger Ruppert Sänger Schäffler Schnurr Schulz Schuster Schweickert Simmling Skudelny Solms Spatz Stadler Staffeldt Stinner Thiele Thomae Todtenhausen Toncar Tören Vogel Volk Westerwelle Winterstein Wissing Wolff LINKEvte LINKESpeaker: Gregor Gysi Members: Alpers Bartsch Behrens Binder Birkwald Bluhm Bockhahn Buchholz Bulling-Schröter Bunge Claus Dağdelen Dehm-Desoi Dittrich Dreibus Enkelmann Ernst Gehrcke-Reymann Gohlke Golze Groth Gysi Hänsel Hein Höger Höll Hunko Jelpke Jochimsen Kipping Koch Korte Krellmann Kunert Lafontaine Lay Leidig Lenkert Leutert Liebich Lötzer Lötzsch Lutze Maurer Menzner Möhring Möller Movassat Naumann Nord Pau Petermann Pitterle Ploetz Remmers Schäfer Schlecht Schui Seifert Senger-Schäfer Sharma Sitte Stüber Süßmair Tackmann Tempel Troost Ulrich van Aken Vogler Voß Wagenknecht Wawzyniak Weinberg Werner Wunderlich Zimmermann GRÜNEvte GRUENESpeaker: Renate Künast and Jürgen Trittin Members: Andreae Beck Beck Behm Bender Bonde Deligöz Dörner Ebner Fell Gambke Gehring Göring-Eckardt Haßelmann Herlitzius Hermann Hinz Höfken-Deipenbrock Hofreiter Höhn Hönlinger Hoppe Kekeritz Keul Kieckbusch Kilic Kindler Klein-Schmeink Koczy Koenigs Kotting-Uhl Krischer Krumwiede Kuhn Kühn Künast Kurth Kurth Lazar Lindner Maisch Malczak Montag Müller Müller-Gemmeke Nestle Nouripour Ostendorff Ott Paus Pothmer Rößner Roth Sager Sarrazin Scharfenberg Scheel Schick Schmidt Schneider Seiler Steiner Strengmann-Kuhn Ströbele Terpe Tressel Trittin von Cramon-Taubadel von Notz Wagner Wagner Walter-Rosenheimer Wieland Wilms Winkler OTHERvteIndependent Members: Nešković List of members of the 17th Bundestag vte Members of the 18th Bundestag (2013–2017)President: Norbert Lammert (CDU)CDU/CSUvte CDU/CSUSpeaker: Volker Kauder CDU: Albani Altmaier Bareiß Barthle Baumann Beermann Behrens Bellmann Benning Berghegger Bergner Bertram Beyer Bilger Binninger Bleser Böhmer Bosbach Brackmann Brähmig Brand Brandt Brauksiepe Braun Brehmer Brinkhaus Caesar Connemann Dinges-Dierig Donth Dörflinger Dött Eckenbach Färber Feiler Feist Ferlemann Fischbach Fischer Fischer Flachsbarth Flosbach Frei Fuchs Fuchtel Funk Gädechens Gebhart Gerig Gienger Giousouf Grindel Groden-Kranich Gröhe Gröhler Grosse-Brömer Grotelüschen Grübel Grund Grundmann Grütters Gundelach Güntzler Gutting Haase Hajek Harbarth Hardt Hauer Hauptmann Heck Heider Heiderich Heil Heinrich Helfrich Heller Hellmuth Henke Hennrich Herdan Heveling Hintze Hinz Hirte Hirte Hochbaum Hoffmann Holzenkamp Hoppenstedt Horb Höschel Hornhues Huber Hübinger Hüppe Jarzombek Jepsen Jörrißen Jung Jung Jung Jüttner Kammer Kampeter Kanitz Karliczek Kaster Kauder Kaufmann Kemmer Kiesewetter Kippels Klein Klimke Knoerig Koeppen Koob Körber Kovac Kretschmer Krichbaum Krings Kruse Kudla Kühne Lach Lagosky Lamers Lämmel Lammert Landgraf Leikert Lengsfeld Leyen Lezius Liebing Lietz Linnemann Lips Lorenz Lücking-Michel Luczak Maag Magwas Mahlberg Maizière Manderla Marschall Marwitz Mattfeldt Meister Merkel Metzler Michalk Middelberg Mißfelder Monstadt Möring Mosblech Motschmann Müller Murmann Nick Noll Nowak Oellers Ostermann Otte Pahlmann Pantel Patzelt Pätzold Petzold Pfeiffer Pfeiffer Pofalla Pols Rachel Radomski Rehberg Reiche Riebsamen Rief Riesenhuber Ripsam Röring Rösel Röttgen Rüddel Schäfer Schäuble Schavan Schiewerling Schimke Schindler Schipanski Schmelzle Schmidt Schnieder Schockenhoff Schön Schröder Schröder Schulte-Drüggelte Schulze Schummer Schuster Schwarzer Seif Selle Sendker Sensburg Siebert Sorge Spahn Stauche Steffel Stegemann Stein Steineke Steiniger Stetten Stier Stockhofe Storjohann Strenz Stritzl Strobl Strothmann Stübgen Sütterlin-Waack Tauber Tillmann Timmermann-Fechter Uhl Vaatz Veith Viesehon Vietz Vogel Volmering Voßbeck-Kayser Vries Wadephul Wanderwitz Wange Warken Wegner Weiler Weinberg Weiß Weiss Wellenreuther Wellmann Wendt Westermayer Whittaker Wichtel Widmann-Mauz Wiese Willsch Winkelmeier-Becker Wittke Woltmann Zertik Zimmer CSU: Albsteiger Auernhammer Bär Brandl Dobrindt Durz Eberl Fabritius Freudenstein Friedrich Frieser Gauweiler Göppel Hahn Hasselfeldt Hoffmann Holmeier Irlstorfer Kalb Karl Koschyk Lange Lanzinger Launert Lehrieder Lenz Lerchenfeld Lindholz Ludwig Mayer Meier Michelbach Mortler Müller Müller Nüßlein Obermeier Oßner Radwan Rainer Ramsauer Rupprecht Scheuer Schmidt Silberhorn Singhammer Stefinger Stracke Straubinger Strebl Uhl Ullrich Weisgerber Wöhrl Zech Zeulner Zollner SPDvte SPDSpeaker: Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Thomas Oppermann Members: Annen Arndt-Brauer Arnold Baehrens Bahr Bähr-Losse Barchmann Barley Barnett Bartels Barthel Bartke Bartol Bas Bätzing-Lichtenthäler Becker Beckmeyer Binding Blienert Brase Brunner Bulmahn Bülow Burkert Castellucci Coße Crone Daldrup De Ridder Diaby Dittmar Dörmann Drobinski-Weiß Edathy Ehrmann Engelmeier-Heite Erler Ernstberger Esken Evers-Meyer Fechner Felgentreu Ferner Finckh-Krämer Flisek Fograscher Franke Freese Freitag Gabriel Gerdes Gerster Gleicke Glöckner Gottschalck Griese Groneberg Groß Grötsch Gunkel Hagedorn Hagl-Kehl Hakverdi Hampel Hartmann Hartmann Heidenblut Heil Heinrich Held Hellmich Hendricks Henn Herzog Hiller-Ohm Hinz Hitschler Högl Ilgen Jantz Jost Junge Juratovic Jurk Kaczmarek Kahrs Kampmann Kapschack Katzmarek Kelber Kermer Kiziltepe Klare Klingbeil Kofler Kolbe Kömpel Kramme Krüger Krüger-Leißner Kühn-Mengel Lambrecht Lange Lauterbach Lemme Lischka Lösekrug-Möller Lotze Lühmann Malecha-Nissen Marks Mast Mattheis Miersch Mindrup Mittag Müller Müller Müntefering Mützenich Nahles Nietan Nissen Oppermann Özdemir Özoğuz Paschke Petry Pflugradt Pilger Poschmann Poß Post Post Priesmeier Pronold Raabe Raatz Rabanus Rawert Rebmann Reichenbach Reimann Rimkus Rix Rode-Bosse Rohde Rosemann Röspel Rossmann Roth Rüthrich Rützel Ryglewski Saathoff Sawade Schabedoth Schäfer Scheer Schieder Schiefner Schlegel Schmidt Schmidt Schmidt Schneider Scho-Antwerpes Schulte Schulz Schurer Schwabe Schwartze Schwarz Schwarzelühr-Sutter Sieling Spiering Spinrath Stadler Stamm-Fibich Steffen Steinbrück Steinmeier Strässer Tack Tausend Thews Thissen Thönnes Tiefensee Träger Veit Vogt Vöpel Weber Westphal Wicklein Wiese Wolff Yüksel Ziegler Zierke Zimmermann Zöllmer Zypries LINKEvte LINKESpeaker: Gregor Gysi, Dietmar Bartsch, Sahra Wagenknecht Members: Aken Alpers Bartsch Behrens Binder Birkwald Bluhm Buchholz Bulling-Schröter Claus Dağdelen Dehm Ernst Gehrcke Gohlke Golze Groth Gysi Hahn Hänsel Hein Höger Hunko Hupach Jelpke Karawanskij Kassner Kipping Korte Krellmann Kunert Lay Leidig Lenkert Leutert Liebich Lötzsch Lutze Menz Möhring Movassat Müller Neu Nord Pau Petzold Pitterle Renner Schlecht Sitte Steinke Tackmann Tank Tempel Troost Ulrich Vogler Wagenknecht Wawzyniak Weinberg Werner Wöllert Wunderlich Zdebel Zimmermann Zimmermann GRÜNEvte GRUENESpeaker: Katrin Göring-Eckardt, Anton Hofreiter Members: Amtsberg Andreae Baerbock Beck Beck Brantner Brugger Deligöz Dörner Dröge Ebner Gambke Gastel Gehring Göring-Eckardt Hajduk Haßelmann Hinz Hofreiter Höhn Janecek Kekeritz Keul Kindler Klein-Schmeink Koenigs Kotting-Uhl Krischer Kühn Kühn Künast Kurth Lazar Lemke Lindner Maisch Meiwald Mihalic Müller-Gemmeke Mutlu Notz Nouripour Ostendorff Özdemir Paus Pothmer Rößner Roth Rüffer Sarrazin Scharfenberg Schauws Schick Schmidt Schulz-Asche Strengmann-Kuhn Ströbele Terpe Tressel Trittin Verlinden Wagner Walter-Rosenheimer Wilms OTHERvteIndependent Members: Steinbach List of members of the 18th Bundestag vte Members of the 20th Bundestag (2021–2025)President Bärbel Bas (SPD)SPDvte SPDSpeaker: Rolf Mützenich Other members: Abdi Ahmetovic Alabali-Radovan Andres Annen Arlt Baehrens Bahr Baldy Baradari Bartol Bartz Bas Becker Berghahn Bergt Blankenburg Breymaier Brunner Budde Cademartori Castellucci Daldrup Demir De Ridder Diaby Diedenhofen Dieren Dilcher Dittmar Döring Droßmann Echeverria Eichwede Engelhardt Esdar Esken Fäscher Fechner Fiedler Franke Funke Gava Gerdes Gerster Glöckner Griese Hagedorn Hagl-Kehl Hakverdi Hartmann Heidenblut Heil Heiligenstadt Heinrich Hellmich Hennig Heselhaus Heubach Hitschler Hohmann Hostert Hubertz Hümpfer Junge Juratovic Kaczmarek Kaiser Karaahmetoǧlu Kasper Kassautzki Katzmarek Kersten Kleebank Klinck Klingbeil Klose Klüssendorf Kofler Koß Kramme Kreiser Kröber Kühnert Lahrkamp Larem Lauterbach Lehmann Leiser Licina-Bode Limbacher Lindh Lugk Lutze Machalet Mackensen-Geis Malottki Mann Martens Marvi Mascheck Mast Mehltretter Mehmet Ali Mende Mesarosch Michel Miersch Mieves Mittag Moll Möller Müller Müller Müller Müntefering Mützenich Nasr Nickholz Nietan Nürnberger Oehl Ortleb Özdemir Özoğuz Pantazis Papenbrock Papendieck Pawlik Peick Petry Plobner Poschmann Post Rabanus Rhie Rimkus Rinkert Rix Rohde Roloff Rosemann Rosenthal Roth Rudolph Rudolph Ruf Rützel Ryglewski Saathoff Schäfer Schäfer Schamber Schätzl Scheer Schieder Schiefner Schierenbeck Schisanowski Schmid Schmid Schmidt Schmidt Schneider Schneider Scholz Schraps Schreider Schrodi Schulze Schwabe Schwartze Schwarz Schwarzelühr-Sutter Seitzl Stadler Stamm-Fibich Stegner Stein Sthamer Stüwe Tausend Thews Töns Träger Troff-Schaffarzyk Türk-Nachbaur Ullrich Völlers Vontz Vöpel Wagner Wallstein Walter Wegge Wegling Weingarten Werner Westphal Wiese Wollmann Yüksel Zierke Zimmermann Zorn Zschau CDU/CSUvte CDU, CSUSpeaker: Friedrich Merz CDU: Abraham Albani Altenkamp Amthor Aumer Bareiß Bernstein Beyer Biadacz Bilger Borchardt Brand Braun Breher Brehmer Breilmann Brinkhaus Brodesser Bröhr Bury Connemann Czaja Damerow Donth Färber Feiler Ferlemann Föhr Frei Gädechens Gebhart Gramling Gröhe Grosse-Brömer Grübel Grütters Grund Grundmann Güler Güntzler Gutting Haase Hardt Hauer Heck Heil Heilmann Helfrich Henrichmann Heveling Hirte Hoppenstedt Hoppermann Hüppe Janssen Jarzombek Jung Karliczek Kaufmann Kemmer Kiesewetter Kippels Klein Klein Klöckner Knoerig König Koeppen Körber Koob Krichbaum Krings Kuban Laschet Lehmann Leikert Linnemann Lips Luczak Mack Magwas Mannes Mayer-Lay Meister Merz Metzler Middelberg Mörseburg Monstadt Müller Müller Müller Müller Nacke Nicolaisen Oellers Oppelt Oster Otte Pahlmann Ploß Plum Rachel Radomski Rehbaum Reichel Rief Röttgen Röwekamp Rohwer Rouenhoff Rüddel Firnhaber Schenderlein Schimke Schnieder Schön Schreiner Seif Simon Sorge Spahn Stegemann Steiniger von Stetten Stier Stöcker Stumpp Tebroke Thies Throm Tillmann Timmermann-Fechter Uhl Ullrich Vieregge Vogt Vries Wadephul Wanderwitz Warken Weiss Weiss Whittaker Widmann-Mauz Wiener Wiesmann Willsch Winkelmeier-Becker Wulf Ziemiak Zippelius CSU: Auernhammer Bär Brandl Brehm Dobrindt Durz Edelhäußer Engelhard Englhardt-Kopf Erndl Friedrich Frieser Geissler Hahn Hierl Hoffmann Irlstorfer Kießling Lange Launert Lehrieder Lenz Lindholz Loos Ludwig Mayer Müller Oßner Radwan Rainer Ramsauer Rupprecht Scheuer Silberhorn Staffler Stefinger Stracke Straubinger Weisgerber Winkler Wittmann Zeulner GRÜNEvte GRÜNESpeaker: Claudia Roth Other members: Aeffner Amtsberg Audretsch Außendorf Bacherle Badum Bär Baerbock Banaszak Bayram Beck Benner Brantner Brugger Bsirske Christmann Dahmen Deligöz Detzer Dröge Düring Ebner Eckert Emmerich Fester Gambir Ganserer Gastel Gehring Gelbhaar Gesenhues Göring-Eckardt Grau Grützmacher Grundl Habeck Haßelmann Heitmann Henneberger Herrmann Hönel Hoffmann Hofreiter von Holtz Janecek Kaddor Kappert-Gonther Kellner Keul Khan Kindler Klein-Schmeink Kopf Krämer Kraft Kretz Krischer Krumwiede-Steiner Künast Kurth Lang Lehmann Lemke Liebert Limburg Lindner Loop Lucks Lührmann Mayer Menge Michaelsen Mihalic Mijatovič C. Müller S. Müller Müller-Gemmeke Nanni Nestle Nick von Notz Nouripour Özdemir Otte Pahlke Paus Piechotta Filiz Reinalter Rößner Rottmann Rüffer Sacher Taher Saleh J. Schäfer S. Schäfer Schauws Schmidt Schönberger Schröder Schulz-Asche Sekmen Slawik Spallek Spellerberg Steffen Steinmüller Strengmann-Kuhn Tesfaiesus Trittin Uhlig Verlinden N. Wagener R. Wagener Wagner Walter-Rosenheimer Weishaupt Wenzel Winklmann FDPvte FDPSpeaker: Christian Dürr Other members: Abel Adler Al-Halak Alt Aschenberg-Dugnus Bartelt Bauer Beeck Bodtke Boginski J. Brandenburg M. Brandenburg Bubendorfer-Licht Buschmann Busen Cronenberg Djir-Sarai Dürr Faber Föst Funke-Kaiser Gassner-Herz Gerschau Gründer Hacker Hartewig Harzer Heidt Helling-Plahr Herbrand Herbst Hessel Hocker Höferlin Hoffmann Houben in der Beek Jensen Jurisch Klein Kluckert Kober Köhler Konrad Kruse Kubicki Kuhle Lambsdorff Lechte Lenders Lieb Lindner Link Lütke Luksic Mansmann Merten Meyer Mordhorst Müller Müller-Rosentritt Raffelhüschen Redder Reinhold Reuther Sauter Schäffler Schröder Schulz Seestern-Pauly Seiter Semet Skudelny Stark-Watzinger Stockmeier Strack-Zimmermann Strasser Teuteberg Teutrine Theurer Thomae Tippelt Todtenhausen Toncar Ullmann Ullrich Vogel Wagner Weeser Westig Willkomm Wissing AfDvte AfDSpeaker: Other members: Bachmann Baum Baumann Beckamp Bernhard Blerk Bochmann Boehringer Bollmann Brandes Brandner Braun Bühl Bystron Chrupalla Curio Dietz Ehrhorn Espendiller Felser Friedhoff Frömming Frohnmaier Gauland Glaser Gnauck Gottschalk Harder-Kühnel Haug Hess Hilse Höchst Holm Huy Jacobi Janich Jongen Malte Kaufmann Michael Kaufmann Keuter Kleinwächter König Komning Kotré Kraft Lenk Lucassen Moncsek Moosdorf Münzenmaier Naujok Nolte Otten Peterka Pohl Protschka Reichardt Renner Rinck Rothfuß Schattner Schielke-Ziesing E. Schmidt J. Schmidt Schneider Schulz Seitz Sichert Spaniel Springer Stöber von Storch Weidel Weyel Wiehle Wirth Wundrak Ziegler LINKEvte LINKESpeaker: Other members: Akbulut Bartsch Birkwald Bünger Cezanne Domscheit-Berg Ferschl Gohlke Görke Gürpinar Gysi Hahn Hennig-Wellsow Korte Latendorf Lay Lenkert Lötzsch Möhring Nastić Pellmann Perlif Reichinnek Renner Riexinger Sitte Vogler Wissler OTHERvteNon-attached Members: Al-Dailami (BSW) Cotar (Independent) Dağdelen (BSW) Ernst (BSW) Hunko (BSW) Farle (Independent) Helferich (Independent) Huber (Independent) Leye (BSW) Mohamed Ali (BSW) Nastić (BSW) Tatti (BSW) Ulrich (BSW) Seidler (SSW) Wagenknecht (BSW) Witt (Independent) List of members of the 20th Bundestag vteMembers of the German Bundestag from Saxony-AnhaltSPD Eberhard Brecht Katrin Budde Karamba Diaby CDU Manfred Behrens Christoph Bernstiel Heike Brehmer Eckhard Gnodtke Sepp Müller Torsten Schweiger Tino Sorge Dieter Stier Kees de Vries Greens Steffi Lemke FDP Marcus Faber Frank Sitta AfD Matthias Büttner Andreas Mrosek Frank Pasemann Martin Reichardt Kay-Uwe Ziegler The Left Birke Bull-Bischoff Matthias Höhn Jan Korte Petra Sitte Authority control databases International VIAF National Germany
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Christian Democratic Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany"},{"link_name":"Bundestag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag"},{"link_name":"Saxony-Anhalt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bt-1"}],"text":"Manfred Behrens (born 28 October 1956) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a Member of the German Bundestag for Saxony-Anhalt from 2009 until 2021.[1]","title":"Manfred Behrens"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Magdeburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg"},{"link_name":"Ebendorf (Barleben)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ebendorf_(Barleben)&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Manfred Behrens was born in Magdeburg. He completed an apprenticeship as a car mechanic and worked in the catering industry before being elected mayor of Ebendorf (Barleben) in 1990. Since 1992, Behrens is a member of the CDU, since 2004 Chairman of the CDU local associations Barleben / Ebendorf / Meitzendorf. In 1999 he also moved to the district council for the CDU. From 2001 to 2003, he worked as an employee of the state parliament of Saxony-Anhalt.","title":"Early life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"German federal elections on 27 September 2009","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"Börde - Jerichower Land","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rde_-_Jerichower_Land"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"2013 federal elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"rapporteur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapporteur"},{"link_name":"accessibility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility"},{"link_name":"consumer protection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_protection"},{"link_name":"2017 federal elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bt-1"},{"link_name":"East Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa"},{"link_name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia"},{"link_name":"Burundi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi"},{"link_name":"Djibouti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti"},{"link_name":"Eritrea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea"},{"link_name":"Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya"},{"link_name":"Rwanda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda"},{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia"},{"link_name":"Sudan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan"},{"link_name":"Uganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda"},{"link_name":"2021 German federal election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"In the German federal elections on 27 September 2009, Behrens won the direct mandate in the Bundestag constituency Börde - Jerichower Land and became a member of the German Bundestag. In the 17th legislature, he was full member of the Interior Committee and deputy member of the Committee on Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth.[2]In the 2013 federal elections, Behrens again won the direct mandate for his constituency. He subsequently became a member of the Committee on Transport and Digital Infrastructure, where he served as his parliamentary group’s rapporteur on for accessibility and consumer protection, and a deputy member of the Committee on Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. In the 2017 federal elections, he won his constituency again.[1] In addition to his committee assignments, Behrens was a member of the German-Canadian Parliamentary Friendship Group and of the Parliamentary Friendship Group for the States of East Africa, which is in charge of maintaining inter-parliamentary relations with Ethiopia, Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda.Behrens decided to run again in the 2021 German federal election.[3]","title":"Political career"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Michael Bock (29 September 2020). \"Kees de Vries verliert bei Nominierung\". Volksstimme.de (in German). Volksstimme Magdeburg.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/sachsen-anhalt-cdu-kees-de-vries-verliert-bei-nominierung","url_text":"\"Kees de Vries verliert bei Nominierung\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksstimme_(Saxony-Anhalt)","url_text":"Volksstimme Magdeburg"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://www.bundestag.de/abgeordnete/biografien/B/behrens_manfred/518278","external_links_name":"Manfred Behrens (Börde), CDU/CSU"},{"Link":"http://www.stala.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bt09/fms/fms213li.html","external_links_name":"Wahl des 17. Deutschen Bundestages am 27. September 2009, Ergebnisse in Sachsen-Anhalt"},{"Link":"https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/sachsen-anhalt-cdu-kees-de-vries-verliert-bei-nominierung","external_links_name":"\"Kees de Vries verliert bei Nominierung\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/6702171191122058030007","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/1322539839","external_links_name":"Germany"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damizza
Damizza
["1 Biography","2 Awards/chart positions","3 References","4 External links"]
American radio executive and record producer This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Damizza" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Damion "Damizza" YoungBornDamion YoungSanta Barbara, CaliforniaOther namesDamizzaYears active1986-PresentNotable work Where I Wanna Be Damion Young (born 1974), also known as Damizza, is an American radio executive, record producer, artist and author. Biography Young began his career as a studio assistant at the age of 12, where Young went on to popularize numerous artists while working at Santa Barbara’s KHTY station, including Fiona Apple, Garbage and Hootie & the Blowfish, and later served as the head of Los Angeles’ Power 106 and New York’s Hot 97. Young would later go on to produce Crybaby (Mariah Carey song) featuring Snoop Dogg. Young, has also worked with Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, and Korn. Young would later go on to produce for artists Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Lil Wayne and Ludacris, and claims a hand in the reunion of Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg and the resulting 2001 (a.k.a. Chronic 2001). Young was named the 4th most powerful person in hip-hop by The Source magazine 2 years after being named program director Power 106, after he helped Jay-Z find an international audience, helped Janet Jackson rekindle her career, helped Dr. Dre with advice on 'how to break the white kid from Detroit' and introduced the world to Eminem. He completed working with J. Marshall Craig on a book on his life, Guilty By Association, which is scheduled for release sometime late-2011 after two years of delays over legal issues and made some public appearances at various California universities and colleges discussing the book and his life as a radio prodigy-turned hip-hop producer and performer. When Damizza was asked to give a brief insight to his book he said "A kid from a small town with a dream.. That never took no for an answer, made his dreams come true and did it his way. (With a Lil help from his grannie)". In 2023 Damion "Damizza" Young was included in Marquis Who's Who. Awards/chart positions Damizza Presents... Where I Wanna Be: The Compilation no. 28 R&B/Hip-Hop no. 143 Billboard 200 References ^ KETTMAN, MATT (27 June 2013). "Rise of Santa Barbara Hip-Hop". INDEPENDENT.COM. Retrieved 1 December 2023. ^ "Mariah Carey's former producer, Damion (Damizza) Young, slams report about their love affair: 'NOT my quotes'". NY DAILY NEWS. 24 May 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2023. ^ McKenzie, Greg (11 October 2010). "Hip hop producer Damizza pens tell-all book on rap". BBC News. Retrieved 1 December 2023. ^ Jones, Pete. "Programmer, Music Exec, Producer Damion 'Damizza' Young Added To Marquis Who's Who Registry". All Access. Retrieved 2 December 2023. ^ "Damion "Damizza" Young". Marquis Who's Who (MARQUIS WHO'S WHO TOP ARTISTS): 1. 21 July 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023. ^ Weiner, Natalie. "We Belong Together: Mariah Carey's Collaborators Share Untold Stories Behind 8 Classics". BILLBOARD.COM. Retrieved 2 December 2023. ^ "B4 THE DESERT SUN 1". The Desert Sun from Palm Springs, California. No. 10 July 2009. The Desert Sun. The Desert Sun. Retrieved 2 December 2023. ^ Putnam, Robert (14 October 2015). "PRODUCER CROSSTALK: DAMION "DAMIZZA" YOUNG". Music Connection. No. CROSSTALK, FEATURE ARTICLES, LATEST, MAGAZINE. Retrieved 2 December 2023. ^ "I Link 2 Music Appoints Radio Icon Damizza as Director of New Media Development". Marketwired. Yahoo News. Yahoo Finance. 3 March 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2023. ^ "Former Power 106 Programme Director Damizza", 2013. ^ "Damion "Damizza" Young has been Inducted into the Prestigious Marquis Who's Who Biographical Registry". Marquis Who's Who. No. Mr. Young: Pioneering Visionary in Music and Media. 24. 24-7 Press Release. Retrieved 2 December 2023. ^ Damizza Presents... Where I Wanna Be (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart), Billboard, December 16, 2000 ^ http://www.billboard.com/charts/2000-11-25/billboard-200 Damizza Presents... Where I Wanna Be (Billboard 200 chart)], Billboard, November 25, 2000 External links Damizza on HipHopDX Damizza Interview on SoPrupRadio.com Authority control databases International ISNI Artists MusicBrainz This article on a record producer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristodemus_(disambiguation)
Aristodemus (disambiguation)
["1 Ancient Greece","1.1 Historical","1.2 Literary","1.3 Art","2 Other uses"]
Aristodemus was a mythological figure who was a descendant of Heracles. Aristodemus may also refer to: Ancient Greece Historical Aristodemus of Messenia (8th century BC), hero of the First Messenian War Aristodemus of Cumae (6th century BC), strategos and tyrant of Cumae Aristodemus of Sparta (5th century BC), Spartan warrior Aristodemus of Cydathenaeum (5th century BC), follower of Socrates depicted in Plato's Symposium Aristodemus of Miletus (4th century BC), diplomat Aristodemus (actor) (4th century BC), a different diplomat, who had a background as a tragic actor Aristodemus the Good or Aristodemus of Megalopolis (3rd century BC), tyrant of Megalopolis who was assassinated around 252 BC Literary Aristodemus of Nysa the Elder (1st century BC), Ancient Greek grammarian and pedagogue Aristodemus of Nysa the Younger (1st century BC), Ancient Greek scholar and pedagogue, teacher of Strabo Aristodemus of Elis, an obscure writer working some time before the 2nd century Aristodemus of Thebes, author, see[List of anthologies of Greek epigrams Plutarch in his Parallel Lives speaks of an Aristodemus as the author of a collection of fables, one of which he relates. Plutarch elsewhere speaks of a Platonic philosopher named Aristodemus who lived at the same time as Plutarch. Another Aristodemus was mentioned by Athenaeus as the author of a work titled γελοῖα ἀπομνημονεύματα. A third Aristodemus, occurs in Clement of Alexandria's Stromata as the author of a work titled περὶ εὑπημάτων. A fourth Aristodemus is mentioned as the epitomizer of a work of Herodian. Art Aristodemus, a painter, the father and instructor of Nicomachus of Thebes, flourished probably in the early part of the fourth century BCE. Aristodemus, a sculptor, who lived after the time of Alexander the Great, that is, some time around the 3rd century BCE. Among other works of his Pliny the Elder mentions a statue of Seleucus I Nicator. To what country he belonged is uncertain. Aristodemus, a painter and art historian, a native of Caria, contemporary with Philostratus the elder, with whom he was connected by the ties of hospitality. He wrote a work giving an account of distinguished painters, of the cities in which painting had flourished most, and of the kings who had encouraged the art. Other uses Papilio aristodemus, a species of butterfly Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Aristodemus.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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Among other works of his Pliny the Elder mentions a statue of Seleucus I Nicator. To what country he belonged is uncertain.\nAristodemus, a painter and art historian, a native of Caria, contemporary with Philostratus the elder, with whom he was connected by the ties of hospitality. He wrote a work giving an account of distinguished painters, of the cities in which painting had flourished most, and of the kings who had encouraged the art.","title":"Ancient Greece"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Papilio aristodemus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilio_aristodemus"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disambig_gray.svg"},{"link_name":"disambiguation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Disambiguation"},{"link_name":"internal link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Aristodemus_(disambiguation)&namespace=0"}],"text":"Papilio aristodemus, a species of butterflyTopics referred to by the same termThis disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Aristodemus.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.","title":"Other uses"}]
[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiyuki_Hayashi
Toshiyuki Hayashi
["1 Career","2 After career","3 Notes","4 External links"]
Rugby playerToshiyuki HayashiToshiyuki Hayashi in 2015 (third from left)Date of birth (1960-02-08) February 8, 1960 (age 64)Place of birthTokushima, JapanHeight6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)Weight227 lb (103 kg)SchoolJohoku High School, TokushimaUniversityDoshisha UniversityRugby union careerPosition(s) Prop, LockAmateur team(s)Years Team Apps (Points)1975-19781978-1979 Johoku High SchoolDoshisha University Rugby Football Club ()Senior careerYears Team Apps (Points)1980-1997 Kobelco Steelers ()International careerYears Team Apps (Points)1980–1992  Japan 38 (12)Coaching careerYears Team2005 Doshisha University Rugby Football Club Toshiyuki Hayashi (林敏之, Hayashi Toshiyuki), (born 8 February 1960 in Tokushima) is a former Japanese rugby union player. He played as a prop and as a lock. He was educated at Tokushima Prefectural Johoku High School and was graduated in economics at Doshisha University. He was nicknamed Destroyer (壊し屋, Kowashiya) and Daimaru (ダイマル, Daimaru). Career Hayashi played at Kobelco Steelers. He had 38 caps for Japan, scoring three tries, 12 points in aggregate. His first game was at 19 October 1980, in a 23–3 loss to France XV, in Toulouse and his last came at 26 September 1992, in a 37–9 win over Hong Kong, in Seoul, for the Asian Championship. Hayashi played at the 1987 Rugby World Cup, being the captain in all the three matches, and at the 1991 Rugby World Cup. He was replaced this time by Seiji Hirao as the captain, but played once again in the three matches, scoring a try in the 32–16 defeat to Ireland, at 9 October 1991, in Dublin. In 1990 he studied at Oxford University and also participated in regular matches for Oxford against Cambridge University (Varsity match) and was also elected among the Oxford best 15 (Three of the 19th century players with 120 years of history are included) being the only non-British player elected, a feat achieved by the former All Blacks captain David Kirk, who was missing in the selection. He was also chosen to play for the Barbarians in 1992, becoming the first Japanese player to be invited in the Babaas. After career In 2005 he coached Doshisha University Rugby Football Club. Currently, he is affiliated to Kobelco Career Development and he is also the chairman of the nonprofit organization Heroes. Gospellers' hit song "Towa ni", which composed by Takeshi Senoo (a supporter of Kobelco Steelers), who dedicated it to Hayashi at the time when he retired. Notes ^ Toshiyuki Hayashi at Japon Rugby ^ Fumiaki Tanaka va jouer pour les Barbarians External links Toshiyuki Hayashi at ESPNscrum vteJapan squad – 1991 Rugby World CupForwards Fujita Hayashi Kajihara Kimura Luaiufi Latu Kunda Matsuda Miyamoto Nakashima Ota Ouchi Oyagi Takahashi Takura Backs Aoki Hirao (c) Horikoshi Hosokawa Kutsuki Maeda Masuho Matsuo Motoki Murata Yoshida Coach: Shukuzawa vteJapan squad – 1987 Rugby World CupForwards Aizawa Chida Fujita Horaguchi Hayashi (c) Hirose Kawase Kimura Kurihara Latu Oyagi Miyamoto Sakuraba Yasumi Backs Kutsuki Onuki Hirao Ikuta Hagimoto Matsuo Mukai Murai Okidoi Taumoefolau Yoshinaga Yoshino Coach: Miyaji Authority control databases International VIAF National Japan This Japanese rugby union biography is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiconsivia
Opiconsivia
["1 References"]
For the genus of sea snail, see Opalia (gastropod). OpiconsiviaObserved byRoman Republic,Roman EmpireTypeClassical Roman religionDate25 August The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops ("Plenty"), also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth. The festival marked the end of harvest, with a mirror festival on December 19 (during Saturnalia) concerned with the storage of the grain. The Latin word consivia (or consiva) derives from conserere ("to sow"). Opis was deemed a chthonic (underworld, inside the earth) goddess who made the vegetation grow. Since her abode was inside the earth, Ops was invoked by her worshipers while sitting, with their hands touching the ground, according to Macrobius (Saturnalia, I:10). Although Ops is a consort of Saturn, she was closely associated with Consus, the protector of grains and subterranean storage bins (silos). Consus is therefore thought to be an alternate name of Saturn in the chthonic aspect as consort. The festival of Consus, the Consualia, was celebrated twice a year, each time preceding that of Ops: once on August 21, after the harvest, and once on December 15, after the sowing of crops was finished. The Opiconsivia festival was superintended by the Vestals and the Flamines of Quirinus, an early Sabine god said to be the deified Romulus. Quirinus was absorbed by, and included in, the first and earliest Capitoline Triad, along with Mars—then an agriculture god—and Jupiter. The main priestess at the regia wore a white veil, characteristic of the vestal virgins. A chariot race was performed in the Circus Maximus. Horses and mules, their heads crowned with chaplets made of flowers, also took part in the celebration. References ^ Sarolta A. Takács, Vestal Virgins, Sibyls, and Matrons: Women in Roman Religion (University of Texas Press, 2008), p. 56. ^ J. Rufus Fears, "The Cult of Virtues and Roman Imperial Ideology," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.17.2 (1981), p. 838. H. H. Scullard, Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (London: Thames and Hudson, 1981), 177–8, 181, 205, 207. vteRoman festivals and games (ludi) Agonalia Ambarvalia Amburbium Argei Armilustrium Augustalia Bacchanalia Brumalia Capitoline Games Caprotinia Caristia Carmentalia Cerealia Compitalia Consualia Decennalia Divalia Epulum Jovis Equirria Februa Feralia Floralia Fordicidia Fornacalia Furrinalia Ieiunium Cereris Junonalia Larentalia Latin Festival Lemuria Liberalia Lucaria Ludi Apollinares Ludi Romani Lupercalia Lusus Troiae Matronalia Meditrinalia Megalesia Mercuralia Navigium Isidis Nemoralia Neptunalia October Horse Opiconsivia Parentalia Parilia Poplifugia Plebeian Games Quinquatria Quinquennial Neronia Regifugium Robigalia Saturnalia Rosalia Secular Games Sementivae Septimontium Taurian Games Terminalia Tiberinalia Tricennalia Tubilustrium Veneralia Vestalia Vicennalia Vinalia Volturnalia Vulcanalia This Ancient Rome–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article about a religious festival is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Opalia (gastropod)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalia_(gastropod)"},{"link_name":"ancient Roman religious festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_festival"},{"link_name":"Ops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ops"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Saturnalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnalia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"chthonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonic"},{"link_name":"Saturn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)"},{"link_name":"Consus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consus"},{"link_name":"Consualia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consualia"},{"link_name":"Vestals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestals"},{"link_name":"Flamines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamen_Quirinalis"},{"link_name":"Quirinus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinus"},{"link_name":"Sabine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabine"},{"link_name":"Romulus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romulus_and_Remus"},{"link_name":"Capitoline Triad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline_Triad"},{"link_name":"priestess","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest"},{"link_name":"regia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regia"},{"link_name":"vestal virgins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestal_virgins"},{"link_name":"chariot race","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariot_race"},{"link_name":"Circus Maximus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circus_Maximus"},{"link_name":"Horses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse"},{"link_name":"mules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule"}],"text":"For the genus of sea snail, see Opalia (gastropod).The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops (\"Plenty\"),[1] also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth. The festival marked the end of harvest, with a mirror festival on December 19 (during Saturnalia) concerned with the storage of the grain.[2]The Latin word consivia (or consiva) derives from conserere (\"to sow\"). Opis was deemed a chthonic (underworld, inside the earth) goddess who made the vegetation grow. Since her abode was inside the earth, Ops was invoked by her worshipers while sitting, with their hands touching the ground, according to Macrobius (Saturnalia, I:10).Although Ops is a consort of Saturn, she was closely associated with Consus, the protector of grains and subterranean storage bins (silos). Consus is therefore thought to be an alternate name of Saturn in the chthonic aspect as consort. The festival of Consus, the Consualia, was celebrated twice a year, each time preceding that of Ops: once on August 21, after the harvest, and once on December 15, after the sowing of crops was finished.The Opiconsivia festival was superintended by the Vestals and the Flamines of Quirinus, an early Sabine god said to be the deified Romulus. Quirinus was absorbed by, and included in, the first and earliest Capitoline Triad, along with Mars—then an agriculture god—and Jupiter. The main priestess at the regia wore a white veil, characteristic of the vestal virgins. A chariot race was performed in the Circus Maximus. Horses and mules, their heads crowned with chaplets made of flowers, also took part in the celebration.","title":"Opiconsivia"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Kansas_Jayhawks_football_team
1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team
["1 Schedule","2 Game summaries","3 References"]
American college football season 1951 Kansas Jayhawks footballConferenceBig Seven ConferenceRankingCoachesNo. 20Record8–2 (4–2 Big 7)Head coachJules V. Sikes (4th season)CaptainAubrey Linville, Bill SchaakeHome stadiumMemorial StadiumSeasons← 19501952 → 1951 Big Seven Conference football standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   T W   L   T No. 10 Oklahoma $ 6 – 0 – 0 8 – 2 – 0 Colorado 5 – 1 – 0 7 – 3 – 0 Kansas 4 – 2 – 0 8 – 2 – 0 Iowa State 2 – 4 – 0 4 – 4 – 1 Nebraska 2 – 4 – 0 2 – 8 – 0 Missouri 2 – 4 – 0 3 – 7 – 0 Kansas State 0 – 6 – 0 0 – 9 – 0 $ – Conference championRankings from AP Poll The 1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled an 8–2 record (4–2 against conference opponents), finished third in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 316 to 208. The team was ranked at No. 38 in the 1951 Litkenhous Ratings. The team's statistical leaders included Bob Brandeberry with 649 rushing yards, Bud Laughlin with 78 points scored, and Jerry Robertson with 925 passing yards. Aubrey Linville and Bill Schaake were the team captains. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas. Schedule DateOpponentRankSiteResultAttendanceSourceSeptember 22at TCU*Amon G. Carter StadiumFort Worth, TXW 27–1328,000 September 29Iowa StateMemorial StadiumLawrence, KSW 53–3325,000–26,000 October 6at ColoradoNo. 20Folsom FieldBoulder, COL 27–3529,367 October 13Utah*Memorial StadiumLawrence, KSW 26–720,000 October 20at No. 19 OklahomaOklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, OKL 21–3344,462 October 27Kansas StateMemorial StadiumLawrence, KS (rivalry)W 33–1420,000 November 3at NebraskaMemorial StadiumLincoln, NE (rivalry)W 27–734,000–34,500 November 10Loyola (CA)*Memorial StadiumLawrence, KSW 34–2618,000 November 17at Oklahoma A&M*Lewis FieldStillwater, OKW 27–1217,000 December 1MissouriMemorial StadiumLawrence, KS (Border War)W 41–2835,000 *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game Game summaries Iowa State See also: 1951 Iowa State Cyclones football team 1 234Total Iowa State 12 1407 33 • #9 Kansas 7 141319 53 Date: September 29Location: Memorial StadiumLawrence, KSGame attendance: 25,000 Thanks to powerful running attack, the Iowa State Cyclone where able to take a 26-7 lead midway into second quarter. A long touchdown at the end of the half, kept Kansas in the game, trailing 26-21. Kansas defense stiffened up in the second half and only allowed a single touch down while the offense scored 32 points. This was the highest scoring game in the series up to that point. References ^ "1951 Kansas Jayhawks Schedule and Results". SR/College Football. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 19, 2017. ^ a b 2017 Kansas Football Media Guide, p. 183. ^ "Vols Top Final 1951 Litkenhous Ratings". The Nashville Banner. December 14, 1951. p. 49 – via Newspapers.com. ^ 2017 Kansas Football Media Guide, pp. 127, 131, 138. ^ Jack Geyer (November 11, 1951). "Kansas Rally Overpowers Loyola, 34-26". Los Angeles Times. pp. II-9, II-14. Retrieved August 14, 2018. ^ "Jayhawks Make Zaphyrs Of Cyclones". Hutchinson News Herald. September 30, 1951. vteKansas Jayhawks footballVenues McCook Field (1892–1920) David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium (1921–2023, 2025–future) Arrowhead Stadium (2024) Children's Mercy Park (2024) Bowls & rivalries Bowl games Kansas State: Sunflower Showdown Missouri: Border War Nebraska Culture & lore Big Jay Baby Jay "I'm a Jayhawk" Marching Jayhawks Aggieville riots Timeline of football in Kansas First game in Kansas 1911 Missouri game People Head coaches NFL draftees Statistical leaders Seasons 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Kansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kansas"},{"link_name":"Big Seven Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference"},{"link_name":"1951 college football season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_college_football_season"},{"link_name":"Jules V. Sikes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_V._Sikes"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SR-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p183-2"},{"link_name":"1951 Litkenhous Ratings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_NCAA_football_rankings#Litkenhouse_Ratings"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Bill Schaake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Schaake"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p183-2"},{"link_name":"Memorial Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(University_of_Kansas)"},{"link_name":"Lawrence, Kansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas"}],"text":"The 1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled an 8–2 record (4–2 against conference opponents), finished third in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 316 to 208.[1][2] The team was ranked at No. 38 in the 1951 Litkenhous Ratings.[3]The team's statistical leaders included Bob Brandeberry with 649 rushing yards, Bud Laughlin with 78 points scored, and Jerry Robertson with 925 passing yards.[4] Aubrey Linville and Bill Schaake were the team captains.[2]They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.","title":"1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Schedule"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1951 Iowa State Cyclones football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Iowa_State_Cyclones_football_team"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Iowa StateSee also: 1951 Iowa State Cyclones football teamThanks to powerful running attack, the Iowa State Cyclone where able to take a 26-7 lead midway into second quarter. A long touchdown at the end of the half, kept Kansas in the game, trailing 26-21. Kansas defense stiffened up in the second half and only allowed a single touch down while the offense scored 32 points. This was the highest scoring game in the series up to that point.[6]","title":"Game summaries"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_Dispatcher_(computer_simulation)
Train Dispatcher (computer simulation)
["1 References","2 External links"]
Train simulator for Centralized Traffic Control systems This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Train Dispatcher" computer simulation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Train Dispatcher" computer simulation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for products and services. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: "Train Dispatcher" computer simulation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Train Dispatcher is a train simulator of centralized traffic control (CTC) systems. It was originally developed in the 1980s as a training tool for a commercial railroad and was then made available to the public. The software is currently produced by SoftRail (formerly Signal Computer Consultants) for Windows-based computers. The simulator is operated from the perspective of a CTC dispatcher. Track diagrams similar to actual CTC displays are provided, and train operations run according to a timetable. Operations can be run in real time or adjusted fast or slow. Version 2 of the software was released in 1997 and supported multiple track territories. The manufacturer provided five territory files in the initial package, and offered additional territories for sale on its website. It also provided companion software called "Track Builder" which allows users to create and share files for additional railroad territories. Users have created territory files for many locations, including North America, Australia and Europe, and some of these files are available for free downloading on the company's website. The version 2 software is available as a free download from the manufacturer. The current version of the software is 3.5, and is provided with five US territories, and one each for Canada and Australia. Additional for-sale and free territory files are available. In April 2012 Softrail announced that it would discontinue Train Dispatcher 3 as of April 30, 2012. References ^ Softrail: Train Dispatcher 3.5 External links Softrail - official site Train Dispatcher 3 - Free download Train Dispatcher 2 - Free download
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Environment_Agency
Portuguese Environment Agency
["1 References","2 External links"]
Government agency in Portugal Portuguese Environment AgencyAgência Portuguesa do AmbienteFormation2012TypeGovernment agencyHeadquartersAmadora, PortugalPresidentNuno LacastaWebsitehttps://apambiente.pt/ The Portuguese Environment Agency (APA, Portuguese: Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente) is a public institute within the scope of the Portuguese Ministry of the Environment and Climate Action, responsible for the implementation of environmental policies in Portugal. It was created in 2012 from the merger of several environment and hydrography-related institutions and commissions. References ^ "Portuguese Environment Agency (APA) | Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente". apambiente.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-13. ^ "A APA | Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente". apambiente.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-13. External links Official website This Portuguese government-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article about an environmental agency is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies
COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies
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Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Crown dependencies COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown DependenciesDiseaseCOVID-19Virus strainSARS-CoV-2LocationCrown Dependencies Part of a series on theCOVID-19 pandemicin the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies History Responses Legislation Statistics (Part of the global COVID-19 pandemic) Locations London Countries England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Crown Dependencies Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey British Overseas Territories Anguilla Akrotiri and Dhekelia Bermuda British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Turks and Caicos Islands Pitcairn Islands British Overseas Territories without confirmed cases British Antarctic Territory South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Timelines United Kingdom January-June 2020 July–December 2020 January-June 2021 July–December 2021 January-June 2022 July-December 2022 2023 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Roberto Burioni Chen Wei Kizzmekia Corbett Andrea Crisanti Peter Daszak Christian Drosten Neil Ferguson Dale Fisher George F. Gao Azra Ghani Sarah Gilbert Guan Yi Kentaro Iwata Katalin Karikó Matt Keeling Trudie Lang Li Lanjuan W. Ian Lipkin Ma Xiaowei Shabir Madhi Allison McGeer Camilla Rothe Shi Zhengli Moncef Slaoui Mike Tildesley John Todd Wang Chen Wang Guangfa Drew Weissman Yuen Kwok-yung Zeng Guang Zhang Jixian Zhang Yongzhen Zhong Nanshan OfficialsWHO Tedros Adhanom (Director-General of the WHO) Bruce Aylward (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) Maria Van Kerkhove (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) Michael J. Ryan (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) By location Frank Atherton (Wales) Ashley Bloomfield (New Zealand) Catherine Calderwood (Scotland) Chang Shan-chwen (Taiwan) Anutin Charnvirakul (Thailand) Chen Shih-chung (Taiwan) Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching (Taiwan) Victor Costache (Romania) Fabrizio Curcio (Italy) Carmen Deseda (Puerto Rico) Jaap van Dissel (the Netherlands) Christian Drosten (Germany) Francisco Duque III (Philippines) Anthony Fauci (United States) Francesco Paolo Figliuolo (Italy) Graça Freitas (Portugal) Henrique Gouveia e Melo (Portugal) Matt Hancock (United Kingdom) Hamad Hasan (Lebanon) Greg Hunt (Australia) Tony Holohan (Ireland) Jeong Eun-kyeong (South Korea) Fahrettin Koca (Turkey) Li Keqiang (China) Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez (Mexico) Michael McBride (Northern Ireland) Oriol Mitjà (Andorra) Zweli Mkhize (South Africa) Doni Monardo (Indonesia) Alma Möller (Iceland) Saeed Namaki (Iran) Ala Nemerenco (Moldova) Nguyễn Thanh Long (Vietnam) Noor Hisham Abdullah (Malaysia) Ali Pilli (Northern Cyprus) Daniel Salinas (Uruguay) Jérôme Salomon (France) Fernando Simón (Spain) Gregor Smith (Scotland) Su Ih-jen (Taiwan) Łukasz Szumowski (Poland) Theresa Tam (Canada) Anders Tegnell (Sweden) Þórólfur Guðnason (Iceland) Sotiris Tsiodras (Greece) Harsh Vardhan (India) Víðir Reynisson (Iceland) Carla Vizzotti (Argentina) Vlad Voiculescu (Romania) Chris Whitty (United Kingdom) Lawrence Wong (Singapore) Jeff Zients (United States) Others Chen Qiushi Brett Crozier Fang Bin Fang Fang Joseph Ashitey Hammond Li Zehua Captain Tom Moore Qiu Menghuang Ren Zhiqiang Deaths List Data (templates)Global Cases, deaths, recoveries by country Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision WHO situation reports cases January 2020 February 2020 March 2020 April 2020 May 2020 June 2020 July 2020 August 2020 September 2020 October 2020 November 2020 December 2020 January 2021 February 2021 March 2021 April 2021 May 2021 June 2021 July 2021 August 2021 deaths World map by countries: confirmed per capita China Hospital beds by country Lockdowns< Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Comoros Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana cases chart Ivory Coast Kenya Libya Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara) Mozambique Namibia Nigera cases chart São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa cases chart South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe cases chart Americas Argentina Bolivia Brazil Canada by province vaccinations by province Chile by commune Colombia Costa Rica cases chart Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico cases chart Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru United States by state Uruguay Venezuela Asia Afghanistan Armenia Artsakh Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh by division Bhutan cases chart Brunei Cambodia cases chart summary China cases chart confirmed per capita lockdowns by province Hong Kong Macau Cyprus East Timor Egypt Georgia India Indonesia cases chart Iran cases chart Iraq Israel cases chart Japan cases chart Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait cases chart Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia cases chart charts Myanmar cases chart summary Nepal cases chart Oman cases chart Pakistan cases chart Philippines cases chart areas of quarantine vaccinations chart Qatar Russia cases chart by federal subject North Asia Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea cases chart vaccinations charts Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan vaccination charts Tajikistan Thailand cases chart Turkey cases chart United Arab Emirates cases chart Uzbekistan cases chart Vietnam statistics charts Yemen Europe Albania Austria cases chart Belarus Belgium cases chart Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria cases chart Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark cases chart Faroe Islands Estonia cases chart Finland France cases chart Germany cases chart Greece Hungary Iceland cases chart Ireland cases chart Italy cases chart statistics charts vaccinations chart Kosovo Latvia cases chart Lithuania cases chart Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway cases chart Poland cases chart by voivodeship Portugal cases chart Romania cases chart Russia cases chart by federal subject North Asia San Marino Serbia Slovakia cases chart by region Slovenia cases chart Spain cases chart Sweden cases chart Switzerland cases chart Turkey cases chart Ukraine United Kingdom Scotland 2020 2021 Gibraltar vaccinations chart daily by nation Vatican City Oceania Australia by state/territory Fiji French Polynesia New Caledonia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Others Cruise ships Diamond Princess vteCOVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories History Statistics Timeline 2020 January–June July–December 2021 January–June July–December 2022 January–June July–December 2023 2024 LocationsUnited Kingdom England London Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Crown Dependencies Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Overseas Territories Akrotiri and Dhekelia Anguilla Bermuda British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Turks and Caicos Islands Impact Economy Cost-of-living crisis Education Exam grading controversy Society Clap for Our Carers Protests Thank You NHS The 2.6 Challenge National Day of Reflection Politics Beergate COVID Recovery Group Dominic Cummings scandal Greensill scandal Impact on Brexit Northern Research Group Partygate Privileges Committee investigation Public inquiry Scottish COVID-19 Inquiry Virtual House of Commons Scienceandhealthcare Antiviral Taskforce Cancer Monitoring Project COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium COVID Symptom Study COVID passports RECOVERY Trial PANORAMIC trial Temporary hospitals England Birmingham Harrogate London Manchester Washington Glasgow Cardiff Gibraltar Jersey Testing programme NHS COVID-19 app NHS Test and Trace (England) Test, Trace, Protect (Wales) Operation Moonshot Test to Release UK Rapid Test Consortium Vaccination programme Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine European Commission–AstraZeneca dispute Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation Centre Taskforce Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment LegislationCurrent Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 2020 budget Contingencies Fund Act 2020 Contingencies Fund Act 2021 Coronavirus mini-budget Winter Economy Plan Stamp Duty Land Tax (Temporary Relief) Act 2020 Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020 Business and Planning Act 2020 Nightingale Court Culture Recovery Fund 2021 budget Revoked Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020 Health Protection (Coronavirus, Business Closure) (England) Regulations 2020 Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020 COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England First COVID-19 tier regulations in England Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (No. 4) Regulations 2020 Coronavirus, Restrictions (All Tiers) (England) Regulations 2020 Coronavirus, International Travel (England) Regulations 2020 Face Coverings on Public Transport (England) Regulations 2020 Face Coverings in a Relevant Place (England) Regulations 2020 Coronavirus, Restrictions (Steps) (England) Regulations 2021 Coronavirus, Restrictions (Local Authority Enforcement...) (England) Regulations 2020 Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (No. 3) Regulations 2020 Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Self-Isolation) (England) Regulations 2020 Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability (England) Regulations 2021 Coronavirus Act 2020 Expiredor spent Coronavirus, Restrictions (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020 Health Protection (Coronavirus, Wearing of Face Coverings) (England) Regulations 2021 Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Entry to Venues and Events) (England) Regulations 2021 Coronavirus, Restrictions (All Tiers and Self-Isolation) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021 ResponsesGovernment Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme Contract controversies Lockdown Eat Out to Help Out Global Travel Taskforce National Tutoring Programme Pick for Britain Project Birch Can you look them in the eyes? Cabinet Secretary for Covid Recovery (Scotland) Pre-pandemic exercises Exercise Cygnus Coughs and sneezes spread diseases Catch It, Bin It, Kill It Military United Kingdom Overseas territories Timelines England January–June 2020 July–December 2020 2021 2022 Northern Ireland 2020 2021 2022 Scotland 2020 2021 2022 Wales 2020 2021 2022 Advisorybodies Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team Independent SAGE Joint Biosecurity Centre Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies Key people Kevin Fenton Neil Ferguson Matt Hancock Dido Harding Jenny Harries Sajid Javid Boris Johnson Wei Shen Lim Phil Prosser June Raine Rishi Sunak Maggie Throup Patrick Vallance Jonathan Van-Tam Chris Whitty Nadhim Zahawi England Stephen Powis Amanda Pritchard Simon Stevens Northern Ireland Arlene Foster Paul Givan Charlotte McArdle Michael McBride Michelle O'Neill Robin Swann Scotland Catherine Calderwood Joe FitzPatrick Jeane Freeman Jason Leitch Gregor Smith Devi Sridhar Nicola Sturgeon John Swinney Humza Yousaf Wales Frank Atherton Mark Drakeford Vaughan Gething Eluned Morgan Mediadepictions "Can You Hear Me" (Doctors) Casualty (series 35) Emergency State Failures of State Grayson's Art Club Help Hold Still: A Portrait of Our Nation in 2020 Isolation Stories Locked Down Lockdown Files Pandemic Diaries Partygate Preventable Staged This England See also Captain Tom Moore Coronavirus Tech Handbook COVID-19 Bereaved Families for Justice Death of Belly Mujinga EveryDoctor Notable deaths London Blossom Garden Lineage B.1.1.7 National Covid Memorial Wall COVID-19 portal This article about the COVID-19 pandemic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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Whitty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Whitty"},{"link_name":"Nadhim Zahawi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi"},{"link_name":"Stephen Powis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Powis"},{"link_name":"Amanda Pritchard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Pritchard"},{"link_name":"Simon Stevens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevens"},{"link_name":"Arlene Foster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene_Foster"},{"link_name":"Paul Givan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Givan"},{"link_name":"Charlotte McArdle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_McArdle"},{"link_name":"Michael McBride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)"},{"link_name":"Michelle O'Neill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_O%27Neill"},{"link_name":"Robin Swann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Swann"},{"link_name":"Catherine Calderwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood"},{"link_name":"Joe FitzPatrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_FitzPatrick"},{"link_name":"Jeane Freeman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Freeman"},{"link_name":"Jason Leitch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Leitch"},{"link_name":"Gregor Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Smith"},{"link_name":"Devi Sridhar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devi_Sridhar"},{"link_name":"Nicola Sturgeon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Sturgeon"},{"link_name":"John Swinney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Swinney"},{"link_name":"Humza Yousaf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humza_Yousaf"},{"link_name":"Frank Atherton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Atherton"},{"link_name":"Mark Drakeford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Drakeford"},{"link_name":"Vaughan Gething","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaughan_Gething"},{"link_name":"Eluned Morgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eluned_Morgan,_Baroness_Morgan_of_Ely"},{"link_name":"\"Can You Hear Me\" (Doctors)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_You_Hear_Me%3F_(Doctors)"},{"link_name":"Casualty (series 35)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualty_(series_35)"},{"link_name":"Emergency State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_State_(book)"},{"link_name":"Failures of State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failures_of_State"},{"link_name":"Grayson's Art Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayson%27s_Art_Club"},{"link_name":"Help","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help_(2021_television_film)"},{"link_name":"Hold Still: A Portrait of Our Nation in 2020","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold_Still:_A_Portrait_of_Our_Nation_in_2020"},{"link_name":"Isolation Stories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_Stories"},{"link_name":"Locked Down","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locked_Down_(film)"},{"link_name":"Lockdown Files","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockdown_Files"},{"link_name":"Pandemic Diaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_Diaries"},{"link_name":"Partygate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partygate_(TV_drama)"},{"link_name":"Preventable","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventable_(book)"},{"link_name":"Staged","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staged"},{"link_name":"This England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_England_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Captain Tom Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore"},{"link_name":"Coronavirus Tech Handbook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Tech_Handbook"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 Bereaved Families for Justice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid-19_Bereaved_Families_for_Justice"},{"link_name":"Death of Belly Mujinga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Belly_Mujinga"},{"link_name":"EveryDoctor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EveryDoctor"},{"link_name":"Notable deaths","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"London Blossom Garden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Blossom_Garden"},{"link_name":"Lineage B.1.1.7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_B.1.1.7"},{"link_name":"National Covid Memorial Wall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Covid_Memorial_Wall"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_without_background.png"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID19-pandemic-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID19-pandemic-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID19-pandemic-stub"}],"text":"For COVID-19 pandemic issues within the Crown Dependencies, see:COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey\nCOVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man\nCOVID-19 pandemic in JerseyvteCOVID-19 pandemic\n\t\tCOVID-19 (disease)\n\t\tSARS-CoV-2 (virus)\n\tTimelinePre-pandemic\n\t\t\tSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)\n\t\t\tMiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)\n\t\t\tCrimson Contagion\n\t\t\tDisease X\n\t\t\tEvent 201\n\t\t\tExercise Cygnus\n\t\t\t2019\n\t\t2020\n\t\t\tJanuary\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tFebruary\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tMarch\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tApril\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tMay\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tJune\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tJuly\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tAugust\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tSeptember\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tOctober\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tNovember\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tDecember\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t2021\n\t\t\tJanuary\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tFebruary\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tMarch\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tApril\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tMay\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tJune\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tJuly\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tAugust\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tSeptember\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tOctober\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tNovember\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tDecember\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t2022\n\t\t\tJanuary\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tFebruary\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tMarch\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tApril\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tMay\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tJune\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tJuly\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tAugust\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tSeptember\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tOctober\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\tNovember\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDecember\n\t\t\t\n\t\t2023 and after\n\t\t\t2023\n\t\t\t2024\n\t\tLocationsAfrica\n\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\tnationalresponses\n\t\tNorthern\n\t\t\t\tAlgeria\n\t\t\t\tCanary Islands\n\t\t\t\tCeuta\n\t\t\t\tEgypt\n\t\t\t\tLibya\n\t\t\t\tMauritania\n\t\t\t\tMelilla\n\t\t\t\tMorocco\n\t\t\t\tSudan\n\t\t\t\tTunisia\n\t\t\t\tWestern Sahara\n\t\t\t\t\tSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\n\t\t\tEastern\n\t\t\t\tBurundi\n\t\t\t\tComoros\n\t\t\t\tDjibouti\n\t\t\t\tEritrea\n\t\t\t\tEthiopia\n\t\t\t\tKenya\n\t\t\t\tMadagascar\n\t\t\t\tMauritius\n\t\t\t\tMayotte\n\t\t\t\tRéunion\n\t\t\t\tRwanda\n\t\t\t\tSeychelles\n\t\t\t\tSomalia\n\t\t\t\t\tPuntland\n\t\t\t\tSomaliland\n\t\t\t\tSouth Sudan\n\t\t\t\tTanzania\n\t\t\t\tUganda\n\t\t\tSouthern\n\t\t\t\tAngola\n\t\t\t\tBotswana\n\t\t\t\tEswatini\n\t\t\t\tLesotho\n\t\t\t\tMalawi\n\t\t\t\tMozambique\n\t\t\t\tNamibia\n\t\t\t\tSouth Africa\n\t\t\t\t\tlist of deaths\n\t\t\t\tZambia\n\t\t\t\tZimbabwe\n\t\t\tCentral\n\t\t\t\tCameroon\n\t\t\t\tCentral African Republic\n\t\t\t\tChad\n\t\t\t\tDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\t\t\t\tRepublic of the Congo\n\t\t\t\tGabon\n\t\t\t\tSão Tomé and Príncipe\n\t\t\tWesternBenin\n\t\t\t\tBurkina Faso\n\t\t\t\tCape Verde\n\t\t\t\tEquatorial Guinea\n\t\t\t\tGambia\n\t\t\t\tGhana\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMarch–July\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAugust–December\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\t\t\timpact\n\t\t\t\t\t\teducation\n\t\t\t\tGuinea\n\t\t\t\tGuinea-Bissau\n\t\t\t\tIvory Coast\n\t\t\t\tLiberia\n\t\t\t\tMali\n\t\t\t\tNiger\n\t\t\t\tNigeria\n\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\tSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha\n\t\t\t\tSenegal\n\t\t\t\tSierra Leone\n\t\t\t\tTogo\n\t\t\tAsiaCentral/NorthKazakhstan\n\t\t\t\tKyrgyzstan\n\t\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–June\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJuly–December\n\t\t\t\t\timpact\n\t\t\t\t\t\teconomic\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsocial\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpolitical\n\t\t\t\tTajikistan\n\t\t\t\tTurkmenistan\n\t\t\t\tUzbekistanEast\n\t\t\t\t\tHong Kong\n\t\t\t\t\tJapan\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTokyo\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tNorth Korea\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Korea\n\t\t\t\t\tMacau\n\t\t\t\t\tMongolia\n\t\t\t\t\tTaiwan\n\t\t\t\t\t\trespirator diplomacy\n\t\t\t\tMainland China\n\t\t\t\t\tlockdown\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdetail\n\t\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\t\tBeijing\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics\n\t\t\t\t\tHeilongjiang\n\t\t\t\t\tHenan\n\t\t\t\t\tHubei\n\t\t\t\t\tInner Mongolia\n\t\t\t\t\tLiaoning\n\t\t\t\t\tShanghai\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2022 outbreak\n\t\t\t\t\tSichuan\n\t\t\t\t\tTibet\n\t\t\t\t\tXinjiang\n\t\t\t\tSouth\n\t\t\t\t\tAfghanistan\n\t\t\t\t\tBangladesh\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\tBhutan\n\t\t\t\t\tMaldives\n\t\t\t\t\tNepal\n\t\t\t\t\tPakistan\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTablighi Jamaat hotspot\n\t\t\t\t\tSri Lanka\n\t\t\t\tIndia\n\t\t\t\t\t\teconomic impact\n\t\t\t\t\t\tevacuations\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlockdown\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmigrant workers' crisis\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–May\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJune–December\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\tunion government response\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPM CARES Fund\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstate government responses\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVaccine Maitri\n\t\t\t\t\tBy location\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAndaman and Nicobar Islands\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAndhra Pradesh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tArunachal Pradesh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAssam\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBihar\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChandigarh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChhattisgarh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDelhi\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTablighi Jamaat hotspot\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGoa\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGujarat\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHaryana\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHimachal Pradesh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJammu and Kashmir\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJharkhand\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKarnataka\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKerala\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLadakh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLakshadweep\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMadhya Pradesh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMaharashtra\n\t\t\t\t\t\tManipur\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeghalaya\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMizoram\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNagaland\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOdisha\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPuducherry\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPunjab\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRajasthan\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSikkim\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTamil Nadu\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTelangana\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTripura\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUttar Pradesh\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUttarakhand\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWest Bengal\n\t\t\t\t\tSoutheast\n\t\t\t\t\tBrunei\n\t\t\t\t\tCambodia\n\t\t\t\t\tEast Timor\n\t\t\t\t\tIndonesia\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsocial restrictions\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCommunity Activities Restrictions Enforcement\n\t\t\t\t\tLaos\n\t\t\t\t\tMyanmar\n\t\t\t\t\tSingapore\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcircuit breaker response\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\t\tThailand\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\t\tVietnam\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\tMalaysia\n\t\t\t\t\timpact\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsocial\n\t\t\t\t\t\teconomic\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpolitical\n\t\t\t\t\tAid and relief efforts\n\t\t\t\t\tmovement control order\n\t\t\t\t\tTablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2023\n\t\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\t\tJohor\n\t\t\t\t\tKuala Lumpur\n\t\t\t\t\tSabah\n\t\t\t\t\tSarawak\n\t\t\t\t\tSelangor\n\t\t\t\tPhilippines\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcommunity quarantines\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLuzon\n\t\t\t\t\t\tevacuations\n\t\t\t\t\ttesting controversy\n\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\t\tBangsamoro\n\t\t\t\t\tBicol Region\n\t\t\t\t\tCagayan Valley\n\t\t\t\t\tCalabarzon\n\t\t\t\t\tCaraga\n\t\t\t\t\tCentral Luzon\n\t\t\t\t\tCentral Visayas\n\t\t\t\t\tCordillera\n\t\t\t\t\tDavao Region\n\t\t\t\t\tEastern Visayas\n\t\t\t\t\tIlocos Region\n\t\t\t\t\tMetro Manila\n\t\t\t\t\tMimaropa\n\t\t\t\t\tNorthern Mindanao\n\t\t\t\t\tSoccsksargen\n\t\t\t\t\tWestern Visayas\n\t\t\t\t\tZamboanga Peninsula\n\t\t\t\t\tOverseas Filipinos\n\t\t\t\tWest\n\t\t\t\tArmenia\n\t\t\t\tAzerbaijan\n\t\t\t\t\tArtsakh\n\t\t\t\tBahrain\n\t\t\t\tCyprus\n\t\t\t\t\tNorthern Cyprus\n\t\t\t\tEgypt\n\t\t\t\tGeorgia\n\t\t\t\t\tAbkhazia\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Ossetia\n\t\t\t\tIran\n\t\t\t\tIraq\n\t\t\t\t\tKurdistan Region\n\t\t\t\tIsrael\n\t\t\t\tJordan\n\t\t\t\tKuwait\n\t\t\t\tLebanon\n\t\t\t\tOman\n\t\t\t\tPalestine\n\t\t\t\tQatar\n\t\t\t\tSaudi Arabia\n\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\tSyria\n\t\t\t\tTurkey\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tUnited Arab Emirates\n\t\t\t\tYemen\n\t\t\tEuropeUnited Kingdom\n\t\t\t\t\thistory\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–June 2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJuly–December 2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–June 2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJuly–December 2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–June 2022\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJuly–December 2022\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2023\n\t\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\t\tresponse\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOperation Rescript\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcontracts\n\t\t\t\t\timpact\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsocial\n\t\t\t\t\t\teconomic\n\t\t\t\t\t\teducation\n\t\t\t\tBy location\n\t\t\t\t\tEngland\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–June\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJuly–December\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLondon\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlocal lockdown regulations\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfirst tier regulations\n\t\t\t\t\tNorthern Ireland\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\tScotland\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\tWales\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\tCrown Dependencies\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIsle of Man\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJersey\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGuernsey\n\t\t\t\t\tOverseas territories\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAkrotiri and Dhekelia\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBritish Indian Ocean Territory\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGibraltar\n\t\t\t\tEastern\n\t\t\t\tBelarus\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\tKazakhstan\n\t\t\t\tMoldova\n\t\t\t\t\tGagauzia\n\t\t\t\t\tTransnistria\n\t\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–June 2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJuly–December 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tgovernment responses\n\t\t\t\t\tpolitical impact\n\t\t\t\tTurkey\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tUkraine\n\t\t\t\t\tCrimea\n\t\t\t\t\tSevastopol\n\t\t\tWestern Balkans\n\t\t\t\tAlbania\n\t\t\t\tBosnia and Herzegovina\n\t\t\t\tKosovo\n\t\t\t\tMontenegro\n\t\t\t\tNorth Macedonia\n\t\t\t\tSerbia\n\t\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\tEuropean UnionAustria\n\t\t\t\tBelgium\n\t\t\t\tBulgaria\n\t\t\t\tCroatia\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tCyprus\n\t\t\t\t\tNorthern Cyprus\n\t\t\t\tCzech Republic\n\t\t\t\tDenmark\n\t\t\t\t\tFaroe Islands\n\t\t\t\tEstonia\n\t\t\t\tFinland\n\t\t\t\t\tÅland\n\t\t\t\tFrance\n\t\t\t\t\tGuadeloupe\n\t\t\t\t\tFrench Guiana\n\t\t\t\t\tRéunion\n\t\t\t\t\tMartinique\n\t\t\t\t\tMayotte\n\t\t\t\t\tNormandy\n\t\t\t\t\tSaint Martin\n\t\t\t\tGermany\n\t\t\t\t\tNorth Rhine-Westphalia\n\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\tGreece\n\t\t\t\tHungary\n\t\t\t\tIreland\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\teconomic impact\n\t\t\t\t\tsocial impact\n\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\tItaly\n\t\t\t\t\tlockdowns\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tLatvia\n\t\t\t\tLithuania\n\t\t\t\tLuxembourg\n\t\t\t\tMalta\n\t\t\t\tNetherlands\n\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\tPoland\n\t\t\t\tPortugal\n\t\t\t\tRomania\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tSlovakia\n\t\t\t\tSlovenia\n\t\t\t\tSpain\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\tAsturias\n\t\t\t\t\tCanary Islands\n\t\t\t\t\tCeuta\n\t\t\t\t\tCommunity of Madrid\n\t\t\t\t\tMelilla\n\t\t\t\tSweden\n\t\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOperation Gloria\n\t\t\tEFTA countriesIceland\n\t\t\t\tLiechtenstein\n\t\t\t\tNorway\n\t\t\t\t\tSvalbard\n\t\t\t\tSwitzerland\n\t\t\tMicrostatesAndorra\n\t\t\t\tMonaco\n\t\t\t\tSan Marino\n\t\t\t\tVatican City\n\t\t\tNorthAmericaAtlantic\n\t\t\t\tBermuda\n\t\t\t\tGreenland\n\t\t\t\tSaint Pierre and Miquelon\n\t\t\tCanada\n\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\teconomic impact\n\t\t\t\t\tfederal aid\n\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\t\tby province\n\t\t\t\tmilitary response\n\t\t\t\tAtlantic Bubble\n\t\t\t\tAlberta\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tBritish Columbia\n\t\t\t\tManitoba\n\t\t\t\tNew Brunswick\n\t\t\t\tNewfoundland and Labrador\n\t\t\t\tNorthwest Territories\n\t\t\t\tNova Scotia\n\t\t\t\tNunavut\n\t\t\t\tOntario\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\tOttawa\n\t\t\t\t\tPeel Region\n\t\t\t\t\tToronto\n\t\t\t\t\tYork Region\n\t\t\t\t\tProvincial government response\n\t\t\t\t\tVaccination\n\t\t\t\tPrince Edward Island\n\t\t\t\tQuebec\n\t\t\t\t\tMontreal\n\t\t\t\t\t\tboroughs\n\t\t\t\tSaskatchewan\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tYukon\n\t\t\tCaribbeanCountries\n\t\t\t\t\tAntigua and Barbuda\n\t\t\t\t\tBahamas\n\t\t\t\t\tBarbados\n\t\t\t\t\tCuba\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGuantanamo Bay Naval Base\n\t\t\t\t\tDominica\n\t\t\t\t\tDominican Republic\n\t\t\t\t\tGrenada\n\t\t\t\t\tHaiti\n\t\t\t\t\tJamaica\n\t\t\t\t\tSaint Kitts and Nevis\n\t\t\t\t\tSaint Lucia\n\t\t\t\t\tSaint Vincent and the Grenadines\n\t\t\t\t\tTrinidad and Tobago\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\tBritish Overseas Territories\n\t\t\t\t\tAnguilla\n\t\t\t\t\tBritish Virgin Islands\n\t\t\t\t\tCayman Islands\n\t\t\t\t\tMontserrat\n\t\t\t\t\tTurks and Caicos Islands\n\t\t\t\t\tresponse\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAruba\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCuraçao\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSint Maarten\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCaribbean Netherlands\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBonaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSaba\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSint Eustatius\n\t\t\t\t\tFrench West Indies\n\t\t\t\t\tGuadeloupe\n\t\t\t\t\tMartinique\n\t\t\t\t\tSaint Barthélemy\n\t\t\t\t\tSaint Martin\n\t\t\t\tUS insular areas\n\t\t\t\t\tPuerto Rico\n\t\t\t\t\tU.S. Virgin Islands\n\t\t\t\tCentral America\n\t\t\t\tBelize\n\t\t\t\tCosta Rica\n\t\t\t\tEl Salvador\n\t\t\t\tGuatemala\n\t\t\t\tHonduras\n\t\t\t\tMexico\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\tvaccination\n\t\t\t\tNicaragua\n\t\t\t\tPanama\n\t\t\tUnited States\n\t\t\t\t\tTrump administration communication\n\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\tsocial impact\n\t\t\t\t\teconomic impact\n\t\t\t\t\t2021 hospital crisis\n\t\t\t\tresponses\n\t\t\t\t\tfederal government\n\t\t\t\t\tstate and local governments\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCalifornia government response\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNew York government response\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTexas government response\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEastern States Multi-state Council\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMidwest Governors Regional Pact\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWestern States Pact\n\t\t\t\tBy location\n\t\t\t\t\tAlabama\n\t\t\t\t\tAlaska\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Samoa\n\t\t\t\t\tArizona\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNavajo Nation\n\t\t\t\t\tArkansas\n\t\t\t\t\tCalifornia\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tS.F. Bay Area\n\t\t\t\t\tColorado\n\t\t\t\t\tConnecticut\n\t\t\t\t\tDelaware\n\t\t\t\t\tFlorida\n\t\t\t\t\tGeorgia\n\t\t\t\t\tGuam\n\t\t\t\t\tHawaii\n\t\t\t\t\tIdaho\n\t\t\t\t\tIllinois\n\t\t\t\t\tIndiana\n\t\t\t\t\tIowa\n\t\t\t\t\tKansas\n\t\t\t\t\tKentucky\n\t\t\t\t\tLouisiana\n\t\t\t\t\tMaine\n\t\t\t\t\tMaryland\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\tMassachusetts\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBoston\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\tMichigan\n\t\t\t\t\tMinnesota\n\t\t\t\t\tMississippi\n\t\t\t\t\tMissouri\n\t\t\t\t\tMontana\n\t\t\t\t\tNebraska\n\t\t\t\t\tNevada\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\tNew Hampshire\n\t\t\t\t\tNew Jersey\n\t\t\t\t\tNew Mexico\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNew York City\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\tNorth Carolina\n\t\t\t\t\tNorth Dakota\n\t\t\t\t\tNorthern Mariana Islands\n\t\t\t\t\tOhio\n\t\t\t\t\t\tColumbus\n\t\t\t\t\tOklahoma\n\t\t\t\t\tOregon\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPortland\n\t\t\t\t\tPennsylvania\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPhiladelphia\n\t\t\t\t\tPuerto Rico\n\t\t\t\t\tRhode Island\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Carolina\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Dakota\n\t\t\t\t\tTennessee\n\t\t\t\t\tTexas\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAustin\n\t\t\t\t\tU.S. Virgin Islands\n\t\t\t\t\tUtah\n\t\t\t\t\tVermont\n\t\t\t\t\tVirginia\n\t\t\t\t\tWashington\n\t\t\t\t\tWashington, D.C.\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWhite House\n\t\t\t\t\tWest Virginia\n\t\t\t\t\tWisconsin\n\t\t\t\t\tWyoming\n\t\t\t\tOceania\n\t\t\t\tAmerican Samoa\n\t\t\t\tCook Islands\n\t\t\t\tEaster Island\n\t\t\t\tFederated States of Micronesia\n\t\t\t\tFiji\n\t\t\t\tFrench Polynesia\n\t\t\t\tGuam\n\t\t\t\tHawaii\n\t\t\t\tKiribati\n\t\t\t\tMarshall Islands\n\t\t\t\tNauru\n\t\t\t\tNew Caledonia\n\t\t\t\tNiue\n\t\t\t\tNorthern Mariana Islands\n\t\t\t\tPalau\n\t\t\t\tPapua New Guinea\n\t\t\t\t\tBougainville\n\t\t\t\tPitcairn Islands\n\t\t\t\tSamoa\n\t\t\t\tSolomon Islands\n\t\t\t\tTokelau\n\t\t\t\tTonga\n\t\t\t\tTuvalu\n\t\t\t\tVanuatu\n\t\t\t\tWallis and Futuna\n\t\t\tAustralia\n\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary–June\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJuly–December\n\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\tAustralian Capital Territory\n\t\t\t\tChristmas Island\n\t\t\t\tCocos (Keeling) Islands\n\t\t\t\tNew South Wales\n\t\t\t\tNorfolk Island\n\t\t\t\tNorthern Territory\n\t\t\t\tQueensland\n\t\t\t\tSouth Australia\n\t\t\t\tTasmania\n\t\t\t\tVictoria\n\t\t\t\tWestern Australia\n\t\t\tNew Zealand\n\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\t\t2022\n\t\t\t\t\t2023\n\t\t\t\teconomic impact\n\t\t\t\tgovernment response\n\t\t\t\t\tAlert levels\n\t\t\t\t\tTraffic light system\n\t\t\t\tsocial impact\n\t\t\t\tmanaged isolation\n\t\t\tSouthAmerica\n\t\t\tArgentina\n\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\thuman rights\n\t\t\tBolivia\n\t\t\tBrazil\n\t\t\t\tSão Paulo\n\t\t\tChile\n\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\tEaster Island\n\t\t\tColombia\n\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\t\tEcuador\n\t\t\tFalkland Islands\n\t\t\tFrench Guiana\n\t\t\tGuyana\n\t\t\tParaguay\n\t\t\tPeru\n\t\t\t\tstatistics\n\t\t\t\tCusco\n\t\t\tSuriname\n\t\t\tUruguay\n\t\t\tVenezuela\n\t\tOthers\n\t\t\tAntarctica\n\t\t\tCruise ships\n\t\t\t\tDiamond Princess\n\t\t\t\tGrand Princess\n\t\t\tNaval ships\n\t\t\t\tCharles de Gaulle\n\t\t\t\tUSS Theodore Roosevelt\n\t\tImpactCulture and entertainmentArts andcultural heritage\n\t\t\t\tReferences in popular culture\n\t\t\t\tCinema\n\t\t\t\t\tfilms affected\n\t\t\t\tCorona-chan\n\t\t\t\tDisney\n\t\t\t\tFashion industry\n\t\t\t\tMusic industry\n\t\t\t\tPerforming arts\n\t\t\t\tTelevision\n\t\t\t\t\tU.S.\n\t\t\t\t\t\tU.S. sports\n\t\t\t\t\t\tprograms affected\n\t\t\t\tVideo games\n\t\t\tEducation\n\t\t\t\t\tFemale education\n\t\t\t\t\tHomeschooling\n\t\t\t\tBy country\n\t\t\t\t\tGhana\n\t\t\t\t\tIreland\n\t\t\t\t\tUnited Kingdom\n\t\t\t\t\t\texam grading controversy\n\t\t\t\t\tUnited States\n\t\t\t\tSports\n\t\t\t\t\tBio-secure bubble\n\t\t\t\tBy country\n\t\t\t\t\tIreland\n\t\t\t\t\tPhilippines\n\t\t\t\tBy sport\n\t\t\t\t\tAssociation football\n\t\t\t\t\tBaseball\n\t\t\t\t\tBasketball\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNBA\n\t\t\t\t\tCombat sports\n\t\t\t\t\tCricket\n\t\t\t\t\tDisc golf\n\t\t\t\t\tGaelic games\n\t\t\t\t\tGridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)\n\t\t\t\t\tIce hockey\n\t\t\t\t\tMotorsport\n\t\t\t\t\tRugby league\n\t\t\t\tSociety and rightsSocial impact\n\t\t\t\tSocial media\n\t\t\t\tStigma\n\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 parties\n\t\t\t\tChildren\n\t\t\t\t\tfoster care in the U.S.\n\t\t\t\tPandemic baking\n\t\t\tLabor\n\t\t\t\tHealthcare workers\n\t\t\t\tIndian migrant workers\n\t\t\t\tGreat Resignation\n\t\t\t\tStrikes\n\t\t\tHuman rights\n\t\t\t\tArgentina\n\t\t\t\tHong Kong\n\t\t\t\tMyanmar\n\t\t\t\tNorth Korea\n\t\t\t\tTurkmenistan\n\t\t\tLegal\n\t\t\t\tAbortion in the U.S.\n\t\t\t\tCrime\n\t\t\t\tDomestic violence\n\t\t\t\tPrisons\n\t\t\t\tU.S. immigration detention\n\t\t\tMinority\n\t\t\t\tGender\n\t\t\t\tLGBT community\n\t\t\t\tAfrican communities\n\t\t\t\tDisability community\n\t\t\t\tNative American communities\n\t\t\t\tXenophobia and racism\n\t\t\tReligion\n\t\t\t\tCatholic Church\n\t\t\t\tHajj\n\t\t\tEconomic\n\t\t\t\tCharitable activity\n\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 scams\n\t\t\t\tTravel restrictions\n\t\t\tBy country\n\t\t\t\tCanada\n\t\t\t\tIndia\n\t\t\t\tIreland\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment\n\t\t\t\tMalaysia\n\t\t\t\tNew Zealand\n\t\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\t\tU.K.\n\t\t\t\tU.S.\n\t\t\tBy industry\n\t\t\t\tAviation\n\t\t\t\t\tAirlines\n\t\t\t\tCannabis industry\n\t\t\t\tFood industry\n\t\t\t\t\tmeat industry in Canada\n\t\t\t\t\tmeat industry in the U.S.\n\t\t\t\t\trestaurant industry in the U.S.\n\t\t\t\tHospitals\n\t\t\t\t\tICU capacity\n\t\t\t\tLong-term care facilities\n\t\t\t\tMink farming\n\t\t\t\tPublic transport\n\t\t\t\tRetail\n\t\t\t\tTourism\n\t\t\tSupply and trade\n\t\t\t\tShortages\n\t\t\t\tChip supply\n\t\t\t\tEnergy\n\t\t\t\tGlobal supply chain\n\t\t\t\tOil price war\n\t\t\t\tFood security\n\t\t\tFinancial markets\n\t\t\t\tGlobal stock market crash\n\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 recession\n\t\t\t\tInflation\n\t\t\tInformation\n\t\t\t\tJournalism\n\t\t\t\tMedia coverage\n\t\t\t\tWikipedia's response\n\t\t\tMisinformation\n\t\t\t\tGovernments\n\t\t\t\t\tChina\n\t\t\t\t\tUnited States\n\t\t\t\tBy country\n\t\t\t\t\tCanada\n\t\t\t\t\tPhilippines\n\t\t\t\tIvermectin\n\t\t\t\tPlandemic\n\t\t\tPolitics\n\t\t\t\tNational responses\n\t\t\t\tLegislation\n\t\t\t\tEuropean Union\n\t\t\tPolitical impact\n\t\t\t\tIreland\n\t\t\t\tMalaysia\n\t\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\tProtests\n\t\t\t\tAbkhazia\n\t\t\t\tArgentina\n\t\t\t\tAustralia\n\t\t\t\t\tConvoy to Canberra\n\t\t\t\tAzerbaijan\n\t\t\t\tBelarus\n\t\t\t\tBelgium\n\t\t\t\tBrazil\n\t\t\t\t\t2020 protests\n\t\t\t\t\t2021 protests\n\t\t\t\tBulgaria\n\t\t\t\tCanada\n\t\t\t\t\tconvoy protest\n\t\t\t\tChile\n\t\t\t\tChina\n\t\t\t\t\tBeijing Sitong Bridge protest\n\t\t\t\t\thealthcare reform protests\n\t\t\t\tColombia\n\t\t\t\t\t2021 protests\n\t\t\t\t\t2022 protests\n\t\t\t\tCuba\n\t\t\t\tFrance\n\t\t\t\t\tYellow vests protests\n\t\t\t\t\tlabor protests\n\t\t\t\t\tFrench West Indies social unrest\n\t\t\t\t\tconvoy protest\n\t\t\t\tGermany\n\t\t\t\t\tIdar-Oberstein shooting\n\t\t\t\tGreece\n\t\t\t\tIsrael\n\t\t\t\t\tprotests against Benjamin Netanyahu\n\t\t\t\tItaly\n\t\t\t\tMongolia\n\t\t\t\tNetherlands\n\t\t\t\t\tcurfew riots\n\t\t\t\tNew Zealand\n\t\t\t\t\tWellington protest\n\t\t\t\tParaguay\n\t\t\t\tSerbia\n\t\t\t\tTunisia\n\t\t\t\tUnited Kingdom\n\t\t\t\tUnited States\n\t\t\t\t\tOpen the States\n\t\t\tInternational relations\n\t\t\t\tAid\n\t\t\t\tItaly\n\t\t\t\tMoldovan–Romanian collaboration\n\t\t\t\tNicaragua–Taiwan relations\n\t\t\t\tRespirator diplomacy of Taiwan\n\t\t\t\tVaccine diplomacy\n\t\t\tLanguage\n\t\t\tAnthropause\n\t\t\tDoomscrolling\n\t\t\tFlattening the curve\n\t\t\tGreen recovery\n\t\t\tLong COVID\n\t\t\tQuarantini\n\t\t\tSocial distancing\n\t\t\tSuperspreader\n\t\t\tTwindemic\n\t\t\tZero-COVID\n\t\t\tZoom\n\t\t\tZoom towns\n\t\tOthers\n\t\t\tAnimals\n\t\t\t\tCluster 5\n\t\t\tEnvironment\n\t\t\tMilitary\n\t\t\tPregnant women\n\t\t\tScience and technology\n\t\tHealth issuesMedical topics\n\t\t\tTransmission\n\t\t\t\tSymptoms\n\t\t\tCancer\n\t\t\tEndemic COVID-19\n\t\t\tSkin manifestations\n\t\t\tLong COVID\n\t\t\tMental health\n\t\t\t\tneurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes\n\t\t\tPregnancy\n\t\t\tNon-COVID-19–related health issues\n\t\t\tShortages\n\t\t\tRaise the line\n\t\t\tRehabilitation\n\t\t\tUnproven medical methods\n\t\tTesting andepidemiology\n\t\t\t\tDatasets\n\t\t\t\tDeath rates by country\n\t\t\t\tDisease testing\n\t\t\t\t\tBreathalyzer\n\t\t\t\t\tOperation Moonshot\n\t\t\t\t\tTest to Release\n\t\t\t\t\tUK Rapid Test Consortium\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAbC-19 rapid antibody test\n\t\t\t\tinvestigations into the origins\n\t\t\t\t\tlab leak theory\n\t\t\t\tRapid antigen test\n\t\t\t\tSoftware\n\t\t\t\tSurveillance\n\t\t\t\tUndercounting COVID-19 deaths\n\t\t\tApps\n\t\t\t\tAarogya Setu\n\t\t\t\tBlueTrace\n\t\t\t\tcareFIJI\n\t\t\t\tCoronavirus Australia\n\t\t\t\tCorona-Warn-App\n\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application\n\t\t\t\tCOVID Alert (Canada)\n\t\t\t\tCOVID AlertSA (South Africa)\n\t\t\t\tCOVIDSafe\n\t\t\t\tCOVID Tracker Ireland\n\t\t\t\tCovid Watch\n\t\t\t\tDecentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing\n\t\t\t\tExposure Notification\n\t\t\t\tHealth Code\n\t\t\t\tHealthy Together\n\t\t\t\tImmuni\n\t\t\t\tKoronavilkku\n\t\t\t\tLeaveHomeSafe\n\t\t\t\tMySejahtera\n\t\t\t\tNHS COVID-19\n\t\t\t\tNZ COVID Tracer\n\t\t\t\tNZ Pass Verifier\n\t\t\t\tPathCheck\n\t\t\t\tPeduliLindungi\n\t\t\t\tSafeEntry\n\t\t\t\tSafePass\n\t\t\t\tStaySafe.ph\n\t\t\t\tSwissCovid\n\t\t\t\tTCN Protocol\n\t\t\t\tTest, Trace, Protect\n\t\t\t\tThai Chana\n\t\t\t\tTousAntiCovid\n\t\t\t\tTraceTogether\n\t\t\t\tValtrace\n\t\t\t\tZoe Health Study\n\t\t\tPrevention\n\t\t\tAir purifier (Corsi–Rosenthal Box)\n\t\t\tChloroquine and hydroxychloroquine\n\t\t\tCOVID fatigue\n\t\t\tEvacuations\n\t\t\tFace masks\n\t\t\t\tAnti-mask sentiment\n\t\t\t\tUnited States\n\t\t\tFlattening the curve\n\t\t\tGreat Barrington Declaration\n\t\t\tInternational aid\n\t\t\tLockdowns\n\t\t\tPublic health mitigation\n\t\t\tSafe Hands Challenge\n\t\t\tSocial distancing\n\t\t\tWorkplace hazard controls\n\t\t\tZero-COVID\n\t\tVaccinesTopics\n\t\t\t\tAuthorizations\n\t\t\t\tClinical research\n\t\t\t\tDeployment\n\t\t\t\tDevelopment\n\t\t\t\tEU Certificate\n\t\t\t\tMisinformation and hesitancy\n\t\t\t\t\tDeaths of anti-vaccine advocates\n\t\t\t\t\tUS\n\t\t\t\tOperation Warp Speed (U.S.)\n\t\t\t\tPost-vaccination complications\n\t\t\t\tVaccine card\n\t\t\t\tVaccine passports\n\t\t\tAuthorizedDNA\n\t\t\t\t\tZyCoV-D\n\t\t\t\tInactivated\n\t\t\t\t\tChinese Academy of Medical Sciences\n\t\t\t\t\tCoronaVac\n\t\t\t\t\tCovaxin\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVIran Barekat\n\t\t\t\t\tCoviVac (Russia)\n\t\t\t\t\tFAKHRAVAC\n\t\t\t\t\tMinhai\n\t\t\t\t\tQazCovid-in\n\t\t\t\t\tSinopharm BIBP\n\t\t\t\t\tSinopharm WIBP\n\t\t\t\t\tTurkovac\n\t\t\t\t\tValneva\n\t\t\t\tmRNA\n\t\t\t\t\tModerna\n\t\t\t\t\tPfizer–BioNTech\n\t\t\t\tSubunit\n\t\t\t\t\tAbdala\n\t\t\t\t\tCorbevax (Bio E COVID-19)\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVAX-19\n\t\t\t\t\tEpiVacCorona\n\t\t\t\t\tIndoVac\n\t\t\t\t\tMVC\n\t\t\t\t\tNoora\n\t\t\t\t\tNovavax\n\t\t\t\t\tRazi Cov Pars\n\t\t\t\t\tSinopharm CNBG\n\t\t\t\t\tSoberana 02\n\t\t\t\t\tSoberana Plus\n\t\t\t\t\tZF2001 (Zifivax)\n\t\t\t\tViral vector\n\t\t\t\t\tConvidecia\n\t\t\t\t\tJanssen\n\t\t\t\t\tOxford–AstraZeneca\n\t\t\t\t\tSputnik V\n\t\t\t\t\tSputnik Light\n\t\t\t\tVirus-like particles\n\t\t\t\t\tCoVLP\n\t\t\t\tIn trialsAttenuated\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVI-VAC (United States)\n\t\t\t\tDNA\n\t\t\t\t\tAG0302-COVID‑19\n\t\t\t\t\tGX-19\n\t\t\t\t\tInovio\n\t\t\t\tInactivated\n\t\t\t\t\tKD-414\n\t\t\t\t\tNDV-HXP-S\n\t\t\t\tRNA\n\t\t\t\t\tARCT-021\n\t\t\t\t\tARCT-154\n\t\t\t\t\tBangavax\n\t\t\t\t\tCureVac (terminated)\n\t\t\t\t\tHGC019\n\t\t\t\t\tmRNA-1283\n\t\t\t\t\tPTX-COVID19-B\n\t\t\t\t\tSanofi–Translate Bio (terminated)\n\t\t\t\t\tStemirna COVID-19 vaccine\n\t\t\t\t\tWalvax\n\t\t\t\tSubunit\n\t\t\t\t\t202-CoV\n\t\t\t\t\tAKS-452\n\t\t\t\t\tEuCorVac-19\n\t\t\t\t\tIVX-411\n\t\t\t\t\tNanocovax\n\t\t\t\t\tReCOV\n\t\t\t\t\tSanofi–GSK\n\t\t\t\t\tS-268019\n\t\t\t\t\tSCB-2019\n\t\t\t\t\tSCTV01C\n\t\t\t\t\tSkycovione\n\t\t\t\t\tUB-612\n\t\t\t\t\tV-01\n\t\t\t\t\tV451 (terminated)\n\t\t\t\t\tVabiotech\n\t\t\t\t\tWest China Hospital\n\t\t\t\t\tZhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech\n\t\t\t\tViral vector\n\t\t\t\t\tAdCLD-CoV19\n\t\t\t\t\tBriLife\n\t\t\t\t\tCOH04S1\n\t\t\t\t\tDelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT\n\t\t\t\t\tGRAd-COV2\n\t\t\t\t\tImmunityBio\n\t\t\t\t\tiNCOVACC\n\t\t\t\t\tINNA-051\n\t\t\t\t\tNDV-HXP-S\n\t\t\t\t\tVaxart COVID-19 vaccine\n\t\t\t\tVirus-like particles\n\t\t\t\t\tABNCoV2\n\t\t\t\t\tLYB001\n\t\t\t\t\tMigVax-101\n\t\t\t\t\tVBI-2902\n\t\t\t\tDeploymentby locationAfrica\n\t\t\t\t\tAlgeria\n\t\t\t\t\tAngola\n\t\t\t\t\tBenin\n\t\t\t\t\tBotswana\n\t\t\t\t\tBurkina Faso\n\t\t\t\t\tBurundi\n\t\t\t\t\tCameroon\n\t\t\t\t\tCape Verde\n\t\t\t\t\tCameroon\n\t\t\t\t\tChad\n\t\t\t\t\tComoros\n\t\t\t\t\tDemocratic Republic of the Congo\n\t\t\t\t\tDjibouti\n\t\t\t\t\tEgypt\n\t\t\t\t\tEquatorial Guinea\n\t\t\t\t\tEswatini\n\t\t\t\t\tGhana\n\t\t\t\t\tMorocco\n\t\t\t\t\tNigeria\n\t\t\t\t\tSenegal\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Africa\n\t\t\t\t\tZimbabwe\n\t\t\t\tAsia\n\t\t\t\t\tBangladesh\n\t\t\t\t\tBhutan\n\t\t\t\t\tMainland China\n\t\t\t\t\tIndia\n\t\t\t\t\tIndonesia\n\t\t\t\t\tIran\n\t\t\t\t\tIsrael\n\t\t\t\t\tJapan\n\t\t\t\t\tKazakhstan\n\t\t\t\t\tMalaysia\n\t\t\t\t\tNepal\n\t\t\t\t\tPhilippines\n\t\t\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\t\t\tSingapore\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Korea\n\t\t\t\t\tSri Lanka\n\t\t\t\t\tTaiwan\n\t\t\t\t\tThailand\n\t\t\t\t\tTurkey\n\t\t\t\t\tUnited Arab Emirates\n\t\t\t\t\tVietnam\n\t\t\t\tEurope\n\t\t\t\t\tAlbania\n\t\t\t\t\tBosnia and Herzegovina\n\t\t\t\t\tBulgaria\n\t\t\t\t\tCroatia\n\t\t\t\t\tDenmark\n\t\t\t\t\tFrance\n\t\t\t\t\tGermany\n\t\t\t\t\tGreece\n\t\t\t\t\tHungary\n\t\t\t\t\tIceland\n\t\t\t\t\tIreland\n\t\t\t\t\tItaly\n\t\t\t\t\tMoldova\n\t\t\t\t\tNorway\n\t\t\t\t\tPortugal\n\t\t\t\t\tRomania\n\t\t\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\t\t\tSpain\n\t\t\t\t\tSweden\n\t\t\t\t\tSwitzerland\n\t\t\t\t\tUkraine\n\t\t\t\t\tUnited Kingdom\n\t\t\t\tNorth America\n\t\t\t\t\tCanada\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOntario\n\t\t\t\t\t\tQuebec\n\t\t\t\t\tCuba\n\t\t\t\t\tHaiti\n\t\t\t\t\tMexico\n\t\t\t\t\tUnited States\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmandates\n\t\t\t\tOceania\n\t\t\t\t\tAustralia\n\t\t\t\t\tFiji\n\t\t\t\t\tNew Zealand\n\t\t\t\tSouth America\n\t\t\t\t\tArgentina\n\t\t\t\t\tBrazil\n\t\t\t\t\tColombia\n\t\t\t\t\tPeru\n\t\t\t\tOthers\n\t\t\t\t\tAntarctica\n\t\t\t\tTreatment\n\t\t\t\tDrug development\n\t\t\t\tDrug repurposing research\n\t\t\t\t\tBaricitinib\n\t\t\t\t\tDexamethasone\n\t\t\t\tExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation\n\t\t\t\tOpen-source ventilator\n\t\t\t\tPANORAMIC trial (UK)\n\t\t\t\tRECOVERY Trial (UK)\n\t\t\t\tSolidarity trial (WHO)\n\t\t\tMonoclonal antibodies\n\t\t\t\tBamlanivimab/etesevimab\n\t\t\t\t\tBamlanivimab\n\t\t\t\t\tEtesevimab\n\t\t\t\tBebtelovimab\n\t\t\t\tCasirivimab/imdevimab\n\t\t\t\tRegdanvimab\n\t\t\t\tSarilumab\n\t\t\t\tSotrovimab\n\t\t\t\tTixagevimab/cilgavimab\n\t\t\t\tTocilizumab\n\t\t\tSmall molecule antivirals\n\t\t\t\tBroad-spectrum\n\t\t\t\t\tEnsitrelvir\n\t\t\t\t\tMolnupiravir\n\t\t\t\t\tRemdesivir\n\t\t\t\tCo-packaged\n\t\t\t\t\tNirmatrelvir\n\t\t\t\t\tritonavir\n\t\t\tVariantsSpecific\n\t\t\tAlpha\n\t\t\tBeta\n\t\t\tGamma\n\t\t\tDelta\n\t\t\tEpsilon\n\t\t\tZeta\n\t\t\tEta\n\t\t\tTheta\n\t\t\tIota\n\t\t\tKappa\n\t\t\tLambda\n\t\t\tMu\n\t\t\tOmicron\n\t\t\t\ttimeline\n\t\tGeneral\n\t\t\tCluster 5\n\t\t\tLineage B.1.617\n\t\t\tLineage B.1.640.2\n\t\t\tVariant of concern\n\t\tInstitutionsHospitals andmedical clinicsMainland China\n\t\t\t\tCentral Hospital of Wuhan\n\t\t\t\tDabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre\n\t\t\t\tFangcang hospitals\n\t\t\t\tHuoshenshan Hospital\n\t\t\t\tLeishenshan Hospital\n\t\t\t\tXinjia Express Hotel\n\t\t\t\tWuhan Jinyintan Hospital\n\t\t\tOthers\n\t\t\t\tHospital ships\n\t\t\t\tGarran Surge Centre (Australia)\n\t\t\t\tHospital El Salvador\n\t\t\t\tSevenHills Hospital (India)\n\t\t\t\tKemayoran Athletes Village (Indonesia)\n\t\t\t\tPyongyang General Hospital (North Korea)\n\t\t\t\tMalaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (Malaysia)\n\t\t\t\tMega Ligtas COVID Centers (Philippines)\n\t\t\t\tKandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (Sri Lanka)\n\t\t\t\tSancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital (Turkey)\n\t\t\t\tYeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital (Turkey)\n\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom\n\t\t\t\t\tNHS Nightingale Hospitals (England)\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBirmingham\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLondon\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNorth East\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNorth West\n\t\t\t\t\t\tYorkshire and the Humber\n\t\t\t\t\tNHS Louisa Jordan (Scotland)\n\t\t\t\t\tDragon's Heart Hospital (Wales)\n\t\t\tOrganizationsGlobal\n\t\t\tBy location\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Cabinet (Australia)\n\t\t\t\t\tScienceUpFirst (Canada)\n\t\t\t\t\tWuhan Institute of Virology (China)\n\t\t\t\t\tIndependent SAGE (United Kingdom)\n\t\t\t\tHealthinstitutes\n\t\t\t\t\tAfrica Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (African Union)\n\t\t\t\t\tGhana Infectious Disease Centre (Ghana)\n\t\t\t\t\tDepartment of Health (Hong Kong)\n\t\t\t\t\tKorea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea)\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa)\n\t\t\t\t\tTaiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan)\n\t\t\t\tPandemicinstitutes\n\t\t\t\t\tNational COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board (Australia)\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Canada)\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 Supply Council (Canada)\n\t\t\t\t\tPREPARE (European Union)\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (India)\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force (Indonesia)\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Public Health Emergency Team (Ireland)\n\t\t\t\t\tNovel Coronavirus Expert Meeting (Japan)\n\t\t\t\t\tCrisis Preparedness and Response Centre (Malaysia)\n\t\t\t\t\tDefeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee (Philippines)\n\t\t\t\t\tInter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Philippines)\n\t\t\t\t\tCentral Epidemic Command Center (Taiwan)\n\t\t\t\t\tCoronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (United Kingdom)\n\t\t\t\t\tImperial College COVID-19 Response Team (United Kingdom)\n\t\t\t\t\tJoint Biosecurity Centre (United Kingdom)\n\t\t\t\t\tVaccine Taskforce (United Kingdom)\n\t\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 Advisory Board (United States)\n\t\t\t\t\tGreat American Economic Revival Industry Groups (United States)\n\t\t\t\t\tWhite House Coronavirus Task Force (United States)\n\t\t\t\t\tWhite House COVID-19 Response Team (United States)\n\t\t\t\t\tGACH (Uruguay)\n\t\t\t\tRelief funds\n\t\t\t\t\tPM CARES Fund (India)\n\t\t\t\t\tSAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund (India)\n\t\t\t\t\tArtist Relief (United States)\n\t\t\t\tPeopleMedicalprofessionals\n\t\t\tAi Fen\n\t\t\tCorona Rintawan\n\t\t\tLi Wenliang\n\t\t\tLiu Wen\n\t\t\tXie Linka\n\t\t\tZhang Wenhong\n\t\tResearchers\n\t\t\tAwang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud\n\t\t\tRoberto Burioni\n\t\t\tChen Wei\n\t\t\tKizzmekia Corbett\n\t\t\tAndrea Crisanti\n\t\t\tPeter Daszak\n\t\t\tChristian Drosten\n\t\t\tNeil Ferguson\n\t\t\tDale Fisher\n\t\t\tGeorge F. Gao\n\t\t\tAzra Ghani\n\t\t\tSarah Gilbert\n\t\t\tGuan Yi\n\t\t\tKentaro Iwata\n\t\t\tKatalin Karikó\n\t\t\tMatt Keeling\n\t\t\tTrudie Lang\n\t\t\tLi Lanjuan\n\t\t\tW. Ian Lipkin\n\t\t\tMa Xiaowei\n\t\t\tShabir Madhi\n\t\t\tAllison McGeer\n\t\t\tCamilla Rothe\n\t\t\tShi Zhengli\n\t\t\tMoncef Slaoui\n\t\t\tMike Tildesley\n\t\t\tJohn Todd\n\t\t\tWang Chen\n\t\t\tWang Guangfa\n\t\t\tDrew Weissman\n\t\t\tYuen Kwok-yung\n\t\t\tZeng Guang\n\t\t\tZhang Jixian\n\t\t\tZhang Yongzhen\n\t\t\tZhong Nanshan\n\t\tOfficialsWHO\n\t\t\t\tTedros Adhanom (Director-General of the WHO)\n\t\t\t\tBruce Aylward (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)\n\t\t\t\tMaria Van Kerkhove (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)\n\t\t\t\tMichael J. Ryan (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)\n\t\t\tBy location\n\t\t\t\tFrank Atherton (Wales)\n\t\t\t\tAshley Bloomfield (New Zealand)\n\t\t\t\tCatherine Calderwood (Scotland)\n\t\t\t\tChang Shan-chwen (Taiwan)\n\t\t\t\tAnutin Charnvirakul (Thailand)\n\t\t\t\tChen Shih-chung (Taiwan)\n\t\t\t\tKenneth Chuang Yin-ching (Taiwan)\n\t\t\t\tVictor Costache (Romania)\n\t\t\t\tFabrizio Curcio (Italy)\n\t\t\t\tCarmen Deseda (Puerto Rico)\n\t\t\t\tJaap van Dissel (the Netherlands)\n\t\t\t\tChristian Drosten (Germany)\n\t\t\t\tFrancisco Duque III (Philippines)\n\t\t\t\tAnthony Fauci (United States)\n\t\t\t\tFrancesco Paolo Figliuolo (Italy)\n\t\t\t\tGraça Freitas (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\tHenrique Gouveia e Melo (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\tMatt Hancock (United Kingdom)\n\t\t\t\tHamad Hasan (Lebanon)\n\t\t\t\tGreg Hunt (Australia)\n\t\t\t\tTony Holohan (Ireland)\n\t\t\t\tJeong Eun-kyeong (South Korea)\n\t\t\t\tFahrettin Koca (Turkey)\n\t\t\t\tLi Keqiang (China)\n\t\t\t\tHugo López-Gatell Ramírez (Mexico)\n\t\t\t\tMichael McBride (Northern Ireland)\n\t\t\t\tOriol Mitjà (Andorra)\n\t\t\t\tZweli Mkhize (South Africa)\n\t\t\t\tDoni Monardo (Indonesia)\n\t\t\t\tAlma Möller (Iceland)\n\t\t\t\tSaeed Namaki (Iran)\n\t\t\t\tAla Nemerenco (Moldova)\n\t\t\t\tNguyễn Thanh Long (Vietnam)\n\t\t\t\tNoor Hisham Abdullah (Malaysia)\n\t\t\t\tAli Pilli (Northern Cyprus)\n\t\t\t\tDaniel Salinas (Uruguay)\n\t\t\t\tJérôme Salomon (France)\n\t\t\t\tFernando Simón (Spain)\n\t\t\t\tGregor Smith (Scotland)\n\t\t\t\tSu Ih-jen (Taiwan)\n\t\t\t\tŁukasz Szumowski (Poland)\n\t\t\t\tTheresa Tam (Canada)\n\t\t\t\tAnders Tegnell (Sweden)\n\t\t\t\tÞórólfur Guðnason (Iceland)\n\t\t\t\tSotiris Tsiodras (Greece)\n\t\t\t\tHarsh Vardhan (India)\n\t\t\t\tVíðir Reynisson (Iceland)\n\t\t\t\tCarla Vizzotti (Argentina)\n\t\t\t\tVlad Voiculescu (Romania)\n\t\t\t\tChris Whitty (United Kingdom)\n\t\t\t\tLawrence Wong (Singapore)\n\t\t\t\tJeff Zients (United States)\n\t\t\tOthers\n\t\t\tChen Qiushi\n\t\t\tBrett Crozier\n\t\t\tFang Bin\n\t\t\tFang Fang\n\t\t\tJoseph Ashitey Hammond\n\t\t\tLi Zehua\n\t\t\tCaptain Tom Moore\n\t\t\tQiu Menghuang\n\t\t\tRen Zhiqiang\n\t\tDeaths\n\t\t\tList\n\t\tData (templates)Global\n\t\t\tCases, deaths, recoveries by country\n\t\t\tTests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country\n\t\t\tTests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision\n\t\t\tWHO situation reports\n\t\t\t\tcases\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 2020\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 2021\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 2021\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 2021\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 2021\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 2021\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 2021\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 2021\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 2021\n\t\t\t\tdeaths\n\t\t\tWorld map by countries: confirmed per capita\n\t\t\t\tChina\n\t\t\tHospital beds by country\n\t\t\tLockdowns<\n\t\tAfrica\n\t\t\tAlgeria\n\t\t\tAngola\n\t\t\tBenin\n\t\t\tBotswana\n\t\t\tBurkina Faso\n\t\t\tBurundi\n\t\t\tCameroon\n\t\t\tComoros\n\t\t\tEgypt\n\t\t\tEswatini\n\t\t\tEthiopia\n\t\t\tGhana\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tIvory Coast\n\t\t\tKenya\n\t\t\tLibya\n\t\t\tMalawi\n\t\t\tMali\n\t\t\tMauritania\n\t\t\tMauritius\n\t\t\tMorocco (including occupied Western Sahara)\n\t\t\tMozambique\n\t\t\tNamibia\n\t\t\tNigera\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tSão Tomé and Príncipe\n\t\t\tSenegal\n\t\t\tSeychelles\n\t\t\tSierra Leone\n\t\t\tSouth Africa\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tSouth Sudan\n\t\t\tSudan\n\t\t\tTanzania\n\t\t\tTogo\n\t\t\tTunisia\n\t\t\tUganda\n\t\t\tZambia\n\t\t\tZimbabwe\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\tAmericas\n\t\t\tArgentina\n\t\t\tBolivia\n\t\t\tBrazil\n\t\t\tCanada\n\t\t\t\tby province\n\t\t\t\tvaccinations by province\n\t\t\tChile\n\t\t\t\tby commune\n\t\t\tColombia\n\t\t\tCosta Rica\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tCuba\n\t\t\tDominican Republic\n\t\t\tEcuador\n\t\t\tEl Salvador\n\t\t\tGuatemala\n\t\t\tHaiti\n\t\t\tHonduras\n\t\t\tMexico\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tNicaragua\n\t\t\tPanama\n\t\t\tParaguay\n\t\t\tPeru\n\t\t\tUnited States\n\t\t\t\tby state\n\t\t\tUruguay\n\t\t\tVenezuela\n\t\tAsia\n\t\t\tAfghanistan\n\t\t\tArmenia\n\t\t\t\tArtsakh\n\t\t\tAzerbaijan\n\t\t\tBahrain\n\t\t\tBangladesh\n\t\t\t\tby division\n\t\t\tBhutan\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tBrunei\n\t\t\tCambodia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tsummary\n\t\t\tChina\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tconfirmed per capita\n\t\t\t\tlockdowns\n\t\t\t\tby province\n\t\t\t\tHong Kong\n\t\t\t\tMacau\n\t\t\tCyprus\n\t\t\tEast Timor\n\t\t\tEgypt\n\t\t\tGeorgia\n\t\t\tIndia\n\t\t\tIndonesia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tIran\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tIraq\n\t\t\tIsrael\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tJapan\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tJordan\n\t\t\tKazakhstan\n\t\t\tKuwait\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tKyrgyzstan\n\t\t\tLaos\n\t\t\tLebanon\n\t\t\tMalaysia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tcharts\n\t\t\tMyanmar\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tsummary\n\t\t\tNepal\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tOman\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tPakistan\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tPhilippines\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tareas of quarantine\n\t\t\t\tvaccinations chart\n\t\t\tQatar\n\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tby federal subject\n\t\t\t\tNorth Asia\n\t\t\tSaudi Arabia\n\t\t\tSingapore\n\t\t\tSouth Korea\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tvaccinations charts\n\t\t\tSri Lanka\n\t\t\tSyria\n\t\t\tTaiwan\n\t\t\t\tvaccination charts\n\t\t\tTajikistan\n\t\t\tThailand\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tTurkey\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tUnited Arab Emirates\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tUzbekistan\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tVietnam\n\t\t\t\tstatistics charts\n\t\t\tYemen\n\t\tEurope\n\t\t\tAlbania\n\t\t\tAustria\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tBelarus\n\t\t\tBelgium\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tBosnia and Herzegovina\n\t\t\tBulgaria\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tCroatia\n\t\t\tCyprus\n\t\t\tCzech Republic\n\t\t\tDenmark\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tFaroe Islands\n\t\t\tEstonia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tFinland\n\t\t\tFrance\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tGermany\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tGreece\n\t\t\tHungary\n\t\t\tIceland\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tIreland\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tItaly\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tstatistics charts\n\t\t\t\tvaccinations chart\n\t\t\tKosovo\n\t\t\tLatvia\n\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tLithuania\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tLuxembourg\n\t\t\tMalta\n\t\t\tMoldova\n\t\t\tMonaco\n\t\t\tMontenegro\n\t\t\tNetherlands\n\t\t\tNorth Macedonia\n\t\t\tNorway\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tPoland\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tby voivodeship\n\t\t\tPortugal\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tRomania\n\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tRussia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tby federal subject\n\t\t\t\tNorth Asia\n\t\t\tSan Marino\n\t\t\tSerbia\n\t\t\tSlovakia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\t\tby region\n\t\t\tSlovenia\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tSpain\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tSweden\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tSwitzerland\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tTurkey\n\t\t\t\tcases chart\n\t\t\tUkraine\n\t\t\tUnited Kingdom\n\t\t\t\tScotland\n\t\t\t\t\t2020\n\t\t\t\t\t2021\n\t\t\t\tGibraltar\n\t\t\t\tvaccinations chart\n\t\t\t\t\tdaily\n\t\t\t\t\tby nation\n\t\t\tVatican City\n\t\tOceania\n\t\t\tAustralia\n\t\t\t\tby state/territory\n\t\t\tFiji\n\t\t\tFrench Polynesia\n\t\t\tNew Caledonia\n\t\t\tNew Zealand\n\t\t\tPapua New Guinea\n\t\t\tSolomon Islands\n\t\tOthers\n\t\t\tCruise ships\n\t\t\t\tDiamond PrincessvteCOVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories\nHistory\nStatistics\nTimeline\n2020\nJanuary–June\nJuly–December\n2021\nJanuary–June\nJuly–December\n2022\nJanuary–June\nJuly–December\n2023\n2024\nLocationsUnited Kingdom\nEngland\nLondon\nNorthern Ireland\nScotland\nWales\nCrown Dependencies\nGuernsey\nIsle of Man\nJersey\nOverseas Territories\nAkrotiri and 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqif_Pasha_Elbasani
Aqif Pasha Elbasani
["1 Life","2 See also","3 Further","4 References"]
Albanian politician and activist involved in the Albanian National Awakening Aqif Pashë ElbasaniPashëBorn1860Elbasan, Ottoman Empire (modern day Albania)Died(1926-02-10)10 February 1926NationalityAlbanian OttomanOther namesAqif Pashë Biçaku, Aqif Pashë BiçakçiuOccupationPoliticianKnown forCongress of LushnjeChildrenIbrahim BiçakçiuParentsMahmud Pertef Pasha Biçakçiu (father)Shefikat Hanëm Alizoti (mother)RelativesVasfije Alizoti (Aunt), Essad Pasha Toptani, Gani Toptani, Nejre Toptani, Sabushe Toptani, Merushe Toptani (maternal first cousins), Qemal Karaosmani (Cousin)FamilyBiçakçiuSignature Aqif Pasha Biçaku mostly known as Aqif Pashë Elbasani (1860 – 10 February 1926) was an Ottoman Albanian political figure in the Sanjak of Elbasan and after the Young Turk Revolution became an activist for the Albanian national cause. Life Aqif Pasha was born in 1860 , Elbasan, back then Vilayet of Monastir, Ottoman Empire, today central Albania, son of Mahmud Pertef Pasha Biçakçiu , patriarch of one of the three landowning influential and respected families of the town and his mother Shefikat Hanëm Alizoti from the Alizoti family, who’s sister was Vafsije Alizoti the mother of Essad pasha Toptani and Gani Toptani which made him the maternal first cousin of Esad Pasha Toptani and Gani Toptani. His surname, derived from Turkish bıçakçı, means "knifesmith" suggesting that was his ancestors' craft/profession (cognate with the Bosniak surname Bičakčić). In his first school years he was taught privately and afterwards he was educated in Istanbul. He was an activist of the Albanian National Awakening in the Elbasan region. He is remembered for having raised the Albanian flag in Elbasan on 26 November 1912 at the request of Ismail Qemal bey Vlora. In 1913 he was elected Prefect of Elbasan. He supported Qemal in his attempt to form a stable administration and was Minister of the Interior for a brief period in 1914 (28 March - 3 September) during the reign of Prince William of Wied. After the triumph of the Islamic Revolt in 1914 he left Albania together with Wied. He settled in Bari, Italy, and after a couple of months returned to Albania, settling in Shkodër since going back to Elbasan was impossible. In 1915 he joined a secret nationalist committee founded by Hoxha Kadri Prishtina in Shkodër, together with other patriots as Sotir Peçi, Eshref Frashëri, Ali Shefqet Shkupi, etc. The committee was a precursor of the later Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo. Following the Montenegrin invasion of Shkodër in 1915, he was arrested and sent to internment for a few months together with Luigj Gurakuqi and Sotir Peçi. Following an Austro-Hungarian offensive, Montenegro capitulated and Biçakçiu and other were set free. As a pro-Austrian he propagandized between Albanians not to oppose the Austrian armies. Biçakçiu took part in an unsuccessful congress in his native Elbasan in 1916 to restore Albanian independence, in cooperation with the Austrian authorities, specifically August Ritter von Kral. Biçakçiu aimed at restoring the Prince Wied and the Principality of Albania. The same Austrian authorities would prohibit such an event. In this condition, he resigned from any political duty. He was not involved until the Congress of Durrës in December 1918. Despite the desire of participating in the event, Biçakçiu could only send a telegram where he advised aiming at reestablishing the borders of Treaty of London, 1913 as a sign of "neutrality" of the Albania state. At the same time, the telegram positioned him against the pro-Italian spirit of the Durrës Congress which characterized most of the participants. Statue of Aqif Pasha in Elbasan In 1920, he chaired the Congress of Lushnje and was one of the central figures who rules the Albanian politics of that time, together with Eshref Frashëri and Ahmet Zogu. As a representative of the Bektashi community, he was elected to the four-member High Regency Council (Këshilli i Lartë i Regjencës) that ruled the Principality of Albania after the exile of Prince Wied. Biçakçiu was a foe of Shefqet Vërlaci and had often tenuous relations with Ahmet Zogu. Together with Dom Luigj Bumçi, he took part in a coup d’état in December 1921 and was later relieved of his duties on the High Council by Zogu. In 1923–1924, Biçaku represented Korça in the Albanian parliament as a member of a pro-Noli democratic opposition. After the suppression of the June Revolution in December 1924 and fall of the Noli government, he went into exile. Sejfi Vllamasi, another political refugee in Vienna would describe him as a "great patriot, but stubborn and insistent till the end". He married Ifete Hanëm Vrioni of the Vrioni family and had a son with her, Ibrahim Biçakçiu. Ibrahim was a Balli Kombëtar leader and served as Prime Minister of Albania during the period 29 August to 28 November 1944. He was arrested by the Communist authorities after World War II. In 1962, he was given the "Order for Patriotic Activity of Second Class" by the Albanian government. After the fall of communism in Albania, a statue of him was placed in a plaza of Elbasan. See also Lef Nosi Albanian Declaration of Independence Principality of Albania Further Pavarësia e Elbasanit 1912 : (35 firmëtarët) , Hyqmet Kotherja, Tirana, Shtëpi Botimi "2 Lindje, 2 Perëndime", 2012, ISBN 9789995606503 References ^ Vlora, Eqrem bej (2003). Kujtime 1885-1925. Translated by Afrim Koçi. Tiranë: IDK. p. 569. ISBN 99927-780-6-7. ^ Kruja, Mustafa; Margjokaj, P. Paulin (2006). Letërkëmbim (1947-1958). Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa. p. 373. ISBN 99943-34-47-6. ^ Dervishi, Kastriot (2012). Kryeministrat dhe ministrat e shtetit shqiptar në 100 vjet. Tiranë: 55. p. 90. ISBN 9789994356225. ^ Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH (1985), Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar, Tirana, p. 94, OCLC 15296028{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ^ a b c Robert Elsie (2010), Historical Dictionary of Albania, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, vol. 75 (2 ed.), Scarecrow Press, p. 51, ISBN 978-0810861886 ^ Kristo Luarasi, ed. (21 January 1915), "Në Shkodër" , Liri i Shqipërisë, Sofia: 1 ^ Historia e Shqipërisë, vol. III: 1912-1944, Akad. e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Inst. i Historisë, 1984, p. 161, OCLC 158371855 ^ Nosi, Lef (2007), Marenglen Verli (ed.), Dokumente historike për t'i shërbye historisë sonë kombëtare (2 ed.), Tirana: Instituti i Historise, pp. 18–20, ISBN 9789995610043 ^ Nosi 2007, pp. 188–189. ^ Muin Çami (1987), Shqipëria në marrëdhëniet ndërkombëtare, 1914-1918, Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historise, pp. 261–262, OCLC 29020978 ^ Muin Çami (1975), Lufta e popullit shqiptar për çlirimin kombëtar 1918-1920, Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSH, Instituti i Historisë, pp. 66–67, OCLC 16130971 ^ Turhan Pashë Përmeti, Shqipëria përballë Konferencës së Paqes Paris 1919: dokumenta zyrtane të paraqitura nga ana e Dërgates Shqiptare, qysh prej 12 Shkurtit e deri më 5 Qershor 1919, e të botuara nga ana e Qeverisë së Përkohshme (1 ed.), Rome, pp. 7–8 ^ Muin Çami (1969), Lufta çlirimtare antiimperialiste e popullit shqiptar në vitet 1918-1920, Tirana: Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës, Instituti i Historisë dhe i Gjuhësisë, pp. 37–50, OCLC 19553077 ^ Sejfi Vllamasi (1995), Marenglen Verli (ed.), Ballafaqime politike në Shqipëri (1897-1942) : kujtime dhe vlerësime historike, Tirana: Shtëpia Botuese "Marin Barleti", pp. 136–137, OCLC 37228559 ^ "none". Zeri i popullit. Tirana: Partia e Punës së Shqipërisë. Komiteti Qëndror. 27 November 1962. OCLC 30942094. Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Germany United States
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Albania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania"}],"text":"Aqif Pasha was born in 1860 , Elbasan, back then Vilayet of Monastir, Ottoman Empire, today central Albania, son of Mahmud Pertef Pasha Biçakçiu , patriarch of one of the three landowning influential and respected families of the town and his mother Shefikat Hanëm Alizoti from the Alizoti family, who’s sister was Vafsije Alizoti the mother of Essad pasha Toptani and Gani Toptani which made him the maternal first cousin of Esad Pasha Toptani and Gani Toptani.[1][2] His surname, derived from Turkish bıçakçı, means \"knifesmith\" suggesting that was his ancestors' craft/profession (cognate with the Bosniak surname Bičakčić). In his first school years he was taught privately and afterwards he was educated in Istanbul.[3]He was an activist of the Albanian National Awakening in the Elbasan region.[4] He is remembered for having raised the Albanian flag in Elbasan on 26 November 1912 at the request of Ismail Qemal bey Vlora. In 1913 he was elected Prefect of Elbasan. He supported Qemal in his attempt to form a stable administration and was Minister of the Interior for a brief period in 1914 (28 March - 3 September) during the reign of Prince William of Wied.[5]After the triumph of the Islamic Revolt in 1914 he left Albania together with Wied. He settled in Bari, Italy, and after a couple of months returned to Albania, settling in Shkodër since going back to Elbasan was impossible.[6] In 1915 he joined a secret nationalist committee founded by Hoxha Kadri Prishtina in Shkodër, together with other patriots as Sotir Peçi, Eshref Frashëri, Ali Shefqet Shkupi, etc.[7] The committee was a precursor of the later Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo.Following the Montenegrin invasion of Shkodër in 1915, he was arrested and sent to internment for a few months together with Luigj Gurakuqi and Sotir Peçi. Following an Austro-Hungarian offensive, Montenegro capitulated and Biçakçiu and other were set free. As a pro-Austrian he propagandized between Albanians not to oppose the Austrian armies.[8] Biçakçiu took part in an unsuccessful congress in his native Elbasan in 1916 to restore Albanian independence, in cooperation with the Austrian authorities, specifically August Ritter von Kral. Biçakçiu aimed at restoring the Prince Wied and the Principality of Albania. The same Austrian authorities would prohibit such an event.In this condition, he resigned from any political duty.[9][10] He was not involved until the Congress of Durrës in December 1918. Despite the desire of participating in the event, Biçakçiu could only send a telegram where he advised aiming at reestablishing the borders of Treaty of London, 1913 as a sign of \"neutrality\" of the Albania state. At the same time, the telegram positioned him against the pro-Italian spirit of the Durrës Congress which characterized most of the participants.[11][12][13]Statue of Aqif Pasha in ElbasanIn 1920, he chaired the Congress of Lushnje and was one of the central figures who rules the Albanian politics of that time, together with Eshref Frashëri and Ahmet Zogu. As a representative of the Bektashi community, he was elected to the four-member High Regency Council (Këshilli i Lartë i Regjencës) that ruled the Principality of Albania after the exile of Prince Wied. Biçakçiu was a foe of Shefqet Vërlaci and had often tenuous relations with Ahmet Zogu. Together with Dom Luigj Bumçi, he took part in a coup d’état in December 1921 and was later relieved of his duties on the High Council by Zogu.[5]In 1923–1924, Biçaku represented Korça in the Albanian parliament as a member of a pro-Noli democratic opposition. After the suppression of the June Revolution in December 1924 and fall of the Noli government, he went into exile.[5] Sejfi Vllamasi, another political refugee in Vienna would describe him as a \"great patriot, but stubborn and insistent till the end\".[14]He married Ifete Hanëm Vrioni of the Vrioni family and had a son with her, Ibrahim Biçakçiu. Ibrahim was a Balli Kombëtar leader and served as Prime Minister of Albania during the period 29 August to 28 November 1944. He was arrested by the Communist authorities after World War II.In 1962, he was given the \"Order for Patriotic Activity of Second Class\" by the Albanian government.[15]After the fall of communism in Albania, a statue of him was placed in a plaza of Elbasan.","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9789995606503","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789995606503"}],"text":"Pavarësia e Elbasanit 1912 : (35 firmëtarët) [Independence of Elbasan 1912: (35 signatories)], Hyqmet Kotherja, Tirana, Shtëpi Botimi \"2 Lindje, 2 Perëndime\", 2012, ISBN 9789995606503","title":"Further"}]
[{"image_text":"Statue of Aqif Pasha in Elbasan","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Aqif_Elbasani_Statue_in_Elbasan_2013-09.jpg/250px-Aqif_Elbasani_Statue_in_Elbasan_2013-09.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Lef Nosi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lef_Nosi"},{"title":"Albanian Declaration of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence"},{"title":"Principality of Albania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Albania"}]
[{"reference":"Vlora, Eqrem bej (2003). Kujtime 1885-1925. Translated by Afrim Koçi. Tiranë: IDK. p. 569. ISBN 99927-780-6-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eqrem_bej_Vlora","url_text":"Vlora, Eqrem bej"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebenserinnerungen&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Kujtime 1885-1925"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrim_Ko%C3%A7i&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Afrim Koçi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/99927-780-6-7","url_text":"99927-780-6-7"}]},{"reference":"Kruja, Mustafa; Margjokaj, P. Paulin (2006). Letërkëmbim (1947-1958). Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa. p. 373. ISBN 99943-34-47-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Merlika_Kruja","url_text":"Kruja, Mustafa"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/99943-34-47-6","url_text":"99943-34-47-6"}]},{"reference":"Dervishi, Kastriot (2012). Kryeministrat dhe ministrat e shtetit shqiptar në 100 vjet. Tiranë: 55. p. 90. ISBN 9789994356225.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kryeministrat_dhe_ministrat_e_shtetit_shqiptar_n%C3%AB_100_vjet&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Kryeministrat dhe ministrat e shtetit shqiptar në 100 vjet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789994356225","url_text":"9789994356225"}]},{"reference":"Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH (1985), Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar, Tirana, p. 94, OCLC 15296028","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15296028","url_text":"15296028"}]},{"reference":"Robert Elsie (2010), Historical Dictionary of Albania, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, vol. 75 (2 ed.), Scarecrow Press, p. 51, ISBN 978-0810861886","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Elsie","url_text":"Robert Elsie"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810861886","url_text":"978-0810861886"}]},{"reference":"Kristo Luarasi, ed. (21 January 1915), \"Në Shkodër\" [In Scuttari], Liri i Shqipërisë, Sofia: 1","urls":[]},{"reference":"Historia e Shqipërisë, vol. III: 1912-1944, Akad. e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Inst. i Historisë, 1984, p. 161, OCLC 158371855","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/158371855","url_text":"158371855"}]},{"reference":"Nosi, Lef (2007), Marenglen Verli (ed.), Dokumente historike për t'i shërbye historisë sonë kombëtare (2 ed.), Tirana: Instituti i Historise, pp. 18–20, ISBN 9789995610043","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marenglen_Verli","url_text":"Marenglen Verli"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789995610043","url_text":"9789995610043"}]},{"reference":"Muin Çami (1987), Shqipëria në marrëdhëniet ndërkombëtare, 1914-1918, Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historise, pp. 261–262, OCLC 29020978","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29020978","url_text":"29020978"}]},{"reference":"Muin Çami (1975), Lufta e popullit shqiptar për çlirimin kombëtar 1918-1920, Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSH, Instituti i Historisë, pp. 66–67, OCLC 16130971","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16130971","url_text":"16130971"}]},{"reference":"Turhan Pashë Përmeti, Shqipëria përballë Konferencës së Paqes Paris 1919: dokumenta zyrtane të paraqitura nga ana e Dërgates Shqiptare, qysh prej 12 Shkurtit e deri më 5 Qershor 1919, e të botuara nga ana e Qeverisë së Përkohshme (1 ed.), Rome, pp. 7–8","urls":[]},{"reference":"Muin Çami (1969), Lufta çlirimtare antiimperialiste e popullit shqiptar në vitet 1918-1920, Tirana: Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës, Instituti i Historisë dhe i Gjuhësisë, pp. 37–50, OCLC 19553077","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19553077","url_text":"19553077"}]},{"reference":"Sejfi Vllamasi (1995), Marenglen Verli (ed.), Ballafaqime politike në Shqipëri (1897-1942) : kujtime dhe vlerësime historike, Tirana: Shtëpia Botuese \"Marin Barleti\", pp. 136–137, OCLC 37228559","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37228559","url_text":"37228559"}]},{"reference":"\"none\". Zeri i popullit. Tirana: Partia e Punës së Shqipërisë. Komiteti Qëndror. 27 November 1962. OCLC 30942094.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30942094","url_text":"30942094"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_Robin_Hood_(1968_film)
The Legend of Robin Hood (1968 film)
["1 Cast","2 References","3 External links"]
1968 film The Legend of Robin Hood is a 90-minute TV musical aired by NBC in 1968. Douglas Fairbanks Jr. played King Richard the Lionheart. Cast David Watson as Robin Hood Douglas Fairbanks Jr. as Richard the Lionheart Lee Beery as Maid Marian References ^ Page, D. (1968, Jan 19). "Another Fairbanks roams Sherwood Forest" Los Angeles Times External links The Legend of Robin Hood at IMDb The Legend of Robin Hood at BFI vteRobin HoodUniverseCharactersMain Robin Hood Maid Marian The Jolly Pinder of Wakefield Sheriff of Nottingham Guy of Gisbourne Prince John Bishop of Hereford Richard at the Lee King Richard Merry Men Little John Much the Miller's Son Will Scarlet Arthur a Bland David of Doncaster Will Stutely Friar Tuck Alan-a-Dale Gilbert Whitehand Settings Sherwood Forest Major Oak Nottingham Loxley St Mary's Abbey, York Barnsdale Wentbridge MediaScreenFilm Robin Hood (1912) Robin Hood (1922) The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) The Bandit of Sherwood Forest (1946) The Prince of Thieves (1948) Rogues of Sherwood Forest (1950) Tales of Robin Hood (1951) The Story of Robin Hood (1952) The Men of Sherwood Forest (1954) Sword of Sherwood Forest (1960) The Triumph of Robin Hood (1962) A Challenge for Robin Hood (1967) Long Live Robin Hood (1971) Wolfshead: The Legend of Robin Hood (1973) The Arrows of Robin Hood (1975) Robin and Marian (1976) Aaj Ka Robin Hood (1988) O Mistério de Robin Hood (1990) Robin Hood (1991) Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) Robin Hood (2010) Robin Hood (2018) TV Robin Hood (1953) The Adventures of Robin Hood (1955) The Legend of Robin Hood (1968) The Legend of Robin Hood (1975) Robin of Sherwood (1984) The New Adventures of Robin Hood (1997) Robin Hood (2006) Robyn Hood (2023) Animated Robin Hood Makes Good (1939) Rabbit Hood (1949) Robin Hood Daffy (1958) Robin Hoodwinked (1958) Rocket Robin Hood (1966) Robin Hood (1973) Robin Hood (1990) Young Robin Hood (1991) Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse (2012) Sherwood (2019) Parody About Seven Brothers (1968) When Things Were Rotten (1975) The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood (1984) Maid Marian and Her Merry Men (1989) Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993) Alternatesettings Mexicali Rose (1939 film) Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964 film) Naan Sigappu Manithan (1985 Tamil film) Nyayam Meere Cheppali (1985 Telugu film) Robin of Locksley (1996 film) Catch Me Now (2008 Chinese TV series) Alyas Robin Hood (2016 Philippines TV series) Popular culture Statue of Robin Hood Robin Hood (DC Comics character) Robin Hood (Disney character) Robin Hood (Once Upon a Time character) Child ballads 8: Erlinton 102: Willie and Earl Richard's Daughter 103: Rose the Red and White Lily 115: Robyn and Gandeleyn 117: A Gest of Robyn Hode 118: Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne 119: Robin Hood and the Monk 120: Robin Hood's Death 121: Robin Hood and the Potter 123: Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar 124: The Jolly Pinder of Wakefield 126: Robin Hood and the Tanner 127: Robin Hood and the Tinker 128: Robin Hood Newly Revived 129: Robin Hood and the Prince of Aragon 130: Robin Hood and the Scotchman 131: Robin Hood and the Ranger 132: The Bold Pedlar and Robin Hood 136: Robin Hood's Delight 138: Robin Hood and Allan-a-Dale 139: Robin Hood's Progress to Nottingham 140: Robin Hood Rescuing Three Squires 141: Robin Hood Rescuing Will Stutly 142: Little John a Begging 143: Robin Hood and the Bishop 144: Robin Hood and the Bishop of Hereford 145: Robin Hood and Queen Katherine 146: Robin Hood's Chase 147: Robin Hood's Golden Prize 148: The Noble Fisherman 151: The King's Disguise, and Friendship with Robin Hood 152: Robin Hood and the Golden Arrow 153: Robin Hood and the Valiant Knight 154: A True Tale of Robin Hood Stage / theatre The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington (1598 and 1601 plays) The Merrie Men of Sherwood Forest (1871 operetta) Robin Hood (1890 De Koven opera) The Foresters (1892 play) Twang!! (1965 musical parody) Robin Hood (1934 Tippett opera) Robin Hood (1998 ballet) Robin des Bois (2013 musical) Video games Robin of Sherwood: The Touchstones of Rhiannon (1985) Robin of the Wood (1985) Super Robin Hood (1986) The Adventures of Robin Hood (1991) Conquests of the Longbow: The Legend of Robin Hood (1991) Robin Hood: The Legend of Sherwood (2002) Robin Hood: Defender of the Crown (2003) Volume (2015) Hood: Outlaws & Legends (2021) Literature Ivanhoe (1819) Maid Marian (1822) The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood (1883) Bows against the Barons (1934) The Once and Future King (1958) The Outlaws of Sherwood (1988) Through a Dark Mist (1991) Lady of the Forest (1992) In the Shadow of Midnight (1994) The Last Arrow (1997) Lady of Sherwood (1999) King Raven Trilogy (2006) Music Legend (1984 soundtrack) Robin Hood (2006 soundtrack) "Love" (song) "Not in Nottingham" (song) "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" (song) The Tale of Gamelyn Alan Dale Outlaw (2009) Holy Warrior (2010) King's Man (2011) The Outlaw Chronicles (2012-2016) Related Miss Robin Hood Son of the Guardsman The Son of Robin Hood The Bandit of Sherwood Forest Princess of Thieves Robin Hood's Larder Robin Hood Morality Test "Robot of Sherwood" "Robin Good and His Not-So-Merry Men" Once Upon a Time The Tales of Robin Hood (former Nottingham attraction) Once Upon a Studio Category This article about a musical film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger-gun
Finger gun
["1 Variations","2 Laws and rulings","2.1 In schools","3 Politics","3.1 Brazil","4 In film and television","5 References"]
Hand gesture This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (August 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Finger gun" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The finger gun gesture The finger gun is a hand gesture in which a person will use their hand to mimic a handgun, raising their thumb above their fist to act as a hammer, and one or two fingers extended perpendicular to it acting as a barrel. The middle finger can also act as the trigger finger or part of the barrel itself. Also, an optional clicking of the fingers or making firing sounds with the mouth can be included when forming the "gun" as to emphasise the gesture. The gesture can be intended to be a threat, or simply a friendly gesture. Variations The "finger gun" is sometimes used to indicate a strong desire to be put out of one's misery, either from boredom or exasperation, or to express one's dislike for a situation. It can be used as an insulting gesture, as to suggest that another person's brain should be blown out of the back of their head. (It is generally used as an insulting gesture or as a means of intimidation.) Another form is the combination of two hands to express a greeting, or to acknowledge something as funny, clever, or insightful, like Gotcha! or What's up? Laws and rulings In 2019, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania ruled that using a "gun-like hand gesture", "imitating the firing and recoiling of a gun" as intimidation, is a crime of disorderly conduct. In schools Children, teenagers and teacher's assistants have occasionally been punished or removed from school for making the gesture. In some cases, this was because authority figures interpreted it as a signal for threatening real violence, while in others they interpreted it as unacceptably supportive of gun violence in general. These have often been labeled as "ridiculous" by most commentators. In 2006, Fahim Ahmad allegedly made the gesture when speaking about the possibility of Canadian Security Intelligence Service agents coming to his apartment, which was used as evidence of his conspiracy to commit terrorism by a police informant. Politics Brazil Jair Bolsonaro making the finger gun gesture Former president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro usually makes the finger gun gesture alluding to his ideas of changing the gun control laws to make weapons more accessible to the regular citizen. This gesture became a symbol of the Bolsonarism, being used by supporters of the ideology. On 27 September 2019, Jair Bolsonaro's son, deputy Eduardo Bolsonaro (PSL), posed for a photo in front of the Non-Violence sculpture at the United Nations headquarters in New York City making the finger gun gesture. In film and television In cinema, the gesture has been used extensively, often for comedic effect, and two well-known cases are those in the Italian film Where Are You Going on Holiday? in 1978, in which it is done by the character played by Elisabetta Pozzi, and in the 1985 film The Breakfast Club, in which it is used by actress Ally Sheedy. Additional examples include Death Wish, The Losers, The Expendables 2, Crank, Taxi Driver, Gran Torino, Reservoir Dogs, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Spring Breakers, Better Call Saul, and Scott Pilgrim vs. The World. The finger gun is used multiple times by the titular character from the TV series Veronica Mars. It is also famously used in both UK and U.S. versions of The Office. The gesture is also used as a technique in YuYu Hakusho by the main character, Yusuke Urameshi, whereby he can shoot spirit energy out of his index finger, the Spirit Gun. References ^ "finger guns - POP CULTURE DICTIONARY". Dictionary.com. 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2021-12-07. ^ CBS News, CBS 21 (2019-08-28). "Pennsylvania court rules that man's 'gun-like hand gesture' is a crime". WHP. Retrieved 2019-08-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ Hoy, Wayne K. (2005). Educational Leadership and Reform. p. 311. ISBN 1-59311-321-8. ^ "School gives hands-on lesson after kids pull finger-guns". Boston Herald. March 28, 2000. ^ "Boys Get In Trouble For Playing With Finger Guns". TheDenverChannel.com. May 14, 2002. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2016. ^ Stahl, Michael J. (2004). Ethical Perspectives. p. 2. ISBN 0-7817-5541-7. ^ "Canada: The Cell Next Door". Frontline. PBS. January 30, 2007. ^ "Hyper-Masculinity and Gun Control in Jair Bolsonaro's Brazil". The Globe Post. 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2020-07-25. ^ Trevisani, Paulo (2019-05-08). "Bolsonaro Further Eases Brazilians' Access to Guns". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-07-25. ^ "Em apoio a Bolsonaro, mulher faz sinal de armas em frente à imagem de Jesus" . Band Notícias. 17 October 2018. ^ "Eduardo Bolsonaro se explica por "arminha" em frente a escultura pela paz". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-07-25. ^ "Eduardo Bolsonaro faz gesto de arma em frente a monumento pela paz em NY" . Folha de São Paulo. 27 September 2019. ^ "Top 10 Finger guns (in the movies)". Popbabble. 2016-07-12. Retrieved 2022-05-07. ^ Standoff - The Office US, retrieved 2022-05-07 vteGesturesFriendly gestures Aegyo Air kiss Applause Cheek kiss Dap Elbow bump Eskimo kiss Finger heart Fist bump Forehead kiss Hand heart Handshake Hand wave High five Hongi ILY sign Kiss Liberian snap handshake Namaste OK Pinky swear Pound hug Shaka Thumb signal Gestures of respect Adab Añjali Mudrā Bow Canonical digits Curtsy Fist-and-palm Gadaw Genuflection Hand-kiss Hat tip Kowtow Kuji-in Mano Mudra Namaste Ojigi Orans Pranāma Prostration Sampeah Sembah Schwurhand Wai Zolgokh Salutes Bellamy salute Nazi salute Raised fist Roman salute Scout sign and salute Three-finger salute (Serbian) Three-finger salute (pro-democracy) Two-finger salute Vulcan salute Wolf salute Zogist salute Celebratory gestures Applause Crossed hands Fist pump High five Low five Victory clasp V sign Finger-counting Chinese number gestures Chisanbop Finger binary Obscene gestures Anasyrma Bras d'honneur Fig sign Middle finger Mooning Mountza Nazi salute Reversed V sign Shocker Sign of the horns Thumb/index-finger ring Wanker Taunts Akanbe Loser Talk to the hand Head motions Head bobble Head shake Nod Other gestures Air quotes Allergic salute Aussie salute Awkward turtle Che vuoi? Crossed fingers Distress signal Duterte fist Eyelid pull Facepalm Finger gun Gang signal Hand-in-waistcoat Hand rubbing Jazz hands Laban sign Merkel-Raute Pointing Pollice verso Shrug Sign of the cross Related List of gestures Articulatory gestures Hand signals Manual communication Mudras Nonverbal communication Sign language
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Action!_(Unsplash).jpg"},{"link_name":"hand gesture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_gesture"},{"link_name":"hand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand"},{"link_name":"mimic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicry"},{"link_name":"handgun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgun"},{"link_name":"hammer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammer_(firearm)"},{"link_name":"barrel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_barrel"},{"link_name":"trigger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)"},{"link_name":"barrel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_barrel"}],"text":"The finger gun gestureThe finger gun is a hand gesture in which a person will use their hand to mimic a handgun, raising their thumb above their fist to act as a hammer, and one or two fingers extended perpendicular to it acting as a barrel. The middle finger can also act as the trigger finger or part of the barrel itself. Also, an optional clicking of the fingers or making firing sounds with the mouth can be included when forming the \"gun\" as to emphasise the gesture. The gesture can be intended to be a threat, or simply a friendly gesture.","title":"Finger gun"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"The \"finger gun\" is sometimes used to indicate a strong desire to be put out of one's misery, either from boredom or exasperation, or to express one's dislike for a situation. It can be used as an insulting gesture, as to suggest that another person's brain should be blown out of the back of their head. (It is generally used as an insulting gesture or as a means of intimidation.)Another form is the combination of two hands to express a greeting, or to acknowledge something as funny, clever, or insightful, like Gotcha! or What's up?[1]","title":"Variations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Superior Court of Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_Court_of_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"intimidation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intimidation"},{"link_name":"disorderly conduct","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disorderly_conduct"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"In 2019, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania ruled that using a \"gun-like hand gesture\", \"imitating the firing and recoiling of a gun\" as intimidation, is a crime of disorderly conduct.[2]","title":"Laws and rulings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Fahim Ahmad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahim_Ahmad"},{"link_name":"Canadian Security Intelligence Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service"},{"link_name":"terrorism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pbs-7"}],"sub_title":"In schools","text":"Children, teenagers and teacher's assistants have occasionally been punished or removed from school for making the gesture. In some cases, this was because authority figures interpreted it as a signal for threatening real violence, while in others they interpreted it as unacceptably supportive of gun violence in general.[3][4][5] These have often been labeled as \"ridiculous\" by most commentators.[6]In 2006, Fahim Ahmad allegedly made the gesture when speaking about the possibility of Canadian Security Intelligence Service agents coming to his apartment, which was used as evidence of his conspiracy to commit terrorism by a police informant.[7]","title":"Laws and rulings"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_Solenidade_de_Assinatura_do_Decreto_que_revoga_o_Hor%C3%A1rio_de_Ver%C3%A3o_(cropped).jpg"},{"link_name":"Jair Bolsonaro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro"},{"link_name":"Jair Bolsonaro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro"},{"link_name":"gun control laws","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_control_in_Brazil"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Bolsonarism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Eduardo Bolsonaro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Bolsonaro"},{"link_name":"PSL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Liberal_Party_(Brazil)"},{"link_name":"Non-Violence sculpture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Violence_(sculpture)"},{"link_name":"United Nations headquarters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Brazil","text":"Jair Bolsonaro making the finger gun gestureFormer president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro usually makes the finger gun gesture alluding to his ideas of changing the gun control laws to make weapons more accessible to the regular citizen.[8][9] This gesture became a symbol of the Bolsonarism, being used by supporters of the ideology.[10]On 27 September 2019, Jair Bolsonaro's son, deputy Eduardo Bolsonaro (PSL), posed for a photo in front of the Non-Violence sculpture at the United Nations headquarters in New York City making the finger gun gesture.[11][12]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Where Are You Going on Holiday?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_Are_You_Going_on_Holiday%3F"},{"link_name":"Elisabetta Pozzi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetta_Pozzi"},{"link_name":"The Breakfast Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakfast_Club"},{"link_name":"Ally Sheedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ally_Sheedy"},{"link_name":"Death Wish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Wish_(1974_film)"},{"link_name":"The Losers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Losers_(2010_film)"},{"link_name":"The Expendables 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Expendables_2"},{"link_name":"Crank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_(film)"},{"link_name":"Taxi Driver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxi_Driver"},{"link_name":"Gran Torino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Torino"},{"link_name":"Reservoir Dogs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_Dogs"},{"link_name":"Ferris Bueller's Day Off","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferris_Bueller%27s_Day_Off"},{"link_name":"Spring Breakers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Breakers"},{"link_name":"Better Call Saul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Call_Saul"},{"link_name":"Scott Pilgrim vs. The World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Pilgrim_vs._the_World"},{"link_name":"Veronica Mars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Mars"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"UK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Office_(British_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"U.S.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Office_(American_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The Office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Office"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"YuYu Hakusho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YuYu_Hakusho"},{"link_name":"Yusuke Urameshi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuke_Urameshi"}],"text":"In cinema, the gesture has been used extensively, often for comedic effect, and two well-known cases are those in the Italian film Where Are You Going on Holiday? in 1978, in which it is done by the character played by Elisabetta Pozzi, and in the 1985 film The Breakfast Club, in which it is used by actress Ally Sheedy. Additional examples include Death Wish, The Losers, The Expendables 2, Crank, Taxi Driver, Gran Torino, Reservoir Dogs, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Spring Breakers, Better Call Saul, and Scott Pilgrim vs. The World. The finger gun is used multiple times by the titular character from the TV series Veronica Mars.[13] It is also famously used in both UK and U.S. versions of The Office.[14] The gesture is also used as a technique in YuYu Hakusho by the main character, Yusuke Urameshi, whereby he can shoot spirit energy out of his index finger, the Spirit Gun.","title":"In film and television"}]
[{"image_text":"The finger gun gesture","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Action%21_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Action%21_%28Unsplash%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Jair Bolsonaro making the finger gun gesture","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2019_Solenidade_de_Assinatura_do_Decreto_que_revoga_o_Hor%C3%A1rio_de_Ver%C3%A3o_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2019_Solenidade_de_Assinatura_do_Decreto_que_revoga_o_Hor%C3%A1rio_de_Ver%C3%A3o_%28cropped%29.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"finger guns - POP CULTURE DICTIONARY\". Dictionary.com. 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2021-12-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/finger-guns/","url_text":"\"finger guns - POP CULTURE DICTIONARY\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary.com","url_text":"Dictionary.com"}]},{"reference":"CBS News, CBS 21 (2019-08-28). \"Pennsylvania court rules that man's 'gun-like hand gesture' is a crime\". WHP. Retrieved 2019-08-29.","urls":[{"url":"http://local21news.com/news/local/pa-superior-court-rules-that-manor-township-mans-gun-like-hand-gesture-is-a-crime","url_text":"\"Pennsylvania court rules that man's 'gun-like hand gesture' is a crime\""}]},{"reference":"Hoy, Wayne K. (2005). Educational Leadership and Reform. p. 311. ISBN 1-59311-321-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59311-321-8","url_text":"1-59311-321-8"}]},{"reference":"\"School gives hands-on lesson after kids pull finger-guns\". Boston Herald. March 28, 2000.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Herald","url_text":"Boston Herald"}]},{"reference":"\"Boys Get In Trouble For Playing With Finger Guns\". TheDenverChannel.com. May 14, 2002. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120315222039/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/1458180/detail.html","url_text":"\"Boys Get In Trouble For Playing With Finger Guns\""},{"url":"http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/1458180/detail.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Stahl, Michael J. (2004). Ethical Perspectives. p. 2. ISBN 0-7817-5541-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7817-5541-7","url_text":"0-7817-5541-7"}]},{"reference":"\"Canada: The Cell Next Door\". Frontline. PBS. January 30, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/about/episodes/602_transcript.html","url_text":"\"Canada: The Cell Next Door\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)","url_text":"Frontline"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service","url_text":"PBS"}]},{"reference":"\"Hyper-Masculinity and Gun Control in Jair Bolsonaro's Brazil\". The Globe Post. 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2020-07-25.","urls":[{"url":"https://theglobepost.com/2019/01/09/brazil-masculinity-guns/","url_text":"\"Hyper-Masculinity and Gun Control in Jair Bolsonaro's Brazil\""}]},{"reference":"Trevisani, Paulo (2019-05-08). \"Bolsonaro Further Eases Brazilians' Access to Guns\". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-07-25.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/bolsonaro-further-eases-brazilians-access-to-guns-11557344770","url_text":"\"Bolsonaro Further Eases Brazilians' Access to Guns\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660","url_text":"0099-9660"}]},{"reference":"\"Em apoio a Bolsonaro, mulher faz sinal de armas em frente à imagem de Jesus\" [Supporting Bolsonaro, woman make finger gun gesture in front of image of Jesus]. Band Notícias. 17 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000935685/emapoioabolsonaromulherfazsinaldearmasemfrenteaimagemdejesus.html","url_text":"\"Em apoio a Bolsonaro, mulher faz sinal de armas em frente à imagem de Jesus\""}]},{"reference":"\"Eduardo Bolsonaro se explica por \"arminha\" em frente a escultura pela paz\". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-07-25.","urls":[{"url":"https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2019/09/27/eduardo-bolsonaro-se-explica-por-arminha-em-frente-a-escultura-pela-paz.htm","url_text":"\"Eduardo Bolsonaro se explica por \"arminha\" em frente a escultura pela paz\""}]},{"reference":"\"Eduardo Bolsonaro faz gesto de arma em frente a monumento pela paz em NY\" [Eduardo Bolsonaro makes a fire-gun gesture in front of monument for the peace at NY]. Folha de São Paulo. 27 September 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2019/09/eduardo-bolsonaro-faz-gesto-de-arma-em-frente-a-monumento-pela-paz-em-ny.shtml","url_text":"\"Eduardo Bolsonaro faz gesto de arma em frente a monumento pela paz em NY\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 10 Finger guns (in the movies)\". Popbabble. 2016-07-12. Retrieved 2022-05-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.popbabble.org/movies/actors/top-10-finger-guns-in-the-movies/","url_text":"\"Top 10 Finger guns (in the movies)\""}]},{"reference":"Standoff - The Office US, retrieved 2022-05-07","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cb5DITStXlI","url_text":"Standoff - The Office US"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helle_(mythology)
Helle (mythology)
["1 Mythology","2 Notes","3 References"]
Ancient Greek mythological figure HelleBoeotian princess and Eponym of HellespontMember of the Athamantian Royal HousePhrixus and Helle (after a fresco from Pompeii)Other namesAthamantisAbodeAthamantis in Boeotia later ColchisPersonal informationParentsAthamas and NepheleSiblingsPhrixus LearchesMelicertesSchoeneusLeuconPtousConsortPoseidonOffspringAlmopsPaeonHelle (/ˈhɛli/; Ancient Greek: Ἕλλη, romanized: Héllē), or Ellie, sometimes also called Athamantis (Ancient Greek: Ἀθαμαντίς, "daughter of Athamas"), was a character in Greek mythology who figured prominently in the story of Jason and the Argonauts. Helle is known for giving her name to the strait of Hellespont ("sea of Helle"), in which she fell while crossing it along with her brother Phrixus. Mythology Phrixus, son of King Athamas of Boeotia and the half-nymph Nephele, along with his twin sister, Helle, were hated by their stepmother, Ino. Ino hatched a devious plot to get rid of the twins, roasting all the town's crop seeds so they would not grow. The local farmers, frightened of famine, asked a nearby oracle for assistance. Ino bribed the men sent to the oracle to lie and tell the others that the oracle required the sacrifice of Phrixus. Yet before he was killed, Phrixus and Helle were rescued by a flying golden ram sent by Nephele, their natural mother. For reasons unknown, Helle fell off the ram into the Hellespont (which was subsequently named after her) and either drowned or was rescued by Poseidon and turned into a sea-goddess, but Phrixus survived all the way to Colchis, where King Aeetes took him in and treated him kindly, giving Phrixus his daughter, Chalciope, in marriage. In gratitude, Phrixus gave the king the golden fleece of the ram, which Aeetes placed in a consecrated grove, under the care of a sleepless dragon. With the Greek god Poseidon, Helle was the mother of the giant Almops and Paeon (called Edonus in some accounts). Notes ^ Theoi Project. "Helle". Retrieved November 23, 2018. ^ Bell, Robert E. (1991). Women of Classical Mythology. ABC-CLIO. pp. 230. ISBN 0-87436-581-3. ^ Smith, William (1867). "Paeon". In William Smith (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 83. References Bell, Robert E., Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-Clio. 1991. ISBN 9780874365818, 0874365813. This article relating to Greek mythology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"/ˈhɛli/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"Ancient Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language"},{"link_name":"romanized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek"},{"link_name":"Ancient Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language"},{"link_name":"Greek mythology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythology"},{"link_name":"Jason","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason"},{"link_name":"Argonauts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonauts"},{"link_name":"Hellespont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles"},{"link_name":"Phrixus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrixus"}],"text":"Helle (/ˈhɛli/; Ancient Greek: Ἕλλη, romanized: Héllē), or Ellie, sometimes also called Athamantis (Ancient Greek: Ἀθαμαντίς, \"daughter of Athamas\"), was a character in Greek mythology who figured prominently in the story of Jason and the Argonauts. Helle is known for giving her name to the strait of Hellespont (\"sea of Helle\"), in which she fell while crossing it along with her brother Phrixus.","title":"Helle (mythology)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Phrixus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrixus"},{"link_name":"Athamas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athamas"},{"link_name":"Boeotia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeotia"},{"link_name":"nymph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymph"},{"link_name":"Nephele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephele"},{"link_name":"Ino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)"},{"link_name":"oracle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle"},{"link_name":"Hellespont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellespont"},{"link_name":"Poseidon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidon"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Colchis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchis"},{"link_name":"Aeetes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeetes"},{"link_name":"Chalciope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalciope"},{"link_name":"golden fleece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_fleece"},{"link_name":"Aeetes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeetes"},{"link_name":"Almops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almops"},{"link_name":"Paeon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paeon_(son_of_Poseidon)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DGRBM2-3"}],"text":"Phrixus, son of King Athamas of Boeotia and the half-nymph Nephele, along with his twin sister, Helle, were hated by their stepmother, Ino. Ino hatched a devious plot to get rid of the twins, roasting all the town's crop seeds so they would not grow. The local farmers, frightened of famine, asked a nearby oracle for assistance. Ino bribed the men sent to the oracle to lie and tell the others that the oracle required the sacrifice of Phrixus.Yet before he was killed, Phrixus and Helle were rescued by a flying golden ram sent by Nephele, their natural mother. For reasons unknown, Helle fell off the ram into the Hellespont (which was subsequently named after her) and either drowned or was rescued by Poseidon[1] and turned into a sea-goddess, but Phrixus survived all the way to Colchis, where King Aeetes took him in and treated him kindly, giving Phrixus his daughter, Chalciope, in marriage. In gratitude, Phrixus gave the king the golden fleece of the ram, which Aeetes placed in a consecrated grove, under the care of a sleepless dragon.With the Greek god Poseidon, Helle was the mother of the giant Almops and Paeon (called Edonus in some accounts).[2][3]","title":"Mythology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"\"Helle\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.theoi.com/Pontios/Helle.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"Women of Classical Mythology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/230"},{"link_name":"ABC-CLIO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO"},{"link_name":"230","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/230"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-87436-581-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87436-581-3"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-DGRBM2_3-0"},{"link_name":"Smith, William","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)"},{"link_name":"\"Paeon\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;idno=acl3129.0003.001;q1=paeon;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=91"},{"link_name":"William Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)"},{"link_name":"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology"},{"link_name":"Little, Brown and Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company"}],"text":"^ Theoi Project. \"Helle\". Retrieved November 23, 2018.\n\n^ Bell, Robert E. (1991). Women of Classical Mythology. ABC-CLIO. pp. 230. ISBN 0-87436-581-3.\n\n^ Smith, William (1867). \"Paeon\". In William Smith (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 83.","title":"Notes"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"Theoi Project. \"Helle\". Retrieved November 23, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.theoi.com/Pontios/Helle.html","url_text":"\"Helle\""}]},{"reference":"Bell, Robert E. (1991). Women of Classical Mythology. ABC-CLIO. pp. 230. ISBN 0-87436-581-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/230","url_text":"Women of Classical Mythology"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO","url_text":"ABC-CLIO"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/230","url_text":"230"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87436-581-3","url_text":"0-87436-581-3"}]},{"reference":"Smith, William (1867). \"Paeon\". In William Smith (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 83.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)","url_text":"Smith, William"},{"url":"http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;idno=acl3129.0003.001;q1=paeon;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=91","url_text":"\"Paeon\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)","url_text":"William Smith"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology","url_text":"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company","url_text":"Little, Brown and Company"}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www.theoi.com/Pontios/Helle.html","external_links_name":"\"Helle\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/230","external_links_name":"Women of Classical Mythology"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/230","external_links_name":"230"},{"Link":"http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;idno=acl3129.0003.001;q1=paeon;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=91","external_links_name":"\"Paeon\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helle_(mythology)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations
Malaysia–Nigeria relations
["1 Economic relations","2 See also","3 References"]
Bilateral relationsMalaysia–Nigeria relations Malaysia Nigeria Malaysia–Nigeria relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and Nigeria. Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja, and Nigeria has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. Both are the members of D-8 and have been diplomatic friends since early 1965 when the late Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria's first Prime Minister, became a good friend of one of Malaysia's post-independence leaders, Tunku Abdul Rahman. Their relations are based on economic co-operation. Economic relations A Nigeria-Malaysia Business Council is existed between the countries. In 2015, the trade value between the two stood at $766.8 million with Malaysia's main export to Nigeria comprising petroleum products, palm oil and palm based products, machineries and processed food while Nigeria's main export to Malaysia was liquefied natural gas, iron ore, metal scrap and agricultural goods. Nigeria emerged as Malaysia's second largest trading partner among African countries, after South Africa. Around 456 Nigerian officials also benefited from various capacity building programmes under the Malaysia Technical Cooperation Programme (MTCP), and Nigeria has become the largest source of African students in Malaysia. See also Africans in Malaysia Portals: Malaysia Nigeria Politics References ^ "Official Website of High Commission of Malaysia, Abuja". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Retrieved 7 February 2018. ^ "Home". Nigeria High Commission Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved 7 February 2018. ^ Buhari Gabar (27 May 2007). "Nigeria Malaysia Relations". Daily Trust. AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 7 February 2018. ^ "Home". Nigeria Malaysia Business Council. Retrieved 7 February 2018. ^ "Malaysia's bilateral trade with Nigeria hits $766.8m in 2015 — Envoy". Premium Times. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. ^ a b Abdullateef Salau (4 March 2017). "My take on Nigeria, Nigerians – Malaysian envoy". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. ^ Abdullateef Salau (18 September 2016). "Nigeria-Malaysia trade upped by 121%". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018. vte Foreign relations of MalaysiaBilateral relationsAfrica Algeria Egypt Ethiopia Gambia Ghana Kenya Libya Malawi Mauritius Morocco Namibia Nigeria Senegal Seychelles South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Americas Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador Jamaica Mexico Peru United States Uruguay Venezuela Asia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Brunei Cambodia China Hong Kong East Timor Georgia India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Europe Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Holy See Hungary Italy Kosovo Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Oceania Australia Fiji New Zealand Solomon Islands Former South Vietnam Soviet Union Multilateral relations Malaysia and the Commonwealth of Nations European Union United Nations DiplomacyTreatiesFormer Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement (AMDA) Current Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC) Territorial disputes South China Sea Spratly Islands Related topics Diplomatic missions of Malaysia / in Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Made in Malaysia brands Malaysia My Second Home vte Foreign relations of NigeriaAfrica Angola Cameroon Chad Ghana Kenya Malawi Niger Sahrawi Republic South Africa Americas Barbados Brazil Mexico United States Asia Azerbaijan Bangladesh China India Indonesia Israel Japan Malaysia North Korea Pakistan Palestine Philippines Saudi Arabia Turkey Europe Germany Greece Kosovo Poland Russia Spain Former states Yugoslavia Diplomatic missions Diplomatic missions of Nigeria / in Nigeria Minister of Foreign Affairs This article about bilateral relations is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
[{"title":"Africans in Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africans_in_Malaysia"},{"title":"Portals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"},{"title":"Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Malaysia"},{"title":"Nigeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Nigeria"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg"},{"title":"Politics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pawnee_(ATF-74)
USS Pawnee (ATF-74)
["1 Service history","2 References","3 Suggested Reading","4 External links"]
Tugboat of the United States Navy For other ships with the same name, see USS Pawnee. History United States NameUSS Pawnee BuilderUnited Engineering Company, Alameda, California Laid down23 October 1941 Launched31 March 1942 Commissioned7 November 1942 DecommissionedJanuary 1947 ReclassifiedATF–74, 15 May 1944 Stricken1 September 1962 Fate Disposed of by scrapping 9 November 1971 General characteristics Class and typeNavajo-class fleet tug Displacement1,675 long tons (1,702 t) Length205 ft (62 m) Beam38 ft 6 in (11.73 m) Draft15 ft 4 in (4.67 m) Speed16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) Complement85 officers and enlisted Armament 1 × 3 in (76 mm) gun 2 × 40 mm guns USS Pawnee (AT-74/ATF-74) was a Navajo-class fleet tug in the United States Navy. Pawnee was laid down on 23 October 1941 by the United Engineering Company, Alameda, California; launched on 31 March 1942 and commissioned on 7 November 1942. Service history After a Pacific coast Shakedown cruise Pawnee was assigned to Service Force, Pacific. In December 1942, she steamed for Pearl Harbor and commenced towing operations. She stood out of Pearl Harbor in early January, steamed for the forward Pacific area with the floating drydock USS ARD–5 in tow, and reported to ComSoPac for duty the 29th at Espiritu Santo. Pawnee operated in the Solomons from June through August 1943, providing towing services at New Georgia and Rendova. She next provided services at Vella Lavella until October. Other operations took her to the Western Carolines, Okinawa, Leyte, and Luzon. She was reclassified as ATF–74 on 15 May 1944. On 14 October 1944, off the coast of Formosa, the Cleveland-class light cruiser USS Houston was hit by a torpedo amidships and taken under tow by Pawnee. Two days later, with the damaged cruiser still attached by a tow line, another wave of Japanese torpedo bombers attacked Houston hitting her in the stern with a second torpedo. Damage was controlled and Pawnee with Houston reached Ulithi on 27 October. She served with the Naval Occupation Forces in the Philippines from 28 September 1945 until 24 February 1946, when she sailed to Pearl Harbor. In January 1947 she decommissioned and entered the Columbia River Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Pawnee was struck from the Navy List on 1 September 1962 and placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Olympia, Washington, where she remained until 1971. Pawnee was sold on 9 November 1971 to Hatch and Kirk, Inc of Seattle, WA for $31,850 and was broken up the next year. References ^ "NH 98825 USS Houston (CL-81)". ^ "PMARS is currently down for maintainence ". Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2010-07-26. ^ "PMARS is currently down for maintainence ". Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2010-07-26.  This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here. Suggested Reading Mason, Theodore C. (1996). We Will Stand By You: Serving in the Pawnee, 1942-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-581-0. A personal account of a radioman who served aboard the Pawnee from her commissioning until 1945. External links Photo gallery of USS Pawnee at NavSource Naval History vteNavajo / Cherokee-class fleet tugs Navajo Seminole Cherokee Apache Arapaho Chippewa Choctaw Hopi Kiowa Menominee Pawnee Sioux Ute Bannock Carib Chickasaw Cree Lipan Mataco Moreno Narragansett Nauset Pinto Seneca Tawasa Tekesta Yuma Zuni Other operators United States Coast Guard Ute Lipan Cherokee Tamaroa (ex-Zuni)  Argentine Navy Comandante General Zapiola (ex-Arapaho)  Chilean Navy Yelcho (ex-Tekesta)  Republic of China Navy Ta Wan (ex-Apache) Ta Han (ex-Hopi) Ta Tung (ex-Chickasaw) Ta Feng (ex-Narragansett)  Colombian National Navy Pedro de Heredia (ex-Choctaw) Sebastián de Belalcázar (ex-Carib)  Dominican Navy Macorix (ex-Kiowa)  Indonesian Navy Rakata (ex-Menominee)  Italian Coast Guard Bannock  Pakistan Navy Madadgar (ex-Yuma)  Peruvian Navy Guardian Rios (ex-Pinto)  Turkish Navy Gazal (ex-Sioux) Preceded by: USS Acushnet Followed by: Abnaki class List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"USS Pawnee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pawnee"},{"link_name":"Navajo-class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo-class_fleet_tug"},{"link_name":"fleet tug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_tug"},{"link_name":"United States Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy"},{"link_name":"Alameda, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alameda,_California"}],"text":"For other ships with the same name, see USS Pawnee.USS Pawnee (AT-74/ATF-74) was a Navajo-class fleet tug in the United States Navy.Pawnee was laid down on 23 October 1941 by the United Engineering Company, Alameda, California; launched on 31 March 1942 and commissioned on 7 November 1942.","title":"USS Pawnee (ATF-74)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shakedown cruise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakedown_cruise"},{"link_name":"Pearl Harbor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor"},{"link_name":"floating drydock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_floating_drydock#Auxiliary_Repair_Docks_(ARD)"},{"link_name":"USS ARD–5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Waterford_(ARD-5)"},{"link_name":"Espiritu Santo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espiritu_Santo"},{"link_name":"Solomons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands"},{"link_name":"New Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Rendova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendova"},{"link_name":"Vella Lavella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vella_Lavella"},{"link_name":"Western Carolines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Carolines"},{"link_name":"Okinawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Island"},{"link_name":"Leyte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyte_Island"},{"link_name":"Luzon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon"},{"link_name":"Formosa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formosa"},{"link_name":"Cleveland-class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland-class_cruiser"},{"link_name":"light cruiser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_cruiser"},{"link_name":"USS Houston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Houston_(CL-81)"},{"link_name":"torpedo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_torpedo"},{"link_name":"torpedo bombers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_bombers"},{"link_name":"Ulithi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulithi"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"link_name":"Navy List","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Vessel_Register"},{"link_name":"National Defense Reserve Fleet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_Reserve_Fleet"},{"link_name":"Olympia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia,_Washington"},{"link_name":"Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(state)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"After a Pacific coast Shakedown cruise Pawnee was assigned to Service Force, Pacific. In December 1942, she steamed for Pearl Harbor and commenced towing operations. She stood out of Pearl Harbor in early January, steamed for the forward Pacific area with the floating drydock USS ARD–5 in tow, and reported to ComSoPac for duty the 29th at Espiritu Santo.Pawnee operated in the Solomons from June through August 1943, providing towing services at New Georgia and Rendova. She next provided services at Vella Lavella until October. Other operations took her to the Western Carolines, Okinawa, Leyte, and Luzon. She was reclassified as ATF–74 on 15 May 1944.On 14 October 1944, off the coast of Formosa, the Cleveland-class light cruiser USS Houston was hit by a torpedo amidships and taken under tow by Pawnee. Two days later, with the damaged cruiser still attached by a tow line, another wave of Japanese torpedo bombers attacked Houston hitting her in the stern with a second torpedo. Damage was controlled and Pawnee with Houston reached Ulithi on 27 October.[1]She served with the Naval Occupation Forces in the Philippines from 28 September 1945 until 24 February 1946, when she sailed to Pearl Harbor. In January 1947 she decommissioned and entered the Columbia River Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Pawnee was struck from the Navy List on 1 September 1962 and placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Olympia, Washington, where she remained until 1971.Pawnee was sold on 9 November 1971 to Hatch and Kirk, Inc of Seattle, WA for $31,850[2] and was broken up the next year.[3]","title":"Service history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mason, Theodore C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Mason&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-55750-581-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-581-0"}],"text":"Mason, Theodore C. (1996). We Will Stand By You: Serving in the Pawnee, 1942-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-581-0. A personal account of a radioman who served aboard the Pawnee from her commissioning until 1945.","title":"Suggested Reading"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Peter_S%C3%BCssmilch
Johann Peter Süssmilch
["1 Education and career","2 Works","3 References","4 External links"]
Johann Peter Süßmilch or Süssmilch (September 3, 1707 in Zehlendorf – March 22, 1767 in Berlin) was a German Protestant pastor, statistician and demographer. Berlin memorial plaque, Berlin-Mitte (Brüderstr. 10) Education and career Süßmilch studied medicine and theology at Jena and Halle and in 1741 was an army chaplain in the First Silesian War. On Sunday, 13 August 1741, the former field preacher gave his inaugural sermon as pastor of the community Etzin. In 1742 he took a post as Provost in the St. Petri parish in Berlin-Cölln. He became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1745. He conversed with Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Immanuel Kant. Süßmilch's most important publication on The Divine order in the circumstances of the human sex, birth, death and reproduction, which he wrote in 1741, is regarded as a seminal and pioneering work in demography and the history of population statistics. Süssmilch discovered that, in the long term, there is a constant sex ratio of 1,000 female births to 1,050 male births. He saw this as a proof of the Divine working in this World. Due to this work, he can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of demography in Germany. However, he refers in his work to Caspar Neumann's work, who calculated a monthly statistics of deaths by age and death cause already between 1687 and 1691 in Breslau (present-day Wrocław). Süssmilch also worked on life tables. Works Göttliche Ordnung, 1761 The Royal Residence of Berlin's Growth and Rapid Construction, 1752 (Digitalisat) The Divine order in the changes in the human sex from birth, death and reproduction of the same, 2 parts, 1761-1762 (Digitalisat demography/demography/suessmilch_1761 Part 1, Part 2) Göttliche Ordnung (in German). Berlin: Buchhandlung der Realschule. 1761. References ^ Eckart Elsner: Süßmilchs time Etzin External links Johann Peter Süssmilch in the German National Library catalogue Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway France 2 BnF data 2 Catalonia Germany Italy Israel Belgium United States Japan Czech Republic Australia Netherlands Poland Vatican Academics CiNii People Deutsche Biographie Trove Other IdRef
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_Creek,_Cumberland,Nova_Scotia
Mill Creek, Cumberland County
["1 References"]
Coordinates: 45°45′37.65″N 64°23′10.44″W / 45.7604583°N 64.3862333°W / 45.7604583; -64.3862333 (Mill Creek, Nova Scotia) class=notpageimage| Mill Creek in Nova Scotia Mill Creek is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Cumberland County. References Mill Creek on Destination Nova Scotia 45°45′37.65″N 64°23′10.44″W / 45.7604583°N 64.3862333°W / 45.7604583; -64.3862333 (Mill Creek, Nova Scotia) This Cumberland County, Nova Scotia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben,_Reuben_(opera)
Reuben, Reuben (opera)
["1 History","2 Influence and references","3 Roles","4 Plot","4.1 Act 1","4.2 Act 2","5 Reception","6 References"]
1955 opera by Marc Blitzstein Reuben, Reuben is a two-act, "urban folk opera" (or a "musical play") by Marc Blitzstein, written from 1953 to 1955. Set in New York's Little Italy and inspired by the Faust legend, it concerns Reuben, a suicidal veteran who has received a medical discharge because he cannot speak. His disorder serves as an allegory of the difficulties of interpersonal communication in society, and of the eventual triumph of love over these difficulties and over the death wish. It was shown at the Shubert Theatre in Boston from October 10 to 22, 1955. Hanya Holm choreographed, Robert Lewis stage directed, and Cheryl Crawford produced the show. Blitzstein himself described the opera as a, "picture of New York: the gaiety, plight, awareness and unawareness of anger, bitterness, insouciance, ardor, urgency, even wisdom, mellowness. All trapped: fighting the trap, or supine within it.” History Following the completion of his opera Regina in 1949, Blitzstein began sketching out his next work. By April of 1950, the opera soon had its title, he soon struck the interest of director Cheryl Crawford and director Robert Lewis. In assistance with the libretto, Blitzstein worked with Lillian Hellman but the formal work on the opera began in 1953. In 1950, however, following the premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti's opera The Consul, an article written by Blitzstein in the Theatre Arts Magazine detailed his view that Menotti was safer than his last opera, The Medium. Regardless of the critique, Blitzstein saw the success of this genre and called the form of musical theatre "perhaps the first true American musical form". An early public showing of Blitzstein's opera was scheduled for March 16, 1950, the day after Menotti's The Consul premiered on Broadway. By 1954, work was slowing down and becoming more difficult as the writing process was becoming too long for Blitzstein. Nevertheless, the first draft was completed in the early parts of 1954 and a contract by Cheryl Crawford was swiftly written up. Blitzstein did not stop editing the work and continued to revise sections up until its premiere on October 10, 1955. By 1964, the opera had been forgotten. Influence and references Musicologist Howard Pollack has noted that Blitzstein had referred to many literary figures in the opera including classical figures like Homer and Aristotle, English writers and poets like William Shakespeare, John Keats, and Robert Shaw to Americans like F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Hart Crane. Further influences upon Blitzstein came from Scottish playwright James Bridie and his 1949 comic play Daphne Laureola, along with American writer James Jones and his 1951 novel From Here to Eternity. Blitzstein also drew influence from the films of American filmmaker John Huston and American choreographer Jerome Robbins. In terms of classical music references, Blitzstein was fascinated by the emotionality of Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht's 1928 musical play The Threepenny Opera. For his opera's form, Blitzstein looked towards Verdi's 1853 opera La traviata for a model. Other influences included Leonard Bernstein's Symphony No. 2 (Age of Anxiety) and Burton Lane's 1951 song, "Too Late Now". In 1956, Blitzstein shared his views on opera, stating that the art form could take a lesson from the language of musicals, "opera can certainly learn from them, particularly in the matter of communicativeness". Roles Roles, premiere cast Role Premiere cast, 10 October 1955 Reuben Eddie Albert Nina Evelyn Lear (as Evie Shulman) Countess Kaye Ballard Attilio Enzo Stuarti Bart George Gaynes Gisella Sondra Lee Blazer Timmy Everett Inmates, Police, Hustler, etc. Thomas Stewart, Allen Case, Emile Renan, William Pierson, and Anita Darian. Plot Place: Lower East Side, Manhattan (New York) Time: 9:30 pm to dawn (early 1950s) Act 1 Scene 1: At 9:30 pm, a pantomime unfolds between a small-time hustler Pez a lesson on pickpocketing to young vagrant Blazer. Soon, Reuben enters, a disheartened war veteran who reminisces about the good times in his life when he was part of a circus. Jane soon enters and asks Reuben for help in finding the BMT subway, however Reuben fails to speak and scares Jane away. Reuben commits himself to being able to speak and Fez soon returns, alarmed at Reuben's artificial demeanor, warning him that there are many thieves around. An Irish-American couple, Mr. and Mrs. J. Doakes, enter fighting which irritates Reuben, and soon Jane enters. They all hold a pleasant conversation and once Jane leaves the couple notice Reuben and soon exit. Reuben begins hating the world and decides to go for a drink. Scene 2: Place: The Bar Time: 10:00 pm Four "barflies" talk about their problems to the bar owner, Bart who is flipping coins anxiously as he's worried he'll lose power to his rival Malatesta. Soon, Reuben walks in which Bart takes as a sign from God. The two talk for a bit and Reuben gives Bart a note that says, "A high place." Bart's assistant Harry is tasked with helping Reuben find a place like this. Outside, Reuben passes two boys playing and sees one of the boy's shadow morph into a demon. He becomes fearful and states the words, "Bridge, that’s where." After his manic episode, he heads for the Manhattan Bridge. Harry is tasked to follow him while Bart places odds on his death with Malatesta while the "barflies" watch. Scene 3: Place: The Bridge Time: 10:30 pm The Italian-American woman Nina has just landed a job at a call center. To celebrate, she is lazily walking on the Manhattan Bridge but is 'rescued' by Reuben who thinks she is about to jump off. She interprets his advance as assault and a cop comes to rescue her. Realizing that Reuben was trying to save her, she poses as his girlfriend and shoos the cop away. As the couple walk away, the cop laments his treatment. Scene 4: Place: The Bar Time: 11:00 pm Bart begins to feel secure in his bet with Malatesta when Reuben and Nina enter. They talk about their new friendship and Nina invites Reuben to the San Gennaro festival in Little Italy, Manhattan. While Nina is in the bathroom, however, Bart encourages Reuben to commit suicide. Nina returns and senses Bart's malignant intentions. While they argue, Reuben escapes and is followed by Harry and Nina. Scene 5: Place: The Carnival Time: 11:30 pm Reuben and Nina are trying to find each other at the festival. However, Nina is being bothered by several friends and street vendors who are vying for her love. Once they find each other, the friends taunt the couple's love. Reuben entertains the crowd but Bart tries to get Reuben to talk about his father which the couple ignores, instead singing about love. Bart has Harry start a fight and Reuben tries to help but Nina gets him to leave. Scene 6: Place: The Column Time: 12:30 pm Reuben and Nina are sitting on a park bench together. Reuben, feeling remorseful, falls into a deep sleep on Nina's lap. When he wakes, they confess their love for each other. Soon, Bart's girlfriend appears and convinces them to come to the club "The Spot" where she works. Scene 7: Place: The Spot Time: 1:00 am The club is described by Blitzstein as a "tawdry, garish, sleazy, a Greenwich-village imitation of a fashionable night-club uptown." The Countess is performing a number when three girls perform a joint number after her. A fight between a black worker and a white patron upsets Reuben. The Countess eventually joins Nina, Reuben, and Bart at a table whereupon she tells the couple of Bart's bet. Reuben climbs to the chandelier and is encouraged to jump by Bart but dissuaded by Nina. Feeling unsure, when firefighters arrive with a net, he jumps and in the process reenacting his father's death. Act 2 Scene 1: Place: The Wards Time: 2:30 am After a brief intermezzo, it is revealed that Reuben and Nina have been placed in a mental institution. The couple each help someone from their side of the institution, and the couple is eventually released. Scene 2: Place: The Bedroom Time: 3:00 am Nina and Reuben return to Little Italy while Bart waits for them, the arranger of their release. Having conquered death, Reuben plans to go to a party at Bart's to face him. Scene 3: Place: The Bar Time: 4:30 am A large group has arrived at the bar and the couple quickly arrive. Bart insults Reuben and Reuben wants to hit him but restrains himself. Bart still thinks Reuben will kill himself but he sees an upside down horseshoe and pushes Reuben who pushes Bart back. The Countess tells them to just leave and Harry finally quits. Scene 4: Place: The Bridge Time: Dawn A shipman is returning to his boat in Brooklyn by taking the bridge. He meets the couple and waves them goodbye. Reuben and Nina vow to start again. Reception The opera's run in Boston was a failure: audience members left in the middle of the show, and critics panned it. Nevertheless, Leonard Bernstein named his daughter Nina after the play's heroine. It was never performed again. References ^ Lehrman, Leonard (2005). Marc Blitzstein: A Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313300271. ^ Peyser, Joan (1995). The Music of My Time. Pro/AM Music Resources Inc. p. 114. ISBN 9780912483993. ^ Cody, Gabrielle; Evert Sprinchorn (2007). The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Vol. 1. Columbia University Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780231144223. ^ "Reuben, Reuben". ovrtur.com (performance details). Retrieved July 13, 2023. ^ Lewis, Robert (1996). Slings and Arrows: Theater in My Life. Hal Leonard. pp. 241–244. ISBN 9781557832443. ^ "Plays Opening in Past Seasons". John A. Willis' Theatre World. Crown Publishers. 12: 166. 1956. ^ a b c d e f Pollack, Howard (2012). "20. Reuben Reuben (1949–1955) and This Is the Garden (1956–1957)". Marc Blitzstein: His Life, His Work, His World. Oxford University Press. pp. 376–401. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199791590.003.0020. ISBN 9780199949625. ^ a b "Reuben Reuben". WOSU 89.7 NPR News. September 28, 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2023. ^ Suskin, Steven (2010). Show Tunes: The Songs, Shows, and Careers of Broadway's Major Composers. Oxford University Press. p. 181. ISBN 9780199742097. vteWorks based on FaustFolk legend Faust Johann Georg Faust Deal with the Devil in popular culture Simon Magus Theophilus of Adana Erdgeist Mephistopheles Sir Twardowski Stingy Jack Seminal works Historia von D. Johann Fausten (1587 chapbook) Doctor Faustus (1592 play) Cenodoxus (1602, play) Goethe's Faust (1808 play) Faust, Part One Faust, Part Two Prose "Bearskin" "Daniel and the Devil" Melmoth the Wanderer (1820) "The Devil and Tom Walker" (1824) St. John's Eve (1830) Auriol (1844) Chasse-galerie (1892) The Sorrows of Satan (1896) Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician (1898) The Master and Margarita (1929–1940) Mephisto (1936) "The Devil and Daniel Webster" (1937) None but Lucifer (1939) Doktor Faustus (1947) The Devil in Velvet (1951) The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant (1954) Gimmicks Three (1956) The Devil to Pay in the Backlands (1956) That Hell-Bound Train (1958) For a Breath I Tarry (1966) The Damnation Game (1986) Eric (1990) The Devil's Own Work (1991) Jack Faust (1997) Johannes Cabal the Necromancer (2009) The Last Faust (2019) Plays Gretchen (1879) Damn Yankees (1955) Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1955) The Black Bonspiel of Wullie MacCrimmon (1965) Temptation (1986) Operas Faust (1816, Spohr) La damnation de Faust (1846, Berlioz) Faust (1859, Gounod) Mefistofele (1868, Boito) Le petit Faust (1869, Hervé) Faust and Marguerite (1855, Lutz) Faust up to Date (1888, Lutz) Doktor Faust (1916–1925, Busoni) Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights (1938) The Rake's Progress (1951, Stravinsky) Reuben, Reuben (1955) Historia von D. Johann Fausten (1994) Faustus, the Last Night (2006) Ballets Faust (ballet) (1848) Faust ballets Classical music Gretchen am Spinnrade (1814, Schubert) Faust Overture (1840, Wagner) Grande sonate 'Les quatre âges' 2nd movement "Quasi-Faust" (1847, Alkan) Scenes from Goethe's Faust (1853, Schumann) Part II of Symphony No. 8 (1906–07, Mahler) Faust Symphony (1854–1857, Liszt) Mephisto Waltzes (Liszt) Gothic Symphony (Brian) Bagatelle sans tonalité (Liszt) Other musicAlbums Epica Saga Epica The Black Halo Beethoven's Last Night The Black Rider Songs "Mephisto Polka" (1859–1885) "Cross Road Blues" (1936) "Sympathy for the Devil" (1968) "Friend of the Devil" (1970) "Bohemian Rhapsody" (1975) "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" (1979) "Faustian Echoes" (2012) "The Mephistopheles of Los Angeles" (2015) Films The Laboratory of Mephistopheles (1897) Faust and Marguerite (1900) The Damnation of Faust (1903) Faust and Marguerite (1904) The Student of Prague (1913) Rapsodia satanica (1915) The Student of Prague (1926) Faust (1926) The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941) Alias Nick Beal (1949) The Legend of Faust (1949) Beauty and the Devil (1950) Marguerite de la nuit (1955) Damn Yankees (1958) Faust (1960) Bedazzled (1967) Doctor Faustus (1967) El extraño caso del doctor Fausto (1969) Mephisto (1981) Doctor Faustus (1982) Oh, God! You Devil (1984) Crossroads (1986) Faust (1994) Bedazzled (2000) Faust: Love of the Damned (2000) Fausto 5.0 (2001) I Was a Teenage Faust (2002) Shortcut to Happiness (2007) Goat Story (2008) Faust (2011) The Last Faust (2019) TelevisionEpisodes "Printer's Devil" (1963) "The Devil's Hands Are Idle Playthings" (2003) Other The Devil and Daniel Mouse (1978) When the Devil Calls Your Name (2019) Musicals Damn Yankees (1955) Randy Newman's Faust (1995) Success! (1993) Faust (2003) Disco Inferno (2004) Comics Gods' Man (1929) Faust (manga) (1950) Doctor Faustus (comics) (1968) Faust (comics) (1987) Frau Faust (2014) Art Mephistopheles and Margaretta Paintings Category Portals: Opera New York City
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"opera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Marc Blitzstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Blitzstein"},{"link_name":"Little Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan"},{"link_name":"Faust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"suicidal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide"},{"link_name":"veteran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veteran"},{"link_name":"discharge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_discharge"},{"link_name":"cannot speak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphonia"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Shubert Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shubert_Theatre_(Boston)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Hanya Holm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanya_Holm"},{"link_name":"Robert Lewis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(director)"},{"link_name":"Cheryl Crawford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"}],"text":"Reuben, Reuben is a two-act, \"urban folk opera\"[1] (or a \"musical play\") by Marc Blitzstein, written from 1953 to 1955. Set in New York's Little Italy and inspired by the Faust legend,[2] it concerns Reuben, a suicidal veteran who has received a medical discharge because he cannot speak. His disorder serves as an allegory of the difficulties of interpersonal communication in society, and of the eventual triumph of love over these difficulties and over the death wish.[3] It was shown at the Shubert Theatre in Boston from October 10 to 22, 1955.[4] Hanya Holm choreographed, Robert Lewis stage directed, and Cheryl Crawford produced the show.[5][6]Blitzstein himself described the opera as a, \"picture of New York: the gaiety, plight, awareness and unawareness of anger, bitterness, insouciance, ardor, urgency, even wisdom, mellowness. All trapped: fighting the trap, or supine within it.”[7]","title":"Reuben, Reuben (opera)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Regina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina_(Blitzstein)"},{"link_name":"Cheryl Crawford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford"},{"link_name":"Robert Lewis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(director)"},{"link_name":"libretto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libretto"},{"link_name":"Lillian Hellman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Hellman"},{"link_name":"Gian Carlo Menotti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Carlo_Menotti"},{"link_name":"The Consul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Consul"},{"link_name":"Theatre Arts Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_Arts_Magazine"},{"link_name":"The Medium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Medium"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"},{"link_name":"Broadway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theatre"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"}],"text":"Following the completion of his opera Regina in 1949, Blitzstein began sketching out his next work. By April of 1950, the opera soon had its title, he soon struck the interest of director Cheryl Crawford and director Robert Lewis. In assistance with the libretto, Blitzstein worked with Lillian Hellman but the formal work on the opera began in 1953. In 1950, however, following the premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti's opera The Consul, an article written by Blitzstein in the Theatre Arts Magazine detailed his view that Menotti was safer than his last opera, The Medium. Regardless of the critique, Blitzstein saw the success of this genre and called the form of musical theatre \"perhaps the first true American musical form\".[7] An early public showing of Blitzstein's opera was scheduled for March 16, 1950, the day after Menotti's The Consul premiered on Broadway.By 1954, work was slowing down and becoming more difficult as the writing process was becoming too long for Blitzstein. Nevertheless, the first draft was completed in the early parts of 1954 and a contract by Cheryl Crawford was swiftly written up.[7] Blitzstein did not stop editing the work and continued to revise sections up until its premiere on October 10, 1955. By 1964, the opera had been forgotten.[7]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Howard Pollack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Pollack"},{"link_name":"Homer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer"},{"link_name":"Aristotle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle"},{"link_name":"William Shakespeare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare"},{"link_name":"John Keats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keats"},{"link_name":"Robert Shaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)"},{"link_name":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald"},{"link_name":"William Faulkner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner"},{"link_name":"Hart Crane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart_Crane"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"},{"link_name":"James Bridie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bridie"},{"link_name":"Daphne Laureola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphne_Laureola"},{"link_name":"James Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Jones_(author)"},{"link_name":"From Here to Eternity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity_(novel)"},{"link_name":"John Huston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Huston"},{"link_name":"Jerome Robbins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins"},{"link_name":"Kurt Weill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Weill"},{"link_name":"Bertolt Brecht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht"},{"link_name":"The Threepenny Opera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera"},{"link_name":"La traviata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_traviata"},{"link_name":"Leonard Bernstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein"},{"link_name":"Symphony No. 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Bernstein)"},{"link_name":"Burton Lane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_Lane"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"}],"text":"Musicologist Howard Pollack has noted that Blitzstein had referred to many literary figures in the opera including classical figures like Homer and Aristotle, English writers and poets like William Shakespeare, John Keats, and Robert Shaw to Americans like F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Hart Crane.[7] Further influences upon Blitzstein came from Scottish playwright James Bridie and his 1949 comic play Daphne Laureola, along with American writer James Jones and his 1951 novel From Here to Eternity. Blitzstein also drew influence from the films of American filmmaker John Huston and American choreographer Jerome Robbins.In terms of classical music references, Blitzstein was fascinated by the emotionality of Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht's 1928 musical play The Threepenny Opera. For his opera's form, Blitzstein looked towards Verdi's 1853 opera La traviata for a model. Other influences included Leonard Bernstein's Symphony No. 2 (Age of Anxiety) and Burton Lane's 1951 song, \"Too Late Now\".In 1956, Blitzstein shared his views on opera, stating that the art form could take a lesson from the language of musicals, \"opera can certainly learn from them, particularly in the matter of communicativeness\".[7]","title":"Influence and references"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Roles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lower East Side","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_East_Side"},{"link_name":"Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"}],"text":"Place: Lower East Side, Manhattan (New York)\nTime: 9:30 pm to dawn (early 1950s)","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"pantomime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantomime"},{"link_name":"Manhattan Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge"},{"link_name":"San Gennaro festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Gennaro_festival"},{"link_name":"Little Italy, Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan"}],"sub_title":"Act 1","text":"Scene 1:At 9:30 pm, a pantomime unfolds between a small-time hustler Pez a lesson on pickpocketing to young vagrant Blazer. Soon, Reuben enters, a disheartened war veteran who reminisces about the good times in his life when he was part of a circus. Jane soon enters and asks Reuben for help in finding the BMT subway, however Reuben fails to speak and scares Jane away. Reuben commits himself to being able to speak and Fez soon returns, alarmed at Reuben's artificial demeanor, warning him that there are many thieves around. An Irish-American couple, Mr. and Mrs. J. Doakes, enter fighting which irritates Reuben, and soon Jane enters. They all hold a pleasant conversation and once Jane leaves the couple notice Reuben and soon exit. Reuben begins hating the world and decides to go for a drink.Scene 2:Place: The Bar\nTime: 10:00 pmFour \"barflies\" talk about their problems to the bar owner, Bart who is flipping coins anxiously as he's worried he'll lose power to his rival Malatesta. Soon, Reuben walks in which Bart takes as a sign from God. The two talk for a bit and Reuben gives Bart a note that says, \"A high place.\" Bart's assistant Harry is tasked with helping Reuben find a place like this. Outside, Reuben passes two boys playing and sees one of the boy's shadow morph into a demon. He becomes fearful and states the words, \"Bridge, that’s where.\" After his manic episode, he heads for the Manhattan Bridge. Harry is tasked to follow him while Bart places odds on his death with Malatesta while the \"barflies\" watch.Scene 3:Place: The Bridge\nTime: 10:30 pmThe Italian-American woman Nina has just landed a job at a call center. To celebrate, she is lazily walking on the Manhattan Bridge but is 'rescued' by Reuben who thinks she is about to jump off. She interprets his advance as assault and a cop comes to rescue her. Realizing that Reuben was trying to save her, she poses as his girlfriend and shoos the cop away. As the couple walk away, the cop laments his treatment.Scene 4:Place: The Bar\nTime: 11:00 pmBart begins to feel secure in his bet with Malatesta when Reuben and Nina enter. They talk about their new friendship and Nina invites Reuben to the San Gennaro festival in Little Italy, Manhattan. While Nina is in the bathroom, however, Bart encourages Reuben to commit suicide. Nina returns and senses Bart's malignant intentions. While they argue, Reuben escapes and is followed by Harry and Nina.Scene 5:Place: The Carnival\nTime: 11:30 pmReuben and Nina are trying to find each other at the festival. However, Nina is being bothered by several friends and street vendors who are vying for her love. Once they find each other, the friends taunt the couple's love. Reuben entertains the crowd but Bart tries to get Reuben to talk about his father which the couple ignores, instead singing about love. Bart has Harry start a fight and Reuben tries to help but Nina gets him to leave.Scene 6:Place: The Column\nTime: 12:30 pmReuben and Nina are sitting on a park bench together. Reuben, feeling remorseful, falls into a deep sleep on Nina's lap. When he wakes, they confess their love for each other. Soon, Bart's girlfriend appears and convinces them to come to the club \"The Spot\" where she works.Scene 7:Place: The Spot\nTime: 1:00 amThe club is described by Blitzstein as a \"tawdry, garish, sleazy, a Greenwich-village imitation of a fashionable night-club uptown.\" The Countess is performing a number when three girls perform a joint number after her. A fight between a black worker and a white patron upsets Reuben. The Countess eventually joins Nina, Reuben, and Bart at a table whereupon she tells the couple of Bart's bet. Reuben climbs to the chandelier and is encouraged to jump by Bart but dissuaded by Nina. Feeling unsure, when firefighters arrive with a net, he jumps and in the process reenacting his father's death.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Act 2","text":"Scene 1:Place: The Wards\nTime: 2:30 amAfter a brief intermezzo, it is revealed that Reuben and Nina have been placed in a mental institution. The couple each help someone from their side of the institution, and the couple is eventually released.Scene 2:Place: The Bedroom\nTime: 3:00 amNina and Reuben return to Little Italy while Bart waits for them, the arranger of their release. Having conquered death, Reuben plans to go to a party at Bart's to face him.Scene 3:Place: The Bar\nTime: 4:30 amA large group has arrived at the bar and the couple quickly arrive. Bart insults Reuben and Reuben wants to hit him but restrains himself. Bart still thinks Reuben will kill himself but he sees an upside down horseshoe and pushes Reuben who pushes Bart back. The Countess tells them to just leave and Harry finally quits.Scene 4:Place: The Bridge\nTime: DawnA shipman is returning to his boat in Brooklyn by taking the bridge. He meets the couple and waves them goodbye. Reuben and Nina vow to start again.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Leonard Bernstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WOSU-8"}],"text":"The opera's run in Boston was a failure: audience members left in the middle of the show, and critics panned it. Nevertheless, Leonard Bernstein named his daughter Nina after the play's heroine.[9] It was never performed again.[8]","title":"Reception"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Lehrman, Leonard (2005). Marc Blitzstein: A Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313300271.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Lehrman","url_text":"Lehrman, Leonard"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=9KP3BtcfyIQC","url_text":"Marc Blitzstein: A Bio-bibliography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313300271","url_text":"9780313300271"}]},{"reference":"Peyser, Joan (1995). The Music of My Time. Pro/AM Music Resources Inc. p. 114. ISBN 9780912483993.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Peyser","url_text":"Peyser, Joan"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=KmUPdNR_1D4C&pg=PA114","url_text":"The Music of My Time"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912483993","url_text":"9780912483993"}]},{"reference":"Cody, Gabrielle; Evert Sprinchorn (2007). The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Vol. 1. Columbia University Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780231144223.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=qYfH1tOwsHcC&pg=PA168","url_text":"The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231144223","url_text":"9780231144223"}]},{"reference":"\"Reuben, Reuben\". ovrtur.com (performance details). Retrieved July 13, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://ovrtur.com/production/2893381","url_text":"\"Reuben, Reuben\""}]},{"reference":"Lewis, Robert (1996). Slings and Arrows: Theater in My Life. Hal Leonard. pp. 241–244. ISBN 9781557832443.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(director)","url_text":"Lewis, Robert"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=EVVX6pynyssC&pg=PA241","url_text":"Slings and Arrows: Theater in My Life"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557832443","url_text":"9781557832443"}]},{"reference":"\"Plays Opening in Past Seasons\". John A. Willis' Theatre World. Crown Publishers. 12: 166. 1956.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GPoZAQAAIAAJ","url_text":"\"Plays Opening in Past Seasons\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_World","url_text":"John A. Willis' Theatre World"}]},{"reference":"Pollack, Howard (2012). \"20. Reuben Reuben (1949–1955) and This Is the Garden (1956–1957)\". Marc Blitzstein: His Life, His Work, His World. Oxford University Press. pp. 376–401. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199791590.003.0020. ISBN 9780199949625.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Pollack","url_text":"Pollack, Howard"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199791590.003.0020","url_text":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199791590.003.0020"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199949625","url_text":"9780199949625"}]},{"reference":"\"Reuben Reuben\". WOSU 89.7 NPR News. September 28, 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.wosu.org/classical-101/2012-09-28/reuben-reuben","url_text":"\"Reuben Reuben\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOSU-FM","url_text":"WOSU 89.7"}]},{"reference":"Suskin, Steven (2010). Show Tunes: The Songs, Shows, and Careers of Broadway's Major Composers. Oxford University Press. p. 181. ISBN 9780199742097.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Suskin","url_text":"Suskin, Steven"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=_3mOZv6OaUIC&pg=PA181","url_text":"Show Tunes: The Songs, Shows, and Careers of Broadway's Major Composers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199742097","url_text":"9780199742097"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=9KP3BtcfyIQC","external_links_name":"Marc Blitzstein: A Bio-bibliography"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=KmUPdNR_1D4C&pg=PA114","external_links_name":"The Music of My Time"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=qYfH1tOwsHcC&pg=PA168","external_links_name":"The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama"},{"Link":"https://ovrtur.com/production/2893381","external_links_name":"\"Reuben, Reuben\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=EVVX6pynyssC&pg=PA241","external_links_name":"Slings and Arrows: Theater in My Life"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GPoZAQAAIAAJ","external_links_name":"\"Plays Opening in Past Seasons\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199791590.003.0020","external_links_name":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199791590.003.0020"},{"Link":"https://news.wosu.org/classical-101/2012-09-28/reuben-reuben","external_links_name":"\"Reuben Reuben\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=_3mOZv6OaUIC&pg=PA181","external_links_name":"Show Tunes: The Songs, Shows, and Careers of Broadway's Major Composers"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally_Round_the_Flag,_Boys!
Rally Round the Flag, Boys!
["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Production","4 Release","5 Reception","5.1 Awards","6 References","7 External links"]
1958 film by Leo McCarey For other uses, see Rally 'Round the Flag (disambiguation). Rally Round the Flag, Boys!Theatrical release posterDirected byLeo McCareyScreenplay by Claude Binyon Leo McCarey Based onRally Round the Flag, Boys!by Max ShulmanProduced byLeo McCareyStarring Paul Newman Joanne Woodward Joan Collins Jack Carson CinematographyLeon ShamroyEdited byLouis R. LoefflerMusic byCyril J. MockridgeDistributed by20th Century FoxRelease date December 23, 1958 (1958-12-23) Running time106 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$1.9 millionBox office$3.4 million (US/Canada rentals) Rally Round the Flag, Boys! is a 1958 American comedy film directed by Leo McCarey from a screenplay he co-wrote with Claude Binyon, based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Max Shulman. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film stars Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward, Joan Collins, and Jack Carson. The title comes from a line in the song "Battle Cry of Freedom". Plot In the fictional suburban commuter town of Putnam's Landing, Connecticut, public relations specialist Harry Bannerman is slowly going insane because his wife Grace insists on attending every local civic committee meeting. When the government selects the town for the site of a new missile base, Grace joins a committee to prevent it from being built. Harry is made the liaison for the military, and Grace's activities cause him no end of trouble. Adding to the dilemma is Angela Hoffa, whose efforts to get Harry for herself lead to dizzying recriminations and misunderstandings. Cast Paul Newman as Harry Bannerman Joanne Woodward as Grace Bannerman Joan Collins as Angela Hoffa Murvyn Vye as Oscar Hoffa Jack Carson as Captain Hoxie Tuesday Weld as Comfort Goodpasture Dwayne Hickman as Grady Metcalf, Comfort's suitor Gale Gordon as General Thorwald Tom Gilson as Corporal Opie O.Z. Whitehead as Isaac Goodpasture, Comfort's Father Stanley Livingston as Peter Bannerman Percy Helton as Waldo Pike, the plumber Joseph Holland as Manning Thaw David Hedison as narrator (voice only) Production George Axelrod worked on the script for a year with McCarey. He later recalled they came up with an approach to do the film "but it was too far out for Buddy Adler", the head of production at Fox: Max Shulman's book was a very funny book, and very literary, in that he used literary devices – which don't often translate to the screen very well. The story itself was rather boring, but the author's comments were funny. So I invented a narrator, named Max, who wove the film together. It was a throwback to the old Pete Smith comedy shorts. But they hated the idea of narration – just as they hate the idea of fantasy – so they threw it out. And then I had to spend a lot of time getting my name off the picture, because I don't want my name on something I didn't write. Production on Rally Round the Flag, Boys! started in mid-June 1958 and ended in mid-August. The role of Captain Hoxie was originally going to be portrayed by Paul Douglas, but was taken over by Jack Carson after Douglas fell ill, according to a July 1958 The Hollywood Reporter news item. The part of Angela was originally intended for actress Jayne Mansfield, but after intense lobbying from Paul Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward, she was replaced with Joan Collins (who had co-starred with Mansfield in The Wayward Bus). A March 1958 item noted that actor Mickey Shaughnessy was set for a featured role; however, he did not appear in the film. A Daily Variety news item reported that in March 1958, Buddy Adler was set to produce the film, and was considering the film to star Frank Sinatra, Deborah Kerr, and William Holden. Release Rally Round the Flag, Boys! premiered in New York City theatres on December 23, 1958. It was released nationwide in February 1959. Reception On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 30% based on reviews from 10 critics, with an average rating of 5/10. Awards Rally Round the Flag, Boys! was nominated for the Golden Laurel Awards held on September 23, 1959, and received fourth place for both Top Comedy Female Performance (Joanne Woodward) and Top Comedy. Director Leo McCarey was later nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award in 1960 for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures for Rally Round the Flag, Boys!. References ^ Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1. ^ "1959: Probable Domestic Take". Variety. January 6, 1960. p. 34. ^ "The Hollywood Screenwriter: Take 2". Film Comment. Vol. 14, no. 4. July–August 1978. pp. 33–47. ^ Rally Round the Flag, Boys! at Rotten Tomatoes External links Rally Round the Flag, Boys! at IMDb Rally Round the Flag, Boys! at AllMovie Rally Round the Flag, Boys! at the American Film Institute Catalog Rally Round the Flag, Boys! at the TCM Movie Database vteFilms directed by Leo McCarey Society Secrets (1921) All Wet (1924) Isn't Life Terrible? (1925) Long Fliv the King (1926) Mighty Like a Moose (1926) We Faw Down (1928) Liberty (1929) Wrong Again (1929) The Sophomore (1929) Red Hot Rhythm (1929) Wild Company (1930) Let's Go Native (1930) Part Time Wife (1930) Indiscreet (1931) The Kid from Spain (1932) Duck Soup (1933) Six of a Kind (1934) Belle of the Nineties (1934) Ruggles of Red Gap (1935) The Milky Way (1936) Make Way for Tomorrow (1937) The Awful Truth (1937) Love Affair (1939) Once Upon a Honeymoon (1942) Going My Way (1944) The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) Good Sam (1948) My Son John (1952) An Affair to Remember (1957) Rally Round the Flag, Boys! (1958) Satan Never Sleeps (1962)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rally 'Round the Flag (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally_%27Round_the_Flag_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"comedy film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_film"},{"link_name":"Leo McCarey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_McCarey"},{"link_name":"Claude Binyon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Binyon"},{"link_name":"Max Shulman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Shulman"},{"link_name":"20th Century Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Fox"},{"link_name":"Paul Newman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Newman"},{"link_name":"Joanne Woodward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanne_Woodward"},{"link_name":"Joan Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Collins"},{"link_name":"Jack Carson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Carson"},{"link_name":"Battle Cry of Freedom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Cry_of_Freedom"}],"text":"For other uses, see Rally 'Round the Flag (disambiguation).Rally Round the Flag, Boys! is a 1958 American comedy film directed by Leo McCarey from a screenplay he co-wrote with Claude Binyon, based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Max Shulman. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film stars Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward, Joan Collins, and Jack Carson. The title comes from a line in the song \"Battle Cry of Freedom\".","title":"Rally Round the Flag, Boys!"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"In the fictional suburban commuter town of Putnam's Landing, Connecticut, public relations specialist Harry Bannerman is slowly going insane because his wife Grace insists on attending every local civic committee meeting. When the government selects the town for the site of a new missile base, Grace joins a committee to prevent it from being built.Harry is made the liaison for the military, and Grace's activities cause him no end of trouble. Adding to the dilemma is Angela Hoffa, whose efforts to get Harry for herself lead to dizzying recriminations and misunderstandings.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Paul Newman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Newman"},{"link_name":"Joanne Woodward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanne_Woodward"},{"link_name":"Joan Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Collins"},{"link_name":"Murvyn Vye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murvyn_Vye"},{"link_name":"Jack Carson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Carson"},{"link_name":"Tuesday Weld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuesday_Weld"},{"link_name":"Dwayne Hickman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_Hickman"},{"link_name":"Gale Gordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_Gordon"},{"link_name":"Tom Gilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Gilson"},{"link_name":"O.Z. Whitehead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O.Z._Whitehead"},{"link_name":"Stanley Livingston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Livingston"},{"link_name":"Percy Helton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Helton"},{"link_name":"Joseph Holland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Holland_(actor)"},{"link_name":"David Hedison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hedison"}],"text":"Paul Newman as Harry Bannerman\nJoanne Woodward as Grace Bannerman\nJoan Collins as Angela Hoffa\nMurvyn Vye as Oscar Hoffa\nJack Carson as Captain Hoxie\nTuesday Weld as Comfort Goodpasture\nDwayne Hickman as Grady Metcalf, Comfort's suitor\nGale Gordon as General Thorwald\nTom Gilson as Corporal Opie\nO.Z. Whitehead as Isaac Goodpasture, Comfort's Father\nStanley Livingston as Peter Bannerman\nPercy Helton as Waldo Pike, the plumber\nJoseph Holland as Manning Thaw\nDavid Hedison as narrator (voice only)","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"George Axelrod","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Axelrod"},{"link_name":"Buddy Adler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Adler"},{"link_name":"Pete Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Paul Douglas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(actor)"},{"link_name":"The Hollywood Reporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Jayne Mansfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne_Mansfield"},{"link_name":"Paul Newman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Newman"},{"link_name":"Joanne Woodward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanne_Woodward"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Joan Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Collins"},{"link_name":"The Wayward Bus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wayward_Bus_(film)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Mickey Shaughnessy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Shaughnessy"},{"link_name":"Daily Variety","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Buddy Adler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Adler"},{"link_name":"Frank Sinatra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra"},{"link_name":"Deborah Kerr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Kerr"},{"link_name":"William Holden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Holden"}],"text":"George Axelrod worked on the script for a year with McCarey. He later recalled they came up with an approach to do the film \"but it was too far out for Buddy Adler\", the head of production at Fox:Max Shulman's book was a very funny book, and very literary, in that he used literary devices – which don't often translate to the screen very well. The story itself was rather boring, but the author's comments were funny. So I invented a narrator, named Max, who wove the film together. It was a throwback to the old Pete Smith comedy shorts. But they hated the idea of narration – just as they hate the idea of fantasy – so they threw it out. And then I had to spend a lot of time getting my name off the picture, because I don't want my name on something I didn't write.[3]Production on Rally Round the Flag, Boys! started in mid-June 1958 and ended in mid-August. The role of Captain Hoxie was originally going to be portrayed by Paul Douglas, but was taken over by Jack Carson after Douglas fell ill, according to a July 1958 The Hollywood Reporter news item.[citation needed]The part of Angela was originally intended for actress Jayne Mansfield, but after intense lobbying from Paul Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward,[citation needed] she was replaced with Joan Collins (who had co-starred with Mansfield in The Wayward Bus).A March 1958 item[citation needed] noted that actor Mickey Shaughnessy was set for a featured role; however, he did not appear in the film. A Daily Variety news item[citation needed] reported that in March 1958, Buddy Adler was set to produce the film, and was considering the film to star Frank Sinatra, Deborah Kerr, and William Holden.","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Rally Round the Flag, Boys! premiered in New York City theatres on December 23, 1958. It was released nationwide in February 1959.","title":"Release"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rotten Tomatoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 30% based on reviews from 10 critics, with an average rating of 5/10.[4]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Laurel Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Awards"},{"link_name":"Directors Guild of America Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award"}],"sub_title":"Awards","text":"Rally Round the Flag, Boys! was nominated for the Golden Laurel Awards held on September 23, 1959, and received fourth place for both Top Comedy Female Performance (Joanne Woodward) and Top Comedy. Director Leo McCarey was later nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award in 1960 for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures for Rally Round the Flag, Boys!.","title":"Reception"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow_Press","url_text":"Scarecrow Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4244-1","url_text":"978-0-8108-4244-1"}]},{"reference":"\"1959: Probable Domestic Take\". Variety. January 6, 1960. p. 34.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)","url_text":"Variety"}]},{"reference":"\"The Hollywood Screenwriter: Take 2\". Film Comment. Vol. 14, no. 4. July–August 1978. pp. 33–47.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_Comment","url_text":"Film Comment"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvern,_Iowa
Malvern, Iowa
["1 History","2 Geography","3 Demographics","3.1 2010 census","3.2 2000 census","4 Education","5 References","6 External links"]
Coordinates: 41°0′17″N 95°35′4″W / 41.00472°N 95.58444°W / 41.00472; -95.58444 City in Iowa, United StatesMalvern, IowaCityLocation of Malvern, IowaCoordinates: 41°0′17″N 95°35′4″W / 41.00472°N 95.58444°W / 41.00472; -95.58444Country United StatesState IowaCountyMillsGovernment • MayorDouglas Shere • Mayor Pro TemporeRoger JohnsonArea • Total1.59 sq mi (4.13 km2) • Land1.59 sq mi (4.13 km2) • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)Elevation1,007 ft (307 m)Population (2020) • Total1,046 • Density656.21/sq mi (253.39/km2)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)ZIP code51551Area code712FIPS code19-48720GNIS feature ID0458747Websitewww.malvernia.com Malvern is a city in Mills County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,046 at the time of the 2020 census. The Wabash Trace—a railroad converted to a bicycle trail—passes through Malvern. The Mills County Fair is held here, although Glenwood is the county seat. Malvern is the largest town in the eastern half of the county. History This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The pioneer village of Milton was established in the fall of 1869. It was later renamed Malvern when it was discovered that there was already another Milton, Iowa. It was one of four communities in the area that came into existence with the completion of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad on November 18, 1869. John D. Paddock and his bride were the first residents of Malvern. They arrived in September and put up a small 1+1⁄2-story building that served as their home and the community's first store. The completion of the railroad soon brought a flood of new residents and business enterprises. White Cloud, a town of perhaps 200 persons and a variety of businesses, was located about where the present Wabash Trace Nature Trail crosses the Nishnabotna River three miles southeast of Malvern. It soon closed down when the new railroad was built two miles north. Several business enterprises and White Cloud residents moved to Malvern. Malvern grew almost explosively in its first two years. In its fifth year, Mr. Paddock reported in his Brief History of Malvern, it had a population of 800. It served a particularly productive farming area. It soon had a number of factories, including a hog packing plant, an electric generation plant (in 1892) which permitted a municipal water system, and in the early part of the twentieth century, developed a varied poultry industry that at one time furnished employment for up to 200 persons. Malvern started a school system in 1870, a county fair in 1873, a Chautauqua in 1905, built the town library in 1916 and the present Liberty Memorial Community Building in 1926 When the “good roads” movement came to Iowa, the town was omitted from Highway 34, causing some economic stress. At the time it also had the Wabash and Tabor & Northern Railroads, which were also having some economic stress. The town experienced additional stress in the 1950s when much of Iowa's poultry industry moved to Arkansas. The success of the Malvern community has always been linked to agriculture in many ways. When fewer family farms and farm workers, became the norm, in the 1960s, 1970s, and especially the difficult 1980s, the economy of Malvern suffered as well, losing many of the established businesses that had so long lined the streets in this community. Today Malvern is a rural community with a golf course, swimming pool, new library and Carnegie Conference Center, agricultural businesses and government offices, a bank, physician's offices, Mills County Fair Grounds, the Wabash Trace Nature Trail, and numerous other businesses. Geography Malvern is located at 41°0′17″N 95°35′4″W / 41.00472°N 95.58444°W / 41.00472; -95.58444. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.19 square miles (3.08 km2), all land. Demographics Historical populationsYearPop.±%1880748—    18901,003+34.1%19001,166+16.3%19101,154−1.0%19201,195+3.6%19301,320+10.5%19401,325+0.4%19501,263−4.7%19601,193−5.5%19701,158−2.9%19801,244+7.4%19901,210−2.7%20001,256+3.8%20101,142−9.1%20201,046−8.4%Source:"U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2010. and Iowa Data CenterSource: U.S. Decennial Census 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 1,142 people, 436 households, and 301 families living in the city. The population density was 959.7 inhabitants per square mile (370.5/km2). There were 499 housing units at an average density of 419.3 per square mile (161.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.7% White, 0.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population. There were 436 households, of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.0% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 40.3 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 15.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,256 people, 474 households, and 320 families living in the city. The population density was 1,053.1 inhabitants per square mile (406.6/km2). There were 503 housing units at an average density of 421.8 per square mile (162.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.73% White, 0.08% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% Asian, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population. There were 474 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.08. Population spread: 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $33,182, and the median income for a family was $44,432. Males had a median income of $29,185 versus $22,266 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,553. About 7.1% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over. Education The community is within the East Mills Community School District. From July 1, 1960, it was in the Malvern Community School District until July 1, 2011, when it merged to form the East Mills district. The Malvern and East Mills districts operated Chantry Elementary School in Malvern, but the latter closed the school in 2014. References ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 16, 2022. ^ a b "2020 Census State Redistricting Data". census.gov. United states Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2012. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 11, 2012. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008. ^ "East Mills." Iowa Department of Education. Retrieved on July 13, 2018. ^ "Nishna Valley Com. Sch. Dist. v. Malvern Com. Sch. Dist." Justia. 121 N.W.2d 646 (1963). Retrieved on July 13, 2018. ^ "REORGANIZATION & DISSOLUTION ACTIONS SINCE 1965-66." Iowa Department of Education. Retrieved on July 20, 2018. ^ Stewart, Scott (June 19, 2014). "East Mills to close elementary, ask voters for more money". Non Pareil Online. Retrieved July 13, 2018. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malvern, Iowa. City website vteMetropolitan area of Omaha–Council BluffsPrimary citiesNebraska Omaha Iowa Council Bluffs Cities over 10,000(per 2010 census)Nebraska Bellevue La Vista Papillion Cities of 5,000 to 10,000(per 2010 census)Nebraska Blair Gretna Plattsmouth Ralston Iowa Glenwood Cities of 1,000 to 5,000(per 2010 census)Nebraska Arlington Ashland Eagle Louisville Springfield Valley Wahoo Weeping Water Yutan Iowa Avoca Carter Lake Dunlap Logan Malvern Missouri Valley Oakland Woodbine Census-designated placesNebraska Chalco Offutt AFB Cities and villagesof fewer than 1,000(per 2010 census)Nebraska Alvo Avoca Bennington Boys Town Cedar Bluffs Cedar Creek Ceresco Colon Elmwood Fort Calhoun Greenwood Herman Ithaca Kennard Leshara Malmo Manley Mead Memphis Morse Bluff Murdock Murray Nehawka Prague South Bend Union Valparaiso Washington Waterloo Weston Iowa Carson Crescent Emerson Hancock Hastings Henderson Little Sioux Macedonia Magnolia McClelland Minden Mineola Modale Mondamin Neola Pacific Junction Persia Pisgah Shelby Silver City Treynor Underwood Walnut CountiesNebraska Cass Douglas Sarpy Saunders Washington Iowa Harrison Mills Pottawattamie vteMunicipalities and communities of Mills County, Iowa, United StatesCounty seat: GlenwoodCities Emerson Glenwood Hastings Henderson Malvern Pacific Junction Silver City Tabor‡ Map of Iowa highlighting Mills CountyCDP Mineola Townships Anderson Center Deer Creek Glenwood Indian Creek Ingraham Lyons Oak Plattville Rawles St. Marys Silver Creek White Cloud Other communities Balfour Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Iowa portal United States portal
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mills County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mills_County,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"Iowa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cen2020-2"},{"link_name":"Wabash Trace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wabash_Trace"}],"text":"City in Iowa, United StatesMalvern is a city in Mills County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,046 at the time of the 2020 census.[2] The Wabash Trace—a railroad converted to a bicycle trail—passes through Malvern. The Mills County Fair is held here, although Glenwood is the county seat. Malvern is the largest town in the eastern half of the county.","title":"Malvern, Iowa"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The pioneer village of Milton was established in the fall of 1869. It was later renamed Malvern when it was discovered that there was already another Milton, Iowa. It was one of four communities in the area that came into existence with the completion of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad on November 18, 1869.John D. Paddock and his bride were the first residents of Malvern. They arrived in September and put up a small 1+1⁄2-story building that served as their home and the community's first store.The completion of the railroad soon brought a flood of new residents and business enterprises. White Cloud, a town of perhaps 200 persons and a variety of businesses, was located about where the present Wabash Trace Nature Trail crosses the Nishnabotna River three miles southeast of Malvern. It soon closed down when the new railroad was built two miles north. Several business enterprises and White Cloud residents moved to Malvern.Malvern grew almost explosively in its first two years. In its fifth year, Mr. Paddock reported in his Brief History of Malvern, it had a population of 800. It served a particularly productive farming area. It soon had a number of factories, including a hog packing plant, an electric generation plant (in 1892) which permitted a municipal water system, and in the early part of the twentieth century, developed a varied poultry industry that at one time furnished employment for up to 200 persons. Malvern started a school system in 1870, a county fair in 1873, a Chautauqua in 1905, built the town library in 1916 and the present Liberty Memorial Community Building in 1926When the “good roads” movement came to Iowa, the town was omitted from Highway 34, causing some economic stress. At the time it also had the Wabash and Tabor & Northern Railroads, which were also having some economic stress. The town experienced additional stress in the 1950s when much of Iowa's poultry industry moved to Arkansas.The success of the Malvern community has always been linked to agriculture in many ways. When fewer family farms and farm workers, became the norm, in the 1960s, 1970s, and especially the difficult 1980s, the economy of Malvern suffered as well, losing many of the established businesses that had so long lined the streets in this community.Today Malvern is a rural community with a golf course, swimming pool, new library and Carnegie Conference Center, agricultural businesses and government offices, a bank, physician's offices, Mills County Fair Grounds, the Wabash Trace Nature Trail, and numerous other businesses.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"41°0′17″N 95°35′4″W / 41.00472°N 95.58444°W / 41.00472; -95.58444","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malvern,_Iowa&params=41_0_17_N_95_35_4_W_type:city"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR1-3"},{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-4"}],"text":"Malvern is located at 41°0′17″N 95°35′4″W / 41.00472°N 95.58444°W / 41.00472; -95.58444.[3]According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.19 square miles (3.08 km2), all land.[4]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-6"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"}],"sub_title":"2010 census","text":"As of the census[6] of 2010, there were 1,142 people, 436 households, and 301 families living in the city. The population density was 959.7 inhabitants per square mile (370.5/km2). There were 499 housing units at an average density of 419.3 per square mile (161.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.7% White, 0.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.There were 436 households, of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.0% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.04.The median age in the city was 40.3 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 15.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-7"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"sub_title":"2000 census","text":"As of the census[7] of 2000, there were 1,256 people, 474 households, and 320 families living in the city. The population density was 1,053.1 inhabitants per square mile (406.6/km2). There were 503 housing units at an average density of 421.8 per square mile (162.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.73% White, 0.08% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% Asian, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.There were 474 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.08.Population spread: 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.The median income for a household in the city was $33,182, and the median income for a family was $44,432. Males had a median income of $29,185 versus $22,266 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,553. About 7.1% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"East Mills Community School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Mills_Community_School_District"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Malvern Community School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvern_Community_School_District"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"The community is within the East Mills Community School District.[8] From July 1, 1960,[9] it was in the Malvern Community School District until July 1, 2011, when it merged to form the East Mills district.[10] The Malvern and East Mills districts operated Chantry Elementary School in Malvern, but the latter closed the school in 2014.[11]","title":"Education"}]
[{"image_text":"Map of Iowa highlighting Mills County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Mills_County.svg/75px-Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Mills_County.svg.png"}]
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[{"reference":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 16, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_19.txt","url_text":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020 Census State Redistricting Data\". census.gov. United states Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/Iowa/","url_text":"\"2020 Census State Redistricting Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html","url_text":"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110220065340/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt","url_text":"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"},{"url":"https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Census of Population and Housing\". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 11, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"Stewart, Scott (June 19, 2014). \"East Mills to close elementary, ask voters for more money\". Non Pareil Online. Retrieved July 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nonpareilonline.com/news/local/east-mills-to-close-elementary-ask-voters-for-more-money/article_2eaafe1b-f5f3-54a2-b789-c1c216eca60e.html","url_text":"\"East Mills to close elementary, ask voters for more money\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Non_Pareil_Online&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Non Pareil Online"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencer,_Minnesota
Pencer, Minnesota
["1 Notes"]
Coordinates: 48°41′57″N 95°38′16″W / 48.69917°N 95.63778°W / 48.69917; -95.63778 Unincorporated community in Minnesota, United StatesPencerUnincorporated communityPencerShow map of MinnesotaPencerShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 48°41′57″N 95°38′16″W / 48.69917°N 95.63778°W / 48.69917; -95.63778CountryUnited StatesStateMinnesotaCountyRoseauElevation1,093 ft (333 m)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)Area code218GNIS feature ID649257 Pencer is an unincorporated community in Mickinock Township, Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. Notes ^ a b "Pencer, Minnesota". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. ^ Minnesota Department of Minnesota, Roseau County map-sheet 2 vteMunicipalities and communities of Roseau County, Minnesota, United StatesCounty seat: RoseauCities Badger Greenbush Roosevelt‡ Roseau Strathcona Warroad Map of Minnesota highlighting Roseau CountyTownships Barnett Barto Beaver Cedarbend Deer Dewey Dieter Enstrom Falun Golden Valley Grimstad Hereim Huss Jadis Lake Laona Lind Malung Mickinock Moose Moranville Nereson Palmville Pohlitz Polonia Poplar Grove Reine Ross Skagen Soler Spruce Stafford Stokes Unorganizedterritories North Roseau Northwest Roseau Southeast Roseau Unincorporatedcommunities Casperson Fox Haug Leo Longworth Malung Pencer Pinecreek Ross Salol Skime Swift Torfin Wannaska Ghost town Winner Indianreservation Red Lake Indian Reservation‡ Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Minnesota portal United States portal This article about a location in Roseau County, Minnesota is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"unincorporated community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_community"},{"link_name":"Mickinock Township","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickinock_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Roseau County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Unincorporated community in Minnesota, United StatesPencer is an unincorporated community in Mickinock Township, Roseau County, Minnesota, United States.[1][2]","title":"Pencer, Minnesota"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-gnis_1-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-gnis_1-1"},{"link_name":"\"Pencer, 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2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.dot.state.mn.us/maps/gdma/data/maps/county/roseau2.pdf"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Roseau County, Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"County seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Roseau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseau,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Cities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City"},{"link_name":"Badger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badger,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Greenbush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenbush,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Roosevelt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Roseau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseau,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Strathcona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strathcona,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Warroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warroad,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Townships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_township"},{"link_name":"Barnett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnett_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Barto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barto_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Beaver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Cedarbend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedarbend_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Deer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Dewey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Dieter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Enstrom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enstrom_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Falun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Golden Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Valley_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Grimstad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimstad_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Hereim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereim_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Huss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huss_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Jadis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadis_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Laona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laona_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Lind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lind_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Malung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malung_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Mickinock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickinock_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Moose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moose_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Moranville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moranville_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Nereson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereson_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Palmville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmville_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Pohlitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohlitz_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Polonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Poplar Grove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplar_Grove_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Reine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reine_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Ross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Skagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skagen_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Soler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soler_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Spruce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Stafford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafford_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Stokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_Township,_Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Unorganizedterritories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area#U.S._Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"North Roseau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Roseau,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Northwest Roseau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Roseau,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Southeast Roseau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Roseau,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Unincorporatedcommunities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area"},{"link_name":"Casperson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casperson,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Haug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haug,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Leo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Longworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longworth,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Malung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malung,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Pencer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Pinecreek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinecreek,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Ross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Salol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salol,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Skime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skime,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Swift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Torfin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torfin,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Wannaska","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wannaska,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Ghost town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_town"},{"link_name":"Winner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winner,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"Indianreservation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_reservation"},{"link_name":"Red Lake Indian Reservation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Lake_Indian_Reservation"},{"link_name":"Minnesota portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Minnesota_(state)"},{"link_name":"United States portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States"},{"link_name":"Roseau County, Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseau_County,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pencer,_Minnesota&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:RoseauCountyMN-geo-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:RoseauCountyMN-geo-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RoseauCountyMN-geo-stub"}],"text":"^ a b \"Pencer, Minnesota\". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.\n\n^ Minnesota Department of Minnesota, Roseau County map-sheet 2vteMunicipalities and communities of Roseau County, Minnesota, United StatesCounty seat: RoseauCities\nBadger\nGreenbush\nRoosevelt‡\nRoseau\nStrathcona\nWarroad\nMap of Minnesota highlighting Roseau CountyTownships\nBarnett\nBarto\nBeaver\nCedarbend\nDeer\nDewey\nDieter\nEnstrom\nFalun\nGolden Valley\nGrimstad\nHereim\nHuss\nJadis\nLake\nLaona\nLind\nMalung\nMickinock\nMoose\nMoranville\nNereson\nPalmville\nPohlitz\nPolonia\nPoplar Grove\nReine\nRoss\nSkagen\nSoler\nSpruce\nStafford\nStokes\nUnorganizedterritories\nNorth Roseau\nNorthwest Roseau\nSoutheast Roseau\nUnincorporatedcommunities\nCasperson\nFox\nHaug\nLeo\nLongworth\nMalung\nPencer\nPinecreek\nRoss\nSalol\nSkime\nSwift\nTorfin\nWannaska\nGhost town\nWinner\nIndianreservation\nRed Lake Indian Reservation‡\nFootnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties\nMinnesota portal\nUnited States portalThis article about a location in Roseau County, Minnesota is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Notes"}]
[{"image_text":"Map of Minnesota highlighting Roseau County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Map_of_Minnesota_highlighting_Roseau_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Minnesota_highlighting_Roseau_County.svg.png"}]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsu,_Aomori
Mutsu, Aomori
["1 Geography","1.1 Neighboring municipalities","1.2 Climate","2 Demographics","3 History","4 Government","5 Economy","6 Education","6.1 High schools","7 Transportation","7.1 Railway","7.2 Highway","8 Sister cities","9 Local attractions","10 Noted people from Mutsu","11 References","12 External links"]
Coordinates: 41°17′34.2″N 141°11′1″E / 41.292833°N 141.18361°E / 41.292833; 141.18361City in Tōhoku, JapanMutsu むつ市CityMutsu City from Kamafuse-yama FlagSealLocation of Mutsu in Aomori PrefectureMutsu Coordinates: 41°17′34.2″N 141°11′1″E / 41.292833°N 141.18361°E / 41.292833; 141.18361CountryJapanRegionTōhokuPrefectureAomoriŌminato-tanabuSeptember 1, 1959MutsuAugust 1, 1960Government • MayorTomoya Yamamoto (since March 2023)Area • Total864.12 km2 (333.64 sq mi)Population (January 31, 2023) • Total53,804 • Density62/km2 (160/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)Phone number0175-22-1111Address1-1-1, Kanaya, Mutsu-shi, Aomori-ken 035-8686ClimateCfb/DfbWebsiteOfficial websiteSymbolsBirdWhooper swanFlowerRosa rugosaTreeAsunaro Mutsu City Hall Mutsu (むつ市, Mutsu-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023, the city had an estimated population of 53,804 in 28553, and a population density of 62 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 864.12 square kilometers (333.64 sq mi), making it the largest municipality in Aomori Prefecture in terms of area. Geography Mutsu occupies most of Shimokita Peninsula and is bordered by Mutsu Bay to the south and Tsugaru Strait to the north, and is the northernmost city on the island of Honshū. The volcanic Osorezan Mountain Range extends across the western and central portion of the city, and includes a number of caldera lakes. Mount Hiuchidake, 781 meters above sea level, is on the north side, and Mount Osore is on the south side. At the center of Mount Osore is a caldera with a diameter of about 3 kilometers, inside which is a caldera lake called Lake Usori. Mount Kamabu (elevation 879 m) is located southeast of the caldera's outer rim, and is the highest point of Mount Osore. The Tanabe River, which originates from the Shimokita Hills, flows through Tanabu, the center of Mutsu City, and the Tanabe Plain spreads out in the basin. The population is concentrated in the Tanabe, Ōhira, and Ōminato neighborhoods. Ōminato is located at the foot of Mount Kamabu, facing Ōminato Bay, where the waves are calm. There is a sand spit called Ashizaki in Ōminato Bay, and the inside of the sand spit is called Ashizaki Bay, which is a natural harbor. The Shimokita hills stretch in the southeastern part of the city. Parts of the city is within the limits of the Shimokita Hantō Quasi-National Park, including Mount Osore, Yagen Valley, and Taijima. Neighboring municipalities Aomori Prefecture Kazamaura Ōma Higashidōri Sai Yokohama Climate Mutsu has a rare oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) or warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) by 0 °C isoterm, the south of the city being the northern boundary of the hot-summer type (Dfa) in Aomori, disregarding rural areas in the west. The city is characterized by warm summers and cool to cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Mutsu is 9.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1339 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 20.3 °C, and lowest in January, at around -4.6 °C. Climate data for Mutsu, Aomori (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1935−present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 10.9(51.6) 13.8(56.8) 19.2(66.6) 26.8(80.2) 31.0(87.8) 30.3(86.5) 34.7(94.5) 35.3(95.5) 33.5(92.3) 26.2(79.2) 21.3(70.3) 17.2(63.0) 35.3(95.5) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.8(35.2) 2.4(36.3) 6.3(43.3) 12.7(54.9) 17.8(64.0) 20.8(69.4) 24.1(75.4) 25.8(78.4) 23.2(73.8) 17.6(63.7) 10.9(51.6) 4.4(39.9) 14.0(57.2) Daily mean °C (°F) −1.2(29.8) −0.9(30.4) 2.3(36.1) 7.6(45.7) 12.5(54.5) 16.1(61.0) 20.1(68.2) 21.8(71.2) 18.7(65.7) 12.7(54.9) 6.8(44.2) 1.2(34.2) 9.8(49.7) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.9(23.2) −4.9(23.2) −2.0(28.4) 2.8(37.0) 7.8(46.0) 12.2(54.0) 16.9(62.4) 18.4(65.1) 14.2(57.6) 7.2(45.0) 2.1(35.8) −2.5(27.5) 5.6(42.1) Record low °C (°F) −22.1(−7.8) −22.4(−8.3) −18.8(−1.8) −9.6(14.7) −2.8(27.0) 1.8(35.2) 6.1(43.0) 9.0(48.2) 1.9(35.4) −2.9(26.8) −9.6(14.7) −17.9(−0.2) −22.4(−8.3) Average precipitation mm (inches) 102.2(4.02) 86.8(3.42) 85.3(3.36) 78.7(3.10) 98.3(3.87) 95.1(3.74) 129.5(5.10) 171.8(6.76) 163.8(6.45) 120.8(4.76) 114.9(4.52) 110.5(4.35) 1,357.7(53.45) Average snowfall cm (inches) 121(48) 104(41) 61(24) 4(1.6) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 10(3.9) 66(26) 366(144.5) Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 17.6 14.8 13.4 10.7 10.3 8.2 9.2 9.9 10.2 11.6 14.6 16.4 146.9 Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) 20.7 17.3 10.6 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 11.8 63.9 Average relative humidity (%) 74 73 71 70 76 83 86 85 82 77 74 74 77 Mean monthly sunshine hours 67.7 88.2 141.3 184.7 196.9 163.6 131.5 139.0 145.0 150.7 98.3 70.6 1,577.5 Source: Japan Meteorological Agency Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Mutsu has declined over the past 40 years. Historical populationYearPop.±% p.a. 1920 34,129—     1930 37,006+0.81% 1940 45,887+2.17% 1950 62,918+3.21% 1960 65,880+0.46% 1970 66,447+0.09%YearPop.±% p.a. 1980 71,567+0.75% 1990 68,637−0.42% 2000 67,022−0.24% 2010 61,053−0.93% 2020 56,244−0.82%Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. History Mutsu was founded on September 1, 1959 through the merger of the former towns of Ōminato and Tanabu. Tanabu had been the location of a daikansho under the Morioka Domain in the Edo period, and was a resettlement and colonization zone for dispossessed ex-samurai of the defeated Aizu Domain after the Boshin War. The village of Ōminato was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on 1 April 1889, and was raised to town status on November 10, 1928. Ōminato was a port town, and home to the Ōminato Guard District, a major base for the Imperial Japanese Navy until the end of World War II. The town and its military base were bombed repeatedly from the middle of July to middle of August 1945 during World War II. The base facilities were used by the United States Navy during the occupation of Japan, and (on a reduced scale) by the Japan Maritime Self Defence Force to date. Ōminato merged with the adjacent town of Tanabe to form the city Ōminato-Tanabu (coupling of the names of two antecedent towns) on September 1, 1959; its name was changed to Mutsu in 1960. At the time, it was the only city with a hiragana name (むつ), which was adopted to avoid confusion with the original kanji word Mutsu (陸奥) which indicates the old province that covered most of the modern Tōhoku region. On March 14, 2005, the towns of Kawauchi and Ōhata, and the village of Wakinosawa (all from Shimokita District) were merged into Mutsu. Government Mutsu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 26 members. Mutsu, together with Shimokita District, contributes three members to the Aomori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aomori 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan. Economy The economy of Mutsu is heavily dependent on agriculture, forestry and fishing, especially scallop aquaculture in Mutsu Bay. The city is also the location for various facilities of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and was the home port for the nuclear powered research vessel Mutsu, until its decommissioning in 1997. Education Mutsu has 12 public elementary schools and nine middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education. The Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College has a campus in Mutsu. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped. High schools Tanabu High School Ōminato High School Mutsu Technical High School Kawauchi Branch of Aomori Prefectural Ominato High School Transportation Railway East Japan Railway Company (JR East) – Ōminato Line Chikagawa – Kanayasawa – Akagawa – Shimokita – Ōminato Highway Shimokita Expressway National Route 279 National Route 338 Sister cities Port Angeles, Washington, United States is a sister city of Mutsu. The two cities have an exchange student program set up. Local attractions Mount Osore Lake Usori Yagen Valley Kawauchi Dam, northernmost dam on Honshu Noted people from Mutsu Yuya Asahina, manga artist Yuzo Kawashima, movie director Ryu Fujisaki, manga artist Fumie Hosokawa, actress and gravure model Kenichi Matsuyama, actor References ^ "Mutsu city official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan. ^ "Mutsu Shimokita Tourist Information". Mutsu City Tourist Association. 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020. ^ "Mutsu Climate Mutsu Temperatures Mutsu Weather Averages". www.mutsu.climatemps.com. Retrieved 2019-03-07. ^ "Interactive Asia Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map". www.plantmaps.com. Retrieved 2019-03-07. ^ Mutsu climate data ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved February 17, 2022. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved February 17, 2022. ^ Mutsu population statistics External links Media related to Mutsu, Aomori at Wikimedia Commons Official Website (in Japanese) vteAomori PrefectureAomori (capital)Core cities Aomori Hachinohe Cities Goshogawara Hirakawa Hirosaki Kuroishi Misawa Mutsu Towada Tsugaru Districts Higashitsugaru District Hiranai Imabetsu Sotogahama Yomogita Kamikita District Noheji Oirase Rokunohe Shichinohe Tōhoku Yokohama Rokkasho Kitatsugaru District Itayanagi Nakadomari Tsuruta Minamitsugaru District Fujisaki Inakadate Ōwani Nakatsugaru District Nishimeya Nishitsugaru District Ajigasawa Fukaura Sannohe District Gonohe Hashikami Nanbu Sannohe Takko Shingō Shimokita District Ōma Higashidōri Kazamaura Sai List of mergers in Aomori Prefecture Authority control databases International VIAF National Japan Geographic MusicBrainz area Other NARA
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MutsuCityOffice.jpg"},{"link_name":"city","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_Japan"},{"link_name":"Aomori Prefecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture"},{"link_name":"Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutsu,_Aomori&action=edit"},{"link_name":"population","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mutsu-hp-1"}],"text":"City in Tōhoku, JapanMutsu City HallMutsu (むつ市, Mutsu-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023[update], the city had an estimated population of 53,804 in 28553, and a population density of 62 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is 864.12 square kilometers (333.64 sq mi), making it the largest municipality in Aomori Prefecture in terms of area.","title":"Mutsu, Aomori"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shimokita Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimokita_Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Mutsu Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsu_Bay"},{"link_name":"Tsugaru Strait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsugaru_Strait"},{"link_name":"Honshū","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB"},{"link_name":"Osorezan Mountain Range","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Osore"},{"link_name":"caldera lakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_lake"},{"link_name":"Shimokita Hantō Quasi-National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimokita_Hant%C5%8D_Quasi-National_Park"},{"link_name":"Yagen Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagen_Valley"},{"link_name":"Taijima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijima"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Mutsu occupies most of Shimokita Peninsula and is bordered by Mutsu Bay to the south and Tsugaru Strait to the north, and is the northernmost city on the island of Honshū. The volcanic Osorezan Mountain Range extends across the western and central portion of the city, and includes a number of caldera lakes. Mount Hiuchidake, 781 meters above sea level, is on the north side, and Mount Osore is on the south side. At the center of Mount Osore is a caldera with a diameter of about 3 kilometers, inside which is a caldera lake called Lake Usori. Mount Kamabu (elevation 879 m) is located southeast of the caldera's outer rim, and is the highest point of Mount Osore. The Tanabe River, which originates from the Shimokita Hills, flows through Tanabu, the center of Mutsu City, and the Tanabe Plain spreads out in the basin. The population is concentrated in the Tanabe, Ōhira, and Ōminato neighborhoods. Ōminato is located at the foot of Mount Kamabu, facing Ōminato Bay, where the waves are calm. There is a sand spit called Ashizaki in Ōminato Bay, and the inside of the sand spit is called Ashizaki Bay, which is a natural harbor. The Shimokita hills stretch in the southeastern part of the city.Parts of the city is within the limits of the Shimokita Hantō Quasi-National Park, including Mount Osore, Yagen Valley, and Taijima.[2]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kazamaura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazamaura,_Aomori"},{"link_name":"Ōma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cma,_Aomori"},{"link_name":"Higashidōri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higashid%C5%8Dri,_Aomori"},{"link_name":"Sai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai,_Aomori"},{"link_name":"Yokohama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama,_Aomori"}],"sub_title":"Neighboring municipalities","text":"Aomori PrefectureKazamaura\nŌma\nHigashidōri\nSai\nYokohama","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"oceanic climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climate"},{"link_name":"Köppen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification"},{"link_name":"warm-summer humid continental climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climate"},{"link_name":"hot-summer type","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climate"},{"link_name":"Aomori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aomori_(city)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"precipitation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation"},{"link_name":"relative humidity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_humidity"},{"link_name":"sunshine hours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_duration"},{"link_name":"Japan Meteorological Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"Climate","text":"Mutsu has a rare oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) or warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) by 0 °C isoterm, the south of the city being the northern boundary of the hot-summer type (Dfa) in Aomori, disregarding rural areas in the west.[3][4] The city is characterized by warm summers and cool to cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Mutsu is 9.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1339 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 20.3 °C, and lowest in January, at around -4.6 °C.[5]Climate data for Mutsu, Aomori (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1935−present)\n\n\nMonth\n\nJan\n\nFeb\n\nMar\n\nApr\n\nMay\n\nJun\n\nJul\n\nAug\n\nSep\n\nOct\n\nNov\n\nDec\n\nYear\n\n\nRecord high °C (°F)\n\n10.9(51.6)\n\n13.8(56.8)\n\n19.2(66.6)\n\n26.8(80.2)\n\n31.0(87.8)\n\n30.3(86.5)\n\n34.7(94.5)\n\n35.3(95.5)\n\n33.5(92.3)\n\n26.2(79.2)\n\n21.3(70.3)\n\n17.2(63.0)\n\n35.3(95.5)\n\n\nMean daily maximum °C (°F)\n\n1.8(35.2)\n\n2.4(36.3)\n\n6.3(43.3)\n\n12.7(54.9)\n\n17.8(64.0)\n\n20.8(69.4)\n\n24.1(75.4)\n\n25.8(78.4)\n\n23.2(73.8)\n\n17.6(63.7)\n\n10.9(51.6)\n\n4.4(39.9)\n\n14.0(57.2)\n\n\nDaily mean °C (°F)\n\n−1.2(29.8)\n\n−0.9(30.4)\n\n2.3(36.1)\n\n7.6(45.7)\n\n12.5(54.5)\n\n16.1(61.0)\n\n20.1(68.2)\n\n21.8(71.2)\n\n18.7(65.7)\n\n12.7(54.9)\n\n6.8(44.2)\n\n1.2(34.2)\n\n9.8(49.7)\n\n\nMean daily minimum °C (°F)\n\n−4.9(23.2)\n\n−4.9(23.2)\n\n−2.0(28.4)\n\n2.8(37.0)\n\n7.8(46.0)\n\n12.2(54.0)\n\n16.9(62.4)\n\n18.4(65.1)\n\n14.2(57.6)\n\n7.2(45.0)\n\n2.1(35.8)\n\n−2.5(27.5)\n\n5.6(42.1)\n\n\nRecord low °C (°F)\n\n−22.1(−7.8)\n\n−22.4(−8.3)\n\n−18.8(−1.8)\n\n−9.6(14.7)\n\n−2.8(27.0)\n\n1.8(35.2)\n\n6.1(43.0)\n\n9.0(48.2)\n\n1.9(35.4)\n\n−2.9(26.8)\n\n−9.6(14.7)\n\n−17.9(−0.2)\n\n−22.4(−8.3)\n\n\nAverage precipitation mm (inches)\n\n102.2(4.02)\n\n86.8(3.42)\n\n85.3(3.36)\n\n78.7(3.10)\n\n98.3(3.87)\n\n95.1(3.74)\n\n129.5(5.10)\n\n171.8(6.76)\n\n163.8(6.45)\n\n120.8(4.76)\n\n114.9(4.52)\n\n110.5(4.35)\n\n1,357.7(53.45)\n\n\nAverage snowfall cm (inches)\n\n121(48)\n\n104(41)\n\n61(24)\n\n4(1.6)\n\n0(0)\n\n0(0)\n\n0(0)\n\n0(0)\n\n0(0)\n\n0(0)\n\n10(3.9)\n\n66(26)\n\n366(144.5)\n\n\nAverage precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)\n\n17.6\n\n14.8\n\n13.4\n\n10.7\n\n10.3\n\n8.2\n\n9.2\n\n9.9\n\n10.2\n\n11.6\n\n14.6\n\n16.4\n\n146.9\n\n\nAverage snowy days (≥ 1 cm)\n\n20.7\n\n17.3\n\n10.6\n\n1.1\n\n0\n\n0\n\n0\n\n0\n\n0\n\n0\n\n2.4\n\n11.8\n\n63.9\n\n\nAverage relative humidity (%)\n\n74\n\n73\n\n71\n\n70\n\n76\n\n83\n\n86\n\n85\n\n82\n\n77\n\n74\n\n74\n\n77\n\n\nMean monthly sunshine hours\n\n67.7\n\n88.2\n\n141.3\n\n184.7\n\n196.9\n\n163.6\n\n131.5\n\n139.0\n\n145.0\n\n150.7\n\n98.3\n\n70.6\n\n1,577.5\n\n\nSource: Japan Meteorological Agency[6][7]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Per Japanese census data,[8] the population of Mutsu has declined over the past 40 years.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"daikansho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daikansho"},{"link_name":"Morioka Domain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morioka_Domain"},{"link_name":"Edo period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period"},{"link_name":"samurai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai"},{"link_name":"Aizu Domain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizu_Domain"},{"link_name":"Boshin War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boshin_War"},{"link_name":"Ōminato Guard District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cminato_Guard_District"},{"link_name":"Imperial Japanese Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"United States Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy"},{"link_name":"occupation of Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupied_Japan"},{"link_name":"Japan Maritime Self Defence Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self_Defence_Force"},{"link_name":"city with a hiragana name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana_cities"},{"link_name":"kanji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji"},{"link_name":"Mutsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsu_Province"},{"link_name":"old province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_provinces_of_Japan"},{"link_name":"Tōhoku region","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region"},{"link_name":"Kawauchi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawauchi,_Aomori"},{"link_name":"Ōhata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Chata,_Aomori"},{"link_name":"Wakinosawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakinosawa,_Aomori"},{"link_name":"Shimokita District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimokita_District,_Aomori"}],"text":"Mutsu was founded on September 1, 1959 through the merger of the former towns of Ōminato and Tanabu. Tanabu had been the location of a daikansho under the Morioka Domain in the Edo period, and was a resettlement and colonization zone for dispossessed ex-samurai of the defeated Aizu Domain after the Boshin War. The village of Ōminato was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on 1 April 1889, and was raised to town status on November 10, 1928. Ōminato was a port town, and home to the Ōminato Guard District, a major base for the Imperial Japanese Navy until the end of World War II. The town and its military base were bombed repeatedly from the middle of July to middle of August 1945 during World War II. The base facilities were used by the United States Navy during the occupation of Japan, and (on a reduced scale) by the Japan Maritime Self Defence Force to date.Ōminato merged with the adjacent town of Tanabe to form the city Ōminato-Tanabu (coupling of the names of two antecedent towns) on September 1, 1959; its name was changed to Mutsu in 1960. At the time, it was the only city with a hiragana name (むつ), which was adopted to avoid confusion with the original kanji word Mutsu (陸奥) which indicates the old province that covered most of the modern Tōhoku region.On March 14, 2005, the towns of Kawauchi and Ōhata, and the village of Wakinosawa (all from Shimokita District) were merged into Mutsu.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"mayor-council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor-council"},{"link_name":"unicameral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameral"},{"link_name":"Aomori 1st district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aomori_1st_district"},{"link_name":"lower house","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Japan"},{"link_name":"Diet of Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_Japan"}],"text":"Mutsu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 26 members. Mutsu, together with Shimokita District, contributes three members to the Aomori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aomori 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.","title":"Government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"scallop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallop"},{"link_name":"Japan Atomic Energy Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Atomic_Energy_Agency"},{"link_name":"nuclear powered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion"},{"link_name":"Mutsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsu_(nuclear_ship)"}],"text":"The economy of Mutsu is heavily dependent on agriculture, forestry and fishing, especially scallop aquaculture in Mutsu Bay. The city is also the location for various facilities of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and was the home port for the nuclear powered research vessel Mutsu, until its decommissioning in 1997.","title":"Economy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aomori_Akenohoshi_Junior_College"}],"text":"Mutsu has 12 public elementary schools and nine middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education. The Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College has a campus in Mutsu. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped.","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"High schools","text":"Tanabu High School\nŌminato High School\nMutsu Technical High School\nKawauchi Branch of Aomori Prefectural Ominato High School","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JR_logo_(east).svg"},{"link_name":"East Japan Railway Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company"},{"link_name":"Ōminato Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cminato_Line"},{"link_name":"Chikagawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikagawa_Station"},{"link_name":"Kanayasawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanayasawa_Station"},{"link_name":"Akagawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akagawa_Station"},{"link_name":"Shimokita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimokita_Station"},{"link_name":"Ōminato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cminato_Station"}],"sub_title":"Railway","text":"East Japan Railway Company (JR East) – Ōminato LineChikagawa – Kanayasawa – Akagawa – Shimokita – Ōminato","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shimokita Expressway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimokita_Expressway"},{"link_name":"National Route 279","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Route_279"},{"link_name":"National Route 338","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_National_Route_338"}],"sub_title":"Highway","text":"Shimokita Expressway\n National Route 279\n National Route 338","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Port Angeles, Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Angeles,_Washington"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"sister city","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_city"},{"link_name":"exchange student","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_student"}],"text":"Port Angeles, Washington, United States is a sister city of Mutsu. The two cities have an exchange student program set up.","title":"Sister cities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mount Osore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Osore"},{"link_name":"Lake Usori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Usori"},{"link_name":"Yagen Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagen_Valley"},{"link_name":"Kawauchi Dam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawauchi_Dam"}],"text":"Mount Osore\nLake Usori\nYagen Valley\nKawauchi Dam, northernmost dam on Honshu","title":"Local attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yuya Asahina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuya_Asahina"},{"link_name":"Yuzo Kawashima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzo_Kawashima"},{"link_name":"Ryu Fujisaki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryu_Fujisaki"},{"link_name":"Fumie Hosokawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumie_Hosokawa"},{"link_name":"Kenichi Matsuyama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenichi_Matsuyama"}],"text":"Yuya Asahina, manga artist\nYuzo Kawashima, movie director\nRyu Fujisaki, manga artist\nFumie Hosokawa, actress and gravure model\nKenichi Matsuyama, actor","title":"Noted people from Mutsu"}]
[{"image_text":"Mutsu City Hall","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MutsuCityOffice.jpg/270px-MutsuCityOffice.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Mutsu city official statistics\" (in Japanese). Japan.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.city.mutsu.lg.jp/government/about/toukei/JKD_MonthlySyuukei.html","url_text":"\"Mutsu city official statistics\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mutsu Shimokita Tourist Information\". Mutsu City Tourist Association. 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://mutsu-kanko.jp/en/miru_06.html","url_text":"\"Mutsu Shimokita Tourist Information\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mutsu Climate Mutsu Temperatures Mutsu Weather Averages\". www.mutsu.climatemps.com. Retrieved 2019-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mutsu.climatemps.com/","url_text":"\"Mutsu Climate Mutsu Temperatures Mutsu Weather Averages\""}]},{"reference":"\"Interactive Asia Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map\". www.plantmaps.com. Retrieved 2019-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.plantmaps.com/koppen-climate-classification-map-asia.php","url_text":"\"Interactive Asia Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map\""}]},{"reference":"観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved February 17, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=31&block_no=47576&year=&month=13&day=&view=h0","url_text":"観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency","url_text":"JMA"}]},{"reference":"気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved February 17, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=31&block_no=47576&year=&month=12&day=&view=h0","url_text":"気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency","url_text":"JMA"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mutsu,_Aomori&params=41_17_34.2_N_141_11_1_E_region:JP_type:city(53804)","external_links_name":"41°17′34.2″N 141°11′1″E / 41.292833°N 141.18361°E / 41.292833; 141.18361"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mutsu,_Aomori&params=41_17_34.2_N_141_11_1_E_region:JP_type:city(53804)","external_links_name":"41°17′34.2″N 141°11′1″E / 41.292833°N 141.18361°E / 41.292833; 141.18361"},{"Link":"http://www.city.mutsu.lg.jp/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutsu,_Aomori&action=edit","external_links_name":"[update]"},{"Link":"https://www.city.mutsu.lg.jp/government/about/toukei/JKD_MonthlySyuukei.html","external_links_name":"\"Mutsu city official statistics\""},{"Link":"http://mutsu-kanko.jp/en/miru_06.html","external_links_name":"\"Mutsu Shimokita Tourist Information\""},{"Link":"http://www.mutsu.climatemps.com/","external_links_name":"\"Mutsu Climate Mutsu Temperatures Mutsu Weather Averages\""},{"Link":"https://www.plantmaps.com/koppen-climate-classification-map-asia.php","external_links_name":"\"Interactive Asia Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map\""},{"Link":"https://en.climate-data.org/location/5402/","external_links_name":"Mutsu climate data"},{"Link":"https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=31&block_no=47576&year=&month=13&day=&view=h0","external_links_name":"観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）"},{"Link":"https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=31&block_no=47576&year=&month=12&day=&view=h0","external_links_name":"気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）"},{"Link":"https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-aomori.php","external_links_name":"Mutsu population statistics"},{"Link":"http://www.city.mutsu.lg.jp/","external_links_name":"Official Website"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/258412346","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00301256","external_links_name":"Japan"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/area/c6b3fbfc-d778-40cf-b827-4f3b20625388","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz area"},{"Link":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10037762","external_links_name":"NARA"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_Run_(testing)
Dry run (testing)
["1 Etymology","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
Software testing process to ensure that a system works correctly A dry run (or practice run) is a software testing process used to make sure that a system works correctly and will not result in severe failure. For example, rsync, a utility for transferring and synchronizing data between networked computers or storage drives, has a "dry-run" option users can use to check that their command-line arguments are valid and to simulate what would happen when actually copying the data. In acceptance procedures (such as factory acceptance testing, for example), a "dry run" is when the factory, a subcontractor, performs a complete test of the system it has to deliver before it is actually accepted by the customer. Etymology The term dry run appears to have originated from fire departments in the US. In order to practice, they would carry out dispatches of the fire brigade where water was not pumped. A run with real fire and water was referred to as a wet run. The more general usage of the term seems to have arisen from widespread use by the United States Armed Forces during World War II. See also Code review Pilot experiment Preview (computing) References ^ a b "Dry Run « The Word Detective". www.word-detective.com. Retrieved 28 April 2021. ^ Craig, Rick David; Jaskiel, Stefan P. (2002). Systematic Software Testing. Artech House. ISBN 978-1-58053-792-6. ^ Schmidt, Richard (2013-04-30). Software Engineering: Architecture-driven Software Development. Newnes. ISBN 978-0-12-407878-9. External links Look up dry run in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. World Wide Words: Dry Run Wiktionary - dry run This industry-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This computer-programming-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
[{"title":"Code review","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review"},{"title":"Pilot experiment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_experiment"},{"title":"Preview (computing)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preview_(computing)"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigoletto_Paraphrase
Bella figlia dell'amore
["1 Libretto","2 References","3 External links"]
Vocal quartet from the opera Rigoletto by Giueseppe Verdi Bella figlia dell'amore Enrico Caruso, Bessie Abott, Louise Homer and Antonio Scotti, 1907 Victor Records recording Problems playing this file? See media help. "Bella figlia dell'amore" ("Beautiful daughter of love") is a vocal quartet from the last act of Giuseppe Verdi's 1851 opera Rigoletto. It has been described as a "masterful quartet that is an intricate musical depiction of four personalities and their overlapping agendas", and has been performed and recorded by many notable artists. The plot of the 2012 film Quartet revolves around a performance of this quartet. Rigoletto Paraphrase (1859, S. 434) is a virtuoso piano arrangement of the quartet by Franz Liszt. Another paraphrase was written by German composer Wilhelm Krüger  (1820–1883) as his Op. 61. Libretto Italian DUCA: Un dì, se ben rammentomi, o bella, t'incontrai... Mi piacque di te chiedere e intesi che qui stai. Or sappi che d'allora sol te quest'alma adora. GILDA (da sé): Iniquo! MADDALENA: Ah! Ah!...e vent'altre appresso le scorda forse adesso? Ha un'aria il signorino da vero libertino. DUCA: Sì, un mostro son. GILDA: Ah, padre mio! MADDALENA: Lasciatemi, stordito! DUCA: Ah, che fracasso! MADDALENA: Stia saggio! DUCA: E tu sii docile, non farmi tanto, chiasso. Ogni saggezza chiudesi nel gaudio e nell'amore. (Le prende la mano.) La bella mano candida! MADDALENA: Scherzate voi, signore. DUCA: No, no. MADDALENA: Son brutta. DUCA: Abbracciami. GILDA (da sé): Iniquo! MADDALENA: Ebbro! DUCA: D'amore ardente. MADDALENA: Signor l'indifferente, vi piace canzonar? DUCA: No, no, ti vo' sposar... MADDALENA: Ne voglio la parola. DUCA (ironico): Amabile figliuola! RIGOLETTO (a Gilda che avrà tutto osservato ed inteso): —E non ti basta ancor? GILDA: Iniquo traditor! DUCA: Bella figlia dell'amore, schiavo son dei vezzi tuoi; con un detto sol tu puoi le mie pene consolar. Vieni e senti del mio core il frequente palpitar. MADDALENA: Ah! ah! rido ben di core, che tai baie costan poco, quanto valga il vostro gioco, mel credete, so apprezzar. Son avvezza, bel signore, ad un simile scherzar, mio bel signor! GILDA: Ah, così parlar d'amore a me l'infame ho udito! Infelice cor tradito, per angoscia non scoppiar. RIGOLETTO: Taci, il piangere non vale, Ch'ei mentiva sei sicura. Taci, e mia sarà la cura la vendetta d'affrettar. Pronta fia, sarà fatale, io saprollo fulminar! Literal translation DUKE: One day, if I remember well, oh beautiful, I met you ... I liked you to ask and understood that you are here. Now know that since then only you this soul adores. GILDA (to herself): Unfair! MADDALENA: Ah! Ah! ... and twenty others below, perhaps you forget them now? He looks like the young gentleman like a true libertine. DUKE: Yes, I am a monster. GILDA: Ah, my father! MADDALENA: Leave me stunned! DUKE: Ah, what a din! MADDALENA: Be wise! DUKE: And you be docile, don't make me so much fuss. All wisdom closed in joy and love. (He takes her hand.) The beautiful white hand! MADDALENA: Are you kidding, sir. DUKE: No, no. MADDALENA: I'm ugly. DUKE: Hug me. GILDA (to herself): Unfair! MADDALENA: Drunkard! DUKE: Of burning love. MADDALENA: Mr. Indifferent, do you like to make fun? DUKE: No, no, I want to marry you ... MADDALENA: I want the word. DUKE (ironic): Lovable daughter! RIGOLETTO (to Gilda, who has observed and understood everything): –And isn't that enough for you yet? GILDA: Unfair traitor! DUKE: Beautiful daughter of Love, I am a slave to your charms; with only one saying you can console my pains. Come and feel the frequent palpitation of my heart. MADDALENA: Ah! ah! I laugh heartily, that these bays are cheap, how much is your game worth, you believe me, I know how to appreciate. I am accustomed, handsome gentleman, to such a joke, my handsome mister! GILDA: Ah, so I heard the infamous talk about love! Unhappy betrayed heart, do not burst out of anguish. RIGOLETTO: Shut up, crying is not worth it, He was lying, you are sure. Shut up, and my cure will be the revenge of hurrying. Ready to go, it will be fatal I know how to strike him! References ^ "Multiple Perspectives: A Close Look at the Act III Quartet, 'Bella figlia dell'amore' Archived October 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Metropolitan Opera. Accessed 30 September 2014. External links Bella figlia dell'amore: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Bella figlia dell'amore on YouTube, Luciano Pavarotti, Isola Jones, Joan Sutherland, Leo Nucci, Metropolitan Opera Gala 11 January 1987, Richard Bonynge conducting vteGiuseppe Verdi's RigolettoSource Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo Films Rigoletto (1956) Rigoletto (1982) Rick (2003) Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto Story (2005) Rigoletto... in Bluegrass (2006) Music "Caro nome che il mio cor" "Bella figlia dell'amore" "La donna è mobile" Related Rigoletto discography "Here" "Juanita Banana" vteGiuseppe VerdiList of compositionsOperas Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio (1839) Un giorno di regno (1840) Nabucco (1842) I Lombardi alla prima crociata (1843) Ernani (1844) I due Foscari (1844) Giovanna d'Arco (1845) Alzira (1845) Attila (1846) Macbeth (1847/65) I masnadieri (1847) Jérusalem (1847) Il corsaro (1848) La battaglia di Legnano (1849) Luisa Miller (1849) Stiffelio (1850) Rigoletto (1851) Il trovatore (1853) La traviata (1853) Les vêpres siciliennes (June 1855) I vespri siciliani (December 1855) Simon Boccanegra (1857/81) Aroldo (1857) Un ballo in maschera (1859) La forza del destino (1862/69) Don Carlos (1867/84) Aida (1871) Otello (1887) Falstaff (1893) Opera excerpts "Anvil Chorus" "Bella figlia dell'amore" "Celeste Aida" "Di quella pira" "La donna è mobile" "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" "Un dì, felice, eterea" "Va, pensiero" Opera discographies Aida Don Carlos Falstaff La forza del destino Macbeth Otello Rigoletto Il trovatore La traviata Un ballo in maschera Other compositions Suona la tromba (1848) Inno delle nazioni (1862) String Quartet in E minor (1873) Messa da Requiem (1874) Quattro pezzi sacri (1889–1897) Recognitions Memorials to Giuseppe Verdi Theatres named after Verdi (Brindisi - Busseto - Florence - Trieste) Milan Conservatory Giuseppe Verdi Monument Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi Verdi (crater) Verdi Inlet Verdi Range 3975 Verdi Verdi, California Verdi, Kansas Verdi, Nevada Cultural depictions Portrait of Giuseppe Verdi (1886) Giuseppe Verdi (1938 film) Verdi, the King of Melody (1953 film) The Life of Verdi (1982 miniseries) After Aida (1985 play) Risorgimento! (2011 opera) Film adaptations Otello (1906) Aida (1953) La Traviata (1983) Otello (1986) Macbeth (1987) Aida (1987) Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto Story (2005) Related articles Casa di Riposo per Musicisti Verdi Transcriptions (Finnissy) Villa Verdi Category Portal: Opera
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bella figlia dell'amore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Enrico_Caruso,_Bessie_Abott,_Louise_Homer,_Antonio_Scotti,_Giuseppe_Verdi,_Bella_figlia_dell%27_amore_(Rigoletto).ogg"},{"link_name":"Enrico Caruso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Caruso"},{"link_name":"Bessie Abott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Abott"},{"link_name":"Louise Homer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Homer"},{"link_name":"Antonio Scotti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Scotti"},{"link_name":"Victor Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Records"},{"link_name":"media help","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media"},{"link_name":"vocal quartet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_quartet"},{"link_name":"Giuseppe Verdi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi"},{"link_name":"opera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera"},{"link_name":"Rigoletto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigoletto"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Quartet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartet_(2012_film)"},{"link_name":"Franz Liszt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Liszt"},{"link_name":"paraphrase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphrase"},{"link_name":"Wilhelm Krüger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Kr%C3%BCger_(composer)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"de","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Kr%C3%BCger_(Komponist)"},{"link_name":"Op.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_number"}],"text":"Bella figlia dell'amore\n\nEnrico Caruso, Bessie Abott, Louise Homer and Antonio Scotti, 1907 Victor Records recording\nProblems playing this file? See media help.\"Bella figlia dell'amore\" (\"Beautiful daughter of love\") is a vocal quartet from the last act of Giuseppe Verdi's 1851 opera Rigoletto.It has been described as a \"masterful quartet that is an intricate musical depiction of four personalities and their overlapping agendas\",[1] and has been performed and recorded by many notable artists.The plot of the 2012 film Quartet revolves around a performance of this quartet.Rigoletto Paraphrase (1859, S. 434) is a virtuoso piano arrangement of the quartet by Franz Liszt. Another paraphrase was written by German composer Wilhelm Krüger [de] (1820–1883) as his Op. 61.","title":"Bella figlia dell'amore"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Italian\nDUCA: Un dì, se ben rammentomi,\no bella, t'incontrai...\nMi piacque di te chiedere\ne intesi che qui stai.\nOr sappi che d'allora\nsol te quest'alma adora.\n\nGILDA (da sé): Iniquo!\n\nMADDALENA: Ah! Ah!...e vent'altre appresso\nle scorda forse adesso?\nHa un'aria il signorino\nda vero libertino.\n\nDUCA: Sì, un mostro son.\nGILDA: Ah, padre mio!\nMADDALENA: Lasciatemi, stordito!\nDUCA: Ah, che fracasso!\nMADDALENA: Stia saggio!\n\nDUCA: E tu sii docile,\nnon farmi tanto, chiasso.\nOgni saggezza chiudesi\nnel gaudio e nell'amore.\n(Le prende la mano.)\nLa bella mano candida!\n\nMADDALENA: Scherzate voi, signore.\nDUCA: No, no.\nMADDALENA: Son brutta.\nDUCA: Abbracciami.\nGILDA (da sé): Iniquo!\nMADDALENA: Ebbro!\nDUCA: D'amore ardente.\n\nMADDALENA: Signor l'indifferente,\nvi piace canzonar?\n\nDUCA: No, no, ti vo' sposar...\n\nMADDALENA: Ne voglio la parola.\nDUCA (ironico): Amabile figliuola!\nRIGOLETTO (a Gilda che avrà tutto osservato ed inteso):\n—E non ti basta ancor?\nGILDA: Iniquo traditor!\n\nDUCA: Bella figlia dell'amore,\nschiavo son dei vezzi tuoi;\ncon un detto sol tu puoi\nle mie pene consolar.\nVieni e senti del mio core\nil frequente palpitar.\n\nMADDALENA: Ah! ah! rido ben di core,\nche tai baie costan poco,\nquanto valga il vostro gioco,\nmel credete, so apprezzar.\nSon avvezza, bel signore,\nad un simile scherzar,\nmio bel signor!\n\nGILDA: Ah, così parlar d'amore\na me l'infame ho udito!\nInfelice cor tradito,\nper angoscia non scoppiar.\n\nRIGOLETTO: Taci, il piangere non vale,\nCh'ei mentiva sei sicura.\nTaci, e mia sarà la cura\nla vendetta d'affrettar.\nPronta fia, sarà fatale,\nio saprollo fulminar!Literal translation\nDUKE: One day, if I remember well,\noh beautiful, I met you ...\nI liked you to ask\nand understood that you are here.\nNow know that since then\nonly you this soul adores.\n\nGILDA (to herself): Unfair!\n\nMADDALENA: Ah! Ah! ... and twenty others below,\nperhaps you forget them now?\nHe looks like the young gentleman\nlike a true libertine.\n\nDUKE: Yes, I am a monster.\nGILDA: Ah, my father!\nMADDALENA: Leave me stunned!\nDUKE: Ah, what a din!\nMADDALENA: Be wise!\n\nDUKE: And you be docile,\ndon't make me so much fuss.\nAll wisdom closed\nin joy and love.\n(He takes her hand.)\nThe beautiful white hand!\n\nMADDALENA: Are you kidding, sir.\nDUKE: No, no.\nMADDALENA: I'm ugly.\nDUKE: Hug me.\nGILDA (to herself): Unfair!\nMADDALENA: Drunkard!\nDUKE: Of burning love.\n\nMADDALENA: Mr. Indifferent,\ndo you like to make fun?\n\nDUKE: No, no, I want to marry you ...\n\nMADDALENA: I want the word.\nDUKE (ironic): Lovable daughter!\nRIGOLETTO (to Gilda, who has observed and understood everything):\n–And isn't that enough for you yet?\nGILDA: Unfair traitor!\n\nDUKE: Beautiful daughter of Love,\nI am a slave to your charms;\nwith only one saying you can\nconsole my pains.\nCome and feel\nthe frequent palpitation of my heart.\n\nMADDALENA: Ah! ah! I laugh heartily,\nthat these bays are cheap,\nhow much is your game worth,\nyou believe me, I know how to appreciate.\nI am accustomed, handsome gentleman,\nto such a joke,\nmy handsome mister!\n\nGILDA: Ah, so I heard\nthe infamous talk about love!\nUnhappy betrayed heart,\ndo not burst out of anguish.\n\nRIGOLETTO: Shut up, crying is not worth it,\nHe was lying, you are sure.\nShut up, and my cure will be\nthe revenge of hurrying.\nReady to go, it will be fatal\nI know how to strike him!","title":"Libretto"}]
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png"}]
null
[]
[{"Link":"http://www.metopera.org/en/education/educator-materials/educator-guides/rigoletto/Multiple-Perspectives/","external_links_name":"\"Multiple Perspectives: A Close Look at the Act III Quartet, 'Bella figlia dell'amore'"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101036/http://www.metopera.org/en/education/educator-materials/educator-guides/rigoletto/Multiple-Perspectives/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVbO1dGzqFg","external_links_name":"Bella figlia dell'amore"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodwill_Bridge,_Brisbane
Goodwill Bridge
["1 Structure","1.1 Specifications","2 History","3 Usage","4 Gallery","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
Coordinates: 27°28′50″S 153°01′38″E / 27.480429°S 153.02717°E / -27.480429; 153.02717 Goodwill Bridge Bridge in Queensland, AustraliaGoodwill BridgeGoodwill BridgeCoordinates27°28′50″S 153°01′38″E / 27.480429°S 153.02717°E / -27.480429; 153.02717CarriesPedestrians and cyclistsCrossesBrisbane RiverLocaleBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaCharacteristicsDesignSteel Through arch bridgeTotal length450 metres (1,480 ft)Width6.5 metres (21 ft)Longest span102 metres (335 ft)Clearance below11.4–12.7 metres (37–42 ft) from high water level to (the underside of?) the bridge deckHistoryEngineering design byOve Arup & PartnersOpened21 October 2001; 22 years ago (2001-10-21)Location View of the Lower North Bank from the Goodwill Bridge View of the South Bank from the Goodwill Bridge The Goodwill Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist bridge which spans the Brisbane River in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The bridge connects the South Bank Parklands in South Brisbane to Gardens Point in the Brisbane CBD. The Goodwill Bridge was opened on 21 October 2001 and takes its name from the Goodwill Games, which were held in Brisbane that year. The bridge does not carry any motorised traffic — it is shared by pedestrians, cyclists and inline skaters. Structure Two main components of The Goodwill Bridge are the pavilion and the arch. The pavilion is located in the middle of the Brisbane River between the arch and the city approach. It is a fundamental component of the pedestrian and cycle bridge and supports one end of the arch. The arch is 102 metres (335 feet) in length, 10 metres (33 feet) wide and 15 metres (49 feet) high and weighs 360 long tons (366 t; 403 short tons). Specifications Width: 6.50 metres (21.3 feet) Height: Clearance for River Vessels 11.4 to 12.7 metres (37 to 42 feet) from high water level to the bridge deck (same height as Victoria and Captain Cook bridges) Arch: 102 metres (335 feet) in length, 10 metres (33 feet) wide and 15 metres (49 feet) high Bridge Deck: The bridge deck wearing surface is concrete with a broom finish to provide a safe foothold. It incorporates coloured concrete and applied finish bandings which signify areas where caution is required. Security: Six closed circuit TV cameras are spread across the bridge and are monitored from the South Bank Security Control Room. Architects: Cox Rayner Design Engineer: Ove Arup and Partners Principal Contractor: John Holland Group Superintendent: Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads Officially Opened: The Premier of Queensland, The Honourable Peter Beattie, officially opened The Goodwill Bridge on 21 October 2001. Total length: 450 metres (1,480 feet) Bridge Foundations: The bridge's 45 foundation piles range in diameter from 500 to 1,500 millimetres (19.7 to 59.1 inches) and are reinforced with 350-grade steel and 60 cubic metres (78 cubic yards) of concrete. Central Arch span: 102 metres (335 feet) History The structure was built downstream at Hemmant and took three months to construct. On completion barges floated the arch upstream at low tide it was floated under the Captain Cook Bridge and then lifted as a single structure into its final resting position by two heavy lift towers. Four strategically positioned platforms and the pavilion-viewing platform provide rest points for pedestrians and cyclists. With exception of cables, all materials utilised in the construction of the arch and the pavilions were sourced from local suppliers. Controversy arose during the construction of the bridge over its growing cost, and a subsequent budgetary blow-out which resulted in the use of $20.3 million in government funds. The bridge was scheduled to be opened by Queen Elizabeth II during her visit for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting summit to be held in Brisbane, but after the postponement of that meeting and change of venue to Coolum on the Sunshine Coast in the wake of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, the bridge was instead opened by Queensland Premier, Peter Beattie. Usage This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Goodwill Bridge connects the South Bank Parklands to Gardens Point. Over 40,000 people walk or cycle across the bridge each week and it is clearly established as a major access point between South Bank and the city. Spanning the Brisbane River between the southern end of South Bank Parklands and the CBD via the Queensland University of Technology campus, the bridge provides a vital link for pedestrians and cyclists, especially since the closest train station to QUT is in South Bank. The bridge is also popular amongst those who like to maintain fitness, providing a link for a continuous run. Traceurs also use the bridge not only to cross, but in strength training as a distance to travel in the Quadrupedel movement (which provides an arm and leg workout), and also refines coordination skills. The bridge innovatively includes several outspanning seating bays which allow for contemplation of the river and relaxation. The architectural design has received mixed reviews; many people see it as a work of art, while others consider it a monstrosity. This is likely due to its unconventional form; for instance, the bridge is entirely asymmetrical, and does not appear to follow any particular scheme with regards to placement of features. Between 2013 and 2022, a coffee cart was in operation. This cafe received a high level of through flow traffic . Gallery See also Through arch bridge Bridges over the Brisbane River References ^ a b c Spann, Craig (22 October 2001). "Goodwill flows as new bridge comes on stream". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 3. ^ "Goodwill Bridge - Visit Brisbane". Visit Brisbane. Retrieved 20 March 2018. ^ "Goodwill Bridge - Attraction - Queensland". Retrieved 20 March 2018. ^ "Goodwill Bridge". Retrieved 20 March 2018. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Goodwill Bridge, Brisbane - 269231 - EMPORIS". www.emporis.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2018. ^ a b c d Musgrave, Elizabeth (September 2002). "Goodwill overture". Architecture Australia. 91 (5): 66. ISSN 0003-8725. Retrieved 20 July 2011. ^ Jones, Chris (17 August 2001). "All systems stop for bridge span plan". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 1. ^ Parnell, Sean (18 August 2001). "Footbridge span continues sailing on troubled waters". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 6. ^ Wenham, Margaret (20 August 2001). "Final journey an unabridged success". The Courier-Mail (6 ed.). p. 1. ^ Parnell, Sean (21 August 2001). "Bridge in suspense waits for dawn". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 1. ^ a b Yallamas, Lisa (9 October 2001). "Footbridge stands firm in weight test". The Courier-Mail. p. 9. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goodwill Bridge. Goodwill Pedestrian Bridge at Structurae "More than just a pedestrian link" at Bridgeforum.org vteBridges over the Brisbane River (downstream to upstream) Sir Leo Hielscher (Gateway) Story Captain Cook Goodwill Neville Bonner Victoria Kurilpa William Jolly Merivale Go Between Eleanor Schonell Jack Pesch Albert Indooroopilly Railway Walter Taylor Centenary vteBrisbane landmarksGovernment City Hall Customs House Government House Lands Administration Building Newstead House Old Government House Parliament House South Brisbane Town Hall Treasury Building Arts and culture Brisbane Powerhouse Great Court, University of Queensland Museum of Brisbane Old Museum Building Queensland Art Gallery Queensland Gallery of Modern Art Queensland Maritime Museum Queensland Museum Queensland Performing Arts Centre Old Windmill Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium State Library Entertainment Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre Brisbane Exhibition Ground Brisbane Entertainment Centre Brisbane Festival Hall Brisbane Powerhouse Cloudland Queensland Performing Arts Centre Riverstage Queen's Wharf Treasury Casino Wheel of Brisbane Squares and plazas Anzac Square Courier Mail Piazza King George Square Post Office Square Queen Street Mall South Bank Gasworks Newstead Parkland Brisbane Forest Park City Botanic Gardens Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens New Farm Park Queens Gardens Roma Street Parkland South Bank Parklands Wickham Park Transport Airport Link Brisbane Airport Central station Clem Jones Tunnel Goodwill Bridge Legacy Way Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges Story Bridge Sports venues Ballymore Stadium Chandler Arena Chandler Aquatic Centre Doomben Racecourse Eagle Farm Racecourse Lakeside International Raceway Lang Park (Suncorp Stadium) Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre Queensland State Hockey Centre Queensland State Netball Centre Queensland Tennis Centre The Gabba Heritage Albert Bridge All Saints Anglican Church Brisbane Arcade Howard Smith Wharves The Mansions St John's Cathedral St Luke's Anglican Church St Stephen's Cathedral Pugin Chapel
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwillview1.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwillview2.jpg"},{"link_name":"pedestrian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian"},{"link_name":"cyclist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclist"},{"link_name":"bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge"},{"link_name":"Brisbane River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane_River"},{"link_name":"Brisbane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane"},{"link_name":"Queensland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"South Bank Parklands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands"},{"link_name":"South Brisbane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Brisbane,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Gardens Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_Point,_Brisbane"},{"link_name":"Brisbane CBD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane_CBD"},{"link_name":"Goodwill Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodwill_Games"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"inline skaters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline_skating"}],"text":"Goodwill BridgeBridge in Queensland, AustraliaView of the Lower North Bank from the Goodwill BridgeView of the South Bank from the Goodwill BridgeThe Goodwill Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist bridge which spans the Brisbane River in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The bridge connects the South Bank Parklands in South Brisbane to Gardens Point in the Brisbane CBD.The Goodwill Bridge was opened on 21 October 2001 and takes its name from the Goodwill Games, which were held in Brisbane that year.[2][3][4][5] The bridge does not carry any motorised traffic — it is shared by pedestrians, cyclists and inline skaters.","title":"Goodwill Bridge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brisbane River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane_River"}],"text":"Two main components of The Goodwill Bridge are the pavilion and the arch. The pavilion is located in the middle of the Brisbane River between the arch and the city approach. It is a fundamental component of the pedestrian and cycle bridge and supports one end of the arch. The arch is\n102 metres (335 feet) in length, 10 metres (33 feet) wide and 15 metres (49 feet) high and weighs 360 long tons (366 t; 403 short tons).","title":"Structure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Height: Clearance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_draft"},{"link_name":"Cox Rayner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Cox"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-overture-6"},{"link_name":"Ove Arup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ove_Arup"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-overture-6"},{"link_name":"John Holland Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Holland_Group"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-overture-6"},{"link_name":"Premier of Queensland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiers_of_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Peter Beattie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Beattie"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-opening-1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-overture-6"}],"sub_title":"Specifications","text":"Width: 6.50 metres (21.3 feet)\nHeight: Clearance for River Vessels 11.4 to 12.7 metres (37 to 42 feet) from high water level to the bridge deck (same height as Victoria and Captain Cook bridges)\nArch: 102 metres (335 feet) in length, 10 metres (33 feet) wide and 15 metres (49 feet) high\nBridge Deck: The bridge deck wearing surface is concrete with a broom finish to provide a safe foothold. It incorporates coloured concrete and applied finish bandings which signify areas where caution is required.\nSecurity: Six closed circuit TV cameras are spread across the bridge and are monitored from the South Bank Security Control Room.\nArchitects: Cox Rayner[6]\nDesign Engineer: Ove Arup and Partners[6]\nPrincipal Contractor: John Holland Group[6]\nSuperintendent: Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads\nOfficially Opened: The Premier of Queensland, The Honourable Peter Beattie, officially opened The Goodwill Bridge on 21 October 2001.[1]\nTotal length: 450 metres (1,480 feet)[6]\nBridge Foundations: The bridge's 45 foundation piles range in diameter from 500 to 1,500 millimetres (19.7 to 59.1 inches) and are reinforced with 350-grade steel and 60 cubic metres (78 cubic yards) of concrete.\nCentral Arch span: 102 metres (335 feet)","title":"Structure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hemmant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemmant,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Captain Cook Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Cook_Bridge,_Brisbane"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dawn-10"},{"link_name":"$","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_dollar"},{"link_name":"government funds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_funding"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-weighttest-11"},{"link_name":"Queen Elizabeth II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting"},{"link_name":"summit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit_meeting"},{"link_name":"Coolum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolum"},{"link_name":"Sunshine Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks"},{"link_name":"Queensland Premier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiers_of_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Peter Beattie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Beattie"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-opening-1"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-weighttest-11"}],"text":"The structure was built downstream at Hemmant and took three months to construct. On completion barges floated the arch upstream at low tide it was floated under the Captain Cook Bridge and then lifted as a single structure into its final resting position by two heavy lift towers.[7][8][9][10] Four strategically positioned platforms and the pavilion-viewing platform provide rest points for pedestrians and cyclists. With exception of cables, all materials utilised in the construction of the arch and the pavilions were sourced from local suppliers.Controversy arose during the construction of the bridge over its growing cost, and a subsequent budgetary blow-out which resulted in the use of $20.3 million in government funds.[11] The bridge was scheduled to be opened by Queen Elizabeth II during her visit for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting summit to be held in Brisbane, but after the postponement of that meeting and change of venue to Coolum on the Sunshine Coast in the wake of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, the bridge was instead opened by Queensland Premier, Peter Beattie.[1][11]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwilla_bridgey.jpg"},{"link_name":"South Bank Parklands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands"},{"link_name":"Queensland University of Technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology"},{"link_name":"Traceurs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traceurs"},{"link_name":"Quadrupedel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quadrupedel&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.facebook.com/pages/Cafe-on-the-Goodwill-Bridge/391806780915605"}],"text":"The Goodwill Bridge connects the South Bank Parklands to Gardens Point.Over 40,000 people walk or cycle across the bridge each week and it is clearly established as a major access point between South Bank and the city. Spanning the Brisbane River between the southern end of South Bank Parklands and the CBD via the Queensland University of Technology campus, the bridge provides a vital link for pedestrians and cyclists, especially since the closest train station to QUT is in South Bank.The bridge is also popular amongst those who like to maintain fitness, providing a link for a continuous run. Traceurs also use the bridge not only to cross, but in strength training as a distance to travel in the Quadrupedel movement (which provides an arm and leg workout), and also refines coordination skills.The bridge innovatively includes several outspanning seating bays which allow for contemplation of the river and relaxation.The architectural design has received mixed reviews; many people see it as a work of art, while others consider it a monstrosity. This is likely due to its unconventional form; for instance, the bridge is entirely asymmetrical, and does not appear to follow any particular scheme with regards to placement of features.Between 2013 and 2022, a coffee cart was in operation. This cafe received a high level of through flow traffic [1].","title":"Usage"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwill_Bridge_Goodwill_Bridge_IMG_6044_(3389510008).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwill_Bridge_The_Goodwill_Bridge_IMG_4617_(4274223609).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwill_Bridge_Goodwill_Bridge_IMG_4658_(4284657730).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwill_Bridge_IMG_9524_(4827774203).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goodwill_Bridge_Goodwill_bridge_IMG_9685_(4848697082).jpg"}],"title":"Gallery"}]
[{"image_text":"View of the Lower North Bank from the Goodwill Bridge","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Goodwillview1.jpg/200px-Goodwillview1.jpg"},{"image_text":"View of the South Bank from the Goodwill Bridge","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Goodwillview2.jpg/200px-Goodwillview2.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Goodwill Bridge connects the South Bank Parklands to Gardens Point.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Goodwilla_bridgey.jpg/181px-Goodwilla_bridgey.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Through arch bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_arch_bridge"},{"title":"Bridges over the Brisbane River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridges_over_the_Brisbane_River"}]
[{"reference":"Spann, Craig (22 October 2001). \"Goodwill flows as new bridge comes on stream\". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Mail","url_text":"The Courier-Mail"}]},{"reference":"\"Goodwill Bridge - Visit Brisbane\". Visit Brisbane. Retrieved 20 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/the-city/things-to-do/arts-and-entertainment/heritage-and-architecture/goodwill-bridge?sc_lang=en-au","url_text":"\"Goodwill Bridge - Visit Brisbane\""}]},{"reference":"\"Goodwill Bridge - Attraction - Queensland\". Retrieved 20 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.queensland.com/attraction/Goodwill-Bridge","url_text":"\"Goodwill Bridge - Attraction - Queensland\""}]},{"reference":"\"Goodwill Bridge\". Retrieved 20 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://ilovebrisbane.blogspot.com/2007/08/goodwill-bridge.html","url_text":"\"Goodwill Bridge\""}]},{"reference":"GmbH, Emporis. \"Goodwill Bridge, Brisbane - 269231 - EMPORIS\". www.emporis.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144954/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/269231/goodwill-bridge-brisbane-australia","url_text":"\"Goodwill Bridge, Brisbane - 269231 - EMPORIS\""},{"url":"http://www.emporis.com/buildings/269231/goodwill-bridge-brisbane-australia","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Musgrave, Elizabeth (September 2002). \"Goodwill overture\". Architecture Australia. 91 (5): 66. ISSN 0003-8725. Retrieved 20 July 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.architecturemedia.com/aa/aaissue.php?issueid=200209&article=12&typeon=2","url_text":"\"Goodwill overture\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-8725","url_text":"0003-8725"}]},{"reference":"Jones, Chris (17 August 2001). \"All systems stop for bridge span plan\". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Mail","url_text":"The Courier-Mail"}]},{"reference":"Parnell, Sean (18 August 2001). \"Footbridge span continues sailing on troubled waters\". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Mail","url_text":"The Courier-Mail"}]},{"reference":"Wenham, Margaret (20 August 2001). \"Final journey an unabridged success\". The Courier-Mail (6 ed.). p. 1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Mail","url_text":"The Courier-Mail"}]},{"reference":"Parnell, Sean (21 August 2001). \"Bridge in suspense waits for dawn\". The Courier-Mail (1 ed.). p. 1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Mail","url_text":"The Courier-Mail"}]},{"reference":"Yallamas, Lisa (9 October 2001). \"Footbridge stands firm in weight test\". The Courier-Mail. p. 9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Mail","url_text":"The Courier-Mail"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_College,_Kokrajhar
Commerce College, Kokrajhar
["1 Motto","2 Departments","3 Facilities","3.1 College Library and Reading Room","3.2 Canteen","3.3 Parking","3.4 Drinking Water","3.5 Auditorium","4 Reservation of seats","5 References"]
College in Assam, India Commerce College, KokrajharMottoDiscipline & KnowledgeTypeCollegeEstablished17 March 1985PrincipalDr Ratneswar DebnathLocationKokrajhar, Kokrajhar district, BTR, Assam, IndiaCampusUrbanAffiliationsBodoland UniversityWebsitecommercecollege.ac.in Commerce College, Kokrajhar is a college for commerce in Kokrajhar, established on 17 March 1985 through a resolution adopted in a public meeting held at Pragati Bhawan, Kokrajhar. Motto Dissemination of information and knowledge as a centre of excellence in higher education by imparting quality education and pursuing research studies. Departments The college have the following departments: Higher Secondary two-year course in Commerce & Arts under Assam Higher Secondary Education Council B.Com. (Three Year Degree Course in 1 +1 +1 Pattern) under Gauhati University. Short-term Professional Certificate & Diploma Courses. Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) - Three year degree course under Gauhati University. And in 2017 M.com have also been included in this institute .(1+1) Facilities College Library and Reading Room Students may borrow books from the library against the Library Cards. They may read various newspapers and journals in the reading room of the library. There is a book bank facility meant for the poor and needy students. Canteen The college canteen provides refreshments for the staff and students at a reasonable rate with moderate atmosphere. Parking There is a parking shed for vehicles and Bicycles in the College. Drinking Water Purified drinking water facility is available for all in the college. Auditorium The college has a well equipped auditorium with the sitting capacity of 500. Reservation of seats Reservation policy of the Government of India is strictly maintained during admission. Two seats each are reserved in various courses for students distinguishing in sports and culture. One seat each is reserved for applicants of the NCC and Scouts & Guides. References ^ "Commerce College, Kokrajhar, Assam - Careerindia - Careerindia". www.careerindia.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017. ^ "Commerce College, Kokrajhar". commercecollege.ac.in. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Stewart_Thomas_Bingham_Dixon,_2nd_Baron_Glentoran
Daniel Dixon, 2nd Baron Glentoran
["1 See also","2 References"]
The Rt Hon. Lord Glentoran, KBE Daniel Stewart Thomas Bingham Dixon, 2nd Baron Glentoran, KBE (19 January 1912 – 22 July 1995), was a Northern Irish soldier and politician. Glentoran was the son of Herbert Dixon, 1st Baron Glentoran. After being educated at Eton and Sandhurst he was appointed aide-de-camp to the GOC in Northern Ireland in 1935. He served with the Grenadier Guards in World War II, for which he was mentioned in dispatches. In 1950 he succeeded his father as Baron Glentoran, as well being elected in his place as Ulster Unionist member for Belfast Bloomfield in the Northern Ireland House of Commons (where peers could also hold a seat). Appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Finance in 1952, Lord Glentoran was the following year made Minister of Commerce, a post he held until elected to the Northern Ireland Senate in 1961. He was the Minister responsible for the destruction of much of the Great Northern Railway in Northern Ireland, when he unilaterally closed the Portadown – Armagh – Monaghan, Clones – Enniskillen -Belleek and Enniskillen – Omagh railway lines in 1957. Consequently, the privately owned Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway linking Enniskillen to Sligo was forced to close. He was then Minister in and Leader of the Senate for three years, becoming its last speaker in 1964. Lord Glentoran was said to have had such a "grand" demeanor that once, when visiting America, a Texas newspaper carried the headline "Irish royalty to visit Texas." Appointed Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1973, Lord Glentoran was also the Lord Lieutenant (and from 1950 to 1976 Lieutenant) for Belfast from 1976 to 1985. In 1933 he married Lady Diana Mary Wellesley (died 1984), daughter of the third Earl Cowley, by whom he had three children; the eldest is Olympic gold medal-winning bobsledder Robin Dixon. Lord Glentoran died in 1995 aged 83 and was succeeded to the Barony by his son Robin. Coat of arms of Daniel Dixon, 2nd Baron Glentoran Crest A demi-lion rampant Azure, charged on the shoulder with a cross patonce surrounded by a civic crown Or. Escutcheon Or on a chevron Vair three billets of the first on a chief crenellé Gules a tower proper between two fleurs-de-lis Or. Supporters Two war horses Argent unglued Or caparisoned Proper the shabraque Sable broidered of the second. Motto Fide Et Constantia (By Fidelity And Constancy) See also List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords References ^ Bradford, Roy (29 July 1995). "Obituary: Lord Glentoran". The Independent. Retrieved 13 March 2012. ^ Froggatt, Richard. "Daniel Stewart Thomas Bingham Dixon (1912–1995)". The Dictionary of Ulster Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2012. ^ Tremlett, Giles; Glover, Julian (8 September 2005). "How a bobsleighing Tory peer slid into trouble at a Spanish border post". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 February 2020. ^ Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage. 2000. Parliament of Northern Ireland Preceded byHerbert Dixon, 1st Baron Glentoran Member of Parliament for Belfast Bloomfield 1950–1961 Succeeded byWalter Scott Political offices Vacant Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Commerce and Production 1952–1953 Vacant Preceded byWilliam McCleery Minister of Commerce and Production 1953–1961 Succeeded byJack Andrews Preceded byAlexander Gordon Speaker of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1964–1973 Senate abolished Honorary titles Preceded bySir Thomas Dixon, Bt Lord Lieutenant of Belfast 1950–1985 Succeeded bySir Robin Kinahan Peerage of the United Kingdom Preceded byHerbert Dixon Baron Glentoran 1950–1995 Succeeded byRobin Dixon Baronetage of the United Kingdom Preceded byHerbert Dixon Baronet(of Ballymenock) 1950–1995 Succeeded byRobin Dixon Authority control databases: People Ireland UK Parliament
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Lord Glentoran, KBEDaniel Stewart Thomas Bingham Dixon, 2nd Baron Glentoran, KBE (19 January 1912 – 22 July 1995),[1][2] was a Northern Irish soldier and politician.Glentoran was the son of Herbert Dixon, 1st Baron Glentoran. After being educated at Eton and Sandhurst he was appointed aide-de-camp to the GOC in Northern Ireland in 1935. He served with the Grenadier Guards in World War II, for which he was mentioned in dispatches. In 1950 he succeeded his father as Baron Glentoran, as well being elected in his place as Ulster Unionist member for Belfast Bloomfield in the Northern Ireland House of Commons (where peers could also hold a seat).Appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Finance in 1952, Lord Glentoran was the following year made Minister of Commerce, a post he held until elected to the Northern Ireland Senate in 1961. He was the Minister responsible for the destruction of much of the Great Northern Railway in Northern Ireland, when he unilaterally closed the Portadown – Armagh – Monaghan, Clones – Enniskillen -Belleek and Enniskillen – Omagh railway lines in 1957. Consequently, the privately owned Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway linking Enniskillen to Sligo was forced to close. He was then Minister in and Leader of the Senate for three years, becoming its last speaker in 1964.Lord Glentoran was said to have had such a \"grand\" demeanor that once, when visiting America, a Texas newspaper carried the headline \"Irish royalty to visit Texas.\"[3]Appointed Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1973, Lord Glentoran was also the Lord Lieutenant (and from 1950 to 1976 Lieutenant) for Belfast from 1976 to 1985. In 1933 he married Lady Diana Mary Wellesley (died 1984), daughter of the third Earl Cowley, by whom he had three children; the eldest is Olympic gold medal-winning bobsledder Robin Dixon.Lord Glentoran died in 1995 aged 83 and was succeeded to the Barony by his son Robin.","title":"Daniel Dixon, 2nd Baron Glentoran"}]
[{"image_text":"The Rt Hon. Lord Glentoran, KBE","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/2ndGlentoran.jpg/200px-2ndGlentoran.jpg"}]
[{"title":"List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Northern_Ireland_Members_of_the_House_of_Lords"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Township,_New_Jersey
Elizabeth Township, New Jersey
["1 References"]
Coordinates: 40°40′16″N 74°12′40″W / 40.671°N 74.211°W / 40.671; -74.211Elizabeth Township, also called Elizabethtown, was a township that existed in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, from 1664 until 1855. The area was initially part of the Elizabethtown Tract, purchased from the Lenape on October 28, 1664. Elizabeth-Town Township was formed on October 31, 1693, while the area was still within Essex County. Elizabeth was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by the Township Act of 1798 Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. Portions of the township were taken to form Westfield Township (January 27, 1794), Springfield Township (April 14, 1794), Rahway Township (February 27, 1804) and Clinton Township (April 14, 1834). On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created, combining and replacing both Elizabeth Township and Elizabeth Borough. With the creation of the City of Elizabeth, Elizabeth Township was dissolved. References ^ a b c Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 238. Accessed November 3, 2012. 40°40′16″N 74°12′40″W / 40.671°N 74.211°W / 40.671; -74.211
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[]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibilities:_Essays_on_Hierarchy,_Rebellion,_and_Desire
David Graeber
["1 Early life and education","2 Academic career","2.1 Yale University (1998–2005)","2.2 \"Academic exile\" and London (2005–2020)","3 Scholarship","3.1 Debt: The First 5000 Years","3.2 Bureaucracy, managerialism, and \"bullshit jobs\"","4 Activism","4.1 Occupy movement","4.2 British politics","5 Influence and reception","6 Personal life","7 Death","8 Selected publications","9 References","10 Further reading","11 External links"]
American anthropologist and activist (1961–2020) David GraeberGraeber in 2015BornDavid Rolfe Graeber(1961-02-12)February 12, 1961New York City, U.S.DiedSeptember 2, 2020(2020-09-02) (aged 59)Venice, ItalyAlma materState University of New York at Purchase (BA)University of Chicago (MA, PhD)Known forFragments of an Anarchist Anthropology (2004)Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011)The Utopia of Rules (2015)Bullshit Jobs (2018)The Dawn of Everything (2021)Spouse Nika Dubrovsky ​(m. 2019)​AwardsBread and Roses AwardBateson Book PrizeScientific careerFieldsEconomic anthropologySocial anthropologyInstitutionsYale UniversityGoldsmiths, University of LondonLondon School of EconomicsThesisThe Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural MadagascarDoctoral advisorMarshall Sahlins David Graeber introducing himself recorded June 2018 Signature David Rolfe Graeber (/ˈɡreɪbər/; February 12, 1961 – September 2, 2020) was an American anthropologist and anarchist activist. His influential work in economic anthropology, particularly his books Debt: The First 5,000 Years (2011), Bullshit Jobs (2018), and The Dawn of Everything (2021), and his leading role in the Occupy movement, earned him recognition as one of the foremost anthropologists and left-wing thinkers of his time. Born in New York to a working-class Jewish family, Graeber studied at Purchase College and the University of Chicago, where he conducted ethnographic research in Madagascar under Marshall Sahlins and obtained his doctorate in 1996. He was an assistant professor at Yale University from 1998 to 2005, when the university controversially decided not to renew his contract before he was eligible for tenure. Unable to secure another position in the United States, he entered an "academic exile" in England, where he was a lecturer and reader at Goldsmiths' College from 2008 to 2013, and a professor at the London School of Economics from 2013. In his early scholarship, Graeber specialized in theories of value (Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value, 2002), social hierarchy and political power (Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology, 2004, Possibilities, 2007, On Kings, 2017), and the ethnography of Madagascar (Lost People, 2007). In the 2010s he turned to historical anthropology, producing his best-known book, Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011), an exploration of the historical relationship between debt and social institutions, as well as a series of essays on the origins of social inequality in prehistory. In parallel, he developed critiques of bureaucracy and managerialism in contemporary capitalism, published in The Utopia of Rules (2015) and Bullshit Jobs (2018). He coined the concept of bullshit jobs in a 2013 essay that explored the proliferation of "paid employment that is so completely pointless, unnecessary, or pernicious that even the employee cannot justify its existence". Although exposed to radical left politics from a young age, Graeber's direct involvement in activism began with the global justice movement of the 1990s. He attended protests against the 3rd Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in 2001 and the World Economic Forum in New York in 2002, and later wrote an ethnography of the movement, Direct Action (2009). In 2011, he became well known as one of the leading figures of Occupy Wall Street and is credited with coining the slogan "We are the 99%". His later activism included interventions in support of the Rojava revolution in Syria, the British Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn and Extinction Rebellion. David Graeber died unexpectedly in September 2020, while on vacation in Venice. His last book, The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity, co-written with archaeologist David Wengrow, was published posthumously in 2021. Early life and education Graeber's parents, who were in their forties when Graeber was born, were self-taught working-class Jewish intellectuals in New York. Graeber's mother, Ruth Rubinstein, had been a garment worker, and played the lead role in the 1930s musical comedy revue Pins & Needles, staged by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. Graeber's father, Kenneth, was affiliated with the Young Communist League in college, participated in the Spanish Revolution in Barcelona and fought in the Spanish Civil War. He later worked as a plate stripper on offset presses. Graeber grew up in Penn South, a union-sponsored housing cooperative in Chelsea, Manhattan, described by Business Week magazine as "suffused with radical politics." Graeber had his first experience of political activism at the age of seven, when he attended peace marches in New York's Central Park and Fire Island. He was an anarchist from the age of 16, according to an interview he gave to The Village Voice in 2005. Graeber graduated from Phillips Academy Andover in 1978 and received his B.A. from the State University of New York at Purchase in 1984. He received his master's degree and doctorate at the University of Chicago, where he won a Fulbright fellowship to conduct 20 months of ethnographic field research in Betafo, Madagascar, beginning in 1989. His resulting Ph.D. thesis on magic, slavery, and politics was supervised by Marshall Sahlins and entitled The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar. Academic career Yale University (1998–2005) In 1998, two years after completing his PhD, Graeber became assistant professor at Yale University, then associate professor. In May 2005, the Yale anthropology department decided not to renew Graeber's contract, preventing consideration for academic tenure, which was scheduled for 2008. Pointing to Graeber's anthropological scholarship, his supporters (including fellow anthropologists, former students and activists) said the decision was politically motivated. More than 4,500 people signed petitions supporting him, and anthropologists such as Marshall Sahlins, Laura Nader, Michael Taussig, and Maurice Bloch called on Yale to reverse its decision. Bloch, who had been a professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics and the Collège de France, and a writer on Madagascar, praised Graeber in a letter to the university. The Yale administration argued that Graeber's dismissal was in keeping with Yale's policy of granting tenure to few junior faculty. Graeber suggested that Yale's decision might have been influenced by his support of a student of his who was targeted for expulsion because of her membership in GESO, Yale's graduate student union. In December 2005, Graeber agreed to leave Yale after a one-year paid sabbatical. That spring he taught two final classes: "Introduction to Cultural Anthropology" (attended by more than 200 students) and a seminar, "Direct Action and Radical Social Theory". "Academic exile" and London (2005–2020) On May 25, 2006, Graeber was invited to give the Malinowski Lecture at the London School of Economics. Each year, the LSE anthropology department asks an anthropologist at a relatively early stage of their career to give the Malinowski Lecture, and only invites those considered to have made significant contributions to anthropological theory. Graeber's address was called "Beyond Power/Knowledge: an exploration of the relation of power, ignorance and stupidity". It was later edited into an essay, "Dead zones of the imagination: On violence, bureaucracy and interpretive labor". The same year, Graeber was asked to present the keynote address in the 100th anniversary Diamond Jubilee meetings of the Association of Social Anthropologists. In April 2011, he presented the anthropology department's annual Distinguished Lecture at Berkeley, and in May 2012 he delivered the second annual Marilyn Strathern Lecture at Cambridge (the first was delivered by Strathern). After his dismissal from Yale, Graeber was unable to secure another position at an American university. He applied for more than twenty, but despite a strong track record and letters of recommendation from several prominent anthropologists, never made it past the first round. At the same time, a number of foreign universities approached him with offers. In an article on his "academic exile" from the United States, The Chronicle of Higher Education interviewed several anthropology professors who agreed that Graeber's political activism could have played a role in his unsuccessful search, describing the field as "radical in the abstract" (in the words of Laura Nader) but intolerant of direct political action. Another factor suggested by the article was that Graeber had acquired a reputation as being personally difficult or "uncollegial", especially in light of allegations of poor conduct made by Yale during the dispute over his dismissal. Graeber himself interpreted his exclusion from American academia as a direct result of his dismissal from Yale, likening it to "black-balling in a social club", and arguing that the charge of "uncollegiality" glossed a variety of other personal qualities, from his political activism to his working-class background, that marked him as a trouble-maker within the academic hierarchy. Laura Nader, reflecting on Graeber's case amongst other examples of "academic silencing" in anthropology, speculated that the real reasons could have included Graeber's growing reputation as a public intellectual, and his tendency to "write in English" rather than jargon. From 2008 to 2013, Graeber was a lecturer and a reader at Goldsmiths College of the University of London. In 2013, he accepted a professorship at the London School of Economics. Graeber was a founding member of the Institute for Experimental Arts in Greece. He gave a lecture with the title "How social and economic structure influences the Art World" in the International MultiMedia Poetry Festival organized by the Institute for Experimental Arts supported by the Department of Anthropology of the London School of Economics and Political Science. Scholarship Graeber is the author of Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology and Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. He conducted extensive anthropological work in Madagascar, writing his doctoral thesis, The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar, on the continuing social division between the descendants of nobles and the descendants of former slaves. A book based on his dissertation, Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar, was published by Indiana University Press in September 2007. A book of collected essays, Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire was published by AK Press in November 2007, and Direct Action: An Ethnography appeared from the same press in August 2009. Moreover, the aforementioned publisher printed a collection of essays by Graeber – co-edited with Stevphen Shukaitis and Erika Biddle – called Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations/Collective Theorization (AK Press, May 2007). In December 2017, Graeber and his former teacher Marshall Sahlins released a collection of essays entitled On Kings, outlining a theory, inspired by A. M. Hocart, of the origins of human sovereignty in cosmological ritual. Graeber contributed essays on the Shilluk and Merina kingdoms, and a final essay that explored what he called "the constitutive war between king and people". He was working on a historical work on the origins of social inequality with David Wengrow, published posthumously as The Dawn of Everything. From January 2013 until June 2016, Graeber was a contributing editor at The Baffler magazine in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he, too, participated in the public debate about futures of technology. From 2011 until 2017 he was editor-at-large of the open access journal HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, for which he and Giovanni da Col co-wrote the founding theoretical statement and manifesto of the school of "ethnographic theory". Charles Kenny, writing in the political magazine Democracy, claimed that Graeber sought out data that "fit the narrative on the evils of neoliberalism" and challenged or criticized data which suggested otherwise. Debt: The First 5000 Years Main article: Debt: The First 5000 Years Graeber's first major historical monograph was Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011). Karl Schmid, writing in the Canadian Anthropology Society's journal Anthropologica, described Debt as an "unusual book" which "may be the most read public anthropology book of the 21st century" and noted that "it will be difficult for Graeber or anyone else to top this book for the attention it received due to excellent timing". Schmid compared Debt to Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel and James C. Scott's The Art of Not Being Governed for its "vast scope and implication". However, Schmid expressed minor frustrations with the sheer length of the book, and the fact that Graeber raises many claims and examples which he does not go on to develop in full. J. Bradford DeLong, an economic historian, criticized Debt on his blog, alleging mistakes in the book. Graeber responded that these errors had no influence on his argument, remarking that the "biggest actual mistake DeLong managed to detect in the 544 pages of Debt, despite years of flailing away, was (iirc) that I got the number of Presidential appointees on the Federal Open Market Committee board wrong". He dismissed his other criticisms as representing a divergence of interpretation, truncation of his arguments by DeLong, and mistakes in the copy editing of the book. Bureaucracy, managerialism, and "bullshit jobs" Much of Graeber's later scholarship focused on the topic of "bullshit jobs", proliferated by administrative bloat and what Graeber calls "managerial feudalism". One of the points he raised in his 2013 book The Democracy Project—on the Occupy movement—is the increase in what he calls bullshit jobs, referring to forms of employment that even those holding the jobs feel should not or do not need to exist. He sees such jobs as being typically "concentrated in professional, managerial, clerical, sales, and service workers". As he explained also in an article in STRIKE!: "Huge swathes of people, in Europe and North America in particular, spend their entire working lives performing tasks they secretly believe do not really need to be performed". Because of the article's popularity, Graeber then wrote the book Bullshit Jobs: A theory, published in 2018 by Simon & Schuster. Writing for The New Yorker, Nathan Heller described the resulting book as having "the virtue of being both clever and charismatic". Reviewing the book for The New York Times, Alana Semuels noted that although it could be criticized for generalizations about economics "Graeber's anthropological eye and skepticism about capitalism are useful in questioning some parts of the economy that the West has come to accept as normal." The Guardian gave a mixed review of Graeber's Bullshit Jobs, accusing him of having a "slightly condescending attitude" and attesting to the book's "laboured arguments", while referring to aspects of the book's thesis as "clearly right". Bullshit Jobs spent four weeks in the top 20 of the Los Angeles Times' bestseller list. The book was awarded "Book of the Year 2018" by each of the Financial Times, New Statesman, and City AM. Activism Graeber (left) at a rally for immigrant rights at Union Square, New York City in 2007 In addition to his academic work, Graeber was directly and indirectly involved in political activism. He was a member of the labor union Industrial Workers of the World, protested at the World Economic Forum in New York City in 2002, supported the 2010 UK student protests, and played an early role in the Occupy Wall Street movement. He was co-founder of the Anti-Capitalist Convergence. Graeber became a strong advocate of the democratic confederalism of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria after visiting the region in 2014, often drawing parallels between it and the Spanish Revolution his father fought for in the 1930s. On October 11, 2019, Graeber spoke at an Extinction Rebellion protest in Trafalgar Square about the relationship between "bullshit jobs" and environmental harm, suggesting that the environmental movement should recognize these jobs in combination with unnecessary construction or infrastructure projects and planned obsolescence as significant issues. Occupy movement In November 2011, Rolling Stone credited Graeber with giving the Occupy Wall Street movement its theme: "We are the 99 percent". Graeber wrote in The Democracy Project that the slogan "was a collective creation". Rolling Stone said he helped create the first New York City General Assembly, with only 60 participants, on August 2. He spent the next six weeks involved with the burgeoning movement, including facilitating general assemblies, attending working group meetings, and organizing legal and medical training and classes on nonviolent resistance. A few days after the encampment of Zuccotti Park began, he left New York for Austin, Texas. Graeber argued that the Occupy Wall Street movement's lack of recognition of the legitimacy of either existing political institutions or the legal structure, its embrace of non-hierarchical consensus decision-making and of prefigurative politics made it a fundamentally anarchist project. Comparing it to the Arab Spring, he claimed that Occupy Wall Street and other contemporary grassroots protests represented "the opening salvo in a wave of negotiations over the dissolution of the American Empire." Writing in Al Jazeera, he noted that from the beginning the Occupy movement was about a "commitment to answer only to a moral order, not a legal one" and so held meetings without the requisite permits. Defending this early decision of the Occupy movement, he said, "as the public, we should not need permission to occupy public space". Graeber tweeted in 2014 that he had been evicted from his family's home of over 50 years due to his involvement with Occupy Wall Street. He added that others associated with Occupy had received similar "administrative harassment". British politics In November 2019, along with other public figures, Graeber signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, calling him "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election. In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, he signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few." Graeber, who was Jewish, also defended Corbyn from accusations of antisemitism, saying that "What actually threatens Jews, the people who actually want to kill us, are Nazis", and that the allegations represented a "weaponization" of antisemitism for political purposes. Graeber advocated for a boycott of The Guardian newspaper by fellow left-wing authors after alleging that the paper published distortions against Corbyn for years. He denounced what he claimed was the weaponization of antisemitism for political purposes, and The Guardian's alleged role in undermining Corbyn in the 2019 election, which, according to Graeber, resulted in a landslide victory for Boris Johnson and the Conservatives. He asserted that The Guardian only publishes progressive authors in order to gain credibility with its readership, but its editorial policy is at odds with socialist politics. He was a vocal critic of the Labour centrists who attacked Corbyn, stating their disdain for socialist movements was due to their previously selling-out: "If those activists were not naive, if this man was not unelectable, the centrists' entire lives had been a lie. They hadn't really accepted reality at all. They really were just sellouts." Influence and reception Kate Burrell wrote, in the journal Sociology, that Graeber's work "promotes anarchist visions of social change, which are not quite believed possible by the Left, yet are lived out within social movements every day" and that his work "offers poetic insight into the daily realities of life as an activist, overtly promotes anarchism, and is a hopeful celebration of just what can be achieved by relatively small groups of committed individuals living their truth visibly." Hans Steinmüller, reviewing On Kings in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, described Graeber and his co-author Marshall Sahlins as "two of the most important anthropological thinkers of our time" and considered their contribution to represent a "benchmark" for the anthropological theory of kingship. As stated by Penguin Random House editor Tom Penn, "David was a true radical, a pioneer in everything that he did. David's inspirational work has changed and shaped the way people understand the world... In his books, his constant, questing curiosity, his wry, sharp-eyed provoking of received nostrums shine through. So too, above all, does his unique ability to imagine a better world, borne out of his own deep and abiding humanity. We are deeply honoured to be his publisher, and we will all miss him: his kindness, his warmth, his wisdom, his friendship. His loss is incalculable, but his legacy is immense. His work and his spirit will live on." Personal life After a relationship with anthropologist Lauren Leve, Graeber married artist Nika Dubrovsky in 2019. The two collaborated on a series of books, workshops, and conversations called Anthropology for Kids and on the Museum of Care, a shared space for communication and social interactions nourishing values of solidarity, care, and reciprocity. According to Graeber's website, "The main goal of the Museum of Care is to produce and maintain social relationships." The concept "museum of care" was coined by Graeber and Dubrovsky in their article "The Museum of Care: imagining the world after the pandemic", originally published in "Arts of the Working Class" in April 2020. In the article, Graeber and Dubrovsky imagine a post-pandemic future, where vast surfaces of office spaces and conservative institutions are turned into "free city universities, social centers and hotels for those in need of shelter". "We could call them 'Museums of Care' – precisely because they are spaces that do not celebrate production of any sort but rather provide the space and means for the creation of social relationships and the imagining of entirely new forms of social relations." Death Graeber died suddenly from necrotic pancreatitis on September 2, 2020, while on vacation with his wife and friends in Venice. Graeber died during the COVID-19 pandemic and instead of a funeral, his family organized an "Intergalactic Memorial Carnival" of livestreamed events that took place in October 2020. His wife, Nika, attributed the pancreatitis to COVID-19, pointing to his prior good health, strange symptoms they both had for months beforehand, and the connection scientists have found between COVID-19 and pancreatitis. Selected publications Main article: David Graeber bibliography Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York: Palgrave. 2001. ISBN 978-0-312-24044-8. Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press (distributed by University of Chicago Press). 2004. ISBN 978-0-9728196-4-0. Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-253-34910-1. Direct Action: An Ethnography. Edinburgh; Oakland: AK Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-904859-79-6. Debt: The First 5000 Years. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House. 2011. ISBN 978-1-933633-86-2. The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement. New York: Spiegel & Grau. 2013. ISBN 9780812993561. The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. Melville House. 2015. ISBN 978-1-61219-375-5. Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Penguin. 2018. ISBN 978-0241263884. The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2021. ISBN 978-0-374-15735-7. Pirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2022. ISBN 978-0-374-61020-3. References ^ Cain, Sian (September 3, 2020). "David Graeber, anthropologist and author of Bullshit Jobs, dies aged 59". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020. ^ a b Steinmüller, Hans (2019) Book review: on kings by David Graeber and Marshall Sahlins. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 25 (2). pp. 413–14. ^ Roos, Jerome (September 4, 2020). 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Retrieved September 4, 2020. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (September 21, 2014). "Still No Flying Cars? Debating Technology's Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 1, 2022. ^ Giovanni da Col; David Graeber (2011). "The return of ethnographic theory". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 1 (1). Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016. ^ "It's Not As Bad As All That". Democracy Journal. March 26, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019. ^ Habash, Gabe (December 2, 2011). "Melville House Finds Hit for the 99%". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011. ^ a b Schmid, Karl (January 1928). "Debt: The First 5,000 Years by David Graeber (review)". Anthropologica. University of Toronto Press. 56 (1): 244–246. ISSN 0003-5459. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.(registration required) ^ Schmid, K. (2014). Anthropologica, 56(1), 244–46. Retrieved September 4, 2020, JSTOR 24469657 ^ "The Very Last David Graeber Post..." Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2019. ^ "David Graeber April Fools' Day Post: Cheaply Manufacturing Extended Trollage via Sub-Turing Evocations: Threat or Menace? Weblogging". Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2019. ^ a b "Brad DeLong reply – David Graeber Industries". David Graeber Industries. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2019. ^ Yves Smith (August 13, 2013). "Has Anyone Noticed That Most New Jobs Suck?". Naked Capitalism. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2013. ^ Graeber, David (July 17, 2013). "On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs". STRIKE! Magazine. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019. ^ Heller, Nathan (June 7, 2018). "The Bullshit-Job Boom". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020. ^ Semuels, Alana (June 26, 2018). "Are More and More People Working Meaningless Jobs?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020. ^ Anthony, Andrew (May 27, 2018). "Bullshit Jobs: A Theory review – laboured rant about the world of work". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2019. ^ "Bestsellers". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020. ^ "Bullshit Jobs". Penguin Books. February 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020. ^ Rayner, Gordon; Roberts, Laura (November 12, 2010). "Student tuition fee protests: security guards were powerless to act, then riot ringleaders". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2011. ^ Fries, Jacob H. (January 28, 2002). "Anarchy Has an Image Problem; In the Face of New York Police, Taste for Conflict Wavers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2012. ^ "Why is the world ignoring the revolutionary Kurds in Syria? | David Graeber". the Guardian. October 8, 2014. ^ "An Everyday Anarchist: David Graeber, 1961–2020". Novara Media. ^ "David Graeber pushed us to imagine greater human possibilities | Rebecca Solnit". the Guardian. September 8, 2020. ^ "Writers Marathon by Writers Rebel | Theatre in London". Time Out London. October 10, 2019. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2019. ^ Graeber, David (May 7, 2019). Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Simon and Schuster. p. 18. ISBN 9781501143335. ^ Steullet, Alex (July 22, 2020). "Don't Judge People For Slacking Off―They May Just Have a Bullshit Job". Kintopia. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020. ^ Graeber, David (2013). The Democracy Project. Spiegel & Grau. p. 41. ISBN 978-0812993561. As a matter of historical record, since there is so much discussion of the origin of the slogan "We Are the 99 Percent," the answer is that—appropriately enough—it was a collective creation. ^ Sharlet, Jeff (November 10, 2011). "Inside Occupy Wall Street: How a bunch of anarchists and radicals with nothing but sleeping bags launched a nationwide movement". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011. ^ Graeber, David (November 30, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011. ^ Graeber, David (September 25, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street Protest". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on September 19, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2011. ^ "Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots". Al Jazeera. November 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2019. ^ Sutherland, Ali. "It's not what you know. It's not who you know, either. It's who knows what about you". Making Light. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2018. ^ Neale, Matthew (November 16, 2019). "Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more". NME. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019. ^ Gayle, Damien (December 3, 2019). "Vote for hope and a decent future". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019. ^ Gayle, Damien (December 3, 2019). "Coogan and Klein lead cultural figures backing Corbyn and Labour". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2019. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (September 7, 2020). "David Graeber, anarchist anthropologist who defended Corbyn, dies at 59". Cleveland Jewish News. ^ Graeber, David (December 13, 2019). "I will never write a word for the Guardian ever again - well, unless they have a complete change of management and editorial policy, which isn't going to happen" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter. ^ "Journalistic Representations of Jeremy Corbyn in the British Press". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved December 28, 2020. ^ "The Weaponisation of Labour Antisemitism | David Graeber". YouTube. Retrieved December 28, 2020. ^ Graeber, David (April 14, 2020). "For the first time in my life, I'm frightened to be Jewish". openDemocracy. Retrieved December 28, 2020. ^ Graeber, David (December 26, 2019). "as for the Guardian, we will never forget that during the "Labour #antisemitism controversy", they beat even the Daily Mail to include the largest percentage of false statements, pretty much every one, mysteriously, an accidental error to Labour's disadvantage" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter. ^ @zei_squirrel (September 4, 2020). "Thread of Graeber's criticisms on the Guardian" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter. ^ a b Graeber, David (January 13, 2020). "The Center Blows Itself Up: Care and Spite in the 'Brexit Election'". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved December 28, 2020. ^ Graeber, David (August 2, 2020). "we tried to warn you. But you knew what you were doing, didn't you, . @davidschneider et al? You pretended an anti-racist social democrat was an antisemite so that actual Nazis and White Nationalists could seize the reigns of power" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter. ^ Graeber, David (July 25, 2019). "future historians will see the post-2015 Guardian as a priceless resource. Day to day, it documents of how the UK's middle-aged professional managerial classes, having allied themselves entirely with finance capital, collectively lost their shit as young people embraced socialism" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter. ^ Burrell, K. (2014). Book Review: David Graeber, 'The Democracy Project: A History. A Crisis. A Movement'. Sociology, 48(5), 1066–167. doi:10.1177/0038038514543129 ^ "'Inspirational' activist author David Graeber dies". September 3, 2020. ^ Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). "David Graeber's Possible Worlds". Intelligencer. Retrieved November 19, 2021. ^ David Graeber (April 25, 2020). "I've never been married before. Even though the proper ceremony is later in London & Berlin, I have never been more moved that someone who actually knows me would want to be with me forever". Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020 – via Twitter. ^ "About Us – Anthropology For Kids". a4kids.org. January 28, 2017. ^ "About Museum of Care – Museum Of Care". Retrieved June 10, 2022. ^ Graeber, David and Nika Dubrovsky, "The Museum of Care: imagining the world after the pandemic", Arts Of The Working Class, April 2020 (Issue 11), pp. 45-46 ^ Graeber - Dubrovsky, David - Nika (2020), ""The Museum of Care: Imagining the world after the pandemic"", Arts Of The Working Class, no. 11, p. 45, retrieved June 10, 2022 ^ Noah, Timothy (December 26, 2020). "David Graeber: The Anarchist Anthropologist-Provocateur". Politico. ^ Matt Schudel (September 5, 2020). "David Graeber, scholar, anarchist and intellectual leader of Occupy Wall Street, dies at 59" (obituary). The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 8, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020. ^ "Memorial Carnival eng — David Graeber Industries". David Graeber Industries. ^ Nika Dubrovsky (October 16, 2020). "My opinion on David's cause of death". Anthropology for All. patreon.com. Retrieved September 5, 2021. Further reading Sartwell, Crispin (January 20, 2024). "What Happened to David Graeber?". Los Angeles Review of Books. Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). "David Graeber's Possible Worlds". New York Magazine: Intelligencer. Retrieved January 31, 2022. Guyer, Jane I. (December 2009). "On 'possibility': A response to 'How Is Anthropology Going?'". Anthropological Theory. 9 (4): 355–370. doi:10.1177/1463499609358143. S2CID 143899202. High, Holly; Reno, Joshua O., eds. (October 2023). As If Already Free: Anthropology and Activism After David Graeber. Pluto Press. hdl:20.500.12657/77038. ISBN 978-0-7453-4845-2. Knight, Chris (2021). Callan, Hilary; Coleman, Simon (eds.). "Graeber, David (1961-2020)". International Encyclopedia of Anthropology: 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2499. ISBN 9780470657225. S2CID 245404841. Retrieved January 31, 2022. Knight, Chris (June 2021). "Did communism make us human? On the anthropology of David Graeber". Brooklyn Rail. ISSN 2157-2151. Retrieved January 31, 2022. Sutton, David (September 2004). "Anthropology's Value(s): A Review of David Graeber's Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value". Anthropological Theory. 4 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1177/1463499604042818. S2CID 145691653. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to David Graeber. Wikimedia Commons has media related to David Graeber. Official website David Graeber on Twitter David Graeber at IMDb Appearances on C-SPAN Portals: Anarchism Economics Libertarianism Politics vteDavid GraeberBibliography Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value (2002) Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology (2004) Lost People (2007) Direct Action: An Ethnography (2009) Debt (2011) The Democracy Project (2013) The Utopia of Rules (2015) Bullshit Jobs (2018) The Dawn of Everything (2021) Pirate Enlightenment (2023) Related Bullshit job Critique of work vteCritique of workHistorical persons Abbie Hoffman Edward Bellamy Alfredo M. 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Radical cheerleading Radical environmentalism Squatting SymbolismHistory Paris Commune Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA Cantonal rebellion Hague Congress International Conference of Rome Trial of the Thirty Haymarket affair May Day Congress of Amsterdam Tragic Week High Treason Incident Manifesto of the Sixteen Individualist anarchism in the United States 1919 United States bombings Biennio Rosso German Revolution of 1918–1919 Bavarian Soviet Republic Kronstadt rebellion Makhnovshchina Amakasu Incident Escuela Moderna Individualist anarchism in Europe Spanish Revolution of 1936 Barcelona May Days Red inverted triangle Labadie Collection May 1968 Provo LIP Kate Sharpley Library Australian Anarchist Centenary Carnival Against Capital 1999 Seattle WTO protests Really Really Free Market Occupy movementPeople Armand Ba Bakunin Berkman Bonanno Bookchin Chomsky Cleyre Day Durruti Ellul Ervin Faure Ferrer Feyerabend Godwin Goldman González Prada Graeber Guillaume He-Yin Kanno Kōtoku Kropotkin Landauer Liu Magón Makhno Malatesta Michel Most Parsons Pi Pouget Proudhon Rocker Santillán Spooner Stirner Thoreau Tolstoy Tucker Volin Ward Warren ZerzanLists Anarcho-punk bands Books Communities Fictional characters Films Jewish anarchists Musicians PeriodicalsBy region Africa Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Finland France French Guiana Georgia Germany Greece Guatemala Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Malaysia Mexico Monaco Mongolia Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Romania Russia Serbia Singapore South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Uruguay Venezuela VietnamRelated topics Anti-corporatism Anti-consumerism Anti-fascism Anti-globalization Anti-statism Anti-war movement Autarchism Autonomism Communism Counter-economics Definition of anarchism and libertarianism Labour movement Left communism Left-libertarianism Libertarianism Libertarian Marxism Libertarian socialism Marxism Situationist International Socialism Spontaneous order Voluntaryism  Anarchism portal Category Outline Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National Norway Spain France BnF data Catalonia Germany Italy Israel United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Greece Korea Croatia Netherlands Poland Portugal Academics CiNii Scopus Artists MusicBrainz People Deutsche Biographie Other IdRef
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His influential work in economic anthropology, particularly his books Debt: The First 5,000 Years (2011), Bullshit Jobs (2018), and The Dawn of Everything (2021), and his leading role in the Occupy movement, earned him recognition as one of the foremost anthropologists and left-wing thinkers of his time.[1][2][3]Born in New York to a working-class Jewish family, Graeber studied at Purchase College and the University of Chicago, where he conducted ethnographic research in Madagascar under Marshall Sahlins and obtained his doctorate in 1996. He was an assistant professor at Yale University from 1998 to 2005, when the university controversially decided not to renew his contract before he was eligible for tenure. Unable to secure another position in the United States, he entered an \"academic exile\" in England, where he was a lecturer and reader at Goldsmiths' College from 2008 to 2013, and a professor at the London School of Economics from 2013.In his early scholarship, Graeber specialized in theories of value (Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value, 2002), social hierarchy and political power (Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology, 2004, Possibilities, 2007, On Kings, 2017), and the ethnography of Madagascar (Lost People, 2007). In the 2010s he turned to historical anthropology, producing his best-known book, Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011), an exploration of the historical relationship between debt and social institutions, as well as a series of essays on the origins of social inequality in prehistory. In parallel, he developed critiques of bureaucracy and managerialism in contemporary capitalism, published in The Utopia of Rules (2015) and Bullshit Jobs (2018). He coined the concept of bullshit jobs in a 2013 essay that explored the proliferation of \"paid employment that is so completely pointless, unnecessary, or pernicious that even the employee cannot justify its existence\".[4]Although exposed to radical left politics from a young age, Graeber's direct involvement in activism began with the global justice movement of the 1990s. He attended protests against the 3rd Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in 2001 and the World Economic Forum in New York in 2002, and later wrote an ethnography of the movement, Direct Action (2009). In 2011, he became well known as one of the leading figures of Occupy Wall Street and is credited with coining the slogan \"We are the 99%\". His later activism included interventions in support of the Rojava revolution in Syria, the British Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn and Extinction Rebellion.David Graeber died unexpectedly in September 2020, while on vacation in Venice. His last book, The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity, co-written with archaeologist David Wengrow, was published posthumously in 2021.[5]","title":"David Graeber"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jewish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-businessweek-7"},{"link_name":"Pins & Needles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pins_%26_Needles"},{"link_name":"International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ladies%27_Garment_Workers%27_Union"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-businessweek-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mother-8"},{"link_name":"Young Communist League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Communist_League_USA"},{"link_name":"Spanish Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936"},{"link_name":"Spanish Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-father-9"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-businessweek-7"},{"link_name":"Penn South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_South"},{"link_name":"housing cooperative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_cooperative"},{"link_name":"Chelsea, Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Business Week","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Week"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-businessweek-7"},{"link_name":"peace marches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_march"},{"link_name":"Central Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park"},{"link_name":"Fire Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_Island"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"The Village Voice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-vv-12"},{"link_name":"Phillips Academy Andover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Academy_Andover"},{"link_name":"State University of New York at Purchase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Purchase"},{"link_name":"University of Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago"},{"link_name":"Fulbright fellowship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulbright_Program"},{"link_name":"ethnographic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnography"},{"link_name":"field research","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_research"},{"link_name":"Betafo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betafo"},{"link_name":"Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Fischer-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Berrett-14"},{"link_name":"Marshall Sahlins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Sahlins"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arenson-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-YaleBio-16"}],"text":"Graeber's parents, who were in their forties when Graeber was born, were self-taught working-class Jewish[6] intellectuals in New York.[7] Graeber's mother, Ruth Rubinstein, had been a garment worker, and played the lead role in the 1930s musical comedy revue Pins & Needles, staged by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.[7][8] Graeber's father, Kenneth, was affiliated with the Young Communist League in college, participated in the Spanish Revolution in Barcelona and fought in the Spanish Civil War.[9] He later worked as a plate stripper on offset presses.[7] Graeber grew up in Penn South, a union-sponsored housing cooperative in Chelsea, Manhattan,[10] described by Business Week magazine as \"suffused with radical politics.\"[7]Graeber had his first experience of political activism at the age of seven, when he attended peace marches in New York's Central Park and Fire Island.[11] He was an anarchist from the age of 16, according to an interview he gave to The Village Voice in 2005.[12]Graeber graduated from Phillips Academy Andover in 1978 and received his B.A. from the State University of New York at Purchase in 1984. He received his master's degree and doctorate at the University of Chicago, where he won a Fulbright fellowship to conduct 20 months of ethnographic field research in Betafo, Madagascar, beginning in 1989.[13][14] His resulting Ph.D. thesis on magic, slavery, and politics was supervised by Marshall Sahlins and entitled The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar.[15][16]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Academic career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yale University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arenson-15"},{"link_name":"academic tenure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_tenure"},{"link_name":"Marshall Sahlins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Sahlins"},{"link_name":"Laura Nader","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Nader"},{"link_name":"Michael Taussig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Taussig"},{"link_name":"Maurice Bloch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bloch"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arenson-15"},{"link_name":"London School of Economics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_School_of_Economics"},{"link_name":"Collège de France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-blochletter-17"},{"link_name":"GESO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Employees_and_Students_Organization"},{"link_name":"graduate student union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_student_union"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arenson-15"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inside-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-silenced-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"Yale University (1998–2005)","text":"In 1998, two years after completing his PhD, Graeber became assistant professor at Yale University, then associate professor.[15] In May 2005, the Yale anthropology department decided not to renew Graeber's contract, preventing consideration for academic tenure, which was scheduled for 2008. Pointing to Graeber's anthropological scholarship, his supporters (including fellow anthropologists, former students and activists) said the decision was politically motivated. More than 4,500 people signed petitions supporting him, and anthropologists such as Marshall Sahlins, Laura Nader, Michael Taussig, and Maurice Bloch called on Yale to reverse its decision.[15] Bloch, who had been a professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics and the Collège de France, and a writer on Madagascar, praised Graeber in a letter to the university.[17]The Yale administration argued that Graeber's dismissal was in keeping with Yale's policy of granting tenure to few junior faculty. Graeber suggested that Yale's decision might have been influenced by his support of a student of his who was targeted for expulsion because of her membership in GESO, Yale's graduate student union.[15][18][19]In December 2005, Graeber agreed to leave Yale after a one-year paid sabbatical. That spring he taught two final classes: \"Introduction to Cultural Anthropology\" (attended by more than 200 students) and a seminar, \"Direct Action and Radical Social Theory\".[20]","title":"Academic career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Malinowski Lecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malinowski_Lecture"},{"link_name":"London School of Economics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_School_of_Economics"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-malinowski-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-deadzones-22"},{"link_name":"Association of Social Anthropologists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Social_Anthropologists"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-asa-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-berkeley-24"},{"link_name":"Marilyn Strathern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Strathern"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-27"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-28"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-26"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-28"},{"link_name":"The Chronicle of Higher Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Higher_Education"},{"link_name":"Laura Nader","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Nader"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-26"},{"link_name":"black-balling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackballing"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-28"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-27"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-26"},{"link_name":"Goldsmiths College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London"},{"link_name":"University of London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_London"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-26"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WNYC:_Occupying_Democracy-29"},{"link_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_School_of_Economics"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"}],"sub_title":"\"Academic exile\" and London (2005–2020)","text":"On May 25, 2006, Graeber was invited to give the Malinowski Lecture at the London School of Economics. Each year, the LSE anthropology department asks an anthropologist at a relatively early stage of their career to give the Malinowski Lecture, and only invites those considered to have made significant contributions to anthropological theory. Graeber's address was called \"Beyond Power/Knowledge: an exploration of the relation of power, ignorance and stupidity\".[21] It was later edited into an essay, \"Dead zones of the imagination: On violence, bureaucracy and interpretive labor\".[22] The same year, Graeber was asked to present the keynote address in the 100th anniversary Diamond Jubilee meetings of the Association of Social Anthropologists.[23] In April 2011, he presented the anthropology department's annual Distinguished Lecture at Berkeley,[24] and in May 2012 he delivered the second annual Marilyn Strathern Lecture at Cambridge (the first was delivered by Strathern).[25]After his dismissal from Yale, Graeber was unable to secure another position at an American university.[26][27] He applied for more than twenty, but despite a strong track record and letters of recommendation from several prominent anthropologists, never made it past the first round.[27][28] At the same time, a number of foreign universities approached him with offers.[26][28] In an article on his \"academic exile\" from the United States, The Chronicle of Higher Education interviewed several anthropology professors who agreed that Graeber's political activism could have played a role in his unsuccessful search, describing the field as \"radical in the abstract\" (in the words of Laura Nader) but intolerant of direct political action. Another factor suggested by the article was that Graeber had acquired a reputation as being personally difficult or \"uncollegial\", especially in light of allegations of poor conduct made by Yale during the dispute over his dismissal.[26] Graeber himself interpreted his exclusion from American academia as a direct result of his dismissal from Yale, likening it to \"black-balling in a social club\", and arguing that the charge of \"uncollegiality\" glossed a variety of other personal qualities, from his political activism to his working-class background, that marked him as a trouble-maker within the academic hierarchy.[28] Laura Nader, reflecting on Graeber's case amongst other examples of \"academic silencing\" in anthropology, speculated that the real reasons could have included Graeber's growing reputation as a public intellectual,[27] and his tendency to \"write in English\" rather than jargon.[26]From 2008 to 2013, Graeber was a lecturer and a reader at Goldsmiths College of the University of London. In 2013, he accepted a professorship at the London School of Economics.[26][29]Graeber was a founding member of the Institute for Experimental Arts in Greece. He gave a lecture with the title \"How social and economic structure influences the Art World\" in the International MultiMedia Poetry Festival organized by the Institute for Experimental Arts supported by the Department of Anthropology of the London School of Economics and Political Science.[30]","title":"Academic career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragments_of_an_Anarchist_Anthropology"},{"link_name":"Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toward_an_Anthropological_Theory_of_Value"},{"link_name":"Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_People"},{"link_name":"Indiana University Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Press"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibilities:_Essays_on_Hierarchy,_Rebellion,_and_Desire"},{"link_name":"AK Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Press"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Direct Action: An Ethnography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Action:_An_Ethnography"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"Marshall Sahlins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Sahlins"},{"link_name":"A. M. Hocart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Maurice_Hocart"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Shilluk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Merina kingdoms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merina_kingdom"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"social inequality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_inequality"},{"link_name":"David Wengrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wengrow"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"The Dawn of Everything","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dawn_of_Everything"},{"link_name":"The Baffler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Baffler"},{"link_name":"Cambridge, Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAU:_Journal_of_Ethnographic_Theory"},{"link_name":"Giovanni da Col","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_da_Col&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"Democracy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_(journal)"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"}],"text":"Graeber is the author of Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology and Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. He conducted extensive anthropological work in Madagascar, writing his doctoral thesis, The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar, on the continuing social division between the descendants of nobles and the descendants of former slaves.[31] A book based on his dissertation, Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar, was published by Indiana University Press in September 2007.[32] A book of collected essays, Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire was published by AK Press in November 2007,[33] and Direct Action: An Ethnography appeared from the same press in August 2009.[34] Moreover, the aforementioned publisher printed a collection of essays by Graeber – co-edited with Stevphen Shukaitis and Erika Biddle – called Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations/Collective Theorization (AK Press, May 2007).[35]In December 2017, Graeber and his former teacher Marshall Sahlins released a collection of essays entitled On Kings, outlining a theory, inspired by A. M. Hocart, of the origins of human sovereignty in cosmological ritual.[36] Graeber contributed essays on the Shilluk and Merina kingdoms, and a final essay that explored what he called \"the constitutive war between king and people\".[37] He was working on a historical work on the origins of social inequality with David Wengrow,[38] published posthumously as The Dawn of Everything.From January 2013 until June 2016, Graeber was a contributing editor at The Baffler magazine in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he, too, participated in the public debate about futures of technology.[39] From 2011 until 2017 he was editor-at-large of the open access journal HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, for which he and Giovanni da Col co-wrote the founding theoretical statement and manifesto of the school of \"ethnographic theory\".[40]Charles Kenny, writing in the political magazine Democracy, claimed that Graeber sought out data that \"fit the narrative on the evils of neoliberalism\" and challenged or criticized data which suggested otherwise.[41]","title":"Scholarship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Debt: The First 5000 Years","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt:_The_First_5000_Years"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-melville-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Schmid-43"},{"link_name":"Jared Diamond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Diamond"},{"link_name":"Guns, Germs, and Steel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel"},{"link_name":"James C. Scott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Scott"},{"link_name":"The Art of Not Being Governed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Not_Being_Governed"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Schmid-43"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"J. Bradford DeLong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Bradford_DeLong"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-47"},{"link_name":"copy editing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_editing"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-47"}],"sub_title":"Debt: The First 5000 Years","text":"Graeber's first major historical monograph was Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011).[42]Karl Schmid, writing in the Canadian Anthropology Society's journal Anthropologica, described Debt as an \"unusual book\" which \"may be the most read public anthropology book of the 21st century\" and noted that \"it will be difficult for Graeber or anyone else to top this book for the attention it received due to excellent timing\".[43] Schmid compared Debt to Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel and James C. Scott's The Art of Not Being Governed for its \"vast scope and implication\".[43] However, Schmid expressed minor frustrations with the sheer length of the book, and the fact that Graeber raises many claims and examples which he does not go on to develop in full.[44]J. Bradford DeLong, an economic historian, criticized Debt on his blog,[45][46] alleging mistakes in the book. Graeber responded that these errors had no influence on his argument, remarking that the \"biggest actual mistake DeLong managed to detect in the 544 pages of Debt, despite years of flailing away, was (iirc) that I got the number of Presidential appointees on the Federal Open Market Committee board wrong\".[47] He dismissed his other criticisms as representing a divergence of interpretation, truncation of his arguments by DeLong, and mistakes in the copy editing of the book.[47]","title":"Scholarship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"feudalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism"},{"link_name":"Occupy movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_movement"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"Bullshit Jobs: A theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullshit_Jobs"},{"link_name":"Simon & Schuster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster"},{"link_name":"The New Yorker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"Financial Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times"},{"link_name":"New Statesman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Statesman"},{"link_name":"City AM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_AM"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"}],"sub_title":"Bureaucracy, managerialism, and \"bullshit jobs\"","text":"Much of Graeber's later scholarship focused on the topic of \"bullshit jobs\", proliferated by administrative bloat and what Graeber calls \"managerial feudalism\". One of the points he raised in his 2013 book The Democracy Project—on the Occupy movement—is the increase in what he calls bullshit jobs, referring to forms of employment that even those holding the jobs feel should not or do not need to exist. He sees such jobs as being typically \"concentrated in professional, managerial, clerical, sales, and service workers\".[48] As he explained also in an article in STRIKE!: \"Huge swathes of people, in Europe and North America in particular, spend their entire working lives performing tasks they secretly believe do not really need to be performed\".[49]Because of the article's popularity, Graeber then wrote the book Bullshit Jobs: A theory, published in 2018 by Simon & Schuster. Writing for The New Yorker, Nathan Heller described the resulting book as having \"the virtue of being both clever and charismatic\".[50] Reviewing the book for The New York Times, Alana Semuels noted that although it could be criticized for generalizations about economics \"Graeber's anthropological eye and skepticism about capitalism are useful in questioning some parts of the economy that the West has come to accept as normal.\"[51] The Guardian gave a mixed review of Graeber's Bullshit Jobs, accusing him of having a \"slightly condescending attitude\" and attesting to the book's \"laboured arguments\", while referring to aspects of the book's thesis as \"clearly right\".[52] Bullshit Jobs spent four weeks in the top 20 of the Los Angeles Times' bestseller list.[53] The book was awarded \"Book of the Year 2018\" by each of the Financial Times, New Statesman, and City AM.[54]","title":"Scholarship"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NLN_David_Graeber.jpg"},{"link_name":"Union Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Square_(New_York_City)"},{"link_name":"Industrial Workers of the World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World"},{"link_name":"World Economic Forum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum"},{"link_name":"2010 UK student protests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_UK_student_protests"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-telegraph-55"},{"link_name":"Occupy Wall Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street"},{"link_name":"Anti-Capitalist Convergence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Capitalist_Convergence"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-imageproblem-56"},{"link_name":"democratic confederalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_confederalism"},{"link_name":"Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"Extinction Rebellion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_Rebellion"},{"link_name":"Trafalgar Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafalgar_Square"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"}],"text":"Graeber (left) at a rally for immigrant rights at Union Square, New York City in 2007In addition to his academic work, Graeber was directly and indirectly involved in political activism. He was a member of the labor union Industrial Workers of the World, protested at the World Economic Forum in New York City in 2002, supported the 2010 UK student protests,[55] and played an early role in the Occupy Wall Street movement. He was co-founder of the Anti-Capitalist Convergence.[56]Graeber became a strong advocate of the democratic confederalism of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria after visiting the region in 2014, often drawing parallels between it and the Spanish Revolution his father fought for in the 1930s.[57][58][59]On October 11, 2019, Graeber spoke at an Extinction Rebellion protest in Trafalgar Square[60] about the relationship between \"bullshit jobs\" and environmental harm, suggesting that the environmental movement should recognize these jobs in combination with unnecessary construction or infrastructure projects and planned obsolescence as significant issues.[61][62]","title":"Activism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rolling Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone"},{"link_name":"We are the 99 percent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_are_the_99_percent"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"New York City General Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_General_Assembly"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sharlet-64"},{"link_name":"nonviolent resistance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance"},{"link_name":"Zuccotti Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuccotti_Park"},{"link_name":"Austin, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-businessweek-7"},{"link_name":"consensus decision-making","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_decision-making"},{"link_name":"prefigurative politics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefigurative_politics"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aljazeera-65"},{"link_name":"Arab Spring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-occupyguardian-66"},{"link_name":"Al Jazeera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"his family's home","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_South"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"}],"sub_title":"Occupy movement","text":"In November 2011, Rolling Stone credited Graeber with giving the Occupy Wall Street movement its theme: \"We are the 99 percent\". Graeber wrote in The Democracy Project that the slogan \"was a collective creation\".[63] Rolling Stone said he helped create the first New York City General Assembly, with only 60 participants, on August 2.[64] He spent the next six weeks involved with the burgeoning movement, including facilitating general assemblies, attending working group meetings, and organizing legal and medical training and classes on nonviolent resistance. A few days after the encampment of Zuccotti Park began, he left New York for Austin, Texas.[7]Graeber argued that the Occupy Wall Street movement's lack of recognition of the legitimacy of either existing political institutions or the legal structure, its embrace of non-hierarchical consensus decision-making and of prefigurative politics made it a fundamentally anarchist project.[65] Comparing it to the Arab Spring, he claimed that Occupy Wall Street and other contemporary grassroots protests represented \"the opening salvo in a wave of negotiations over the dissolution of the American Empire.\"[66] Writing in Al Jazeera, he noted that from the beginning the Occupy movement was about a \"commitment to answer only to a moral order, not a legal one\" and so held meetings without the requisite permits. Defending this early decision of the Occupy movement, he said, \"as the public, we should not need permission to occupy public space\".[67]Graeber tweeted in 2014 that he had been evicted from his family's home of over 50 years due to his involvement with Occupy Wall Street. He added that others associated with Occupy had received similar \"administrative harassment\".[68]","title":"Activism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Corbyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn"},{"link_name":"2019 UK general election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nme-69"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-theguardian1-70"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-theguardian2-71"},{"link_name":"accusations of antisemitism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Labour_Party"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-6"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-74"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"},{"link_name":"Boris Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Conservatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-79"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-79"}],"sub_title":"British politics","text":"In November 2019, along with other public figures, Graeber signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, calling him \"a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world\" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election.[69] In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, he signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that \"Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few.\"[70][71] Graeber, who was Jewish, also defended Corbyn from accusations of antisemitism, saying that \"What actually threatens Jews, the people who actually want to kill us, are Nazis\", and that the allegations represented a \"weaponization\" of antisemitism for political purposes.[72][6]Graeber advocated for a boycott[73] of The Guardian newspaper by fellow left-wing authors after alleging that the paper published distortions against Corbyn for years.[74] He denounced what he claimed was the weaponization of antisemitism for political purposes,[75][76] and The Guardian's alleged role in undermining Corbyn in the 2019 election, which, according to Graeber, resulted in a landslide victory for Boris Johnson and the Conservatives.[77][78][79][80] He asserted that The Guardian only publishes progressive authors in order to gain credibility with its readership, but its editorial policy is at odds with socialist politics.[81] He was a vocal critic of the Labour centrists who attacked Corbyn, stating their disdain for socialist movements was due to their previously selling-out: \"If those activists were not naive, if this man was not unelectable, the centrists' entire lives had been a lie. They hadn't really accepted reality at all. They really were just sellouts.\"[79]","title":"Activism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sociology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_(journal)"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-82"},{"link_name":"Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Anthropological_Institute"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-2"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-83"}],"text":"Kate Burrell wrote, in the journal Sociology, that Graeber's work \"promotes anarchist visions of social change, which are not quite believed possible by the Left, yet are lived out within social movements every day\" and that his work \"offers poetic insight into the daily realities of life as an activist, overtly promotes anarchism, and is a hopeful celebration of just what can be achieved by relatively small groups of committed individuals living their truth visibly.\"[82]Hans Steinmüller, reviewing On Kings in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, described Graeber and his co-author Marshall Sahlins as \"two of the most important anthropological thinkers of our time\" and considered their contribution to represent a \"benchmark\" for the anthropological theory of kingship.[2]As stated by Penguin Random House editor Tom Penn, \"David was a true radical, a pioneer in everything that he did. David's inspirational work has changed and shaped the way people understand the world... In his books, his constant, questing curiosity, his wry, sharp-eyed provoking of received nostrums shine through. So too, above all, does his unique ability to imagine a better world, borne out of his own deep and abiding humanity. We are deeply honoured to be his publisher, and we will all miss him: his kindness, his warmth, his wisdom, his friendship. His loss is incalculable, but his legacy is immense. His work and his spirit will live on.\"[83]","title":"Influence and reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-84"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-85"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-86"},{"link_name":"Museum of Care","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_Care&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-87"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-88"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"}],"text":"After a relationship with anthropologist Lauren Leve,[84] Graeber married artist Nika Dubrovsky in 2019.[85] The two collaborated on a series of books, workshops, and conversations called Anthropology for Kids[86] and on the Museum of Care, a shared space for communication and social interactions nourishing values of solidarity, care, and reciprocity. According to Graeber's website, \"The main goal of the Museum of Care is to produce and maintain social relationships.\"[87] The concept \"museum of care\" was coined by Graeber and Dubrovsky in their article \"The Museum of Care: imagining the world after the pandemic\", originally published in \"Arts of the Working Class\" in April 2020.[88] In the article, Graeber and Dubrovsky imagine a post-pandemic future, where vast surfaces of office spaces and conservative institutions are turned into \"free city universities, social centers and hotels for those in need of shelter\". \"We could call them 'Museums of Care' – precisely because they are spaces that do not celebrate production of any sort but rather provide the space and means for the creation of social relationships and the imagining of entirely new forms of social relations.\"[89]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"necrotic pancreatitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_pancreatitis"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"},{"link_name":"Venice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-91"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"livestreamed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestreamed"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"}],"text":"Graeber died suddenly from necrotic pancreatitis[90] on September 2, 2020, while on vacation with his wife and friends in Venice.[91] Graeber died during the COVID-19 pandemic and instead of a funeral, his family organized an \"Intergalactic Memorial Carnival\" of livestreamed events that took place in October 2020.[92] His wife, Nika, attributed the pancreatitis to COVID-19, pointing to his prior good health, strange symptoms they both had for months beforehand, and the connection scientists have found between COVID-19 and pancreatitis.[93]","title":"Death"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toward_an_Anthropological_Theory_of_Value"},{"link_name":"Palgrave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-312-24044-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-24044-8"},{"link_name":"Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragments_of_an_Anarchist_Anthropology"},{"link_name":"University of Chicago Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-9728196-4-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9728196-4-0"},{"link_name":"Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_People:_Magic_and_the_Legacy_of_Slavery_in_Madagascar"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-253-34910-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34910-1"},{"link_name":"Direct Action: An Ethnography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Action:_An_Ethnography"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-904859-79-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-79-6"},{"link_name":"Debt: The First 5000 Years","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt:_The_First_5000_Years"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-933633-86-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933633-86-2"},{"link_name":"The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Democracy_Project:_A_History,_a_Crisis,_a_Movement"},{"link_name":"Spiegel & Grau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiegel_%26_Grau"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780812993561","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812993561"},{"link_name":"The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Utopia_of_Rules:_On_Technology,_Stupidity,_and_the_Secret_Joys_of_Bureaucracy"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-61219-375-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-375-5"},{"link_name":"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullshit_Jobs"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0241263884","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0241263884"},{"link_name":"The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dawn_of_Everything:_A_New_History_of_Humanity"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-374-15735-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15735-7"},{"link_name":"Pirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Enlightenment,_or_the_Real_Libertalia"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-374-61020-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-61020-3"}],"text":"Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York: Palgrave. 2001. ISBN 978-0-312-24044-8.\nFragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press (distributed by University of Chicago Press). 2004. ISBN 978-0-9728196-4-0.\nLost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-253-34910-1.\nDirect Action: An Ethnography. Edinburgh; Oakland: AK Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-904859-79-6.\nDebt: The First 5000 Years. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House. 2011. ISBN 978-1-933633-86-2.\nThe Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement. New York: Spiegel & Grau. 2013. ISBN 9780812993561.\nThe Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. Melville House. 2015. ISBN 978-1-61219-375-5.\nBullshit Jobs: A Theory. Penguin. 2018. ISBN 978-0241263884.\nThe Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2021. ISBN 978-0-374-15735-7.\nPirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2022. ISBN 978-0-374-61020-3.","title":"Selected publications"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"What Happened to David Graeber?\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//lareviewofbooks.org/article/what-happened-to-david-graeber/"},{"link_name":"\"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/11/david-graeber-dawn-of-everything.html"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1177/1463499609358143","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1177%2F1463499609358143"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"143899202","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143899202"},{"link_name":"hdl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"20.500.12657/77038","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//hdl.handle.net/20.500.12657%2F77038"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7453-4845-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-4845-2"},{"link_name":"\"Graeber, David (1961-2020)\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.researchgate.net/publication/357712883"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2499","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118924396.wbiea2499"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780470657225","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470657225"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"245404841","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245404841"},{"link_name":"\"Did communism make us human? On the anthropology of David Graeber\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//brooklynrail.org/2021/06/field-notes/Did-communism-make-us-human"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2157-2151","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/2157-2151"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1177/1463499604042818","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1177%2F1463499604042818"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"145691653","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145691653"}],"text":"Sartwell, Crispin (January 20, 2024). \"What Happened to David Graeber?\". Los Angeles Review of Books.\nFischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). \"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\". New York Magazine: Intelligencer. Retrieved January 31, 2022.\nGuyer, Jane I. (December 2009). \"On 'possibility': A response to 'How Is Anthropology Going?'\". Anthropological Theory. 9 (4): 355–370. doi:10.1177/1463499609358143. S2CID 143899202.\nHigh, Holly; Reno, Joshua O., eds. (October 2023). As If Already Free: Anthropology and Activism After David Graeber. Pluto Press. hdl:20.500.12657/77038. ISBN 978-0-7453-4845-2.\nKnight, Chris (2021). Callan, Hilary; Coleman, Simon (eds.). \"Graeber, David (1961-2020)\". International Encyclopedia of Anthropology: 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2499. ISBN 9780470657225. S2CID 245404841. Retrieved January 31, 2022.\nKnight, Chris (June 2021). \"Did communism make us human? On the anthropology of David Graeber\". Brooklyn Rail. ISSN 2157-2151. Retrieved January 31, 2022.\nSutton, David (September 2004). \"Anthropology's Value(s): A Review of David Graeber's Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value\". Anthropological Theory. 4 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1177/1463499604042818. S2CID 145691653.","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_text":"Graeber (left) at a rally for immigrant rights at Union Square, New York City in 2007","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NLN_David_Graeber.jpg/220px-NLN_David_Graeber.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York: Palgrave. 2001. ISBN 978-0-312-24044-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toward_an_Anthropological_Theory_of_Value","url_text":"Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan","url_text":"Palgrave"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-24044-8","url_text":"978-0-312-24044-8"}]},{"reference":"Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press (distributed by University of Chicago Press). 2004. ISBN 978-0-9728196-4-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragments_of_an_Anarchist_Anthropology","url_text":"Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press","url_text":"University of Chicago Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9728196-4-0","url_text":"978-0-9728196-4-0"}]},{"reference":"Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-253-34910-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_People:_Magic_and_the_Legacy_of_Slavery_in_Madagascar","url_text":"Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34910-1","url_text":"978-0-253-34910-1"}]},{"reference":"Direct Action: An Ethnography. Edinburgh; Oakland: AK Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-904859-79-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Action:_An_Ethnography","url_text":"Direct Action: An Ethnography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-79-6","url_text":"978-1-904859-79-6"}]},{"reference":"Debt: The First 5000 Years. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House. 2011. ISBN 978-1-933633-86-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt:_The_First_5000_Years","url_text":"Debt: The First 5000 Years"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933633-86-2","url_text":"978-1-933633-86-2"}]},{"reference":"The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement. New York: Spiegel & Grau. 2013. ISBN 9780812993561.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Democracy_Project:_A_History,_a_Crisis,_a_Movement","url_text":"The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiegel_%26_Grau","url_text":"Spiegel & Grau"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812993561","url_text":"9780812993561"}]},{"reference":"The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. Melville House. 2015. ISBN 978-1-61219-375-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Utopia_of_Rules:_On_Technology,_Stupidity,_and_the_Secret_Joys_of_Bureaucracy","url_text":"The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-375-5","url_text":"978-1-61219-375-5"}]},{"reference":"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Penguin. 2018. ISBN 978-0241263884.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullshit_Jobs","url_text":"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0241263884","url_text":"978-0241263884"}]},{"reference":"The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2021. ISBN 978-0-374-15735-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dawn_of_Everything:_A_New_History_of_Humanity","url_text":"The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15735-7","url_text":"978-0-374-15735-7"}]},{"reference":"Pirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2022. ISBN 978-0-374-61020-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Enlightenment,_or_the_Real_Libertalia","url_text":"Pirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-61020-3","url_text":"978-0-374-61020-3"}]},{"reference":"Cain, Sian (September 3, 2020). \"David Graeber, anthropologist and author of Bullshit Jobs, dies aged 59\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/03/david-graeber-anthropologist-and-author-of-bullshit-jobs-dies-aged-59","url_text":"\"David Graeber, anthropologist and author of Bullshit Jobs, dies aged 59\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200903155214/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/03/david-graeber-anthropologist-and-author-of-bullshit-jobs-dies-aged-59","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Roos, Jerome (September 4, 2020). \"The anarchist: How David Graeber became the left's most influential thinker\". New Statesman. Retrieved February 11, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/economy/2020/09/anarchist-how-david-graeber-became-lefts-most-influential-thinker","url_text":"\"The anarchist: How David Graeber became the left's most influential thinker\""}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (May 4, 2018). \"'I had to guard an empty room': the rise of the pointless job\". The Guardian. Retrieved February 11, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/money/2018/may/04/i-had-to-guard-an-empty-room-the-rise-of-the-pointless-job","url_text":"\"'I had to guard an empty room': the rise of the pointless job\""}]},{"reference":"\"David Graeber Memorial Lectures\". California Institute of Integral Studies. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210513123759/https://www.ciis.edu/academics/graduate-programs/anthropology-and-social-change/david-graeber-memorial-lectures","url_text":"\"David Graeber Memorial Lectures\""},{"url":"https://www.ciis.edu/academics/graduate-programs/anthropology-and-social-change/david-graeber-memorial-lectures","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bennett, Drake (October 26, 2011). \"David Graeber, the Anti-Leader of Occupy Wall Street: Meet the anthropologist, activist, and anarchist who helped transform a hapless rally into a global protest movement\". Business Week. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-27/anthropologist-graeber-turns-radical-side-loose-in-zuccotti-park","url_text":"\"David Graeber, the Anti-Leader of Occupy Wall Street: Meet the anthropologist, activist, and anarchist who helped transform a hapless rally into a global protest movement\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200822101012/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/21/books-interview-david-graeber-the-utopia-of-rules","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Paid Notice: Deaths: Graeber, Ruth R.\" The New York Times. April 20, 2006. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/20/classified/paid-notice-deaths-graeber-ruth-r.html","url_text":"\"Paid Notice: Deaths: Graeber, Ruth R.\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180729083115/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/20/classified/paid-notice-deaths-graeber-ruth-r.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Kenneth Graeber\". Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Spanish Civil War History and Education. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/kenneth-graeber","url_text":"\"Kenneth Graeber\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120107063238/http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/kenneth-graeber/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Roberts, Sam (September 4, 2020). \"David Graeber, Caustic Critic of Inequality, Is Dead at 59\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/books/david-graeber-dead.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber, Caustic Critic of Inequality, Is Dead at 59\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200907234627/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/books/david-graeber-dead.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Lateu, Jo (January 1, 2014). \"David Graeber on acting like an anarchist\". New Internationalist. No. January–February 2014. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://newint.org/columns/finally/2014/01/01/david-graeber","url_text":"\"David Graeber on acting like an anarchist\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200820133427/https://newint.org/columns/finally/2014/01/01/david-graeber","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Mamatas, Nick (May 31, 2005). \"Take It From the Top: Speaking with anarchist professor David Graeber, canned from Yale\". Village Voice. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110629033208/http://www.villagevoice.com/2005-05-31/people/take-it-from-the-top/","url_text":"\"Take It From the Top: Speaking with anarchist professor David Graeber, canned from Yale\""},{"url":"http://www.villagevoice.com/2005-05-31/people/take-it-from-the-top/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). \"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\". Intelligencer.","urls":[{"url":"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/11/david-graeber-dawn-of-everything.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\""}]},{"reference":"Berrett, Dan (October 16, 2011). \"Intellectual Roots of Wall St. Protest Lie in Academe\". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://chronicle.com/article/Intellectual-Roots-of-Wall/129428/","url_text":"\"Intellectual Roots of Wall St. Protest Lie in Academe\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092538/https://chronicle.com/article/Intellectual-Roots-of-Wall/129428/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Arenson, Karen W. (December 28, 2005). \"When Scholarship and Politics Collided at Yale\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/28/nyregion/28anarchist.html?pagewanted=all","url_text":"\"When Scholarship and Politics Collided at Yale\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120323170809/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/28/nyregion/28anarchist.html?pagewanted=all","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (2004). \"David Graeber\". Yale University Department of Anthropology. Yale University. Archived from the original on February 22, 2004.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20040222235548/http://www.yale.edu/anthropology/people/dgraeber.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber\""},{"url":"http://www.yale.edu/anthropology/people/dgraeber.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bloch, Maurice. \"Letter from Maurice Bloch, London School of Economics\". Solidarity with David Graeber. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091027163537/http://geocities.com/graebersolidarity/blochletter.html","url_text":"\"Letter from Maurice Bloch, London School of Economics\""},{"url":"http://geocities.com/graebersolidarity/blochletter.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Epstein, David (May 18, 2005). \"Early Exit\". Inside Higher Education. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/05/18/yale","url_text":"\"Early Exit\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Higher_Education","url_text":"Inside Higher Education"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120112174545/http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/05/18/yale","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Johansen, Bruce E (2007). Silenced!: academic freedom, scientific inquiry, and the First Amendment. New York: Praeger. pp. 110–112. ISBN 978-0-275-99686-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99686-4","url_text":"978-0-275-99686-4"}]},{"reference":"Marsden, Jessica (December 9, 2005). \"Graeber agrees to leave University\". Yale Daily News. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2005/12/09/graeber-agrees-to-leave-university/","url_text":"\"Graeber agrees to leave University\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170830013757/http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2005/12/09/graeber-agrees-to-leave-university/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (May 26, 2006). \"Beyond Power/Knowledge: an exploration of the relation of power, ignorance and stupidity\" (PDF). London School of Economics. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/LSEPublicLecturesAndEvents/pdf/20060525-Graeber.pdf","url_text":"\"Beyond Power/Knowledge: an exploration of the relation of power, ignorance and stupidity\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110724/http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/LSEPublicLecturesAndEvents/pdf/20060525-Graeber.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (December 19, 2012). \"Dead zones of the imagination: On violence, bureaucracy, and interpretive labor. The 2006 Malinowski Memorial Lecture\". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 2 (2): 105–128. doi:10.14318/hau2.2.007. S2CID 145007192. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.haujournal.org/index.php/hau/article/view/hau2.2.007","url_text":"\"Dead zones of the imagination: On violence, bureaucracy, and interpretive labor. The 2006 Malinowski Memorial Lecture\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.14318%2Fhau2.2.007","url_text":"10.14318/hau2.2.007"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145007192","url_text":"145007192"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140813230340/http://www.haujournal.org/index.php/hau/article/view/hau2.2.007","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David. \"There Never Was a West: Democracy as a form of interstitial cosmopolitanism\". Association of Social Anthropologists. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120112095445/http://www.theasa.org/conferences/asa06/panels/keynotegraeber.htm","url_text":"\"There Never Was a West: Democracy as a form of interstitial cosmopolitanism\""},{"url":"http://www.theasa.org/conferences/asa06/panels/keynotegraeber.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Anthropology Department Distinguished Lecture 2011: \"Utopias of Debt\"\". Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110724123755/http://anthropology.berkeley.edu/news/story.php?id=51","url_text":"\"Anthropology Department Distinguished Lecture 2011: \"Utopias of Debt\"\""},{"url":"http://anthropology.berkeley.edu/news/story.php?id=51","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Strathern Lecture\". Department of Social Anthropology. University of Cambridge. November 28, 2017. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.socanth.cam.ac.uk/about-us/the-strathern-lecture","url_text":"\"The Strathern Lecture\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200909120751/https://www.socanth.cam.ac.uk/about-us/the-strathern-lecture","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Shea, Christopher (April 15, 2013). \"A Radical Anthropologist Finds Himself in Academic 'Exile'\". Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on April 17, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://chronicle.com/article/A-Radical-Anthropologist-Finds/138499/","url_text":"\"A Radical Anthropologist Finds Himself in Academic 'Exile'\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130417105924/http://chronicle.com/article/A-Radical-Anthropologist-Finds/138499/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Nader, Laura (January 22, 2019). \"Unravelling the Politics of Silencing\". Public Anthropologist. 1 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1163/25891715-00101006. ISSN 2589-1707. S2CID 213081453. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://brill.com/view/journals/puan/1/1/article-p81_81.xml","url_text":"\"Unravelling the Politics of Silencing\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163%2F25891715-00101006","url_text":"10.1163/25891715-00101006"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2589-1707","url_text":"2589-1707"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213081453","url_text":"213081453"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200909120543/https://brill.com/view/journals/puan/1/1/article-p81_81.xml","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (January 22, 2019). \"It Wasn't a Tenure Case – a Personal Testimony, with Reflections\". Public Anthropologist. 1 (1): 96–104. doi:10.1163/25891715-00201009. ISSN 2589-1707. S2CID 214299282. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://brill.com/view/journals/puan/1/1/article-p96_96.xml","url_text":"\"It Wasn't a Tenure Case – a Personal Testimony, with Reflections\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163%2F25891715-00201009","url_text":"10.1163/25891715-00201009"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2589-1707","url_text":"2589-1707"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214299282","url_text":"214299282"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200909120543/https://brill.com/view/journals/puan/1/1/article-p81_81.xml","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Occupying Democracy\". The Brian Lehrer Show. WNYC. April 16, 2013. Archived from the original on July 11, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/bl/2013/apr/16/occupying-democracy/","url_text":"\"Occupying Democracy\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brian_Lehrer_Show","url_text":"The Brian Lehrer Show"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNYC","url_text":"WNYC"},{"url":"https://archive.today/20130711032237/http://www.wnyc.org/shows/bl/2013/apr/16/occupying-democracy/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (September 4, 2019). \"How social and economic structure influences the Art World\". Youtube. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCF-8OQj0RE","url_text":"\"How social and economic structure influences the Art World\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200926034955/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCF-8OQj0RE","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (1996). The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar. Vol. 3. University of Chicago, Department of Anthropology.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=BpulSwAACAAJ","url_text":"The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (2007). Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253219152. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=4NlSUM8OqUAC","url_text":"Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253219152","url_text":"9780253219152"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200926034940/https://books.google.com/books?id=4NlSUM8OqUAC","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (2007). Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion and Desire. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859666.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=NjRxSBP0JqYC","url_text":"Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion and Desire"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781904859666","url_text":"9781904859666"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (2009). Direct Action: An Ethnography. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859796. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=PnTDEQkCoc4C","url_text":"Direct Action: An Ethnography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781904859796","url_text":"9781904859796"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200926034941/https://books.google.com/books?id=PnTDEQkCoc4C","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Shukaitis, Stevphen; Graeber, David; Biddle, Erika, eds. (2007). Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations/Collective Theorization. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859352. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Fcl8T_gmU4wC","url_text":"Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations/Collective Theorization"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781904859352","url_text":"9781904859352"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200926034952/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fcl8T_gmU4wC","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Sahlins, Marshall; Graeber, David (2017). On Kings. Hau Books. ISBN 9780986132506.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Ef03jgEACAAJ","url_text":"On Kings"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780986132506","url_text":"9780986132506"}]},{"reference":"\"Front matter of On Kings\" (PDF). Hau Books. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://haubooks.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Kings_frontmatter.pdf","url_text":"\"Front matter of On Kings\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910073940/https://haubooks.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Kings_frontmatter.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David; Wengrow, David (March 2, 2018). \"How to change the course of human history\". Eurozine. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.eurozine.com/change-course-human-history/","url_text":"\"How to change the course of human history\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910074214/https://www.eurozine.com/change-course-human-history/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Schuessler, Jennifer (September 21, 2014). \"Still No Flying Cars? Debating Technology's Future\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 1, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/arts/peter-thiel-and-david-graeber-debate-technologys-future.html","url_text":"\"Still No Flying Cars? Debating Technology's Future\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"Giovanni da Col; David Graeber (2011). \"The return of ethnographic theory\". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 1 (1). Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.haujournal.org/index.php/hau/article/view/hau1.1.001/50","url_text":"\"The return of ethnographic theory\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160924110350/http://www.haujournal.org/index.php/hau/article/view/hau1.1.001/50","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"It's Not As Bad As All That\". Democracy Journal. March 26, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/48/its-not-as-bad-as-all-that/","url_text":"\"It's Not As Bad As All That\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190706194447/https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/48/its-not-as-bad-as-all-that/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Habash, Gabe (December 2, 2011). \"Melville House Finds Hit for the 99%\". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/49737-melville-house-finds-hit-for-the-99-.html","url_text":"\"Melville House Finds Hit for the 99%\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishers_Weekly","url_text":"Publishers Weekly"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111205232630/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/49737-melville-house-finds-hit-for-the-99-.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Schmid, Karl (January 1928). \"Debt: The First 5,000 Years by David Graeber (review)\". Anthropologica. University of Toronto Press. 56 (1): 244–246. ISSN 0003-5459. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/544759","url_text":"\"Debt: The First 5,000 Years by David Graeber (review)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-5459","url_text":"0003-5459"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200904002755/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/49737-melville-house-finds-hit-for-the-99.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"The Very Last David Graeber Post...\" Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bradford-delong.com/2013/01/the-very-last-david-graeber-post.html","url_text":"\"The Very Last David Graeber Post...\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200729032022/https://www.bradford-delong.com/2013/01/the-very-last-david-graeber-post.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"David Graeber April Fools' Day Post: Cheaply Manufacturing Extended Trollage via Sub-Turing Evocations: Threat or Menace? Weblogging\". Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bradford-delong.com/2013/04/david-graeber-april-fools-day-post.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber April Fools' Day Post: Cheaply Manufacturing Extended Trollage via Sub-Turing Evocations: Threat or Menace? Weblogging\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910080309/https://www.bradford-delong.com/2013/04/david-graeber-april-fools-day-post.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Brad DeLong reply – David Graeber Industries\". David Graeber Industries. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://davidgraeber.industries/sundries/brad-delong-reply","url_text":"\"Brad DeLong reply – David Graeber Industries\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910082206/https://davidgraeber.industries/sundries/brad-delong-reply","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Yves Smith (August 13, 2013). \"Has Anyone Noticed That Most New Jobs Suck?\". Naked Capitalism. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Smith","url_text":"Yves Smith"},{"url":"http://www.alternet.org/economy/dignity-and-work?paging=off","url_text":"\"Has Anyone Noticed That Most New Jobs Suck?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_Capitalism","url_text":"Naked Capitalism"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140318021519/http://www.alternet.org/economy/dignity-and-work?paging=off","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (July 17, 2013). \"On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs\". STRIKE! Magazine. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.strike.coop/bullshit-jobs/","url_text":"\"On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191211140746/http://www.strike.coop/bullshit-jobs","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Heller, Nathan (June 7, 2018). \"The Bullshit-Job Boom\". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-bullshit-job-boom","url_text":"\"The Bullshit-Job Boom\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910090059/https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-bullshit-job-boom","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Semuels, Alana (June 26, 2018). \"Are More and More People Working Meaningless Jobs?\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/books/review/david-graeber-bullshit-jobs.html","url_text":"\"Are More and More People Working Meaningless Jobs?\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910090130/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/books/review/david-graeber-bullshit-jobs.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Anthony, Andrew (May 27, 2018). \"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory review – laboured rant about the world of work\". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/may/27/bullshit-jobs-a-theory-david-graeber-review-laboured-rant","url_text":"\"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory review – laboured rant about the world of work\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712","url_text":"0029-7712"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910090306/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/may/27/bullshit-jobs-a-theory-david-graeber-review-laboured-rant","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Bestsellers\". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://projects.latimes.com/bestsellers/titles/bullshit-jobs/","url_text":"\"Bestsellers\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910090411/http://projects.latimes.com/bestsellers/titles/bullshit-jobs/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Bullshit Jobs\". Penguin Books. February 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/295/295446/bullshit-jobs/9780141983479.html","url_text":"\"Bullshit Jobs\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200910090447/https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/295/295446/bullshit-jobs/9780141983479.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Rayner, Gordon; Roberts, Laura (November 12, 2010). \"Student tuition fee protests: security guards were powerless to act, then riot ringleaders\". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/8127937/Student-tuition-fee-protests-security-guards-were-powerless-to-act-then-riot-ringleaders.html","url_text":"\"Student tuition fee protests: security guards were powerless to act, then riot ringleaders\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200911064254/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/8127937/Student-tuition-fee-protests-security-guards-were-powerless-to-act-then-riot-ringleaders.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Fries, Jacob H. (January 28, 2002). \"Anarchy Has an Image Problem; In the Face of New York Police, Taste for Conflict Wavers\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/28/nyregion/anarchy-has-image-problem-face-new-york-police-taste-for-conflict-wavers.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm","url_text":"\"Anarchy Has an Image Problem; In the Face of New York Police, Taste for Conflict Wavers\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120517022113/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/28/nyregion/anarchy-has-image-problem-face-new-york-police-taste-for-conflict-wavers.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Why is the world ignoring the revolutionary Kurds in Syria? | David Graeber\". the Guardian. October 8, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/08/why-world-ignoring-revolutionary-kurds-syria-isis","url_text":"\"Why is the world ignoring the revolutionary Kurds in Syria? | David Graeber\""}]},{"reference":"\"An Everyday Anarchist: David Graeber, 1961–2020\". Novara Media.","urls":[{"url":"https://novaramedia.com/2020/09/05/an-everyday-anarchist-david-graeber-1961-2020/","url_text":"\"An Everyday Anarchist: David Graeber, 1961–2020\""}]},{"reference":"\"David Graeber pushed us to imagine greater human possibilities | Rebecca Solnit\". the Guardian. September 8, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/david-graeber-pushed-us-to-imagine-greater-human-possibilities","url_text":"\"David Graeber pushed us to imagine greater human possibilities | Rebecca Solnit\""}]},{"reference":"\"Writers Marathon by Writers Rebel | Theatre in London\". Time Out London. October 10, 2019. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.timeout.com/london/theatre/writers-marathon-by-writers-rebel","url_text":"\"Writers Marathon by Writers Rebel | Theatre in London\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191012120735/https://www.timeout.com/london/theatre/writers-marathon-by-writers-rebel","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (May 7, 2019). Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Simon and Schuster. p. 18. ISBN 9781501143335.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=co2RDwAAQBAJ&q=The%20ruling%20class%20has%20figured%20out%20that%20a%20happy%20and%20productive%20population%20with%20free%20time%20on%20their%20hands%20is%20a%20mortal%20danger","url_text":"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501143335","url_text":"9781501143335"}]},{"reference":"Steullet, Alex (July 22, 2020). \"Don't Judge People For Slacking Off―They May Just Have a Bullshit Job\". Kintopia. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://kintopia.kintone.com/articles/005835.html","url_text":"\"Don't Judge People For Slacking Off―They May Just Have a Bullshit Job\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200926035010/https://kintopia.kintone.com/articles/005835.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (2013). The Democracy Project. Spiegel & Grau. p. 41. ISBN 978-0812993561. As a matter of historical record, since there is so much discussion of the origin of the slogan \"We Are the 99 Percent,\" the answer is that—appropriately enough—it was a collective creation.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812993561","url_text":"The Democracy Project"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiegel_%26_Grau","url_text":"Spiegel & Grau"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812993561/page/41","url_text":"41"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812993561","url_text":"978-0812993561"}]},{"reference":"Sharlet, Jeff (November 10, 2011). \"Inside Occupy Wall Street: How a bunch of anarchists and radicals with nothing but sleeping bags launched a nationwide movement\". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/occupy-wall-street-welcome-to-the-occupation-20111110","url_text":"\"Inside Occupy Wall Street: How a bunch of anarchists and radicals with nothing but sleeping bags launched a nationwide movement\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111205031650/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/occupy-wall-street-welcome-to-the-occupation-20111110","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (November 30, 2011). \"Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots\". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html","url_text":"\"Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English","url_text":"Al Jazeera"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111130052027/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (September 25, 2011). \"Occupy Wall Street Protest\". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on September 19, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/sep/25/occupy-wall-street-protest","url_text":"\"Occupy Wall Street Protest\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130919030422/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/sep/25/occupy-wall-street-protest","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots\". Al Jazeera. November 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html","url_text":"\"Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200911181620/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Sutherland, Ali. \"It's not what you know. It's not who you know, either. It's who knows what about you\". Making Light. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/015820.html","url_text":"\"It's not what you know. It's not who you know, either. It's who knows what about you\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200911181514/http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/015820.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Neale, Matthew (November 16, 2019). \"Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more\". NME. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nme.com/news/music/new-letter-supporting-jeremy-corbyn-2568734","url_text":"\"Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME","url_text":"NME"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191126184628/https://www.nme.com/news/music/new-letter-supporting-jeremy-corbyn-2568734","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gayle, Damien (December 3, 2019). \"Vote for hope and a decent future\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/vote-for-hope-and-a-decent-future","url_text":"\"Vote for hope and a decent future\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191203234134/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/vote-for-hope-and-a-decent-future","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gayle, Damien (December 3, 2019). \"Coogan and Klein lead cultural figures backing Corbyn and Labour\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/coogan-klein-lead-cultural-figures-backing-corbyn-labour","url_text":"\"Coogan and Klein lead cultural figures backing Corbyn and Labour\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200911180550/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/coogan-klein-lead-cultural-figures-backing-corbyn-labour","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Liphshiz, Cnaan (September 7, 2020). \"David Graeber, anarchist anthropologist who defended Corbyn, dies at 59\". Cleveland Jewish News.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/jta/david-graeber-anarchist-anthropologist-who-defended-corbyn-dies-at-59/article_79d4ff65-b53c-5d98-93e5-17810bcfb11a.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber, anarchist anthropologist who defended Corbyn, dies at 59\""}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David [@gavidgraeber] (December 13, 2019). \"I will never write a word for the Guardian ever again - well, unless they have a complete change of management and editorial policy, which isn't going to happen\" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/gavidgraeber/status/1205280813169942530","url_text":"\"I will never write a word for the Guardian ever again - well, unless they have a complete change of management and editorial policy, which isn't going to happen\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"\"Journalistic Representations of Jeremy Corbyn in the British Press\". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved December 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/research/research-projects/representations-of-jeremy-corbyn.aspx","url_text":"\"Journalistic Representations of Jeremy Corbyn in the British Press\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Weaponisation of Labour Antisemitism | David Graeber\". YouTube. Retrieved December 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6oOj7BzciA","url_text":"\"The Weaponisation of Labour Antisemitism | David Graeber\""}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (April 14, 2020). \"For the first time in my life, I'm frightened to be Jewish\". openDemocracy. Retrieved December 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/first-time-my-life-im-frightened-be-jewish/","url_text":"\"For the first time in my life, I'm frightened to be Jewish\""}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David [@davidgraeber] (December 26, 2019). \"as for the Guardian, we will never forget that during the \"Labour #antisemitism controversy\", they beat even the Daily Mail to include the largest percentage of false statements, pretty much every one, mysteriously, an accidental error to Labour's disadvantage\" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/davidgraeber/status/1210322505229094912","url_text":"\"as for the Guardian, we will never forget that during the \"Labour #antisemitism controversy\", they beat even the Daily Mail to include the largest percentage of false statements, pretty much every one, mysteriously, an accidental error to Labour's disadvantage\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"@zei_squirrel (September 4, 2020). \"Thread of Graeber's criticisms on the Guardian\" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/zei_squirrel/status/1301840301821243395","url_text":"\"Thread of Graeber's criticisms on the Guardian\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David (January 13, 2020). \"The Center Blows Itself Up: Care and Spite in the 'Brexit Election'\". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved December 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/01/13/the-center-blows-itself-up-care-and-spite-in-the-brexit-election/","url_text":"\"The Center Blows Itself Up: Care and Spite in the 'Brexit Election'\""}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David [@davidgraeber] (August 2, 2020). \"we tried to warn you. But you knew what you were doing, didn't you, . @davidschneider et al? You pretended an anti-racist social democrat was an antisemite so that actual Nazis and White Nationalists could seize the reigns of power\" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/davidgraeber/status/1289916166106841089","url_text":"\"we tried to warn you. But you knew what you were doing, didn't you, . @davidschneider et al? You pretended an anti-racist social democrat was an antisemite so that actual Nazis and White Nationalists could seize the reigns of power\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"Graeber, David [@davidgraeber] (July 25, 2019). \"future historians will see the post-2015 Guardian as a priceless resource. Day to day, it documents of how the UK's middle-aged professional managerial classes, having allied themselves entirely with finance capital, collectively lost their shit as young people embraced socialism\" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2020 – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/davidgraeber/status/1154379183197511680","url_text":"\"future historians will see the post-2015 Guardian as a priceless resource. Day to day, it documents of how the UK's middle-aged professional managerial classes, having allied themselves entirely with finance capital, collectively lost their shit as young people embraced socialism\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"\"'Inspirational' activist author David Graeber dies\". September 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2020/september/david-graeber-author-activist-dies.html","url_text":"\"'Inspirational' activist author David Graeber dies\""}]},{"reference":"Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). \"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\". Intelligencer. Retrieved November 19, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/11/david-graeber-dawn-of-everything.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\""}]},{"reference":"David Graeber (April 25, 2020). \"I've never been married before. Even though the proper ceremony is later in London & Berlin, I have never been more moved that someone who actually knows me would want to be with me forever\". Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020 – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/davidgraeber/status/1121332583630016512/","url_text":"\"I've never been married before. Even though the proper ceremony is later in London & Berlin, I have never been more moved that someone who actually knows me would want to be with me forever\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200903195209/https://twitter.com/davidgraeber/status/1121332583630016512","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"About Us – Anthropology For Kids\". a4kids.org. January 28, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://a4kids.org/about/","url_text":"\"About Us – Anthropology For Kids\""}]},{"reference":"\"About Museum of Care – Museum Of Care\". Retrieved June 10, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://museum.care/about-museum-of-care/","url_text":"\"About Museum of Care – Museum Of Care\""}]},{"reference":"Graeber - Dubrovsky, David - Nika (2020), \"\"The Museum of Care: Imagining the world after the pandemic\"\", Arts Of The Working Class, no. 11, p. 45, retrieved June 10, 2022","urls":[{"url":"https://www.academia.edu/42821625","url_text":"\"\"The Museum of Care: Imagining the world after the pandemic\"\""}]},{"reference":"Noah, Timothy (December 26, 2020). \"David Graeber: The Anarchist Anthropologist-Provocateur\". Politico.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/12/26/david-graeber-the-anarchist-provocateur-447090","url_text":"\"David Graeber: The Anarchist Anthropologist-Provocateur\""}]},{"reference":"Matt Schudel (September 5, 2020). \"David Graeber, scholar, anarchist and intellectual leader of Occupy Wall Street, dies at 59\" (obituary). The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 8, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/david-graeber-scholar-anarchist-and-intellectual-leader-of-occupy-wall-street-dies-at-59/2020/09/05/df66b16e-eeb9-11ea-99a1-71343d03bc29_story.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber, scholar, anarchist and intellectual leader of Occupy Wall Street, dies at 59\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post","url_text":"The Washington Post"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200908174029/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/david-graeber-scholar-anarchist-and-intellectual-leader-of-occupy-wall-street-dies-at-59/2020/09/05/df66b16e-eeb9-11ea-99a1-71343d03bc29_story.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Memorial Carnival eng — David Graeber Industries\". David Graeber Industries.","urls":[{"url":"https://davidgraeber.industries/memorial-carnival-eng","url_text":"\"Memorial Carnival eng — David Graeber Industries\""}]},{"reference":"Nika Dubrovsky (October 16, 2020). \"My opinion on David's cause of death\". Anthropology for All. patreon.com. Retrieved September 5, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.patreon.com/posts/my-opinion-on-of-42824424","url_text":"\"My opinion on David's cause of death\""}]},{"reference":"Sartwell, Crispin (January 20, 2024). \"What Happened to David Graeber?\". Los Angeles Review of Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/what-happened-to-david-graeber/","url_text":"\"What Happened to David Graeber?\""}]},{"reference":"Fischer, Molly (November 9, 2021). \"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\". New York Magazine: Intelligencer. Retrieved January 31, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/11/david-graeber-dawn-of-everything.html","url_text":"\"David Graeber's Possible Worlds\""}]},{"reference":"Guyer, Jane I. (December 2009). \"On 'possibility': A response to 'How Is Anthropology Going?'\". Anthropological Theory. 9 (4): 355–370. doi:10.1177/1463499609358143. S2CID 143899202.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1463499609358143","url_text":"10.1177/1463499609358143"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143899202","url_text":"143899202"}]},{"reference":"High, Holly; Reno, Joshua O., eds. (October 2023). As If Already Free: Anthropology and Activism After David Graeber. Pluto Press. hdl:20.500.12657/77038. ISBN 978-0-7453-4845-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12657%2F77038","url_text":"20.500.12657/77038"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-4845-2","url_text":"978-0-7453-4845-2"}]},{"reference":"Knight, Chris (2021). Callan, Hilary; Coleman, Simon (eds.). \"Graeber, David (1961-2020)\". International Encyclopedia of Anthropology: 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2499. ISBN 9780470657225. S2CID 245404841. Retrieved January 31, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357712883","url_text":"\"Graeber, David (1961-2020)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118924396.wbiea2499","url_text":"10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2499"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470657225","url_text":"9780470657225"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245404841","url_text":"245404841"}]},{"reference":"Knight, Chris (June 2021). \"Did communism make us human? On the anthropology of David Graeber\". Brooklyn Rail. ISSN 2157-2151. Retrieved January 31, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://brooklynrail.org/2021/06/field-notes/Did-communism-make-us-human","url_text":"\"Did communism make us human? 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_S._Foster_Jr.
John S. Foster Jr.
["1 Early life and education","2 Early career","3 Lawrence Livermore Laboratory","4 Department of Defense","5 Later career","6 Public positions","7 Honors and awards","8 References","9 External links"]
American physicist John S. Foster Jr.Foster Jr., c. 1966Under Secretary of Defense for Research and EngineeringIn officeOctober 1, 1965 – June 21, 1973PresidentLyndon B. JohnsonRichard NixonPreceded byHarold BrownSucceeded byMalcolm R. Currie Personal detailsBornJohn Stuart Foster Jr. (1922-09-18) September 18, 1922 (age 101)New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.EducationUniversity of California, Berkeley (PhD)OccupationPhysicist John Stuart Foster Jr. (born September 18, 1922) is an American physicist, best known as the fourth director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and as Director, Defense Research and Engineering under four Secretaries of Defense and two Presidents. Early life and education Foster was born September 18, 1922, in New Haven, Connecticut. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1948 from McGill University, where his father, Canadian physicist John S. Foster, Sr., was a faculty member. He received his doctorate in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1952, while serving as a staff member of the university's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. In 1979, he received an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Missouri. Early career During World War II, before he received his bachelor's degree, Foster began his career in the Radio Research Laboratory at Harvard University. He was an advisor to the 15th Air Force on radar and radar countermeasures in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in 1943 and 1944. In the summers of 1946 and 1947, he worked on the Canadian nuclear power project in Chalk River, Ontario. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory In 1952, Foster was recruited to Lawrence Livermore Laboratory by founder Edward Teller, and became a division leader in experimental physics. He was promoted to associate director in 1958, and director of the Livermore Laboratory and associate director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 1961, in which positions he served until 1965. Foster with Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, 1972 Department of Defense Foster was appointed director of defense research and engineering, a position then considered the number-three job in the Department of Defense, by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara in October 1965. He continued in this position until June 1973, serving under Presidents Johnson and Nixon, and under Secretaries of Defense McNamara, Clifford, Laird, and Richardson. Later career From 1973, Foster was vice president, science and technology of TRW, retiring in 1988. He continued to serve on the board of directors of TRW from 1988 to 1994. He is a Consultant to Northrop Grumman, Ninesigma, Wackenhut Services, Inc., and Defense Group, Inc. He is also chairman of the Board of Pilkington Aerospace, Inc., and Chairman of Technology Strategies and Alliances. From 1973 until 1990, he was a member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He was a long-serving member of the Defense Science Board, of which he served as chairman from January 1990 to June 1993. Foster turned 100 in September 2022. He continues to advise and mentor scientists at Livermore into the 2020s. Public positions Foster's public positions have consistently reflected his support of a robust U.S. nuclear stockpile. During the George W. Bush administration, Foster was a prominent advocate for a return to nuclear testing and for the design of a new generation of U.S. nuclear weapons. He chaired the "Panel to Assess the Reliability, Safety, and Security of the United States Nuclear Stockpile," created in 1998 by Republican Sen. Jon Kyl of Arizona, a longtime foe of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The panel, popularly known as the "Foster Panel", issued several reports advocating increased weapons spending. Foster was a prominent member of the commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack, established by the 2001 defense authorization act. The commission's report called for strong defensive measures across a wide range of industries and public services. Honors and awards Foster received the Founder's Award from the National Academy of Engineering in 1989, and the Enrico Fermi Award in 1992. Other awards include the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award of the Atomic Energy Commission (1960), the Defense Department's Distinguished Public Service Medals (1969, 1973, 1993), election to the National Academy of Engineering (1969), the James Forrestal Memorial Award (1969), the H.H. Arnold Trophy (1971), the Crowell Medal (1972), the WEMA Award (1973), and the Knight Commander's Cross (Badge and Star) of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1974). Foster is a commander, Legion of Honor, Republic of France. References ^ a b c d e California Council on Science and Technology, Senior Fellows: John S. Foster Jr. ^ Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, Oral Histories – John S. Foster Jr. Archived December 13, 2012, at archive.today ^ Bishop, Breanna; Chen, Allan (September 15, 2022). "Johnny Foster at 100". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Retrieved November 26, 2022. ^ "LF Announces Fellowship in honor of Dr. John S. Foster Jr., LLNL's Fourth Director". Livermore Lab Foundation. April 25, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2024. ^ a b Institute for Policy Studies, Profile: John Foster Jr. ^ John S. Foster Jr. and Keith B. Payne, "What Are Nuclear Weapons For?", American Physical Society Forum on Physics and Society, vol. 36, no. 4 (October 2007) ^ Stephen Schwartz, "The New-Nuke Chorus Tunes Up," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, July/August 2001 ^ Philipp C. Bleek, "Foster Panel Calls for Reducing Nuclear Test Preparation Time", Arms Control Today, April 2002 ^ William R. Graham et al., "Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack" (2004) External links Oral history interview transcript with John Foster on 7 August 1991, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Germany Israel United States People Deutsche Biographie Other NARA IdRef
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory"},{"link_name":"Director, Defense Research and Engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director,_Defense_Research_and_Engineering"}],"text":"John Stuart Foster Jr. (born September 18, 1922) is an American physicist, best known as the fourth director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and as Director, Defense Research and Engineering under four Secretaries of Defense and two Presidents.","title":"John S. Foster Jr."},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Haven, Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Bachelor of Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science"},{"link_name":"McGill University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University"},{"link_name":"John S. Foster, Sr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Foster"},{"link_name":"University of California, Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley"},{"link_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CCST-1"},{"link_name":"University of Missouri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Missouri"}],"text":"Foster was born September 18, 1922, in New Haven, Connecticut. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1948 from McGill University, where his father, Canadian physicist John S. Foster, Sr., was a faculty member. He received his doctorate in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1952, while serving as a staff member of the university's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.[1] In 1979, he received an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Missouri.","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Canadian nuclear power project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk_River_Laboratories"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CCST-1"}],"text":"During World War II, before he received his bachelor's degree, Foster began his career in the Radio Research Laboratory at Harvard University. He was an advisor to the 15th Air Force on radar and radar countermeasures in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in 1943 and 1944. In the summers of 1946 and 1947, he worked on the Canadian nuclear power project in Chalk River, Ontario.[1]","title":"Early career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edward Teller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Teller"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CCST-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FosterLaird600.jpg"}],"text":"In 1952, Foster was recruited to Lawrence Livermore Laboratory by founder Edward Teller, and became a division leader in experimental physics. He was promoted to associate director in 1958, and director of the Livermore Laboratory and associate director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 1961, in which positions he served until 1965.[1]Foster with Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, 1972","title":"Lawrence Livermore Laboratory"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Robert S. McNamara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._McNamara"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LBJ-2"}],"text":"Foster was appointed director of defense research and engineering, a position then considered the number-three job in the Department of Defense, by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara in October 1965. He continued in this position until June 1973, serving under Presidents Johnson and Nixon, and under Secretaries of Defense McNamara, Clifford, Laird, and Richardson.[2]","title":"Department of Defense"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"TRW","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRW_Inc."},{"link_name":"Northrop Grumman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Grumman"},{"link_name":"Wackenhut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wackenhut"},{"link_name":"President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%27s_Foreign_Intelligence_Advisory_Board"},{"link_name":"Defense Science Board","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Science_Board"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CCST-1"},{"link_name":"turned 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centenarian"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"From 1973, Foster was vice president, science and technology of TRW, retiring in 1988. He continued to serve on the board of directors of TRW from 1988 to 1994. He is a Consultant to Northrop Grumman, Ninesigma, Wackenhut Services, Inc., and Defense Group, Inc. He is also chairman of the Board of Pilkington Aerospace, Inc., and Chairman of Technology Strategies and Alliances.From 1973 until 1990, he was a member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He was a long-serving member of the Defense Science Board, of which he served as chairman from January 1990 to June 1993.[1]Foster turned 100 in September 2022. He continues to advise and mentor scientists at Livermore into the 2020s.[3][4]","title":"Later career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IPS-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Jon Kyl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Kyl"},{"link_name":"Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Test_Ban_Treaty"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IPS-5"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"EMP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Foster's public positions have consistently reflected his support of a robust U.S. nuclear stockpile.[5][6]During the George W. Bush administration, Foster was a prominent advocate for a return to nuclear testing and for the design of a new generation of U.S. nuclear weapons. He chaired the \"Panel to Assess the Reliability, Safety, and Security of the United States Nuclear Stockpile,\" created in 1998 by Republican Sen. Jon Kyl of Arizona, a longtime foe of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The panel, popularly known as the \"Foster Panel\", issued several reports advocating increased weapons spending.[5]\n[7][8]Foster was a prominent member of the commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack, established by the 2001 defense authorization act. The commission's report called for strong defensive measures across a wide range of industries and public services.[9]","title":"Public positions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Enrico Fermi Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Award"},{"link_name":"Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence_Award"},{"link_name":"National Academy of Engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering"},{"link_name":"Legion of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CCST-1"}],"text":"Foster received the Founder's Award from the National Academy of Engineering in 1989, and the Enrico Fermi Award in 1992. Other awards include the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award of the Atomic Energy Commission (1960), the Defense Department's\nDistinguished Public Service Medals (1969, 1973, 1993), election to the National Academy of Engineering (1969), the James Forrestal Memorial Award (1969), the H.H. Arnold Trophy (1971), the Crowell Medal (1972), the WEMA Award (1973), and the Knight Commander's Cross (Badge and Star) of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1974). Foster is a commander, Legion of Honor, Republic of France.[1]","title":"Honors and awards"}]
[{"image_text":"Foster with Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, 1972","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/FosterLaird600.jpg/220px-FosterLaird600.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Bishop, Breanna; Chen, Allan (September 15, 2022). \"Johnny Foster at 100\". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Retrieved November 26, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.llnl.gov/article/48996/johnny-foster-100","url_text":"\"Johnny Foster at 100\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory","url_text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"}]},{"reference":"\"LF Announces Fellowship in honor of Dr. John S. Foster Jr., LLNL's Fourth Director\". Livermore Lab Foundation. April 25, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://livermorelabfoundation.org/2023/04/25/john-s-foster-undergrad-fellowship/","url_text":"\"LF Announces Fellowship in honor of Dr. John S. Foster Jr., LLNL's Fourth Director\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory","url_text":"Livermore Lab Foundation"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zl%C3%BCce,_%C4%B0spir
Özlüce, İspir
["1 References"]
Village in Turkey Neighbourhood in İspir, Erzurum, TurkeyÖzlüceNeighbourhoodCountryTurkeyProvinceErzurumDistrictİspirPopulation (2022)76Time zoneTRT (UTC+3) Özlüce is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İspir, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 76 (2022). References ^ "Mahalli İdareler" (in Turkish). İspir Kaymakamlığı. Retrieved 30 August 2023. ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023. ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023. vteNeighbourhoods of İspir District Ahlatlı Akgüney Akpınar Akseki Aksu Aktaş Alacabük Araköy Ardıçlı Armutlu Aşağıfındıklı Aşağıözbağ Atürküten Avcıköy Bademli Bahçeli Başçeşme Başköy Başpınar Bostancı Bozan Çakmaklı Çamlıca Çamlıkaya Cankurtaran Çatakkaya Çayırbaşı Çayırözü Cibali Çiçekli Değirmendere Değirmenli Demirbilek Demirkaya Devedağı Duruköy Düzköy Elmalı Gaziler Geçitağzı Göçköy Gölyurt Gülhas Güllübağ Gündoğdu Güney Halilpaşa İkisu İncesu Irmakköy İyidere Karahan Karakale Karakamış Karakaya Karaseydi Karşıyaka Kavaklı Kaynakbaşı Kirazlı Kırık Kızılhasan Koçköy Köprüköy Kümetaş Leylekköy Madenköprübaşı Mescitli Meydanlı Moryayla Mülkköy Numanpaşa Ortaköy Ortaören Özlüce Öztoprak Petekli Pınarlı Sandıklı Şenköy Sırakonak Soğuksu Taşbaşı Taşlıca Tekpınar Tepecik Ulubel Ulutaş Üzümbağı Yağlı Yaylacık Yedigöl Yedigöze Yeşiltepe Yeşilyurt Yıldıztepe Yukarı Yukarıfındıklı Yukarıözbağ Yunusköy Zeyrek This geographical article about a location in İspir District, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"neighbourhood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahalle"},{"link_name":"İspir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spir"},{"link_name":"Erzurum Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzurum_Province"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Neighbourhood in İspir, Erzurum, TurkeyÖzlüce is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İspir, Erzurum Province in Turkey.[1][2] Its population is 76 (2022).[3]","title":"Özlüce, İspir"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Mahalli İdareler\" (in Turkish). İspir Kaymakamlığı. Retrieved 30 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ispir.gov.tr/mahalli-idareler","url_text":"\"Mahalli İdareler\""}]},{"reference":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports\" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en","url_text":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%9C%C4%B0K","url_text":"TÜİK"}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www.ispir.gov.tr/mahalli-idareler","external_links_name":"\"Mahalli İdareler\""},{"Link":"https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx","external_links_name":"Mahalle"},{"Link":"https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en","external_links_name":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zl%C3%BCce,_%C4%B0spir&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship
Tur, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
["1 History","2 References"]
Coordinates: 53°5′N 17°44′E / 53.083°N 17.733°E / 53.083; 17.733For other places with the same name, see Tur. Village in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, PolandTurVillageGlassworks in TurTurShow map of PolandTurShow map of Kuyavian-Pomeranian VoivodeshipCoordinates: 53°5′N 17°44′E / 53.083°N 17.733°E / 53.083; 17.733Country PolandVoivodeshipKuyavian-PomeranianCountyNakłoGminaSzubinFirst mentioned1337Population • Total1,040Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Vehicle registrationCNA Tur is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szubin, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Szubin, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Nakło nad Notecią, and 19 km (12 mi) west of Bydgoszcz. It is situated on the Noteć river. History Post office, military headquarters of the Stalag XXI-B POW camp under German occupation The oldest known mention of the village comes from 1337, when it was part of the Piast-ruled Kingdom of Poland. Tur was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Kcynia County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1940, the Germans expelled several Polish families from the village. Poles were mostly deported to the Kraków District of the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland, while their houses and farms were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. In December 1940, the Germans relocated the Stalag XXI-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied (mostly British) POWs from Szubin to Tur. In October 1941, the camp was dissolved and the POWs were relocated to the Stalag XXI-D in Poznań and its forced labour subcamps. References ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01. ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warsaw: Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences. 2017. p. 1b. ^ a b Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warsaw: IPN. p. 241. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4. ^ "POW Camps in Szubin (Schubin/Altburgund)". Polish-American Foundation for the Commemoration of POW Camps in Szubin. Retrieved 8 August 2021. ^ Daniluk, Jan; Winiecki, Mariusz (2020). Stalag XXI B/H Thure. Jeńcy wojenni w Turze w latach II wojny światowej (in Polish and English). Translated by Parsons, Alan. Szubin: Polsko-Amerykańska Fundacja Upamiętnienia Obozów Jenieckich w Szubinie. pp. 15, 49. ISBN 978-83-958269-0-0. ^ Daniluk; Winiecki, p. 22, 56 vteGmina SzubinTown and seat Szubin Villages Ameryczka Bielawy Brzózki Chobielin Chomętowo Chraplewo Ciężkowo Dąbrówka Słupska Drogosław Gąbin Głęboczek Godzimierz Grzeczna Panna Jeziorowo Kołaczkowo Koraczewko Kornelin Kowalewo Królikowo Łachowo Mąkoszyn Małe Rudy Nadjezierze Nadkanale Niedźwiady Olek Pińsko Podlaski Retkowo Rynarzewo Rzemieniewice Samoklęski Duże Samoklęski Małe Skórzewo Słonawy Słupy Smarzykowo Smolniki Stanisławka Stary Jarużyn Suchy Pies Szaradowo Szkocja Szubin-Wieś Trzciniec Tur Wąsosz Wojsławiec Wolwark Wrzosy Wymysłowo Zalesie Zamość Zazdrość Żędowo Zielonowo Żurczyn
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"[tur]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish"},{"link_name":"Gmina Szubin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina_Szubin"},{"link_name":"Nakło County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nak%C5%82o_County"},{"link_name":"Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TERYT-1"},{"link_name":"Szubin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szubin"},{"link_name":"Nakło nad Notecią","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nak%C5%82o_nad_Noteci%C4%85"},{"link_name":"Bydgoszcz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bydgoszcz"},{"link_name":"Noteć","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Note%C4%87"}],"text":"For other places with the same name, see Tur.Village in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, PolandTur [tur] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szubin, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Szubin, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Nakło nad Notecią, and 19 km (12 mi) west of Bydgoszcz. It is situated on the Noteć river.","title":"Tur, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tur_poczta_przy_ul.Bydgoskiej.jpg"},{"link_name":"Piast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piast_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)"},{"link_name":"Polish nobility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta"},{"link_name":"Kalisz Voivodeship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisz_Voivodeship_(1314%E2%80%931793)"},{"link_name":"Greater Poland Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Poland_Province,_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"German occupation of Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"expelled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_of_Poles_by_Nazi_Germany"},{"link_name":"Polish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_people"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mw-3"},{"link_name":"Kraków District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_District"},{"link_name":"General Government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Government"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans"},{"link_name":"Lebensraum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebensraum"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mw-3"},{"link_name":"prisoner-of-war camp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Allied","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Stalag XXI-D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalag_XXI-D"},{"link_name":"Poznań","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozna%C5%84"},{"link_name":"forced labour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Post office, military headquarters of the Stalag XXI-B POW camp under German occupationThe oldest known mention of the village comes from 1337, when it was part of the Piast-ruled Kingdom of Poland. Tur was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Kcynia County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.[2]During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1940, the Germans expelled several Polish families from the village.[3] Poles were mostly deported to the Kraków District of the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland, while their houses and farms were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[3] In December 1940, the Germans relocated the Stalag XXI-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied (mostly British) POWs from Szubin to Tur.[4][5] In October 1941, the camp was dissolved and the POWs were relocated to the Stalag XXI-D in Poznań and its forced labour subcamps.[6]","title":"History"}]
[{"image_text":"Post office, military headquarters of the Stalag XXI-B POW camp under German occupation","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tur_poczta_przy_ul.Bydgoskiej.jpg/220px-Tur_poczta_przy_ul.Bydgoskiej.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa","url_text":"\"Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\""}]},{"reference":"Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warsaw: Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences. 2017. p. 1b.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences","url_text":"Polish Academy of Sciences"}]},{"reference":"Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warsaw: IPN. p. 241. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance","url_text":"IPN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-8098-174-4","url_text":"978-83-8098-174-4"}]},{"reference":"\"POW Camps in Szubin (Schubin/Altburgund)\". Polish-American Foundation for the Commemoration of POW Camps in Szubin. Retrieved 8 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://szubinpowcamps.org/en/history/pow-camps","url_text":"\"POW Camps in Szubin (Schubin/Altburgund)\""}]},{"reference":"Daniluk, Jan; Winiecki, Mariusz (2020). Stalag XXI B/H Thure. Jeńcy wojenni w Turze w latach II wojny światowej (in Polish and English). Translated by Parsons, Alan. Szubin: Polsko-Amerykańska Fundacja Upamiętnienia Obozów Jenieckich w Szubinie. pp. 15, 49. ISBN 978-83-958269-0-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-958269-0-0","url_text":"978-83-958269-0-0"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_Elder_County,_Utah
Box Elder County, Utah
["1 History","2 Geography","2.1 Major highways","2.2 Adjacent counties","2.3 National protected areas","3 Demographics","3.1 2000 census","3.2 2010 census","3.3 2015","4 Education","4.1 Elementary","4.2 Intermediate","4.3 Middle","4.4 High","4.5 Speciality schools","5 Politics and government","6 Communities","6.1 Cities","6.2 Towns","6.3 Census designated places","6.4 Unincorporated communities","6.5 Ghost towns","7 See also","8 References","9 External links"]
Coordinates: 41°31′N 113°06′W / 41.51°N 113.10°W / 41.51; -113.10County in Utah, United States County in UtahBox Elder CountyCountyBox Elder County Courthouse, January 2010Location within the U.S. state of UtahUtah's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 41°31′N 113°06′W / 41.51°N 113.10°W / 41.51; -113.10Country United StatesState UtahFoundedJanuary 5, 1856Named forBox elder treeSeatBrigham CityLargest cityBrigham CityArea • Total6,729 sq mi (17,430 km2) • Land5,746 sq mi (14,880 km2) • Water934 sq mi (2,420 km2)  15%Population (2020) • Total57,666 • Density8.6/sq mi (3.3/km2)Time zoneUTC−7 (Mountain) • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)Congressional district1stWebsitewww.boxeldercounty.org Box Elder County is a county at the northwestern corner of Utah, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 57,666, up from the 2010 figure of 49,975. Its county seat and largest city is Brigham City. The county was named for the box elder trees that abound in the county. Box Elder County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem, UT Combined Statistical Area. Box Elder County. History Corinne. Staff of the Daily Reporter. Box Elder County, Utah., 1869 - 1878 Box Elder County float, 1912 Box Elder County (details) The county was created by the Utah Territory legislature on January 5, 1856, with the territory partitioned from Weber County. Its boundaries were altered in 1862 by adjustments between counties and in 1866 when all its area in the now-existent state of Nevada (which had gained territorial status in 1861 and statehood in 1864) was formally partitioned. The county boundaries were finally altered in 1880 by adjustments between Salt Lake and Weber counties. Its boundary has remained unchanged since 1880. The California Trail followed Goose Creek from a point just north of the Idaho/Utah border southwest across northwestern Box Elder County to Little Goose Creek in northeastern Elko County, Nevada. The link-up of the first transcontinental railroad occurred at Promontory Summit, Utah in 1869. The Spiral Jetty, an earthwork sculpture by Robert Smithson, was built on the north shore of the Great Salt Lake in Box Elder County in 1970. On November 19, 2005, sculptor Zaq Landsberg declared his plot to be independent from the US, creating the Republic of Zaqistan. Geography Box Elder County lies at the northwest corner of Utah. Its west border abuts the east border of the state of Nevada and its north border abuts the south border of the state of Idaho. Its territory includes large tracts of barren desert, contrasted by high, forested mountains. The Wasatch Front lies along the south-eastern border, where the main cities are found. The terrain generally slopes to the south (toward the Great Salt Lake), although the NW corner of the county slopes to the north, allowing runoff from that area to flow to the Snake River drainage. The county's highest point is a mountain ridge near the NW corner, at 9,180 ft (2,800 m) ASL. The county has a total area of 6,729 square miles (17,430 km2), of which 5,746 square miles (14,880 km2) is land and 984 square miles (2,550 km2) (15%) is water. It is the fourth-largest county in Utah by area. In the east lie the Wellsville Mountains, a branch of the Wasatch Range. In the west is a large, mostly uninhabited desert area. The Great Salt Lake lies in the southeastern corner of the county. The combined Interstate 15/Interstate 84 runs northward in the eastern part of the county. The two routes diverge at Tremonton, with I-84 heading northwest past Snowville into central and western Idaho and I-15 heading north past Plymouth and Portage into eastern Idaho. Major highways I-15 I-15 BL I-84 I-84 BL US 89 US 91 SR-13 SR-30 SR-38 SR-42 SR-82 SR-83 SR-102 Adjacent counties Cache County - northeast Weber County - east Davis County - southeast (across Great Salt Lake) Tooele County - south Elko County, Nevada - west Cassia County, Idaho - northwest Oneida County, Idaho - north National protected areas Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Caribou-Targhee National Forest (part) Golden Spike National Historic Site Sawtooth National Forest (part) Wasatch-Cache National Forest (part) Demographics Historical population CensusPop.Note%± 18601,608—18704,855201.9%18806,76139.3%18907,64213.0%190010,00931.0%191013,89438.8%192018,78835.2%193017,810−5.2%194018,8325.7%195019,7344.8%196025,06127.0%197028,12912.2%198033,22218.1%199036,4859.8%200042,74517.2%201049,97516.9%202057,66615.4%US Decennial Census1790–1960 1900–19901990–2000 2010–2018 2019 2020 2000 census As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 42,745 people, 13,144 households, and 10,804 families in the county. The population density was 7.44 people per square mile (2.87 people/km2). There were 14,209 housing units at an average density of 2.47 units per square mile (0.95 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.87% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 3.45% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. 6.53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 13,144 households, of which 47.10% had children under 18 living with them, 71.00% were married couples living together, 7.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.80% were non-families. Of the 13,144 households, 281 are unmarried partner households: 247 heterosexual, 22 same-sex male, and 12 same-sex female. 16.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22, and the average family size was 3.63. The county population contained 36.10% under 18, 10.50% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 17.70% from 45 to 64, and 10.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.70 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 98.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $44,630, and the median income for a family was $49,421. Males had a median income of $38,814 versus $22,435 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,625. About 5.80% of families and 7.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.30% of those under age 18 and 5.30% of those aged 65 or over. 2010 census As of the 2010 census, there were 49,975 people, 16,058 households, and 12,891 families in the county. The population density was 8.70 people per square mile (3.36 people/km2). There were 17,326 housing units at an average density of 3.02 units per square mile (1.17 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 91.77% White, 0.34% Black or African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 3.77% from other races, and 2.24% from two or more races. 8.31% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 16,058 households, out of which 41.32% had children under 18 living with them, 67.44% were married couples living together, 8.69% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.72% were non-families. 17.16% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.39% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09, and the average family size was 3.50. The county population contained 36.60% under the age of 20, 5.55% from 20 to 24, 25.37% from 25 to 44, 21.35% from 45 to 64, and 11.13% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.59 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 96.61 males. 2015 As of 2015, the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Box Elder County were: 26.0% were of English ancestry 12.7% were of German ancestry 9.3% were of American ancestry 8.4% were of Danish ancestry 5.5% were of Irish ancestry 4.5% were of Scottish ancestry Education Elementary Century Discovery Fielding Foothill Garland Grouse Creek Lake View McKinley Mountain View North Park Park Valley Snowville Three Mile Creek Willard Intermediate Alice C. Harris Adele C. Young Middle Bear River Box Elder High Bear River Box Elder Sunrise High School Speciality schools Early Learning Center Independent Life Skills Center Politics and government Box Elder voters are overwhelmingly Republican. In no national election since 1944 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate, and the last Democrat to obtain one-quarter of the county's vote was Hubert Humphrey in 1968. State elected offices Position District Name Affiliation First elected   Senate 17 Scott Sandall Republican 2018   House of Representatives 1 Joel Ferry Republican 2018   House of Representatives 29 Matthew Gwynn Republican 2020   Board of Education 1 Jennie Earl Nonpartisan 2018 United States presidential election results for Box Elder County, Utah Year Republican Democratic Third party No.  % No.  % No.  % 2020 21,548 78.87% 4,473 16.37% 1,299 4.75% 2016 12,230 61.53% 2,282 11.48% 5,366 26.99% 2012 17,101 88.11% 1,984 10.22% 323 1.66% 2008 15,228 79.24% 3,311 17.23% 678 3.53% 2004 15,751 85.75% 2,244 12.22% 373 2.03% 2000 12,288 79.36% 2,555 16.50% 640 4.13% 1996 8,373 62.65% 3,170 23.72% 1,822 13.63% 1992 7,712 49.58% 2,186 14.05% 5,657 36.37% 1988 12,585 81.40% 2,736 17.70% 140 0.91% 1984 13,243 86.65% 1,983 12.98% 57 0.37% 1980 12,500 82.72% 2,142 14.18% 469 3.10% 1976 9,319 69.02% 3,353 24.84% 829 6.14% 1972 9,880 77.22% 2,134 16.68% 780 6.10% 1968 7,680 65.71% 3,093 26.46% 915 7.83% 1964 6,851 57.26% 5,113 42.74% 0 0.00% 1960 6,594 63.23% 3,831 36.74% 3 0.03% 1956 5,804 68.34% 2,689 31.66% 0 0.00% 1952 5,850 66.22% 2,984 33.78% 0 0.00% 1948 3,790 50.70% 3,667 49.06% 18 0.24% 1944 3,058 42.47% 4,138 57.46% 5 0.07% 1940 3,248 40.67% 4,736 59.30% 2 0.03% 1936 2,180 30.15% 5,001 69.16% 50 0.69% 1932 3,048 44.65% 3,695 54.12% 84 1.23% 1928 3,317 56.94% 2,488 42.71% 20 0.34% 1924 3,086 56.18% 1,841 33.52% 566 10.30% 1920 3,421 58.86% 2,330 40.09% 61 1.05% 1916 2,416 44.67% 2,957 54.68% 35 0.65% 1912 1,650 40.61% 1,402 34.51% 1,011 24.88% 1908 2,396 62.15% 1,417 36.76% 42 1.09% 1904 2,400 66.76% 1,151 32.02% 44 1.22% 1900 1,635 52.72% 1,460 47.08% 6 0.19% 1896 735 28.12% 1,879 71.88% 0 0.00% Communities Map of Box Elder County municipalities and CDPs Cities Bear River City Brigham City (county seat) Corinne Garland Honeyville Perry Tremonton Willard Towns Deweyville Elwood Fielding Howell Mantua Plymouth Portage Snowville Census designated places Riverside South Willard Thatcher Unincorporated communities Bothwell Collinston Grouse Creek Harper Ward Lynn Park Valley Penrose Promontory Yost Ghost towns Blue Creek Cedar Creek Golden Hardup Jackson Kelton Kosmo Lucin Matlin Promontory Point Russian Settlement Terrace Washakie Salinburg, Utah See also Utah portal List of counties in Utah National Register of Historic Places listings in Box Elder County, Utah References ^ "2020 Census Redistricting Data: Box Elder County, Utah". Census Data Explorer. United States Census Bureau. September 16, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2023. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011. ^ "]. Individual County Chronologies - Box Elder County UT (accessed March 25, 2019)". Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2019. ^ "California Trail". Trails West. Retrieved October 24, 2014. ^ Cabrero, Alex (October 19, 2015). "New York man creates 'sovereign nation' in Box Elder County". KSL-TV. Retrieved November 25, 2018. ^ Box Elder County UT Google Maps (accessed 13 March 2019) ^ ""Find an Altitude/Box Elder County UT" Google Maps (accessed 13 March 2019)". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2019. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2015. ^ "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2015. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 27, 2015. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2015. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved March 27, 2015. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2013. ^ "QuickFacts. Box Elder County, Utah". Retrieved May 17, 2020. ^ 2020 Population and Housing State Data | Utah ^ "U.S. Census website". US Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011. ^ Bureau, US Census. "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2018. ^ "Senator Sandall Utah Senate". senate.utah.gov. Retrieved November 16, 2021. ^ "Rep. Ferry, Joel". Utah House of Representatives. Retrieved November 16, 2021. ^ "Rep. Gwynn, Matthew". Utah House of Representatives. Retrieved November 17, 2021. ^ "Jennie Earl". www.schools.utah.gov. Retrieved November 16, 2021. ^ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 30, 2018. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Box Elder County, Utah. Official website County Health Department Places adjacent to Box Elder County, Utah Cassia County, Idaho Oneida County, Idaho Cache County Elko County, Nevada Box Elder County Weber County Tooele County Davis County vteMunicipalities and communities of Box Elder County, Utah, United StatesCounty seat: Brigham CityCities Bear River City Brigham City Corinne Garland Honeyville Perry Tremonton Willard Map of Utah highlighting Box Elder CountyTowns Deweyville Elwood Fielding Howell Mantua Plymouth Portage Snowville CDPs Riverside South Willard Thatcher Unincorporatedareas Beaver Dam Bothwell Collinston Grouse Creek Lynn Park Valley Penrose Promontory Rosette Standrod Yost Ghost towns Blue Creek Cedar Creek Golden Hardup Jackson Kelton Kosmo Lucin Matlin Russian Settlement Terrace Washakie Indian reservation Northwestern Shoshone Reservation Utah portal United States portal vteState of UtahSalt Lake City (capital)Topics Outline Climate change Congressional districts Earthquakes Flag Geography Government Governors Healthcare People Society Abortion Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Gun laws Homelessness LGBT rights Politics Regions Cache Valley Colorado Plateau Dixie Great Basin Great Salt Lake Desert Mojave Desert Monument Valley San Rafael Swell Uinta Basin Uinta Mountains Wasatch Back Wasatch Front Wasatch Range Largest cities American Fork Bountiful Cedar City Clearfield Cottonwood Heights Draper Holladay Kaysville Layton Lehi Logan Midvale Millcreek Murray Ogden Orem Pleasant Grove Provo Riverton Roy St. George Salt Lake City Sandy South Jordan South Salt Lake Spanish Fork Springville Taylorsville Tooele West Jordan West Valley City Counties Beaver Box Elder Cache Carbon Daggett Davis Duchesne Emery Garfield Grand Iron Juab Kane Millard Morgan Piute Rich Salt Lake San Juan Sanpete Sevier Summit Tooele Uintah Utah Wasatch Washington Wayne Weber Important sitesNational monuments Bears Ears National Monument Cedar Breaks National Monument Dinosaur National Monument Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument Hovenweep National Monument Natural Bridges National Monument Rainbow Bridge National Monument Timpanogos Cave National Monument National parks Arches National Park Bryce Canyon National Park Canyonlands National Park Capitol Reef National Park Zion National Park National recreation areas Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Ski resorts Alta Ski Area Beaver Mountain Brian Head Ski Resort Brighton Ski Resort Cherry Peak Resort Deer Valley Park City Mountain Resort Powder Mountain Snowbasin Snowbird Ski Resort Solitude Mountain Resort Sundance Resort Wolf Mountain Other Bonneville Salt Flats Golden Spike National Historical Park Great Salt Lake Lagoon (amusement park) Temple Square History African American Black Hawk War (1865–1872) Mormon Trail Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley Runaway Officials of 1851 Salt Lake City Slavery State of Deseret Territorial evolution Tintic War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Utah Territory Utah Territory in the American Civil War Utah War Wakara's War World War II Women's suffrage 2002 Winter Olympics Flora and fauna Fauna Arachnids Birds Butterflies and moths Mammals Mollusks Flora Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region Wasatch and Uinta montane forests Rocky Mountain Floristic Region Pando Jardine Juniper Culture America's Freedom Festival at Provo Mormon foodways Pioneer Day Utah...This Is the Place Utah Shakespeare Festival State fair Symbols Moab Jeep Safari  Utah portal Authority control databases International VIAF National Israel
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"county","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Utah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-census2020-1"},{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Brigham City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham_City,_Utah"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"box elder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_negundo"},{"link_name":"Ogden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogden,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Clearfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearfield,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan Statistical Area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogden%E2%80%93Clearfield_metropolitan_area"},{"link_name":"Salt Lake City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Lake_City"},{"link_name":"Provo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provo,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Orem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orem,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Combined Statistical Area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Lake_City-Ogden-Clearfield,_UT_CSA"}],"text":"County in Utah, United StatesCounty in UtahBox Elder County is a county at the northwestern corner of Utah, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 57,666,[1] up from the 2010 figure of 49,975. Its county seat and largest city is Brigham City.[2] The county was named for the box elder trees that abound in the county.Box Elder County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem, UT Combined Statistical Area. Box Elder County.","title":"Box Elder County, Utah"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Corinne._Staff_of_the_Daily_Reporter._Box_Elder_County,_Utah.,_1869_-_1878_-_NARA_-_517302.tif"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Box_Elder_County_Float_1912.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boxeldercounty.png"},{"link_name":"Utah Territory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Territory"},{"link_name":"Weber County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_County,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada"},{"link_name":"Salt Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Lake_County,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Weber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_County,_Utah"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"California Trail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Trail"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"first transcontinental railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad"},{"link_name":"Promontory Summit, Utah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promontory_Summit,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Spiral Jetty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_Jetty"},{"link_name":"earthwork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_art"},{"link_name":"Robert Smithson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smithson"},{"link_name":"Great Salt Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake"},{"link_name":"Republic of Zaqistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Zaqistan"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kslsov-5"}],"text":"Corinne. Staff of the Daily Reporter. Box Elder County, Utah., 1869 - 1878Box Elder County float, 1912Box Elder County (details)The county was created by the Utah Territory legislature on January 5, 1856, with the territory partitioned from Weber County. Its boundaries were altered in 1862 by adjustments between counties and in 1866 when all its area in the now-existent state of Nevada (which had gained territorial status in 1861 and statehood in 1864) was formally partitioned. The county boundaries were finally altered in 1880 by adjustments between Salt Lake and Weber counties. Its boundary has remained unchanged since 1880.[3]The California Trail followed Goose Creek from a point just north of the Idaho/Utah border southwest across northwestern Box Elder County to Little Goose Creek in northeastern Elko County, Nevada.[4]\nThe link-up of the first transcontinental railroad occurred at Promontory Summit, Utah in 1869.The Spiral Jetty, an earthwork sculpture by Robert Smithson, was built on the north shore of the Great Salt Lake in Box Elder County in 1970.On November 19, 2005, sculptor Zaq Landsberg declared his plot to be independent from the US, creating the Republic of Zaqistan.[5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada"},{"link_name":"Idaho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho"},{"link_name":"Wasatch Front","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasatch_Front"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Great Salt Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake"},{"link_name":"Snake River drainage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_River_Plain"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Wellsville Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellsville_Mountains"},{"link_name":"Wasatch Range","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasatch_Range"},{"link_name":"Great Salt Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake"},{"link_name":"Interstate 15","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_15_in_Utah"},{"link_name":"Interstate 84","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Utah"},{"link_name":"Tremonton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremonton,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Snowville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowville,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Plymouth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Portage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage,_Utah"}],"text":"Box Elder County lies at the northwest corner of Utah. Its west border abuts the east border of the state of Nevada and its north border abuts the south border of the state of Idaho. Its territory includes large tracts of barren desert, contrasted by high, forested mountains. The Wasatch Front lies along the south-eastern border, where the main cities are found.[6] The terrain generally slopes to the south (toward the Great Salt Lake), although the NW corner of the county slopes to the north, allowing runoff from that area to flow to the Snake River drainage. The county's highest point is a mountain ridge near the NW corner, at 9,180 ft (2,800 m) ASL.[7] The county has a total area of 6,729 square miles (17,430 km2), of which 5,746 square miles (14,880 km2) is land and 984 square miles (2,550 km2) (15%) is water.[8] It is the fourth-largest county in Utah by area.In the east lie the Wellsville Mountains, a branch of the Wasatch Range. In the west is a large, mostly uninhabited desert area. The Great Salt Lake lies in the southeastern corner of the county. The combined Interstate 15/Interstate 84 runs northward in the eastern part of the county. The two routes diverge at Tremonton, with I-84 heading northwest past Snowville into central and western Idaho and I-15 heading north past Plymouth and Portage into eastern Idaho.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"I-15","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_15_in_Utah"},{"link_name":"I-15 BL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_15_Business_(Tremonton,_Utah)"},{"link_name":"I-84","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Utah"},{"link_name":"I-84 BL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_84_Business_(Tremonton,_Utah)"},{"link_name":"US 89","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_89_in_Utah"},{"link_name":"US 91","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_91_in_Utah"},{"link_name":"SR-13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_13"},{"link_name":"SR-30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_30"},{"link_name":"SR-38","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_38"},{"link_name":"SR-42","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_42"},{"link_name":"SR-82","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_82"},{"link_name":"SR-83","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_83"},{"link_name":"SR-102","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_102"}],"sub_title":"Major highways","text":"I-15\n I-15 BL\n I-84\n I-84 BL\n US 89\n US 91\n SR-13\n SR-30\n SR-38\n SR-42\n SR-82\n SR-83\n SR-102","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cache County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_County,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Weber County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_County,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Davis County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_County,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Great Salt Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake"},{"link_name":"Tooele County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooele_County,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Elko County, Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elko_County,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"Cassia County, Idaho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_County,_Idaho"},{"link_name":"Oneida County, Idaho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_County,_Idaho"}],"sub_title":"Adjacent counties","text":"Cache County - northeast\nWeber County - east\nDavis County - southeast (across Great Salt Lake)\nTooele County - south\nElko County, Nevada - west\nCassia County, Idaho - northwest\nOneida County, Idaho - north","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_River_Migratory_Bird_Refuge"},{"link_name":"Caribou-Targhee National Forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribou-Targhee_National_Forest"},{"link_name":"Golden Spike National Historic Site","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Spike_National_Historic_Site"},{"link_name":"Sawtooth National Forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawtooth_National_Forest"},{"link_name":"Wasatch-Cache National Forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasatch-Cache_National_Forest"}],"sub_title":"National protected areas","text":"Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge\nCaribou-Targhee National Forest (part)\nGolden Spike National Historic Site\nSawtooth National Forest (part)\nWasatch-Cache National Forest (part)","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2000 United States Census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Pacific Islander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"sub_title":"2000 census","text":"As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 42,745 people, 13,144 households, and 10,804 families in the county. The population density was 7.44 people per square mile (2.87 people/km2). There were 14,209 housing units at an average density of 2.47 units per square mile (0.95 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.87% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 3.45% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. 6.53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.There were 13,144 households, of which 47.10% had children under 18 living with them, 71.00% were married couples living together, 7.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.80% were non-families. Of the 13,144 households, 281 are unmarried partner households: 247 heterosexual, 22 same-sex male, and 12 same-sex female. 16.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22, and the average family size was 3.63.The county population contained 36.10% under 18, 10.50% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 17.70% from 45 to 64, and 10.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.70 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 98.90 males.The median income for a household in the county was $44,630, and the median income for a family was $49,421. Males had a median income of $38,814 versus $22,435 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,625. About 5.80% of families and 7.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.30% of those under age 18 and 5.30% of those aged 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2010 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Pacific Islander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"}],"sub_title":"2010 census","text":"As of the 2010 census,[16] there were 49,975 people, 16,058 households, and 12,891 families in the county. The population density was 8.70 people per square mile (3.36 people/km2). There were 17,326 housing units at an average density of 3.02 units per square mile (1.17 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 91.77% White, 0.34% Black or African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 3.77% from other races, and 2.24% from two or more races. 8.31% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.There were 16,058 households, out of which 41.32% had children under 18 living with them, 67.44% were married couples living together, 8.69% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.72% were non-families. 17.16% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.39% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09, and the average family size was 3.50.The county population contained 36.60% under the age of 20, 5.55% from 20 to 24, 25.37% from 25 to 44, 21.35% from 45 to 64, and 11.13% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.59 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 96.61 males.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"sub_title":"2015","text":"As of 2015, the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Box Elder County were:26.0% were of English ancestry\n12.7% were of German ancestry\n9.3% were of American ancestry\n8.4% were of Danish ancestry\n5.5% were of Irish ancestry\n4.5% were of Scottish ancestry[17]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Elementary","text":"Century\nDiscovery\nFielding\nFoothill\nGarland\nGrouse Creek\nLake View\nMcKinley\nMountain View\nNorth Park\nPark Valley\nSnowville\nThree Mile Creek\nWillard","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Intermediate","text":"Alice C. Harris\nAdele C. Young","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Middle","text":"Bear River\nBox Elder","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"High","text":"Bear River\nBox Elder\nSunrise High School","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Speciality schools","text":"Early Learning Center\nIndependent Life Skills Center","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hubert Humphrey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey"}],"text":"Box Elder voters are overwhelmingly Republican. In no national election since 1944 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate, and the last Democrat to obtain one-quarter of the county's vote was Hubert Humphrey in 1968.","title":"Politics and government"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Box_Elder_County_Utah_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas.svg"}],"text":"Map of Box Elder County municipalities and CDPs","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bear River City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_River_City,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Brigham City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham_City,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Corinne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinne,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Garland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garland,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Honeyville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeyville,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Perry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Tremonton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremonton,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Willard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard,_Utah"}],"sub_title":"Cities","text":"Bear River City\nBrigham City (county seat)\nCorinne\nGarland\nHoneyville\nPerry\nTremonton\nWillard","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Deweyville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweyville,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Elwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elwood,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Fielding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fielding,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Howell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howell,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Mantua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Plymouth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Portage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Snowville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowville,_Utah"}],"sub_title":"Towns","text":"Deweyville\nElwood\nFielding\nHowell\nMantua\nPlymouth\nPortage\nSnowville","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Riverside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside,_Utah"},{"link_name":"South Willard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Willard,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Thatcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatcher,_Utah"}],"sub_title":"Census designated places","text":"Riverside\nSouth Willard\nThatcher","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bothwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothwell,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Collinston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collinston,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Grouse Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouse_Creek,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Harper Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper_Ward,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Lynn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Park Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Valley,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Penrose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Promontory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promontory,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Yost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yost,_Utah"}],"sub_title":"Unincorporated communities","text":"Bothwell\nCollinston\nGrouse Creek\nHarper Ward\nLynn\nPark Valley\nPenrose\nPromontory\nYost","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Blue Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Creek,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Cedar Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Creek,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Golden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Hardup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardup,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Kelton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelton,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Kosmo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmo,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Lucin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucin,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Matlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matlin,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Promontory Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promontory_Point,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Russian Settlement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Settlement,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Terrace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace,_Utah"},{"link_name":"Washakie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washakie,_Utah"}],"sub_title":"Ghost towns","text":"Blue Creek\nCedar Creek\nGolden\nHardup\nJackson\nKelton\nKosmo\nLucin\nMatlin\nPromontory Point\nRussian Settlement\nTerrace\nWashakie\nSalinburg, Utah","title":"Communities"}]
[{"image_text":"Corinne. Staff of the Daily Reporter. Box Elder County, Utah., 1869 - 1878","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Corinne._Staff_of_the_Daily_Reporter._Box_Elder_County%2C_Utah.%2C_1869_-_1878_-_NARA_-_517302.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Corinne._Staff_of_the_Daily_Reporter._Box_Elder_County%2C_Utah.%2C_1869_-_1878_-_NARA_-_517302.tif.jpg"},{"image_text":"Box Elder County float, 1912","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Box_Elder_County_Float_1912.jpg/220px-Box_Elder_County_Float_1912.jpg"},{"image_text":"Box Elder County (details)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Boxeldercounty.png/220px-Boxeldercounty.png"},{"image_text":"Map of Box Elder County municipalities and CDPs","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Box_Elder_County_Utah_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas.svg/220px-Box_Elder_County_Utah_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Map of Utah highlighting Box Elder County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Map_of_Utah_highlighting_Box_Elder_County.svg/80px-Map_of_Utah_highlighting_Box_Elder_County.svg.png"}]
[{"title":"Utah portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Utah"},{"title":"List of counties in Utah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Utah"},{"title":"National Register of Historic Places listings in Box Elder County, Utah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Box_Elder_County,_Utah"}]
[{"reference":"\"2020 Census Redistricting Data: Box Elder County, Utah\". Census Data Explorer. United States Census Bureau. September 16, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/all?g=0500000US49003&y=2020&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)","url_text":"\"2020 Census Redistricting Data: Box Elder County, Utah\""}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"\"Find a County\""},{"url":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"[[Newberry Library]]. Individual County Chronologies - Box Elder County UT (accessed March 25, 2019)\". Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160306153326/http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/UT_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm","url_text":"\"[[Newberry Library]]. Individual County Chronologies - Box Elder County UT (accessed March 25, 2019)\""},{"url":"https://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/UT_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"California Trail\". Trails West. Retrieved October 24, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://emigranttrailswest.org/virtual-tour/california-trail/","url_text":"\"California Trail\""}]},{"reference":"Cabrero, Alex (October 19, 2015). \"New York man creates 'sovereign nation' in Box Elder County\". KSL-TV. Retrieved November 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ksl.com/?sid=37022657","url_text":"\"New York man creates 'sovereign nation' in Box Elder County\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSL-TV","url_text":"KSL-TV"}]},{"reference":"\"\"Find an Altitude/Box Elder County UT\" Google Maps (accessed 13 March 2019)\". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190521043409/https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm","url_text":"\"\"Find an Altitude/Box Elder County UT\" Google Maps (accessed 13 March 2019)\""},{"url":"https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\". US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_49.txt","url_text":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"\"US Decennial Census\". US Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"US Decennial Census\""}]},{"reference":"\"Historical Census Browser\". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 27, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/","url_text":"\"Historical Census Browser\""}]},{"reference":"Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). \"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990\". US Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ut190090.txt","url_text":"\"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990\""}]},{"reference":"\"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\" (PDF). US Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved March 27, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","url_text":"\"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\""}]},{"reference":"\"State & County QuickFacts\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160223000133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/49/49003.html","url_text":"\"State & County QuickFacts\""},{"url":"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/49/49003.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"QuickFacts. Box Elder County, Utah\". Retrieved May 17, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/boxeldercountyutah/PST045218","url_text":"\"QuickFacts. Box Elder County, Utah\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". US Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""}]},{"reference":"Bureau, US Census. \"American FactFinder - Results\". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20200213040523/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP02/0500000US49003","url_text":"\"American FactFinder - Results\""},{"url":"https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP02/0500000US49003","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Senator Sandall Utah Senate\". senate.utah.gov. Retrieved November 16, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://senate.utah.gov/sen/SANDASD/","url_text":"\"Senator Sandall Utah Senate\""}]},{"reference":"\"Rep. Ferry, Joel\". Utah House of Representatives. Retrieved November 16, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://house.utah.gov/rep/FERRYJ/","url_text":"\"Rep. Ferry, Joel\""}]},{"reference":"\"Rep. Gwynn, Matthew\". Utah House of Representatives. Retrieved November 17, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://house.utah.gov/rep/GWYNNM/","url_text":"\"Rep. Gwynn, Matthew\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jennie Earl\". www.schools.utah.gov. Retrieved November 16, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.schools.utah.gov/board/members/utah/jennieearl","url_text":"\"Jennie Earl\""}]},{"reference":"Leip, David. \"Atlas of US Presidential Elections\". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 30, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","url_text":"\"Atlas of US Presidential Elections\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Anna,_Texas
Santa Anna, Texas
["1 Geography","1.1 Climate","2 History","3 Demographics","3.1 2020 census","3.2 2000 census","4 Education","5 Notable people","6 Gallery","7 References","8 External links"]
Coordinates: 31°44′13″N 99°19′32″W / 31.73694°N 99.32556°W / 31.73694; -99.32556For the census-designated place in Starr County, see Santa Anna, Starr County, Texas. Town in Texas, United StatesSanta Anna, TexasTownDowntown Santa AnnaLocation of Santa Anna, TexasCoordinates: 31°44′13″N 99°19′32″W / 31.73694°N 99.32556°W / 31.73694; -99.32556CountryUnited StatesStateTexasCountyColemanArea • Total1.99 sq mi (5.16 km2) • Land1.99 sq mi (5.16 km2) • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)Elevation1,723 ft (525 m)Population (2010) • Total1,099 • Estimate (2019)1,007 • Density505.02/sq mi (194.98/km2)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)ZIP code76878Area code325FIPS code48-65672GNIS feature ID2413258Websitewww.santaannatex.org Santa Anna is a town in Coleman County in Central Texas, United States. Its population was 1,099 at the 2010 census. Geography Santa Anna is located in east central Coleman County. Three U.S. highways pass through the center of town. U.S. Route 283 leads south 44 miles (71 km) to Brady, U.S. Route 67 leads west 39 miles (63 km) to Ballinger, while U.S. Route 84 and US 283 together lead northwest 9 miles (14 km) to Coleman, the county seat, and US 67 and 84 together lead east 21 miles (34 km) to Brownwood. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Santa Anna has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps. History This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The twin mesas in central Coleman County have always been a landmark. One of the earliest maps of Texas shows a mountain near the center of the state with the notation, "Santa Anna's Peaks". The mountain and later the town were named for Comanche war chief Santanna, or Santa Anna. Texas Rangers camped at the foot of the mountain long before the area was settled. Cattle drives from South Texas to the northern markets passed through the gap in the mountain along a military road. This road helped supply the outpost forts along the Texas Forts Trail. The first permanent European-American settlers soon built homes near a freshwater spring at the foot of the mountain. One enterprising settler stocked a supply of goods for trail drivers and settlers, starting the first business at "The Gap" in the early 1870s. In 1879, a petition to open a post office was filed, and the name of "Santa Anna" was chosen. During the construction of the Santa Fe Railroad, a group of residents bought land along the right-of-way. Stone buildings were built from limestone quarried from the cap rock of the west mountain. Several businesses moved from Trickham and Brownwood to be a part of the new community. In 1886, The Santa Anna News was established. The first telephone in the county was a private line from Brownwood to Coleman, connected in the Melton Hotel in Santa Anna. A small local exchange was opened in 1892. A drugstore and a bank were opened in the 1880s, and a one-room school was opened that soon expanded to four rooms. As the open range was preempted and sold, land was cultivated, with cotton the principal crop. Santa Anna eventually had four cotton gins in operation, and was also a major rail shipping point for livestock. The town became a trade center with a thriving business district that included drugstores, hotels, banks, livery stables, and produce houses. One of the early buildings, still a landmark downtown, housed an opera house, where traveling groups and local performers provided entertainment and culture. After World War I, Dr. T.R. Sealy established a hospital that soon became widely known. A nursing school was founded in the 1920s to provide trained nurses, continuing until the death of Dr. Sealy in the mid-1930s. During the first half of the 20th century, Santa Anna thrived as a small farming and ranching community. It later developed businesses related to the area oil industry. Since the beginning of the 21st century, tourism has emerged as a new industry in Santa Anna. Currently, 38 businesses are located in Santa Anna, of which 13 are less than three years old. Custom hand-crafted furniture has become a hallmark of the city. Other popular draws include numerous antique stores, furniture stores, and specialty shops. Santa Anna and the surrounding area are also popular among dove, quail, turkey, and deer hunters. Demographics Historical population CensusPop.Note%± 1890468—19101,453—19201,407−3.2%19301,88333.8%19401,661−11.8%19501,605−3.4%19601,320−17.8%19701,310−0.8%19801,53517.2%19901,249−18.6%20001,081−13.5%20101,0991.7%2019 (est.)1,007−8.4%U.S. Decennial Census 2020 census Santa Anna racial composition (NH = Non-Hispanic) Race Number Percentage White (NH) 714 70.41% Black or African American (NH) 37 3.65% Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 1 0.1% Asian (NH) 1 0.1% Some Other Race (NH) 2 0.2% Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 46 4.54% Hispanic or Latino 213 21.01% Total 1,014 As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,014 people, 405 households, and 268 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, 1,081 people, 446 households, and 283 families resided in the town. The population density was 558.0 inhabitants per square mile (215.4/km2). The 574 housing units averaged 296.3 per square mile (114.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 88.90% White, 3.89% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 4.72% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 19.06% of the population. Of the 446 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were not families. About 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.01. In the town, the population was distributed as 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $22,857, and for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $29,886 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,065. About 20.4% of families and 23.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.6% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over. Education The town is served by the Santa Anna Independent School District. Notable people Louis Crump, Texas state senator Bobby Layne, Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Gallery Sights near main street Downtown Santa Anna Downtown Santa Anna City Hall and Fire Department in Santa Anna, Texas References ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Santa Anna, Texas ^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Santa Anna town, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2015. ^ Texas Atlas & Gazetteer, De Lorme, 4th ed. 2001, p.56 ISBN 0899333206 ^ Climate Summary for Santa Anna, Texas ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022. ^ https://www.census.gov/ ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Santa Anna, Texas. Town of Santa Anna official website Santa Anna Economic Development Corporation Santa Anna Historical Development Coleman County Telephone Cooperative, Inc. vteMunicipalities and communities of Coleman County, Texas, United StatesCounty seat: ColemanCities Coleman Novice Coleman County mapTown Santa Anna CDP Valera Othercommunities Burkett Goldsboro Gouldbusk Rockwood Talpa Voss Texas portal United States portal Authority control databases International VIAF Geographic MusicBrainz area
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Santa Anna, Starr County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Anna,_Starr_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Coleman County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Central Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Texas"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2010-5"}],"text":"For the census-designated place in Starr County, see Santa Anna, Starr County, Texas.Town in Texas, United StatesSanta Anna is a town in Coleman County in Central Texas, United States. Its population was 1,099 at the 2010 census.[5]","title":"Santa Anna, Texas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"U.S. Route 283","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_283_in_Texas"},{"link_name":"Brady","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady,_Texas"},{"link_name":"U.S. Route 67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_67_in_Texas"},{"link_name":"Ballinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballinger,_Texas"},{"link_name":"U.S. Route 84","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_84_in_Texas"},{"link_name":"Coleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman,_Texas"},{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Brownwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownwood,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2010-5"}],"text":"Santa Anna is located in east central Coleman County. Three U.S. highways pass through the center of town. U.S. Route 283 leads south 44 miles (71 km) to Brady, U.S. Route 67 leads west 39 miles (63 km) to Ballinger, while U.S. Route 84 and US 283 together lead northwest 9 miles (14 km) to Coleman, the county seat, and US 67 and 84 together lead east 21 miles (34 km) to Brownwood.[6]According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.[5]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Köppen climate classification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification"},{"link_name":"humid subtropical climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"Climate","text":"The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Santa Anna has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.[7]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Comanche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche"},{"link_name":"Santa Anna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Anna_(Comanche_war_chief)"},{"link_name":"Texas Rangers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division"},{"link_name":"Santa Fe Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Railroad"},{"link_name":"cap rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_rock"},{"link_name":"cotton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton"},{"link_name":"cotton gins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_gin"},{"link_name":"tourism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism"}],"text":"The twin mesas in central Coleman County have always been a landmark. One of the earliest maps of Texas shows a mountain near the center of the state with the notation, \"Santa Anna's Peaks\". The mountain and later the town were named for Comanche war chief Santanna, or Santa Anna.Texas Rangers camped at the foot of the mountain long before the area was settled. Cattle drives from South Texas to the northern markets passed through the gap in the mountain along a military road. This road helped supply the outpost forts along the Texas Forts Trail. The first permanent European-American settlers soon built homes near a freshwater spring at the foot of the mountain. One enterprising settler stocked a supply of goods for trail drivers and settlers, starting the first business at \"The Gap\" in the early 1870s. In 1879, a petition to open a post office was filed, and the name of \"Santa Anna\" was chosen.During the construction of the Santa Fe Railroad, a group of residents bought land along the right-of-way. Stone buildings were built from limestone quarried from the cap rock of the west mountain. Several businesses moved from Trickham and Brownwood to be a part of the new community. In 1886, The Santa Anna News was established. The first telephone in the county was a private line from Brownwood to Coleman, connected in the Melton Hotel in Santa Anna. A small local exchange was opened in 1892. A drugstore and a bank were opened in the 1880s, and a one-room school was opened that soon expanded to four rooms.As the open range was preempted and sold, land was cultivated, with cotton the principal crop. Santa Anna eventually had four cotton gins in operation, and was also a major rail shipping point for livestock. The town became a trade center with a thriving business district that included drugstores, hotels, banks, livery stables, and produce houses. One of the early buildings, still a landmark downtown, housed an opera house, where traveling groups and local performers provided entertainment and culture.After World War I, Dr. T.R. Sealy established a hospital that soon became widely known. A nursing school was founded in the 1920s to provide trained nurses, continuing until the death of Dr. Sealy in the mid-1930s.During the first half of the 20th century, Santa Anna thrived as a small farming and ranching community. It later developed businesses related to the area oil industry.Since the beginning of the 21st century, tourism has emerged as a new industry in Santa Anna. Currently, 38 businesses are located in Santa Anna, of which 13 are less than three years old. Custom hand-crafted furniture has become a hallmark of the city. Other popular draws include numerous antique stores, furniture stores, and specialty shops. Santa Anna and the surrounding area are also popular among dove, quail, turkey, and deer hunters.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 United States census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_census"}],"sub_title":"2020 census","text":"As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,014 people, 405 households, and 268 families residing in the town.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-4"},{"link_name":"racial makeup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"sub_title":"2000 census","text":"As of the census[4] of 2000, 1,081 people, 446 households, and 283 families resided in the town. The population density was 558.0 inhabitants per square mile (215.4/km2). The 574 housing units averaged 296.3 per square mile (114.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 88.90% White, 3.89% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 4.72% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 19.06% of the population.Of the 446 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were not families. About 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.01.In the town, the population was distributed as 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.The median income for a household in the town was $22,857, and for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $29,886 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,065. About 20.4% of families and 23.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.6% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Santa Anna Independent School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Anna_Independent_School_District"}],"text":"The town is served by the Santa Anna Independent School District.","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Louis Crump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Crump"},{"link_name":"Bobby Layne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Layne"},{"link_name":"Pro Football Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame"}],"text":"Louis Crump, Texas state senator\nBobby Layne, Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback","title":"Notable people"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SantaAnnaTXCommunity.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Downtown_Santa_Anna_2_(1_of_1).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Downtown_Santa_Anna_3_(1_of_1).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Downtown_Santa_Anna_City_Hall_Fire_Department_(1_of_1).jpg"}],"text":"Sights near main street\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDowntown Santa Anna\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDowntown Santa Anna\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCity Hall and Fire Department in Santa Anna, Texas","title":"Gallery"}]
[{"image_text":"Coleman County map","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Coleman_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Coleman_County.svg.png"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt","url_text":"\"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html","url_text":"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Santa Anna town, Texas\". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20200213044130/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4865672","url_text":"\"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Santa Anna town, Texas\""},{"url":"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4865672","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Census of Population and Housing\". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""}]},{"reference":"\"Explore Census Data\". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4865672&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","url_text":"\"Explore Census Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"About the Hispanic Population and its Origin\". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html","url_text":"\"About the Hispanic Population and its Origin\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Loco_Shed,_Howrah
Electric Loco Shed, Howrah
["1 History","2 Operations","3 Livery and markings","4 Locomotives","5 References","6 External links"]
Coordinates: 22°36′17″N 88°20′07″E / 22.604813°N 88.335240°E / 22.604813; 88.335240Loco shed in West Bengal, India Electric Loco Shed, HowrahHWH based WAP-7 with Howrah - New Delhi Rajdhani Express.Location within KolkataLocationLocationHowrah, West BengalCoordinates22°36′17″N 88°20′07″E / 22.604813°N 88.335240°E / 22.604813; 88.335240CharacteristicsOwnerIndian RailwaysOperatorEastern Railway zoneDepot codeHWHTypeEngine shedRoads6Rolling stockWAP-4 WAP-5 WAP-7HistoryOpened2001; 23 years ago (2001)Former rolling stockWAP-1 WAM-4 Route haul map of HWH ELS (Howrah Electric Loco shed) locomotives Electric Loco Shed, Howrah is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Howrah of the Eastern Railway zone in West Bengal, India. It is one of the two electric locomotive sheds of the Eastern Railway, the others being at Asansol (ASN). As of 1 July 2020 there are 150 locomotives in the shed. History Steam locomotive sheds used to exist at Howrah until the late 1970s. After Eastern Railway set a deadline to eliminate all steam locomotive operations by 1990, a push was given towards establishing electric locomotion as the primary motive power, and the steam locomotive sheds was decommissioned. To meet the needs of exponentially increasing rail traffic on the new continuous broad-gauge lines from Kolkata to rest of India with the completion of gauge conversion, the Howrah was selected by Indian Railways for a new electric locomotive shed. New electric locomotive shed was inaugurated in the late 2001s with WAP-1 from Ghaziabad which stayed until late 2005, when they were transferred back to Ghaziabad again. It later got a large fleet of WAP-4 locos, but later some of these were then moved to Asansol. All WAP-6 locos from Asansol shed converted to WAP-4 units and transferred here. New WAP-7 locos were acquired in 2011. In October 2019, Howrah ELS got its first WAP-5 locomotive from Vadodara. The shed also held a few WAM-4 units. All the WAM-4s of this shed have been retired/withdrawn from service. Operations Being one of the three electric engine sheds in Eastern Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 175 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 207 engine units, including 90 WAP-4 and 19 WAP-7. It also housed a few WAM-4 locomotives temporarily. Electric Loco Shed, Howrah is now housing the 2nd largest fleet of WAP-4 in Indian Railways and it caters to many long-distance electric trains. Like all locomotive sheds, HWH does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives. It not only attends to locomotives housed at HWH but to ones coming in from other sheds as well. It has four pit lines for loco repair. Locomotives of Howrah ELS along with Asansol and Royapuram ELS were the regular links for all trains running through West Bengal when widespread electrification of railway lines started in Eastern Railways. It handled prestigious trains like the Howrah Rajdhani Express. HWH locomotives used to be predominantly the regular links for trains traveling to north as well. Livery and markings Though WAP-4 class have a standardized livery all over India, Howrah WAP-4 locomotives can easily be recognized by their blood red with incomplete yellow band. Though WAP-5 class have a standardized livery all over India, two of Howrah WAP-5 with numbers 30106 and 30112 have brand advertisement of Fortune Biryani special Basmati Rice and another Howrah WAP-5 with number 30115 has brand advertisement of Fortune Edible Oils. Locomotives SN Type of loco HP Holding 1. WAP-4 5350 48 2. WAP-5 6120 38 3. WAP-7 6350 86 Total locomotives active as of January 2024 172 References ^ "e-Locos". ^ " Indian Railways FAQ: Steam Locomotive Sheds in the 1970s". IRFCA. Retrieved 13 December 2016. ^ "scan0189.jpg". IRFCA. Retrieved 20 May 2020. ^ "Report of the expert Committee on Coal Consumption on Railways, 1958". INDIAN CULTURE. Retrieved 29 April 2020. ^ "Electric loco shed location". Retrieved 23 November 2016. ^ "Nov 2019 Locomotive Holding list" (PDF). ^ "Indian Railway-shed wise engine.holdings" (PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 23 November 2016. ^ "fleets under sheds". Retrieved 23 November 2016. ^ "List of Locos in Howrah". Retrieved 23 November 2016. ^ "e-Locos". External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electric Loco Shed, Howrah. Website Particulars maps of Indian Railway Loco Sheds showing the Erode Electric Loco Shed vteLocomotives sheds of IndiaRailwaydepotsDiesel Loco Abu Road Alambagh Andal Bandra Bardhaman Bhagat Ki Kothi Bokaro Steel City Bondamunda Coonoor Ernakulam Erode Gandhidham Golden Rock Gonda Gooty Guntakal Howrah Hubli Itarsi Izzatnagar Jamalpur Jhansi Kalka Kalyan Kazipet Kharagpur Krishnarajapuram Kurla Ludhiana Lumding Malda Town Maula Ali Mhow Motibagh Mughalsarai New Guwahati City New Katani Patratu Pratapnagar Pune Raipur Ratlam Sabarmati Samastipur Shakurbasti Siliguri Tondiarpet Tughlakabad Vatva Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Electric Loco Ajni Angul Arakkonam Asansol Barauni Bhilai Bhusawal Bilaspur Bokaro Steel City Bondamunda Erode Ghaziabad Gomoh Gorakhpur Guntakal Howrah Ispat Nagar Itarsi Jhansi Kalyan Kanpur Katni Kazipet Khanalampura Lallaguda Ludhiana Mughalsarai Nagpur Rourkela Royapuram Saharanpur Saiyedpur Bhitri Tatanagar Tughlakabad Vadodara Valsad Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Steam Loco Coonoor Rewari Category
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Route_haul_map_of_Howrah_Electric_Loco_shed.png"},{"link_name":"motive power depot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motive_power_depot"},{"link_name":"electric locomotives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_locomotive"},{"link_name":"Indian Railways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Railways"},{"link_name":"Howrah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howrah"},{"link_name":"Eastern Railway zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Railway_zone"},{"link_name":"West Bengal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal"},{"link_name":"Asansol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asansol_Junction_railway_station"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_Loco_Shed,_Howrah&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Loco shed in West Bengal, IndiaRoute haul map of HWH ELS (Howrah Electric Loco shed) locomotivesElectric Loco Shed, Howrah is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Howrah of the Eastern Railway zone in West Bengal, India. It is one of the two electric locomotive sheds of the Eastern Railway, the others being at Asansol (ASN). As of 1 July 2020[update] there are 150 locomotives in the shed.[1]","title":"Electric Loco Shed, Howrah"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"WAP-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_locomotive_class_WAP-1"},{"link_name":"WAP-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_locomotive_class_WAP-4"},{"link_name":"WAP-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_locomotive_class_WAP-6"},{"link_name":"WAP-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_locomotive_class_WAP-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Steam locomotive sheds used to exist at Howrah until the late 1970s.[2][3] After Eastern Railway set a deadline to eliminate all steam locomotive operations by 1990, a push was given towards establishing electric locomotion as the primary motive power, and the steam locomotive sheds was decommissioned.[4] To meet the needs of exponentially increasing rail traffic on the new continuous broad-gauge lines from Kolkata to rest of India with the completion of gauge conversion, the Howrah was selected by Indian Railways for a new electric locomotive shed.[5]New electric locomotive shed was inaugurated in the late 2001s with WAP-1 from Ghaziabad which stayed until late 2005, when they were transferred back to Ghaziabad again. It later got a large fleet of WAP-4 locos, but later some of these were then moved to Asansol. All WAP-6 locos from Asansol shed converted to WAP-4 units and transferred here. New WAP-7 locos were acquired in 2011. In October 2019, Howrah ELS got its first WAP-5 locomotive from Vadodara.[6]The shed also held a few WAM-4 units. All the WAM-4s of this shed have been retired/withdrawn from service.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"WAP-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAP-4"},{"link_name":"WAP-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAP-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"WAP-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAP-4"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Howrah Rajdhani Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howrah_Rajdhani_Express"}],"text":"Being one of the three electric engine sheds in Eastern Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 175 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 207 engine units, including 90 WAP-4 and 19 WAP-7. It also housed a few WAM-4 locomotives temporarily.[7] Electric Loco Shed, Howrah is now housing the 2nd largest fleet of WAP-4 in Indian Railways and it caters to many long-distance electric trains.[8][9]Like all locomotive sheds, HWH does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives. It not only attends to locomotives housed at HWH but to ones coming in from other sheds as well. It has four pit lines for loco repair. Locomotives of Howrah ELS along with Asansol and Royapuram ELS were the regular links for all trains running through West Bengal when widespread electrification of railway lines started in Eastern Railways. It handled prestigious trains like the Howrah Rajdhani Express. HWH locomotives used to be predominantly the regular links for trains traveling to north as well.","title":"Operations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"blood red","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_red"}],"text":"Though WAP-4 class have a standardized livery all over India, Howrah WAP-4 locomotives can easily be recognized by their blood red with incomplete yellow band.\nThough WAP-5 class have a standardized livery all over India, two of Howrah WAP-5 with numbers 30106 and 30112 have brand advertisement of Fortune Biryani special Basmati Rice and another Howrah WAP-5 with number 30115 has brand advertisement of Fortune Edible Oils.","title":"Livery and markings"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Locomotives"}]
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenbush,_Wisconsin
Greenbush, Wisconsin
["1 Geography","2 Demographics","3 Historic sites","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
Coordinates: 43°46′39″N 88°6′4″W / 43.77750°N 88.10111°W / 43.77750; -88.10111 Town in Wisconsin, United StatesGreenbush, WisconsinTownDowntown GreenbushLocation of Greenbush, WisconsinCoordinates: 43°46′39″N 88°6′4″W / 43.77750°N 88.10111°W / 43.77750; -88.10111Country United StatesState WisconsinCountySheboyganArea • Total47.4 sq mi (122.8 km2) • Land47.2 sq mi (122.1 km2) • Water0.3 sq mi (0.7 km2)Elevation974 ft (297 m)Population (2000) • Total2,773 • Density58.8/sq mi (22.7/km2)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)Area code920FIPS code55-31100GNIS feature ID1583311Websitetownofgreenbushwi.com Greenbush is a town in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,773 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The census-designated place of Greenbush is located in the town. The unincorporated community of German Corners is also located in the town. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.4 square miles (122.8 km2), of which, 47.2 square miles (122.1 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km2) of it (0.55%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 2,773 people, 526 households, and 433 families residing in the town. The population density was 58.8 people per square mile (22.7/km2). There were 551 housing units at an average density of 11.7 per square mile (4.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 74.29% White, 23.15% African American, 1.73% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.97% of the population. There were 526 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.9% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.23. In the town, the population was spread out, with 16.1% under the age of 18, 16.5% from 18 to 24, 45.4% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 4.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 273.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 332.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $54,118, and the median income for a family was $56,029. Males had a median income of $36,306 versus $26,484 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,050. About 2.0% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over. Historic sites The town is home to the Wade House Historic Site. See also List of towns in Wisconsin References ^ a b "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greenbush, Wisconsin. Official website vteMunicipalities and communities of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United StatesCounty seat: SheboyganCities Plymouth Sheboygan Sheboygan Falls Villages Adell Cascade Cedar Grove Elkhart Lake Glenbeulah Howards Grove Kohler Oostburg Random Lake Waldo Towns Greenbush Herman Holland Lima Lyndon Mitchell Mosel Plymouth Rhine Russell Scott Sheboygan Sheboygan Falls Sherman Wilson CDPs Batavia Gibbsville Greenbush Hingham Othercommunities Ada Beechwood Cranberry Marsh Dacada‡ Edwards Franklin German Corners Gooseville Haven Hayen Hulls Crossing Idlewood Beach Johnsonville Mosel New Paris Ourtown Parnell Rhine Center St. Anna‡ Silver Creek Weedens Formercommunities Kennedys Corners Winooski Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Wisconsin portal United States portal Authority control databases International FAST VIAF National Israel United States
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sheboygan County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheboygan_County,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Sheboygan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheboygan,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan Statistical Area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area"},{"link_name":"Greenbush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenbush_(CDP),_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"German Corners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Corners,_Wisconsin"}],"text":"Town in Wisconsin, United StatesGreenbush is a town in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,773 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The census-designated place of Greenbush is located in the town. The unincorporated community of German Corners is also located in the town.","title":"Greenbush, Wisconsin"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"}],"text":"According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.4 square miles (122.8 km2), of which, 47.2 square miles (122.1 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km2) of it (0.55%) is water.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-2"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Pacific Islander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"text":"As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 2,773 people, 526 households, and 433 families residing in the town. The population density was 58.8 people per square mile (22.7/km2). There were 551 housing units at an average density of 11.7 per square mile (4.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 74.29% White, 23.15% African American, 1.73% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.97% of the population.There were 526 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.9% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.23.In the town, the population was spread out, with 16.1% under the age of 18, 16.5% from 18 to 24, 45.4% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 4.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 273.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 332.3 males.The median income for a household in the town was $54,118, and the median income for a family was $56,029. Males had a median income of $36,306 versus $26,484 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,050. About 2.0% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wade House Historic Site","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_House_Historic_Site"}],"text":"The town is home to the Wade House Historic Site.","title":"Historic sites"}]
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[{"title":"List of towns in Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Wisconsin"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qahtaniyah,_Raqqa_Governorate
Al-Qahtaniyah, Raqqa Governorate
["1 References"]
This article is about the village in Raqqa Governorate in Syria. For other towns with the same name, see Al-Qahtaniyah. Village in Raqqa Governorate, SyriaAl-Qahtaniya القحطانيةVillageAl-QahtaniyaLocation in SyriaCoordinates: 35°59′37″N 38°55′52″E / 35.99361°N 38.93111°E / 35.99361; 38.93111Country SyriaGovernorateRaqqa GovernorateDistrictRaqqa DistrictNahiyahRaqqaPopulation (2004 census) • Total2,490Time zoneUTC+3 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (EEST) Al-Qahtaniya (Arabic: القحطانية) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of Raqqa Governorate, located just northwest of Raqqa. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Qahtaniya had a population of 2,490 in the 2004 census. On 26 December 2012, during the Syrian civil war, Syrian opposition activists reported that 20 people, among them children, were killed in the village of al-Qahtaniyah by Syrian army tank shells. References ^ a b General Census of Population and Housing 2004 Archived 2013-03-09 at the Wayback Machine. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Al-Hasakah Governorate. (in Arabic) ^ "Syria children 'killed' in Raqqa tank attack - Middle East". Al Jazeera English. 2012-12-26. Retrieved 2012-12-26. vte Raqqa GovernorateRaqqa District Raqqa Abu Susah al-Akirshi al-Fariaa Ghirnatah al-Ghutah al-Hamah al-Hamdaniyah Hittin Huwayjat Shinan Huzaymah al-Jabali Judaydat Kahit Judaydat Khabur Kadiran al-Kalitah al-Karamah Kasrat Shaykh al-Jumaa al-Khamisiyah al-Khatuniyah al-Khayyalah al-Sharqiyah Laksun Maadan Maghlah Kabirah Maghlah Saghirah al-Manamah Masaadah Matab al-Burashid al-Namisah al-Nasirah al-Qahtaniyah Rabi'a, Raqqa al-Rabiyah al-Rahibi Ratlah Samrah al-Sabkhah al-Sahel al-Salhabiyah Gharbiyah Shamrah al-Suwaydah Suwaydiyah Kabirah Tell al-Samen Dahham al-Yaarubiyah al-Yarmouk Tell Abyad District Tell Abyad Ain al-Arous al-Amin Ayn Issa Bir Issa Hawaij Saghir Hayshah Tell Hammam Tell al-Kabir Suluk al-Zaazu' Al-Thawrah District Al-Thawrah Dibsi Afnan Dibsi Faraj Fallah Rabu Jaaidin al-Jarniyah Mahmudli al-Mansurah al-Safsafah Shams al-Din Tell Othman
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Al-Qahtaniyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qahtaniyah_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language"},{"link_name":"Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Raqqa Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Raqqa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa"},{"link_name":"Syria Central Bureau of Statistics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Syria)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CBS-1"},{"link_name":"Syrian civil war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war"},{"link_name":"Syrian opposition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_opposition"},{"link_name":"Syrian army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_army"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"This article is about the village in Raqqa Governorate in Syria. For other towns with the same name, see Al-Qahtaniyah.Village in Raqqa Governorate, SyriaAl-Qahtaniya (Arabic: القحطانية) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of Raqqa Governorate, located just northwest of Raqqa. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Qahtaniya had a population of 2,490 in the 2004 census.[1]On 26 December 2012, during the Syrian civil war, Syrian opposition activists reported that 20 people, among them children, were killed in the village of al-Qahtaniyah by Syrian army tank shells.[2]","title":"Al-Qahtaniyah, Raqqa Governorate"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handia,_Madhya_Pradesh
Handia, Madhya Pradesh
["1 History","2 Demographics","3 References"]
Coordinates: 22°29′10″N 76°58′59″E / 22.486°N 76.983°E / 22.486; 76.983 Village in Madhya Pradesh, IndiaHandia Handiya, HindiaVillageHandiaCoordinates: 22°29′10″N 76°58′59″E / 22.486°N 76.983°E / 22.486; 76.983CountryIndiaStateMadhya PradeshDistrictHardaTehsilHandiaElevation276 m (906 ft)Population (2011) • Total4,211Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)Postal Index Number461331STD code07577 Handia is a village in Madhya Pradesh state of India. It is located in the Handiya block and tehsil of the Harda district. Handia is located on the left bank of the Narmada river; Nemawar is located on the opposite side, which belongs to Dewas district. Handia was a prosperous town during the Mughal period. After the Maratha conquest of region, Harda replaced it as the most important town in the area, and Handia was reduced to the status of a village. History In the Mughal chronicles and early British records, the name of Handia often appears as Hindia. During the Mughal period, Handia was a sarkar (subdivision) comprising 23 mahals (smaller divisions), including Harda. The Mughal-era chronicle Chahar Gulshan (1759 CE) mentions Golconda-Asir-Hindia and Hindia-Sironj roads among the 24 important roads of the Mughal empire. Mulla Do-Piyaza was buried in Handia, and his tomb is located here. In 1742, Marathas led by Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao captured the area, and displaced the Muslim governor of the Handia sarkar. Subsequently, Harda replaced Handia as the most important town in the area, as the local Maratha amil (chief) resided at Harda. The British East India Company invaded the area during the Third Anglo-Maratha War and took control of the local fortress for a brief period. The English author Carnaticus, writing in 1820, states: Hindia was formerly a town of considerable note, but now only bears the ruinous and decayed vestiges of its ancient extent and splendour.— Carnaticus, Summary of the Mahratta and Pindarree Campaign (1820) Even after the Maratha defeat in the war, the Scindias retained control of the Harda-Handia tract. Handia was the headquarters of a district in Daulat Rao Sindhia's kingdom. The area was ceded to the British in 1844, but the cession was completed only in 1860. It was a part of the Hoshangabad district, until the Harda district was carved out in 1998. Demographics According to the 2011 census of India, Handia has a population of 4221, which includes 2196 males and 2025 females. The effective literacy rate (age 6 years and above) is 78.2%. References ^ a b c d e District Census Book: Harda (PDF). Directorate of Census Operation, Madhya Pradesh. Retrieved 21 December 2015. ^ Jadunath Sarkar (1901). India of Aurangzib. Kinnera. pp. xv–xcvi. ^ "Mullah do Pyaza's tomb in ruins". rediff.com. 21 December 2000. ^ Carnaticus (1820). Summary of the Mahratta and Pindarree Campaign. E. Williams. pp. 97-99. ^ John Malcolm (1824). A Memoir of Central India, Volume 2. Kingsbury, Parbury & Aleen. p. 495.
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Madhya Pradesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"block","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_development_block"},{"link_name":"tehsil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehsil"},{"link_name":"Harda district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harda_district"},{"link_name":"Narmada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada"},{"link_name":"Nemawar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemawar"},{"link_name":"Dewas district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewas_district"},{"link_name":"Mughal period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire"},{"link_name":"Maratha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_confederacy"},{"link_name":"Harda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harda"}],"text":"Village in Madhya Pradesh, IndiaHandia is a village in Madhya Pradesh state of India. It is located in the Handiya block and tehsil of the Harda district. Handia is located on the left bank of the Narmada river; Nemawar is located on the opposite side, which belongs to Dewas district.Handia was a prosperous town during the Mughal period. After the Maratha conquest of region, Harda replaced it as the most important town in the area, and Handia was reduced to the status of a village.","title":"Handia, Madhya Pradesh"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mughal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire"},{"link_name":"British","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj"},{"link_name":"sarkar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkar_(administrative_division)"},{"link_name":"mahals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahallah"},{"link_name":"Harda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harda"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2011_census-1"},{"link_name":"Chahar Gulshan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chahar_Gulshan"},{"link_name":"Golconda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda"},{"link_name":"Asir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asirgarh_Fort"},{"link_name":"Sironj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sironj"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JS_1901-2"},{"link_name":"Mulla Do-Piyaza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulla_Do-Piyaza"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Marathas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_confederacy"},{"link_name":"Peshwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshwa"},{"link_name":"Balaji Baji Rao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaji_Baji_Rao"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2011_census-1"},{"link_name":"British East India Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Company"},{"link_name":"Third Anglo-Maratha War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Daulat Rao Sindhia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulat_Rao_Sindhia"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Hoshangabad district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoshangabad_district"},{"link_name":"Harda district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harda_district"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2011_census-1"}],"text":"In the Mughal chronicles and early British records, the name of Handia often appears as Hindia. During the Mughal period, Handia was a sarkar (subdivision) comprising 23 mahals (smaller divisions), including Harda.[1] The Mughal-era chronicle Chahar Gulshan (1759 CE) mentions Golconda-Asir-Hindia and Hindia-Sironj roads among the 24 important roads of the Mughal empire.[2] Mulla Do-Piyaza was buried in Handia, and his tomb is located here.[3]In 1742, Marathas led by Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao captured the area, and displaced the Muslim governor of the Handia sarkar. Subsequently, Harda replaced Handia as the most important town in the area, as the local Maratha amil (chief) resided at Harda.[1] The British East India Company invaded the area during the Third Anglo-Maratha War and took control of the local fortress for a brief period. The English author Carnaticus, writing in 1820, states:[4]Hindia was formerly a town of considerable note, but now only bears the ruinous and decayed vestiges of its ancient extent and splendour.— Carnaticus, Summary of the Mahratta and Pindarree Campaign (1820)Even after the Maratha defeat in the war, the Scindias retained control of the Harda-Handia tract. Handia was the headquarters of a district in Daulat Rao Sindhia's kingdom.[5] The area was ceded to the British in 1844, but the cession was completed only in 1860. It was a part of the Hoshangabad district, until the Harda district was carved out in 1998.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2011 census of India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_census_of_India"},{"link_name":"literacy rate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_rate"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2011_census-1"}],"text":"According to the 2011 census of India, Handia has a population of 4221, which includes 2196 males and 2025 females. The effective literacy rate (age 6 years and above) is 78.2%.[1]","title":"Demographics"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"District Census Book: Harda (PDF). Directorate of Census Operation, Madhya Pradesh. Retrieved 21 December 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2331_PART_B_DCHB_HARDA.pdf","url_text":"District Census Book: Harda"}]},{"reference":"Jadunath Sarkar (1901). India of Aurangzib. Kinnera. pp. xv–xcvi.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadunath_Sarkar","url_text":"Jadunath Sarkar"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/indiaofaurangzib034937mbp","url_text":"India of Aurangzib"}]},{"reference":"\"Mullah do Pyaza's tomb in ruins\". rediff.com. 21 December 2000.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/dec/21tomb.htm","url_text":"\"Mullah do Pyaza's tomb in ruins\""}]},{"reference":"Carnaticus (1820). Summary of the Mahratta and Pindarree Campaign. E. Williams. pp. 97-99.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/summarymahratta00carngoog","url_text":"Summary of the Mahratta and Pindarree Campaign"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/summarymahratta00carngoog/page/n106","url_text":"97"}]},{"reference":"John Malcolm (1824). A Memoir of Central India, Volume 2. Kingsbury, Parbury & Aleen. p. 495.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Malcolm","url_text":"John Malcolm"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/amemoircentrali07malcgoog","url_text":"A Memoir of Central India, Volume 2"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/amemoircentrali07malcgoog/page/n502","url_text":"495"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_50_metre_rifle,_prone
Shooting at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone
["1 Medalists","2 Results","3 References"]
Shooting event at the Olympics Men's 50 metre rifle, proneat the Games of the XIV OlympiadVenueLondon, EnglandDate3 AugustCompetitors71 from 26 nationsMedalists Art Cook  United States Walter Tomsen  United States Jonas Jonsson  Sweden← 19361952 → Shooting at the1948 Summer OlympicsRifle300 metre riflemen50 m rifle, pronemenPistol25 m rapid fire pistolmen50 metre pistolmenvte The men's 50 metre rifle, prone was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1948 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 3 August 1948 at the shooting ranges at London. 71 shooters from 26 nations competed. Medalists Gold Silver Bronze Art Cook United States Walter Tomsen United States Jonas Jonsson Sweden Results Place Shooter Total 1  Art Cook (USA) 599 2  Walter Tomsen (USA) 599 3  Jonas Jonsson (SWE) 597 4  Halvor Kongsjorden (NOR) 597 5  Thore Skredegaard (NOR) 597 6  Enrique Baldwin (PER) 596 7  Albert Ravila (FIN) 596 8  Willy Røgeberg (NOR) 596 9  Harry Cail (USA) 596 10  Uno Berg (SWE) 595 11  Gustaf Nielsen (DEN) 595 12  Otto Horber (SUI) 595 13  Antônio Guimarães (BRA) 594 14  Veijo Kaakinen (FIN) 594 15  John Chandler (GBR) 593 16  Onni Hynninen (FIN) 593 17  César Jayme (PHI) 593 18  George Jones (GBR) 592 19  Erland Koch (SWE) 592 20  Georges Gauthier-Lafond (FRA) 592 21  Victor Gilbert (GBR) 591 22  Albert von Einsiedel (PHI) 591 23  Jacques Lafortune (BEL) 591 24  Lucien Genot (FRA) 591 25  George Johnson (PUR) 590 26  Oscar Lozano (MEX) 590 27  M. Bouchez (FRA) 589 28  Manoel Braga (BRA) 589 29  Jan Hendrik Brussaard (NED) 588 30  Gustavo Huet (MEX) 588 31  Orlando Santamaría (CUB) 588 32  Erik Sætter-Lassen (DEN) 588 33  Jacques Delval (BEL) 587 34  Emil Grünig (SUI) 587 35  Augusto Larrabure (PER) 586 36  Michel Ravarino (MON) 586 37  Wilfredo Coto (CUB) 586 38  Ilias Valatas (GRE) 586 39  Marcel Lafortune (BEL) 586 40  Georgios Vikhos (GRE) 586 41  Luis Mantilla (PER) 586 42  Børge Christensen (DEN) 585 43  Martin Gison (PHI) 585 44  Julio Nolasco (ARG) 585 45  João de Faria (BRA) 584 46  Claude Platt (AUS) 584 47  Neville Holt (AUS) 584 48  Antonio Ando (ARG) 584 49  David Schiaffino (ARG) 583 50  Andreas Krapf (AUT) 581 51  Geurt Schoonman (NED) 580 52  Pierre Marsan (MON) 580 53  José de la Torre (MEX) 580 54  Rinaldo Capuzzi (ITA) 579 55  Leo Dove (AUS) 578 56  Mario Ciocco (SUI) 576 57  Abílio Brandão (POR) 576 58  Richard Bohslavsky (AUT) 575 59  Luigi Adami (ITA) 573 60  Ernst Wöll (AUT) 573 61  Christiaan Both (NED) 572 62  Cristóbal Tauler (ESP) 572 63  Carlos Queiroz (POR) 572 64  José Manuel Andoin (ESP) 571 65  Athanasios Aravositas (GRE) 570 66  José da Silva (POR) 570 67  Mahmoud Sakhaie (IRI) 552 68  Roger Abel (MON) 551 69  Farhang Khosro Panah (IRI) 545 70  Salem Salam (LIB) 544 71  Samad Molla Zal (IRI) 511 References ^ "Shooting at the 1948 London Summer Games: Men's Small-Bore Rifle, Prone, 50 metres". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2015. vteOlympic champions in men's 50 metre rifle proneSummary 1912:  Frederick Hird (USA) 1932:  Bertil Rönnmark (SWE) 1936:  Willy Røgeberg (NOR) 1948:  Arthur Cook (USA) 1952:  Iosif Sîrbu (ROU) 1956:  Gerald Ouellette (CAN) 1960:  Peter Kohnke (EUA) 1964:  László Hammerl (HUN) 1968:  Jan Kůrka (TCH) 1972:  Ri Ho-jun (PRK) 1976:  Karlheinz Smieszek (FRG) 1980:  Károly Varga (HUN) 1984:  Edward Etzel (USA) 1988:  Miroslav Varga (TCH) 1992:  Lee Eun-chul (KOR) 1996:  Christian Klees (GER) 2000:  Jonas Edman (SWE) 2004:  Matthew Emmons (USA) 2008:  Artur Ayvazyan (UKR) 2012:  Sergei Martynov (BLR) 2016:  Henri Junghänel (GER)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"50 metre rifle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_metre_rifle_prone"},{"link_name":"prone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prone_position"},{"link_name":"shooting sports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_sports"},{"link_name":"Shooting at the 1948 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics"},{"link_name":"London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sports-reference-1"}],"text":"The men's 50 metre rifle, prone was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1948 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 3 August 1948 at the shooting ranges at London. 71 shooters from 26 nations competed.[1]","title":"Shooting at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Medalists"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Results"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_W._Brevard,_Jr.
Theodore W. Brevard Jr.
["1 Early life and political career","2 Military career","3 Capture","4 Later life and death","5 See also","6 Footnotes","7 References"]
American politician Theodore W. BrevardTheodore Washington BrevardBirth nameTheodore Washington Brevard Jr.Born(1835-08-26)August 26, 1835Tuskegee, AlabamaDiedJune 20, 1882(1882-06-20) (aged 46)Tallahassee, FloridaBuriedSt. John's Episcopal Church CemeteryAllegiance Confederate States of AmericaService/branch Confederate States ArmyYears of service1861–1865RankBrigadier generalCommands held 2nd Florida Infantry Battalion 11th Florida Infantry RegimentSpouse(s)Mary CallOther workLawyer Brevard pictured with fellow Confederate officers at Tallahassee, Florida Theodore Washington Brevard Jr. (August 26, 1835 – June 20, 1882) was best known for having served as a military officer in the Confederate States Army. During his tenure with the Confederate army, he eventually reached the rank of Brigadier-General. Brevard was captured by the forces of General George Custer and imprisoned at Johnson's Island. He later died in 1882. He was the son of Judge Theodorus W. Brevard, the namesake of Brevard County, Florida and Caroline E. Mays Brevard. He was the son-in-law of Florida territorial governor Richard K. Call. The historian and educator Caroline Mays Brevard was his daughter. Early life and political career Theodore Washington Brevard Jr. was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on August 26, 1835, and studied law at the University of Virginia. He was admitted to the Florida bar in 1858, and later served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1858 to 1859, and in the Florida Senate representing the 10th district from 1865 to 1866. On April 14, 1859, he married Mary Call, the daughter of Richard Keith Call. The wedding took place at The Grove, which was the residence of his sister-in-law Ellen Call Long. In June 1860, Brevard was appointed adjutant and inspector-general for the state of Florida. At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, he resigned from this post to enter active service, feeling that "he was too young a man to hold a safe and easy position whiles others were in peril". Military career Brevard started his military service as the First Lieutenant, under command of Captain John Parkhill, in a company of Florida Mounted Volunteers, called the "Leon Volunteers". The company of three officers and 76 soldiers mustered into service at Tallahassee in July 1857 and promptly moved to Fort Myers where they searched for Seminoles hiding in the Everglades. On November 26 Captain Parkhill led a force to burn Seminole crops near Royal Palm Hammock. The next day he led a six-man patrol searching for Indian trails. His patrol was ambushed and he and five soldiers were killed. First Lieutenant Brevard took command after Parkhill's death and was promoted to Captain. The company mustered out of service in Tallahassee on January 28, 1858, and Brevard was promoted to Major and served as the Adjutant General of Florida's militia. When Florida Governor John Milton stood up the 2nd Florida Infantry of ten companies, Major Brevard had been serving as adjutant general of the militia. He resigned, commissioned as a captain, and raised an infantry company in Tallahassee called the Leon Volunteers, Company D, 2nd Florida. His company, with the 2nd Florida, rendezvoused near the Brick Church, just west of Jacksonville, now a neighborhood known as LaVilla. They were mustered into Confederate service on July 13, 1861, and organized by the election of their commander, Colonel George Taliaferro Ward of Leon County. Two days later, on Monday, July 15 the Regiment left by rail for Richmond, Virginia. They arrived Sunday afternoon, July 21, the same day that the Battle of First Manassas was fought some 100 miles to the north. The Regiment was in a Camp of Instruction in the neighborhood of Richmond where they trained for nearly two months. On September 17, 1861, the Regiment left Richmond for Yorktown. Captain Brevard fought with Leon Rifles in the Siege of Yorktown and at the Battle of Williamsburg. Brevard in the 11th Shortly after Williamsburg, the 2nd Florida held new officer elections and Captain Brevard left the 2nd Florida, returning to Florida in the summer of 1862. Brevard served for a short time certifying and mustering units until he was appointed Major and formed a cavalry battalion known as Brevard's Partisan Rangers which consisted of four companies. Brevard's Battalion fought in skirmishes around Jacksonville during 1863. His battalion was increased to five companies and Brevard promoted to Lieutenant Colonel shortly. On February 20, 1864, the battalion fought with Finegan's Brigade at the Battle of Olustee where they repulsed the Union advance from Jacksonville on Tallahassee. Shortly after the battle, Finegan's Brigade, of which Brevard's Battalion was a part of, was ordered to Virginia. On May 17 the unit left for Richmond by train, arriving on May 25. Finegan's troops and Perry's Florida Brigade consolidated and fought in the Battle of Cold Harbor on May 28. On June 8, the Brigade reorganized and the 11th Florida Infantry was created with Brevard appointed its Colonel and commander. After the battle, the 11th Florida, with Finegan's Brigade marched to Petersburg where they joined the defense. Colonel Brevard and the 11th Florida fought in the Weldon Railroad where Brevard learned of the death of his younger brother, Lieutenant Mays Brevard. Colonel Brevard led the 11th Florida through the Battle of Ream's Station on June 23, the Battle of Globe Tavern on August 21, the Battle of Belfield on December 9, 1864, and the Battle of Hatcher's Run, February 5–7, 1865. Brevard took command of the Florida Brigade on March 22, 1865, leading it until he and his command were captured at the Battle of Sailor's Creek on April 6, 1865, just 3 days shy of General Lee's surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox. Capture Upon the resignation of General Finegan, Brevard was made a brigadier-general, making him the last Confederate General appointed by President Davis. On 6 April 1865, while leading a contingent of men from the 5th, 8th and 11th Florida regiments to break a flank movement of the enemy, Brevard and his men were captured by General George Custer's cavalry. Brevard was sent to Washington and later to Johnson's Island where he was imprisoned until his release in August 1865. The Union army had not realized that they had captured General Brevard, they thought they had captured Colonel Brevard. Despite Custer's habit of enumerating all of his battlefield prizes, no federal provost marshal had counted Brevard as a General. Quite possibly, Brevard had no idea he was a General himself, as his March 28 commission to the post had not reached him due to the chaos of the retreat, and he may not have discovered that he was a general until the war was over. Later life and death Brevard bought a house in 1875 near the Grove at 622 North Monroe St. The house was built in 1833 for Francis Eppes. Brevard died on June 20, 1882 in Tallahassee, Florida. See also List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate) American Civil War portalBiography portal Footnotes ^ a b "Theodore Washington Brevard". Civil War Reference. Retrieved 21 June 2011. ^ a b c Warner 1989, p. 35 ^ The People of Lawmaking in Florida ^ a b Evans 2004, p. 162 ^ Florida Department of Military Affairs, Special Archives Publication Number 68, Florida Militia Muster Rolls: Seminole Indian Wars, Vol. 2, https://archive.org/details/floridamilitiamu02morr ^ a b Roberston, F. L., 1903. Soldiers of Florida in the Seminole Indian-Civil and Spanish–American Wars. Live Oak, Florida: Democrat Print. Found at: https://archive.org/details/soldiersofflorid00flor ^ a b c Evans 2004, p. 163 ^ Waters, Zack C.; Edmonds, James C. (2013). A Small but Spartan Band: The Florida Brigade in Lee's Army of Northern Virginia (First ed.). University Alabama Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0817357740. ^ Dickinson, J.J. (1899). "Military History of Florida". In Evans, Cement Anslem (ed.). Confederate military history; a library of Confederate States history (PDF). Vol. 11. Atlanta: Confederate Publishing Co. p. 160. ^ a b c Marvel 2006, p. 92 References Evans, Clement (1899). Confederate military history: a library of Confederate States history, Volume 11. Confederate Pub. Co. Evans, Clement (2004). Confederate Military History: A Library of Confederate States History, Written by Distinguished Men of the South, Volume 11. The Minerva Group, Inc. p. 504. ISBN 1-4102-1382-X. Marvel, William (2006). Lee's last retreat: the flight to Appomattox. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-5703-3. Warner, Ezra J. (1989). Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. p. 420. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theodore Washington Brevard Jr..
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Theodore_Washington_Brevard_(back_right),_and_other_Confederate_officers_-_Tallahassee,_Florida.jpg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CWR-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Warner-2"},{"link_name":"Confederate States Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army"},{"link_name":"George Custer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Custer"},{"link_name":"Johnson's Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%27s_Island"},{"link_name":"Theodorus W. Brevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodorus_W._Brevard"},{"link_name":"Brevard County, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brevard_County,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Richard K. Call","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_K._Call"},{"link_name":"Caroline Mays Brevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Mays_Brevard"}],"text":"Brevard pictured with fellow Confederate officers at Tallahassee, FloridaTheodore Washington Brevard Jr. (August 26, 1835 – June 20, 1882)[1][2] was best known for having served as a military officer in the Confederate States Army. During his tenure with the Confederate army, he eventually reached the rank of Brigadier-General. Brevard was captured by the forces of General George Custer and imprisoned at Johnson's Island. He later died in 1882.He was the son of Judge Theodorus W. Brevard, the namesake of Brevard County, Florida and Caroline E. Mays Brevard. He was the son-in-law of Florida territorial governor Richard K. Call. The historian and educator Caroline Mays Brevard was his daughter.","title":"Theodore W. Brevard Jr."},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tuskegee, Alabama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee,_Alabama"},{"link_name":"University of Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Virginia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Warner-2"},{"link_name":"Florida House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"Florida Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Senate"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lof-3"},{"link_name":"The Grove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grove_Plantation"},{"link_name":"Ellen Call Long","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Call_Long"},{"link_name":"adjutant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjutant"},{"link_name":"inspector-general","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspector-general"},{"link_name":"state of Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Florida"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF1-4"},{"link_name":"Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF1-4"}],"text":"Theodore Washington Brevard Jr. was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on August 26, 1835, and studied law at the University of Virginia.[2] He was admitted to the Florida bar in 1858, and later served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1858 to 1859, and in the Florida Senate representing the 10th district from 1865 to 1866.[3]On April 14, 1859, he married Mary Call, the daughter of Richard Keith Call. The wedding took place at The Grove, which was the residence of his sister-in-law Ellen Call Long.In June 1860, Brevard was appointed adjutant and inspector-general for the state of Florida.[4] At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, he resigned from this post to enter active service, feeling that \"he was too young a man to hold a safe and easy position whiles others were in peril\".[4]","title":"Early life and political career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fort Myers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Myers,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"2nd Florida Infantry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Florida_Infantry"},{"link_name":"LaVilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVilla"},{"link_name":"George Taliaferro Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Taliaferro_Ward"},{"link_name":"Siege of Yorktown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown_(1862)"},{"link_name":"Battle of Williamsburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Williamsburg"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-archive.org-6"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brevard,_Theodore,_Commander,_11th_Florida_Infantry,_Civil_War,_Tallahassee,_Florida.jpg"},{"link_name":"Battle of Olustee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Olustee"},{"link_name":"Perry's Florida Brigade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Brigade_of_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Battle of Cold Harbor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor"},{"link_name":"11th Florida Infantry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Florida_Infantry"},{"link_name":"Weldon Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem_Plank_Road"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF3-7"},{"link_name":"Battle of Ream's Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ream%27s_Station"},{"link_name":"Battle of Globe Tavern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Globe_Tavern"},{"link_name":"Battle of Belfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Belfield&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Battle of Hatcher's Run","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hatcher%27s_Run"},{"link_name":"Battle of Sailor's Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sailor%27s_Creek"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-archive.org-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF3-7"}],"text":"Brevard started his military service as the First Lieutenant, under command of Captain John Parkhill, in a company of Florida Mounted Volunteers, called the \"Leon Volunteers\". The company of three officers and 76 soldiers mustered into service at Tallahassee in July 1857 and promptly moved to Fort Myers where they searched for Seminoles hiding in the Everglades. On November 26 Captain Parkhill led a force to burn Seminole crops near Royal Palm Hammock. The next day he led a six-man patrol searching for Indian trails. His patrol was ambushed and he and five soldiers were killed. First Lieutenant Brevard took command after Parkhill's death and was promoted to Captain. The company mustered out of service in Tallahassee on January 28, 1858, and Brevard was promoted to Major and served as the Adjutant General of Florida's militia.[5]When Florida Governor John Milton stood up the 2nd Florida Infantry of ten companies, Major Brevard had been serving as adjutant general of the militia. He resigned, commissioned as a captain, and raised an infantry company in Tallahassee called the Leon Volunteers, Company D, 2nd Florida. His company, with the 2nd Florida, rendezvoused near the Brick Church, just west of Jacksonville, now a neighborhood known as LaVilla. They were mustered into Confederate service on July 13, 1861, and organized by the election of their commander, Colonel George Taliaferro Ward of Leon County. Two days later, on Monday, July 15 the Regiment left by rail for Richmond, Virginia. They arrived Sunday afternoon, July 21, the same day that the Battle of First Manassas was fought some 100 miles to the north. The Regiment was in a Camp of Instruction in the neighborhood of Richmond where they trained for nearly two months. On September 17, 1861, the Regiment left Richmond for Yorktown. Captain Brevard fought with Leon Rifles in the Siege of Yorktown and at the Battle of Williamsburg.[6]Brevard in the 11thShortly after Williamsburg, the 2nd Florida held new officer elections and Captain Brevard left the 2nd Florida, returning to Florida in the summer of 1862. Brevard served for a short time certifying and mustering units until he was appointed Major and formed a cavalry battalion known as Brevard's Partisan Rangers which consisted of four companies. Brevard's Battalion fought in skirmishes around Jacksonville during 1863. His battalion was increased to five companies and Brevard promoted to Lieutenant Colonel shortly. On February 20, 1864, the battalion fought with Finegan's Brigade at the Battle of Olustee where they repulsed the Union advance from Jacksonville on Tallahassee. Shortly after the battle, Finegan's Brigade, of which Brevard's Battalion was a part of, was ordered to Virginia. On May 17 the unit left for Richmond by train, arriving on May 25. Finegan's troops and Perry's Florida Brigade consolidated and fought in the Battle of Cold Harbor on May 28. On June 8, the Brigade reorganized and the 11th Florida Infantry was created with Brevard appointed its Colonel and commander. After the battle, the 11th Florida, with Finegan's Brigade marched to Petersburg where they joined the defense. Colonel Brevard and the 11th Florida fought in the Weldon Railroad where Brevard learned of the death of his younger brother, Lieutenant Mays Brevard.[7] Colonel Brevard led the 11th Florida through the Battle of Ream's Station on June 23, the Battle of Globe Tavern on August 21, the Battle of Belfield on December 9, 1864, and the Battle of Hatcher's Run, February 5–7, 1865. Brevard took command of the Florida Brigade on March 22, 1865, leading it until he and his command were captured at the Battle of Sailor's Creek on April 6, 1865, just 3 days shy of General Lee's surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox.[6][7]","title":"Military career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"brigadier-general","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigadier_general_(CSA)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"George Custer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC"},{"link_name":"Johnson's Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%27s_Island"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF3-7"},{"link_name":"Union army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_army"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF4-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF4-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CITEREF4-10"}],"text":"Upon the resignation of General Finegan, Brevard was made a brigadier-general, making him the last Confederate General appointed by President Davis.[8] On 6 April 1865, while leading a contingent of men from the 5th, 8th and 11th Florida regiments to break a flank movement of the enemy, Brevard and his men were captured by General George Custer's cavalry.[9] Brevard was sent to Washington and later to Johnson's Island where he was imprisoned until his release in August 1865.[7] The Union army had not realized that they had captured General Brevard, they thought they had captured Colonel Brevard.[10] Despite Custer's habit of enumerating all of his battlefield prizes, no federal provost marshal had counted Brevard as a General.[10] Quite possibly, Brevard had no idea he was a General himself, as his March 28 commission to the post had not reached him due to the chaos of the retreat, and he may not have discovered that he was a general until the war was over.[10]","title":"Capture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Francis Eppes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Eppes"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CWR-1"},{"link_name":"Tallahassee, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Warner-2"}],"text":"Brevard bought a house in 1875 near the Grove at 622 North Monroe St. The house was built in 1833 for Francis Eppes. Brevard died on June 20, 1882[1] in Tallahassee, Florida.[2]","title":"Later life and death"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CWR_1-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CWR_1-1"},{"link_name":"\"Theodore Washington Brevard\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.civilwarreference.com/people/index.php?peopleID=627"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Warner_2-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Warner_2-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Warner_2-2"},{"link_name":"Warner 1989","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFWarner1989"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-lof_3-0"},{"link_name":"The People of Lawmaking in Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.myfloridahouse.gov/FileStores/Web/HouseContent/Approved/Announcements/Uploads/Documents/People_of_Lawmaking_in_Florida.pdf"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF1_4-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF1_4-1"},{"link_name":"Evans 2004","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFEvans2004"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"https://archive.org/details/floridamilitiamu02morr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/floridamilitiamu02morr"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-archive.org_6-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-archive.org_6-1"},{"link_name":"https://archive.org/details/soldiersofflorid00flor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/soldiersofflorid00flor"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF3_7-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF3_7-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF3_7-2"},{"link_name":"Evans 2004","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFEvans2004"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0817357740","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0817357740"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-9"},{"link_name":"Confederate military history; a library of Confederate States history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/download/confedmilhist11evanrich/confedmilhist11evanrich.pdf"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF4_10-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF4_10-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CITEREF4_10-2"},{"link_name":"Marvel 2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFMarvel2006"}],"text":"^ a b \"Theodore Washington Brevard\". Civil War Reference. Retrieved 21 June 2011.\n\n^ a b c Warner 1989, p. 35\n\n^ The People of Lawmaking in Florida\n\n^ a b Evans 2004, p. 162\n\n^ Florida Department of Military Affairs, Special Archives Publication Number 68, Florida Militia Muster Rolls: Seminole Indian Wars, Vol. 2, https://archive.org/details/floridamilitiamu02morr\n\n^ a b Roberston, F. L., 1903. Soldiers of Florida in the Seminole Indian-Civil and Spanish–American Wars. Live Oak, Florida: Democrat Print. Found at: https://archive.org/details/soldiersofflorid00flor\n\n^ a b c Evans 2004, p. 163\n\n^ Waters, Zack C.; Edmonds, James C. (2013). A Small but Spartan Band: The Florida Brigade in Lee's Army of Northern Virginia (First ed.). University Alabama Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0817357740.\n\n^ Dickinson, J.J. (1899). \"Military History of Florida\". In Evans, Cement Anslem (ed.). Confederate military history; a library of Confederate States history (PDF). Vol. 11. Atlanta: Confederate Publishing Co. p. 160.\n\n^ a b c Marvel 2006, p. 92","title":"Footnotes"}]
[{"image_text":"Brevard pictured with fellow Confederate officers at Tallahassee, Florida","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Portrait_of_Theodore_Washington_Brevard_%28back_right%29%2C_and_other_Confederate_officers_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Theodore_Washington_Brevard_%28back_right%29%2C_and_other_Confederate_officers_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg"},{"image_text":"Brevard in the 11th","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Brevard%2C_Theodore%2C_Commander%2C_11th_Florida_Infantry%2C_Civil_War%2C_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/160px-Brevard%2C_Theodore%2C_Commander%2C_11th_Florida_Infantry%2C_Civil_War%2C_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg"}]
[{"title":"List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_generals_(Acting_Confederate)"},{"title":"American Civil War portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War"},{"title":"Biography portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Church,_Edinburgh
St Patrick's Church, Edinburgh
["1 History","1.1 Before the Church","1.2 Construction","1.3 Extensions","1.4 Developments","2 Archaeology","3 Notable persons","4 Parish","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
Coordinates: 55°56′59″N 3°11′05″W / 55.9498°N 3.1846°W / 55.9498; -3.1846 Church in Edinburgh, United KingdomSt Patrick's ChurchSt Patrick's ChurchLocation in Edinburgh55°56′59″N 3°11′05″W / 55.9498°N 3.1846°W / 55.9498; -3.1846LocationOld Town, EdinburghCountryUnited KingdomDenominationRoman CatholicWebsiteStPatricksParish.co.ukHistoryStatusParish churchDedicationSaint PatrickEventsFacade added in 1929ArchitectureFunctional statusActiveHeritage designationCategory B listedDesignated14 December 1970Architect(s)John Baxter, James Graham Fairley and Reginald FairlieStyleNeoclassicalGroundbreaking1772Completed1774Construction cost£4,000AdministrationProvinceSt Andrews and EdinburghArchdioceseSt Andrews and EdinburghDeanerySt Giles St Patrick's Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in the Cowgate part of Old Town, Edinburgh, Scotland. It was built from 1771 to 1774, and became a Catholic church in 1856. The facade of the church was designed by Reginald Fairlie in 1929. It is situated between South Gray's Close and St Mary's Street north of Cowgate and south of the Royal Mile. It is a category B listed building. History Interior Before the Church The first records of the site are property deeds from 1503 to 1531 when it was a waste strip of land. When Archbishop James Beaton built his palace a short distance west of the church in 1509, he also purchased much of this waste. Later Mary Queen of Scots’ Italian servant Francisco de Busso owned part of it. The north part of the church sites was owned, in the late 16th to early 17th centuries, by Dr John Naysmith, surgeon to James VI. The judge Sir James Elphinstone of Logie built ‘Elphinstone Court’ here in the 1670s. The Episcopal Congregation then bought most of the land in 1770 for the construction of the Cowgate Chapel which was built in 1771. Construction Designed by John Baxter, the original church was built from June 1772 to 1774 as a place of worship for the Scottish Episcopal Church. In 1818, the church building became part of the United Presbyterian Church. The Scottish Episcopal Church commissioned Alexander Runciman to produce a series of murals for the church. These were installed but covered over by the Presbyterian congregation. The murals were then forgotten until Duncan Macmillan discovered the murals' existence during the 1960s. Since then, some of the murals have been recovered and remain on the east side of the apse and depict the Parable of the Prodigal Son, Elijah, Moses, Jesus and the Samaritan Woman, and the Ascension of Jesus. As of August 2018, the restoration of the murals remains underway. In 1856, the church was bought by the Apostolic Vicar of the Eastern District, Bishop James Gillis. The cost of £4,000 was borne half by the local congregation and half by the Catholic Church. On 3 August 1856, the church was opened in a Mass presided over by Bishop Gillis. Extensions In 1898, the sanctuary for the church was remodelled and a new high altar was installed. It was designed by James Graham Fairley. In 1921, the mortuary chapel was built in memory of the parishioners who died in World War I. From 1924 to 1925, two chapels were built in the church, the Lady Chapel and the Sacred Heart Chapel. In 1929, the front church facade was built. It was designed by Reginald Fairlie and included statues of St Patrick and St Brigid. Developments In 2001, priests from the Redemptorists came to serve the parish. On 21 November 2014, after 13 years in Edinburgh, the Redemptorists left and the parish returned to the care of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh. In September 2023, the church became home to a group of priests discerning community life in the Oratorian tradition. Archaeology Excavations in the grounds of the Church, were undertaken by Headland Archaeology from 2006 to 2007 on behalf of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh in advance of the construction of a hotel on part of the church grounds. These excavations reveled aspects of the development of the Cowgate. It was found that flash floods swept through this part of Cowgate up until the development of the medieval town of Edinburgh in the 11th-12th centuries. In the 14th century, a substantial ditch, believed to be the medieval town boundary, was cut across the site. The ditch was a stinking rubbish dump full of human and animal waste. Later, the ditch was filled in and buildings were eventual built over the site in the 17th century onwards before the church was built. Notable persons Canon Edward Joseph Hannan (1836-1891) ran the church for most of his life and founded Hibernian Football Club during this period Canon John Gray, (1866-1934) poet and priest associate of Oscar Wilde, curate and later founder of St Peter's Morningside. Margaret Sinclair (1900 - 1925) - nun, as Sister Mary Francis of the Five Wounds, declared Venerable in 1978. The National Shrine of the Venerable Margaret Sinclair is located within St Patrick's. James Connolly (Irish revolutionary) (5 June 1868 – 12 May 1916) born in Scotland to Irish parents. Parish On 6 August 1875, Hibernian F.C. was founded at the Catholic Institute, commonly known as St. Mary's Street Halls, by St Patrick's Catholic Young Men Society (CYMS). The parish priest Fr Edward Joseph Hannan and Michael Whelahan from the parish's CYMS decided to create the football club. On 17 March 2013 (St Patrick's Day), a plaque commemorating this founding of the club was presented to the church by the Hibernian Supporters Club. The church has three Sunday Masses; they are at 9:00am, 11:00am and 4:30pm on Sunday. See also Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh References ^ a b c 5 South Gray's Close, St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, Edinburgh from British Listed Buildings, retrieved 30 June 2016 ^ a b Parishes from Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh, retrieved 30 June 2016 ^ Edinburgh, Cowgate, St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church from Canmore, retrieved 30 June 2016 ^ a b "Vol 42 (2011): Through the Cowgatelife in 15th-century Edinburgh as revealed by excavations at St Patrick's Church | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 18 August 2021. ^ Grant's Old and New Edinburgh vol.2 p.277 ^ a b Miller, Phil (3 August 2018). "Hidden for 200 years: a unique Scottish artwork is being uncovered in an Edinburgh church". The Herald. Retrieved 21 November 2019. ^ The Church from StPatricksParish.co.uk, retrieved 30 June 2016 ^ James Graham Fairley from Dictionary of Scottish Architects, retrieved 30 May 2021 ^ 13 years in Edinburgh came to an end from Redemptorists.co.uk, 3 January 2015, retrieved 9 March 2021 ^ Hibs’ Fans Present Plaque to St Patrick’s Parish Church from The Edinburgh Reporter, 18 March 2013, retrieved 30 June 2016 External links Media related to St Patrick's Church, Cowgate at Wikimedia Commons St Patrick's Parish site vteRedemptorists in Britain Current Erdington Abbey Redemptorist Publications St Mary's Church, Clapham St Mary's Monastery, Kinnoull Our Lady of the Annunciation Church, Liverpool St Mary's Church, Woolton Former Hawkstone Hall St Patrick's Church, Edinburgh St Benet's Church, Sunderland St Hilda's Church, Sunderland  Catholicism portal  United Kingdom portal
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"Parish church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish_church"},{"link_name":"Cowgate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowgate"},{"link_name":"Old Town, Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"Reginald Fairlie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fairlie"},{"link_name":"Royal Mile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Mile"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Church in Edinburgh, United KingdomSt Patrick's Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in the Cowgate part of Old Town, Edinburgh, Scotland. It was built from 1771 to 1774, and became a Catholic church in 1856. The facade of the church was designed by Reginald Fairlie in 1929. It is situated between South Gray's Close and St Mary's Street north of Cowgate and south of the Royal Mile. It is a category B listed building.[3]","title":"St Patrick's Church, Edinburgh"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Patrick%27s_Church_interior_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1339713.jpg"}],"text":"Interior","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Archbishop James Beaton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beaton_(archbishop_of_Glasgow)"},{"link_name":"Mary Queen of Scots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots"},{"link_name":"James VI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"Before the Church","text":"The first records of the site are property deeds from 1503 to 1531 when it was a waste strip of land. When Archbishop James Beaton built his palace a short distance west of the church in 1509, he also purchased much of this waste. Later Mary Queen of Scots’ Italian servant Francisco de Busso owned part of it.The north part of the church sites was owned, in the late 16th to early 17th centuries, by Dr John Naysmith, surgeon to James VI. The judge Sir James Elphinstone of Logie built ‘Elphinstone Court’ here in the 1670s. The Episcopal Congregation then bought most of the land in 1770 for the construction of the Cowgate Chapel which was built in 1771.[4][5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scottish Episcopal Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church"},{"link_name":"United Presbyterian Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_(Scotland)"},{"link_name":"Alexander Runciman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Runciman"},{"link_name":"Duncan Macmillan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Macmillan_(art_historian)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-6"},{"link_name":"apse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apse"},{"link_name":"Parable of the Prodigal Son","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son"},{"link_name":"Elijah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah"},{"link_name":"Moses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses"},{"link_name":"Jesus and the Samaritan Woman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well"},{"link_name":"Ascension of Jesus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-list-1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-6"},{"link_name":"Apostolic Vicar of the Eastern District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicariate_Apostolic_of_the_Eastern_District_(Scotland)"},{"link_name":"Bishop James Gillis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gillis_(bishop)"},{"link_name":"congregation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_(congregation)"},{"link_name":"Mass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"Construction","text":"Designed by John Baxter, the original church was built from June 1772 to 1774 as a place of worship for the Scottish Episcopal Church. In 1818, the church building became part of the United Presbyterian Church. The Scottish Episcopal Church commissioned Alexander Runciman to produce a series of murals for the church. These were installed but covered over by the Presbyterian congregation. The murals were then forgotten until Duncan Macmillan discovered the murals' existence during the 1960s.[6] Since then, some of the murals have been recovered and remain on the east side of the apse and depict the Parable of the Prodigal Son, Elijah, Moses, Jesus and the Samaritan Woman, and the Ascension of Jesus.[1] As of August 2018, the restoration of the murals remains underway.[6]In 1856, the church was bought by the Apostolic Vicar of the Eastern District, Bishop James Gillis. The cost of £4,000 was borne half by the local congregation and half by the Catholic Church. On 3 August 1856, the church was opened in a Mass presided over by Bishop Gillis.[7]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sanctuary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancel"},{"link_name":"high altar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_altar"},{"link_name":"James Graham Fairley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Graham_Fairley"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"Reginald Fairlie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fairlie"},{"link_name":"St Patrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patrick"},{"link_name":"St Brigid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-list-1"}],"sub_title":"Extensions","text":"In 1898, the sanctuary for the church was remodelled and a new high altar was installed. It was designed by James Graham Fairley.[8] In 1921, the mortuary chapel was built in memory of the parishioners who died in World War I. From 1924 to 1925, two chapels were built in the church, the Lady Chapel and the Sacred Heart Chapel. In 1929, the front church facade was built. It was designed by Reginald Fairlie and included statues of St Patrick and St Brigid.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Redemptorists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redemptorists"},{"link_name":"Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_St_Andrews_and_Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Oratorian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Oratory"}],"sub_title":"Developments","text":"In 2001, priests from the Redemptorists came to serve the parish. On 21 November 2014, after 13 years in Edinburgh, the Redemptorists left and the parish returned to the care of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh.[9]In September 2023, the church became home to a group of priests discerning community life in the Oratorian tradition.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Headland Archaeology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headland_Archaeology"},{"link_name":"Cowgate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowgate"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"}],"text":"Excavations in the grounds of the Church, were undertaken by Headland Archaeology from 2006 to 2007 on behalf of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh in advance of the construction of a hotel on part of the church grounds. These excavations reveled aspects of the development of the Cowgate.It was found that flash floods swept through this part of Cowgate up until the development of the medieval town of Edinburgh in the 11th-12th centuries. In the 14th century, a substantial ditch, believed to be the medieval town boundary, was cut across the site. The ditch was a stinking rubbish dump full of human and animal waste. Later, the ditch was filled in and buildings were eventual built over the site in the 17th century onwards before the church was built.[4]","title":"Archaeology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edward Joseph Hannan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Joseph_Hannan"},{"link_name":"Hibernian Football Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernian_Football_Club"},{"link_name":"John Gray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gray_(poet)"},{"link_name":"Oscar Wilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Wilde"},{"link_name":"St Peter's Morningside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"Margaret Sinclair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sinclair_(nun)"},{"link_name":"Venerable","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venerable"},{"link_name":"James Connolly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Connolly"}],"text":"Canon Edward Joseph Hannan (1836-1891) ran the church for most of his life and founded Hibernian Football Club during this period\nCanon John Gray, (1866-1934) poet and priest associate of Oscar Wilde, curate and later founder of St Peter's Morningside.\nMargaret Sinclair (1900 - 1925) - nun, as Sister Mary Francis of the Five Wounds, declared Venerable in 1978. The National Shrine of the Venerable Margaret Sinclair is located within St Patrick's.\nJames Connolly (Irish revolutionary) (5 June 1868 – 12 May 1916) born in Scotland to Irish parents.","title":"Notable persons"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hibernian F.C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernian_F.C."},{"link_name":"parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dir-2"}],"text":"On 6 August 1875, Hibernian F.C. was founded at the Catholic Institute, commonly known as St. Mary's Street Halls, by St Patrick's Catholic Young Men Society (CYMS). The parish priest Fr Edward Joseph Hannan and Michael Whelahan from the parish's CYMS decided to create the football club. On 17 March 2013 (St Patrick's Day), a plaque commemorating this founding of the club was presented to the church by the Hibernian Supporters Club.[10]The church has three Sunday Masses; they are at 9:00am, 11:00am and 4:30pm on Sunday.[2]","title":"Parish"}]
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[{"title":"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_St_Andrews_and_Edinburgh"}]
[{"reference":"\"Vol 42 (2011): Through the Cowgatelife in 15th-century Edinburgh as revealed by excavations at St Patrick's Church | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 18 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/70","url_text":"\"Vol 42 (2011): Through the Cowgatelife in 15th-century Edinburgh as revealed by excavations at St Patrick's Church | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""}]},{"reference":"Miller, Phil (3 August 2018). \"Hidden for 200 years: a unique Scottish artwork is being uncovered in an Edinburgh church\". The Herald. Retrieved 21 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16395722.hidden-for-200-years-a-unique-scottish-artwork-is-being-uncovered-in-an-edinburgh-church/","url_text":"\"Hidden for 200 years: a unique Scottish artwork is being uncovered in an Edinburgh church\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)","url_text":"The Herald"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St_Patrick%27s_Church,_Edinburgh&params=55.9498_N_3.1846_W_region:GB_type:landmark","external_links_name":"55°56′59″N 3°11′05″W / 55.9498°N 3.1846°W / 55.9498; -3.1846"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St_Patrick%27s_Church,_Edinburgh&params=55.9498_N_3.1846_W_region:GB_type:landmark","external_links_name":"55°56′59″N 3°11′05″W / 55.9498°N 3.1846°W / 55.9498; -3.1846"},{"Link":"http://www.stpatricksparish.co.uk/","external_links_name":"StPatricksParish.co.uk"},{"Link":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/sc-27498-5-south-gray-s-close-st-patrick-s-roman-c","external_links_name":"5 South Gray's Close, St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, Edinburgh"},{"Link":"http://www.archdiocese-edinburgh.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=278&Itemid=59","external_links_name":"Parishes"},{"Link":"https://canmore.org.uk/site/52321/edinburgh-cowgate-st-patricks-roman-catholic-church","external_links_name":"Edinburgh, Cowgate, St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church"},{"Link":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/70","external_links_name":"\"Vol 42 (2011): Through the Cowgatelife in 15th-century Edinburgh as revealed by excavations at St Patrick's Church | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""},{"Link":"https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16395722.hidden-for-200-years-a-unique-scottish-artwork-is-being-uncovered-in-an-edinburgh-church/","external_links_name":"\"Hidden for 200 years: a unique Scottish artwork is being uncovered in an Edinburgh church\""},{"Link":"http://www.stpatricksparish.co.uk/the-church/","external_links_name":"The Church"},{"Link":"http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=201023","external_links_name":"James Graham Fairley"},{"Link":"http://www.redemptorists.co.uk/news/news-archive/151-news-2015/1247-13-years-in-edinburgh-came-to-an-end.html","external_links_name":"13 years in Edinburgh came to an end"},{"Link":"http://www.theedinburghreporter.co.uk/2013/03/hibs-fans-present-plaque-to-st-patricks-parish-church/","external_links_name":"Hibs’ Fans Present Plaque to St Patrick’s Parish Church"},{"Link":"http://www.stpatricksparish.co.uk/","external_links_name":"St Patrick's Parish site"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooring,_Texas
Mooring, Texas
["1 History","2 Geography","3 Education","4 References"]
Coordinates: 30°41′23″N 96°33′20″W / 30.68972°N 96.55556°W / 30.68972; -96.55556 Unincorporated community in Texas, United StatesMooring, TexasUnincorporated communityMooringShow map of TexasMooringShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 30°41′23″N 96°33′20″W / 30.68972°N 96.55556°W / 30.68972; -96.55556CountryUnited StatesStateTexasCountyBrazosElevation256 ft (78 m)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)Area code979GNIS feature ID1380210 Mooring is an unincorporated community in Brazos County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 80 in 2000. It is located within the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area. History Mooring first appeared on the Texas Almanac in 1954 or 1955, but had no population estimates available. It had a church, a business, and several scattered homes in 1948. Its population was recorded at 150 in 1964, 100 in 1970, and 80 from 1973 through 2000. Its only business was a cotton gin as of 1990. Geography Mooring is located at the intersection of Farm to Market Road 50 and Texas State Highway 21 on the Southern Pacific Railroad in far northwestern Brazos County. Education Mooring had its own school in 1948. Today, the community is served by the Bryan Independent School District. References ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mooring, Texas ^ a b c Brown, Richard. "Mooring, TX". tshaonline.org. Retrieved September 14, 2022. vteMunicipalities and communities of Brazos County, Texas, United StatesCounty seat: BryanCities Bryan College Station Navasota‡ Wixon Valley Towns Kurten CDP Lake Bryan Othercommunities Allenfarm Cawthon Edge Fairview Harvey Millican (former municipality) Mooring Mudville Nelleva Peach Creek Smetana Tabor Wellborn Ghost towns Boonville Cottonwood Dallam Dinkins Enright Macey Moore Reliance Sims Stone City Union Varisco Wicker Zack Footnotes‡This populated place has portions in adjacent county or counties Texas portal United States portal
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"unincorporated community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area"},{"link_name":"Brazos County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazos_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"U.S. state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"Handbook of Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas"},{"link_name":"Bryan-College Station metropolitan area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan-College_Station_metropolitan_area"}],"text":"Unincorporated community in Texas, United StatesMooring is an unincorporated community in Brazos County, in the U.S. state of Texas.[1] According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 80 in 2000. It is located within the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.","title":"Mooring, Texas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Texas Almanac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Almanac"},{"link_name":"cotton gin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_gin"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Handbook-2"}],"text":"Mooring first appeared on the Texas Almanac in 1954 or 1955, but had no population estimates available. It had a church, a business, and several scattered homes in 1948. Its population was recorded at 150 in 1964, 100 in 1970, and 80 from 1973 through 2000. Its only business was a cotton gin as of 1990.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Farm to Market Road 50","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_to_Market_Road_50"},{"link_name":"Texas State Highway 21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_21"},{"link_name":"Southern Pacific Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Handbook-2"}],"text":"Mooring is located at the intersection of Farm to Market Road 50 and Texas State Highway 21 on the Southern Pacific Railroad in far northwestern Brazos County.[2]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Handbook-2"},{"link_name":"Bryan Independent School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Independent_School_District"}],"text":"Mooring had its own school in 1948.[2] Today, the community is served by the Bryan Independent School District.","title":"Education"}]
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Brazos_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Brazos_County.svg.png"}]
null
[{"reference":"Brown, Richard. \"Mooring, TX\". tshaonline.org. Retrieved September 14, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mooring-tx","url_text":"\"Mooring, TX\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mooring,_Texas&params=30_41_23_N_96_33_20_W_region:US-TX_type:city","external_links_name":"30°41′23″N 96°33′20″W / 30.68972°N 96.55556°W / 30.68972; -96.55556"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mooring,_Texas&params=30_41_23_N_96_33_20_W_region:US-TX_type:city","external_links_name":"30°41′23″N 96°33′20″W / 30.68972°N 96.55556°W / 30.68972; -96.55556"},{"Link":"https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1380210","external_links_name":"U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mooring, Texas"},{"Link":"https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mooring-tx","external_links_name":"\"Mooring, TX\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolph,_New_Hampshire
Randolph, New Hampshire
["1 History","2 Geography","2.1 Climate","3 Demographics","4 Parks and recreation","5 Notable people","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"]
Coordinates: 44°22′31″N 71°16′47″W / 44.37528°N 71.27972°W / 44.37528; -71.27972 Town in New Hampshire, United StatesRandolph, New HampshireTownLocation in Coös County, New HampshireCoordinates: 44°22′31″N 71°16′47″W / 44.37528°N 71.27972°W / 44.37528; -71.27972CountryUnited StatesStateNew HampshireCountyCoösIncorporated1824VillagesRandolphRandolph HillBowmanGovernment • Board of SelectmenMichele Cormier, ChairJohn TurnerPaul A. JadisArea • Total47.1 sq mi (122.0 km2) • Land47.0 sq mi (121.8 km2) • Water0.08 sq mi (0.2 km2)  0.13%Elevation1,280 ft (390 m)Population (2020) • Total328 • Density7/sq mi (2.7/km2)Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern) • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern)ZIP code03593Area code603FIPS code33-63860GNIS feature ID0873704Websiterandolph.nh.gov Randolph is a heavily forested town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States, extending from the northern slopes of the White Mountains of the Presidential Range (to the south) to the Crescent Range and Berlin (to the north), with U.S. Route 2 cutting through the middle. The northern and southern parts of Randolph are within the White Mountain National Forest and the Ice Gulch Town Forest, while the central part is the settled portion of town. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 328. Randolph is part of the Berlin, NH–VT Micropolitan Statistical Area. History Randolph was incorporated in 1824, after being originally granted as "Durand" in 1772. The town was named after John Randolph, a Virginia congressman and senator, and a descendant of Pocahontas. Geography View of the Randolph Hill section of town from Dome Rock The Randolph Valley section of town as seen looking south from Mt. Crescent. Mounts Madison and Adams of the Presidential Range rise above the town limits to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.1 square miles (122.0 km2), of which 47.0 square miles (121.8 km2) are land and 0.077 square miles (0.2 km2) are water, comprising 0.13% of the town. Randolph's geography is mountainous. The south side of the town includes the northern slopes of the Presidentials. The north side of the town includes four main mountains: Mount Crescent, Black Crescent Mountain, Mount Randolph and Pond Hill. Dividing the northerly slopes from the southerly slopes is U.S. Route 2. There are no trails maintained to the top of Black Crescent Mountain or Pond Hill. The highest point in Randolph is on the town's southern border, atop a 3,950-foot (1,200 m) knob on Howker Ridge, a spur of Mount Madison. The settled part of Randolph is divided into two main areas: Randolph "valley", where town hall is, and Randolph Hill, which has several roads all connected to a main road called Randolph Hill Road. Randolph Hill has the site of the Mt. Crescent House (hotel), which opened in 1883 as the "Randolph Hill House" and was torn down in 1971. Randolph also had "Ravine House" on Durand Road, straight north of the Appalachia trailhead. Other sections of town include the area west of Durand Road, which includes Valley Road and a number of houses along Route 2, towards Jefferson. The main Randolph train station was at Appalachia. Other, secondary stations included "Randolph East" on the Dolly Copp (or "Pinkham B") Road, and Bowman, at the height of land to the west. The only general store in Randolph is the Lowe's Store, on U.S. Route 2. There are two motels and one bed and breakfast within the town. Climate Temperatures in the summer can reach nearly 100 °F (38 °C), though that is exceedingly rare, with summer days seldom getting above the 80s (°F) and summer nights frequently being in the 50s or even the 40s. Temperatures in the winter can be below −40 °F (−40 °C). Ice Gulch, in the forest in the northern part of Randolph, contains the largest known subalpine cold-air talus barren in New Hampshire, with a microclimate significantly colder than the rest of the town, containing ice blocks that sometimes survive the entire summer without melting. Demographics Historical population CensusPop.Note%± 1830143—1840115−19.6%1850113−1.7%18601184.4%187013816.9%188020347.1%1890137−32.5%19001370.0%19101370.0%192067−51.1%19308222.4%194011439.0%195015838.6%1960140−11.4%197016920.7%198027462.1%199037135.4%2000339−8.6%2010310−8.6%20203285.8%U.S. Decennial Census As of the census of 2000, there were 339 people, 146 households, and 104 families residing in the town. The population density was 7.2 people per square mile (2.8/km2). There were 298 housing units at an average density of 6.3 per square mile (2.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.46% White, 0.88% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population. There were 146 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 1.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.74. In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 32.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $50,139, and the median income for a family was $52,083. Males had a median income of $40,625 versus $35,208 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,092. About 2.0% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over. Many houses in Randolph are summer/vacation homes. Historically, vacationers tended to visit the hotels, reachable by horse-drawn carriage from the Randolph train station; but as the automobile became more popular, the hotels declined and private vacation homes became more prevalent. Vacationing in the far north was particularly advantageous before the air conditioner became common, as Randolph summers are rarely very hot—and never hot at all in the higher mountain areas. Parks and recreation The Randolph Mountain Club was founded in 1910, and operates several shelters, campsites, and huts on public lands in the White Mountains. There are two artificial lakes (or ponds) in Randolph: Durand Lake is present year-round, and Ravine House Pool exists in summer from the damming of a mountain stream. There are tennis courts near the Ravine House Pool. Notable people Bob Savage (1921–2013), baseball player See also New Hampshire portal New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 220: The Ravine House 1877–1963 References ^ a b "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2021. ^ a b c "Randolph town, Coos County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2021. ^ "Profile for Randolph, New Hampshire". ePodunk. Retrieved April 17, 2010. ^ "Ice Gulch" (PDF). New Hampshire Natural Heritage Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2022. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008. ^ "Thru-hiking the White Mountains". Appalachian Mountain Club. Retrieved October 22, 2022. ^ Berlin Daily Sun obit for Savage External links Official website Places adjacent to Randolph, New Hampshire Kilkenny Berlin Berlin Jefferson Randolph Gorham Low and Burbank's Grant Low and Burbank's Grant Thompson and Meserve's Purchase vteMunicipalities and communities of Coös County, New Hampshire, United StatesCounty seat: LancasterCity Berlin Map of New Hampshire highlighting Coos CountyTowns Carroll Clarksville Colebrook Columbia Dalton Dummer Errol Gorham Jefferson Lancaster Milan Northumberland Pittsburg Randolph Shelburne Stark Stewartstown Stratford Whitefield Townships Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant Bean's Grant Bean's Purchase Cambridge Chandler's Purchase Crawford's Purchase Cutt's Grant Dix's Grant Dixville Erving's Location Green's Grant Hadley's Purchase Kilkenny Low and Burbank's Grant Martin's Location Millsfield Odell Pinkham's Grant Sargent's Purchase Second College Grant Success Thompson and Meserve's Purchase Wentworth Location CDPs Colebrook Gorham Groveton Lancaster West Stewartstown Whitefield Other communities Beatties Bretton Woods Cascade Dixville Notch North Stratford Paris Tinkerville Twin Mountain New Hampshire portal United States portal vteAndroscoggin River watershedTributariesMaine Alder River Androscoggin River Bear River Cathance River Concord River Cupsuptic River Dead Cambridge River Dead River (Androscoggin) Dead River (Sabattus) East Branch Cupsuptic River East Branch Nezinscot River East Branch Pleasant River East Branch Swift River Ellis River First East Branch Magalloway River Kennebago River Little Androscoggin River Little East Branch Cupsuptic River Little Magalloway River Little River Magalloway River Middle Branch Little Magalloway River Muddy River Nezinscot River Pleasant River Rangeley River Rapid River Sabattus River Sanborn River Second East Branch Magalloway River South Branch Sunday River Sunday River Swift Cambridge River Swift River Third East Branch Magalloway River Webb River West Branch Ellis River West Branch Little Magalloway River West Branch Magalloway River West Branch Nezinscot River West Branch Pleasant River West Branch Swift River Wild River New Hampshire Androscoggin River Chickwolnepy Stream Clear Stream Dead Diamond River Dead River East Branch Dead Diamond River Little Dead Diamond River Little Magalloway River Magalloway River Middle Branch Dead Diamond River Middle Branch Little Magalloway River Mollidgewock Brook Moose Brook Moose River Peabody River Rattle River South Branch Little Dead Diamond River Swift Diamond River West Branch Dead Diamond River West Branch Little Dead Diamond River West Branch Little Magalloway River West Branch Magalloway River West Branch Peabody River Wild River Lakes Akers Pond Androscoggin Lake Lake Auburn Aziscohos Lake Echo Lake Greenough Pond Kennebago Lake Mooselookmeguntic Lake Parker Pond Parmachenee Lake Pontook Reservoir Range Ponds Rangeley Lake Richardson Lakes Sabattus Pond Success Pond Thompson Lake Tripp Pond Umbagog Lake Webb Lake Towns Albany Andover Auburn Berlin Bethel Bowdoin Brunswick Buckfield Byron Cambridge Canton Carthage Chesterville Dixfield Dummer Durham Errol Fayette Gilead Gorham Greene Greenwood Hanover Hartford Hebron Jay Leeds Lewiston Lisbon Livermore Livermore Falls Mechanic Falls Mexico Minot Monmouth Mount Vernon Newry Norway Otisfield Oxford Paris Peru Pittsburg Poland Randolph Rangeley Readfield Roxbury Rumford Sabattus Shelburne Sumner Topsham Turner Upton Vienna Wales Wayne Weld Wentworth Location West Paris Woodstock Landmarks Brown Company Maine Central Railroad Old Speck Mountain Range Ponds State Park Rumford Mill St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad White Mountains Authority control databases International VIAF National Israel United States
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_town"},{"link_name":"Coös County, New Hampshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C3%B6s_County,_New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"White Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)"},{"link_name":"Presidential Range","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Range"},{"link_name":"Crescent Range","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescent_Range"},{"link_name":"Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin,_New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"U.S. Route 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_2_in_New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"White Mountain National Forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Mountain_National_Forest"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2020-2"},{"link_name":"VT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont"},{"link_name":"Micropolitan Statistical Area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_micropolitan_area"}],"text":"Town in New Hampshire, United StatesRandolph is a heavily forested town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States, extending from the northern slopes of the White Mountains of the Presidential Range (to the south) to the Crescent Range and Berlin (to the north), with U.S. Route 2 cutting through the middle. The northern and southern parts of Randolph are within the White Mountain National Forest and the Ice Gulch Town Forest, while the central part is the settled portion of town. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 328.[2]Randolph is part of the Berlin, NH–VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.","title":"Randolph, New Hampshire"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John Randolph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke"},{"link_name":"Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia"},{"link_name":"Pocahontas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocahontas"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Randolph was incorporated in 1824, after being originally granted as \"Durand\" in 1772. The town was named after John Randolph, a Virginia congressman and senator, and a descendant of Pocahontas.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Randolph_NH_from_Dome_Rock.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_view_mt_crescent_aug_2007.JPG"},{"link_name":"Mt. Crescent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Crescent"},{"link_name":"Presidential Range","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Range"},{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2021-1"},{"link_name":"Mount Crescent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Crescent"},{"link_name":"Black Crescent Mountain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Crescent_Mountain"},{"link_name":"Mount Madison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Madison"},{"link_name":"Jefferson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson,_New_Hampshire"}],"text":"View of the Randolph Hill section of town from Dome RockThe Randolph Valley section of town as seen looking south from Mt. Crescent. Mounts Madison and Adams of the Presidential Range rise above the town limits to the south.According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.1 square miles (122.0 km2), of which 47.0 square miles (121.8 km2) are land and 0.077 square miles (0.2 km2) are water, comprising 0.13% of the town.[1]Randolph's geography is mountainous. The south side of the town includes the northern slopes of the Presidentials. The north side of the town includes four main mountains: Mount Crescent, Black Crescent Mountain, Mount Randolph and Pond Hill. Dividing the northerly slopes from the southerly slopes is U.S. Route 2. There are no trails maintained to the top of Black Crescent Mountain or Pond Hill. The highest point in Randolph is on the town's southern border, atop a 3,950-foot (1,200 m) knob on Howker Ridge, a spur of Mount Madison.The settled part of Randolph is divided into two main areas: Randolph \"valley\", where town hall is, and Randolph Hill, which has several roads all connected to a main road called Randolph Hill Road. Randolph Hill has the site of the Mt. Crescent House (hotel), which opened in 1883 as the \"Randolph Hill House\" and was torn down in 1971. Randolph also had \"Ravine House\" on Durand Road, straight north of the Appalachia trailhead. Other sections of town include the area west of Durand Road, which includes Valley Road and a number of houses along Route 2, towards Jefferson. The main Randolph train station was at Appalachia. Other, secondary stations included \"Randolph East\" on the Dolly Copp (or \"Pinkham B\") Road, and Bowman, at the height of land to the west. The only general store in Randolph is the Lowe's Store, on U.S. Route 2. There are two motels and one bed and breakfast within the town.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Hampshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"sub_title":"Climate","text":"Temperatures in the summer can reach nearly 100 °F (38 °C), though that is exceedingly rare, with summer days seldom getting above the 80s (°F) and summer nights frequently being in the 50s or even the 40s. Temperatures in the winter can be below −40 °F (−40 °C). Ice Gulch, in the forest in the northern part of Randolph, contains the largest known subalpine cold-air talus barren in New Hampshire, with a microclimate significantly colder than the rest of the town, containing ice blocks that sometimes survive the entire summer without melting.[4]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-6"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"},{"link_name":"air conditioner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioner"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 339 people, 146 households, and 104 families residing in the town. The population density was 7.2 people per square mile (2.8/km2). There were 298 housing units at an average density of 6.3 per square mile (2.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.46% White, 0.88% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.There were 146 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 1.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.74.In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 32.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.0 males.The median income for a household in the town was $50,139, and the median income for a family was $52,083. Males had a median income of $40,625 versus $35,208 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,092. About 2.0% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over.Many houses in Randolph are summer/vacation homes. Historically, vacationers tended to visit the hotels, reachable by horse-drawn carriage from the Randolph train station; but as the automobile became more popular, the hotels declined and private vacation homes became more prevalent. Vacationing in the far north was particularly advantageous before the air conditioner became common, as Randolph summers are rarely very hot—and never hot at all in the higher mountain areas.[citation needed]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The Randolph Mountain Club was founded in 1910, and operates several shelters, campsites, and huts on public lands in the White Mountains.[7]There are two artificial lakes (or ponds) in Randolph: Durand Lake is present year-round, and Ravine House Pool exists in summer from the damming of a mountain stream. There are tennis courts near the Ravine House Pool.[citation needed]","title":"Parks and recreation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bob Savage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Savage"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Bob Savage (1921–2013), baseball player[8]","title":"Notable people"}]
[{"image_text":"View of the Randolph Hill section of town from Dome Rock","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Randolph_NH_from_Dome_Rock.png/220px-Randolph_NH_from_Dome_Rock.png"},{"image_text":"The Randolph Valley section of town as seen looking south from Mt. Crescent. Mounts Madison and Adams of the Presidential Range rise above the town limits to the south.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/South_view_mt_crescent_aug_2007.JPG/220px-South_view_mt_crescent_aug_2007.JPG"},{"image_text":"Map of New Hampshire highlighting Coos County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Map_of_New_Hampshire_highlighting_Coos_County.svg/80px-Map_of_New_Hampshire_highlighting_Coos_County.svg.png"}]
[{"title":"New Hampshire portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:New_Hampshire"},{"title":"New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 220","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Hampshire_historical_markers_(201%E2%80%93225)#220"}]
[{"reference":"\"2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_cousubs_33.txt","url_text":"\"2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire\""}]},{"reference":"\"Randolph town, Coos County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)\". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=0600000US3300763860&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1","url_text":"\"Randolph town, Coos County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Profile for Randolph, New Hampshire\". ePodunk. Retrieved April 17, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=18989","url_text":"\"Profile for Randolph, New Hampshire\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPodunk","url_text":"ePodunk"}]},{"reference":"\"Ice Gulch\" (PDF). New Hampshire Natural Heritage Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nh.gov/nhdfl/documents/icegulch.pdf","url_text":"\"Ice Gulch\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200921064206/https://www.nh.gov/nhdfl/documents/icegulch.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Census of Population and Housing\". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Thru-hiking the White Mountains\". Appalachian Mountain Club. Retrieved October 22, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.outdoors.org/resources/bucket-list-trips/the-appalachian-trail/thru-hiking-the-white-mountains/","url_text":"\"Thru-hiking the White Mountains\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovac%C4%B1k_District,_Karab%C3%BCk
Ovacık District, Karabük
["1 Composition","2 References"]
Coordinates: 41°05′N 32°55′E / 41.083°N 32.917°E / 41.083; 32.917District of Karabük Province, Turkey District in Karabük, TurkeyOvacık DistrictDistrictMap showing Ovacık District in Karabük ProvinceOvacık DistrictLocation in TurkeyCoordinates: 41°05′N 32°55′E / 41.083°N 32.917°E / 41.083; 32.917CountryTurkeyProvinceKarabükSeatOvacıkGovernment • KaymakamBahadır YılmazArea398 km2 (154 sq mi)Population (2022)3,731 • Density9.4/km2 (24/sq mi)Time zoneTRT (UTC+3)Websitewww.ovacik.gov.tr Ovacık District is a district of the Karabük Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Ovacık. Its area is 398 km2, and its population is 3,731 (2022). It is the smallest district in Karabük Province, both by area and by population. Composition There is one municipality in Ovacık District: Ovacık There are 42 villages in Ovacık District: Abdullar Ahmetler Alınca Ambarözü Avlağıkaya Başboyunduruk Belen Beydili Beydini Boduroğlu Boyalı Bölükören Çatak Çukurköy Doğanlar Dökecek Dudaş Ekincik Erkeç Ganibeyler Gökçedüz Gümelik Güneysaz Hatipoğlu İmanlar Kavaklar Kışlaköy Koltuk Küçüksu Pelitçik Pürçükören Şamlar Sarılar Sofuoğlu Soğanlı Sülük Taşoğlu Yakaköy Yaylacılar Yeniören Yığınot Yürekören References ^ a b İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 1 March 2023. ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 13 March 2023. ^ Köy, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023. vteOvacık District, Karabük in Karabük Province of TurkeyDistricts Eflani Eskipazar Karabük Ovacık Safranbolu Yenice Districts of KarabükList of provinces by regionIstanbul Istanbul West Marmara Balıkesir Çanakkale Edirne Kırklareli Tekirdağ Aegean Afyonkarahisar Aydın Denizli İzmir Kütahya Manisa Muğla Uşak East Marmara Bilecik Bolu Bursa Düzce Eskişehir Kocaeli Sakarya Yalova West Anatolia Ankara Karaman Konya Mediterranean Adana Antalya Burdur Hatay Isparta Kahramanmaraş Mersin Osmaniye Central Anatolia Aksaray Kayseri Kırıkkale Kırşehir Nevşehir Niğde Sivas Yozgat West Black Sea Amasya Bartın Çankırı Çorum Karabük Kastamonu Samsun Sinop Tokat Zonguldak East Black Sea Artvin Giresun Gümüşhane Ordu Rize Trabzon Northeast Anatolia Ağrı Ardahan Bayburt Erzincan Erzurum Iğdır Kars Central East Anatolia Bingöl Bitlis Elazığ Hakkâri Malatya Muş Tunceli Van Southeast Anatolia Adıyaman Batman Diyarbakır Gaziantep Kilis Mardin Siirt Şanlıurfa Şırnak Metropolitan municipalities are bolded. This article about a Black Sea Region of Turkey location is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Turkey"},{"link_name":"Karabük Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karab%C3%BCk_Province"},{"link_name":"Ovacık","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovac%C4%B1k,_Karab%C3%BCk"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ilce-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"District of Karabük Province, TurkeyDistrict in Karabük, TurkeyOvacık District is a district of the Karabük Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Ovacık.[1] Its area is 398 km2,[2] and its population is 3,731 (2022).[3] It is the smallest district in Karabük Province, both by area and by population.","title":"Ovacık District, Karabük"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ilce-1"},{"link_name":"Ovacık","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovac%C4%B1k,_Karab%C3%BCk"},{"link_name":"villages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villages_of_Turkey"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"There is one municipality in Ovacık District:[1]OvacıkThere are 42 villages in Ovacık District:[4]Abdullar\nAhmetler\nAlınca\nAmbarözü\nAvlağıkaya\nBaşboyunduruk\nBelen\nBeydili\nBeydini\nBoduroğlu\nBoyalı\nBölükören\nÇatak\nÇukurköy\nDoğanlar\nDökecek\nDudaş\nEkincik\nErkeç\nGanibeyler\nGökçedüz\nGümelik\nGüneysaz\nHatipoğlu\nİmanlar\nKavaklar\nKışlaköy\nKoltuk\nKüçüksu\nPelitçik\nPürçükören\nŞamlar\nSarılar\nSofuoğlu\nSoğanlı\nSülük\nTaşoğlu\nYakaköy\nYaylacılar\nYeniören\nYığınot\nYürekören","title":"Composition"}]
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png/100px-NUTS_Map_of_Turkey.png"},{"image_text":"Districts of Karabük","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Karab%C3%BCk_districts.png/100px-Karab%C3%BCk_districts.png"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri\". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 1 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx","url_text":"\"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri\""}]},{"reference":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports\" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 13 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en","url_text":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%9C%C4%B0K","url_text":"TÜİK"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ovac%C4%B1k_District,_Karab%C3%BCk&params=41_05_N_32_55_E_region:TR_type:adm1st_dim:100000","external_links_name":"41°05′N 32°55′E / 41.083°N 32.917°E / 41.083; 32.917"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ovac%C4%B1k_District,_Karab%C3%BCk&params=41_05_N_32_55_E_region:TR_type:adm1st_dim:100000","external_links_name":"41°05′N 32°55′E / 41.083°N 32.917°E / 41.083; 32.917"},{"Link":"http://www.ovacik.gov.tr/","external_links_name":"www.ovacik.gov.tr"},{"Link":"https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx","external_links_name":"İlçe Belediyesi"},{"Link":"https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx","external_links_name":"\"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri\""},{"Link":"https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en","external_links_name":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports\""},{"Link":"https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx","external_links_name":"Köy"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ovac%C4%B1k_District,_Karab%C3%BCk&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_High_School_(San_Antonio,_Texas)
Edison High School (San Antonio)
["1 History","2 Athletics","3 Alumni","4 References","5 External links"]
Coordinates: 29°28′19″N 98°30′18″W / 29.471993°N 98.505104°W / 29.471993; -98.505104School in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, United StatesThomas A. Edison High SchoolAddress701 Santa Monica StreetSan Antonio, Bexar County, Texas 78212United StatesCoordinates29°28′19″N 98°30′18″W / 29.471993°N 98.505104°W / 29.471993; -98.505104InformationOpened1929School districtSan Antonio Independent School DistrictNCES District ID4838730NCES School ID483873004345PrincipalCynthia CarieloTeaching staff95.40 (on an FTE basis)Grades9-12Enrollment1,329 (2022-2023)Student to teacher ratio13.93Color(s)Black & gold    Athletics conferenceUIL Class 5ATeam nameGolden BearsWebsiteOfficial website Thomas A. Edison High School is a public high school serving the Monte Vista Historic District of San Antonio, Texas, United States. Thomas Edison High School has an enrollment of 1,329 students, with a faculty-to-student ratio of 13.93. It is in the San Antonio Independent School District. For the 2021-22 school year, the school was given a "C" by the Texas Education Agency. History Edison High School was opened in 1929 on what is now the campus for John Greenleaf Whittier Academy at 2101 Edison Drive, San Antonio. It was originally a six-year junior-senior school. Increased enrollment and crowded conditions created the need to split the schools into two campuses. In September 1958, grades ten through twelve were moved into the new Edison High School building at 701 Santa Monica street. Grades seven through nine remained in the old building and became the new student body of John Greenleaf Whittier Junior High School. When SAISD moved 9th grade to the high school, John Greenleaf Whittier became a middle school housing grades 6, 7 and 8. In the fall of 2003 students at the junior high moved into temporary facilities next to the school building while new additional construction was completed. The new school opened in August 2007 as Whittier Health Science Academy. The Academy is partnered with the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. The school received national attention in 1995 as it was at the center of the case of United States v. Lopez. Athletics The Edison Golden Bears compete in the following sports: Baseball Basketball Cross country Football Golf Soccer Softball Swimming and diving Tennis Track and field Volleyball Alumni Howard Fest (1964), former NFL offensive lineman Wade Key (1964), former NFL offensive lineman Guido Merkens (1973), former NFL safety, quarterback and wide receiver References ^ a b c "EDISON H S". School Directory Information. National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 25 June 2018. ^ "District Map Archived 2010-04-15 at the Wayback Machine." Monte Vista Historical District. Retrieved on March 25, 2010. ^ "Edison High Boundary Map Archived 2010-06-21 at the Wayback Machine." San Antonio Independent School District. Retrieved on March 25, 2010. ^ "TEA". Texas Education Agency. Retrieved 9 February 2024. ^ The Athletics Department ^ jbriggs (January 15, 2010). "Wade Key shares fond memories of Reggie West". mysanantonio.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02. External links Edison High School vteSan Antonio Independent School DistrictBexar County, TexasHigh schools G.W. Brackenridge High School Luther Burbank High School Center for Applied Science & Technology High School Thomas Edison High School Fox Technical High School Highlands High School Sam Houston High School Thomas Jefferson High School Sidney Lanier High School Phoenix Middle College St. Philip's Early College High School Travis Early College High School Authority control databases: Geographic NCES
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"public high school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_high_school"},{"link_name":"Monte Vista Historic District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Vista_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"San Antonio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MonteVistaMap-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"San Antonio Independent School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio_Independent_School_District"},{"link_name":"Texas Education Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Education_Agency"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"School in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, United StatesThomas A. Edison High School is a public high school serving the Monte Vista Historic District of San Antonio, Texas, United States.[2][3]\nThomas Edison High School has an enrollment of 1,329 students, with a faculty-to-student ratio of 13.93. It is in the San Antonio Independent School District.For the 2021-22 school year, the school was given a \"C\" by the Texas Education Agency.[4]","title":"Edison High School (San Antonio)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States v. Lopez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Lopez"}],"text":"Edison High School was opened in 1929 on what is now the campus for John Greenleaf Whittier Academy at 2101 Edison Drive, San Antonio. It was originally a six-year junior-senior school. Increased enrollment and crowded conditions created the need to split the schools into two campuses. In September 1958, grades ten through twelve were moved into the new Edison High School building at 701 Santa Monica street. Grades seven through nine remained in the old building and became the new student body of John Greenleaf Whittier Junior High School. When SAISD moved 9th grade to the high school, John Greenleaf Whittier became a middle school housing grades 6, 7 and 8. In the fall of 2003 students at the junior high moved into temporary facilities next to the school building while new additional construction was completed. The new school opened in August 2007 as Whittier Health Science Academy. The Academy is partnered with the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio.The school received national attention in 1995 as it was at the center of the case of United States v. Lopez.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball"},{"link_name":"Basketball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball"},{"link_name":"Cross country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_country_running"},{"link_name":"Football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football"},{"link_name":"Golf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf"},{"link_name":"Soccer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"Softball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball"},{"link_name":"Swimming and diving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_(sport)"},{"link_name":"Tennis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis"},{"link_name":"Track and field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_and_field"},{"link_name":"Volleyball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball"}],"text":"The Edison Golden Bears compete in the following sports:[5]Baseball\nBasketball\nCross country\nFootball\nGolf\nSoccer\nSoftball\nSwimming and diving\nTennis\nTrack and field\nVolleyball","title":"Athletics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Howard Fest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Fest"},{"link_name":"Wade Key","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Key"},{"link_name":"NFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Guido Merkens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Merkens"}],"text":"Howard Fest (1964), former NFL offensive lineman\nWade Key (1964), former NFL offensive lineman[6]\nGuido Merkens (1973), former NFL safety, quarterback and wide receiver","title":"Alumni"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Ridge,_Oklahoma
Pine Ridge, Oklahoma
["1 History","2 Present","3 References"]
Coordinates: 35°01′7.5″N 98°28′5.31″W / 35.018750°N 98.4681417°W / 35.018750; -98.4681417 This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unincorporated community in Oklahoma, United StatesPine Ridge, OklahomaUnincorporated communitySunset on June 6, 2009 at Pine RidgePine RidgeLocation within the state of OklahomaShow map of OklahomaPine RidgePine Ridge (the United States)Show map of the United StatesCoordinates: 35°01′7.5″N 98°28′5.31″W / 35.018750°N 98.4681417°W / 35.018750; -98.4681417CountryUnited StatesStateOklahomaCountyCaddoElevation1,460 ft (445 m)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)GNIS feature ID1100741 The Pleasant View Cemetery at Pine Ridge has graves from many of the early pioneers of the community. Pine Ridge is an unincorporated community in Hale Township, Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. It is located 6 miles (10 km) south of Fort Cobb at the junction of County Road 1380 and County Street 2550. History According to locals, the community got its name from the community of Pine Ridge, Arkansas, that was the setting of the radio show Lum and Abner which aired from 1934 to 1952. Legend says that the owner of the grocery store named it "Pine Ridge" after the radio show and over time the name was adopted as the name of the whole community. During the community's heyday in the 1940s there was a hub of activity at the main junction of the Ozark Trail and the Fort Cobb road, with a grocery store and two churches, Hopewell Missionary Baptist Church and Pine Ridge Church of Christ (founded on May 1, 1949 but later merged into the Fort Cobb Church of Christ. By the 1950 and 1960's the community went into a time of decline with the grocery store closing and eventually the closing of the churches, sometimes by way of merger with congregations in the neighboring communities of Fort Cobb, Apache and Carnegie. And in at least one case, an entire church building was moved from Pine Ridge to Saddle Mountain, a distance of approximately 25 miles. By the 1980s, the only visible signs of the community were the Pine Ridge Electrical sub-station, the remains of a church building and the Pleasant Valley Cemetery, but this changed in the late 2010s when the 3 Megawatt Pine Ridge solar generation facility was constructed at the Pine Ridge corner. In 2022, the Caddo Wind Farm (a 300 Megawatt system) was completed at Pine Ridge, with more than 90 GE-powered wind turbines operating in the Pine Ridge area. Much of the electricity generated by the facility is being purchased by McDonald's, Hormel and OshKosh. According to the power generating company, the site will "avoid more than 697,048 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide emissions that would have been produced if the electricity had been generated using fossil fuels - the equivalent of taking 149,261 cars off the road for a year." According to another source, the site creates enough electricity to power 110,000 households. Present Winter at Pine Ridge Pine Ridge is located at the junction of the blacktop road going directly south from Fort Cobb and the old Ozark Trail. The Pine Ridge community mostly consists of land dedicated to wheat and hay farming and cattle ranching, as well as the Pine Ridge solar generation facility. There is also a winery east of Pine Ridge on the Ozark Trail (Woods and Waters Winery and Vineyard). Public school students in Pine Ridge attended school at Broxton until the school district was consolidated with Fort Cobb in the 1990s. Telephone numbers for the Pine Ridge area are split between the Fort Cobb and Apache prefixes. Electric service is provided by CK Energy Electric Cooperative (merged from the former Caddo and Kiwash electric cooperatives in 2016). Pine Ridge is in State House District 56 and in State Senate District 26. References ^ a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Pine Ridge, Oklahoma ^ Pleasant View Cemetery, Caddo County OK ^ "Hale T6N-R12W, Atlas: Caddo County 1966, Oklahoma Historical Map". ^ "List of Populated Places of Caddo County, Oklahoma from the USGS" OKGenWeb.net (Accessed May 18, 2023) ^ Oklahoma DOT Map: Caddo County (PDF download) ^ "Pine Ridge Populated Place Profile / Caddo County, Oklahoma Data". ^ Interview with Lawrence McCullough by James M. Branum, cir. 1997 ^ of Old Time Oklahoma by David Dary, 2011 OU Press, page 23 ^ Photograph in the archives of James M. Branum, labeled "Pine Ridge - Church of Christ - Opening Day - May 1, 1949" ^ Church listings The Apache Review (Apache, Oklahoma) July 7, 1957 (accessed via Newspapers.com) - "Bible school Sunday at 9:45 am and 8 p.m. and Wednesday at 8 p.m. Preaching services at 11 a.m. and 8 p.m. Communion at 11:45 a.m. Evening worship 7:30 o'clock. You are always welcome at this friendly church." ^ Mountain View News (Oklahoma - April 5, 1956) - " The church building purchased by the members of the Church of Christ at Saddle Mt. was moved from the Pine Ridge community south of Ft. Cobb to the church building at the southeast corner of the Alton Delk home place, Friday." ^ "Pleasant View Cemetery". ^ a b "Oklahoma Electric Cooperative is a solar power generation leader" The Oklahoman (April 3, 2018) ^ "GE to supply turbines to 265-MW Oklahoma wind farm" WindpowerEngineering.com Dec. 16, 2020 Accessed July 20, 2022 ^ "Caddo Wind Site begins delivering renewaable energy" Business Wire Jan. 25, 2022 Accessed July 20, 2022 ^ "Our Renewable energy sites" Alletecleanenergy.com Accessed July 20, 2022 ^ "ALLETE Clean Energy signs 100 MW offtake agreements for Caddo wind project in US" NS Energy (Feb. 11, 2021) Accessed July 20, 2022 ^ Bates, Michael "ALLETE Clean energy agrees to sell 100 MW from Caddo" North American Wind Power (Feb. 10, 2021) Accessed July 20, 2022 ^ ""Caddo County Wind Energy Center" NextEra Energy Resources Accessed July 20, 2022 ^ "Caddo Wind Project. US" Power-Technology.com (Jan. 31, 2022) Accessed July 20, 2022 ^ "CKenergy Electric Cooperative, Inc". ckenergy.coop. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. ^ "House District 56 map that shows Pine Ridge (PDF download)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2007. Retrieved September 21, 2007. ^ "Senate District 26 map (PDF download)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2007. Retrieved September 21, 2007. vteMunicipalities and communities of Caddo County, Oklahoma, United StatesCounty seat: AnadarkoCity Anadarko Caddo County mapTowns Apache Binger Bridgeport Carnegie Cement Cyril Eakly Fort Cobb Gracemont Hinton Hydro‡ Lookeba CDP Washita Othercommunities Albert Alden Alfalfa Boone Broxton Cogar Nowhere Pine Ridge Scott‡ Sickles Spring Creek Stecker Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties. Oklahoma portal United States portal
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pineridge1.jpg"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"unincorporated community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Caddo County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caddo_County,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Fort Cobb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Cobb,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Unincorporated community in Oklahoma, United StatesThe Pleasant View Cemetery at Pine Ridge has graves from many of the early pioneers of the community.[2]Pine Ridge is an unincorporated community[1] in Hale Township,[3] Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. It is located 6 miles (10 km) south of Fort Cobb at the junction of County Road 1380 and County Street 2550.[4][5][6]","title":"Pine Ridge, Oklahoma"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Pine Ridge, Arkansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Ridge,_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"the setting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Ridge_(Lum_and_Abner)"},{"link_name":"Lum and Abner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lum_and_Abner"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Saddle Mountain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddle_Mountain,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oklahoman.com-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"According to locals,[7] the community got its name from the community of Pine Ridge, Arkansas, that was the setting of the radio show Lum and Abner which aired from 1934 to 1952. Legend says that the owner of the grocery store named it \"Pine Ridge\" after the radio show and over time the name was adopted as the name of the whole community.[8]During the community's heyday in the 1940s there was a hub of activity at the main junction of the Ozark Trail and the Fort Cobb road, with a grocery store and two churches, Hopewell Missionary Baptist Church and Pine Ridge Church of Christ (founded on May 1, 1949 but later merged into the Fort Cobb Church of Christ.[9][10] By the 1950 and 1960's the community went into a time of decline with the grocery store closing and eventually the closing of the churches, sometimes by way of merger with congregations in the neighboring communities of Fort Cobb, Apache and Carnegie.[citation needed] And in at least one case, an entire church building was moved from Pine Ridge to Saddle Mountain, a distance of approximately 25 miles.[11]By the 1980s, the only visible signs of the community were the Pine Ridge Electrical sub-station, the remains of a church building and the Pleasant Valley Cemetery,[12] but this changed in the late 2010s when the 3 Megawatt Pine Ridge solar generation facility was constructed at the Pine Ridge corner.[13]In 2022, the Caddo Wind Farm (a 300 Megawatt system) was completed at Pine Ridge, with more than 90 GE-powered wind turbines[14] operating in the Pine Ridge area.[15] Much of the electricity generated by the facility is being purchased by McDonald's, Hormel and OshKosh.[16][17][18] According to the power generating company, the site will \"avoid more than 697,048 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide emissions that would have been produced if the electricity had been generated using fossil fuels - the equivalent of taking 149,261 cars off the road for a year.\"[19] According to another source, the site creates enough electricity to power 110,000 households.[20]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pineridge2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Ozark Trail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozark_Trail_(auto_trail)"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oklahoman.com-13"},{"link_name":"Woods and Waters Winery and Vineyard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woods_and_Waters_Winery_and_Vineyard"},{"link_name":"Broxton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broxton,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Fort Cobb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Cobb,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Apache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Winter at Pine RidgePine Ridge is located at the junction of the blacktop road going directly south from Fort Cobb and the old Ozark Trail.The Pine Ridge community mostly consists of land dedicated to wheat and hay farming and cattle ranching, as well as the Pine Ridge solar generation facility.[13] There is also a winery east of Pine Ridge on the Ozark Trail (Woods and Waters Winery and Vineyard).Public school students in Pine Ridge attended school at Broxton until the school district was consolidated with Fort Cobb in the 1990s. Telephone numbers for the Pine Ridge area are split between the Fort Cobb and Apache prefixes. Electric service is provided by CK Energy Electric Cooperative (merged from the former Caddo and Kiwash electric cooperatives in 2016).[21]Pine Ridge is in State House District 56[22] and in State Senate District 26.[23]","title":"Present"}]
[{"image_text":"The Pleasant View Cemetery at Pine Ridge has graves from many of the early pioneers of the community.[2]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pineridge1.jpg/220px-Pineridge1.jpg"},{"image_text":"Winter at Pine Ridge","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pineridge2.jpg/220px-Pineridge2.jpg"},{"image_text":"Caddo County map","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Map_of_Oklahoma_highlighting_Caddo_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Oklahoma_highlighting_Caddo_County.svg.png"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Hale T6N-R12W, Atlas: Caddo County 1966, Oklahoma Historical Map\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/US/675463/Hale+T6N+R12W/Caddo+County+1966/Oklahoma/","url_text":"\"Hale T6N-R12W, Atlas: Caddo County 1966, Oklahoma Historical Map\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pine Ridge Populated Place Profile / Caddo County, Oklahoma Data\".","urls":[{"url":"http://oklahoma.hometownlocator.com/ok/caddo/pine-ridge.cfm","url_text":"\"Pine Ridge Populated Place Profile / Caddo County, Oklahoma Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pleasant View Cemetery\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.okcemeteries.net/caddo/pleasantview/pleasantview.htm","url_text":"\"Pleasant View Cemetery\""}]},{"reference":"\"CKenergy Electric Cooperative, Inc\". ckenergy.coop. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160117223819/http://ckenergy.coop/v1","url_text":"\"CKenergy Electric Cooperative, Inc\""},{"url":"http://ckenergy.coop/v1/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"House District 56 map that shows Pine Ridge (PDF download)\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2007. Retrieved September 21, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071003140814/http://www.okhouse.gov/Districts/New%20Districts/HD56.pdf","url_text":"\"House District 56 map that shows Pine Ridge (PDF download)\""},{"url":"http://www.okhouse.gov/Districts/New%20Districts/HD56.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Senate District 26 map (PDF download)\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2007. Retrieved September 21, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071005152747/http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/districts/dist26/dist26_map.pdf","url_text":"\"Senate District 26 map (PDF download)\""},{"url":"http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/districts/dist26/dist26_map.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pine_Ridge,_Oklahoma&params=35_01_7.5_N_98_28_5.31_W_type:city_region:US-OK","external_links_name":"35°01′7.5″N 98°28′5.31″W / 35.018750°N 98.4681417°W / 35.018750; -98.4681417"},{"Link":"https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/result.php?page=Pine_Ridge,_Oklahoma&defaults=y","external_links_name":"reFill"},{"Link":"https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Pine_Ridge,_Oklahoma","external_links_name":"Citation bot"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pine_Ridge,_Oklahoma&params=35_01_7.5_N_98_28_5.31_W_type:city_region:US-OK","external_links_name":"35°01′7.5″N 98°28′5.31″W / 35.018750°N 98.4681417°W / 35.018750; -98.4681417"},{"Link":"https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1100741","external_links_name":"U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Pine Ridge, Oklahoma"},{"Link":"ftp://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ok/caddo/cemeteries/plsntvew.txt","external_links_name":"Pleasant View Cemetery, Caddo County OK"},{"Link":"http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/US/675463/Hale+T6N+R12W/Caddo+County+1966/Oklahoma/","external_links_name":"\"Hale T6N-R12W, Atlas: Caddo County 1966, Oklahoma Historical Map\""},{"Link":"https://www.okgenweb.net/~okcaddo/cadtow.htm","external_links_name":"\"List of Populated Places of Caddo County, Oklahoma from the USGS\" OKGenWeb.net"},{"Link":"http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/maps/county/map_co_08-caddo.pdf","external_links_name":"Oklahoma DOT Map: Caddo County (PDF download)"},{"Link":"http://oklahoma.hometownlocator.com/ok/caddo/pine-ridge.cfm","external_links_name":"\"Pine Ridge Populated Place Profile / Caddo County, Oklahoma Data\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=7uSaBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=Pine+Ridge,+Caddo+County,+Oklahoma&source=bl&ots=wTOfP22_ef&sig=lx1Wg1w1NBxfLGahK9cW384A4wU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiazPvO9ffRAhUK8WMKHRVRB3A4FBDoAQgfMAE#v=onepage&q=Pine%20Ridge%2C%20Caddo%20County%2C%20Oklahoma&f=false%7CStories","external_links_name":"of Old Time Oklahoma by David Dary, 2011 OU Press, page 23"},{"Link":"http://www.okcemeteries.net/caddo/pleasantview/pleasantview.htm","external_links_name":"\"Pleasant View Cemetery\""},{"Link":"https://oklahoman.com/article/5603495/oklahoma-electric-cooperative-is-a-solar-power-generation-leader","external_links_name":"\"Oklahoma Electric Cooperative is a solar power generation leader\" The Oklahoman (April 3, 2018)"},{"Link":"https://www.windpowerengineering.com/ge-to-supply-turbines-to-265-mw-oklahoma-wind-farm/","external_links_name":"\"GE to supply turbines to 265-MW Oklahoma wind farm\" WindpowerEngineering.com Dec. 16, 2020"},{"Link":"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220125005279/en/ALLETE-Clean-Energy%E2%80%99s-Caddo-Wind-Site-Begins-Delivering-Renewable-Energy","external_links_name":"\"Caddo Wind Site begins delivering renewaable energy\" Business Wire Jan. 25, 2022"},{"Link":"https://alletecleanenergy.com/EnergySites","external_links_name":"\"Our Renewable energy sites\" Alletecleanenergy.com"},{"Link":"https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/allete-clean-energy-caddo-wind-site/","external_links_name":"\"ALLETE Clean Energy signs 100 MW offtake agreements for Caddo wind project in US\" NS Energy (Feb. 11, 2021)"},{"Link":"https://nawindpower.com/allete-clean-energy-agrees-to-sell-100-mw-from-caddo-wind-site","external_links_name":"\"ALLETE Clean energy agrees to sell 100 MW from Caddo\" North American Wind Power (Feb. 10, 2021)"},{"Link":"https://about.att.com/content/dam/csr/PDFs/Caddo%20County%20Wind%20Fact%20Sheet_6-6-18.pdf","external_links_name":"\"\"Caddo County Wind Energy Center\" NextEra Energy Resources"},{"Link":"https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/caddo-wind-project-us/","external_links_name":"\"Caddo Wind Project. US\" Power-Technology.com (Jan. 31, 2022)"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160117223819/http://ckenergy.coop/v1","external_links_name":"\"CKenergy Electric Cooperative, Inc\""},{"Link":"http://ckenergy.coop/v1/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071003140814/http://www.okhouse.gov/Districts/New%20Districts/HD56.pdf","external_links_name":"\"House District 56 map that shows Pine Ridge (PDF download)\""},{"Link":"http://www.okhouse.gov/Districts/New%20Districts/HD56.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071005152747/http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/districts/dist26/dist26_map.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Senate District 26 map (PDF download)\""},{"Link":"http://www.oksenate.gov/Senators/districts/dist26/dist26_map.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst,_Count_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld
Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld
["1 Early life and dispute","2 Regent of Lippe","3 Marriage and children","4 Ancestry","5 References"]
Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld ErnstCount of Lippe-BiesterfeldRegent of LippeReign17 July 1897 – 26 September 1904PredecessorPrince Adolf of Schaumburg-LippeSuccessorLeopold, Count of Lippe-BiesterfeldBorn(1842-06-09)9 June 1842Oberkassel, Kingdom of PrussiaDied26 September 1904(1904-09-26) (aged 62)Schloss Lopshorn, Principality of LippeSpouseKaroline of WartenslebenIssueAdelheid, Princess Frederick Johann of Saxe-MeiningenLeopold IV, Prince of LippePrince BernhardPrince JuliusPrincess KarolaPrincess MathildeNamesErnst Kasimir Friedrich Karl EberhardHouseLippeFatherJulius, Count of Lippe-BiesterfeldMotherCountess Adelheid of Castell-Castell Ernst, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (Ernst Kasimir Friedrich Karl Eberhard; 9 June 1842 – 26 September 1904) was the head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. From 1897 until his death he was the regent of the Principality of Lippe. Early life and dispute He was born in Oberkassel the third child of Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812–1884) and Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell (1818–1900). On 17 May 1884 Count Ernst succeeded his father as the head of Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. After the reigning Princes of Lippe, Biesterfeld was the most senior line of the princely house followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld and the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. On 20 March 1895 the reigning prince of Lippe, Prince Woldemar died childless. His heir was his brother Alexander who was incapable of ruling on account of a mental illness so a regency had to be established. A decree had been issued in 1890 by the late Prince Woldemar and though kept secret until his death it resulted in Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe, the brother in law of the German Emperor William II and not Count Ernst being appointed regent. This act was disputed by Count Ernst who put forward a claim to the regency. Lippe's diet confirmed Prince Adolf as regent on 24 April pending a settlement over the right to the Lippe regency. In the first scene (1895–97) of the Lippe succession dispute, it was claimed on part of the Schaumburg-Lippe that count Ernest's paternal grandmother, noblewoman Modeste Dorothea Christiane von Unruh (1781-1854) (who belonged to a family of lower nobility) was not of high enough birth to be legitimately a dynastic wife - that would have made progeny born of her ineligible to succeed. Regent of Lippe A settlement was reached in 1897 when a commission under the presidency of King Albert of Saxony ruled in favour of the claims of Count Ernst. Prince Adolf then resigned the regency and was replaced by Count Ernst. The panel assessed that the Lippe dynasts do not need to marry princely ladies in order to preserve dynasticity; the outcome was a verdict that a lady from an old lower-noble family is sufficient. Modeste von Unruh was adjudicated to have fulfilled this criterion. While regent Count Ernst was snubbed by the German Emperor after writing to William II complaining that the officers of the local garrison did not salute his children, did not address them by the correct style for a ruling family, and that the commanding general at Detmold had personally ordered this. The Emperor's telegraph in response to Count Ernst's request was: Your letter received. The orders of the commanding General were issued in accordance with my wishes and after inquiry of me. To the regent what is due to the regent, and nothing more. Moreover, I forbid once for all the tone in which you have seen fit to write me. Ernst remained as regent until his death in Schloss Lopshorn at which point his son Leopold succeeded him as head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line and regent, before becoming the reigning Prince of Lippe four months later on the death of Prince Alexander. Marriage and children Lippe House at Oberkassel, Bonn Ernest was married to Countess Karoline Friederike Cecilia of Wartensleben (1844–1905) on the 16 September 1869 in Neuhof. From the marriage he had six children (prince/princess of Lippe since 1905). Countess Adelheid (22 June 1870 – 3 September 1948), married Prince Frederick Johann of Saxe-Meiningen; they were the grandparents of Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen, wife of Crown Prince Otto of Austria. Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe (30 May 1871 – 30 December 1949) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872–1934) (26 August 1872 – 19 June 1934), father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, husband of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Julius (2 September 1873 – 15 September 1952), married Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Princess Karola (2 September 1873 – 23 April 1958) Princess Mathilde (27 March 1875 – 12 February 1907) In the Lippe succession dispute (1904–05), it was claimed on part of the Schaumburg-Lippe that Countess Karoline of Wartensleben (who belonged to a family of counts whose rank of count was from the 18th century, and who were originally of lower nobility) was not noble enough to be legitimately a dynastic wife of count Ernest - that would have made her sons ineligible to succeed. However, it was ruled by the 1905 panel that her birth was high enough and her children with Ernest were dynasts. Ancestry Ancestors of Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 8. Karl, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 4. Ernst I, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 9. Countess Ferdinande of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda 2. Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 10. Karl Philipp von Unruh 5. Modeste von Unruh 11. Elisabeth Henriette Dorothea von Kameke 1. Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 12. Count Friedrich Carl of Castell-Castell 6. Friedrich, Count of Castell-Castell 13. Countess Amalie of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg 3. Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell 14. Charles Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 7. Princess Emilie of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 15. Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth References ^ "Prince Adolf Confirmed as Regent". The New York Times. 1895-04-25. p. 5. ^ "Lippe Succession Decided". The New York Times. 1897-07-08. p. 7. ^ "Regent of Lippe Dead". The New York Times. 1904-09-27. p. 9. ^ Almanach de Gotha (141st ed.). Justus Perthes. 1904. p. 53. ^ https://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/HGLippe.htm Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld House of LippeBorn: 9 June 1842 Died: 26 September 1904 German nobility Preceded byJulius Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 1884–1904 Succeeded byLeopold Regnal titles Preceded byPrince Adolf Regent of Lippe 1897–1904 Succeeded byCount Leopold Authority control databases International VIAF National Germany People Deutsche Biographie
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lippe-Biesterfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippe-Biesterfeld"},{"link_name":"House of Lippe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lippe"},{"link_name":"regent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent"},{"link_name":"Principality of Lippe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe"}],"text":"Ernst, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (Ernst Kasimir Friedrich Karl Eberhard; 9 June 1842 – 26 September 1904) was the head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. From 1897 until his death he was the regent of the Principality of Lippe.","title":"Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Oberkassel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberkassel,_Bonn"},{"link_name":"Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius,_Count_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld"},{"link_name":"Castell-Castell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell-Castell"},{"link_name":"Lippe-Biesterfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippe-Biesterfeld"},{"link_name":"House of Lippe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lippe"},{"link_name":"Lippe-Weissenfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippe-Weissenfeld"},{"link_name":"Schaumburg-Lippe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaumburg-Lippe"},{"link_name":"Prince Woldemar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woldemar,_Prince_of_Lippe"},{"link_name":"Alexander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Lippe"},{"link_name":"Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Adolf_of_Schaumburg-Lippe"},{"link_name":"William II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_II,_German_Emperor"},{"link_name":"diet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(assembly)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Unruh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unruh_(Adelsgeschlecht)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"He was born in Oberkassel the third child of Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812–1884) and Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell (1818–1900). On 17 May 1884 Count Ernst succeeded his father as the head of Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. After the reigning Princes of Lippe, Biesterfeld was the most senior line of the princely house followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld and the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe.On 20 March 1895 the reigning prince of Lippe, Prince Woldemar died childless. His heir was his brother Alexander who was incapable of ruling on account of a mental illness so a regency had to be established. A decree had been issued in 1890 by the late Prince Woldemar and though kept secret until his death it resulted in Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe, the brother in law of the German Emperor William II and not Count Ernst being appointed regent.This act was disputed by Count Ernst who put forward a claim to the regency. Lippe's diet confirmed Prince Adolf as regent on 24 April pending a settlement over the right to the Lippe regency.[1]In the first scene (1895–97) of the Lippe succession dispute, it was claimed on part of the Schaumburg-Lippe that count Ernest's paternal grandmother, noblewoman Modeste Dorothea Christiane von Unruh (1781-1854) (who belonged to a family of lower nobility) was not of high enough birth to be legitimately a dynastic wife - that would have made progeny born of her ineligible to succeed.[citation needed]","title":"Early life and dispute"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Albert of Saxony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_King_of_Saxony"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Detmold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detmold"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Schloss Lopshorn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jagdschloss_Lopshorn.jpg"},{"link_name":"Leopold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Prince_of_Lippe"}],"text":"A settlement was reached in 1897 when a commission under the presidency of King Albert of Saxony ruled in favour of the claims of Count Ernst.[2] Prince Adolf then resigned the regency and was replaced by Count Ernst.The panel assessed that the Lippe dynasts do not need to marry princely ladies in order to preserve dynasticity; the outcome was a verdict that a lady from an old lower-noble family is sufficient. Modeste von Unruh was adjudicated to have fulfilled this criterion.While regent Count Ernst was snubbed by the German Emperor after writing to William II complaining that the officers of the local garrison did not salute his children, did not address them by the correct style for a ruling family, and that the commanding general at Detmold had personally ordered this. The Emperor's telegraph in response to Count Ernst's request was:[3]Your letter received. The orders of the commanding General were issued in accordance with my wishes and after inquiry of me. To the regent what is due to the regent, and nothing more. Moreover, I forbid once for all the tone in which you have seen fit to write me.Ernst remained as regent until his death in Schloss Lopshorn at which point his son Leopold succeeded him as head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line and regent, before becoming the reigning Prince of Lippe four months later on the death of Prince Alexander.","title":"Regent of Lippe"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lippisches_Landhaus_Oberkassel.jpg"},{"link_name":"Oberkassel, Bonn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberkassel,_Bonn"},{"link_name":"Karoline Friederike Cecilia of Wartensleben","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoline_of_Wartensleben"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Countess Adelheid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Adelaide_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld"},{"link_name":"Prince Frederick Johann of Saxe-Meiningen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Frederick_Johann_of_Saxe-Meiningen"},{"link_name":"Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Regina_of_Saxe-Meiningen"},{"link_name":"Crown Prince Otto of Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg"},{"link_name":"Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Prince_of_Lippe"},{"link_name":"Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872–1934)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe_(1872%E2%80%931934)"},{"link_name":"Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld"},{"link_name":"Queen Juliana of the Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Prince Julius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Julius_Ernst_LCCN2014697386.jpg"},{"link_name":"Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchess_Marie_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz"},{"link_name":"Wartensleben","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wartensleben-Gr-Wappen.png"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Lippe House at Oberkassel, BonnErnest was married to Countess Karoline Friederike Cecilia of Wartensleben (1844–1905) on the 16 September 1869 in Neuhof.[4] From the marriage he had six children (prince/princess of Lippe since 1905).Countess Adelheid (22 June 1870 – 3 September 1948), married Prince Frederick Johann of Saxe-Meiningen; they were the grandparents of Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen, wife of Crown Prince Otto of Austria.\nLeopold IV, Prince of Lippe (30 May 1871 – 30 December 1949)\nPrince Bernhard of Lippe (1872–1934) (26 August 1872 – 19 June 1934), father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, husband of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.\nPrince Julius (2 September 1873 – 15 September 1952), married Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz\nPrincess Karola (2 September 1873 – 23 April 1958)\nPrincess Mathilde (27 March 1875 – 12 February 1907)In the Lippe succession dispute (1904–05), it was claimed on part of the Schaumburg-Lippe that Countess Karoline of Wartensleben (who belonged to a family of counts whose rank of count was from the 18th century, and who were originally of lower nobility) was not noble enough to be legitimately a dynastic wife of count Ernest - that would have made her sons ineligible to succeed. However, it was ruled by the 1905 panel that her birth was high enough and her children with Ernest were dynasts.[5]","title":"Marriage and children"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Karl, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl,_Count_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ernst I, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernst_I,_Count_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Countess Ferdinande of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Countess_Ferdinande_of_Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius,_Count_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld"},{"link_name":"Count Friedrich Carl of Castell-Castell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Count_Friedrich_Carl_of_Castell-Castell&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Friedrich, Count of Castell-Castell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich,_Count_of_Castell-Castell&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Countess Amalie of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Countess_Amalie_of_L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Adelheid_of_Castell-Castell"},{"link_name":"Charles Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg"},{"link_name":"Princess Emilie of Hohenlohe-Langenburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_Emilie_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Amalie_Henriette_of_Solms-Baruth"}],"text":"Ancestors of Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 8. Karl, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 4. Ernst I, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 9. Countess Ferdinande of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda 2. Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 10. Karl Philipp von Unruh 5. Modeste von Unruh 11. Elisabeth Henriette Dorothea von Kameke 1. Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 12. Count Friedrich Carl of Castell-Castell 6. Friedrich, Count of Castell-Castell 13. Countess Amalie of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg 3. Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell 14. Charles Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 7. Princess Emilie of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 15. Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth","title":"Ancestry"}]
[{"image_text":"Lippe House at Oberkassel, Bonn","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lippisches_Landhaus_Oberkassel.jpg/220px-Lippisches_Landhaus_Oberkassel.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Prince Adolf Confirmed as Regent\". The New York Times. 1895-04-25. p. 5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"\"Lippe Succession Decided\". The New York Times. 1897-07-08. p. 7.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Regent of Lippe Dead\". The New York Times. 1904-09-27. p. 9.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Almanach de Gotha (141st ed.). Justus Perthes. 1904. p. 53.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanach_de_Gotha","url_text":"Almanach de Gotha"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus_Perthes","url_text":"Justus Perthes"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ayg%C3%B6kp%C4%B1nar,_Bolu
Çaygökpınar, Bolu
["1 References"]
Coordinates: 40°43′N 31°43′E / 40.717°N 31.717°E / 40.717; 31.717Village in Bolu, TurkeyÇaygökpınarVillageÇaygökpınarLocation in TurkeyCoordinates: 40°43′N 31°43′E / 40.717°N 31.717°E / 40.717; 31.717CountryTurkeyProvinceBoluDistrictBoluPopulation (2021)781Time zoneTRT (UTC+3) Çaygökpınar is a village in the Bolu District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 781 (2021). References ^ Köy, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023. ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 30 January 2023. vte Bolu DistrictMunicipalities Bolu Karacasu Villages Afşar Ağaçcılar Ahmetler Akçaalan Alıçören Aşağıçamlı Aşağıkuzören Avdan Aydıncık Bağışlar Bahçeköy Bakırlı Baltalı Banaz Belkaraağaç Berk Bozarmut Bünüş Bürnük Çampınar Çamyayla Çanakçılar Çatakören Çaygökpınar Çayırköy Çepni Çobankaya Çömlekçiler Çukurören Değirmenbeli Değirmenderesi Demirciler Dereceören Doğancı Elmalık Ericek Fasıl Gökpınar Gölcük Gölköy Gövem Güneyfelekettin Hamzabey Hıdırşeyhler Ilıcakınık Işıklar Kandamış Karamanlar Karca Ketenler Kındıra Kırha Kızılağıl Kolköy Köprücüler Kozlu Küplüce Kuzfındık Kuzörendağlı Kuzörenemirler Merkeşler Mesciler Mesciçele Muratlar Musluklar Müstakimler Nuhlar Oğulduruk Okçular Ömerler Örencik Pelitcik Pirahmetler Piroğlu Rüzgarlar Saççılar Saraycık Sazakkınık Sazakşeyhler Sebenardı Semerciler Sultan Sultanbey Susuzkınık Tarakçı Taşçılar Taşoluk Tatlar Tekkedere Tetemeçele Tokmaklar Topardıç Ulumescit Vakıfgeçitveren Yakabayat Yakuplar Yayladınlar Yazıören Yeniakçakavak Yeniçaydurt Yenicepınar Yenigeçitveren Yenigüney Yeniköy Yenipelitçik Yenisefa Yeşilçele Yeşilköy Yolçatı Yukarıçamlı Yumrukaya Yuva This geographical article about a location in Bolu Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bolu District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolu_District"},{"link_name":"Bolu Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolu_Province"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Village in Bolu, TurkeyÇaygökpınar is a village in the Bolu District, Bolu Province, Turkey.[1] Its population is 781 (2021).[2]","title":"Çaygökpınar, Bolu"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021\" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 30 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tuik.gov.tr/indir/duyuru/favori_raporlar.xlsx","url_text":"\"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%9C%C4%B0K","url_text":"TÜİK"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitibi_County,_Quebec
Abitibi County, Quebec
["1 References"]
Coordinates: 48°00′N 76°00′W / 48.000°N 76.000°W / 48.000; -76.000Historical county in Canada For other uses, see Abitibi (disambiguation). Abitibi County was a historical county in southwestern Quebec. The county seat was in Amos, and the area known for its mines and boreal forests. It extended from the Ontario border in the west to the Gouin Reservoir in the east, and included the communities of La Sarre and Val-d'Or in addition to Amos. The county was bounded on the north by Abitibi Territory, on the east by Champlain County, on the west by the Ontario districts of Cochrane and Timiskaming, and on the south by Témiscamingue County, Pontiac County, Montcalm County, Joliette County, Berthier County, Maskinongé County and St. Maurice County. Abitibi County is now part of the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region. The area has a rich culture that dates back thousands of years. In the early 1980s, Abitibi County was divided into Regional County Municipalities. The western panhandle section became Abitibi-Ouest MRC, the north-central section went to Abitibi MRC, the east-central and southern sections went to Vallée-de-l'Or MRC, the farthest eastern section went to Le Haut-Saint-Maurice MRC (now La Tuque), and a small part in the southwest went to Rouyn-Noranda MRC (now Ville de Rouyn-Noranda). References ^ "Discover the Abitibi-Témiscamingue Region, in Quebec - Canada - BARNES Luxury Real Estate". BARNES Québec. Retrieved 2024-01-18. ^ Canada, Come Explore. "Abitibi Temiscamingue Region in Quebec, Canada". Come Explore Canada. Retrieved 2024-01-18. 48°00′N 76°00′W / 48.000°N 76.000°W / 48.000; -76.000 This Abitibi-Témiscamingue location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Abitibi (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitibi_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"historical county","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Quebec_counties"},{"link_name":"Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec"},{"link_name":"Amos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario"},{"link_name":"Gouin Reservoir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouin_Reservoir"},{"link_name":"La Sarre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Sarre"},{"link_name":"Val-d'Or","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val-d%27Or"},{"link_name":"Cochrane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochrane_District,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Timiskaming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timiskaming_District"},{"link_name":"Témiscamingue County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9miscamingue_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Pontiac County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Montcalm County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montcalm_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Joliette County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joliette_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Maskinongé County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskinong%C3%A9_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Abitibi-Témiscamingue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitibi-T%C3%A9miscamingue"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Regional County Municipalities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Quebec_Regional_County_Municipalities"},{"link_name":"Abitibi-Ouest MRC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitibi-Ouest_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Abitibi MRC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitibi_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Vallée-de-l'Or MRC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e-de-l%27Or_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"La Tuque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Tuque,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Ville de Rouyn-Noranda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouyn-Noranda"}],"text":"Historical county in CanadaFor other uses, see Abitibi (disambiguation).Abitibi County was a historical county in southwestern Quebec. The county seat was in Amos, and the area known for its mines and boreal forests.[1] It extended from the Ontario border in the west to the Gouin Reservoir in the east, and included the communities of La Sarre and Val-d'Or in addition to Amos. The county was bounded on the north by Abitibi Territory, on the east by Champlain County, on the west by the Ontario districts of Cochrane and Timiskaming, and on the south by Témiscamingue County, Pontiac County, Montcalm County, Joliette County, Berthier County, Maskinongé County and St. Maurice County. Abitibi County is now part of the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region. The area has a rich culture that dates back thousands of years.[2]In the early 1980s, Abitibi County was divided into Regional County Municipalities. The western panhandle section became Abitibi-Ouest MRC, the north-central section went to Abitibi MRC, the east-central and southern sections went to Vallée-de-l'Or MRC, the farthest eastern section went to Le Haut-Saint-Maurice MRC (now La Tuque), and a small part in the southwest went to Rouyn-Noranda MRC (now Ville de Rouyn-Noranda).","title":"Abitibi County, Quebec"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"\"Discover the Abitibi-Témiscamingue Region, in Quebec - Canada - BARNES Luxury Real Estate\". BARNES Québec. Retrieved 2024-01-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://barnes-quebec.com/en/region/abitibi-temiscamingue-en/#:~:text=Northern%20Abitibi-T%C3%A9miscamingue%20is%20renowned,truly%20one%20of%20a%20kind.","url_text":"\"Discover the Abitibi-Témiscamingue Region, in Quebec - Canada - BARNES Luxury Real Estate\""}]},{"reference":"Canada, Come Explore. \"Abitibi Temiscamingue Region in Quebec, Canada\". Come Explore Canada. Retrieved 2024-01-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.comeexplorecanada.com/quebec/regions/abitibi-temiscamingue","url_text":"\"Abitibi Temiscamingue Region in Quebec, Canada\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapp,_Stout_and_Co.
Knapp, Stout & Co.
["1 John Holly Knapp","2 Henry Lane Stout","3 References"]
Defunct American lumber company Knapp, Stout & Co. was a lumber company based in Menomonie, Wisconsin in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The company was established in 1846, when John Holly Knapp and William Wilson purchased half of interest in a lumber mill on the Red Cedar River from David Black; it was originally known as Black & Knapp. Later Andrew Tainter acquired a quarter-interest, and the company has become Knapp-Tainter Lumber Company. Henry Stout bought a quarter interest in the company in 1853, and its name became Knapp, Stout & Company. The company's location allowed it to control the lumber industry in the region, and by 1870 it controlled the logging industry in the Red Cedar River valley. In 1878, the company incorporated, and its official name became the Knapp, Stout & Co., Company. The company employed over 2,000 workers in the Menomonie area and produced 85 million board feet of lumber on average yearly from 1871 to 1896; its output made it the largest lumber company in the world. In the 1880s, the company expanded to sites along the Mississippi River, opening offices in Dubuque, Iowa, Read's Landing, Minnesota, and St. Louis. By the 1900s, the company had largely depleted its lumber supply; it closed many of its camps and dissolved early in the 20th century. The company sent out its last shipment of lumber on August 12, 1901. In addition to logging, Knapp, Stout & Co. built many community institutions in Menomonie and northern Wisconsin. The company funded the first schools in both Barron County and Dunn County counties and established Evergreen Cemetery, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). In addition, company partner Andrew Tainter built the NRHP-listed Louis Smith Tainter House and the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building in Menomonie. Henry Stout's son James Huff Stout founded the University of Wisconsin–Stout with his inheritance from the company. John Holly Knapp John Holly Knapp (1825–1888) was born in New York state in 1825 to General John Holly Knapp (born May 20, 1791), the founder of new Fort Madison, Iowa and Harriet Knapp (nee Seely), and grew up in Fort Madison. At first he remained in Fort Madison, although travelled frequently to Menomonie. At Fort Madison he had a son Henry with his first wife, Caroline Field, and two children, Effie and William with his second wife, Valaria Adams. But as the business grew, he moved to Menomonie, where four more children were born, John Holly III, Edgar, Herbert and Rolla. During 1878–1886 Knapp was president of the firm. The village of Knapp, Dunn County, Wisconsin was named for him. Henry Lane Stout Henry Lane Stout (October 23, 1814 – July 17, 1900) was born in New Jersey. After pursuing some other interests, he became a lumber salesman at Knapp-Tainter and in 1853 acquired a quarter-interest in it. For five years Stout was mayor of Dubuque. He also served on the board of directors for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad (1867-1869), the Dakota & Dubuque Railroad (1881), and the Iowa Pacific Railroad (1876), and served as an officer and on the board of directors of the Dunleith & Dubuque Bridge Company and the Dunleith & Dubuque Ferry Company (1868-1893). References ^ a b c Bundy Hall, Dunn County Historical Society (retrieved January 23, 2017) ^ a b c d e "The Knapp, Stout and Co., Company". Dunn County Historical Society. Archived from the original on August 14, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2012. ^ a b "Knapp-Stout & Co. Company Photo Archive". University of Wisconsin–Stout. Retrieved October 14, 2012. ^ "Knapp, Stout & Co. Founders". Rice Lake Chronotype. September 21, 1927. Retrieved October 14, 2012. ^ "Lumber Company Scrip". Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved October 14, 2012. ^ Hoffman, Arnie (1976). "Our Story - The Chippewa Valley and Beyond". Eau Claire Leader Telegram. Retrieved October 14, 2012. ^ "Evergreen Cemetery Index". University Archives and Area Research Center. University of Wisconsin–Stout. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2012. ^ "Louis Smith Tainter House". University of Wisconsin–Stout. Retrieved October 14, 2012. ^ Knapp, Henry E. (1919). "General John Holly Knapp". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. Wisconsin Historical Society. 2 (3): 337–340. JSTOR 4630171. ^ "Bundy House". Dunn County Historical Society. ^ a b Stout, Henry Lane, The Bibliographical Dictionary of Iowa (retrieved January 23, 2017)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"lumber company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging"},{"link_name":"Menomonie, Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menomonie,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"lumber mill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumber_mill"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bundyhall-1"},{"link_name":"Red Cedar River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Cedar_River_(Wisconsin)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DCHS-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-UW-Stout-3"},{"link_name":"board feet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_feet"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DCHS-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Mississippi River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River"},{"link_name":"Dubuque, Iowa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"Read's Landing, Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%27s_Landing,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DCHS-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-UW-Stout-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Barron County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_County,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Dunn County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunn_County,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Evergreen Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_Cemetery_(Menomonie,_Wisconsin)"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Louis Smith Tainter House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Smith_Tainter_House"},{"link_name":"Mabel Tainter Memorial Building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_Tainter_Memorial_Building"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DCHS-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"James Huff Stout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Huff_Stout"},{"link_name":"University of Wisconsin–Stout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Stout"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DCHS-2"}],"text":"Knapp, Stout & Co. was a lumber company based in Menomonie, Wisconsin in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The company was established in 1846, when John Holly Knapp and William Wilson purchased half of interest in a lumber mill[1] on the Red Cedar River from David Black; it was originally known as Black & Knapp. Later Andrew Tainter acquired a quarter-interest, and the company has become Knapp-Tainter Lumber Company. Henry Stout bought a quarter interest in the company in 1853, and its name became Knapp, Stout & Company. The company's location allowed it to control the lumber industry in the region, and by 1870 it controlled the logging industry in the Red Cedar River valley.[2] In 1878, the company incorporated, and its official name became the Knapp, Stout & Co., Company.[3] The company employed over 2,000 workers in the Menomonie area and produced 85 million board feet of lumber on average yearly from 1871 to 1896; its output made it the largest lumber company in the world.[2][4] In the 1880s, the company expanded to sites along the Mississippi River, opening offices in Dubuque, Iowa, Read's Landing, Minnesota, and St. Louis. By the 1900s, the company had largely depleted its lumber supply; it closed many of its camps and dissolved early in the 20th century.[2][3][5] The company sent out its last shipment of lumber on August 12, 1901.[6]In addition to logging, Knapp, Stout & Co. built many community institutions in Menomonie and northern Wisconsin. The company funded the first schools in both Barron County and Dunn County counties and established Evergreen Cemetery, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[7] In addition, company partner Andrew Tainter built the NRHP-listed Louis Smith Tainter House and the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building in Menomonie.[2][8] Henry Stout's son James Huff Stout founded the University of Wisconsin–Stout with his inheritance from the company.[2]","title":"Knapp, Stout & Co."},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fort Madison, Iowa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Madison,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bundyhall-1"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gen-9"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bundyhall-1"},{"link_name":"Knapp, Dunn County, Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapp,_Dunn_County,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"John Holly Knapp (1825–1888) was born in New York state in 1825 to General John Holly Knapp (born May 20, 1791), the founder of new Fort Madison, Iowa and Harriet Knapp (nee Seely), and grew up in Fort Madison.[1][9] At first he remained in Fort Madison, although travelled frequently to Menomonie. At Fort Madison he had a son Henry with his first wife, Caroline Field, and two children, Effie and William with his second wife, Valaria Adams. But as the business grew, he moved to Menomonie, where four more children were born, John Holly III, Edgar, Herbert and Rolla. During 1878–1886 Knapp was president of the firm.[1] The village of Knapp, Dunn County, Wisconsin was named for him.[10]","title":"John Holly Knapp"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bdi-stout-11"},{"link_name":"Dubuque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bdi-stout-11"}],"text":"Henry Lane Stout (October 23, 1814 – July 17, 1900) was born in New Jersey. After pursuing some other interests, he became a lumber salesman at Knapp-Tainter and in 1853 acquired a quarter-interest in it.[11]For five years Stout was mayor of Dubuque. He also served on the board of directors for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad (1867-1869), the Dakota & Dubuque Railroad (1881), and the Iowa Pacific Railroad (1876), and served as an officer and on the board of directors of the Dunleith & Dubuque Bridge Company and the Dunleith & Dubuque Ferry Company (1868-1893).[11]","title":"Henry Lane Stout"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"The Knapp, Stout and Co., Company\". Dunn County Historical Society. Archived from the original on August 14, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110814105516/http://www.discover-net.net/~dchs/history/exkscc.html","url_text":"\"The Knapp, Stout and Co., Company\""},{"url":"http://www.discover-net.net/~dchs/history/exkscc.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Knapp-Stout & Co. Company Photo Archive\". University of Wisconsin–Stout. Retrieved October 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/archives/photoarch.cfm","url_text":"\"Knapp-Stout & Co. Company Photo Archive\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Stout","url_text":"University of Wisconsin–Stout"}]},{"reference":"\"Knapp, Stout & Co. Founders\". Rice Lake Chronotype. September 21, 1927. Retrieved October 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wlhba/articleView.asp?pg=1&id=5373&key=knapp&cy=","url_text":"\"Knapp, Stout & Co. Founders\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lumber Company Scrip\". Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved October 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum/artifacts/archives/003221.asp","url_text":"\"Lumber Company Scrip\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society","url_text":"Wisconsin Historical Society"}]},{"reference":"Hoffman, Arnie (1976). \"Our Story - The Chippewa Valley and Beyond\". Eau Claire Leader Telegram. Retrieved October 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.usgennet.org/usa/wi/county/eauclaire/history/ourstory/vol2/knappstout.html","url_text":"\"Our Story - The Chippewa Valley and Beyond\""}]},{"reference":"\"Evergreen Cemetery Index\". University Archives and Area Research Center. University of Wisconsin–Stout. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150905060412/http://archives.lib.uwstout.edu/ics-wpd/Evergreen/index.shtml","url_text":"\"Evergreen Cemetery Index\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Stout","url_text":"University of Wisconsin–Stout"},{"url":"http://archives.lib.uwstout.edu/ics-wpd/Evergreen/index.shtml","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Louis Smith Tainter House\". University of Wisconsin–Stout. Retrieved October 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.uwstout.edu/tour/13.cfm","url_text":"\"Louis Smith Tainter House\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Stout","url_text":"University of Wisconsin–Stout"}]},{"reference":"Knapp, Henry E. (1919). \"General John Holly Knapp\". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. Wisconsin Historical Society. 2 (3): 337–340. JSTOR 4630171.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4630171","url_text":"4630171"}]},{"reference":"\"Bundy House\". Dunn County Historical Society.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dunnhistory.org/history/exbundy.html","url_text":"\"Bundy House\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattnall_County,_Georgia
Tattnall County, Georgia
["1 Geography","1.1 Major highways","1.2 Adjacent counties","2 Communities","2.1 Cities","2.2 Census-designated place","3 Demographics","4 Government and infrastructure","4.1 Politics","5 Education","6 See also","7 References"]
Coordinates: 32°02′N 82°04′W / 32.04°N 82.06°W / 32.04; -82.06County in Georgia, United States County in GeorgiaTattnall CountyCountyTattnall County CourthouseLocation within the U.S. state of GeorgiaGeorgia's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 32°02′N 82°04′W / 32.04°N 82.06°W / 32.04; -82.06Country United StatesState GeorgiaFoundedDecember 5, 1801; 223 years ago (1801)Named forJosiah TattnallSeatReidsvilleLargest cityGlennvilleArea • Total488 sq mi (1,260 km2) • Land479 sq mi (1,240 km2) • Water8.9 sq mi (23 km2)  1.8%Population (2020) • Total22,842 • Density48/sq mi (19/km2)Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern) • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)Congressional district12thWebsitewww.tattnall.com Tattnall County is a county located in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Georgia, located within the Magnolia Midlands, a part of the Historic South region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,842. The county seat is Reidsville. Tattnall County was created on December 5, 1801, from part of Montgomery County, Georgia by the Georgia General Assembly. The county is named after Josiah Tattnall (1762–1803), a planter, soldier and politician. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 488 square miles (1,260 km2), of which 479 square miles (1,240 km2) is land and 8.9 square miles (23 km2) (1.8%) is water. Most of the western portion of Tattnall County, defined by a line running from Cobbtown south to Collins, then east to a point halfway to Bellville, and then south and southwest to the middle of the county's southern border, is located in the Ohoopee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. The northeastern portion of the county, from Cobbtown to east of Reidsville, is located in the Canoochee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin. The southeastern and southwestern parts of Tattnall County are located in the Altamaha River sub-basin of the larger river basin by the same name. Major highways US 25 / US 301 US 280 SR 23 SR 30 SR 56 SR 57 SR 73 SR 121 SR 129 SR 144 SR 147 SR 152 SR 169 SR 178 SR 292 Adjacent counties Candler County - north Evans County - northeast Liberty County - east Long County - southeast Wayne County - south Appling County - southwest Toombs County - west Emanuel County - northwest Communities Cities Cobbtown Collins Glennville (largest city) Manassas Reidsville (county seat) Census-designated place Mendes Demographics Historical population CensusPop.Note%± 18102,206—18202,64419.9%18302,040−22.8%18402,72433.5%18503,22718.5%18604,35234.9%18704,86011.7%18806,98843.8%189010,25346.7%190020,41999.2%191018,569−9.1%192014,502−21.9%193015,4116.3%194016,2435.4%195015,939−1.9%196015,837−0.6%197016,5574.5%198018,1349.5%199017,722−2.3%200022,30525.9%201025,52014.4%202022,842−10.5%U.S. Decennial Census1790-1880 1890-1910 1920-1930 1930-1940 1940-1950 1960-1980 1980-2000 2010 Tattnall County racial composition as of 2020 Race Num. Perc. White (non-Hispanic) 13,825 60.52% Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 5,961 26.1% Native American 36 0.16% Asian 127 0.56% Pacific Islander 6 0.03% Other/Mixed 584 2.56% Hispanic or Latino 2,303 10.08% As of the 2020 United States census, there were 22,842 people, 8,241 households, and 5,875 families residing in the county. Government and infrastructure Georgia State Prison The Georgia Department of Corrections operates the Rogers State Prison, and formerly the Georgia State Prison in unincorporated Tattnall County, near Reidsville. As of 2020, according to the Georgia State Prison Fact Sheet, the facility occupies 9,800 acres of land inside Tattnall County and provides 162 staff housing units on the reservation. The prison cemetery has 971 burials which are inmates who died while serving time from 1937 to present. Another large government parcel of land is the 10,000 acre Big Hammock Wildlife Management Preserve in the southwest section of the county. The entrance is 12 miles south of Glennville on Hwy 144 at the Ohoopee River Bridge. This is controlled by the GA Department of Natural Resources under the Wildlife Resources Division. It has a shooting range and 2 boat ramps along the river which are north of the merger with the Altamaha River which forms the southern border of the county. Permits are issued for seasonal hunting of deer, turkey, and small game. Updates are posted at www.GoHuntGeorgia.com Another large government land parcel is on the eastern side of Tattnall County along the border with Evans, Liberty, and Long Counties. This 6000+ acres forms the western side of the Fort Stewart Army Reservation which is based in Hinesville, GA. Originally this was farmland purchased by the Army during and after World War II. It has since been turned into forest land with no development. The current Ft. Stewart Land Use Development plan excludes any of this property in their 25-year future planning approved by the Department of Defense. This land mass can be viewed on Google Maps with additional info from the website for the Ft. Stewart Joint Land Use Study. (www.mrrpc.com/Misc_pdfs/Fort_Stewart_JLUS_Final_Report.pdf) Politics United States presidential election results for Tattnall County, Georgia Year Republican Democratic Third party No.  % No.  % No.  % 2020 6,054 73.95% 2,062 25.19% 71 0.87% 2016 5,096 73.54% 1,681 24.26% 153 2.21% 2012 4,706 70.48% 1,897 28.41% 74 1.11% 2008 4,730 70.32% 1,932 28.72% 64 0.95% 2004 4,657 71.93% 1,787 27.60% 30 0.46% 2000 3,597 64.12% 1,963 34.99% 50 0.89% 1996 2,518 46.23% 2,369 43.49% 560 10.28% 1992 2,566 43.18% 2,360 39.72% 1,016 17.10% 1988 3,172 65.03% 1,694 34.73% 12 0.25% 1984 3,641 65.08% 1,954 34.92% 0 0.00% 1980 2,082 41.62% 2,864 57.26% 56 1.12% 1976 1,326 27.16% 3,556 72.84% 0 0.00% 1972 2,892 85.46% 492 14.54% 0 0.00% 1968 852 16.34% 957 18.35% 3,405 65.30% 1964 3,264 66.45% 1,648 33.55% 0 0.00% 1960 869 31.29% 1,908 68.71% 0 0.00% 1956 440 18.96% 1,881 81.04% 0 0.00% 1952 1,114 31.41% 2,433 68.59% 0 0.00% 1948 216 11.59% 1,071 57.46% 577 30.95% 1944 494 28.91% 1,215 71.09% 0 0.00% 1940 421 25.15% 1,246 74.43% 7 0.42% 1936 214 16.82% 1,047 82.31% 11 0.86% 1932 37 1.70% 2,133 98.02% 6 0.28% 1928 791 63.23% 460 36.77% 0 0.00% 1924 66 5.02% 1,100 83.65% 149 11.33% 1920 301 40.24% 447 59.76% 0 0.00% 1916 49 5.95% 574 69.74% 200 24.30% 1912 18 2.11% 592 69.40% 243 28.49% Education Tattnall County School District serves as the designated K-12 school district, except parts in Fort Stewart. Fort Stewart has the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) as its local school district, for the elementary level. Students at the secondary level on Fort Stewart attend public schools operated by county school districts. See also State of Georgia portal National Register of Historic Places listings in Tattnall County, Georgia List of counties in Georgia References ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Tattnall County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 29, 2022. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011. ^ "Tattnall County Historical Maps". Retrieved May 28, 2013. ^ Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 222. ISBN 0-915430-00-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 17, 2003. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011. ^ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Retrieved November 22, 2015. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". United States Census Bureau. ^ "1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880. ^ "1910 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1910. ^ "1930 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930. ^ "1940 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1940. ^ "1950 Census of Population - Georgia -" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1950. ^ "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980. ^ "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2014. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 18, 2021. ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Tattnall County, GA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 6 (PDF. p. 7/16). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022. Rogers State Prison Georgia State Prison ^ "Georgia State Prison Archived 2008-03-05 at the Wayback Machine." Georgia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on September 14, 2010. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 22, 2018. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tattnall County, GA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022. - text list - "Fort Stewart School District" refers to the DoDEA schools. ^ "Fort Stewart Schools". Department of Defense Education Activity. Retrieved July 5, 2022. ^ "Fort Stewart Education". Military One Source. Retrieved July 5, 2022. - This is from a .mil website. Places adjacent to Tattnall County, Georgia Candler County Evans County Toombs County Tattnall County, Georgia Liberty County Appling County Wayne County Long County vteMunicipalities and communities of Tattnall County, Georgia, United StatesCounty seat: ReidsvilleCities Cobbtown Collins Glennville Manassas Reidsville Map of Georgia highlighting Tattnall CountyCDP Mendes Unincorporated community Altamaha Ghost town Birdford Georgia portal United States portal vteState of GeorgiaAtlanta (capital)Topics Index Climate change Geology History Congressional delegations Government Law People Mass media newspapers radio TV Music Elections Geography State parks Symbols Transportation Tourist attractions African Americans (Slavery) Society Abortion Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Gun laws LGBT rights Politics Sports Regions Central Georgia Coastal Georgia East Georgia East Central Georgia Golden Isles Lower Coastal Plain Metro Atlanta North Georgia Northeast Georgia Northwest Georgia Sea Islands South Georgia Southern Rivers Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia West Georgia West Central Georgia Largest cities Albany Atlanta Athens Augusta Columbus Johns Creek Macon Marietta Roswell Sandy Springs Savannah South Fulton Valdosta Warner Robins Counties Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth (Campbell) (Milton)  Georgia (U.S. state) portal Category WikiProject Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National Israel United States Other NARA 32°02′N 82°04′W / 32.04°N 82.06°W / 32.04; -82.06
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"county","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"U.S. state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._State)"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Reidsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reidsville,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR6-2"},{"link_name":"Montgomery County, Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Georgia General Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_General_Assembly"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TCHM-3"},{"link_name":"Josiah Tattnall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(Senator)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"County in Georgia, United StatesCounty in GeorgiaTattnall County is a county located in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Georgia, located within the Magnolia Midlands, a part of the Historic South region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,842.[1] The county seat is Reidsville.[2] Tattnall County was created on December 5, 1801, from part of Montgomery County, Georgia by the Georgia General Assembly.[3]The county is named after Josiah Tattnall (1762–1803), a planter, soldier and politician.[4]","title":"Tattnall County, Georgia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR1-5"},{"link_name":"Cobbtown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobbtown,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collins,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Bellville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellville,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Ohoopee River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohoopee_River"},{"link_name":"Altamaha River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altamaha_River"},{"link_name":"Reidsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reidsville,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Canoochee River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoochee_River"},{"link_name":"Ogeechee River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogeechee_River"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 488 square miles (1,260 km2), of which 479 square miles (1,240 km2) is land and 8.9 square miles (23 km2) (1.8%) is water.[5]Most of the western portion of Tattnall County, defined by a line running from Cobbtown south to Collins, then east to a point halfway to Bellville, and then south and southwest to the middle of the county's southern border, is located in the Ohoopee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. The northeastern portion of the county, from Cobbtown to east of Reidsville, is located in the Canoochee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin. The southeastern and southwestern parts of Tattnall County are located in the Altamaha River sub-basin of the larger river basin by the same name.[6]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"US 25","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_25_in_Georgia"},{"link_name":"US 301","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_301_in_Georgia"},{"link_name":"US 280","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_280_in_Georgia"},{"link_name":"SR 23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_23"},{"link_name":"SR 30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_30"},{"link_name":"SR 56","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_56"},{"link_name":"SR 57","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_57"},{"link_name":"SR 73","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_73"},{"link_name":"SR 121","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_121"},{"link_name":"SR 129","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_129"},{"link_name":"SR 144","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_144"},{"link_name":"SR 147","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_147"},{"link_name":"SR 152","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_152"},{"link_name":"SR 169","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_169"},{"link_name":"SR 178","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_178"},{"link_name":"SR 292","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_292"}],"sub_title":"Major highways","text":"US 25 / US 301\n US 280\n SR 23\n SR 30\n SR 56\n SR 57\n SR 73\n SR 121\n SR 129\n SR 144\n SR 147\n SR 152\n SR 169\n SR 178\n SR 292","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Candler County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candler_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Evans County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evans_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Liberty County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Long County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Wayne County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Appling County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appling_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Toombs County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toombs_County,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Emanuel County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_County,_Georgia"}],"sub_title":"Adjacent counties","text":"Candler County - north\nEvans County - northeast\nLiberty County - east\nLong County - southeast\nWayne County - south\nAppling County - southwest\nToombs County - west\nEmanuel County - northwest","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cobbtown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobbtown,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collins,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Glennville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glennville,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Manassas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manassas,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Reidsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reidsville,_Georgia"}],"sub_title":"Cities","text":"Cobbtown\nCollins\nGlennville (largest city)\nManassas\nReidsville (county seat)","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mendes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendes,_Georgia"}],"sub_title":"Census-designated place","text":"Mendes","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 United States census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_census"}],"text":"As of the 2020 United States census, there were 22,842 people, 8,241 households, and 5,875 families residing in the county.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Georgia_State_Prison,_Reidsville,_GA,_US_(05).jpg"},{"link_name":"Georgia State Prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Prison"},{"link_name":"Georgia Department of Corrections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Corrections"},{"link_name":"Rogers State Prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_State_Prison"},{"link_name":"Georgia State Prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_State_Prison"},{"link_name":"unincorporated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Reidsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reidsville,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"Georgia State PrisonThe Georgia Department of Corrections operates the Rogers State Prison, and formerly the Georgia State Prison in unincorporated Tattnall County,[17] near Reidsville.[18] As of 2020, according to the Georgia State Prison Fact Sheet, the facility occupies 9,800 acres of land inside Tattnall County and provides 162 staff housing units on the reservation. The prison cemetery has 971 burials which are inmates who died while serving time from 1937 to present.Another large government parcel of land is the 10,000 acre Big Hammock Wildlife Management Preserve in the southwest section of the county. The entrance is 12 miles south of Glennville on Hwy 144 at the Ohoopee River Bridge. This is controlled by the GA Department of Natural Resources under the Wildlife Resources Division. It has a shooting range and 2 boat ramps along the river which are north of the merger with the Altamaha River which forms the southern border of the county. Permits are issued for seasonal hunting of deer, turkey, and small game. Updates are posted at www.GoHuntGeorgia.comAnother large government land parcel is on the eastern side of Tattnall County along the border with Evans, Liberty, and Long Counties. This 6000+ acres forms the western side of the Fort Stewart Army Reservation which is based in Hinesville, GA. Originally this was farmland purchased by the Army during and after World War II. It has since been turned into forest land with no development. The current Ft. Stewart Land Use Development plan excludes any of this property in their 25-year future planning approved by the Department of Defense. This land mass can be viewed on Google Maps with additional info from the website for the Ft. Stewart Joint Land Use Study. (www.mrrpc.com/Misc_pdfs/Fort_Stewart_JLUS_Final_Report.pdf)","title":"Government and infrastructure"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Politics","title":"Government and infrastructure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tattnall County School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattnall_County_School_District"},{"link_name":"Fort Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Stewart"},{"link_name":"Department of Defense Education Activity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"}],"text":"Tattnall County School District serves as the designated K-12 school district, except parts in Fort Stewart. Fort Stewart has the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) as its local school district,[20] for the elementary level.[21] Students at the secondary level on Fort Stewart attend public schools operated by county school districts.[22]","title":"Education"}]
[{"image_text":"Georgia State Prison","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Georgia_State_Prison%2C_Reidsville%2C_GA%2C_US_%2805%29.jpg/220px-Georgia_State_Prison%2C_Reidsville%2C_GA%2C_US_%2805%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Map of Georgia highlighting Tattnall County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Map_of_Georgia_highlighting_Tattnall_County.svg/86px-Map_of_Georgia_highlighting_Tattnall_County.svg.png"}]
[{"title":"State of Georgia portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:State_of_Georgia"},{"title":"National Register of Historic Places listings in Tattnall County, Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tattnall_County,_Georgia"},{"title":"List of counties in Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Georgia"}]
[{"reference":"\"Census - Geography Profile: Tattnall County, Georgia\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 29, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/profile/Tattnall_County,_Georgia?g=0500000US13267","url_text":"\"Census - Geography Profile: Tattnall County, Georgia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"\"Find a County\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tattnall County Historical Maps\". Retrieved May 28, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/histcountymaps/tattnallhistmaps.htm","url_text":"\"Tattnall County Historical Maps\""}]},{"reference":"Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 222. ISBN 0-915430-00-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 17, 2003.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/t.pdf","url_text":"Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-915430-00-2","url_text":"0-915430-00-2"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20030917143007/http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/t.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html","url_text":"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience\". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Retrieved November 22, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gaswcc.org/maps/","url_text":"\"Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience\""}]},{"reference":"\"Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades\". United States Census Bureau.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html","url_text":"\"Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades\""}]},{"reference":"\"1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1880/vol-01-population/1880_v1-08.pdf","url_text":"\"1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800\""}]},{"reference":"\"1910 Census of Population - Georgia\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1910.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ga.pdf","url_text":"\"1910 Census of Population - Georgia\""}]},{"reference":"\"1930 Census of Population - Georgia\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch04.pdf","url_text":"\"1930 Census of Population - Georgia\""}]},{"reference":"\"1940 Census of Population - Georgia\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1940.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch04.pdf","url_text":"\"1940 Census of Population - Georgia\""}]},{"reference":"\"1950 Census of Population - Georgia -\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1950.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-2/37779083v2p11ch2.pdf","url_text":"\"1950 Census of Population - Georgia -\""}]},{"reference":"\"1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_gaABC-01.pdf","url_text":"\"1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia\""}]},{"reference":"\"2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-12.pdf","url_text":"\"2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia\""}]},{"reference":"\"State & County QuickFacts\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160117085329/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13267.html","url_text":"\"State & County QuickFacts\""},{"url":"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13267.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Explore Census Data\". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 18, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US13267&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","url_text":"\"Explore Census Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Tattnall County, GA\" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 6 (PDF. p. 7/16). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022. Rogers State Prison [...] Georgia State Prison","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st13_ga/county/c13267_tattnall/DC20BLK_C13267.pdf","url_text":"\"2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Tattnall County, GA\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau","url_text":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220813221751/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st13_ga/county/c13267_tattnall/DC20BLK_C13267.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Leip, David. \"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","url_text":"\"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tattnall County, GA\" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st13_ga/schooldistrict_maps/c13267_tattnall/DC20SD_C13267.pdf","url_text":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tattnall County, GA\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau","url_text":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220705201409/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st13_ga/schooldistrict_maps/c13267_tattnall/DC20SD_C13267.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Fort Stewart Schools\". Department of Defense Education Activity. Retrieved July 5, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dodea.edu/americas/southeast/fortstewart/index.cfm","url_text":"\"Fort Stewart Schools\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity","url_text":"Department of Defense Education Activity"}]},{"reference":"\"Fort Stewart Education\". Military One Source. Retrieved July 5, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://installations.militaryonesource.mil/military-installation/fort-stewart/education/education","url_text":"\"Fort Stewart Education\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_One_Source&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Military One Source"}]}]
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CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Tattnall County, GA\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220813221751/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st13_ga/county/c13267_tattnall/DC20BLK_C13267.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/GDC/FacilityMap/html/ga_state_prison.html","external_links_name":"Georgia State Prison"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080305012557/http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/GDC/FacilityMap/html/ga_state_prison.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","external_links_name":"\"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\""},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st13_ga/schooldistrict_maps/c13267_tattnall/DC20SD_C13267.pdf","external_links_name":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tattnall County, GA\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220705201409/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st13_ga/schooldistrict_maps/c13267_tattnall/DC20SD_C13267.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st13_ga/schooldistrict_maps/c13267_tattnall/DC20SD_C13267_SD2MS.txt","external_links_name":"text list"},{"Link":"https://www.dodea.edu/americas/southeast/fortstewart/index.cfm","external_links_name":"\"Fort Stewart Schools\""},{"Link":"https://installations.militaryonesource.mil/military-installation/fort-stewart/education/education","external_links_name":"\"Fort Stewart Education\""},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000404084686","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/125488649","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552495705171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80086546","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10039200","external_links_name":"NARA"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tattnall_County,_Georgia&params=32.04_N_82.06_W_type:adm2nd_region:US-GA_source:UScensus1990","external_links_name":"32°02′N 82°04′W / 32.04°N 82.06°W / 32.04; -82.06"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington,_South_Lanarkshire
Symington, South Lanarkshire
["1 History","2 Recognition","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
Coordinates: 55°35′54″N 3°35′39″W / 55.59833°N 3.59417°W / 55.59833; -3.59417 This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Human settlement in ScotlandSymingtonSymingtonLocation within South LanarkshirePopulation740 (mid-2020 est.)OS grid referenceNS995351Council areaSouth LanarkshireLieutenancy areaLanarkshireCountryScotlandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townBiggarPostcode districtML12PoliceScotlandFireScottishAmbulanceScottish UK ParliamentDumfriesshire, Clydesdale and TweeddaleScottish ParliamentClydesdale List of places UK Scotland 55°35′54″N 3°35′39″W / 55.59833°N 3.59417°W / 55.59833; -3.59417 Symington is a small village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Biggar, 10 miles (16 km) east of Douglas and 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Carluke. Geographical features near Symington include Tinto Hill, the Coulter Hills and the River Clyde. A map by Pont in 1596 showed two St John's Kirks in a small settlement, and another map by Roy in 1754 showed a mill to the east. History The Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway operated initially between 1858 and 1861 between Symington and Peebles (West), with nine stations, including Stobo railway station. Its successor was the Caledonian Railway Main Line. Recognition Symington was painted by John Pairman of Biggar around 1830. See also Symington, South Ayrshire Symington Family Estates List of places in South Lanarkshire List of places in Scotland References Forbes, John (1845). The New Statistical Account of Scotland. Vol. 6. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 867–872. Retrieved 3 January 2018. ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022. ^ "Lanarkshire 39:3". NLS. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 29 June 2020. ^ The Making of Scotland, Robin Smith, Canongate Books Ltd, 2001, ISBN 1-84195-170-6 ^ Art UK External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Symington, South Lanarkshire. History RCAHMS record for Symington House RCAHMS record for Symington, Manse Road, Symington Mill Gazetteer for Scotland: Symington National Archives: Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway National Archives: Symington Parochial Board/Parish Council National Archives: Symington School Board British Listed Buildings: Symington House Vision of Britain: Symington Local government and Services South Lanarkshire Council: Tinto Primary school and Nursery Class, Symington, HM Inspection , April 2009 Local By-elections Symington Kirk Symington Weather Station Recreation SportFocus: Symington Tinto Amateur Football League vteSettlements in South LanarkshireTowns Biggar Blantyre Bothwell Cambuslang Carluke East Kilbride Hamilton Larkhall Lanark Lesmahagow Rutherglen Strathaven Uddingston Villages and hamlets Abington Allanton Ashgill Auchengray Auchenheath Auchlochan Auldhouse Bankend Blackwood Braidwood Burnbank Caldermill Carnwath Carstairs Carstairs Junction Cartland Chapelton Cleghorn Coalburn Coulter Crawford Crawfordjohn Crossford Dalserf Dolphinton Douglas Dunsyre Elsrickle Forth Garrion Bridge Glassford Jackton Kilncadzow Kirkfieldbank Kirkmuirhill Law Leadhills Libberton Netherburn New Lanark Newbigging Nerston Pettinain Quarter Quothquan Ravenstruther Rigside Roberton Rosebank Sandford Stonehouse Symington Tarbrax Thankerton Thorntonhall Tillietudlem Walston Wiston Woolfords Yieldshields List of places in South Lanarkshire Authority control databases International VIAF National Israel This South Lanarkshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"South Lanarkshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lanarkshire"},{"link_name":"Biggar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggar,_South_Lanarkshire"},{"link_name":"Douglas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_South_Lanarkshire"},{"link_name":"Carluke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carluke"},{"link_name":"Tinto Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinto"},{"link_name":"Coulter Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coulter_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"River Clyde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Clyde"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Human settlement in ScotlandSymington is a small village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Biggar, 10 miles (16 km) east of Douglas and 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Carluke. Geographical features near Symington include Tinto Hill, the Coulter Hills and the River Clyde.[2]\nA map by Pont in 1596 showed two St John's Kirks in a small settlement, and another map by Roy in 1754 showed a mill to the east.[3]","title":"Symington, South Lanarkshire"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington,_Biggar_and_Broughton_Railway"},{"link_name":"Symington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Stobo railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stobo_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Caledonian Railway Main Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian_Railway_Main_Line"}],"text":"The Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway operated initially between 1858 and 1861 between Symington and Peebles (West), with nine stations, including Stobo railway station. Its successor was the Caledonian Railway Main Line.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John Pairman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pairman"},{"link_name":"Biggar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggar,_South_Lanarkshire"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Symington was painted by John Pairman of Biggar around 1830.[4]","title":"Recognition"}]
[]
[{"title":"Symington, South Ayrshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington,_South_Ayrshire"},{"title":"Symington Family Estates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington_Family_Estates"},{"title":"List of places in South Lanarkshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_in_South_Lanarkshire"},{"title":"List of places in Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_in_Scotland"}]
[{"reference":"Forbes, John (1845). The New Statistical Account of Scotland. Vol. 6. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 867–872. Retrieved 3 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/stream/b21365805_0006#page/n883/mode/2up","url_text":"The New Statistical Account of Scotland"}]},{"reference":"\"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland\". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2020","url_text":"\"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Records_of_Scotland","url_text":"National Records of Scotland"}]},{"reference":"\"Lanarkshire 39:3\". NLS. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 29 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=15&lat=55.59923&lon=-3.61404&layers=168&b=1","url_text":"\"Lanarkshire 39:3\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Symington,_South_Lanarkshire&params=55_35_54_N_3_35_39_W_type:city(3000)_region:GB","external_links_name":"55°35′54″N 3°35′39″W / 55.59833°N 3.59417°W / 55.59833; -3.59417"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Symington,_South_Lanarkshire&params=55.599104_N_3.596525_W_region:GB_scale:25000&title=Symington","external_links_name":"NS995351"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Symington,_South_Lanarkshire&params=55_35_54_N_3_35_39_W_type:city(3000)_region:GB","external_links_name":"55°35′54″N 3°35′39″W / 55.59833°N 3.59417°W / 55.59833; -3.59417"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/stream/b21365805_0006#page/n883/mode/2up","external_links_name":"The New Statistical Account of Scotland"},{"Link":"https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2020","external_links_name":"\"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland\""},{"Link":"https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=15&lat=55.59923&lon=-3.61404&layers=168&b=1","external_links_name":"\"Lanarkshire 39:3\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/artists/pairman-john-17881843/paintings/slideshow#/3","external_links_name":"Art UK"},{"Link":"http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=200717","external_links_name":"RCAHMS record for Symington House"},{"Link":"http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=94908","external_links_name":"RCAHMS record for Symington, Manse Road, Symington Mill"},{"Link":"http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst933.html","external_links_name":"Gazetteer for Scotland: Symington"},{"Link":"http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=B12127","external_links_name":"National Archives: Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway"},{"Link":"http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=O58381","external_links_name":"National Archives: Symington Parochial Board/Parish Council"},{"Link":"http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=O38531","external_links_name":"National Archives: Symington School Board"},{"Link":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/sc-19673-symington-house-symington","external_links_name":"British Listed Buildings: Symington House"},{"Link":"http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=17003","external_links_name":"Vision of Britain: Symington"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120302071719/http://www.hmie.gov.uk/documents/inspection/TintoPS85492221.pdf","external_links_name":"South Lanarkshire Council: Tinto Primary school and Nursery Class, Symington, HM Inspection , April 2009"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081203125929/http://www.alba.org.uk/localby/biggarsymington.html","external_links_name":"Local By-elections"},{"Link":"http://www.symingtonkirk.com/","external_links_name":"Symington Kirk"},{"Link":"http://www.tintopcs.com/weather","external_links_name":"Symington Weather Station"},{"Link":"http://www.sportfocus.com/comdir/cditem.cfm?NID=49121","external_links_name":"SportFocus: Symington Tinto Amateur Football League"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/122448200","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007467741405171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symington,_South_Lanarkshire&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Taylor_(footballer,_born_1977)
Jamie Taylor (footballer, born 1977)
["1 References"]
English footballer Jamie TaylorPersonal informationFull name Jamie Lee TaylorDate of birth (1977-01-11) 11 January 1977 (age 47)Place of birth Bury, EnglandPosition(s) MidfielderYouth career Manchester United RochdaleSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1993-97 Rochdale 36 (4) Altrincham *Club domestic league appearances and goals Jamie Taylor (born 11 January 1977) is a former English footballer who played as a midfielder. References ^ "Jamie Taylor". Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 22 November 2021. ^ "Jamie Taylor". Soccerbase. Retrieved 24 November 2021. ^ "clarkechroniclersfootballers". 30 November 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2021. This biographical article related to association football in England, about a midfielder born in the 1970s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"midfielder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Jamie Taylor (born 11 January 1977) is a former English footballer who played as a midfielder.[2][3]","title":"Jamie Taylor (footballer, born 1977)"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Community,_Hestand
Vernon Community, Hestand
["1 History","2 Customs and belief","3 Population","4 References","5 Literature"]
Vernon Community in Hestand, Kentucky is home to a Anabaptist Christian community, that was founded in 1996 by Simon Beachy, former leader of the "Believers in Christ" in Lobelville, Tennessee. The Christian community is classified as "para-Amish" by G.C. Waldrep, adhering to plain dress using horse and buggy for transportation. History In 1973 families from a small Reformed Amish Church in Arkansas founded a community at Lobelville, Tennessee, later called "Believers in Christ". The intention was to create a heartfelt primitive Christianity like in the beginning of the Anabaptist movement. The community attracted many people from Amish, Old Order Mennonite, Old German Baptist backgrounds as well as people from non-plain churches, so-called seekers. The group struggled to hold together until Simon Beachy, a charismatic personality of Old Order Amish background, arrived. Beachy's central theme was "true brokenness". Beachy also rejected the idea of having an Ordnung (set of rules) like almost all other Old Order communities. In 1996 Beachy left the community at Lobelville to create a new one at Hestand with hand-picked followers. Customs and belief The Christian community at Hestand is an independent community with many Amish features, like Plain dress, horse and buggy transportation, no telephones, etc., but without fellowship with other Amish communities. It has a "lower strictness level" than the Noah Hoover Mennonites of Scottsville, Kentucky, or the Caneyville Christian Community. A member of the community, Ruben Schwartz, known as "Dr. Ruben" is an alternative medicine practitioner who works with herbs and iridology. The community lives off market gardens, sorghum syrup production and other goods they sell. Population As of 2005 there were 32 families in the community. In 2020 there were 364 adherents, that is members, not yet baptized youths and children of the "Believers in Christ," that is the Vernon Community, in Monroe County, Kentucky where Hestand is located. This would indicate some 50 families. References ^ G.C. Waldrep: The New Order Amish And Para-Amish Groups: Spiritual Renewal Within Tradition, in The Mennonite Quarterly Review 82 (2008), page 414. ^ G.C. Waldrep: The New Order Amish And Para-Amish Groups: Spiritual Renewal Within Tradition, in The Mennonite Quarterly Review 82 (2008), page 415. ^ Donnermeyer, Joseph, and Cory Anderson: "The Growth of Amish and Plain Anabaptists in Kentucky." in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 2(2):215, page 232, 2014. ^ Vernon Community at www.monroecountykytourism.com ^ G.C. Waldrep: The New Order Amish And Para-Amish Groups: Spiritual Renewal Within Tradition, in The Mennonite Quarterly Review 82 (2008), page 415. ^ Monroe County, Kentucky - County Membership Report (2020) at Association of Religion Data Archives. Literature George Calvin Waldrep: The New Order Amish And Para-Amish Groups: Spiritual Renewal Within Tradition, in The Mennonite Quarterly Review 82 (2008), pages 395–426. Joseph Donnermeyer and Cory Anderson: The Growth of Amish and Plain Anabaptists in Kentucky, in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 2(2):215, pages 215-244 , 2014. vteMunicipalities and communities of Monroe County, Kentucky, United StatesCounty seat: TompkinsvilleCities Fountain Run Gamaliel Tompkinsville Location of Monroe County, KentuckyUnincorporatedcommunities Bugtussle Coe Cyclone Flippin Gum Tree Hestand (Vernon Community) Jeffrey Lamb Meshack Mount Hermon Mud Lick Otia Persimmon Raydure Sulphur Lick Kentucky portal United States portal
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Vernon Community, Hestand"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arkansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas"},{"link_name":"Lobelville, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobelville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"\"Believers in Christ\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Believers_in_Christ,_Lobelville"},{"link_name":"Amish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish"},{"link_name":"Old Order Mennonite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite"},{"link_name":"Old German Baptist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_German_Baptist_Brethren"},{"link_name":"seekers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeker_(Anabaptism)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Ordnung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordnung"},{"link_name":"Old Order","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Order_Movement"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"In 1973 families from a small Reformed Amish Church in Arkansas founded a community at Lobelville, Tennessee, later called \"Believers in Christ\". The intention was to create a heartfelt primitive Christianity like in the beginning of the Anabaptist movement. The community attracted many people from Amish, Old Order Mennonite, Old German Baptist backgrounds as well as people from non-plain churches, so-called seekers.[1]The group struggled to hold together until Simon Beachy, a charismatic personality of Old Order Amish background, arrived. Beachy's central theme was \"true brokenness\". Beachy also rejected the idea of having an Ordnung (set of rules) like almost all other Old Order communities. In 1996 Beachy left the community at Lobelville to create a new one at Hestand with hand-picked followers.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Amish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish"},{"link_name":"Plain dress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_dress"},{"link_name":"horse and buggy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_and_buggy"},{"link_name":"Noah Hoover Mennonites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_Hoover_Mennonite"},{"link_name":"Scottsville, Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottsville,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Caneyville Christian Community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caneyville_Christian_Community"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"alternative medicine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_medicine"},{"link_name":"iridology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridology"},{"link_name":"market gardens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_garden"},{"link_name":"sorghum syrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_syrup"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The Christian community at Hestand is an independent community with many Amish features, like Plain dress, horse and buggy transportation, no telephones, etc., but without fellowship with other Amish communities. It has a \"lower strictness level\" than the Noah Hoover Mennonites of Scottsville, Kentucky, or the Caneyville Christian Community.[3]A member of the community, Ruben Schwartz, known as \"Dr. Ruben\" is an alternative medicine practitioner who works with herbs and iridology. The community lives off market gardens, sorghum syrup production and other goods they sell.[4]","title":"Customs and belief"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Monroe County, Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_County,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"As of 2005 there were 32 families in the community.[5] In 2020 there were 364 adherents, that is members, not yet baptized youths and children of the \"Believers in Christ,\" that is the Vernon Community, in Monroe County, Kentucky where Hestand is located. This would indicate some 50 families.[6]","title":"Population"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"George Calvin Waldrep","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.C._Waldrep"},{"link_name":"The Mennonite Quarterly Review","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mennonite_Quarterly_Review"},{"link_name":"Joseph Donnermeyer and Cory Anderson: The Growth of Amish and Plain Anabaptists in Kentucky, in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 2(2):215, pages 215-244 , 2014.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/63996/JAPAS_Donnermeyer-Anderson_vol2-issue2_pp215-244.pdf?sequence=1"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Monroe_County,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Monroe_County,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monroe_County,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Monroe County, Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_County,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"County seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Tompkinsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tompkinsville,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Cities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City"},{"link_name":"Fountain Run","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_Run,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Gamaliel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamaliel,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Tompkinsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tompkinsville,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Unincorporatedcommunities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area"},{"link_name":"Bugtussle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugtussle,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Coe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coe,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Cyclone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Flippin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flippin,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Gum Tree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gum_Tree,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Hestand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestand,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Vernon Community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Jeffrey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Lamb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Meshack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshack,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Mount Hermon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Hermon,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Mud Lick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_Lick,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Otia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otia,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Persimmon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persimmon,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Raydure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raydure,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Sulphur Lick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulphur_Lick,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Kentucky portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Kentucky_(state)"},{"link_name":"United States portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States"}],"text":"George Calvin Waldrep: The New Order Amish And Para-Amish Groups: Spiritual Renewal Within Tradition, in The Mennonite Quarterly Review 82 (2008), pages 395–426.\nJoseph Donnermeyer and Cory Anderson: The Growth of Amish and Plain Anabaptists in Kentucky, in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 2(2):215, pages 215-244 , 2014.vteMunicipalities and communities of Monroe County, Kentucky, United StatesCounty seat: TompkinsvilleCities\nFountain Run\nGamaliel\nTompkinsville\nLocation of Monroe County, KentuckyUnincorporatedcommunities\nBugtussle\nCoe\nCyclone\nFlippin\nGum Tree\nHestand (Vernon Community)\nJeffrey\nLamb\nMeshack\nMount Hermon\nMud Lick\nOtia\nPersimmon\nRaydure\nSulphur Lick\n\nKentucky portal\nUnited States portal","title":"Literature"}]
[{"image_text":"Location of Monroe County, Kentucky","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Monroe_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Monroe_County.svg.png"}]
null
[]
[{"Link":"http://www.monroecountykytourism.com/agritourism-local-amish--mennonite.html","external_links_name":"Vernon Community at www.monroecountykytourism.com"},{"Link":"https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?t=0&c=21171","external_links_name":"Monroe County, Kentucky - County Membership Report (2020)"},{"Link":"https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/63996/JAPAS_Donnermeyer-Anderson_vol2-issue2_pp215-244.pdf?sequence=1","external_links_name":"Joseph Donnermeyer and Cory Anderson: The Growth of Amish and Plain Anabaptists in Kentucky, in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 2(2):215, pages 215-244 , 2014."}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalais,_Switzerland
Chalais, Switzerland
["1 History","2 Geography","3 Coat of arms","4 Demographics","5 Politics","6 Economy","7 Religion","8 Education","9 Transportation","10 References","11 External links"]
Coordinates: 46°16′N 7°30′E / 46.267°N 7.500°E / 46.267; 7.500Municipality in Valais, SwitzerlandChalaisMunicipalityVercorin village Coat of armsLocation of Chalais ChalaisShow map of SwitzerlandChalaisShow map of Canton of ValaisCoordinates: 46°16′N 7°30′E / 46.267°N 7.500°E / 46.267; 7.500CountrySwitzerlandCantonValaisDistrictSierreGovernment • MayorAlain PerruchoudArea • Total24.5 km2 (9.5 sq mi)Elevation557 m (1,827 ft)Population (31 December 2018) • Total3,524 • Density140/km2 (370/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)Postal code(s)3966SFOS number6232Surrounded byAnniviers, Chippis, Grône, SierreWebsitewww.chalais.ch SFSO statistics Chalais (French pronunciation: ) is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. History Chalais after the 1892 fire. Chalais is first mentioned in the 11th century as Jaler. In 1425 it was mentioned as Challir. In 1892 much of the village was destroyed in a fire. Geography Chalais has an area, as of 2009, of 24.5 square kilometers (9.5 sq mi). Of this area, 4.65 km2 (1.80 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.55 km2 (6.39 sq mi) or 67.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.07 km2 (0.80 sq mi) or 8.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 (4.9 acres) or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 1.16 km2 (0.45 sq mi) or 4.7% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 5.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 64.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 0.4% is used for growing crops and 4.3% is pastures, while 4.7% is used for orchards or vine crops and 9.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 3.0% is unproductive vegetation and 1.8% is too rocky for vegetation. The municipality is located in the Sierre district, on the left side of the Rhone river. It consists of the villages of Chalais and Réchy on the edge of the valley along with Brie and Vercorin on a terrace in the mountains. Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, between a Cross pattee Vert overall four Mullets of Five Gules. Demographics Rue de la Poste in Chalais in 1927 Historic aerial photograph by Werner Friedli from 1949 Réchy village Chalais has a population (as of December 2020) of 3,606. As of 2008, 15.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of 17.9%. It has changed at a rate of 14.1% due to migration and at a rate of 0.3% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (2,397 or 90.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (116 or 4.4%) and Italian is the third (59 or 2.2%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh. As of 2008, the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 1,294 Swiss men (41.4% of the population) and 260 (8.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,336 Swiss women (42.8%) and 232 (7.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 1,194 or about 44.9% were born in Chalais and lived there in 2000. There were 753 or 28.3% who were born in the same canton, while 238 or 9.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 372 or 14.0% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.9%. As of 2000, there were 1,020 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,375 married individuals, 156 widows or widowers and 106 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 1,045 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 308 households that consist of only one person and 74 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 922 apartments (43.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,084 apartments (51.2%) were seasonally occupied and 112 apartments (5.3%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 6.4 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.13%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Politics In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 28.67% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (22.21%), the SP (21.19%) and the SVP (18.15%). In the federal election, a total of 1,172 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 57.4%. In the 2009 Conseil d'État/Staatsrat election a total of 1,280 votes were cast, of which 75 or about 5.9% were invalid. The voter participation was 61.8%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 1,164 votes were cast, of which 70 or about 6.0% were invalid. The voter participation was 57.7%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%. Economy As of  2010, Chalais had an unemployment rate of 3.9%. As of 2008, there were 76 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 36 businesses involved in this sector. 197 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 40 businesses in this sector. 408 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 83 businesses in this sector. There were 1,297 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.6% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 540. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 47, of which 34 were in agriculture and 13 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 188 of which 89 or (47.3%) were in manufacturing and 98 (52.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 305. In the tertiary sector; 75 or 24.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 19 or 6.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 53 or 17.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7 or 2.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 23 or 7.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 21 or 6.9% were in education and 59 or 19.3% were in health care. In 2000, there were 230 workers who commuted into the municipality and 876 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.8 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 8.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 74.6% used a private car. Religion From the 2000 census, 2,222 or 83.6% were Roman Catholic, while 87 or 3.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 51 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.92% of the population), and there were 21 individuals (or about 0.79% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 10 (or about 0.38% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 133 (or about 5.01% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 139 individuals (or about 5.23% of the population) did not answer the question. Education In Chalais about 923 or (34.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 254 or (9.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 254 who completed tertiary schooling, 61.8% were Swiss men, 28.3% were Swiss women, 5.5% were non-Swiss men and 4.3% were non-Swiss women. As of 2000, there was one student in Chalais who came from another municipality, while 204 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Chalais is home to the Bibliothèque communale et scolaire de Chalais et Vercorin library. The library has (as of 2008) 16,102 books or other media, and loaned out 30,421 items in the same year. It was open a total of 191 days with average of 16 hours per week during that year. Transportation There is an aerial tramway (gondola lift) connecting the mountain village of Vercorin with Chalais which runs precisely every 15 minutes. References ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019. ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019. ^ a b c Chalais in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010 ^ Flags of the World.com accessed 23-September-2011 ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 Archived June 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 19 June 2010 ^ a b c d e f g Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine accessed 23-September-2011 ^ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Archived April 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011 ^ Ständige Wohnbevolkerung nach Geschlecht und Heimat am 31.12.2009.xls (in German and French) accessed 24 August 2011 ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived September 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011 ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Archived September 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 29 January 2011 ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton Archived May 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 May 2010 ^ Staatsratswahlen vom 1. März 2009 (in German) accessed 24 August 2011 ^ Ständeratswahl 2007 (in German) accessed 24 August 2011 ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Archived December 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011 ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010 ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries Archived 2015-07-06 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 14 May 2010 ^ "Timestable Chalais-Vercorin Cable Car :: Val d'Anniviers Valais Switzerland". Archived from the original on 2013-05-04. Retrieved 2013-01-28. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chalais, Switzerland. Official website (in French) Chalais in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. vteMunicipalities in Sierre District, Switzerland Anniviers Chalais Chippis Crans-Montana Grône Icogne Lens Noble-Contrée Saint-Léonard Sierre Canton of Valais Districts of Canton Valais Municipalities of Canton Valais Authority control databases National Germany Other Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[ʃalɛ]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French"},{"link_name":"municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Sierre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierre_(district)"},{"link_name":"canton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Valais","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais"},{"link_name":"Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland"}],"text":"Municipality in Valais, SwitzerlandChalais (French pronunciation: [ʃalɛ]) is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.","title":"Chalais, Switzerland"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Incendie_de_Chalais,_1892.JPG"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HDS-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HDS-3"}],"text":"Chalais after the 1892 fire.Chalais is first mentioned in the 11th century as Jaler. In 1425 it was mentioned as Challir.[3]In 1892 much of the village was destroyed in a fire.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BFS_land-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BFS_land-4"},{"link_name":"Rhone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhone"},{"link_name":"Vercorin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vercorin"}],"text":"Chalais has an area, as of 2009[update], of 24.5 square kilometers (9.5 sq mi). Of this area, 4.65 km2 (1.80 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.55 km2 (6.39 sq mi) or 67.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.07 km2 (0.80 sq mi) or 8.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 (4.9 acres) or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 1.16 km2 (0.45 sq mi) or 4.7% is unproductive land.[4]Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 5.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 64.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 0.4% is used for growing crops and 4.3% is pastures, while 4.7% is used for orchards or vine crops and 9.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 3.0% is unproductive vegetation and 1.8% is too rocky for vegetation.[4]The municipality is located in the Sierre district, on the left side of the Rhone river. It consists of the villages of Chalais and Réchy on the edge of the valley along with Brie and Vercorin on a terrace in the mountains.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"blazon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazon"},{"link_name":"coat of arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, between a Cross pattee Vert overall four Mullets of Five Gules.[5]","title":"Coat of arms"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chalais,_rue_de_la_Poste,_1927.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Chalais-LBS_H1-012303.tif"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9chy.JPG"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stat2020_VS-6"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HDS_superweb-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-8"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"Italian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language"},{"link_name":"Romansh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_language"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-9"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VS_Pop-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-9"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-8"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-9"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-8"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Housing-11"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-8"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-8"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HDS-3"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Rue de la Poste in Chalais in 1927Historic aerial photograph by Werner Friedli from 1949Réchy villageChalais has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 3,606.[6] As of 2008[update], 15.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[7] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of 17.9%. It has changed at a rate of 14.1% due to migration and at a rate of 0.3% due to births and deaths.[8]Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks French (2,397 or 90.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (116 or 4.4%) and Italian is the third (59 or 2.2%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.[9]As of 2008[update], the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 1,294 Swiss men (41.4% of the population) and 260 (8.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,336 Swiss women (42.8%) and 232 (7.4%) non-Swiss women.[10] Of the population in the municipality, 1,194 or about 44.9% were born in Chalais and lived there in 2000. There were 753 or 28.3% who were born in the same canton, while 238 or 9.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 372 or 14.0% were born outside of Switzerland.[9]As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.9%.[8]As of 2000[update], there were 1,020 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,375 married individuals, 156 widows or widowers and 106 individuals who are divorced.[9]As of 2000[update], there were 1,045 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household.[8] There were 308 households that consist of only one person and 74 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 922 apartments (43.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,084 apartments (51.2%) were seasonally occupied and 112 apartments (5.3%) were empty.[11] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 6.4 new units per 1000 residents.[8] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.13%.[8]The historical population is given in the following chart:[3][12]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2007 federal election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Swiss_federal_election"},{"link_name":"CVP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"FDP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals"},{"link_name":"SP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"SVP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party"},{"link_name":"voter turnout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Conseil d'État/Staatsrat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(Switzerland)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Swiss Council of States election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Council_of_States_election,_2007"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 28.67% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (22.21%), the SP (21.19%) and the SVP (18.15%). In the federal election, a total of 1,172 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 57.4%.[13]In the 2009 Conseil d'État/Staatsrat election a total of 1,280 votes were cast, of which 75 or about 5.9% were invalid. The voter participation was 61.8%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%.[14] In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 1,164 votes were cast, of which 70 or about 6.0% were invalid. The voter participation was 57.7%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%.[15]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"primary economic sector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy"},{"link_name":"secondary sector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy"},{"link_name":"tertiary sector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-8"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"full-time equivalent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-time_equivalent"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-commuter-17"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-8"}],"text":"As of  2010[update], Chalais had an unemployment rate of 3.9%. As of 2008[update], there were 76 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 36 businesses involved in this sector. 197 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 40 businesses in this sector. 408 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 83 businesses in this sector.[8] There were 1,297 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.6% of the workforce.In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 540. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 47, of which 34 were in agriculture and 13 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 188 of which 89 or (47.3%) were in manufacturing and 98 (52.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 305. In the tertiary sector; 75 or 24.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 19 or 6.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 53 or 17.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7 or 2.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 23 or 7.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 21 or 6.9% were in education and 59 or 19.3% were in health care.[16]In 2000[update], there were 230 workers who commuted into the municipality and 876 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.8 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[17] Of the working population, 8.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 74.6% used a private car.[8]","title":"Economy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"Swiss Reformed Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church"},{"link_name":"members of an Orthodox church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity"},{"link_name":"Islamic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam"},{"link_name":"Buddhist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism"},{"link_name":"agnostic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticism"},{"link_name":"atheist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-9"}],"text":"From the 2000 census[update], 2,222 or 83.6% were Roman Catholic, while 87 or 3.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 51 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.92% of the population), and there were 21 individuals (or about 0.79% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 10 (or about 0.38% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 133 (or about 5.01% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 139 individuals (or about 5.23% of the population) did not answer the question.[9]","title":"Religion"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"upper secondary education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary"},{"link_name":"university","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Fachhochschule","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fachhochschule"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-9"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-commuter-17"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalais,_Switzerland&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"In Chalais about 923 or (34.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 254 or (9.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 254 who completed tertiary schooling, 61.8% were Swiss men, 28.3% were Swiss women, 5.5% were non-Swiss men and 4.3% were non-Swiss women.[9]As of 2000[update], there was one student in Chalais who came from another municipality, while 204 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[17]Chalais is home to the Bibliothèque communale et scolaire de Chalais et Vercorin library. The library has (as of 2008[update]) 16,102 books or other media, and loaned out 30,421 items in the same year. It was open a total of 191 days with average of 16 hours per week during that year.[18]","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"gondola lift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_lift"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"There is an aerial tramway (gondola lift) connecting the mountain village of Vercorin with Chalais which runs precisely every 15 minutes.[19]","title":"Transportation"}]
[{"image_text":"Chalais after the 1892 fire.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Incendie_de_Chalais%2C_1892.JPG/220px-Incendie_de_Chalais%2C_1892.JPG"},{"image_text":"Rue de la Poste in Chalais in 1927","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Chalais%2C_rue_de_la_Poste%2C_1927.JPG/220px-Chalais%2C_rue_de_la_Poste%2C_1927.JPG"},{"image_text":"Historic aerial photograph by Werner Friedli from 1949","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ETH-BIB-Chalais-LBS_H1-012303.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ETH-BIB-Chalais-LBS_H1-012303.tif.jpg"},{"image_text":"Réchy village","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/R%C3%A9chy.JPG/220px-R%C3%A9chy.JPG"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.html","url_text":"\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung.assetdetail.7966022.html","url_text":"\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201","url_text":"\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\""}]},{"reference":"\"Timestable Chalais-Vercorin Cable Car :: Val d'Anniviers Valais Switzerland\". Archived from the original on 2013-05-04. Retrieved 2013-01-28.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130504151200/http://www.rma.ch/anniviers/switzerland/ski-valais/chalais-vercorin-cable.html","url_text":"\"Timestable Chalais-Vercorin Cable Car :: Val d'Anniviers Valais Switzerland\""},{"url":"http://www.rma.ch/anniviers/switzerland/ski-valais/chalais-vercorin-cable.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adora,_Har_Hevron
Adora, Har Hevron
["1 Etymology","2 History","3 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict","4 References"]
Coordinates: 31°33′08″N 35°01′08″E / 31.55222°N 35.01889°E / 31.55222; 35.01889Israeli settlement in the West Bank Israeli settlement in Judea and Samaria AreaAdora אֲדוֹרָה‎Israeli settlementHebrew transcription(s) • unofficialAdorahAdoraCoordinates: 31°33′08″N 35°01′08″E / 31.55222°N 35.01889°E / 31.55222; 35.01889DistrictJudea and Samaria AreaCouncilHar HevronRegionJudaean MountainsAffiliationMishkei Herut BeitarFounded1982/1984Population (2021)474 Adora (Hebrew: אֲדוֹרָה) is an Israeli settlement organised as a community settlement in the Judean Mountains in the southern West Bank, northwest of Hebron. Established in 1984, the community ideologically identifies with the Herut–Betar farming organization and falls under the jurisdiction of Har Hevron Regional Council. Under the terms of the Oslo Accords of 1993 between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, Adora was designated Area "C" under full Israeli civil and security control. In 2021 its population was 474. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Etymology Adora is named after the biblical town Adoraim mentioned in 2 Chronicles 11:9, one of the fortified cities of the ancient Kingdom of Judah under the rule of Rehoboam. The name of the Palestinian town of Dura, located four kilometers south of Adura, is also derived from the ancient Adurim. History Adora was established in 1982 as a Nahal para-military outpost and demilitarized two years later when handed over to civilians. In 1983, a core group of families from Kiryat Arba, Beit Shemesh, Kiryat Gat, and Or Akiva, joined one another in preparing to settle the barren hilltop. After a week of preparations at the Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot, about half the families of the original 23 were told to be ready to move into trailers to be installed at the site with the government's permission. In January 1984, the group was warned that another core group might occupy the trailers before them. On 11 and 12 January 1984, the group moved in and began a wave of settlement expansion in the region. Adora is situated east of the Israeli West Bank barrier, 6.4 kilometers from the Green line in the Judean hills northwest of Hebron at an altitude of 692 metres (2270 feet). The settlement has a total area of about 360 square meters. According to a 2006 Peace Now-report, 36.01 percent of the land Adora is built on, is privately owned, all or most of it by Palestinians. According to Israeli law, settlements on privately owned Palestinian land are illegal. According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated about 1000 dunams of land from the nearby Palestinian town of Tarqumiyah in order to construct Adora. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict In the 27 April 2002 Adora terrorist attack, three Palestinian gunmen dressed like Israeli soldiers infiltrated the settlement of Adora on a Sabbath morning and attacked and killed four residents, including a 5-year-old girl, and injured seven. One of the assailants was later killed by the IDF. References ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2023. ^ "LAND GRAB. Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank" (PDF). B'Tselem. May 2002. p. 111. ^ "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010. ^ "Israel: 'Secret' Defense Ministry Database Reveals Full Settlement Construction" (PDF). Open Source Center. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 14 March 2013. ^ Hoberman, Haggai (2008). Keneged Kol HaSikuim (in Hebrew) (1st ed.). Sifriat Netzaim. ^ "Settlements list". Peace Now. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011. ^ In the data provided by the Civil Administration "there is no mention of whether the private land is owned by Palestinians or by Jews... Nevertheless, it is highly probable that most of the land that is marked here as private land (if not all of it) is privately-owned Palestinian land"."Settlement are built on Private Palestinian Land". Peace Now. 14 March 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2011. ^ "G U I L T Y! Construction of Settlements upon Private Land – Official Data". Peace Now. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2011. ^ Tarqumiya Town Profile, ARIJ, p. 15 ^ Bennet, James (28 April 2002). "Mideast Turmoil: The Attack; Arabs in Disguise Kill four Settlers in the West Bank". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 March 2013. vteHar Hevron Regional CouncilMoshavim Beit Yatir Carmel Ma'on Community settlements Adora Avigayil Asa'el Beit Hagai Eshkolot Livne (Shani) Ma'ale Hever Negohot Otniel Sansana Shim'a Susya Telem Teneh Omarim Outposts Mitzpe Eshtemoa Mitzpe Yair Authority control databases: National Israel
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended"},{"link_name":"Hebrew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language"},{"link_name":"Israeli settlement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_settlement"},{"link_name":"community settlement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_settlement_(Israel)"},{"link_name":"Judean Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judean_Mountains"},{"link_name":"West Bank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank"},{"link_name":"Hebron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron"},{"link_name":"Herut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut"},{"link_name":"Betar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betar"},{"link_name":"Har Hevron Regional Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Hevron_Regional_Council"},{"link_name":"Oslo Accords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Accords"},{"link_name":"Palestine Liberation Organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization"},{"link_name":"Area \"C\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_C_(West_Bank)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Landgrab-2"},{"link_name":"illegal under international law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law_and_Israeli_settlements"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Israeli settlement in the West BankIsraeli settlement in Judea and Samaria AreaAdora (Hebrew: אֲדוֹרָה) is an Israeli settlement organised as a community settlement in the Judean Mountains in the southern West Bank, northwest of Hebron. Established in 1984, the community ideologically identifies with the Herut–Betar farming organization and falls under the jurisdiction of Har Hevron Regional Council. Under the terms of the Oslo Accords of 1993 between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, Adora was designated Area \"C\" under full Israeli civil and security control.[2] In 2021 its population was 474.The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[3]","title":"Adora, Har Hevron"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Adoraim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adurim"},{"link_name":"2 Chronicles 11:9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2011:9&version=nrsv"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of Judah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah"},{"link_name":"Rehoboam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehoboam"},{"link_name":"Palestinian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories"},{"link_name":"Dura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura,_Hebron"}],"text":"Adora is named after the biblical town Adoraim mentioned in 2 Chronicles 11:9, one of the fortified cities of the ancient Kingdom of Judah under the rule of Rehoboam. The name of the Palestinian town of Dura, located four kilometers south of Adura, is also derived from the ancient Adurim.","title":"Etymology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nahal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahal"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-OpenSource-4"},{"link_name":"Kiryat Arba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Arba"},{"link_name":"Beit Shemesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Shemesh"},{"link_name":"Kiryat Gat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Gat"},{"link_name":"Or Akiva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or_Akiva"},{"link_name":"Rehovot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehovot"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hoberman-5"},{"link_name":"Israeli West Bank barrier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier"},{"link_name":"Green line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)"},{"link_name":"Hebron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-list-6"},{"link_name":"Peace Now","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Now"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guilty-8"},{"link_name":"ARIJ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Research_Institute%E2%80%93Jerusalem"},{"link_name":"dunams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunam"},{"link_name":"Palestinian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinians"},{"link_name":"Tarqumiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarqumiyah"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Adora was established in 1982 as a Nahal para-military outpost and demilitarized two years later when handed over to civilians.[4] In 1983, a core group of families from Kiryat Arba, Beit Shemesh, Kiryat Gat, and Or Akiva, joined one another in preparing to settle the barren hilltop. After a week of preparations at the Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot, about half the families of the original 23 were told to be ready to move into trailers to be installed at the site with the government's permission. In January 1984, the group was warned that another core group might occupy the trailers before them. On 11 and 12 January 1984, the group moved in and began a wave of settlement expansion in the region.[5]Adora is situated east of the Israeli West Bank barrier, 6.4 kilometers from the Green line in the Judean hills northwest of Hebron at an altitude of 692 metres (2270 feet). The settlement has a total area of about 360 square meters.[6] According to a 2006 Peace Now-report, 36.01 percent of the land Adora is built on, is privately owned, all or most of it by Palestinians.[7] According to Israeli law, settlements on privately owned Palestinian land are illegal.[8] According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated about 1000 dunams of land from the nearby Palestinian town of Tarqumiyah in order to construct Adora.[9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2002 Adora terrorist attack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Adora_terrorist_attack"},{"link_name":"Sabbath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath"},{"link_name":"IDF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"In the 27 April 2002 Adora terrorist attack, three Palestinian gunmen dressed like Israeli soldiers infiltrated the settlement of Adora on a Sabbath morning and attacked and killed four residents, including a 5-year-old girl, and injured seven. One of the assailants was later killed by the IDF.[10]","title":"Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"\"Regional Statistics\". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv","url_text":"\"Regional Statistics\""}]},{"reference":"\"LAND GRAB. Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank\" (PDF). B'Tselem. May 2002. p. 111.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.btselem.org/download/200205_land_grab_eng.pdf","url_text":"\"LAND GRAB. Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%27Tselem","url_text":"B'Tselem"}]},{"reference":"\"The Geneva Convention\". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm","url_text":"\"The Geneva Convention\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News","url_text":"BBC News"}]},{"reference":"\"Israel: 'Secret' Defense Ministry Database Reveals Full Settlement Construction\" (PDF). Open Source Center. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 14 March 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fas.org/irp/world/israel/database-e.pdf","url_text":"\"Israel: 'Secret' Defense Ministry Database Reveals Full Settlement Construction\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Center","url_text":"Open Source Center"}]},{"reference":"Hoberman, Haggai (2008). Keneged Kol HaSikuim [Against All Odds] (in Hebrew) (1st ed.). Sifriat Netzaim.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Settlements list\". Peace Now. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110718121032/http://peacenow.org.il/eng/sites/default/files/settlements_database_1.xls","url_text":"\"Settlements list\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Now","url_text":"Peace Now"},{"url":"http://peacenow.org.il/eng/sites/default/files/settlements_database_1.xls","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Settlement are built on Private Palestinian Land\". Peace Now. 14 March 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://peacenow.org.il/eng/content/settlement-are-built-private-palestinian-land","url_text":"\"Settlement are built on Private Palestinian Land\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Now","url_text":"Peace Now"}]},{"reference":"\"G U I L T Y! Construction of Settlements upon Private Land – Official Data\". Peace Now. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190223/http://peacenow.org.il/eng/sites/default/files/Breaking_The_Law_formal#page=10","url_text":"\"G U I L T Y! Construction of Settlements upon Private Land – Official Data\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Now","url_text":"Peace Now"},{"url":"http://peacenow.org.il/eng/sites/default/files/Breaking_The_Law_formal%20data_March07Eng.pdf#page=10","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bennet, James (28 April 2002). \"Mideast Turmoil: The Attack; Arabs in Disguise Kill four Settlers in the West Bank\". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 March 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/28/world/mideast-turmoil-the-attack-arabs-in-disguise-kill-four-settlers-in-the-west-bank.html","url_text":"\"Mideast Turmoil: The Attack; Arabs in Disguise Kill four Settlers in the West Bank\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Hospital_(Bronx,_New_York)
Lincoln Hospital (Bronx)
["1 History","1.1 Current campus","2 Services","3 Research and contributions","4 See also","5 References","5.1 Notes","5.2 Sources","6 External links"]
Coordinates: 40°49′N 73°55′W / 40.817°N 73.917°W / 40.817; -73.917Hospital in New York, United StatesLincoln HospitalNYC Health + HospitalsView of the hospital from East 149th StreetGeographyLocation234 East 149th Street, The Bronx, New York, United StatesCoordinates40°49′N 73°55′W / 40.817°N 73.917°W / 40.817; -73.917OrganizationFundingPublic hospitalTypeTeachingAffiliated universityWeill Cornell Medical College New York College of Podiatric MedicineNetworkNYC Health + HospitalsServicesEmergency departmentLevel I trauma centerBeds362Public transit access New York City Subway: ​ at 149th Street–Grand Concourse station New York City Bus: Bx1, Bx2, Bx19, Bx32, BxM4HistoryFormer name(s) The Home for the Colored Aged (1839) The Colored Home and Hospital (1882) Lincoln Hospital and Home (1902) Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center Opened18391898 (first Bronx campus)1976 (second Bronx campus)LinksWebsitenychhc.org/lincolnListsHospitals in New YorkOther linksHospitals in The Bronx Lincoln Hospital is a full service medical center and teaching hospital affiliated with Weill Cornell Medical College, in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City, New York. The medical center is municipally owned by NYC Health + Hospitals. Lincoln is known for innovative programs addressing the specific needs of the community it serves, aggressively tackling such issues as asthma, obesity, cancer, diabetes and tuberculosis. Staffed by a team of more than 300 physicians, the hospital has an inpatient capacity of 347 beds, including 20 neonatal intensive care beds, 23 intensive care beds, 8 pediatric intensive care beds, 7 coronary care beds, and an 11-station renal dialysis unit. With over 144,000 emergency department visits annually, Lincoln has the busiest single-site emergency department in New York City and the third-busiest in the nation. History The Colored Home in New York City, Valentine's Manual (1870) Lincoln Hospital was founded in 1839 as "The Home for the Colored Aged" by a group of prominent philanthropists known as the "Society for the Relief of Worthy Aged Indigent Colored Persons." The hospital's function gradually became the most important aspect of the operation, and in 1882, the name was changed to "The Colored Home and Hospital." In 1895, after more than half a century of occupying various sites in Manhattan, the board of trustees purchased a large lot in the South Bronx (then a semi-rural area of the city) at the corner of 141st Street and Southern Boulevard. A new hospital was built; its facilities included the latest developments in medical care. The dedication took place on April 29, 1899. The hospital became a general hospital open to all people without regard to color or creed, although it maintained its founding connection as an institution dedicated to the relief and advancement of Black people. During the hospital's reorganization and eventual occupation of the new site, its name was changed to "Lincoln Hospital and Home", in honor of president Abraham Lincoln in 1902. Eric Mose works on a Federal Art Project mural for the "Old Lincoln Hospital" in 1938 Because of the increasing demand for services required by a more densely populated South Bronx, and a decreasing supply of philanthropic funds, in 1925 the board of trustees decided to sell Lincoln Hospital to the Department of Public Welfare of the City of New York. The great outflow of physicians to the armed forces during World War II and the drastic socioeconomic decline in the area that followed took their toll on Lincoln Hospital. With the loss of jobs from industrial restructuring, new immigrants and migrants from mostly poor, rural areas of the southern regions of the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin America did not have the steady (but low skilled) labor opportunities of prior generations of immigrants. Their long-term standard of living was impacted. The shift in population ushered in changes at Lincoln Hospital. In 1969, a 15-day takeover of the Department of Psychiatry by predominantly Black and Puerto Rican non-professional staff, marked Lincoln Hospital as a key figure in the birth of the community mental health movement. The occupiers criticized the paternalism of the white psychiatrists and challenged community mental health to be more than urban-serving institutions being dominated by well meaning elites who were neither sufficiently responsive to - nor aware of - the needs of poor urban patients. The next year, on July 14, 1970, the Young Lords - a radical group of Puerto Rican activists - occupied Lincoln Hospital's administrative building to protest the city's indifference to the health needs of Puerto Rican and African American patients. They also protested the deplorable conditions of health care delivery at Lincoln Hospital and accused the medical schools (that were paid to provide hospital interns) of prioritizing the training medical students over patient care. The protest ended in the arrest of two Young Lords. Several months later, in November 1970, the Young Lords and allies seized the Nurses’ Residence building at Lincoln Hospital and won use of Lincoln's anticipated drug-treatment funds; the use of space in the administrative building for a drug detox program; and the use of office space in the Psychiatry Department. Community control in the form of The People's Program was launched. Lincoln Hospital enjoyed a resurgence in the 1970s as one of the finest institutions for the care of the sick and the training of professionals in the newly formed New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation. Current campus Lincoln Hospital's Main Entrance from Morris Avenue In 1976, a new facility was dedicated about two miles from the "Old Lincoln," at a construction cost of 220 million dollars. The present hospital building incorporates some of the most advanced concepts in hospital design and sophisticated equipment. It occupies five full city blocks, providing health care to the entire South Bronx community, as well as parts of Upper Manhattan. Lincoln also administers the Substance Abuse Division, located at 349 East 140th Street. Similarly, Lincoln is known for its enormous success with piloting the NYC HHC's CATCH program for early identification and treatment of substance use disorders in a compassionate and understanding manner. In the 1990s, Lincoln became part of the North-Manhattan/South Bronx "Generations Plus Network" together with Metropolitan Hospital Center, Morrisania Diagnostic and Treatment Center, and Segundo Ruiz Belvis Diagnostic and Treatment Center. As of 2007, Lincoln has a capacity of 347 beds. Although it constitutes 9% of the beds in the region, Lincoln caters to 31% of the health care visits of this community, where there is fewer than one primary care physician for every 4,000 people. In 2014, the facility's Emergency Department reopened after undergoing a $24 million renovation and expansion project. Services As the busiest single site Emergency Department in New York City, Lincoln Hospital is an Adult Level I Trauma Center and a Pediatric Level II Trauma Center. The New York State Department of Health selected Lincoln as the first hospital in the South Bronx to receive designation as an official Stroke Center. The medical center also houses FDNY EMS Battalion 14. Residents of the South Bronx have the highest occurrence of asthma in New York City. Adult and pediatric asthma patients receive immediate attention from Lincoln's medical staff, set specifically aside in the Emergency Department's designated "Asthma Room". Adult patients are enrolled in Lincoln's Comprehensive Care for Patients with Asthma Clinic. The Lincoln Asthma and Allergy Clinic provides an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to asthma and allergy management. Lincoln's specialty diabetes clinics include adult, pediatric, pregnancy and diabetes education programs, as well as recently receiving a grant from the United Hospital Fund to implement a new health literacy program for its diabetes clinic. Disease educators can be consulted around-the-clock and diabetes case management is available for pediatric patients. Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center received high quality ratings from the New York State Department of Health from hospital profiles comparing key quality measures and treatments for specific conditions in hospitals statewide. Lincoln ranked number two for appropriate care in New York State in the areas of heart attack and heart failure care, as well as surgical infection prevention, an HHC corporate initiative. Some of Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center's specialty services include: AIDS Center; Asthma Treatment; Diabetes Treatment; Level III Perinatal Center; Regional Trauma Center; Stroke Center; Women's Health Center; Child and Teen Health Services; SAFE (SART) Center. Lincoln Hospital also hosts several residency training programs, including emergency medicine and internal medicine, as well as some fellowship training programs. Research and contributions Lincoln Hospital's location has allowed access to a unique demographic of New York City's population, with some of the city's most ill, impoverished, and crime-impacted all concentrated in its surrounding neighborhoods. Currently, its Department of Graduate Medical Education oversees nine residency programs for training physicians and dentists in emergency medicine, general surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, oral maxillofacial surgery, general dentistry, a transitional year, and preliminary medicine programs. The hospital has contributed to the medical community in various fields of study, most notably in public health, infectious disease, trauma (medicine), and emergency medicine. Ivatury et al. (1981) reported the value of immediate emergency department thoracotomy in a patient group of fatally penetrating trauma. Other studies have improved the diagnosis and management of gunshot wounds, rectal and genitourinary injuries, as well as "scoop and run" utility in prompt and emergency care in unstable patients. More recent research has examined oxygen delivery in trauma patients, looking at biomarkers and physiological parameters such as organ-specific pHi monitoring., "damage-control surgery in life-threatening injuries, the importance of measuring intra-abdominal pressure, the concept of intraabdominal hypertension as a prelude to the morbid abdominal compartment syndrome, and pioneering "open-abdomen" management. The only text book on penetrating trauma was published from Lincoln. Other studies have challenged the utilization of accepted predictive markers such as vital signs, and serum lactic acid levels, in trying to employ the use of end-tidal carbon dioxide as a better diagnostic and prognostic marker in penetrating trauma patients. Lincoln has also tackled many public health issues, such as helping recognize healthcare disparities among inner-city minority New Yorkers, as well as eliminating systemic barriers for preventative care measures in one of the nation's poorest census tracts. The hospital has also approached issues such as violence prevention, bullying, child abuse, and counseling and treatment of at-risk youth. Every year the hospital also holds the Lincoln Annual Research Symposium where over a hundred research projects are presented in competition. This event is judged by a panel of clinicians from the most major New York City hospitals, including Columbia University, Cornell University, and Montefiore Medical Center. See also Lincoln School for Nurses operated by the hospital 1898-1961 Lincoln Detox 1970 takeover of the Lincoln Hospital 2015 New York Legionnaires' disease outbreak Weill Cornell Medical College NYC Health + Hospitals References Notes ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "About Lincoln". The City of New York. Retrieved April 15, 2017. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "History". City of New York. Retrieved April 15, 2017. ^ "Weill Cornell Medical College of Medical Affiliated Institutions and Departments". Retrieved 2013-06-28. ^ David Stephenson Rohde (April 20, 1998). "Trauma Centers Short of Patients As New York's Crime Rate Drops". The New York Times. Retrieved April 9, 2013. ^ Winnie Hu (May 28, 2014). "Cool and Calm at Center of an Emergency Room. Maelstrom in the Bronx". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-06-27. ^ Herman, Ellen (1995). "The Romance of Psychology: The Growth Industry - The State as Healer - Mental Health as Public Policy". University of California Press: EBooks Collection. pp. 256–257. Retrieved 2022-02-22. ^ Narvaez, Alfonso (July 15, 1970). "Young Lords Seize Lincoln Hospital Building: Offices are Held for Twelve Hours - Official Calls Points Valid". The New York Times. Retrieved 2019-05-12. ^ Kuwabara Blanchard, Sessi (2018-10-30). "How the Young Lords Took Lincoln Hospital, Left a Health Activism Legacy". Filter Magazine. Retrieved 2019-05-12. ^ "Six Hospitals Engaging 8,000 More Patients with Opioid Use Disorder". ^ "Trauma Centers". American College of Surgeons. Retrieved October 11, 2021. ^ Whu et al. 2007. ^ Waseem et al. 2012. ^ Sia et al. 2011. ^ Kihtir et al. 1993. ^ Rao et al. 1993. ^ Franko, Ivatury & Schwalb 1993. ^ Gervin & Fischer 1982. ^ Ivatury et al. 1996. ^ Caputo et al. 2012a. ^ Caputo et al. 2012b. ^ Kanna et al. 2009. ^ Nash et al. 2006. ^ Cornwell et al. 1995. ^ Waseem et al. 2013b. ^ Waseem et al. 2013a. ^ Miller & Rubin 2009. ^ Doyle & Widhalm 1979. Sources Caputo, N.; Fraser, R.; Paliga, A.; Kanter, M.; Hosford, K.; Madlinger, R. (2012a). "Triage vital signs do not correlate with serum lactate or base deficit, and are less predictive of operative intervention in penetrating trauma patients: A prospective cohort study". Emerg Med J. 30 (7): 546–550. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-201343. PMID 22802455. S2CID 39900957. Caputo, Nicholas D.; Fraser, Robert M.; Paliga, Andrew; Matarlo, Jennifer; Kanter, Marc; Hosford, Karlene; Madlinger, Robert (2012b). "Nasal cannula end-tidal CO2 correlates with serum lactate levels and odds of operative intervention in penetrating trauma patients: A prospective cohort study". Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 73 (5): 1202–1207. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318270198c. PMID 23117381. S2CID 13150086. Cornwell, Edward E.; Jacobs, D; Walker, M; Jacobs, L; Porter, J; Fleming, A; Britt, L; Henderson, V; Cason, F; Morgan, A; Davis, K; Cunningham, P; Tate, J; Smalls, N; Dove, D; Bynoe, R; Brathwaite, C; Stain, S; Campbell, A; Kirton, O; Sterling-Scott, R; Duncan, A; Angus, L; Goins, W; Mezghebe, H; Siram, S; Henry, S (1995). "National Medical Association Surgical Section Position Paper on Violence Prevention: A Resolution of Trauma Surgeons Caring for Victims of Violence". JAMA. 273 (22): 1788–1789. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520460070038. PMID 7769775. Doyle, M. Brenda; Widhalm, Mary V. (1979). "Midwifing the adolescents at Lincoln Hospital's teen-age clinics". Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 24 (4): 27–32. doi:10.1016/0091-2182(79)90101-0. PMID 255601. Franko, Edward R.; Ivatury, Rao R.; Schwalb, David M. (1993). "Combined Penetrating Rectal and Genitourinary Injuries: A Challenge in Management". Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 34 (3): 347–353. doi:10.1097/00005373-199303000-00007. PMID 8483173. Gervin, Alfred S.; Fischer, Ronald P. (1982). "The Importance of Prompt Transport in Salvage of Patients with Penetrating Heart Wounds". Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 22 (6): 443–448. doi:10.1097/00005373-198206000-00001. PMID 7086909. Ivatury, Rao R.; Shah, Pravin M.; Ito, Katsuki; Ramirez-Schon, Gerhart; Suarez, Francisco; Rohman, Michael (1981). "Emergency Room Thoracotomy for the Resuscitation of Patients with "Fatal" Penetrating Injuries of the Heart". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 32 (4): 377–385. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(10)61760-2. PMID 7305523. Ivatury, RR; Simon, RJ; Islam, S; Fueg, A; Rohman, M; Stahl, WM (1996). "A prospective randomized study of end points of resuscitation after major trauma: Global oxygen transport indices versus organ-specific gastric mucosal pH". J Am Coll Surg. 183 (2): 145–154. PMID 8696546. Kanna, Balavenkatesh; Narang, Tarun K.; Atwal, Tegpal; Paul, Doru; Azeez, Sulaiman (2009). "Ethnic disparity in mortality after diagnosis of colorectal cancer among inner city minority New Yorkers". Cancer. 115 (23): 5550–5555. doi:10.1002/cncr.24614. PMID 19823980. S2CID 23291091. Kihtir, Tugrul; Ivatury, Rao R.; Simon, Ronald J.; Nassoura, Zahi; Leban, Stanley (1993). "Early Management of Civilian Gunshot Wounds to the Face". Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 35 (4): 569–755. doi:10.1097/00005373-199310000-00012. PMID 8411281. Miller, Aaron; Rubin, David (2009). "The contribution of children's advocacy centers to felony prosecutions of child sexual abuse". Child Abuse & Neglect. 33 (1): 12–18. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.07.002. PMID 19167755. Nash, Denis; Azeez, Sulaiman; Vlahov, David; Schori, Melissa (2006). "Evaluation of an Intervention to Increase Screening Colonoscopy in an Urban Public Hospital Setting". Journal of Urban Health. 83 (2): 231–243. doi:10.1007/s11524-006-9029-6. PMC 2527164. PMID 16736372. Rao, PM; Ivatury, RR; Sharma, P; Vinzons, AT; Nassoura, Z; Stahl, WM (1993). "Cervical vascular injuries: A trauma center experience". Surgery. 114 (3): 527–531. PMID 8367807. Sia, Valerie May G.; Romero, Cristina; Sia, Dominic C.; Pou, Jenny; Rajegowda, Benamanahalli K. (2011). "Epidemiology of congenital syphilis in a South Bronx population: A follow-up study". Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 39 (1): 71–75. doi:10.1515/JPM.2010.123. PMID 20979448. S2CID 11608157. Waseem, Muhammad; Lakdawala, Viraj; Patel, Rohit; Kapoor, Ramnath; Leber, Mark; Sun, Xuming (2012). "Is there a relationship between wound infections and laceration closure times?". Int J Emerg Med. 5 (32): 1–7. doi:10.1186/1865-1380-5-32. PMC 3414831. PMID 22835090. Waseem, Muhammad; Arshad, Arslan; Leber, Mark; Perales, Orlando; Jara, Fernando (2013a). "Victims of Bullying in the Emergency Department with Behavioral Issues". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 44 (3): 605–610. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.07.053. PMID 22975285. Waseem, Muhammad; Ryan, Mary; Foster, Carla Boutin; Peterson, Janey (2013b). "Assessment and Management of Bullied Children in the Emergency Department". Pediatric Emergency Care. 29 (3): 389–398. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e31828575d7. PMC 4386573. PMID 23462401. Whu, Rafael; Cirilo, Ginaida; Wong, Jonathan; Finkel, Madelon L.; Mendez, Hermann A.; Leggiadro, Robert J. (2007). "Risk Factors for Pediatric Asthma in the South Bronx". Journal of Asthma. 44 (10): 855–859. doi:10.1080/02770900701752516. PMID 18097863. S2CID 44825542. External links www.nychealthandhospitals.org/lincoln vteNew York trauma centersList of hospitals in New YorkLevel I Albany Medical Center Bellevue Hospital Columbia University Irving Medical Center Elmhurst Hospital Center Erie County Medical Center Jacobi Medical Center Jamaica Hospital Medical Center Kings County Hospital Center Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center Maimonides Medical Center Nassau University Medical Center NewYork-Presbyterian Queens North Shore University Hospital NYU Langone Hospital – Brooklyn NYU Winthrop Hospital Richmond University Medical Center Staten Island University Hospital Stony Brook University Hospital Strong Memorial Hospital Upstate University Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center Westchester Medical Center Level II Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center Brooklyn Methodist Hospital Good Samaritan Hospital Harlem Hospital Center MidHudson Regional Hospital of Westchester Medical Center Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital Orange Regional Medical Center South Nassau Communities Hospital Southside Hospital St. Barnabas Hospital UHS Wilson Medical Center Vassar Brothers Medical Center Level III Bassett Medical Center Brookhaven Memorial Hospital Medical Center Canton-Potsdam Hospital Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital Guthrie Corning Hospital Montefiore Nyack Hospital Northwell Health Huntington Hospital St. Elizabeth Medical Center St. Luke's Cornwall Hospital Stony Brook Southampton Hospital Level I Pediatric Cohen Children’s Medical Center John R. 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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Weill Cornell Medical College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_College"},{"link_name":"Mott Haven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mott_Haven,_Bronx"},{"link_name":"the Bronx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WCMC-library-3"},{"link_name":"NYC Health + Hospitals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYC_Health_%2B_Hospitals"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"emergency department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_department"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Hospital in New York, United StatesLincoln Hospital is a full service medical center and teaching hospital affiliated with Weill Cornell Medical College, in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City, New York.[3] The medical center is municipally owned by NYC Health + Hospitals.[1]Lincoln is known for innovative programs addressing the specific needs of the community it serves, aggressively tackling such issues as asthma, obesity, cancer, diabetes and tuberculosis.[1] Staffed by a team of more than 300 physicians, the hospital has an inpatient capacity of 347 beds, including 20 neonatal intensive care beds, 23 intensive care beds, 8 pediatric intensive care beds, 7 coronary care beds, and an 11-station renal dialysis unit.[1] With over 144,000 emergency department visits annually, Lincoln has the busiest single-site emergency department in New York City and the third-busiest in the nation.[4][5]","title":"Lincoln Hospital (Bronx)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Colored_Home_in_New_York_City,_Valentine%27s_Manual.jpg"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"},{"link_name":"South Bronx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bronx"},{"link_name":"Southern Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Boulevard_(Bronx)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archives_of_American_Art_-_Eric_Mose_-_2869.jpg"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Caribbean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean"},{"link_name":"Latin America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America"},{"link_name":"community mental health","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_mental_health_service"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-StateHealer-6"},{"link_name":"Young Lords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Lords"},{"link_name":"occupied","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Takeover_of_the_Lincoln_Hospital"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"drug detox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_detoxification"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Health_and_Hospitals_Corporation"}],"text":"The Colored Home in New York City, Valentine's Manual (1870)Lincoln Hospital was founded in 1839 as \"The Home for the Colored Aged\" by a group of prominent philanthropists known as the \"Society for the Relief of Worthy Aged Indigent Colored Persons.\"[2] The hospital's function gradually became the most important aspect of the operation, and in 1882, the name was changed to \"The Colored Home and Hospital.\"[2]In 1895, after more than half a century of occupying various sites in Manhattan, the board of trustees purchased a large lot in the South Bronx (then a semi-rural area of the city) at the corner of 141st Street and Southern Boulevard. A new hospital was built; its facilities included the latest developments in medical care.[2] The dedication took place on April 29, 1899. The hospital became a general hospital open to all people without regard to color or creed, although it maintained its founding connection as an institution dedicated to the relief and advancement of Black people. During the hospital's reorganization and eventual occupation of the new site, its name was changed to \"Lincoln Hospital and Home\", in honor of president Abraham Lincoln in 1902.[2]Eric Mose works on a Federal Art Project mural for the \"Old Lincoln Hospital\" in 1938Because of the increasing demand for services required by a more densely populated South Bronx, and a decreasing supply of philanthropic funds, in 1925 the board of trustees decided to sell Lincoln Hospital to the Department of Public Welfare of the City of New York. The great outflow of physicians to the armed forces during World War II and the drastic socioeconomic decline in the area that followed took their toll on Lincoln Hospital. With the loss of jobs from industrial restructuring, new immigrants and migrants from mostly poor, rural areas of the southern regions of the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin America did not have the steady (but low skilled) labor opportunities of prior generations of immigrants. Their long-term standard of living was impacted.The shift in population ushered in changes at Lincoln Hospital. In 1969, a 15-day takeover of the Department of Psychiatry by predominantly Black and Puerto Rican non-professional staff, marked Lincoln Hospital as a key figure in the birth of the community mental health movement. The occupiers criticized the paternalism of the white psychiatrists and challenged community mental health to be more than urban-serving institutions being dominated by well meaning elites who were neither sufficiently responsive to - nor aware of - the needs of poor urban patients.[6]The next year, on July 14, 1970, the Young Lords - a radical group of Puerto Rican activists - occupied Lincoln Hospital's administrative building to protest the city's indifference to the health needs of Puerto Rican and African American patients. They also protested the deplorable conditions of health care delivery at Lincoln Hospital and accused the medical schools (that were paid to provide hospital interns) of prioritizing the training medical students over patient care. The protest ended in the arrest of two Young Lords.[7] Several months later, in November 1970, the Young Lords and allies seized the Nurses’ Residence building at Lincoln Hospital and won use of Lincoln's anticipated drug-treatment funds; the use of space in the administrative building for a drug detox program; and the use of office space in the Psychiatry Department. Community control in the form of The People's Program was launched.[8] Lincoln Hospital enjoyed a resurgence in the 1970s as one of the finest institutions for the care of the sick and the training of professionals in the newly formed New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lincoln_Hospital_Morris_Av_jeh.jpg"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan Hospital Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Hospital_Center"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"primary care physician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_care_physician"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-history-2"},{"link_name":"Emergency Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Department"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"}],"sub_title":"Current campus","text":"Lincoln Hospital's Main Entrance from Morris AvenueIn 1976, a new facility was dedicated about two miles from the \"Old Lincoln,\" at a construction cost of 220 million dollars.[2] The present hospital building incorporates some of the most advanced concepts in hospital design and sophisticated equipment.[2] It occupies five full city blocks, providing health care to the entire South Bronx community, as well as parts of Upper Manhattan.[2] Lincoln also administers the Substance Abuse Division, located at 349 East 140th Street.[2] Similarly, Lincoln is known for its enormous success with piloting the NYC HHC's CATCH program for early identification and treatment of substance use disorders in a compassionate and understanding manner.[9]In the 1990s, Lincoln became part of the North-Manhattan/South Bronx \"Generations Plus Network\" together with Metropolitan Hospital Center, Morrisania Diagnostic and Treatment Center, and Segundo Ruiz Belvis Diagnostic and Treatment Center.[2]As of 2007, Lincoln has a capacity of 347 beds.[1] Although it constitutes 9% of the beds in the region, Lincoln caters to 31% of the health care visits of this community, where there is fewer than one primary care physician for every 4,000 people.[2]In 2014, the facility's Emergency Department reopened after undergoing a $24 million renovation and expansion project.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Emergency Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Department"},{"link_name":"Level I Trauma Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_I_Trauma_Center"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Trauma-Centers-10"},{"link_name":"New York State Department of Health","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Health"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"FDNY EMS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department_Bureau_of_EMS"},{"link_name":"asthma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhuCiriloWongFinkel2007-11"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"diabetes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes"},{"link_name":"United Hospital Fund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Hospital_Fund"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lincoln-site-1"}],"text":"As the busiest single site Emergency Department in New York City, Lincoln Hospital is an Adult Level I Trauma Center[10] and a Pediatric Level II Trauma Center. The New York State Department of Health selected Lincoln as the first hospital in the South Bronx to receive designation as an official Stroke Center.[1] The medical center also houses FDNY EMS Battalion 14.Residents of the South Bronx have the highest occurrence of asthma in New York City.[1][11] Adult and pediatric asthma patients receive immediate attention from Lincoln's medical staff, set specifically aside in the Emergency Department's designated \"Asthma Room\".[1] Adult patients are enrolled in Lincoln's Comprehensive Care for Patients with Asthma Clinic.[1] The Lincoln Asthma and Allergy Clinic provides an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to asthma and allergy management.[1]Lincoln's specialty diabetes clinics include adult, pediatric, pregnancy and diabetes education programs, as well as recently receiving a grant from the United Hospital Fund to implement a new health literacy program for its diabetes clinic.[1] Disease educators can be consulted around-the-clock and diabetes case management is available for pediatric patients.[1]Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center received high quality ratings from the New York State Department of Health from hospital profiles comparing key quality measures and treatments for specific conditions in hospitals statewide.[1] Lincoln ranked number two for appropriate care in New York State in the areas of heart attack and heart failure care, as well as surgical infection prevention, an HHC corporate initiative.[1]Some of Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center's specialty services include: AIDS Center; Asthma Treatment; Diabetes Treatment; Level III Perinatal Center; Regional Trauma Center; Stroke Center; Women's Health Center; Child and Teen Health Services; SAFE (SART) Center.[1]Lincoln Hospital also hosts several residency training programs, including emergency medicine and internal medicine, as well as some fellowship training programs.","title":"Services"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"public health","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health"},{"link_name":"infectious disease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_disease"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaseemLakdawalaPatelKapoor2012-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiaRomeroSiaPou2011-13"},{"link_name":"trauma (medicine)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma_(medicine)"},{"link_name":"emergency medicine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medicine"},{"link_name":"Ivatury et al. (1981)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFIvaturyShahItoRamirez-Schon1981"},{"link_name":"thoracotomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotomy"},{"link_name":"penetrating trauma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetrating_trauma"},{"link_name":"gunshot wounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunshot_wounds"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKihtirIvaturySimonNassoura1993-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaoIvaturySharmaVinzons1993-15"},{"link_name":"rectal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal"},{"link_name":"genitourinary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankoIvaturySchwalb1993-16"},{"link_name":"scoop and run","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoop_and_run"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGervinFischer1982-17"},{"link_name":"biomarkers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarkers"},{"link_name":"pHi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvaturySimonIslamFueg1996-18"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaputoFraserPaligaKanter2012a-19"},{"link_name":"lactic acid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaputoFraserPaligaMatarlo2012b-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKannaNarangAtwalPaul2009-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashAzeezVlahovSchori2006-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornwellJacobsWalkerJacobs1995-23"},{"link_name":"bullying","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaseemRyanFosterPeterson2013b-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaseemArshadLeberPerales2013a-25"},{"link_name":"child abuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_abuse"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillerRubin2009-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyleWidhalm1979-27"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Lincoln Hospital's location has allowed access to a unique demographic of New York City's population, with some of the city's most ill, impoverished, and crime-impacted all concentrated in its surrounding neighborhoods. Currently, its Department of Graduate Medical Education oversees nine residency programs for training physicians and dentists in emergency medicine, general surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, oral maxillofacial surgery, general dentistry, a transitional year, and preliminary medicine programs. The hospital has contributed to the medical community in various fields of study, most notably in public health, infectious disease,[12][13] trauma (medicine), and emergency medicine.Ivatury et al. (1981) reported the value of immediate emergency department thoracotomy in a patient group of fatally penetrating trauma. Other studies have improved the diagnosis and management of gunshot wounds,[14][15] rectal and genitourinary injuries,[16] as well as \"scoop and run\" utility in prompt and emergency care in unstable patients.[17]More recent research has examined oxygen delivery in trauma patients, looking at biomarkers and physiological parameters such as organ-specific pHi monitoring.,[18] \"damage-control surgery in life-threatening injuries, the importance of measuring intra-abdominal pressure, the concept of intraabdominal hypertension as a prelude to the morbid abdominal compartment syndrome, and pioneering \"open-abdomen\" management.[citation needed] The only text book on penetrating trauma was published from Lincoln.[citation needed] Other studies have challenged the utilization of accepted predictive markers such as vital signs,[19] and serum lactic acid levels, in trying to employ the use of end-tidal carbon dioxide as a better diagnostic and prognostic marker in penetrating trauma patients.[20]Lincoln has also tackled many public health issues, such as helping recognize healthcare disparities among inner-city minority New Yorkers,[21] as well as eliminating systemic barriers for preventative care measures in one of the nation's poorest census tracts.[22] The hospital has also approached issues such as violence prevention,[23] bullying,[24][25] child abuse,[26] and counseling and treatment of at-risk youth.[27] Every year the hospital also holds the Lincoln Annual Research Symposium where over a hundred research projects are presented in competition. This event is judged by a panel of clinicians from the most major New York City hospitals, including Columbia University, Cornell University, and Montefiore Medical Center.[citation needed]","title":"Research and contributions"}]
[{"image_text":"The Colored Home in New York City, Valentine's Manual (1870)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Colored_Home_in_New_York_City%2C_Valentine%27s_Manual.jpg/220px-The_Colored_Home_in_New_York_City%2C_Valentine%27s_Manual.jpg"},{"image_text":"Eric Mose works on a Federal Art Project mural for the \"Old Lincoln Hospital\" in 1938","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Archives_of_American_Art_-_Eric_Mose_-_2869.jpg/220px-Archives_of_American_Art_-_Eric_Mose_-_2869.jpg"},{"image_text":"Lincoln Hospital's Main Entrance from Morris Avenue","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lincoln_Hospital_Morris_Av_jeh.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Hospital_Morris_Av_jeh.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Lincoln School for Nurses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_School_for_Nurses"},{"title":"Lincoln Detox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Detox"},{"title":"1970 takeover of the Lincoln Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_takeover_of_the_Lincoln_Hospital"},{"title":"2015 New York Legionnaires' disease outbreak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_New_York_Legionnaires%27_disease_outbreak"},{"title":"Weill Cornell Medical College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_College"},{"title":"NYC Health + Hospitals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYC_Health_%2B_Hospitals"}]
[{"reference":"\"About Lincoln\". The City of New York. Retrieved April 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/lincoln/about-lincoln-hospital/","url_text":"\"About Lincoln\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_City_of_New_York","url_text":"The City of New York"}]},{"reference":"\"History\". City of New York. Retrieved April 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/lincoln/about-lincoln-hospital/history/","url_text":"\"History\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_New_York","url_text":"City of New York"}]},{"reference":"\"Weill Cornell Medical College of Medical Affiliated Institutions and Departments\". Retrieved 2013-06-28.","urls":[{"url":"http://weill.cornell.edu/about-us/us-and-international-affiliations.html","url_text":"\"Weill Cornell Medical College of Medical Affiliated Institutions and Departments\""}]},{"reference":"David Stephenson Rohde (April 20, 1998). \"Trauma Centers Short of Patients As New York's Crime Rate Drops\". The New York Times. Retrieved April 9, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/20/nyregion/trauma-centers-short-of-patients-as-new-york-s-crime-rate-drops.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm","url_text":"\"Trauma Centers Short of Patients As New York's Crime Rate Drops\""}]},{"reference":"Winnie Hu (May 28, 2014). \"Cool and Calm at Center of an Emergency Room. Maelstrom in the Bronx\". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-06-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/nyregion/lincoln-hospitals-emergency-room-may-be-new-york-citys-busiest.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm","url_text":"\"Cool and Calm at Center of an Emergency Room. Maelstrom in the Bronx\""}]},{"reference":"Herman, Ellen (1995). \"The Romance of Psychology: The Growth Industry - The State as Healer - Mental Health as Public Policy\". University of California Press: EBooks Collection. pp. 256–257. Retrieved 2022-02-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft696nb3n8&chunk.id=d0e5184&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e5184&brand=ucpress","url_text":"\"The Romance of Psychology: The Growth Industry - The State as Healer - Mental Health as Public Policy\""}]},{"reference":"Narvaez, Alfonso (July 15, 1970). \"Young Lords Seize Lincoln Hospital Building: Offices are Held for Twelve Hours - Official Calls Points Valid\". The New York Times. Retrieved 2019-05-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1970/07/15/80035848.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=LedeAsset&region=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article&pageNumber=34","url_text":"\"Young Lords Seize Lincoln Hospital Building: Offices are Held for Twelve Hours - Official Calls Points Valid\""}]},{"reference":"Kuwabara Blanchard, Sessi (2018-10-30). \"How the Young Lords Took Lincoln Hospital, Left a Health Activism Legacy\". Filter Magazine. Retrieved 2019-05-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://filtermag.org/2018/10/30/how-the-young-lords-took-lincoln-hospital-and-left-a-health-activism-legacy","url_text":"\"How the Young Lords Took Lincoln Hospital, Left a Health Activism Legacy\""}]},{"reference":"\"Six Hospitals Engaging 8,000 More Patients with Opioid Use Disorder\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/pressrelease/six-hospitals-engaging-8000-more-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder/","url_text":"\"Six Hospitals Engaging 8,000 More Patients with Opioid Use Disorder\""}]},{"reference":"\"Trauma Centers\". American College of Surgeons. Retrieved October 11, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.facs.org/search/trauma-centers?state=NY&city=bronx","url_text":"\"Trauma Centers\""}]},{"reference":"Caputo, N.; Fraser, R.; Paliga, A.; Kanter, M.; Hosford, K.; Madlinger, R. (2012a). \"Triage vital signs do not correlate with serum lactate or base deficit, and are less predictive of operative intervention in penetrating trauma patients: A prospective cohort study\". Emerg Med J. 30 (7): 546–550. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-201343. PMID 22802455. S2CID 39900957.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1136%2Femermed-2012-201343","url_text":"10.1136/emermed-2012-201343"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22802455","url_text":"22802455"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39900957","url_text":"39900957"}]},{"reference":"Caputo, Nicholas D.; Fraser, Robert M.; Paliga, Andrew; Matarlo, Jennifer; Kanter, Marc; Hosford, Karlene; Madlinger, Robert (2012b). \"Nasal cannula end-tidal CO2 correlates with serum lactate levels and odds of operative intervention in penetrating trauma patients: A prospective cohort study\". Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 73 (5): 1202–1207. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318270198c. PMID 23117381. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Mount_Cemetery_(Montpelier,_Vermont)
Green Mount Cemetery (Montpelier, Vermont)
["1 History","2 Description","3 Soldiers' Lot","4 Notable burials","5 Notes","6 References","7 External links"]
Coordinates: 44°15′28″N 72°35′47″W / 44.25778°N 72.59639°W / 44.25778; -72.59639Cemetery in Montpelier, Vermont Green Mount CemeteryWelcome sign, Green Mount CemeteryDetailsEstablished1854Location250 State Street, Montpelier, VermontCountryUnited StatesTypePublicOwned byCity of Montpelier, VermontSize35 acresWebsiteGreen Mount Cemetery Green Mount Cemetery is a burial ground in Montpelier, Vermont. Located at 250 State Street, the 35-acre facility was established in 1854. It is operated by the City of Montpelier, and managed by the city's part time cemetery commission and a small full-time staff. History Entrance, Green Mount Cemetery The land on which Green Mount Cemetery is located was purchased from Isaiah Silver in 1854. Of the $2,210 purchase price (about $70,000 in 2022), $1,000 was donated in accordance with the will of Calvin J. Keith, a Montpelier lawyer who died in 1853, and $1,210 came from the town government. In 1905, a bequest from John E. Hubbard enabled construction of the chapel-vault building. The vault portion can hold up to 60 entombments, while the chapel can accommodate 60 people for funeral services. Description Green Mount Cemetery's grounds include many terraced lots along its hillsides, 2.5 miles of winding roads, and numerous ornamental shrubs and shade trees. The cemetery's many sculptures and unusual grave markers are a tourist attraction, and serve as a memorial to the talents of artisans from Vermont's granite and marble industries. Among these sculptures is a granite bench located at the grave of Daniel Pierce Thompson. Local lore also includes the story of 'Black Agnes', a supposed ghost that haunts the statue adorning the grave of John E. Hubbard, who died in 1899. Soldiers' Lot The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) maintains a 450-square-foot lot which was donated by Montpelier's citizens during the American Civil War. The lot was intended for burials of Union Army soldiers, and contains the remains of six Union veterans. The Soldiers' Lot is one of the smallest facilities maintained by the VA. Burials in the Soldiers' Lot include: Black, Henry – Private in 3rd Maine Infantry, 17th Maine, and 20th Maine. Died at Montpelier's Sloan Army Hospital in 1865. Collins, Luther M. – Private in 17th Vermont Infantry. Died in 1871. Hand, Thomas – Private in Company I, 174th New York Infantry and 162nd New York Infantry. Later a member of 26th Company, 2nd Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps. Died at Sloan Hospital in 1865. Mooney, John – Died at Sloan Army Hospital in 1865. Pierce, Ira Frank – Served in Company I, 11th Vermont Infantry, which was later designated 1st Vermont Heavy Artillery. Died in 1927. Whitney, William W. – Sergeant in 1st Vermont Cavalry. Died at Sloan Army Hospital in 1865. Notable burials George W. Bailey Jr., Secretary of State of Vermont John William Burgess, political scientist Ruth Payne Burgess, artist John W. Clark, recipient of the Medal of Honor Dayton P. Clarke, recipient of the Medal of Honor Robert J. Coffey, recipient of the Medal of Honor Benjamin F. Fifield, United States Attorney for the District of Vermont Benjamin Gates, Vermont Auditor of Accounts George H. Guernsey, architect George Howes, Vermont State Treasurer Fred A. Howland, Secretary of State of Vermont Elisha P. Jewett, Vermont State Treasurer Merrill W. Harris, President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate Levi R. Kelley, Vermont State Treasurer Farrand F. Merrill, Secretary of State of Vermont Jonathan Peckham Miller, abolitionist Rawson C. Myrick, Secretary of State of Vermont John A. Page, Vermont State Treasurer James Stevens Peck, Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard Lucius Benedict Peck, United States Representative (Vermont's 4th district) Clarence H. Pitkin, U.S. Attorney for Vermont Charles W. Porter, Secretary of State of Vermont Samuel Prentiss, United States Senator Timothy P. Redfield, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court Frederick M. Reed, Vermont Attorney General John H. Senter, U.S. Attorney for Vermont John Spaulding, Vermont State Treasurer Mason S. Stone, Lieutenant governor of Vermont Stephen Thomas, recipient of the Medal of Honor Daniel Pierce Thompson, novelist who also served as Secretary of State of Vermont Eliakim Persons Walton, United States Representative (Vermont's 1st district) John H. Watson, Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court Charles W. Willard, United States Representative (Vermont's 1st district) Thomas Waterman Wood, artist Notes ^ There are duplicate grave markers for Henry Black and William W. Whitney. References ^ a b c d e f g Montpelier Cemetery Commission. "Green Mount Cemetery". Montpelier-VT.org. Montpelier, VT: City of Montpelier, Vermont. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ Montpelier Cemetery Commission (1855). Services at the Dedication of Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt. E. P. Walton. p. 4 – via Google Books. ^ Heller, Paul (2015). Montpelier Chronicles: Historic Stories of the Capital City. Charleston, SC: The History Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-6258-5602-9 – via Google Books. ^ "Black Agnes Statue". Vermont History. Barre, VT: Vermont Historical Society. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ a b c National Park Service. "Green Mount Cemetery Soldiers' Lot, Montpelier, Vermont". NPS.gov. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ a b Heller, Paul (December 28, 2021). "The Soldiers' Lot in Green Mount Cemetery". Barre Montpelier Times Argus. Barre, VT. Retrieved July 5, 2022. ^ Merrill, Timothy R., Montpelier City Clerk. "Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Death Record for George W. Bailey Jr". Ancestry.com. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ a b Garrett, Pam (2015). "Biography, John William Burgess". Markham of Chesterfield: Ancestors and Descendants of John Markham. Pamela Hutchison Garrett. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ "Death Notice, John W. Clark". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. August 10, 1898. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Photograph: Clark, Dayton Perry". John Gibson Collection. Vermont in the Civil War. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ "Biography, Coffey, Robert John". Soldier Biographies. Vermont in the Civil War. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ "Mr. Fifield's Funeral". Montpelier Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. July 25, 1918 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Final Tribute Paid Benjamin Gates In Simple Rites". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. October 7, 1943. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com. ^ a b Fletcher, Jane (2021). "Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier: Prominent People Buried There". Voca58.org. Brattleboro, VT: Vermont Old Cemetery Association. Retrieved July 4, 2022. ^ "Death Notice, George Howes". Granite City Leader. Barre, VT. February 2, 1892. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Services Held for Fred Howland; Church is Filled". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. April 4, 1953. p. 14. ^ "Death Notice, Elisha Payne Jewett". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. August 22, 1894 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "M. W. Harris, Insurance Executive, Legislator, Dies in Montpelier". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. May 4, 1967. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Levi R. Kelley Dies at 68; Former State, UVM Treasurer". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Death of Hon. F. F. Merrill". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. May 6, 1859. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Rawson Myrick Dies, Former State Official". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. April 10, 1974. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Funeral of Ex-State Treasurer Page". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. August 27, 1891. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Death Notice, James S. Peck". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. June 4, 1884. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives. "Biography, Lucius Benedict Peck". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ "Death Came Today to C. H. Pitkin". The Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. May 31, 1901 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Funeral of Hon. C. W. Porter". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. August 12, 1891. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Prominent People Buried in Vermont: Samuel Prentiss". www.voca58.org/. Burlington, VT: Vermont Old Cemetery Association. Retrieved July 14, 2017. ^ Ullery, Jacob G. (1894). Men of Vermont: An Illustrated Biographical History of Vermonters and Sons of Vermonters. Brattleboro, VT: Transcript Publishing Company. p. 187 – via Google Books. ^ "Obituary, Frederick M. Reed, 1924-2012". Meaningfulfunerals.net/. 2012. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. ^ "Funeral of Mr. Senter". Montpelier Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. January 24, 1916 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Wing, George W., Town Clerk (April 26, 1870). "Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Death Entry for John Spaulding". Ancestry.com. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com, LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ "Funeral Rites Held for Mason S. Stone". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. July 17, 1940. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Last Honors Paid To Gen. Stephen Thomas". The Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. December 21, 1903. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "A Guide to the Daniel P. Thompson Manuscripts, ca. 1841-1866" (PDF). Vermont History.org. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Historical Society. 1995. p. 4. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ "Hon. E. P. Walton Dead". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. December 24, 1890. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Hold Funeral of Justice Watson: Head of Vermont Supreme Court is Laid to Rest in Green Mount Cemetery in Montpelier". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. December 11, 1929 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives. "Biography, Charles Wesley Willard". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress. Retrieved July 2, 2022. ^ "Last Honors To T. W. Wood". The Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. April 17, 1903. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. External links Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vermont at Find A Grave Green Mount Cemetery Soldiers' Lot at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Cemetery Administration 44°15′28″N 72°35′47″W / 44.25778°N 72.59639°W / 44.25778; -72.59639
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Montpelier, Vermont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Commission-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Commission-1"}],"text":"Cemetery in Montpelier, VermontGreen Mount Cemetery is a burial ground in Montpelier, Vermont. Located at 250 State Street, the 35-acre facility was established in 1854.[1] It is operated by the City of Montpelier, and managed by the city's part time cemetery commission and a small full-time staff.[1]","title":"Green Mount Cemetery (Montpelier, Vermont)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Green_Mount_Cemetery_(Montpelier,_Vermont)_entrance.jpg"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Commission-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Commission-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Commission-1"}],"text":"Entrance, Green Mount CemeteryThe land on which Green Mount Cemetery is located was purchased from Isaiah Silver in 1854.[2] Of the $2,210 purchase price (about $70,000 in 2022), $1,000 was donated in accordance with the will of Calvin J. Keith, a Montpelier lawyer who died in 1853, and $1,210 came from the town government.[1] In 1905, a bequest from John E. Hubbard enabled construction of the chapel-vault building.[1] The vault portion can hold up to 60 entombments, while the chapel can accommodate 60 people for funeral services.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Commission-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Commission-1"},{"link_name":"Daniel Pierce Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pierce_Thompson"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Green Mount Cemetery's grounds include many terraced lots along its hillsides, 2.5 miles of winding roads, and numerous ornamental shrubs and shade trees.[1] The cemetery's many sculptures and unusual grave markers are a tourist attraction, and serve as a memorial to the talents of artisans from Vermont's granite and marble industries.[1] Among these sculptures is a granite bench located at the grave of Daniel Pierce Thompson.[3] Local lore also includes the story of 'Black Agnes', a supposed ghost that haunts the statue adorning the grave of John E. Hubbard, who died in 1899.[4]","title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NPS-5"},{"link_name":"Union Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NPS-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NPS-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Heller-6"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Private","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"3rd Maine Infantry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Maine_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"17th Maine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Maine_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"20th Maine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Maine_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"17th Vermont Infantry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Vermont_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"174th New York Infantry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/174th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"162nd New York Infantry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/162nd_New_York_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"Veteran Reserve Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veteran_Reserve_Corps"},{"link_name":"11th Vermont Infantry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Vermont_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"Sergeant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergeant_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"1st Vermont Cavalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Vermont_Cavalry_Regiment"}],"text":"The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) maintains a 450-square-foot lot which was donated by Montpelier's citizens during the American Civil War.[5] The lot was intended for burials of Union Army soldiers, and contains the remains of six Union veterans.[5] The Soldiers' Lot is one of the smallest facilities maintained by the VA.[5]Burials in the Soldiers' Lot include:[6][a]Black, Henry – Private in 3rd Maine Infantry, 17th Maine, and 20th Maine. Died at Montpelier's Sloan Army Hospital in 1865.\nCollins, Luther M. – Private in 17th Vermont Infantry. Died in 1871.\nHand, Thomas – Private in Company I, 174th New York Infantry and 162nd New York Infantry. Later a member of 26th Company, 2nd Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps. Died at Sloan Hospital in 1865.\nMooney, John – Died at Sloan Army Hospital in 1865.\nPierce, Ira Frank – Served in Company I, 11th Vermont Infantry, which was later designated 1st Vermont Heavy Artillery. Died in 1927.\nWhitney, William W. – Sergeant in 1st Vermont Cavalry. Died at Sloan Army Hospital in 1865.","title":"Soldiers' Lot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"George W. Bailey Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bailey_Jr."},{"link_name":"Secretary of State of Vermont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Vermont"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"John William Burgess","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burgess_(political_scientist)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgess-9"},{"link_name":"Ruth Payne Burgess","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Payne_Burgess"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgess-9"},{"link_name":"John W. Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Clark_(Medal_of_Honor)"},{"link_name":"Medal of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Dayton P. Clarke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_P._Clarke"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Robert J. Coffey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Coffey"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Benjamin F. Fifield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_F._Fifield"},{"link_name":"United States Attorney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney"},{"link_name":"District of Vermont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Vermont"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Benjamin Gates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Gates_(Vermont_politician)"},{"link_name":"Vermont Auditor of Accounts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Auditor_of_Accounts"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"George H. Guernsey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Guernsey"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOCA-15"},{"link_name":"George Howes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Howes_(Vermont_Treasurer)"},{"link_name":"Vermont State Treasurer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_State_Treasurer"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Fred A. Howland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_A._Howland"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Elisha P. Jewett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_P._Jewett"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Merrill W. Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill_W._Harris"},{"link_name":"President pro tempore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Vermont_State_Senate"},{"link_name":"Vermont Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Senate"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Levi R. Kelley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_R._Kelley"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Farrand F. Merrill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrand_F._Merrill"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Jonathan Peckham Miller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Miller_(abolitionist)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOCA-15"},{"link_name":"Rawson C. Myrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawson_C._Myrick"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"John A. Page","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._Page"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"James Stevens Peck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stevens_Peck"},{"link_name":"Adjutant General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_adjutant_general"},{"link_name":"Vermont National Guard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_National_Guard"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Lucius Benedict Peck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Benedict_Peck"},{"link_name":"United States Representative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont%27s_4th_congressional_district"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Clarence H. Pitkin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_H._Pitkin"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Charles W. Porter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_W._Porter"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Samuel Prentiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Prentiss"},{"link_name":"United States Senator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Timothy P. Redfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_P._Redfield"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Frederick M. Reed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_M._Reed"},{"link_name":"Vermont Attorney General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Attorney_General"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"John H. Senter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H._Senter"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"John Spaulding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Spaulding_(Vermont_Treasurer)"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Mason S. Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_S._Stone"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant governor of Vermont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Vermont"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Stephen Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_(Medal_of_Honor)"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"Daniel Pierce Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pierce_Thompson"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"Eliakim Persons Walton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliakim_Persons_Walton"},{"link_name":"United States Representative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont%27s_1st_congressional_district"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"John H. Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H._Watson_(Vermont_judge)"},{"link_name":"Chief Justice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Vermont_Supreme_Court"},{"link_name":"Vermont Supreme Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"Charles W. Willard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_W._Willard"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"Thomas Waterman Wood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Waterman_Wood"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"}],"text":"George W. Bailey Jr., Secretary of State of Vermont[7]\nJohn William Burgess, political scientist[8]\nRuth Payne Burgess, artist[8]\nJohn W. Clark, recipient of the Medal of Honor[9]\nDayton P. Clarke, recipient of the Medal of Honor[10]\nRobert J. Coffey, recipient of the Medal of Honor[11]\nBenjamin F. Fifield, United States Attorney for the District of Vermont[12]\nBenjamin Gates, Vermont Auditor of Accounts[13]\nGeorge H. Guernsey, architect[14]\nGeorge Howes, Vermont State Treasurer[15]\nFred A. Howland, Secretary of State of Vermont[16]\nElisha P. Jewett, Vermont State Treasurer[17]\nMerrill W. Harris, President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate[18]\nLevi R. Kelley, Vermont State Treasurer[19]\nFarrand F. Merrill, Secretary of State of Vermont[20]\nJonathan Peckham Miller, abolitionist[14]\nRawson C. Myrick, Secretary of State of Vermont[21]\nJohn A. Page, Vermont State Treasurer[22]\nJames Stevens Peck, Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard[23]\nLucius Benedict Peck, United States Representative (Vermont's 4th district)[24]\nClarence H. Pitkin, U.S. Attorney for Vermont[25]\nCharles W. Porter, Secretary of State of Vermont[26]\nSamuel Prentiss, United States Senator[27]\nTimothy P. Redfield, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court[28]\nFrederick M. Reed, Vermont Attorney General[29]\nJohn H. Senter, U.S. Attorney for Vermont[30]\nJohn Spaulding, Vermont State Treasurer[31]\nMason S. Stone, Lieutenant governor of Vermont[32]\nStephen Thomas, recipient of the Medal of Honor[33]\nDaniel Pierce Thompson, novelist who also served as Secretary of State of Vermont[34]\nEliakim Persons Walton, United States Representative (Vermont's 1st district)[35]\nJohn H. Watson, Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court[36]\nCharles W. Willard, United States Representative (Vermont's 1st district)[37]\nThomas Waterman Wood, artist[38]","title":"Notable burials"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Heller-6"}],"text":"^ There are duplicate grave markers for Henry Black and William W. Whitney.[6]","title":"Notes"}]
[{"image_text":"Entrance, Green Mount Cemetery","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Green_Mount_Cemetery_%28Montpelier%2C_Vermont%29_entrance.jpg/220px-Green_Mount_Cemetery_%28Montpelier%2C_Vermont%29_entrance.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Montpelier Cemetery Commission. \"Green Mount Cemetery\". Montpelier-VT.org. Montpelier, VT: City of Montpelier, Vermont. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.montpelier-vt.org/158/Green-Mount-Cemetery","url_text":"\"Green Mount Cemetery\""}]},{"reference":"Montpelier Cemetery Commission (1855). Services at the Dedication of Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt. E. P. Walton. p. 4 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ciwTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4","url_text":"Services at the Dedication of Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"Heller, Paul (2015). Montpelier Chronicles: Historic Stories of the Capital City. Charleston, SC: The History Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-6258-5602-9 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zrugCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA45","url_text":"Montpelier Chronicles: Historic Stories of the Capital City"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6258-5602-9","url_text":"978-1-6258-5602-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"\"Black Agnes Statue\". Vermont History. Barre, VT: Vermont Historical Society. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vermonthistory.org/black-agnes-statue","url_text":"\"Black Agnes Statue\""}]},{"reference":"National Park Service. \"Green Mount Cemetery Soldiers' Lot, Montpelier, Vermont\". NPS.gov. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/vermont/green_mount_cemetery_soldiers_lot.html","url_text":"\"Green Mount Cemetery Soldiers' Lot, Montpelier, Vermont\""}]},{"reference":"Heller, Paul (December 28, 2021). \"The Soldiers' Lot in Green Mount Cemetery\". Barre Montpelier Times Argus. Barre, VT. Retrieved July 5, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.timesargus.com/news/local/the-soldiers-lot-in-green-mount-cemetery/article_793f13a2-3af9-5d15-8225-f9b46d285407.html","url_text":"\"The Soldiers' Lot in Green Mount Cemetery\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barre_Montpelier_Times_Argus","url_text":"Barre Montpelier Times Argus"}]},{"reference":"Merrill, Timothy R., Montpelier City Clerk. \"Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Death Record for George W. Bailey Jr\". Ancestry.com. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/9130:4661","url_text":"\"Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Death Record for George W. Bailey Jr\""}]},{"reference":"Garrett, Pam (2015). \"Biography, John William Burgess\". Markham of Chesterfield: Ancestors and Descendants of John Markham. Pamela Hutchison Garrett. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"http://markhamchesterfield.com/biographies/burgjohn3816_bio.php","url_text":"\"Biography, John William Burgess\""}]},{"reference":"\"Death Notice, John W. Clark\". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. August 10, 1898. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104820934/john-clark/","url_text":"\"Death Notice, John W. Clark\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Photograph: Clark, Dayton Perry\". John Gibson Collection. Vermont in the Civil War. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vermontcivilwar.org/museum/gibson/getphoto.php?input=1238","url_text":"\"Photograph: Clark, Dayton Perry\""}]},{"reference":"\"Biography, Coffey, Robert John\". Soldier Biographies. Vermont in the Civil War. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vermontcivilwar.org/get.php?input=1332","url_text":"\"Biography, Coffey, Robert John\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mr. Fifield's Funeral\". Montpelier Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. July 25, 1918 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104822758/fifield-funeral/","url_text":"\"Mr. Fifield's Funeral\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barre_Montpelier_Times_Argus","url_text":"Montpelier Evening Argus"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Final Tribute Paid Benjamin Gates In Simple Rites\". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. October 7, 1943. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104822906/final-tribute/","url_text":"\"Final Tribute Paid Benjamin Gates In Simple Rites\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"Fletcher, Jane (2021). \"Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier: Prominent People Buried There\". Voca58.org. Brattleboro, VT: Vermont Old Cemetery Association. Retrieved July 4, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.voca58.org/cemeteries/cemetery.php?Town=Montpelier&Name=Green%20Mount","url_text":"\"Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier: Prominent People Buried There\""}]},{"reference":"\"Death Notice, George Howes\". Granite City Leader. Barre, VT. February 2, 1892. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93800732/george-howes/","url_text":"\"Death Notice, George Howes\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Services Held for Fred Howland; Church is Filled\". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. April 4, 1953. p. 14.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104823244/services-held/","url_text":"\"Services Held for Fred Howland; Church is Filled\""}]},{"reference":"\"Death Notice, Elisha Payne Jewett\". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. August 22, 1894 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104823500/elisha-jewett/","url_text":"\"Death Notice, Elisha Payne Jewett\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"M. W. Harris, Insurance Executive, Legislator, Dies in Montpelier\". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. May 4, 1967. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104823766/mw-harris/","url_text":"\"M. W. Harris, Insurance Executive, Legislator, Dies in Montpelier\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press","url_text":"The Burlington Free Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Levi R. Kelley Dies at 68; Former State, UVM Treasurer\". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104824127/obituary-for-levi-ray-kelley-aged-68/","url_text":"\"Levi R. Kelley Dies at 68; Former State, UVM Treasurer\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press","url_text":"The Burlington Free Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Death of Hon. F. F. Merrill\". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. May 6, 1859. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104825074/ff-merrill/","url_text":"\"Death of Hon. F. F. Merrill\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press","url_text":"The Burlington Free Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Rawson Myrick Dies, Former State Official\". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. April 10, 1974. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104825274/myrick-dies/","url_text":"\"Rawson Myrick Dies, Former State Official\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Funeral of Ex-State Treasurer Page\". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. August 27, 1891. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104825447/page-funeral/","url_text":"\"Funeral of Ex-State Treasurer Page\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press","url_text":"The Burlington Free Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Death Notice, James S. Peck\". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. June 4, 1884. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104825798/james-peck/","url_text":"\"Death Notice, James S. Peck\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives. \"Biography, Lucius Benedict Peck\". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000178","url_text":"\"Biography, Lucius Benedict Peck\""}]},{"reference":"\"Death Came Today to C. H. Pitkin\". The Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. May 31, 1901 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60171875/obituary-for-clarence-horatio-pitkin/","url_text":"\"Death Came Today to C. H. Pitkin\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barre_Montpelier_Times_Argus","url_text":"The Evening Argus"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Funeral of Hon. C. W. Porter\". Vermont Watchman & State Journal. Montpelier, VT. August 12, 1891. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104827035/funeral-porter/","url_text":"\"Funeral of Hon. C. W. Porter\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Prominent People Buried in Vermont: Samuel Prentiss\". www.voca58.org/. Burlington, VT: Vermont Old Cemetery Association. Retrieved July 14, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.voca58.org/cemeteries/fpcat.php?input=U.S.%20Senator","url_text":"\"Prominent People Buried in Vermont: Samuel Prentiss\""}]},{"reference":"Ullery, Jacob G. (1894). Men of Vermont: An Illustrated Biographical History of Vermonters and Sons of Vermonters. Brattleboro, VT: Transcript Publishing Company. p. 187 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Nvg_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA187","url_text":"Men of Vermont: An Illustrated Biographical History of Vermonters and Sons of Vermonters"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"\"Obituary, Frederick M. Reed, 1924-2012\". Meaningfulfunerals.net/. 2012. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170510121152/https://www.meaningfulfunerals.net/home/index.cfm/obituaries/view/fh_id/11183/id/1432577","url_text":"\"Obituary, Frederick M. Reed, 1924-2012\""},{"url":"https://www.meaningfulfunerals.net/home/index.cfm/obituaries/view/fh_id/11183/id/1432577","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Funeral of Mr. Senter\". Montpelier Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. January 24, 1916 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104829892/senter-funeral/","url_text":"\"Funeral of Mr. Senter\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barre_Montpelier_Times_Argus","url_text":"Montpelier Evening Argus"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"Wing, George W., Town Clerk (April 26, 1870). \"Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Death Entry for John Spaulding\". Ancestry.com. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com, LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/387121:4661","url_text":"\"Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Death Entry for John Spaulding\""}]},{"reference":"\"Funeral Rites Held for Mason S. Stone\". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. July 17, 1940. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94112592/obituary-for-mason-s-stone/","url_text":"\"Funeral Rites Held for Mason S. Stone\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press","url_text":"The Burlington Free Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Last Honors Paid To Gen. Stephen Thomas\". The Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. December 21, 1903. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104830160/thomas-honors/","url_text":"\"Last Honors Paid To Gen. 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The Evening Argus. Montpelier, VT. April 17, 1903. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104831907/tw-wood/","url_text":"\"Last Honors To T. W. Wood\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barre_Montpelier_Times_Argus","url_text":"The Evening Argus"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenochori,_Cyprus
Armenochori, Cyprus
["1 History","1.1 Ancient","1.2 Ottoman Period","1.3 Modern","2 References"]
Coordinates: 34°44′40″N 33°7′45″E / 34.74444°N 33.12917°E / 34.74444; 33.12917For other uses, see Armenochori. Village in Limassol District, CyprusArmenochori Greek: Αρμενοχώρι; Turkish: Esenköy;Armenian: ԱրմենոխորիvillageArmenochoriLocation in CyprusCoordinates: 34°44′40″N 33°7′45″E / 34.74444°N 33.12917°E / 34.74444; 33.12917Country CyprusDistrictLimassol DistrictGovernment • TypeCommunity CouncilArea • Total3,164 sq mi (8,195 km2)Population (2001) • Total167Time zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)Postcode4523Area code5121 Armenochori (Greek: Αρμενοχώρι; Turkish: Esenköy; Armenian: Արմենոխորի) is an Armenian village located in the Limassol District of Cyprus, 10 kilometres (6 miles) northeast of the city of Limassol. Armenochori means “Armenian village” in Greek. In 1958, the Turkish Cypriots adopted the alternative name Esenköy, literally meaning “windy village.” History Ancient Tigranes the Great with four Kings surrounding him Armenochori is one of the oldest villages of Limassol District. Early signs of inhabitation are known to be dated to 85BC, when the emperor of Armenia named Tigranes the Great, son of Khoren the Great III, (Armenian: Տիգրան Մեծ Tigran Mets; Greek: Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας Tigránes o Mégas) had conquered Syria, Lebanon, parts of Israel, Anatolia and Cyprus. Part of Tigranes' army remained in Cyprus in order to guarantee the security of the Greek population of the island against aggressive Arabians. After continuing his achievements throughout the middle east, Tigran orders some of his leading military personnel to stay behind in the areas of modern Armenochori to monitor developments of agreements of protection of local Greek allies. The area of Armenochori was strategically convenient to watch over the Mediterranean horizon and sound alarm against possible invasions by enemies. Ancient history says: Tigranes, to whom Lucullus had sent an ambassador, though of no great power in the beginning of his reign, had enlarged it so much by a series of successes, of which there are few examples, that he was commonly surnamed "King of Kings." After having overthrown and almost ruined the family of the kings, successors of the great Seleucus; after having very often humbled the pride of the Parthians, transported whole cities of Greeks into Media, conquered all Syria and Palestine, and given laws to the Arabians called Scenites, he reigned with an authority respected by all the princes of Asia. The people paid him honors after the manners of the East, even to adoration. Ottoman Period The Kingdom of Armenia at its greatest extent under Tigranes the Great Armenochori/Esenköy was turned into a Turkish Cypriot village during the Ottoman period. Although some Greek Cypriot and Armenian families lived there between 1891 and 1931, almost all of them left the village by the 1940s. Over the course of the British period, the population of the village doubled, rising from 89 persons in 1891 to 162 in 1960. Modern Today the village is the choice of residence of wealthy businessmen from Cyprus, Russia, Armenia and other countries. It has a population of 187 people. References ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2011-05-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ Census 2001 ^ Rollins, Charles (1844). Ancient History, vol. 4: History of the Macedonians, the Seleucidae in Syria, and Parthians. New York: R. Carter. p. 461. vteLimassol DistrictMunicipalities Agios Athanasios Germasogeia Kato Polemidia Limassol Mesa Geitonia Ypsonas Communities Agios Amvrosios Agios Dimitrios Agios Georgios Agios Ioannis Agios Konstantinos Agios Mamas Agios Pavlos Agios Theodoros Agios Therapon Agios Thomas Agios Tychonas Agridia Agros Akapnou Akrotiri Akrounta Alassa Alektora Amiantos Anogyra Apesia Apsiou Arakapas Armenochori Arsos Asgata Asomatos Avdimou Chandria Dierona Dora Doros Dymes Episkopi Eptagoneia Erimi Fasoula Foini Foinikaria Gerasa Gerovasa Kalo Chorio Kaminaria Kantou Kapilio Kato Kivides Kato Mylos Kato Platres Kellaki Kissousa Klonari Koilani Kolossi Korfi Kouka Kyperounta Laneia Lemithou Limnatis Lofou Louvaras Malia Mandria Mathikoloni Monagri Monagroulli Moni Moniatis Mouttagiaka Omodos Pachna Palaiomylos Palodeia Pano Kivides Pano Polemidia Paramali Paramytha Parekklisia Pelendri Pentakomo Pera Pedi Pissouri Platanisteia Platres Potamiou Potamitissa Prastio (Avdimou) Prastio (Kellaki) Prodromos Pyrgos Sanida Silikou Sotira Souni–Zanatzia Spitali Sykopetra Trachoni Treis Elies Trimiklini Troodos Tserkezoi Vasa Kellakiou Vasa Koilaniou Vikla Vouni Zoopigi
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Armenochori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenochori_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language"},{"link_name":"Turkish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language"},{"link_name":"Armenian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language"},{"link_name":"Limassol District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limassol_District"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus"}],"text":"For other uses, see Armenochori.Village in Limassol District, CyprusArmenochori (Greek: Αρμενοχώρι; Turkish: Esenköy; Armenian: Արմենոխորի) is an Armenian village located in the Limassol District of Cyprus, 10 kilometres (6 miles) northeast of the city of Limassol. Armenochori means “Armenian village” in Greek. In 1958, the Turkish Cypriots adopted the alternative name Esenköy, literally meaning “windy village.”","title":"Armenochori, Cyprus"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tigranes_four_Kings.jpg"},{"link_name":"Armenian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language"},{"link_name":"Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"sub_title":"Ancient","text":"Tigranes the Great with four Kings surrounding himArmenochori is one of the oldest villages of Limassol District. Early signs of inhabitation are known to be dated to 85BC, when the emperor of Armenia named Tigranes the Great, son of Khoren the Great III, (Armenian: Տիգրան Մեծ Tigran Mets; Greek: Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας Tigránes o Mégas) had conquered Syria, Lebanon, parts of Israel, Anatolia and Cyprus. Part of Tigranes' army remained in Cyprus in order to guarantee the security of the Greek population of the island against aggressive Arabians.[citation needed]\nAfter continuing his achievements throughout the middle east, Tigran orders some of his leading military personnel to stay behind in the areas of modern Armenochori to monitor developments of agreements of protection of local Greek allies. The area of Armenochori was strategically convenient to watch over the Mediterranean horizon and sound alarm against possible invasions by enemies.Ancient history says:Tigranes, to whom Lucullus had sent an ambassador, though of no great power in the beginning of his reign, had enlarged it so much by a series of successes, of which there are few examples, that he was commonly surnamed \"King of Kings.\" After having overthrown and almost ruined the family of the kings, successors of the great Seleucus; after having very often humbled the pride of the Parthians, transported whole cities of Greeks into Media, conquered all Syria and Palestine, and given laws to the Arabians called Scenites, he reigned with an authority respected by all the princes of Asia. The people paid him honors after the manners of the East, even to adoration.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armenian_Empire.png"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Ottoman Period","text":"The Kingdom of Armenia at its greatest extent under Tigranes the GreatArmenochori/Esenköy was turned into a Turkish Cypriot village during the Ottoman period. Although some Greek Cypriot and Armenian families lived there between 1891 and 1931, almost all of them left the village by the 1940s. Over the course of the British period, the population of the village doubled, rising from 89 persons in 1891 to 162 in 1960.[citation needed]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Modern","text":"Today the village is the choice of residence of wealthy businessmen from Cyprus, Russia, Armenia and other countries. It has a population of 187 people.[citation needed]","title":"History"}]
[{"image_text":"Tigranes the Great with four Kings surrounding him","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tigranes_four_Kings.jpg/220px-Tigranes_four_Kings.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Kingdom of Armenia at its greatest extent under Tigranes the Great","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Armenian_Empire.png/220px-Armenian_Empire.png"}]
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