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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Alves_(singer) | Francisco Alves (singer) | ["1 References","2 External links"] | Francisco AlvesBackground informationAlso known asRei da VozBornAugust 19, 1898OriginBrazilDiedSeptember 27, 1952InstrumentsvocalsMusical artist
Francisco de Morais Alves (August 19, 1898 – September 27, 1952), better known as Francisco Alves, Chico Alves or Chico Viola, was a Brazilian singer, one of the most popular in the first half of the 20th century, and considered by many to be the greatest in the country. The quality of his work earned him in 1933, by broadcaster César Ladeira, the nickname "Rei da Voz" (Voice King).
He recorded more than 500 78 rpm albums, among them the first electrical recording made in Brazil. He performed songs composed by musicians such as Cartola, Heitor dos Prazeres and Ismael Silva; and several songs became famous in his voice, like the first recording of samba "Aquarela do Brasil" by Ary Barroso.
Alves died in a car accident at the Rodovia Presidente Dutra, near Pindamonhangaba, on September 27, 1952.
References
^ "Francisco Alves". Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
^ "O adeus de Francisco Alves: seis décadas que choram - Brasileiros". 2016-11-26. Archived from the original on 2016-11-26. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
^ "Francisco Alves | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
^ Ulhoa, Martha Tupinamba de; Azevedo, Cláudia; Trotta, Felipe (2014-12-05). Made in Brazil: Studies in Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-95478-9.
^ "Acervo Digital - Folha de S.Paulo". Acervo Digital - Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-05-08.
External links
Free recordings by Francisco Alves on International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Spain
France
BnF data
United States
Artists
MusicBrainz | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"78 rpm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78_rpm"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Cartola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartola"},{"link_name":"Heitor dos Prazeres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heitor_dos_Prazeres"},{"link_name":"Ismael Silva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismael_Silva_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Aquarela do Brasil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarela_do_Brasil"},{"link_name":"Ary Barroso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ary_Barroso"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Rodovia Presidente Dutra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodovia_Presidente_Dutra"},{"link_name":"Pindamonhangaba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindamonhangaba"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Musical artistFrancisco de Morais Alves (August 19, 1898 – September 27, 1952), better known as Francisco Alves, Chico Alves or Chico Viola, was a Brazilian singer, one of the most popular in the first half of the 20th century, and considered by many to be the greatest in the country.[1] The quality of his work earned him in 1933, by broadcaster César Ladeira, the nickname \"Rei da Voz\" (Voice King).[2]\nHe recorded more than 500 78 rpm albums,[3] among them the first electrical recording made in Brazil. He performed songs composed by musicians such as Cartola, Heitor dos Prazeres and Ismael Silva; and several songs became famous in his voice, like the first recording of samba \"Aquarela do Brasil\" by Ary Barroso.[4]Alves died in a car accident at the Rodovia Presidente Dutra, near Pindamonhangaba, on September 27, 1952.[5]","title":"Francisco Alves (singer)"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Francisco Alves\". Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira. Retrieved 2020-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"http://dicionariompb.com.br/francisco-alves/dados-artisticos","url_text":"\"Francisco Alves\""}]},{"reference":"\"O adeus de Francisco Alves: seis décadas que choram - Brasileiros\". 2016-11-26. Archived from the original on 2016-11-26. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carex_lepida | Carex lepida | ["1 References"] | Species of grass-like plant
Carex lepida
Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Monocots
Clade:
Commelinids
Order:
Poales
Family:
Cyperaceae
Genus:
Carex
Species:
C. lepida
Binomial name
Carex lepidaBoott
Carex lepida is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
References
^ a b Pitman, N. (2004). "Carex lepida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T45148A10983479. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T45148A10983479.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Taxon identifiersCarex lepida
Wikidata: Q5039100
ARKive: carex-lepida
CoL: 5XBGB
EoL: 1124070
GBIF: 2722796
iNaturalist: 435963
IPNI: 300620-1
IUCN: 45148
NCBI: 2946576
Open Tree of Life: 3959068
Plant List: kew-228062
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:300620-1
Tropicos: 9907936
WFO: wfo-0000348242
This Carex article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"flowering plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_plant"},{"link_name":"Cyperaceae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperaceae"},{"link_name":"endemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemism"},{"link_name":"habitat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat"},{"link_name":"montane forests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montane_forest"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-iucn_status_16_November_2021-1"}],"text":"Carex lepida is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.[1]","title":"Carex lepida"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Pitman, N. (2004). \"Carex lepida\". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T45148A10983479. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T45148A10983479.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45148/10983479","url_text":"\"Carex lepida\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List","url_text":"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T45148A10983479.en","url_text":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T45148A10983479.en"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45148/10983479","external_links_name":"\"Carex lepida\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T45148A10983479.en","external_links_name":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T45148A10983479.en"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/carex-lepida/","external_links_name":"carex-lepida"},{"Link":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5XBGB","external_links_name":"5XBGB"},{"Link":"https://eol.org/pages/1124070","external_links_name":"1124070"},{"Link":"https://www.gbif.org/species/2722796","external_links_name":"2722796"},{"Link":"https://inaturalist.org/taxa/435963","external_links_name":"435963"},{"Link":"https://www.ipni.org/n/300620-1","external_links_name":"300620-1"},{"Link":"https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/45148","external_links_name":"45148"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2946576","external_links_name":"2946576"},{"Link":"https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=3959068","external_links_name":"3959068"},{"Link":"http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-228062","external_links_name":"kew-228062"},{"Link":"https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A300620-1","external_links_name":"urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:300620-1"},{"Link":"http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/9907936","external_links_name":"9907936"},{"Link":"https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000348242","external_links_name":"wfo-0000348242"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carex_lepida&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eatm | Enterprise appliance transaction module | ["1 Components"] | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Enterprise appliance transaction module" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
An enterprise appliance transaction module (EATM) is a device, typically used in the manufacturing automation marketplace, for the transfer of plant floor equipment and product status to manufacturing execution systems (MES), enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the like.
Solutions that deliver manufacturing floor integration have evolved over time. Initially they took the form of custom integrated systems, designed and delivered by system integrators. These solutions were largely based on separate commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products integrated into a custom system.
Modern EATM products might not needing any software development or custom integration.
Components
Hardware platform – embedded computer, computer appliance
Device communications software – Support for the automation protocols from which data will be extracted. Device communications software typically operates through polled or change based protocols that are vendor specific. Data to be extracted is typically organized into related items, and transferred based on a machine status such as Cycle Complete, Job Start, System Downtime Event, Operator Change, etc.
Typical protocols; Rockwell Automation CIP, ControlLogix backplane, EtherNet/IP, Siemens Industrial Ethernet, Modbus TCP. There are hundreds of automation device protocols and EATM solutions are typically targeting certain market segments and will be based on automation vendor relationships.
Enterprise communications software – Software that will enable communications to enterprise systems. Communications at this level are typically transaction oriented and require data transactions to be sent and acknowledged to ensure the data integrity. Examples include; Relational Database Adapters, Java Message Services (JMS), Oracle Database Interfaces and proprietary interfaces to specific products.
Transaction application – Software that is configured to watch and collect device variables, formats them into required transactions, and transfer the results securely and reliably to other systems. The transaction application resides between the device communications and enterprise communications.
Overall, a manufacturing environment is portrayed as a three layer manufacturing pyramid. At the base, device control Systems – Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems (SCADA) perform the process automation functions. A layer above that encompasses Plant Execution Systems that deliver the functions of; Asset Management, Genealogy, statistical process control (SPC]) MES, order tracking, quality assurance and scheduling. At the top most level, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems offer final control over the enterprise and track overall enterprise performance.
It is the job of EATM to act as a bi-directional bridge between field devices and the supervisory control systems. These field devices could be located in a work cell or an assembly or process line. They could be very simple devices, or programmable controllers, machine controls, or PLCs. The upstream business systems could be ANDON and Kanban systems for that line, manufacturing execution systems (MES), and archival quality databases. | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"manufacturing execution systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_execution_system"},{"link_name":"enterprise resource planning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning"},{"link_name":"commercial off-the-shelf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_off-the-shelf"}],"text":"An enterprise appliance transaction module (EATM) is a device, typically used in the manufacturing automation marketplace, for the transfer of plant floor equipment and product status to manufacturing execution systems (MES), enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the like.Solutions that deliver manufacturing floor integration have evolved over time. Initially they took the form of custom integrated systems, designed and delivered by system integrators. 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Device communications software typically operates through polled or change based protocols that are vendor specific. Data to be extracted is typically organized into related items, and transferred based on a machine status such as Cycle Complete, Job Start, System Downtime Event, Operator Change, etc.Typical protocols; Rockwell Automation CIP, ControlLogix backplane, EtherNet/IP, Siemens Industrial Ethernet, Modbus TCP. There are hundreds of automation device protocols and EATM solutions are typically targeting certain market segments and will be based on automation vendor relationships.Enterprise communications software – Software that will enable communications to enterprise systems. Communications at this level are typically transaction oriented and require data transactions to be sent and acknowledged to ensure the data integrity. Examples include; Relational Database Adapters, Java Message Services (JMS), Oracle Database Interfaces and proprietary interfaces to specific products.Transaction application – Software that is configured to watch and collect device variables, formats them into required transactions, and transfer the results securely and reliably to other systems. The transaction application resides between the device communications and enterprise communications.Overall, a manufacturing environment is portrayed as a three layer manufacturing pyramid. At the base, device control Systems – Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems (SCADA) perform the process automation functions. A layer above that encompasses Plant Execution Systems that deliver the functions of; Asset Management, Genealogy, statistical process control (SPC]) MES, order tracking, quality assurance and scheduling. At the top most level, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems offer final control over the enterprise and track overall enterprise performance.It is the job of EATM to act as a bi-directional bridge between field devices and the supervisory control systems. These field devices could be located in a work cell or an assembly or process line. They could be very simple devices, or programmable controllers, machine controls, or PLCs. The upstream business systems could be ANDON and Kanban systems for that line, manufacturing execution systems (MES), and archival quality databases.","title":"Components"}] | [] | null | [] | [{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Enterprise+appliance+transaction+module%22","external_links_name":"\"Enterprise appliance transaction module\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Enterprise+appliance+transaction+module%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Enterprise+appliance+transaction+module%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Enterprise+appliance+transaction+module%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Enterprise+appliance+transaction+module%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Enterprise+appliance+transaction+module%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazuto_Nakazawa | Kazuto Nakazawa | ["1 Filmography","1.1 TV series","1.2 Films","1.3 OVAs/ONAs","1.4 Video games","1.5 Music videos","2 Bibliography","3 References","4 External links"] | Japanese anime director
Kazuto NakazawaBorn (1968-03-04) March 4, 1968 (age 56)Niigata Prefecture, JapanOther namesTakeshi Tsuji (辻 武司)Alma materTokyo Animator AcademyOccupation(s)Anime director, animator, illustrator, character designer
Kazuto Nakazawa (中澤 一登, Nakazawa Kazuto, born March 4, 1968) is a Japanese character designer and director of numerous anime series and video games who also goes by the pseudonym Takeshi Tsuji (辻 武司, Tsuji Takeshi). His directorial work includes Parasite Dolls, the anime sequence in Kill Bill: Volume 1, and the Moondrive segment of Genius Party Beyond. He has designed characters for many anime, such as Ashita no Nadja and Samurai Champloo, for which he also served as animation director. In addition to his work with anime, he designed the characters of Tales of Legendia and was the animation director of Devil Kings. Throughout his career, he has worked also as an animator, providing key animations to anime such as The Animatrix's "Kid's Story" and "A Detective Story". He has made two appearances at anime conventions in the United States: at Otakon in 1999 and 2006. He also animated the Joe Hahn-directed music video for the Linkin Park song "Breaking the Habit."
Filmography
TV series
El-Hazard (1995) – character designer, chief animation director
Tenchi in Tokyo (1997) – character designer, chief animation director
Black Heaven (1999) – character designer
Final Fantasy: Unlimited (2001) – character designer
Ashita no Nadja (2003) – character designer
Samurai Champloo (2004) – character designer, chief animation director
Yurururu ~Nichijou Hen~ (2007) – director
House of Five Leaves (2010) – character designer, chief animation director
Terror in Resonance (2014) – character designer, chief animation director
Days (2016) – character designer
B: The Beginning (2018) - creator, director, character designer, key animation supervisor
Fena: Pirate Princess (2021) – creator, director, original character designer
Films
Hells Angels (2008) – character designer
Genius Party Beyond: Moondrive (2008) – director, character designer
Musashi: The Dream of the Last Samurai (2009) – character designer
COMEDY SKIT (Hitman) 1989 (2015) – director
OVAs/ONAs
El Hazard: The Magnificent World (1995) – character designer
Starship Girl Yamamoto Yohko (1996) – character designer
Battle Arena Toshinden (1996) – character designer
Starship Girl Yamamoto Yohko II (1997) – character designer
El Hazard 2: The Magnificent World (1997) – character designer
COMEDY (2002) – director
Parasite Dolls (2003) – director
Vassalord (2013) – director
B: The Beginning (2018) – creator, director, character designer, chief animation director
B: The Beginning – Succession (2021) – creator, chief director, character designer, series composition
Video games
Le Roman de la Reine (1998) – character designer
Tales of Legendia (2005) – character designer
Asura's Wrath (2012) – director & main character designer (ep 15.5)
Music videos
Linkin Park - Breaking the Habit (2004) – director
ASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION - Atarashii Sekai (2008) – director
supercell - Utakata Hanabi (2010) – director
Bibliography
El Hazard: The Magnificent World Setting Collection (神秘の世界エルハザード 設定資料集). AIC, 1996. ISBN 978-4900817081
El-Hazard: The Wanderers Setting Collection (神秘の世界エルハザード TVシリーズ 設定資料集). AIC, 1997. ISBN 978-4900817128
Tenchi in Tokyo Setting Collection (新 天地無用! 設定資料集). AIC, 1998. ISBN 978-4900817166
Roman Album: Samurai Champloo. Dark Horse, 2007. ISBN 978-1593076429
Top Creators Teach How to Characters (トップクリエイターが教えるキャラクターの創り方『サムライチャンプルー』『エルゴプラクシー』にみるアニメーション制作現場). MC Press, 2007. ISBN 978-4901972949
B: The Beginning Artworks (B: The Beginning アートワークス). PIE International, 2019. ISBN 978-4756251848
References
^ Hochman, Steve (16 May 2004). "Anime finds its match in Linkin Park". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
External links
Kazuto Nakazawa at IMDb
Kazuto Nakazawa at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Production IG Interview: "The Making of Asience 5"
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Spain
France
BnF data
Germany
United States
Artists
MusicBrainz | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"character designer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_sheet"},{"link_name":"director","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_director"},{"link_name":"anime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime"},{"link_name":"video games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_games"},{"link_name":"pseudonym","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym"},{"link_name":"Parasite Dolls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite_Dolls"},{"link_name":"Kill Bill: Volume 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_Bill:_Volume_1"},{"link_name":"Genius Party Beyond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_Party#Genius_Party_Beyond"},{"link_name":"Ashita no Nadja","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashita_no_Nadja"},{"link_name":"Samurai Champloo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai_Champloo"},{"link_name":"animation director","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation_director"},{"link_name":"Tales of Legendia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales_of_Legendia"},{"link_name":"Devil Kings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil_Kings"},{"link_name":"animator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animator"},{"link_name":"The Animatrix'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Animatrix"},{"link_name":"Kid's Story","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid%27s_Story"},{"link_name":"A Detective Story","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Detective_Story"},{"link_name":"anime conventions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime_convention"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Otakon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otakon"},{"link_name":"Joe Hahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Hahn"},{"link_name":"music video","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video"},{"link_name":"Linkin Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkin_Park"},{"link_name":"Breaking the Habit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_the_Habit_(song)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Kazuto Nakazawa (中澤 一登, Nakazawa Kazuto, born March 4, 1968) is a Japanese character designer and director of numerous anime series and video games who also goes by the pseudonym Takeshi Tsuji (辻 武司, Tsuji Takeshi). His directorial work includes Parasite Dolls, the anime sequence in Kill Bill: Volume 1, and the Moondrive segment of Genius Party Beyond. He has designed characters for many anime, such as Ashita no Nadja and Samurai Champloo, for which he also served as animation director. In addition to his work with anime, he designed the characters of Tales of Legendia and was the animation director of Devil Kings. Throughout his career, he has worked also as an animator, providing key animations to anime such as The Animatrix's \"Kid's Story\" and \"A Detective Story\". He has made two appearances at anime conventions in the United States: at Otakon in 1999 and 2006. He also animated the Joe Hahn-directed music video for the Linkin Park song \"Breaking the Habit.\"[1]","title":"Kazuto Nakazawa"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"El-Hazard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Hazard"},{"link_name":"Tenchi in Tokyo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenchi_in_Tokyo"},{"link_name":"Black Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Final Fantasy: Unlimited","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Fantasy:_Unlimited"},{"link_name":"Ashita no Nadja","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashita_no_Nadja"},{"link_name":"Samurai Champloo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai_Champloo"},{"link_name":"Yurururu ~Nichijou Hen~","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ani*Kuri15"},{"link_name":"House of Five Leaves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Five_Leaves"},{"link_name":"Terror in Resonance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terror_in_Resonance"},{"link_name":"Days","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_(manga)"},{"link_name":"B: The Beginning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_%E2%80%93_The_Beginning"},{"link_name":"Fena: Pirate Princess","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fena:_Pirate_Princess"}],"sub_title":"TV series","text":"El-Hazard (1995) – character designer, chief animation director\nTenchi in Tokyo (1997) – character designer, chief animation director\nBlack Heaven (1999) – character designer\nFinal Fantasy: Unlimited (2001) – character designer\nAshita no Nadja (2003) – character designer\nSamurai Champloo (2004) – character designer, chief animation director\nYurururu ~Nichijou Hen~ (2007) – director\nHouse of Five Leaves (2010) – character designer, chief animation director\nTerror in Resonance (2014) – character designer, chief animation director\nDays (2016) – character designer\nB: The Beginning (2018) - creator, director, character designer, key animation supervisor\nFena: Pirate Princess (2021) – creator, director, original character designer","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hells Angels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hells_Angels_(manga)"},{"link_name":"Genius Party Beyond: Moondrive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_Party"},{"link_name":"COMEDY SKIT (Hitman) 1989","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Animator_Expo"}],"sub_title":"Films","text":"Hells Angels (2008) – character designer\nGenius Party Beyond: Moondrive (2008) – director, character designer\nMusashi: The Dream of the Last Samurai (2009) – character designer\nCOMEDY SKIT (Hitman) 1989 (2015) – director","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"El Hazard: The Magnificent World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Hazard:_The_Magnificent_World"},{"link_name":"Starship Girl Yamamoto Yohko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_Girl_Yamamoto_Yohko"},{"link_name":"Battle Arena Toshinden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Arena_Toshinden_(anime)"},{"link_name":"Starship Girl Yamamoto Yohko II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_Girl_Yamamoto_Yohko"},{"link_name":"El Hazard 2: The Magnificent World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Hazard"},{"link_name":"Parasite Dolls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite_Dolls"},{"link_name":"Vassalord","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassalord"},{"link_name":"B: The Beginning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_The_Beginning"},{"link_name":"B: The Beginning – Succession","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_The_Beginning"}],"sub_title":"OVAs/ONAs","text":"El Hazard: The Magnificent World (1995) – character designer\nStarship Girl Yamamoto Yohko (1996) – character designer\nBattle Arena Toshinden (1996) – character designer\nStarship Girl Yamamoto Yohko II (1997) – character designer\nEl Hazard 2: The Magnificent World (1997) – character designer\nCOMEDY (2002) – director\nParasite Dolls (2003) – director\nVassalord (2013) – director\nB: The Beginning (2018) – creator, director, character designer, chief animation director\nB: The Beginning – Succession (2021) – creator, chief director, character designer, series composition","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tales of Legendia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales_of_Legendia"},{"link_name":"Asura's Wrath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asura%27s_Wrath"}],"sub_title":"Video games","text":"Le Roman de la Reine (1998) – character designer\nTales of Legendia (2005) – character designer\nAsura's Wrath (2012) – director & main character designer (ep 15.5)","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Linkin Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkin_Park"},{"link_name":"Breaking the Habit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_the_Habit_(song)"},{"link_name":"ASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASIAN_KUNG-FU_GENERATION"},{"link_name":"supercell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercell_(band)"}],"sub_title":"Music videos","text":"Linkin Park - Breaking the Habit (2004) – director\nASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION - Atarashii Sekai (2008) – director\nsupercell - Utakata Hanabi (2010) – director","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-4900817081","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4900817081"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-4900817128","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4900817128"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-4900817166","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4900817166"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1593076429","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1593076429"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-4901972949","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4901972949"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-4756251848","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4756251848"}],"text":"El Hazard: The Magnificent World Setting Collection (神秘の世界エルハザード 設定資料集). AIC, 1996. ISBN 978-4900817081\nEl-Hazard: The Wanderers Setting Collection (神秘の世界エルハザード TVシリーズ 設定資料集). AIC, 1997. ISBN 978-4900817128\nTenchi in Tokyo Setting Collection (新 天地無用! 設定資料集). AIC, 1998. ISBN 978-4900817166\nRoman Album: Samurai Champloo. Dark Horse, 2007. ISBN 978-1593076429\nTop Creators Teach How to Characters (トップクリエイターが教えるキャラクターの創り方『サムライチャンプルー』『エルゴプラクシー』にみるアニメーション制作現場). MC Press, 2007. ISBN 978-4901972949\nB: The Beginning Artworks (B: The Beginning アートワークス). PIE International, 2019. ISBN 978-4756251848","title":"Bibliography"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Hochman, Steve (16 May 2004). \"Anime finds its match in Linkin Park\". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 September 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2004/may/16/entertainment/ca-popeye16","url_text":"\"Anime finds its match in Linkin Park\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://articles.latimes.com/2004/may/16/entertainment/ca-popeye16","external_links_name":"\"Anime finds its match in Linkin Park\""},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0620450/","external_links_name":"Kazuto Nakazawa"},{"Link":"https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=1551","external_links_name":"Kazuto Nakazawa"},{"Link":"http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/57_/s08_/000827.html","external_links_name":"Production IG Interview: \"The Making of Asience 5\""},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000010843678","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/5189406","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkp848CwB9hdHVHB8JFKd","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1518685","external_links_name":"Spain"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14646951d","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14646951d","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/143377183","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007016734","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/be1a2872-ab6c-45f9-961a-fb3ffbe7cd0c","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Farge | Annie Fargé | ["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Death","4 Selected filmography","4.1 Theater","4.2 Movie and television","5 References"] | French actress (1934–2011)
Annie FargéAnnie Fargé in 1960BornHenriette Goldfarb15 April 1934Etterbeek, BelgiumDied4 March 2011 (aged 76)Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, FranceOccupationActressSpouseDirk Sanders (divorced)ChildrenLeslie Tabuteau
Annie Fargé (15 April 1934 – 4 March 2011) was a French actress who worked for a few years on U.S. television and was named "most promising new star in a situation comedy" in 1961 when she played the title role in CBS's Angel. Especially in Europe, she was often credited as "Annie Fargue".
Early life
Born in Belgium as Henriette Goldfarb, she escaped the country with her family before the Nazi occupation. She wanted to become an actress; her mother opposed the idea, but relented when Fargé was accepted at the Conservatoire National.
Career
Fargé traveled to New York and later married dancer Dirk Sanders. The couple had a daughter, Leslie Tabuteau, who was born shortly before Angel began filming in April 1960 and eventually became a French TV producer.
Broadway producer Joshua Logan is said to have discovered Fargé and had her take English lessons. At the time of casting for the television series, Fargé was an understudy in the Broadway production of The World of Suzie Wong.
She was signed for the Angel role by producer Jess Oppenheimer on the basis of CBS executive Robert Lewine's recommendation. Oppenheimer did not elect to do a screen test.
The Angel pilot did not impress the network, but when Lewine screened it for sponsors S. C. Johnson and General Foods, both sponsors were sufficiently impressed to tell the network executive to put the show on the air or they would cancel their sponsorship of all CBS programs. Fargé played Angelique "Angel" Smith, the scatterbrained French wife of American architect John Smith, played by Marshall Thompson. Doris Singleton was her sympathetic neighbor Susie, and Don Keefer was Susie's husband George. The show was filmed at Desilu Studios. The series ran for 33 episodes. After Angel folded due to low ratings, Fargé appeared as a guest star in a few other series, including The Rifleman, as Jennifer Morrison, and Adventures in Paradise.
Her last television appearance was in a 1964 episode of Perry Mason, "The Case of the Betrayed Bride", as she played the role of defendant Marie Claudel.
Fargé divorced her husband and returned to France in the mid-1960s. Upon her return to France, Fargé became a theatrical producer (Hair, Godspell, Oh! Calcutta!, Jesus Christ Superstar) and was associate producer for the 1981 John Huston film Escape to Victory. She later became the manager of French singer Michel Polnareff.
Death
Fargé died of cancer in Neuilly-sur-Seine, aged 76, on 4 March 2011.
Selected filmography
Theater
1952 La Jeune Madragor, mis en scène par Gérard Philippe (TNP)
1952 Nucléa, de Henri Pichette mis en scène par Jean Vilar et Gérard Philippe (TNP)
1953 Sud, de Julie Green mis en scène par Jean Mercure avec Anouk Aimée (Théâtre de l'Athénée)
1954 Les Petites Filles Modèles, mis en scène par Jean-Pierre Grenier (Théâtre des Quatre Saisons)
1955 Andréa ou la Fiancée du Matin, mis en scène par Sacha Pitoeff avec Jean Louis Trintignant (Théâtre de l'Oeuvre)
1955 Juanito le Séducteur Ingénu, de Pierre Humblot mis en scène par Louis Ducreux avec Françoise Fabien.
1956 Chaud et Froid, de et mis en scène par Crommmelynck avec Claude Gensac (Théâtre de l'Oeuvre)
1956 La Patate, de Marcel Achard (Théatre Saint Georges)
1957 L'histoire de Vasco, Compagnie Jean Louis Barrault – (Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt)
1957 Monsieur de France, de Jacques François, mis en scène par Christiant Gérard with Jacques François (Théatre des Bouffes Parisiennes)
1958 Am-Stram-Gram, d'André Roussin avec Claude Nico (Théâtre des Nouveautés)
1959 Le Petit Monde de Suzie Wong, de Paul Osborn mis en scène par Joshua Logan avec William Shatner (Broadhurst Theater)
1966 Témoignage Irrecevable, de John Osborne, mis en scène by Claude Réguy (Théâtre des Mathurins)
1967 L'Anniversaire, de Harold Pinter mis en scène par Claude Réguy avec Michel Bouquet, Jean-Pierre Mariel et Bernard Fresson (Théâtre Antoine)
1967 Au Petit Bonheur, de Marc Gilbert Sauvageon, mis en scène par Pierre Sabbagh avec Alain Pralon (Théâtre Marigny)
Movie and television
1954: L'affaire Maurizius (de Julien Duvivier) as Melita Bobike (uncredited)
1955: M'sieur la Caille (de André Pergament) as La puce
1956: Le revizor ou L'inspecteur général (TV movie) as Maria
1960-1961: Angel (TV Series) as Angel Smith (33 episodes)
1961: The Rifleman (TV Series) as Jennifer Morrison in S4 E15 "The Princess" aired 7/13/1961
1962: Paradise Island (TV Series) as Suzanne
1963: The Third Man (TV series) as Suzy Renaud-Dupin
1964: Kraft Suspense Theatre (TV Series) as Yvette Duval
1964: Perry Mason (TV Series) as Marie Claudet
1965: Fragilité, ton nom est femme (Short, de Nadine Trintignant)
1966: Le train bleu s'arrête 13 fois (TV Series) as Simone
1966: La guerre est finie (de Alain Resnais) as Agnès
1967: Les cinq dernières minutes (TV Series) as Jacky
1967: Mon amour, mon amour (de Nadine Tringnant) as Jeanne
1967: Malican père et fils (TV Series) as Nicole
1967: L'amateur ou S.O.S. Fernand (TV Series)
1968: La prisonnière (de Henri Georges Clouzot)
1968: Je t'aime je t'aime (de Alain Resnais) as Agnes Smet (final film role)
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Annie Fargue.
^ a b "Annie Fargé". IMDb. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
^ "Polnareff en pleurs : Annie Fargue est morte, retour sur son riche parcours..." www.purepeople.com. Retrieved Aug 19, 2019.
^ "Show Business: The New Shows". Time. October 24, 1960. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
^ Tucker, David C., ed. (2010). Lost Laughs of '50s and '60s Television: Thirty Sitcoms That Faded Off Screen. McFarland. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-7864-4466-3. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
^ "Annie Farge | TV Guide". TVGuide.com. Retrieved Aug 19, 2019.
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
France
BnF data | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_people"},{"link_name":"actress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actress"},{"link_name":"situation comedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_comedy"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"CBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS"},{"link_name":"Angel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(1960_TV_series)"}],"text":"Annie Fargé (15 April 1934 – 4 March 2011)[2] was a French actress who worked for a few years on U.S. television and was named \"most promising new star in a situation comedy\" in 1961[3] when she played the title role in CBS's Angel. Especially in Europe, she was often credited as \"Annie Fargue\".","title":"Annie Fargé"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nazi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi"},{"link_name":"Conservatoire National","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatoire_de_Paris"}],"text":"Born in Belgium as Henriette Goldfarb, she escaped the country with her family before the Nazi occupation. She wanted to become an actress; her mother opposed the idea, but relented when Fargé was accepted at the Conservatoire National.","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Leslie Tabuteau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie_Tabuteau&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Joshua Logan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Logan"},{"link_name":"by whom?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions"},{"link_name":"understudy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understudy"},{"link_name":"The World of Suzie Wong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_of_Suzie_Wong_(play)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Jess Oppenheimer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jess_Oppenheimer"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lost-4"},{"link_name":"S. C. Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._C._Johnson_and_Son"},{"link_name":"General Foods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Foods"},{"link_name":"Marshall Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Thompson"},{"link_name":"Doris Singleton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Singleton"},{"link_name":"Don Keefer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Keefer"},{"link_name":"Desilu Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desilu_Studios"},{"link_name":"The Rifleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rifleman"},{"link_name":"Adventures in Paradise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventures_in_Paradise_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Perry Mason","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Mason_(1957_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IMDb-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"John Huston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Huston"},{"link_name":"Escape to Victory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_to_Victory"},{"link_name":"Michel Polnareff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Polnareff"}],"text":"Fargé traveled to New York and later married dancer Dirk Sanders. The couple had a daughter, Leslie Tabuteau, who was born shortly before Angel began filming in April 1960 and eventually became a French TV producer.Broadway producer Joshua Logan is said[by whom?] to have discovered Fargé and had her take English lessons. At the time of casting for the television series, Fargé was an understudy in the Broadway production of The World of Suzie Wong.[citation needed]She was signed for the Angel role by producer Jess Oppenheimer on the basis of CBS executive Robert Lewine's recommendation. Oppenheimer did not elect to do a screen test.[4]The Angel pilot did not impress the network, but when Lewine screened it for sponsors S. C. Johnson and General Foods, both sponsors were sufficiently impressed to tell the network executive to put the show on the air or they would cancel their sponsorship of all CBS programs. Fargé played Angelique \"Angel\" Smith, the scatterbrained French wife of American architect John Smith, played by Marshall Thompson. Doris Singleton was her sympathetic neighbor Susie, and Don Keefer was Susie's husband George. The show was filmed at Desilu Studios. The series ran for 33 episodes. After Angel folded due to low ratings, Fargé appeared as a guest star in a few other series, including The Rifleman, as Jennifer Morrison, and Adventures in Paradise.Her last television appearance was in a 1964 episode of Perry Mason, \"The Case of the Betrayed Bride\", as she played the role of defendant Marie Claudel.[1][5]Fargé divorced her husband and returned to France in the mid-1960s. Upon her return to France, Fargé became a theatrical producer (Hair, Godspell, Oh! Calcutta!, Jesus Christ Superstar) and was associate producer for the 1981 John Huston film Escape to Victory. She later became the manager of French singer Michel Polnareff.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Neuilly-sur-Seine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine"}],"text":"Fargé died of cancer in Neuilly-sur-Seine, aged 76, on 4 March 2011.","title":"Death"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Selected filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gérard Philippe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Philippe"},{"link_name":"Anouk Aimée","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anouk_Aim%C3%A9e"},{"link_name":"Jean-Pierre Grenier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Grenier"},{"link_name":"Théâtre des Mathurins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Mathurins"}],"sub_title":"Theater","text":"1952 La Jeune Madragor, mis en scène par Gérard Philippe (TNP)\n1952 Nucléa, de Henri Pichette mis en scène par Jean Vilar et Gérard Philippe (TNP)\n1953 Sud, de Julie Green mis en scène par Jean Mercure avec Anouk Aimée (Théâtre de l'Athénée)\n1954 Les Petites Filles Modèles, mis en scène par Jean-Pierre Grenier (Théâtre des Quatre Saisons)\n1955 Andréa ou la Fiancée du Matin, mis en scène par Sacha Pitoeff avec Jean Louis Trintignant (Théâtre de l'Oeuvre)\n1955 Juanito le Séducteur Ingénu, de Pierre Humblot mis en scène par Louis Ducreux avec Françoise Fabien.\n1956 Chaud et Froid, de et mis en scène par Crommmelynck avec Claude Gensac (Théâtre de l'Oeuvre)\n1956 La Patate, de Marcel Achard (Théatre Saint Georges)\n1957 L'histoire de Vasco, Compagnie Jean Louis Barrault – (Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt)\n1957 Monsieur de France, de Jacques François, mis en scène par Christiant Gérard with Jacques François (Théatre des Bouffes Parisiennes)\n1958 Am-Stram-Gram, d'André Roussin avec Claude Nico (Théâtre des Nouveautés)\n1959 Le Petit Monde de Suzie Wong, de Paul Osborn mis en scène par Joshua Logan avec William Shatner (Broadhurst Theater)\n1966 Témoignage Irrecevable, de John Osborne, mis en scène by Claude Réguy (Théâtre des Mathurins)\n1967 L'Anniversaire, de Harold Pinter mis en scène par Claude Réguy avec Michel Bouquet, Jean-Pierre Mariel et Bernard Fresson (Théâtre Antoine)\n1967 Au Petit Bonheur, de Marc Gilbert Sauvageon, mis en scène par Pierre Sabbagh avec Alain Pralon (Théâtre Marigny)","title":"Selected filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"L'affaire Maurizius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Trial_(1954_film)"},{"link_name":"Angel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(1960_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The Rifleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rifleman"},{"link_name":"Paradise Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Island"},{"link_name":"The Third Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Third_Man_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Kraft Suspense Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Suspense_Theatre"},{"link_name":"Perry Mason","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Mason_(1957_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"La guerre est finie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_Is_Over_(1966_film)"},{"link_name":"Les cinq dernières minutes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Cinq_Derni%C3%A8res_Minutes"}],"sub_title":"Movie and television","text":"1954: L'affaire Maurizius (de Julien Duvivier) as Melita Bobike (uncredited)\n1955: M'sieur la Caille (de André Pergament) as La puce\n1956: Le revizor ou L'inspecteur général (TV movie) as Maria\n1960-1961: Angel (TV Series) as Angel Smith (33 episodes)\n1961: The Rifleman (TV Series) as Jennifer Morrison in S4 E15 \"The Princess\" aired 7/13/1961\n1962: Paradise Island (TV Series) as Suzanne\n1963: The Third Man (TV series) as Suzy Renaud-Dupin\n1964: Kraft Suspense Theatre (TV Series) as Yvette Duval\n1964: Perry Mason (TV Series) as Marie Claudet\n1965: Fragilité, ton nom est femme (Short, de Nadine Trintignant)\n1966: Le train bleu s'arrête 13 fois (TV Series) as Simone\n1966: La guerre est finie (de Alain Resnais) as Agnès\n1967: Les cinq dernières minutes (TV Series) as Jacky\n1967: Mon amour, mon amour (de Nadine Tringnant) as Jeanne\n1967: Malican père et fils (TV Series) as Nicole\n1967: L'amateur ou S.O.S. Fernand (TV Series)\n1968: La prisonnière (de Henri Georges Clouzot)\n1968: Je t'aime je t'aime (de Alain Resnais) as Agnes Smet (final film role)","title":"Selected filmography"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Annie Fargé\". IMDb. Retrieved 3 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0267282","url_text":"\"Annie Fargé\""}]},{"reference":"\"Polnareff en pleurs : Annie Fargue est morte, retour sur son riche parcours...\" www.purepeople.com. Retrieved Aug 19, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.purepeople.com/article/polnareff-en-pleurs-annie-fargue-est-morte-retour-sur-son-riche-parcours_a75341/1","url_text":"\"Polnareff en pleurs : Annie Fargue est morte, retour sur son riche parcours...\""}]},{"reference":"\"Show Business: The New Shows\". Time. October 24, 1960. Retrieved August 19, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://content.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,871774,00.html","url_text":"\"Show Business: The New Shows\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)","url_text":"Time"}]},{"reference":"Tucker, David C., ed. (2010). Lost Laughs of '50s and '60s Television: Thirty Sitcoms That Faded Off Screen. McFarland. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-7864-4466-3. Retrieved 3 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=kCjT3AvbN5QC&pg=PA8","url_text":"Lost Laughs of '50s and '60s Television: Thirty Sitcoms That Faded Off Screen"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4466-3","url_text":"978-0-7864-4466-3"}]},{"reference":"\"Annie Farge | TV Guide\". TVGuide.com. Retrieved Aug 19, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/annie-farge/credits/209207","url_text":"\"Annie Farge | TV Guide\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0267282","external_links_name":"\"Annie Fargé\""},{"Link":"https://www.purepeople.com/article/polnareff-en-pleurs-annie-fargue-est-morte-retour-sur-son-riche-parcours_a75341/1","external_links_name":"\"Polnareff en pleurs : Annie Fargue est morte, retour sur son riche parcours...\""},{"Link":"http://content.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,871774,00.html","external_links_name":"\"Show Business: The New Shows\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=kCjT3AvbN5QC&pg=PA8","external_links_name":"Lost Laughs of '50s and '60s Television: Thirty Sitcoms That Faded Off Screen"},{"Link":"https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/annie-farge/credits/209207","external_links_name":"\"Annie Farge | TV Guide\""},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000399725716","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/295199292","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146786959","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146786959","external_links_name":"BnF data"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Wyse | Joshua Wyse | ["1 References","2 External links"] | Sierra Leonean swimmer
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Joshua Wyse" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Joshua WysePersonal informationFull nameJoshua Jonathan Julius WyseBorn (2001-03-24) 24 March 2001 (age 23)Freetown, Sierra LeoneHeight158 cm (5 ft 2 in)SportCountry Sierra LeoneSportSwimming
Joshua Jonathan Julius Wyse (born 24 March 2001) is a Sierra Leonean swimmer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
References
^ "Joshua Wyse". Tokyo 2020 Olympics. Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
External links
Joshua Wyse at World Aquatics
Joshua Wyse at Swimrankings.net
Joshua Wyse at Olympedia
Joshua Wyse at Olympics.com
Joshua Wyse at the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games
This biographical article related to a Sierra Leonean swimmer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"swimmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_(sport)"},{"link_name":"2020 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Joshua Jonathan Julius Wyse (born 24 March 2001) is a Sierra Leonean swimmer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.[1]","title":"Joshua Wyse"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Joshua Wyse\". Tokyo 2020 Olympics. Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210808222750/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/swimming/athlete-profile-n1283633-wyse-joshua.htm","url_text":"\"Joshua Wyse\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games","url_text":"Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games"},{"url":"https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/swimming/athlete-profile-n1283633-wyse-joshua.htm","url_text":"the original"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Joshua+Wyse%22","external_links_name":"\"Joshua Wyse\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Joshua+Wyse%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Joshua+Wyse%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Joshua+Wyse%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Joshua+Wyse%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Joshua+Wyse%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210808222750/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/swimming/athlete-profile-n1283633-wyse-joshua.htm","external_links_name":"\"Joshua Wyse\""},{"Link":"https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/swimming/athlete-profile-n1283633-wyse-joshua.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.worldaquatics.com/athletes/1057233/-#main-content","external_links_name":"Joshua Wyse"},{"Link":"https://www.swimrankings.net/index.php?page=athleteDetail&athleteId=5322917","external_links_name":"Joshua Wyse"},{"Link":"https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/2503954","external_links_name":"Joshua Wyse"},{"Link":"https://olympics.com/en/athletes/joshua-wyse","external_links_name":"Joshua Wyse"},{"Link":"https://results.birmingham2022.com/#/athlete-details/40688","external_links_name":"Joshua Wyse"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Wyse&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keski-Suomi_(newspaper) | Keskisuomalainen | ["1 History and profile","2 Circulation","3 References","4 External links"] | KeskisuomalainenFront page for 11 December 2008TypeDaily newspaperFormatBroadsheetOwner(s)Keskisuomalainen OyjPublisherKeskisuomalainen OyjEditorPekka MervolaFounded1871; 153 years ago (1871)Political alignmentCentristLanguageFinnishHeadquartersJyväskylä, FinlandCirculation61,163 (2013)Sister newspapersSavon SanomatISSN0356-1402Websitewww.ksml.fi
Keskisuomalainen is a daily Finnish language newspaper published in Jyväskylä, serving central Finland (Keski-Suomi means Central Finland). Its parent company Keskisuomalainen Oyj owns nearly 80 newspapers.
History and profile
Keskisuomalainen was first published on 7 January 1871 with the title Keski-Suomi, and is the oldest Finnish-language newspaper still in circulation. The current name was adopted in 1918. The paper has its headquarters in Jyväskylä. Keskisuomalainen is published in broadsheet format. The paper was the organ of the Centre Party until 1986 when it declared itself as "a newspaper in the centre".
The paper's parent company, Keskisuomalainen Oyj, has a virtual monopoly in newspaper publishing in central Finland. After April 2019 Keskisuomalainen owns nearly 80 different newspapers.
Acquisitions:
2001 Savon Mediat Oy; majority of shares in 2001, and rest in 2006
Savon Sanomat and some local papers
2013 Suomen Lehtiyhtymä
Aamuposti, Keski-Uusimaa, Helsingin Uutiset, Länsiväylä and Vantaan Sanomat
2016 Mediatalo ESA
Etelä-Suomen Sanomat ja Radio Voima.
April 2019 Kaakon Viestintä and ESV-Paikallismediat Oy and printing house in Kouvola from Länsi-Savo -conglomerate.
Itä-Savo, Etelä-Saimaa, Kouvolan Sanomat, Kymen Sanomat ja Länsi-Savo and Uutisvuoksi.
9 weekly newspapers: Juvan Lehti, Kaakonkulma, Kangasniemen Kunnallislehti, Keskilaakso, Luumäen Lehti, Länsi-Saimaan Sanomat, Paikallislehti Joutseno, Pitäjänuutiset and Puruvesi-lehti.
Circulation
The circulation of Keskisuomalainen was 77,135 copies in 2001. In 2003 the paper had a circulation of 76,000 copies. The 2004 circulation of the paper was 76,816 copies and it was the fifth best-selling paper in the country. The same year the paper had a readership of 188,000. The paper had a circulation of 74,840 copies in 2006.
In January 2007 its circulation was 76,000 copies, making it the fifth highest circulation of daily Finnish papers, while the average number of readers climbed up to 130,000. The circulation of the paper was 74,945 copies in 2007. The paper had a circulation of 73,559 copies in 2008 and 71,777 copies in 2009. Its circulation was 68,880 copies in 2009 and 68,101 copies in 2010. It fell to 65,327 copies in 2012. The circulation of Keskisuomalainen was 61,163 copies in 2013.
References
^ a b "Läjä isoja lehtiä yksiin käsiin: Keskisuomalaisen haltuun 6 sanomalehteä Kaakkois-Suomesta – "Väistämätöntä, kun yritetään pysyä hengissä"". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). Retrieved 9 April 2019.
^ a b Hokkanen, Kari. Keskisuomalaisessakin on taisteltu vallasta ja linjasta, Ilkka (in Finnish), 2 December 2007
^ a b "Karjalainen, Keskisuomalainen, Savon Sanomat and Etelä-Suomen Sanomat choose Neo by Anygraaf". Anygraaf Oy. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
^ a b Raimo Salokangas. "From Political to National, Regional and Local" (PDF). Cirebon. Archived from the original (Book chapter) on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
^ a b "World Press Trends" (PDF). World Association of Newspapers. Paris. 2004. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
^ a b Salminen, Airi and Hakaniemi, Kirsi. Facing the challenges of multi-channel publishing in a newspaper company, Journal of Cases on Information Technology (January 2007)
^ "Finland Press and Media". Press Reference. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
^ Mary Kelly; Gianpietro Mazzoleni; Denis McQuail, eds. (31 January 2004). The Media in Europe: The Euromedia Handbook. SAGE Publications. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7619-4132-3. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
^ a b Olli Nurmi (11 October 2004). "Colour quality control – The Finnish example" (PDF). VTT. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
^ "Top ten daily newspapers by circulation 2006". Nordicom. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
^ "The Nordic Media Market" (PDF). Nordicom. 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
^ a b "National Newspapers". International Federation of Audit Bureaux of Circulations. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
^ Sampsa Saikkonen; Paula Häkämies (5 January 2014). "Mapping Digital Media:Finland" (Report). Open Society Foundations. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
^ "Top 20 daily paid-for newspapers in the Nordic countries 2013". Nordicom. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
External links
Official website
Media related to Keskisuomalainen at Wikimedia Commons | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jyväskylä","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4"},{"link_name":"central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Finland"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"}],"text":"Keskisuomalainen is a daily Finnish language newspaper published in Jyväskylä, serving central Finland (Keski-Suomi means Central Finland). Its parent company Keskisuomalainen Oyj owns nearly 80 newspapers.[1]","title":"Keskisuomalainen"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-founding-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anyoy-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-founding-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-raimo-4"},{"link_name":"broadsheet format","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadsheet"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wan-5"},{"link_name":"Centre Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-raimo-4"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anyoy-3"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-study-6"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Savon Sanomat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savon_Sanomat"},{"link_name":"Aamuposti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aamuposti"},{"link_name":"Keski-Uusimaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keski-Uusimaa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Helsingin Uutiset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingin_Uutiset"},{"link_name":"Vantaan Sanomat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vantaan_Sanomat&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Etelä-Suomen Sanomat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4-Suomen_Sanomat"},{"link_name":"Itä-Savo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4-Savo"},{"link_name":"Etelä-Saimaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4-Saimaa"},{"link_name":"Kouvolan Sanomat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouvolan_Sanomat"},{"link_name":"Kymen Sanomat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kymen_Sanomat"},{"link_name":"Länsi-Savo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Savo"},{"link_name":"Uutisvuoksi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uutisvuoksi&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Keskisuomalainen was first published on 7 January 1871 with the title Keski-Suomi, and is the oldest Finnish-language newspaper still in circulation.[2][3] The current name was adopted in 1918.[2] The paper has its headquarters in Jyväskylä.[4] Keskisuomalainen is published in broadsheet format.[5] The paper was the organ of the Centre Party until 1986 when it declared itself as \"a newspaper in the centre\".[4]The paper's parent company, Keskisuomalainen Oyj,[3] has a virtual monopoly in newspaper publishing in central Finland.[6] After April 2019 Keskisuomalainen owns nearly 80 different newspapers.[1]Acquisitions:2001 Savon Mediat Oy; majority of shares in 2001, and rest in 2006\nSavon Sanomat and some local papers2013 Suomen Lehtiyhtymä\nAamuposti, Keski-Uusimaa, Helsingin Uutiset, Länsiväylä and Vantaan Sanomat2016 Mediatalo ESA\nEtelä-Suomen Sanomat ja Radio Voima.April 2019 Kaakon Viestintä and ESV-Paikallismediat Oy and printing house in Kouvola from Länsi-Savo -conglomerate.\nItä-Savo, Etelä-Saimaa, Kouvolan Sanomat, Kymen Sanomat ja Länsi-Savo and Uutisvuoksi.\n9 weekly newspapers: Juvan Lehti, Kaakonkulma, Kangasniemen Kunnallislehti, Keskilaakso, Luumäen Lehti, Länsi-Saimaan Sanomat, Paikallislehti Joutseno, Pitäjänuutiset and Puruvesi-lehti.","title":"History and profile"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wan-5"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-olli-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-olli-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-study-6"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ifa-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ifa-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"The circulation of Keskisuomalainen was 77,135 copies in 2001.[7][8] In 2003 the paper had a circulation of 76,000 copies.[5] The 2004 circulation of the paper was 76,816 copies and it was the fifth best-selling paper in the country.[9] The same year the paper had a readership of 188,000.[9] The paper had a circulation of 74,840 copies in 2006.[10]In January 2007 its circulation was 76,000 copies, making it the fifth highest circulation of daily Finnish papers, while the average number of readers climbed up to 130,000.[6] The circulation of the paper was 74,945 copies in 2007.[11] The paper had a circulation of 73,559 copies in 2008 and 71,777 copies in 2009.[12] Its circulation was 68,880 copies in 2009 and 68,101 copies in 2010.[12] It fell to 65,327 copies in 2012.[13] The circulation of Keskisuomalainen was 61,163 copies in 2013.[14]","title":"Circulation"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Läjä isoja lehtiä yksiin käsiin: Keskisuomalaisen haltuun 6 sanomalehteä Kaakkois-Suomesta – \"Väistämätöntä, kun yritetään pysyä hengissä\"\". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). Retrieved 9 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10725031","url_text":"\"Läjä isoja lehtiä yksiin käsiin: Keskisuomalaisen haltuun 6 sanomalehteä Kaakkois-Suomesta – \"Väistämätöntä, kun yritetään pysyä hengissä\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"Karjalainen, Keskisuomalainen, Savon Sanomat and Etelä-Suomen Sanomat choose Neo by Anygraaf\". Anygraaf Oy. Retrieved 13 December 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.anygraaf.com/main/news_eng/karjalainen_keskisuomalainen_savon_sanomat_and_etel%E4suomen_sanomat_choose_anygraafs_neo_542.html","url_text":"\"Karjalainen, Keskisuomalainen, Savon Sanomat and Etelä-Suomen Sanomat choose Neo by Anygraaf\""}]},{"reference":"Raimo Salokangas. \"From Political to National, Regional and Local\" (PDF). Cirebon. Archived from the original (Book chapter) on 14 December 2014. 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Retrieved 7 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/publikationer-hela-pdf/nmt09_001-194.pdf","url_text":"\"The Nordic Media Market\""}]},{"reference":"\"National Newspapers\". International Federation of Audit Bureaux of Circulations. Retrieved 5 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ifabc.org/site/assets/media/National-Newspapers_total-circulation_IFABC_17-01-13.xls","url_text":"\"National Newspapers\""}]},{"reference":"Sampsa Saikkonen; Paula Häkämies (5 January 2014). \"Mapping Digital Media:Finland\" (Report). Open Society Foundations. Retrieved 23 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/mapping-digital-media-finland-20140214.pdf","url_text":"\"Mapping Digital Media:Finland\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 20 daily paid-for newspapers in the Nordic countries 2013\". Nordicom. Retrieved 3 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/medieforskning-statistik/1092_topnordicnewspapers2013.xlsx","url_text":"\"Top 20 daily paid-for newspapers in the Nordic countries 2013\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0356-1402","external_links_name":"0356-1402"},{"Link":"http://www.ksml.fi/","external_links_name":"www.ksml.fi"},{"Link":"https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10725031","external_links_name":"\"Läjä isoja lehtiä yksiin käsiin: Keskisuomalaisen haltuun 6 sanomalehteä Kaakkois-Suomesta – \"Väistämätöntä, kun yritetään pysyä hengissä\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.ilkka.fi/Article.jsp?article=306303","external_links_name":"Keskisuomalaisessakin on taisteltu vallasta ja linjasta"},{"Link":"http://www.anygraaf.com/main/news_eng/karjalainen_keskisuomalainen_savon_sanomat_and_etel%E4suomen_sanomat_choose_anygraafs_neo_542.html","external_links_name":"\"Karjalainen, Keskisuomalainen, Savon Sanomat and Etelä-Suomen Sanomat choose Neo by Anygraaf\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141214172635/http://web.iaincirebon.ac.id/ebook/moon/LocalMatters/31_salokangas.pdf","external_links_name":"\"From Political to National, Regional and Local\""},{"Link":"http://web.iaincirebon.ac.id/ebook/moon/LocalMatters/31_salokangas.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.wan-press.org/ecrire/upload/wpt2004.pdf","external_links_name":"\"World Press Trends\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121104095053/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-164424335.html","external_links_name":"Facing the challenges of multi-channel publishing in a newspaper company"},{"Link":"http://www.pressreference.com/Fa-Gu/Finland.html","external_links_name":"\"Finland Press and Media\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=0moFhDLjTiwC&pg=PA62","external_links_name":"The Media in Europe: The Euromedia Handbook"},{"Link":"http://virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/proj2/managing_quality/printcert_fin.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Colour quality control – The Finnish example\""},{"Link":"http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/medieforskning-statistik/1127_1060_topten_dailies_2006.xls","external_links_name":"\"Top ten daily newspapers by circulation 2006\""},{"Link":"http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/publikationer-hela-pdf/nmt09_001-194.pdf","external_links_name":"\"The Nordic Media Market\""},{"Link":"http://www.ifabc.org/site/assets/media/National-Newspapers_total-circulation_IFABC_17-01-13.xls","external_links_name":"\"National Newspapers\""},{"Link":"http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/mapping-digital-media-finland-20140214.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Mapping Digital Media:Finland\""},{"Link":"http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/medieforskning-statistik/1092_topnordicnewspapers2013.xlsx","external_links_name":"\"Top 20 daily paid-for newspapers in the Nordic countries 2013\""},{"Link":"http://www.ksml.fi/","external_links_name":"Official website"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_of_Saragossa | Vincent of Saragossa | ["1 Biography","2 Legacy and veneration","2.1 Patronage","2.2 Iconography","3 See also","4 References","5 Books and articles","6 External links"] | Saint and martyr
For other people called Saragossa, see Saragossa (disambiguation).
SaintVincent of Saragossa15th-century painting of Vincent by Tomás Giner.Protomartyr of SpainBorn3rd centuryOsca, Hispania Tarraconensis (now Huesca, Aragon, Spain)Diedc. 304Valentia, Hispania Tarraconensis (now Valencia, Spain)Venerated inCatholic ChurchAnglican CommunionEastern Orthodox ChurchCanonizedPre-CongregationFeast22 January (Catholic, Eastern Orthodox & Anglican Churches)11 November (Eastern Orthodox Church additional feast day)AttributesVested as a deacon, tools of martyrdom and so forthPatronageSão Vicente, Lisbon; Algarve; Valencia; Vicenza, Italy, vignerons (wine-makers), vintners (wine-merchants), vinegar-makers; Order of Deacons of the Catholic Diocese of Bergamo (Italy).
Vincent of Saragossa (also known as Vincent Martyr, Vincent of Huesca or Vincent the Deacon), the Protomartyr of Spain, was a deacon of the Church of Saragossa. He is the patron saint of Lisbon and Valencia. His feast day is 22 January in the Catholic Church and Anglican Communion and the Eastern Orthodox Church, with an additional commemoration on 11 November in the Eastern Orthodox Church. He was born at Huesca and martyred under the Emperor Diocletian around the year 304.
Biography
The earliest account of Vincent's martyrdom is in a carmen (lyric poem) written by the poet Prudentius, who wrote a series of lyric poems, Peristephanon ("Crowns of Martyrdom"), on Hispanic and Roman martyrs.
He was born at Huesca, near Saragossa, Spain sometime during the latter part of the 3rd century; it is believed his father was Eutricius (Euthicius), and his mother was Enola, a native of Osca (Huesca).
Vincent spent most of his life in the city of Saragossa, where he was educated and ordained to the diaconate by Bishop Valerius of Saragossa, who commissioned Vincent to preach throughout the diocese. Because Valerius suffered from a speech impediment, Vincent acted as his spokesman.
When the Roman Emperor Diocletian began persecuting Christians in Spain, both were brought before the Roman governor, Dacian, in Valencia. Vincent and his bishop Valerius were confined to the prison of Valencia. Though he was finally offered release if he would consign Scripture to the fire, Vincent refused. Speaking on behalf of his bishop, he informed the judge that they were ready to suffer everything for their faith, and that they could pay no heed either to threats or promises.
His outspoken manner so angered the governor that he had every sort of torture inflicted on Vincent. He was stretched on the rack and his flesh torn with iron hooks. Then his wounds were rubbed with salt and he was burned alive upon a red-hot gridiron. Finally, he was cast into prison and laid on a floor scattered with broken pottery, where he died. During his martyrdom he preserved such peace and tranquillity that it astonished his jailer, who repented from his sins and was converted. Vincent's dead body was thrown into the sea in a sack, but was later recovered by the Christians and his veneration immediately spread throughout the church. The aged bishop Valerius was exiled.
St. Vincent of Saragossa (Menologion of Basil II, 10th century).
The story that Vincent was tortured on a gridiron is perhaps adapted from the martyrdom of another son of Huesca, Lawrence— Vincent, like many early martyrs in the early hagiographic literature, succeeded in converting his jailer.
According to legend, after being martyred, ravens protected Vincent's body from being devoured by vultures, until his followers could recover the body. His body was taken to what is now known as Cape St. Vincent; a shrine was erected over his grave, which continued to be guarded by flocks of ravens. In the time of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula, the Arab geographer Al-Idrisi noted this constant guard by ravens, for which the place was named by him كنيسة الغراب "Kanīsah al-Ghurāb" (Church of the Raven). King Afonso I of Portugal (1139–1185) had Vincent's body exhumed in 1173 and brought it by ship to the Lisbon Cathedral. This transfer of the relics is depicted on the coat of arms of Lisbon.
Legacy and veneration
San Vicente Mártir thrown into the dung-hill.
Three elaborated hagiographies, all based ultimately on a lost 5th-century Passion, circulated in the Middle Ages. His "Acts" have been "rather freely colored by the imagination of their compiler".
Though Vincent's tomb in Valencia became the earliest center of his cult, he was also honoured at his birthplace and his reputation spread from Saragossa. The city of Oviedo in Asturias grew about the church dedicated to Vincent. Beyond the Pyrenees, he was venerated first in the vicinity of Béziers, and at Narbonne. Castres became an important stop on the international pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela when the relics of Vincent were transferred to its new abbey-church dedicated to Saint Benedict from Saragossa in 863, under the patronage of Salomon, count of Cerdanya.
Tiled mosaic in the Cathedral of Braga depicting the translation of St. Vincent's arm.
A church was built in honour of Vincent, by the Catholic bishops of Visigothic Iberia, when they succeeded in converting King Reccared and his nobles to Trinitarian Christianity. When the Moors came in 711, the church was razed, and its materials incorporated in the Mezquita, the "Great Mosque" of Cordova.
The Cape Verde island of São Vicente, a former Portuguese colony, was named in his honour because it was discovered on 22 January, Saint Vincent's feast day, in 1462.
The island of St. Vincent in the Caribbean, now a part of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, was named by Christopher Columbus after Vincent of Saragossa, as the island was discovered by Europeans on 22 January, Saint Vincent's feast day.
The 15th century Portuguese artist Nuno Gonçalves depicted him in his Saint Vincent Panels. A small fresco cycle of stories of Vincent is in the apse of the Basilica di San Vincenzo near Cantù, in northern Italy.
Painting of Saints Vincent Martyr, Vincent Ferrer, and Raymond of Penyafort. Oil on canvas. Anonymous author, school of Francisco Ribalta.
Vincent's left arm is on display as a relic in Valencia Cathedral, located near the extensive Carrer de Sant Vicent Mártir (Saint Vincent the Martyr Street).
There is also the small town of São Vicente on the Portuguese island of Madeira, and the city of São Vicente, São Paulo in Brazil named after this saint.
Vincent is remembered in the Anglican Communion with a commemoration on 22 January. The Anglican St. Vincent's Cathedral in Bedford, Texas, is dedicated in his honor.
Patronage
Saint Vincent is the patron of the Order of the Deacons of the Catholic Diocese of Bergamo (Italy). He is honoured as patron in Valencia, Saragossa, Portugal, etc., and is invoked by vignerons (wine-makers), vintners (wine-merchants), vinegar-makers, brickmakers, and sailors.
Iconography
Vincent of Saragossa is portrayed as a deacon; in the Western church, wearing the dalmatic of a deacon.
See also
Saint Vincent of Saragossa, patron saint archive
References
^ https://orthochristian.com/118409.html
^ a b c d Mershman, Francis. "St. Vincent." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 12 Feb. 2015
^ a b "St. Vincent of Saragossa, Deacon, first Martyr of Spain", St. Vincent Cathedral, Bedford, Texas
^ a b Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Vincent". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate - Quality Catholic Publications. p. 26. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
^ Purcell, Mary (1960). Saint Anthony and His Times. Garden City, New York: Hanover House. pp. 44–45.
^ "St. Vincent of Zaragossa", Franciscan Media
^ Duffy, Patrick. "St Vincent of Saragossa", Catholic Ireland, January 22, 2012
^ André, Barbe (2003). Les îles du Cap-Vert, de la découverte à nos jours, une introduction de l'entrepôt des esclaves à la nation créole. Evora, Cesaria, (1941-2011). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782747537308. OCLC 491989401.
^ Cathedral of Valencia
^ "The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ "For All the Saints / For All the Saints - A Resource for the Commemorations of the Calendar / Worship Resources/ Karakia/ ANZPB-HKMOA / Resources / Home - Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia". www.anglican.org.nz. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ "Vincent of Saragossa, Deacon and Martyr, 304". The Episcopal Church. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
Books and articles
Ælfric of Eynsham (1881). "The Martyrdom of St. Vincent" . Ælfric's Lives of Saints. London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co.
Aliette, Genviève (Marquis de Maille) (1949), Vincent D'Agen et saint Vincent de Saragosse: Etude de la "Passio S. Vincentii Martyris". Melun: Libraire D'Argences.(in French)
Delehaye, Hippolyte (1911). "Vincent, St" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 89–90.
Saxer, Victor (2002). Saint Vincent diacre et martyr: culte et légendes avant l'An Mil (in French). Bruxelles: Société des Bollandistes. ISBN 978-2-87365-011-7.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vincent of Saragossa.
Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square
Butler, Alban. “Saint Vincent, Martyr”. Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints, 1866
Portals: Saints Biography Catholicism Spain
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IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Saragossa (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saragossa_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Church of Saragossa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zaragoza"},{"link_name":"patron saint","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_saint"},{"link_name":"Lisbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon"},{"link_name":"Valencia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia_(city_in_Spain)"},{"link_name":"Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Anglican Communion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion"},{"link_name":"Eastern Orthodox Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church"},{"link_name":"Huesca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huesca"},{"link_name":"Diocletian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian"}],"text":"For other people called Saragossa, see Saragossa (disambiguation).Vincent of Saragossa (also known as Vincent Martyr, Vincent of Huesca or Vincent the Deacon), the Protomartyr of Spain, was a deacon of the Church of Saragossa. He is the patron saint of Lisbon and Valencia. His feast day is 22 January in the Catholic Church and Anglican Communion and the Eastern Orthodox Church, with an additional commemoration on 11 November in the Eastern Orthodox Church. He was born at Huesca and martyred under the Emperor Diocletian around the year 304.","title":"Vincent of Saragossa"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"poem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poem"},{"link_name":"Prudentius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudentius"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mershman-2"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispania"},{"link_name":"Roman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome"},{"link_name":"Huesca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huesca"},{"link_name":"Saragossa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saragossa"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-texas-3"},{"link_name":"Valerius of Saragossa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerius_of_Saragossa"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-texas-3"},{"link_name":"Dacian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacian_(prefect)"},{"link_name":"to the fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_burning"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SHMI-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SHMI-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vincent_of_Saragossa_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg"},{"link_name":"Menologion of Basil II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menologion_of_Basil_II"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crest_of_Lisboa.png"},{"link_name":"martyrdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrdom"},{"link_name":"Lawrence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence"},{"link_name":"hagiographic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagiography"},{"link_name":"ravens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven"},{"link_name":"Cape St. Vincent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_St._Vincent"},{"link_name":"Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus"},{"link_name":"geographer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographer"},{"link_name":"Al-Idrisi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Idrisi"},{"link_name":"Afonso I of Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal"},{"link_name":"Lisbon Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral"},{"link_name":"coat of arms of Lisbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lisbon"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"The earliest account of Vincent's martyrdom is in a carmen (lyric poem) written by the poet Prudentius,[2] who wrote a series of lyric poems, Peristephanon (\"Crowns of Martyrdom\"), on Hispanic and Roman martyrs.He was born at Huesca, near Saragossa, Spain sometime during the latter part of the 3rd century; it is believed his father was Eutricius (Euthicius), and his mother was Enola, a native of Osca (Huesca).[3]Vincent spent most of his life in the city of Saragossa, where he was educated and ordained to the diaconate by Bishop Valerius of Saragossa, who commissioned Vincent to preach throughout the diocese.[3] Because Valerius suffered from a speech impediment, Vincent acted as his spokesman.When the Roman Emperor Diocletian began persecuting Christians in Spain, both were brought before the Roman governor, Dacian, in Valencia. Vincent and his bishop Valerius were confined to the prison of Valencia. Though he was finally offered release if he would consign Scripture to the fire, Vincent refused. Speaking on behalf of his bishop, he informed the judge that they were ready to suffer everything for their faith, and that they could pay no heed either to threats or promises.[4]His outspoken manner so angered the governor that he had every sort of torture inflicted on Vincent. He was stretched on the rack and his flesh torn with iron hooks. Then his wounds were rubbed with salt and he was burned alive upon a red-hot gridiron. Finally, he was cast into prison and laid on a floor scattered with broken pottery, where he died. During his martyrdom he preserved such peace and tranquillity that it astonished his jailer, who repented from his sins and was converted. Vincent's dead body was thrown into the sea in a sack, but was later recovered by the Christians and his veneration immediately spread throughout the church.[4] The aged bishop Valerius was exiled.St. Vincent of Saragossa (Menologion of Basil II, 10th century).The story that Vincent was tortured on a gridiron is perhaps adapted from the martyrdom of another son of Huesca, Lawrence— Vincent, like many early martyrs in the early hagiographic literature, succeeded in converting his jailer.According to legend, after being martyred, ravens protected Vincent's body from being devoured by vultures, until his followers could recover the body. His body was taken to what is now known as Cape St. Vincent; a shrine was erected over his grave, which continued to be guarded by flocks of ravens. In the time of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula, the Arab geographer Al-Idrisi noted this constant guard by ravens, for which the place was named by him كنيسة الغراب \"Kanīsah al-Ghurāb\" (Church of the Raven). King Afonso I of Portugal (1139–1185) had Vincent's body exhumed in 1173 and brought it by ship to the Lisbon Cathedral. This transfer of the relics is depicted on the coat of arms of Lisbon.[5]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:San_Vicente_M%C3%A1rtir_arrojado_al_muladar.jpg"},{"link_name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"cult","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_(religion)"},{"link_name":"Oviedo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oviedo"},{"link_name":"Asturias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asturias"},{"link_name":"Pyrenees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenees"},{"link_name":"Béziers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers"},{"link_name":"Narbonne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbonne"},{"link_name":"Castres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castres"},{"link_name":"Santiago de Compostela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela"},{"link_name":"Saint Benedict","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Benedict"},{"link_name":"Cerdanya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerdanya"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transladacao_para_S%C3%A9_de_Braga.jpg"},{"link_name":"Cathedral of Braga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_Braga"},{"link_name":"translation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(relic)"},{"link_name":"Reccared","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reccared_I"},{"link_name":"Moors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors"},{"link_name":"Mezquita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezquita"},{"link_name":"Mosque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Cape Verde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde"},{"link_name":"São Vicente","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde"},{"link_name":"Portuguese colony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"St. Vincent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_(island)"},{"link_name":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines"},{"link_name":"Christopher Columbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus"},{"link_name":"Nuno Gonçalves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuno_Gon%C3%A7alves"},{"link_name":"Saint Vincent Panels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_Panels"},{"link_name":"Basilica di San Vincenzo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Vincenzo"},{"link_name":"Cantù","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B9"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vicente_de_Zaragoza_(School_of_Francisco_Ribalta)_XVII_century.jpeg"},{"link_name":"Vincent Ferrer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer"},{"link_name":"Raymond of Penyafort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort"},{"link_name":"Francisco Ribalta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Ribalta"},{"link_name":"relic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relic"},{"link_name":"Valencia Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia_Cathedral"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"São Vicente","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente_(Madeira)"},{"link_name":"Madeira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira"},{"link_name":"São Vicente, São Paulo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo"},{"link_name":"Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"remembered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)"},{"link_name":"Anglican Communion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion"},{"link_name":"commemoration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemoration_(observance)"},{"link_name":"22 January","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_22"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Anglican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America"},{"link_name":"St. Vincent's Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Vincent%27s_Cathedral"},{"link_name":"Bedford, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford,_Texas"}],"text":"San Vicente Mártir thrown into the dung-hill.Three elaborated hagiographies, all based ultimately on a lost 5th-century Passion, circulated in the Middle Ages. His \"Acts\" have been \"rather freely colored by the imagination of their compiler\".[6]Though Vincent's tomb in Valencia became the earliest center of his cult, he was also honoured at his birthplace and his reputation spread from Saragossa. The city of Oviedo in Asturias grew about the church dedicated to Vincent. Beyond the Pyrenees, he was venerated first in the vicinity of Béziers, and at Narbonne. Castres became an important stop on the international pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela when the relics of Vincent were transferred to its new abbey-church dedicated to Saint Benedict from Saragossa in 863, under the patronage of Salomon, count of Cerdanya.Tiled mosaic in the Cathedral of Braga depicting the translation of St. Vincent's arm.A church was built in honour of Vincent, by the Catholic bishops of Visigothic Iberia, when they succeeded in converting King Reccared and his nobles to Trinitarian Christianity. When the Moors came in 711, the church was razed, and its materials incorporated in the Mezquita, the \"Great Mosque\" of Cordova.[7]The Cape Verde island of São Vicente, a former Portuguese colony, was named in his honour because it was discovered on 22 January, Saint Vincent's feast day, in 1462.[8]The island of St. Vincent in the Caribbean, now a part of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, was named by Christopher Columbus after Vincent of Saragossa, as the island was discovered by Europeans on 22 January, Saint Vincent's feast day.The 15th century Portuguese artist Nuno Gonçalves depicted him in his Saint Vincent Panels. A small fresco cycle of stories of Vincent is in the apse of the Basilica di San Vincenzo near Cantù, in northern Italy.Painting of Saints Vincent Martyr, Vincent Ferrer, and Raymond of Penyafort. Oil on canvas. Anonymous author, school of Francisco Ribalta.Vincent's left arm is on display as a relic in Valencia Cathedral,[9] located near the extensive Carrer de Sant Vicent Mártir (Saint Vincent the Martyr Street).There is also the small town of São Vicente on the Portuguese island of Madeira, and the city of São Vicente, São Paulo in Brazil named after this saint.Vincent is remembered in the Anglican Communion with a commemoration on 22 January.[10][11][12] The Anglican St. Vincent's Cathedral in Bedford, Texas, is dedicated in his honor.","title":"Legacy and veneration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"vignerons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winemaker"},{"link_name":"vintners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winemaker"},{"link_name":"vinegar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mershman-2"}],"sub_title":"Patronage","text":"Saint Vincent is the patron of the Order of the Deacons of the Catholic Diocese of Bergamo (Italy). He is honoured as patron in Valencia, Saragossa, Portugal, etc., and is invoked by vignerons (wine-makers), vintners (wine-merchants), vinegar-makers, brickmakers, and sailors.[2]","title":"Legacy and veneration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Western church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Christianity"},{"link_name":"dalmatic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmatic"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mershman-2"}],"sub_title":"Iconography","text":"Vincent of Saragossa is portrayed as a deacon; in the Western church, wearing the dalmatic of a deacon.[2]","title":"Legacy and veneration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ælfric of Eynsham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Eynsham"},{"link_name":"\"The Martyrdom of St. Vincent\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%86lfric%27s_Lives_of_Saints/The_Martyrdom_of_St._Vincent"},{"link_name":"Delehaye, Hippolyte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte_Delehaye"},{"link_name":"\"Vincent, St\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Vincent,_St"},{"link_name":"Encyclopædia Britannica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition"},{"link_name":"Saint Vincent diacre et martyr: culte et légendes avant l'An Mil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=UWPZAAAAMAAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-2-87365-011-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87365-011-7"}],"text":"Ælfric of Eynsham (1881). \"The Martyrdom of St. Vincent\" . Ælfric's Lives of Saints. London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co.\nAliette, Genviève (Marquis de Maille) (1949), Vincent D'Agen et saint Vincent de Saragosse: Etude de la \"Passio S. Vincentii Martyris\". Melun: Libraire D'Argences.(in French)\nDelehaye, Hippolyte (1911). \"Vincent, St\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 89–90.\nSaxer, Victor (2002). Saint Vincent diacre et martyr: culte et légendes avant l'An Mil (in French). Bruxelles: Société des Bollandistes. ISBN 978-2-87365-011-7.","title":"Books and articles"}] | [{"image_text":"St. Vincent of Saragossa (Menologion of Basil II, 10th century).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vincent_of_Saragossa_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg/220px-Vincent_of_Saragossa_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Crest_of_Lisboa.png/180px-Crest_of_Lisboa.png"},{"image_text":"San Vicente Mártir thrown into the dung-hill.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/San_Vicente_M%C3%A1rtir_arrojado_al_muladar.jpg/250px-San_Vicente_M%C3%A1rtir_arrojado_al_muladar.jpg"},{"image_text":"Tiled mosaic in the Cathedral of Braga depicting the translation of St. Vincent's arm.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Transladacao_para_S%C3%A9_de_Braga.jpg/220px-Transladacao_para_S%C3%A9_de_Braga.jpg"},{"image_text":"Painting of Saints Vincent Martyr, Vincent Ferrer, and Raymond of Penyafort. Oil on canvas. Anonymous author, school of Francisco Ribalta.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vicente_de_Zaragoza_%28School_of_Francisco_Ribalta%29_XVII_century.jpeg/250px-Vicente_de_Zaragoza_%28School_of_Francisco_Ribalta%29_XVII_century.jpeg"}] | [{"title":"Saint Vincent of Saragossa, patron saint archive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church/Patron_Archive/January_22"}] | [{"reference":"Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). \"St. Vincent\". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate - Quality Catholic Publications. p. 26. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-91595-4-5","url_text":"971-91595-4-5"}]},{"reference":"Purcell, Mary (1960). Saint Anthony and His Times. Garden City, New York: Hanover House. pp. 44–45.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/saintanthonyhist00purc","url_text":"Saint Anthony and His Times"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/saintanthonyhist00purc/page/44","url_text":"44–45"}]},{"reference":"André, Barbe (2003). Les îles du Cap-Vert, de la découverte à nos jours, une introduction de l'entrepôt des esclaves à la nation créole. Evora, Cesaria, (1941-2011). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782747537308. OCLC 491989401.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782747537308","url_text":"9782747537308"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491989401","url_text":"491989401"}]},{"reference":"\"The Calendar\". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar","url_text":"\"The Calendar\""}]},{"reference":"\"For All the Saints / For All the Saints - A Resource for the Commemorations of the Calendar / Worship Resources/ Karakia/ ANZPB-HKMOA / Resources / Home - Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia\". www.anglican.org.nz. Retrieved 27 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.anglican.org.nz/Resources/Worship-Resources-Karakia-ANZPB-HKMOA/For-All-the-Saints-A-Resource-for-the-Commemorations-of-the-Calendar/For-All-the-Saints#s","url_text":"\"For All the Saints / For All the Saints - A Resource for the Commemorations of the Calendar / Worship Resources/ Karakia/ ANZPB-HKMOA / Resources / Home - Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia\""}]},{"reference":"\"Vincent of Saragossa, Deacon and Martyr, 304\". The Episcopal Church. Retrieved 19 July 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.episcopalchurch.org/lectionary/vincent-of-saragossa/","url_text":"\"Vincent of Saragossa, Deacon and Martyr, 304\""}]},{"reference":"Ælfric of Eynsham (1881). \"The Martyrdom of St. Vincent\" . Ælfric's Lives of Saints. London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Eynsham","url_text":"Ælfric of Eynsham"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%86lfric%27s_Lives_of_Saints/The_Martyrdom_of_St._Vincent","url_text":"\"The Martyrdom of St. Vincent\""}]},{"reference":"Delehaye, Hippolyte (1911). \"Vincent, St\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 89–90.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte_Delehaye","url_text":"Delehaye, Hippolyte"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Vincent,_St","url_text":"\"Vincent, St\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]},{"reference":"Saxer, Victor (2002). Saint Vincent diacre et martyr: culte et légendes avant l'An Mil (in French). Bruxelles: Société des Bollandistes. ISBN 978-2-87365-011-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=UWPZAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Saint Vincent diacre et martyr: culte et légendes avant l'An Mil"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87365-011-7","url_text":"978-2-87365-011-7"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://orthochristian.com/118409.html","external_links_name":"https://orthochristian.com/118409.html"},{"Link":"http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15434b.htm","external_links_name":"Mershman, Francis. \"St. Vincent.\" The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 12 Feb. 2015"},{"Link":"http://www.stvincentscathedral.org/page/st_vincent_of_saragossa_deacon_first_martyr_of_spain","external_links_name":"\"St. Vincent of Saragossa, Deacon, first Martyr of Spain\", St. Vincent Cathedral, Bedford, Texas"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/saintanthonyhist00purc","external_links_name":"Saint Anthony and His Times"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/saintanthonyhist00purc/page/44","external_links_name":"44–45"},{"Link":"https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-vincent-of-zaragossa/","external_links_name":"\"St. Vincent of Zaragossa\", Franciscan Media"},{"Link":"https://www.catholicireland.net/saintoftheday/st-vincent-of-saragossa/","external_links_name":"Duffy, Patrick. \"St Vincent of Saragossa\", Catholic Ireland, January 22, 2012"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491989401","external_links_name":"491989401"},{"Link":"http://valencia.for91days.com/the-cathedral-of-valencia/","external_links_name":"Cathedral of Valencia"},{"Link":"https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar","external_links_name":"\"The Calendar\""},{"Link":"https://www.anglican.org.nz/Resources/Worship-Resources-Karakia-ANZPB-HKMOA/For-All-the-Saints-A-Resource-for-the-Commemorations-of-the-Calendar/For-All-the-Saints#s","external_links_name":"\"For All the Saints / For All the Saints - A Resource for the Commemorations of the Calendar / Worship Resources/ Karakia/ ANZPB-HKMOA / Resources / Home - Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia\""},{"Link":"https://www.episcopalchurch.org/lectionary/vincent-of-saragossa/","external_links_name":"\"Vincent of Saragossa, Deacon and Martyr, 304\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%86lfric%27s_Lives_of_Saints/The_Martyrdom_of_St._Vincent","external_links_name":"\"The Martyrdom of St. Vincent\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Vincent,_St","external_links_name":"\"Vincent, St\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=UWPZAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Saint Vincent diacre et martyr: culte et légendes avant l'An Mil"},{"Link":"http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints/St%20Vincent-61/StVincent.htm","external_links_name":"Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square"},{"Link":"http://catholicsaints.info/butlers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-vincent-martyr/","external_links_name":"Butler, Alban. “Saint Vincent, Martyr”. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Townshend | Emma Townshend | ["1 Early life","2 Writing career","3 Music career","4 Discography","5 References","6 External links"] | British writer
Emma Townshend (born 28 March 1969) is an English writer and journalist, and the elder daughter of The Who's Pete Townshend. She has previously worked as an academic, a musician and in adult education, but since 2006 has been the Independent on Sunday’s garden columnist. Townshend has written for most of the broadsheet newspapers and has been a guest on radio and TV including the BBC World Service, Woman's Hour, and Newsnight.
Early life
Emma Townshend was the first child born to Pete Townshend and his wife Karen (née Karen Astley, 12 June 1947, Grappenhall, Cheshire) in 1969. Three of Townshend's grandparents were professional musicians who had been in armed forces entertainment during the war. Emma's father is the lead guitarist and principal songwriter of the rock band The Who; he has said that when Emma was born, "the room was filled with angels," although he later speculated that this might have been an acid flashback. When she was a baby, her parents took her to the Woodstock festival in a carrycot, and she was brought up following the teachings of the Indian spiritual leader Meher Baba.
Writing career
Townshend attended St Paul's Girls' School. She studied history at King's College, Cambridge then specialised in history of science, receiving a master's degree from Imperial College, London. She then returned to Cambridge for doctoral studies in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science. Before writing up her thesis she left Cambridge to sign to East West Records, part of Warner Music. She began teaching undergraduates in Cambridge and subsequently taught in adult education for over 15 years, including for the Workers Educational Association, Birkbeck and Oxford University's Department of Continuing Education; she was also a Visiting Lecturer at City University, London.
As a journalist Townshend has written for The Telegraph, The Guardian, The Observer, The Times and The Independent, about a range of subjects, often environmental, ranging from the English landscape and long-distance walking to conceptual art. She has also written about sport, profiled public figures such as scientist Richard Dawkins, and often reviews for the Independent’s books pages. She has written in support of using public funds to preserve significant archive material in the history of British pop music.
Townshend is the author of Darwin's Dogs: How Darwin's Pets Helped Form a World-Changing Theory of Evolution (2009) which was generally well-received, and she made several appearances to promote the title.
The book looks at how Darwin used his much-loved dogs as evidence of his continuing argument that all animals including human beings descended from one common ancestor, examining parts of Darwin's own writings in The Descent of Man.
In Darwin's bicentenary year, 2009, Townshend wrote on Darwin’s connections with the Royal Botanic Garden for Kew Magazine, gave talks at the British Museum, and led guided tours of Kew. She continues to have links with the Royal Botanic Gardens: in December 2013 a tour of Kew plus afternoon tea with Townshend was auctioned for charity, by her employers the Independent on Sunday newspaper, selling eventually for £720.
Music career
In 1982 Townshend and her sister Minta made their professional music debut singing back-up on A Bao A Qu, a four-track EP by their aunt, singer-songwriter Virginia Astley, named after a Jorge Luis Borges story. Emma sang back-up on Pete Townshend's White City: A Novel album released in 1985, and appeared in the film of the same title, named after an area of West London. She was also guest vocalist at two November 1985 London concerts by her father's Deep End supergroup.
Townshend's record deal with EastWest Records, part of the Warner Music Group, extended from 1995-1998, and she released the album Winterland in 1998, named after the celebrated sixties San Francisco music venue. The album received good reviews. She provided vocals for "We Can Fly Away", written by Sandy McLelland and Paul Lowin, which was the theme song in the 1999 made-for-TV movie The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns. This song has become her most popular, despite its lack of common ground with material issued under her own name.
Discography
Releases:
Five-A-Side-Football Remixes (Maxi) (2 versions), EastWest, 1998
Five-A-Side-Football Remixes (CD, Maxi), EastWest, 1998
Five-A-Side-Football (12", Promo), EastWest, 1998
The Last Time I Saw Sadie (12", Promo), EastWest, 1998
The Last Time I Saw Sadie (CD, Maxi), EastWest, 1998
Winterland (CD, Album), EastWest, 1998
Appeared On:
A Bao A Qu (Single), "We Will Meet Them Again," Why Fi Records, 1982
From Gardens Where We Feel Secure (Album), "A Summer Long Since Passed," Happy Valley / Rough Trade, 1983
White City: A Novel (Album), ATCO Records, 1985
White City: A Novel (CD, LP), ATCO Records, 1985
White City: A Novel (CD, Album, RM, RE), Hip-O Records, 2006
Pearl + Umbra (CD), "Canyon: Split Asunder," Bella Union, 1999
Tracks Appeared On:
Platinum (2xCD), Five-a-Side Football, Warner Music UK 1998
References
^ Townshend, Pete (2012). Who I Am. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0007466030.
^ Townshend, Emma (17 June 2007). "Pete Townshend's Daughter Looks Back on Her Extraordinary Childhood". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Townshend, Emma (17 January 1998). "Her Generation". The Times (London). Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Townshend, Emma (18 July 2012). "Review of 'Walking Home' by Simon Armitage". The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-02-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Townshend, Emma (25 November 2007). "Raising the Bar". The Observer. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
^ Townshend, Emma (2 July 2010). "Tour de Francophile". Independent Minds Blog. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
^ Townshend, Emma (4 October 2009). "Strident? Do They Mean Me?: Richard Dawkins in interview". The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
^ Townshend, Emma (3 November 2013). "Review of Penelope Fitzgerald, A Life". The Independent on Sunday (London). Retrieved 3 February 2014.
^ Townshend, Emma (February 2009). "Save Our Pop Heritage". The Times (London). Retrieved 3 February 2014.
^ "Darwin's Dogs: How Darwin's Pets Helped Form a World-Ch…".
^ Wynne, Clive (29 October 2009). "Darwin's Puppy Love". Nature. 461 (7268): 1210–1211. Bibcode:2009Natur.461.1210W. doi:10.1038/4611210a. S2CID 4425864. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
^ Poole, Steven (28 November 2009). "Non-Fiction Round Up". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
^ Townshend, Emma (18 January 2010). "Science Weekly Podcast". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
^ Townshend, Emma (20 January 2011). "The Book Swap Interview". Beat Magazine (Online). Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
^ "British Museum - Lunchtime lectures & talks". www.britishmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2009-12-05.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-02-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Á Bao A Qu
^ Miles, Barry; Mabbett, Andy (1994). Pink Floyd the visual documentary (Updated ed.). Omnibus. ISBN 0711941092.
^ Winterland Ballroom
^ "Winterland - Emma Townshend | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic.
^ "The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns (TV Mini Series 1999) - IMDb". IMDb.
^ "Discography". Discogs.
External links
Independent Minds Journal
Emma Townshend on Journalisted
Music archive
vtePete TownshendDiscographyStudio albums
Who Came First
Rough Mix (w/ Ronnie Lane)
Empty Glass
All the Best Cowboys Have Chinese Eyes
White City: A Novel
The Iron Man: A Musical
Psychoderelict
Live albums
Deep End Live! (w/ Deep End)
A Benefit for Maryville Academy
Live: The Empire
Live: Sadler's Wells
Live: The Fillmore
The Oceanic Concerts (w/ Raphael Rudd)
Live: La Jolla Playhouse 2001
Pete Townshend Live BAM 1993
Live: Brixton Academy '85
Compilations
Scoop
Another Scoop
The Best of Pete Townshend
Scoop 3
Scooped
Jai Baba
Lifehouse Chronicles
Lifehouse Elements
Anthology
Truancy: The Very Best of Pete Townshend
Singles
"Rough Boys"
"Let My Love Open the Door"
"A Little Is Enough"
"Keep On Working"
"Face Dances, Pt. 2"
"Face the Face"
"Give Blood"
"English Boy"
Other songs
"Somebody Saved Me"
"Slit Skirts"
"White City Fighting"
"Fire"
DVDs
Lifehouse Chronicles (video)
Live In New York Feat. Psychoderelict
O' Parvardigar
Related articles
Peter Meaden
The Who
Deep End
Happy Birthday
I Am
With Love
O' Parvardigar
Tommy (1975 film)
The Who's Tommy
Tommy (soundtrack)
Quadrophenia (film)
Horse's Neck
The Boy Who Heard Music
The Lifehouse Method
Who I Am
Classic Quadrophenia
Eel Pie Publishing
Eel Pie Studios
Double O
Cliff Townshend
Emma Townshend
Simon Townshend
The Wick
Ashdown House, Oxfordshire
The Boathouse, Twickenham
Chapel House, Twickenham
Authority control databases International
ISNI
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IdRef
This article needs additional or more specific categories. Please help out by adding categories to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. (April 2023) | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Who","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Who"},{"link_name":"Pete Townshend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Townshend"},{"link_name":"Independent on Sunday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent"},{"link_name":"BBC World Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_World_Service"},{"link_name":"Woman's Hour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour"},{"link_name":"Newsnight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsnight"}],"text":"Emma Townshend (born 28 March 1969) is an English writer and journalist, and the elder daughter of The Who's Pete Townshend. She has previously worked as an academic, a musician and in adult education, but since 2006 has been the Independent on Sunday’s garden columnist. Townshend has written for most of the broadsheet newspapers and has been a guest on radio and TV including the BBC World Service, Woman's Hour, and Newsnight.","title":"Emma Townshend"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pete Townshend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Townshend"},{"link_name":"The Who","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Who"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Woodstock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock"},{"link_name":"Meher Baba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meher_Baba"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Emma Townshend was the first child born to Pete Townshend and his wife Karen (née Karen Astley, 12 June 1947, Grappenhall, Cheshire) in 1969. Three of Townshend's grandparents were professional musicians who had been in armed forces entertainment during the war. Emma's father is the lead guitarist and principal songwriter of the rock band The Who; he has said that when Emma was born, \"the room was filled with angels,\" although he later speculated that this might have been an acid flashback.[1] When she was a baby, her parents took her to the Woodstock festival in a carrycot, and she was brought up following the teachings of the Indian spiritual leader Meher Baba.[2]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"St Paul's Girls' School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Girls%27_School"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"King's College, Cambridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge"},{"link_name":"Imperial College, London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College,_London"},{"link_name":"East West Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_West_Records"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Workers Educational Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_Educational_Association"},{"link_name":"Birkbeck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London"},{"link_name":"Oxford University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University"},{"link_name":"City University, London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_University,_London"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"The Descent of Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Descent_of_Man"},{"link_name":"Kew Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Magazine"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Independent on Sunday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"}],"text":"Townshend attended St Paul's Girls' School.[citation needed] She studied history at King's College, Cambridge then specialised in history of science, receiving a master's degree from Imperial College, London. She then returned to Cambridge for doctoral studies in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science. Before writing up her thesis she left Cambridge to sign to East West Records, part of Warner Music.[citation needed] She began teaching undergraduates in Cambridge and subsequently taught in adult education for over 15 years, including for the Workers Educational Association, Birkbeck and Oxford University's Department of Continuing Education; she was also a Visiting Lecturer at City University, London.[3]As a journalist Townshend has written for The Telegraph, The Guardian, The Observer, The Times and The Independent, about a range of subjects, often environmental, ranging from the English landscape and long-distance walking to conceptual art.[4][5] She has also written about sport,[6][7] profiled public figures such as scientist Richard Dawkins,[8] and often reviews for the Independent’s books pages.[9] She has written in support of using public funds to preserve significant archive material in the history of British pop music.[10]Townshend is the author of Darwin's Dogs: How Darwin's Pets Helped Form a World-Changing Theory of Evolution (2009) which was generally well-received,[11][12][13] and she made several appearances to promote the title.[14][15]\nThe book looks at how Darwin used his much-loved dogs as evidence of his continuing argument that all animals including human beings descended from one common ancestor, examining parts of Darwin's own writings in The Descent of Man.In Darwin's bicentenary year, 2009, Townshend wrote on Darwin’s connections with the Royal Botanic Garden for Kew Magazine, gave talks at the British Museum,[16] and led guided tours of Kew. She continues to have links with the Royal Botanic Gardens: in December 2013 a tour of Kew plus afternoon tea with Townshend was auctioned for charity, by her employers the Independent on Sunday newspaper, selling eventually for £720.[17][better source needed]","title":"Writing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A Bao A Qu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Bao_A_Qu_(album)"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"White City: A Novel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_City:_A_Novel"},{"link_name":"Deep End","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_End_(band)"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mabbett-2-19"},{"link_name":"Warner Music Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Music_Group"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magical_Legend_of_the_Leprechauns"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"In 1982 Townshend and her sister Minta made their professional music debut singing back-up on A Bao A Qu, a four-track EP by their aunt, singer-songwriter Virginia Astley, named after a Jorge Luis Borges story.[18] Emma sang back-up on Pete Townshend's White City: A Novel album released in 1985, and appeared in the film of the same title, named after an area of West London. She was also guest vocalist at two November 1985 London concerts by her father's Deep End supergroup.[19]Townshend's record deal with EastWest Records, part of the Warner Music Group, extended from 1995-1998, and she released the album Winterland in 1998, named after the celebrated sixties San Francisco music venue.[20] The album received good reviews.[21][citation needed] She provided vocals for \"We Can Fly Away\", written by Sandy McLelland and Paul Lowin, which was the theme song in the 1999 made-for-TV movie The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns.[22] This song has become her most popular, despite its lack of common ground with material issued under her own name.[citation needed]","title":"Music career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A Bao A Qu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Bao_A_Qu"},{"link_name":"From Gardens Where We Feel Secure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_Gardens_Where_We_Feel_Secure"},{"link_name":"White City: A Novel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_City:_A_Novel"},{"link_name":"ATCO Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATCO_Records"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Releases:Five-A-Side-Football Remixes (Maxi) (2 versions), EastWest, 1998\nFive-A-Side-Football Remixes (CD, Maxi), EastWest, 1998\nFive-A-Side-Football (12\", Promo), EastWest, 1998\nThe Last Time I Saw Sadie (12\", Promo), EastWest, 1998\nThe Last Time I Saw Sadie (CD, Maxi), EastWest, 1998\nWinterland (CD, Album), EastWest, 1998Appeared On:A Bao A Qu (Single), \"We Will Meet Them Again,\" Why Fi Records, 1982\nFrom Gardens Where We Feel Secure (Album), \"A Summer Long Since Passed,\" Happy Valley / Rough Trade, 1983\nWhite City: A Novel (Album), ATCO Records, 1985\nWhite City: A Novel (CD, LP), ATCO Records, 1985\nWhite City: A Novel (CD, Album, RM, RE), Hip-O Records, 2006\nPearl + Umbra (CD), \"Canyon: Split Asunder,\" Bella Union, 1999Tracks Appeared On:Platinum (2xCD), Five-a-Side Football, Warner Music UK 1998[23]","title":"Discography"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Townshend, Pete (2012). Who I Am. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0007466030.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins","url_text":"HarperCollins"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007466030","url_text":"978-0007466030"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (17 June 2007). \"Pete Townshend's Daughter Looks Back on Her Extraordinary Childhood\". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100220110902/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/pete-townshends-daughter-looks-back-on-her-extraordinary-childhood-452967.html","url_text":"\"Pete Townshend's Daughter Looks Back on Her Extraordinary Childhood\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent","url_text":"The Independent"},{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/pete-townshends-daughter-looks-back-on-her-extraordinary-childhood-452967.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (17 January 1998). \"Her Generation\". The Times (London). Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100612032532/http://thewho.net/articles/emma.htm","url_text":"\"Her Generation\""},{"url":"http://www.thewho.net/articles/emma.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (18 July 2012). \"Review of 'Walking Home' by Simon Armitage\". The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 3 February 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/walking-home-by-simon-armitage-7922386.html","url_text":"\"Review of 'Walking Home' by Simon Armitage\""}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-02-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140219214803/http://journalisted.com/emma-townshend","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://journalisted.com/emma-townshend","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (25 November 2007). \"Raising the Bar\". The Observer. Retrieved 3 February 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/nov/25/features.sport10","url_text":"\"Raising the Bar\""}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (2 July 2010). \"Tour de Francophile\". Independent Minds Blog. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130121013107/http://emmatownshend.independentminds.livejournal.com/","url_text":"\"Tour de Francophile\""},{"url":"http://emmatownshend.independentminds.livejournal.com/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (4 October 2009). \"Strident? Do They Mean Me?: Richard Dawkins in interview\". The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 3 February 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/richard-dawkins-strident-do-they-mean-me-1796244.html","url_text":"\"Strident? Do They Mean Me?: Richard Dawkins in interview\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent_On_Sunday","url_text":"The Independent on Sunday"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (3 November 2013). \"Review of Penelope Fitzgerald, A Life\". The Independent on Sunday (London). Retrieved 3 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/book-review-penelope-fitzgerald-a-lifeby-hermione-lee-8918193.html","url_text":"\"Review of Penelope Fitzgerald, A Life\""}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (February 2009). \"Save Our Pop Heritage\". The Times (London). Retrieved 3 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.igtc.com/pipermail/thewho/2008-February/018822.html","url_text":"\"Save Our Pop Heritage\""}]},{"reference":"\"Darwin's Dogs: How Darwin's Pets Helped Form a World-Ch…\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6413931-darwin-s-dogs","url_text":"\"Darwin's Dogs: How Darwin's Pets Helped Form a World-Ch…\""}]},{"reference":"Wynne, Clive (29 October 2009). \"Darwin's Puppy Love\". Nature. 461 (7268): 1210–1211. Bibcode:2009Natur.461.1210W. doi:10.1038/4611210a. S2CID 4425864. Retrieved 3 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wynne","url_text":"Wynne, Clive"},{"url":"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7268/full/4611210a.html","url_text":"\"Darwin's Puppy Love\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(journal)","url_text":"Nature"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.461.1210W","url_text":"2009Natur.461.1210W"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2F4611210a","url_text":"10.1038/4611210a"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4425864","url_text":"4425864"}]},{"reference":"Poole, Steven (28 November 2009). \"Non-Fiction Round Up\". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Poole","url_text":"Poole, Steven"},{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/28/steven-poole-nonfiction-book-reviews","url_text":"\"Non-Fiction Round Up\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (18 January 2010). \"Science Weekly Podcast\". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/audio/2010/jan/15/science-weekly-podcast","url_text":"\"Science Weekly Podcast\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"Townshend, Emma (20 January 2011). \"The Book Swap Interview\". Beat Magazine (Online). Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140220095946/http://www.beatmagazine.co.uk/emma-townshend-the-book-swap-interview","url_text":"\"The Book Swap Interview\""},{"url":"http://www.beatmagazine.co.uk/emma-townshend-the-book-swap-interview","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"British Museum - Lunchtime lectures & talks\". www.britishmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2009-12-05.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091205193807/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/museum_in_london/indian_summer/events_programme/lunchtime_lectures__talks.aspx","url_text":"\"British Museum - Lunchtime lectures & talks\""},{"url":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/museum_in_london/indian_summer/events_programme/lunchtime_lectures__talks.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-02-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140219210913/http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Win-a-tour-of-Kew-Gardens-with-gardening-writer-Emma-Townshend-/261353171635","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Win-a-tour-of-Kew-Gardens-with-gardening-writer-Emma-Townshend-/261353171635","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Miles, Barry; Mabbett, Andy (1994). Pink Floyd the visual documentary (Updated ed.). Omnibus. ISBN 0711941092.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0711941092","url_text":"0711941092"}]},{"reference":"\"Winterland - Emma Townshend | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Get_Up | So Get Up | ["1 Lyrics","2 Sorted film appearance (2000)","3 \"So Get Up\" controversies","4 Versions, remixes, uses and sampling","4.1 1992","4.2 1993","4.3 1994","4.4 1995","4.5 1996","4.6 1997","4.7 1998","4.8 1999","4.9 2000","4.10 2001","4.11 2002","4.12 2003","4.13 2004","4.14 2005","4.15 2006","4.16 2007","4.17 2008","4.18 2009","4.19 2010","4.20 2011","4.21 2012","4.22 2013","4.23 2014","4.24 2015","4.25 2016","4.26 2017","4.27 2018","4.28 2019","4.29 2020","4.30 2021","4.31 2023","5 Articles about \"So Get Up\" and its derivatives","6 References","7 External links"] | Electronic dance music poem by Ithaka Darin Pappas
"So Get Up"So Get Up (original demo version cover) 1993Single by Ithaka with mixes by USL, Lexicon Avenue, Cosmic Gate etc.Released1992–presentRecordedIthaka's acapella recorded 13 December 1992, Estúdios 1 Só Céu – Cascais, Portugal. Music made globally by individual producers (1993–present)LengthVarying lengths Label
Sweatlodge Records ,
Nervous Records (US),
Kaos Records ,
Tribal Records ,
Armada Music
London Recordings
Twisted Records , **Publishing administered by North Music Group
Songwriter(s)Ithaka Darin PappasProducer(s)various
"So Get Up", written and vocalized by Ithaka (also known as Ithaka Darin Pappas), is a 1992 spoken-word electronic dance music vocal-poem lyric song more frequently credited to the Portuguese house music production duo Underground Sound of Lisbon, German trance music duo Cosmic Gate, the Spanish group Committee and London-based DJ/producers, Stretch & Vern.
Ithaka Darin Pappas lived and recorded in Lisbon, Portugal, from 1992 to 1998. His poem "So Get Up" (then entitled "So Get Up, the End of the Earth Is Upon Us") was written and first vocalized on December 13 of 1992 for a program called Quarto Bairro on Rádio Comercial in Lisbon. The station's radio presenter, Pedro Costa, recorded Ithaka's voice live on-air. Two months later, in March 1993, a techno-pop demo was made in Manchester, England, with a student engineer-producer. The initial 'publicly released, physically manufactured' musical element backing the poem was created in 1994 by DJ Vibe and Doctor J aka Underground Sound of Lisbon (or USL) who invited Ithaka (at that time using an alias name, Korvowrong) to re-record the poem as a guest vocalist on their first release.
USL's nine-minute progressive house version of "So Get Up" appeared on the B-side of their "Chapter One" 12-inch vinyl release. In Portugal this was distributed by Kaos Records, and worldwide by Tribal UK and U.S. label Twisted Records. It soon became a major Portuguese dance music "national anthem" and influenced a large populace of Portuguese youth to get interested in house music, famous for Ithaka's shouting "The end of the earth is upon us. Pretty soon it'll all turn to dust, So Get Up!, forget the past, go outside and have a blast!""So Get Up" lyric collage.
In 1994, the UK edition of the single, had several remixes by Danny Tenaglia and Junior Vasquez as well as an original mix and two different a cappella variations. This first international edition sold approximately 80,000 copies, with over a million copies of the song sold between 1994 and 1995 via international compilations, reaching the #1 ranking on specialized dance music charts around the world.
Thru the last three decades, So Get Up under varying titles such as; "Get Up", "Insane", "Go Insane", "Get Up! Go Insane!", "Forget the Past", "Next Life", "See You In The Next Life" "The End Of The Earth", "The End Of The Earth Is Upon Us", "Hardventure", "Headcharge", "Hurt", "Belther", "Last Resurrection", "Earthquake", "PPF (Past Present Future)", "Intensity", "My Tripcreator", "Viginti Etduo", "Trance Line", "Zombie", "All Points North", "Speed O.J.", "1000 Miles" etc. has been remixed, sampled and released in a multitude of EDM styles on the records of; Fatboy Slim, Stretch & Vern, Oxia, Peter Bailey, Orion's Voice, JJ Mullor, Dani Sbert, Lexington Avenue, Dylan, Derek Marin, Public Domain, K-Traxx, Technoboy, Bob Ray & Van Dyuk, Ben Gold, Pelari, Meat Katie and many others.
In 1995, a remix of "So Get Up", retitled "Trance Line" by the Madrid production team Committee (Dimas Carbajo and J.J. De La Fuente) rose to #3 in January 1995 on the Billboard Singles Chart for Spain, remaining in the Top Ten for more than a month. Committee's Trance Line versions, which also had several mixes of their own utilized all of Ithaka's original vocal, but none of Underground Sound Of Lisbon's instrumental.
In 2003, Miss Kittin used the entire "So Get Up" poem as part of the intro on her album Radio Caroline Vol.1.
Six remixes were initially made of "So Get Up" in 2014, but because two a capellas were included in the first U.S. and U.K. releases on Tribal Records, rogue musical versions using the vocal have snowballed out of control. Hundreds of House, Hardstyle, Progressive House, Speedcore, Trance, Techno, Tech House, Industrial, Rock, Dubstep and Gabber producers have simply placed the So Get Up vocal on their own instrumentals and called them their own (sometimes with subtle title changes, but often just as "So Get Up"). To date, there are now several hundred released remixes using Ithaka Darin Pappas' original vocal recording. As of late 2016, So Get Up now holds the distinction of being the most remixed vocal a cappella in musical history (Guinness World Record Holder 2016).
"So Get Up" by its individual producers and DJs has been played or performed at large-scale dance parties around the global such as the Electric Daisy Carnival in New York and Orlando (2016) as interpreted by Cosmic Gate. In early 2017, Armin Van Buuren opened a vinyl set at his own A State of Trance festival in Utrecht, Netherlands by playing the "So Get Up" a capella from 1994.
Lyrics
"So Get Up" lyricist Ithaka Darin Pappas in 1992
The end of the earth is upon us. Pretty soon it'll all turn to dust.
So get up. Forget the past. Go outside and have a blast.
Go a thousand miles in a jet airplane. Go out of your mind go insane.
To a place you never been before. Eat ice cream or you'll lick the floor.
'Cause, the end of the earth is upon us. Pretty soon it'll all turn to dust.
Goodbye my friends. Goodbye world. I'll see you in the next life.
Sorted film appearance (2000)
In the year 2000, a trance remix of Ithaka's "So Get Up" (entitled "See You In The Next Life") by Italian DJs, Atlantis, appeared during the closing titles sequence of the British feature film Sorted, directed by Alexander Jovy and starring Matthew Rhys, Sienna Guillory, Ben Moor and Tim Curry.
The soundtrack also includes songs by; Leftfield, Morcheeba, Public Enemy, Elvis Presley, Matt Darey, Southsugar, The Turtles, Mauro Picotto, Paul Johnson, Aphrodite, Agnelli & Nelson, Funky G, Gibson Brothers, St. Etienne, Kadda Cherif Hadria, Disposable Disco Dubs, Six Degrees, Da Hool, Highgate, Art Of Trance, Scott 4, Depeche Mode, Twisted Pair, Lost Tribe, and CRW.
"So Get Up" controversies
In December 1992, Ithaka had originally written and recited the poem called "So Get Up" (The End Of The Earth Is Upon Us) for his weekly segment of a program called Quarto Bairro on Rádio Comercial in Lisbon, Portugal. The next year he rerecorded it as a guest performer to be the primary vocal of a B-side single for the Portuguese dance music group called Underground Sound Of Lisbon. The song became an instant national hit and was soon released internationally as a ten-mix, double-vinyl set on New York's Tribal Records (a subsidiary of I.R.S. Records/E.M.I. Records). The song climbed to 1st place on the Billboard's Independent Dance Music Charts for the U.K.—and number 52nd in the United States.
Since 1995, the song has been remixed over a thousand times including versions by such performers as Fat Boy Slim, Junior Vasquez, Danny Tenaglia, and Cosmic Gate, and has appeared on over one hundred compilations with combined sales in the millions. As the original music has been stripped away by each succeeding producer, the only singularly unifying element of all 1,000+ mixes of "So Get Up" is Ithaka's poem and his vocals. The song, which was considered the first modern "Portuguese" musical export, was released without a featuring Ithaka credit, even though Ithaka (a Californian who was only temporarily residing in Lisbon) is the primary publishing rights owner of the track and never a member of the Underground Sound Of Lisbon project. Reportedly no record royalties were ever paid to Ithaka Darin Pappas.
In 1999, Samsung in Korea featured a version of "So Get Up" (remixed by U.K. Breakbeat duo, Stretch N Vern) for a national My Jet printer ad series featuring actress Jun Ji-Hyun. According to almost all online biographical sources, the commercial transformed Ji-Hyun into a teen idol in Korea and today Jun Ji-Hyun is one of the most prominent celebrities in the entire country. The commercial, which was made by Cheil Communications, did not get authorization from either Ithaka or Stretch N Vern for the usage.
In 2013, German Trance superstars Cosmic Gate also excluded Ithaka's vocal-lyrical credit even though they licensed the entire "So Get Up" a capella. Without a doubt, Cosmic Gate's version of has become the biggest commercial success of So Get Up to date. In October 2013, it charted at number 1 on Beatport's trance music charts after being featured on Armin Van Buuren's compilation A State of Trance 2013, on Hardwell On Air Episode 133 and on Cosmic Gate's album Start to Feel (2014), with additional mixes by Pelari, Alex di Stefano and Ben Gold. It has been a festival favorite for the group since its release, being performed at Amsterdam Dance Event, Electric Daisy Carnival, Ultra Music Festival and on Cosmic Gate's own world tour.
Versions, remixes, uses and sampling
Documented uses of vocal and poem, So Get Up in modern music appearing under varying titles. Poem was originally recorded for Radio Cómercial in Lisbon, Portugal in 1992. However, most musical versions have stemmed from illegal uses or sampling of the a cappella version that was recorded for Underground Sound Of Lisbon in Portugal, 1994. Note: This incomplete list includes both legal and unauthorized uses.
1992
Ithaka – Rádio Commercial Lisbon "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Acapella recorded Dec 13th 1992 with engineer Pedro Costa.
1993
Ithaka – "So Get Up 1993" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Electro 'demo' version recorded in Manchester, England – February 1993
Underground Sound Of Lisbon – "So Get Up" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records
1994
Ithaka – "So Get Up" – Acapella – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Engineer: Sinewave – TRIBAL America/I.R.S.
Junior Vasquez – "So Get Up – Junior's Factory Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.
Junior Vasquez – "So Get Up" – Factory Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.
Danny Tenaglia – "So Get Up – Danny's "In The Light We Sleep" Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.
Danny Tenaglia – "So Get Up – Get-Upella Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.
Danny Tenaglia – "So Get Up – It's 4 P.M. Danny, Get Up! Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)TRIBAL America/I.R.S.
Orion's Voice – "The Next Life": Original Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Sarasite – "The End Of The Earth"- Jatzzup Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Melody Maker Records, Italy
Sarasite – "The End Of The Earth" – Patrick P.D.jJ. Tribal Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Melody Maker Records, Italy
Sarasite – "The End Of The Earth": M.C. Hair New Wave Vibrations mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)Melody Maker Records, Italy
1995
Committee – "Trance Line" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Lost Paradise Records
Public Domain – "So Get Up" : Jeremy mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BZRK Records, Netherlands
Public Domain – "So Get Up" : Dr. Phil's mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BZRK Records, Netherlands
Public Domain – "So Get Up" : original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BZRK Records, Netherlands
1996
K.S. – "Fellini's Circus" - Active Bass Music
Tecmania Rebel (aka Patrick van der Hart) – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) The Violet E.P. – Planet Dance Records
1997
Next Generation - The Earthquake - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Ipnotika Records (Italy)
Joystick (aka Jason "Jinx" Zambito) – "Go Insane" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Yoshitoshi Recordings/Deep Dish Records
Stretch & Vern – "Get Up, Go Insane !" – The Terrace Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records
Stretch & Vern – "Get Up, Go Insane !" – Fatboy Really Lost It – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records
Stretch & Vern – "Get Up, Go Insane !" – Disco Dub by Fatboy Slim – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Avex Trax
Stretch & Vern – "Get Up, Go Insane !" – Moonmens Theme – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records
Stretch & Vern – "Get Up, Go Insane !" – Rock 'N' Roll Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records
Stretch & Vern – "Get Up, Go Insane !" – Disco Dub Katz Mix by Fatboy Slim – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) FFRR Records
Stretch & Vern – "Get Up, Go Insane !" – Bonus Acid Beat by FatBoy Slim – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Grandslam Records / Strictly Rhythm
1998
Joystick (aka Jason "Jinx" Zambito) – "Go Insane" – Go Insane Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Yoshitoshi Recordings/Deep Dish Records
Joystick (aka Jason "Jinx" Zambito) – "Go Insane" – Psychic Girls' Groove (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Yoshitoshi Recordings/Deep Dish Records
Pathfinder – "So Get Up '98" – Odysee Of Life Remix(lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Refreshed
Pathfinder – "So Get Up '98" – Apocalyptic Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Refreshed
1999
Marcel – Viginti Etduo – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mole Listening Pearls
Samsung My Jet Mix – Get Up! Go Insane! (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Commercial starring Jun Ji-Hyun
2000
Fatboy Slim aka Norman Cook – Fatboy Slim's Greatest Remixes – "Get Up, Go Insane!" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) (lyrics, vocals) Priarity Records
Atlantis ITA – See You In The Next Life : original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Overodose Records, Germany
Atlantis ITA – See You In The Next Life : DJ Scot Project remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Overodose Records
2001
Ce Ce Lee – "Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) 24 Records Italy
PCP – "Zombie" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) PTP Records , Bit Music , Hardcore Maniacs
2002
Miss Kittin – "So Get Up" Intro Acapella – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Groove Records
K-Traxx – "Hardventure" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Titanic Records,
High Voltage – "Go Insane" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Sys-X Records
Dylan – "Headcharge" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka <> produced by Dylan Hilsley) Earth EP – Renegade Hardware Records
2003
Orion's Voice – "The Next Life": original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Re-Fuel Records, Netherlands
Orion's Voice – "The Next Life": Origin Unknown remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Re-Fuel Records, Netherlands
2004
Yoshi & Chia - "Turn To Dust" (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) X-Ite Records (UK)
Mert Yücel – "So Get Up" – DeepXperience Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records
Eric Kupper – "So Get Up" – Tribalectro Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records
King-Size – "So Get Up" – King-Size Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records
Dan Robbins – "So Get Up" – Three Dimension Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records
Low End Specialists – "So Get Up" – Low End Specialists Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records
Committee – "Trance Line" – TCR Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Trance Corporation Recordings
2005
Architect – "Speed O.J." – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Hymen Records
Meat Katie featuring Ithaka– "Phat Prick" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Fabric Records
2006
Phobia – "All Points North" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) All Points North EP – Renegade Hardware Records
Magik Johnson - "In The Next Life" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) NRK Music
2007
DJ Evol - "Next Life (lyrics & vocals by: ithaka) Combat Records
Lexicon Avenue– "So Get Up" – Damaged People Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Forensic Records
Dave Seaman – "So Get Up" – Mirabeau Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Forensic Records
Ray & Suly - "Oclusion" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Echo90 Records (Spain)
2008
Mowree – "So Get Up" – Next Life Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records
Sharp & Smooth (Alex Bass and David Mimram) – "So Get Up" – Sharp & Smooth Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records
Phunk Investigation – "So Get Up" – O' Tech Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records
Phunk Investigation – "So Get Up" – Turbolento Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records
Phunk Investigation – "So Get Up" – Shuffling Phunk Investigation Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records
DJ Zorneus – "Insane" – DJ Zorneus Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records
Lochness DJ Team – "Insane" – Lochness DJ Team Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records
Maziano – "Insane" – Maziano Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records
Dantime – "Insane" – Dantime Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records
Seikos – "Insane" – Seikos ICE507 Old Vinyl Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records
2009
Dan Edge - "Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Ravers Addition 3
X-Cyte - "The Next Life" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Ravers Addition 3
2 DJs In A Room – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Hardstyle Connection / Mega Prod Records
Steve Hill & Technikal – "Forget The Past" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: World Series Amsterdam / Masif Records
Andrea Doria & Dino Lenny – "So Get Up" Cover Version – Andre Doria Mix – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Afterglow Records
Andrea Doria & Dino Lenny – "So Get Up" Cover Version – Dino Lenny Mix – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Afterglow Records
Andrea Doria & Dino Lenny – "So Get Up" Cover Version – Original Rework – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Afterglow Records
2010
Morbus M. "Forget The Past" (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Forget The Past
Philippe Rochard – "PPF (Past Present Future)" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Angels and Demons / Sector Beatz
Peace Maker – "Turn To Dust" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Intensity / Nutek Records
Peace Maker "Turn To Dust" – Field Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: California Dreaming / United Beats Records
2011
Bart Skils – "Dust" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Tronic
Mike Steventon & Tone – "Get Up" (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) 011, K405 Records
Plusculaar – "Have A Blast" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Rare Species / Electronic Zoo Music
Outworld -"Alien Life Forms, Goodbye My Friends" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Outworld /Blue Byte
DJ Pibert – "Jet Airplane" – DJ Activator Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: DJ style 2) / Hardnetmusic-Edinet Publishing
Horizon "Turn To Dust" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Ancient Future) Phantasm Records
2012
Black Force – "Next Life" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Part Three EP / Activa Records
Bageera – "Go Insane!" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Atypical Records
JJ Mullor, Dani Sebert – "So Get Up" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Supermarket Records
Marco Calanni – "Forget The Past" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Konstrukt Records
Peace Maker – "Turn To Dust" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Best Of 2011 / United Beats Records
Hakan Sarugil – "So Get Up" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: High Tech Soul #3 / Bliss Point Records
Cassien Jean – "Goodbye My Friends" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Various Artists / Spur Records
Jay Dahbi – "Go Insane" – Extended Mix – (lyrics & vocals: Ithaka) Album: The Weekend / Soltrenz Records
Danny Garlick – "So Get Up" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) White Mind Records , Bedroom Music
Danny Garlick – "So Get Up" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Digital+ Records
Derek Marin – "The End Of The Earth" (lyrics & vocals: Ithaka) Albums: Culture Response / Streetlight Records, Plastic City
Derek Marin – "The End Of The Earth" – full vocal mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Satellite Subspace / Streetlight Records
Derek Marin – "The End Of The Earth" – Dub – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Plastic City Records
2013
Armin Van Buuren – "So Get Up" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: A State Of Trance 2013 – Armada Records
Hardwell – "So Get Up" – Hardwell On Air Episode 133 Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka)
Cosmic Gate – "So Get Up" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) – Wake Your Mind Records
Cosmic Gate – "So Get Up" – Extended Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records
Cosmic Gate "So Get Up" – HeatBeat Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records
Cosmic Gate "So Get Up" – Pelari Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records
Cosmic Gate "So Get Up" – Ben Gold Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records
Cosmic Gate "So Get Up" – Radio Edit – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Vonyc Sessions / Vandit Records
HeatBeat (Agustin Servente & Matias Chavez) – "So Get Up" – HeatBeat Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: ithaka) – Wake Your Mind Records
Carlos HP – "Get Up" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) YPQN Records
Rich Gior "Goodbye World" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Miami Vibes Productions / Dark Vibe Productions
Audio Noir "Lick The Floor" – Original Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Bonzai Progressive
Damien Blaze – "Out Of Your Mind" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Electrified Recordings
Koozah – "Next Life" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone Records
Koozah – "Next Life" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution
Koozah "Next Life" – Edit – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution
Morgana DJ – "The Next Life" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Emmestudio Records
Marcel "Viginti Etduo"- (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Viginti Etduo / Mole Listening Pearls
Bob Ray, Van Dyuk "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Elektrobeats Records
Furio Levant – "So Get Up" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Doctors of Chaos Records
Furio Levant – "So Get Up!" – Original Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) – Doctors Of Chaos Records
Slow Panpot – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Basewate / Sibilant Records
Koozah – "Next Life" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution
Koozah "Next Life" – Edit – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution
2014
Ben Gold – "So Get Up" – Ben Gold Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Armada Records
Pelari – "So Get Up" – Pelari Radio Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Armada Records
Igor Carmo – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Nervous Records
JJ Mullor, Dani Sbert – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Supermarket Records
Atmozfears – "The Next Life" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Memory Stick Records
Loose Effects – "Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Under Noize Records
Swing Kings – "The End Of The Earth" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Orange Groove Records
Ninja, Cab Thomas – "The Next Life" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Thundercut Records
Peace Maker – "Turn To Dust" – Field Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) United Beats Records –
Audio Noir – "Floorlicker" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Albums: Club Traxx 2014, WMC Miami 2014 / Bonzai Progressive
Let's Try – "Goodbye World" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Keep It Pure Music
Mr. Argenis – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) LCA Records
Trolley Snatcha – "The End Of The Earth" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Archetype / Firepower Records
Gu'Brian – "Go Insane" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Complex Drop Records
Maik Ibane – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Vendetta Records
Maik Ibane – "So Get Up" – Extended Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Vendetta Records –
Micromakine – "Last Resurrection" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Union Recordings
Micromakine – "Last Resurrection" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Union Recordings
Micromakine – "Last Resurrection" – Cooh Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Union Recordings
Acti, Antolini – "Belther" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Albums: Defqon.1 2014, Q-Base / Q-Dance
Acti, Antolini – "Belther" – Orbital Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Subground Records
Acti, Antolini – "Belther" – Extended Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Subground Records
TNT (aka Technoboy), Tuneboy & Zatox – "Intensity" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Certified One / HARDwithSTYLE Records
TNT, Zatox – "Intensity" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Q-Dance Records
TNT, Zatox – "Intensity" – Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) HardwithStyle Records
TNT, Zatox – "Intensity" – Radio Cut – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Titanic Records
TNT, Zatox – "Intensity" – Extended Version – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Titanic Records
DJ Kryst-Off – "Go Insane featuring Breaker" – Reloaded Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – Bresker Old School Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: DJ Case / Mental Madness Records
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – Old School Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Albums: DJ Case, Go Insane / Mental Madness –
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – Old School Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Go Insane / Mental Madness –
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – Handzup Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: DJ Case / Mental Madness Records
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – HandzUp Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Go Insane / Mental Madness
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – Live Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: EDM Madness / Mental Madness
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – Reloaded Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: EDM Madness / Mental Madness
DJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – "Go Insane" – Reloaded Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Go Insane / Mental Madness
2015
DJ Lugo - "Get Up" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Cirka Music
Razat – "Get Up" – Mash-Up Masterblast Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Moscow Mule Records
Razat – "Get Up" – Hash-In-The Bowl Dubstep Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Moscow Mule Records
Alex Page – "So Get Up, Atom Bride" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Lee Burridge – "So Get Up" – Burning Man Essential Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BBC One Radio
FuturePlays (Mexico) – "So Get Uo" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Boshporus Underground Recordings
Samir Kuliev – "So Get Up" – Samir Kuilev Re-Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Chuvstvo Ritma Records
Pagano – "So Get Up" – Pagano 2015 Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Tribal Records
Pagano – "So Get Up" – Pagano 2015 Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Tribal Records
Cosmic Gate – "So Get Up"- (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Start To Feel, Deluxe album version / Armada Music Bundles
Paradigm X – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album UK Trendz #3 / U.K. Trendz
Fuelo Ruedo – "It's Upon Us" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Cats Love Bass Records
Fuelo Ruedo – "I'll See You" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Cats Love Bass Records
Cubik, Checo Zak – "Forget The Past" (Original Mix) 2015, Dilematic Records Czech Republic
Cubik, Checo Zak – "Forget The Past" Javas Remix Dilematic Records
Cubik, Checo Zak – "Forget The Past" – JM Blex Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Dilematic Records
Maik Ibane – "So Get Up" – Radio Edit Blanco Y Negro Musica
Doppeldosen – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Raizo Music
Joseph LP – "So Get Up"- (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) People Tech Records
Marcel – "Viginti Etduo" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Christam Escapades/Parasol Phonoteque
Marcel – "Viginti Etduo" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Amsterdam Bar Longue / Parasol Phonoteque
Acti, Antolini – "Belther" – Orbital Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Drizzly Music
Derek Marin – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Plastic City Revised / Plastic City
Dejay D, Ozy & Ash – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Cheeky Bounce Stompers / Cheeky Tracks Records
Manu Kenton – "Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kentek Recordings
2016
Ring - "Good Bye World" – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Bullfinch Records
Fabio Monesi - "Acid Storm" – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Russian Torrents Versions/L.I.E.S. Records
Club Atlas (Branko/Buraka Som Sistema) – "So Get Up" – Red Bull Culture Clash Mix – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Live Coliseu dos Recreios
Alex Di Stefano – "So Get Up" – Mix Cut Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Hole Recordings
Geometric Dark – "So Get Up" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Party Label Unique Records
FuturePlays (Mexico) – "So Get Up" – Vocal Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Habitat Records
DJ Dũng Tí – "So Get Up" – DJ Dũng Tí – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Cosmic Gate – "So Get Up" – Alex Di Stefano Extended Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind/Armada
Cosmic Gate – "So Get Up" – Alex Di Stefano Extended Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Hole Recordings – Netherlands
Meat Katie – "Next Life" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Back In The Day – Lowering The Tone Records
Marc Hartman – "A Place You've Never Been Before" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Changes – Lemon Grass Music
TNT, Zatox – "Intensity" – Extended Version – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Starlight Records
Pepo, Pacho – "Next Life" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Be One Limited Records
Geometric Dark – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)Party Label Unique Records
Nell Silva – "So Get Up" – 22 Years Of So Get Up – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Desire Records
Nell Silva – "So Get Up" – Vortex Version – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Desire Records
Nell Silva – "So Get Up" – Original Version remastered – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Desire Records
Nell Silva – "So Get Up" – Vortex Version remastered 2016, Desire Records
Acti, Antolini – "Belther" – Orbital Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)Berlin Sensation
DANTEE, Alternative Journey – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Brazil Generation #3
Swing Kings – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Disco LP 2 – Orange Groove Records
ZRG – "Forget The Past" – Chris Drifter Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Club Runner – GR8 AL Music
ZRG – "Forget The Past" – Chris Drifter Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: House Running – GR8 AL Music
Dr. Funk – "Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Phunked Up – Foolish Records
Dani Villa, Rodri Vegas – "Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Dropper Get Up E.P. – Patent Skills Records Bulgaria
2017
Ithaka – "So Get Up 2017" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Album: So Get Up & The Lost Acapellas (Sweatlodge Records)
Armin Van Buuren – "So Get Up" – Armin's Acapella Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Performed Live Feb. 18th – ASOT Festival
Rui Flip – "All Turn To Dust" – (music and vocals: Rui Flip <> lyrics: Ithaka) Dogmain Records
2017 Violet, BLEID, Caroline Lethô, EDND, Yen Sung (feat. Belita, Maria Amor, Sonja) – "So Get Up – IWD Cover Version" – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Equality Now Records
Township Rebellion – "Next Life" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Stil Vor Talent
Frankyeffe vs. Ithaka – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Phobiq Records (Italy)
Hu Bee featuring Ithaka – "New World" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) TED Records
Jay Dahbi – "Go Insane" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Weekend – Soltrenz Records
Jay Dahbi – "Go Insane" – Extended Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Weekend – Soltrenz Records
Chaka & Marty – "Goodbye World" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) (album: Visions Of Tech House) RH2
MotivBreaks – "Forget The Past" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Fantomas Records
MotivBreaks – "Forget The Past" – Perfect Kombo Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Fantomas Records
Liquid Viking – "The End Of The Earth" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Uxmal Records, Mexico
Omar Lopez – "Have A Blast" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Darkside Digital Records
Neanderthal Phonogram – "Forget The Past" – Dj Kryst-Off & Betrand Mix -(lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Records
Neanderthal Phonogram – "Forget The Past" – Dj Kryst-Off & Betrand Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Aqualoop
Neanderthal Phonogram – "Forget The Past" – Pulsedriver Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Aqualoop
Matheu – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Vecto Records
Pirro – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Run Records
Rab-Beat – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Sector Beatz Records
U.S.L. – "So Get Up" – Original & King Size Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Totally Kaos Mix Kaos
Underground Sound Of Lisbon – "So Get Up" – Danny's Get Upella – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Total Kaos – Kaos
Joseph LP – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Sound Of Brothers / People Tech Records
Public Domain – "So Get Up" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Derailed Traxx/Be Yourself Music
2018
Dual Shock - "Get Up" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Midijum Records
Sebastien Pedro - "Hurt" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Berlin After Dark Records
Nathan D "The End Of The Earth Is Upon Us" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Orion (Br) & DropGrade - "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Purple Haze Records.
DJ Healer (aka Traumprinz) featuring Ithaka – "End Of The World" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Planet Lonely/Label: Planet Uterus
Dostech - "Get Up" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
VV303 - "So Get Up (2018 Bunker Remix)" - lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka
Mitekss - "So Get Up" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Mitekss - "So Get Up (Marcos Salas Remix)" - lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka
Sebastien Pedro - "Hurt" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Berlin After Dark
Crypton - "The Next Life" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Q-Dance
Crypton - "The Next Life (Extended Mix)" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Q-Dance
DJ Delivery - "It Will All Turn To Dust" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Box
David Tech - "Next Life" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) DZB
KTK - "End Of The Earth" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaleidoscope
Synctrex - "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
DJ Jonibigodes - "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
2019
Crank der Dirigent - "Good Bye World" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Flair Berlin Records
DJ Swat - "Good Bye World" - original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
DJ Swat - "Good Bye World" - full minimal remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Joy Marquez - "Next Life" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Records
Sai & I - "End Of Earth"
Rejectiorz - "So Get Up"
DJ Snat featuring Ithaka – "The End Is Nigh" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Corecube - Russia
HugoP - "So Get Up (Remake)" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
John Neiland featuring Ithaka – "The End Is Nigh" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Br1an featuring Ithaka "Upon Us" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) 1A Recordings
Stretch N Vern - "Get Up! Go Insane!" - The Terrace Edit (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings
Stretch N Vern - "Get Up! Go Insane!" KDA Let Me Be Remix 2019 (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings
Stretch N Vern - "Get Up! Go Insane!" Plump DJs Remix 2019 (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings
Stretch N Vern - "Get Up! Go Insane!" K & K Remix 2019 (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings
Stretch N Vern - "Get Up! Go Insane!" Fatboy Disco Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings
Stretch N Vern - "Get Up! Go Insane!" Fatboy's Really Lost It (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings
2020
Outsiders - "1000 Miles" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Sacred Technology
Hidden Secret - "Get Outa Here" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TSD REcords
El Jack - "Next Life" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Muscaria Project
Rick Silva - "Get Up!!" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) House Of Rhythm Records
Alvaro Miranda & Spencer - "Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Joe Waudby - "Next Life" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)
Insanatix - "Go Insane" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Gearbox Digital Records
Forgiven X Derex - "The End Of The Earth" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) FL Studio 20 Records
Pomella - "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Ithica Records/France, Belgium
Second Nature - "So Get Up" (sunrise mix) - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Portugal
Alien Project - "Get Up" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) H2O Music
Dade (ITA) "Get Up" Original Mix - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Shaman/Pressology(Italy)
Dade (ITA) "Get Up" Parente Remix - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Shaman/Pressology (Italy)
Dade (ITA) "Get Up" Parenti/Gioveri Remix - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Shaman/Pressology (Italy)
Niko - "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Niko Music Records (Brazil)
DJ Pandemora "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka
Paolo Barbato & Lineka - "See You In The Next Life" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Graba Music Group
2021
Sovax - "Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Dusty Nose
Arturo Diaz - "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Coronita
Sgarra - "So Get Up" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Woolly Woolly
Darkinox - "Next Life" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Noisj.nl Records
2023
DJ AniMe w/ Broken Minds "Go Insane" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Dogfight
Ciro Leone "Goodbye My Friend" ft. ithaka (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka)
Articles about "So Get Up" and its derivatives
2013 Magnetic Magazine Regarding version by Cosmic Gate: written by Hannah DeuPree
2013 Daily Beat Regarding version by Cosmic Gate: written by Hugh Lurcott
2013 UP Magazine Regarding the origins of So Get Up's a cappella: written by Maria Ana Ventura
2013 Redbull "It Happened Here" Regarding the origins of So Get Up in Portugal
2014 DJ Mag Regarding versions by Cosmic Gate: written by Ruben De Ronde
2015 Earmilk Regarding Armin Van Buuren/Cosmic Gate collaboration, mentioning So Get Up: written by Steph Evans
2015 Flash DC Regarding the origins of So Get Up
2017 Rimas e Batidas Mentions Ithaka's "So Get Up" vocal as most sampled acapella in the world: written by Hugo Jorge
2018 Redbull "Essential Portuguese Club Tracks" by Sammy Lee
2019 Red Bull Music Academy
References
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^ "Go Insane (Original Mix) by Insanatix on Beatport". www.beatport.com. Retrieved Oct 24, 2020.
^ " Forgiven x Derex - The End of Earth (Official Music)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved Oct 24, 2020.
^ "So Get Up EP from Ithica Records on Beatport". Beatport.com. Retrieved Oct 24, 2020.
^ "Second Nature - So Get Up (sunrise mix)". YouTube. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
^ "So Get Up featuring Ithaka (Sunrise Mix)". Soundcloud.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
^ "Get Up (Original Mix) by Alien Project on Beatport". Beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
^ "Get Up (Original Mix) by Dade (ITA) on Beatport". Beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
^
"Get Up (Stefano Parenti, Giovieri Remix) by Dade (ITA) on Beatport". Beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
^ "Get Up (Francesco Parente Remix) by *Dade (ITA) on Beatport". Beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
^ "- YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^ "SoundCloud - Hear the world's sounds". SoundCloud. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^ "So get up-Dj Pandemora feat. Ithaka". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^ "See You in the Next Life". Amazon.com.
^ "Get Up (Original Mix) by Sovax on Beatport". Beatport.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^ "So Get up (Original Mix) by SGARRA on Beatport". Beatport.
^ "Darkinox – Next Life (2020, File)". Discogs.
^ "Go Insane AniMe & Broken Minds ft. Ithaka". www.lyrics.com.
^ "Goodbye My Friend Ciro Leone ft. Ithaka". www.lyrics.com.
^ "EDM News: "So Get Up" New Electronic Music From Cosmic Gate - File Under 'Trance'". magneticmag.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ "Cosmic Gate – So Get Up". daily-beat.com. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ "Up Magazine – TAP Portugal » Ithaka". upmagazine-tap.com. Retrieved Oct 24, 2020.
^ "It Happened Here... Portuguese dance goes global". redbull.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ "Cosmic Gate - So Get Up - DJ Mag NL - Living & Breathing Dance Music". djmag.nl. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ "Armin van Buuren continues down the road to next album with "Embargo" collaboration with Cosmic Gate - EARMILK". Earmilk. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ "DJ Vibe, Sergio Santos at Flash on Friday, May 15, 2015". www.flashdc.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ "Os álbuns mais caros do hip hop português - Rimas e Batidas". rimasebatidas.pt. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ "DJ Vibe interviewed by Lauren Martin". redbullmusicacademy.com. 22 September 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
External links
So Get Up official Facebook Page
So Get Up – Genius lyrics
Ithaka Beatport | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ithaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaka_(artist)"},{"link_name":"electronic dance music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_dance_music"},{"link_name":"house music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_music"},{"link_name":"Underground Sound of Lisbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_Sound_of_Lisbon"},{"link_name":"trance music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_music"},{"link_name":"Cosmic Gate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Gate"},{"link_name":"Stretch & Vern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_%26_Vern"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Rádio Comercial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Comercial"},{"link_name":"DJ Vibe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Vibe"},{"link_name":"Doctor J","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_da_Silva_(DJ)"},{"link_name":"progressive house","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_house"},{"link_name":"Twisted Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_Records_(U.S.)"},{"link_name":"house music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_music"},{"link_name":"end of the earth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-redbull.com-11"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:So_Get_Up_lyric_collage_by_Ithaka_Darin_Pappas.jpg"},{"link_name":"UK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Danny Tenaglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Tenaglia"},{"link_name":"Junior Vasquez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Vasquez"},{"link_name":"a cappella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_cappella"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceG-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Fatboy Slim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatboy_Slim"},{"link_name":"Stretch & Vern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_%26_Vern"},{"link_name":"Meat Katie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_Katie"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Miss Kittin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Kittin"},{"link_name":"Radio Caroline Vol.1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Caroline_Vol.1"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Electric Daisy Carnival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Daisy_Carnival"},{"link_name":"A State of Trance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_State_of_Trance"},{"link_name":"Utrecht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-global-sets.com-21"}],"text":"\"So Get Up\", written and vocalized by Ithaka (also known as Ithaka Darin Pappas), is a 1992 spoken-word electronic dance music vocal-poem lyric song more frequently credited to the Portuguese house music production duo Underground Sound of Lisbon, German trance music duo Cosmic Gate, the Spanish group Committee and London-based DJ/producers, Stretch & Vern.[10]Ithaka Darin Pappas lived and recorded in Lisbon, Portugal, from 1992 to 1998. His poem \"So Get Up\" (then entitled \"So Get Up, the End of the Earth Is Upon Us\") was written and first vocalized on December 13 of 1992 for a program called Quarto Bairro on Rádio Comercial in Lisbon. The station's radio presenter, Pedro Costa, recorded Ithaka's voice live on-air. Two months later, in March 1993, a techno-pop demo was made in Manchester, England, with a student engineer-producer. The initial 'publicly released, physically manufactured' musical element backing the poem was created in 1994 by DJ Vibe and Doctor J aka Underground Sound of Lisbon (or USL) who invited Ithaka (at that time using an alias name, Korvowrong) to re-record the poem as a guest vocalist on their first release.USL's nine-minute progressive house version of \"So Get Up\" appeared on the B-side of their \"Chapter One\" 12-inch vinyl release. In Portugal this was distributed by Kaos Records, and worldwide by Tribal UK and U.S. label Twisted Records. It soon became a major Portuguese dance music \"national anthem\" and influenced a large populace of Portuguese youth to get interested in house music, famous for Ithaka's shouting \"The end of the earth is upon us. Pretty soon it'll all turn to dust, So Get Up!, forget the past, go outside and have a blast!\"[11]\"So Get Up\" lyric collage.In 1994, the UK edition of the single, had several remixes by Danny Tenaglia and Junior Vasquez as well as an original mix and two different a cappella variations. This first international edition sold approximately 80,000 copies, with over a million copies of the song sold between 1994 and 1995 via international compilations, reaching the #1 ranking on specialized dance music charts around the world.[12]Thru the last three decades, So Get Up under varying titles such as; \"Get Up\", \"Insane\", \"Go Insane\", \"Get Up! Go Insane!\", \"Forget the Past\", \"Next Life\", \"See You In The Next Life\" \"The End Of The Earth\", \"The End Of The Earth Is Upon Us\", \"Hardventure\", \"Headcharge\", \"Hurt\",[13] \"Belther\", \"Last Resurrection\", \"Earthquake\", \"PPF (Past Present Future)\", \"Intensity\", \"My Tripcreator\", \"Viginti Etduo\", \"Trance Line\", \"Zombie\", \"All Points North\", \"Speed O.J.\", \"1000 Miles\"[14] etc. has been remixed, sampled and released in a multitude of EDM styles on the records of; Fatboy Slim, Stretch & Vern, Oxia, Peter Bailey, Orion's Voice, JJ Mullor, Dani Sbert, Lexington Avenue, Dylan, Derek Marin, Public Domain, K-Traxx, Technoboy, Bob Ray & Van Dyuk, Ben Gold, Pelari, Meat Katie and many others.[15]In 1995, a remix of \"So Get Up\", retitled \"Trance Line\" by the Madrid production team Committee (Dimas Carbajo and J.J. De La Fuente) rose to #3 in January 1995 on the Billboard Singles Chart for Spain, remaining in the Top Ten for more than a month. Committee's Trance Line versions, which also had several mixes of their own utilized all of Ithaka's original vocal, but none of Underground Sound Of Lisbon's instrumental.[16]In 2003, Miss Kittin used the entire \"So Get Up\" poem as part of the intro on her album Radio Caroline Vol.1.[17]Six remixes were initially made of \"So Get Up\" in 2014, but because two a capellas were included in the first U.S. and U.K. releases on Tribal Records, rogue musical versions using the vocal have snowballed out of control. Hundreds of House, Hardstyle, Progressive House, Speedcore,[18] Trance, Techno, Tech House, Industrial, Rock, Dubstep and Gabber producers have simply placed the So Get Up vocal on their own instrumentals and called them their own (sometimes with subtle title changes, but often just as \"So Get Up\"). To date, there are now several hundred released remixes using Ithaka Darin Pappas' original vocal recording. As of late 2016, So Get Up now holds the distinction of being the most remixed vocal a cappella in musical history (Guinness World Record Holder 2016[19]).\"So Get Up\" by its individual producers and DJs has been played or performed at large-scale dance parties around the global such as the Electric Daisy Carnival in New York and Orlando (2016) as interpreted by Cosmic Gate. In early 2017, Armin Van Buuren opened a vinyl set at his own A State of Trance festival in Utrecht, Netherlands by playing the \"So Get Up\" a capella from 1994.[20][21]","title":"So Get Up"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ithaka_Darin_Pappas_Self_portrait_1991_Pangrati_Athens_Greece_photo_Ithaka_Darin_Pappas.jpg"}],"text":"\"So Get Up\" lyricist Ithaka Darin Pappas in 1992The end of the earth is upon us. Pretty soon it'll all turn to dust.\nSo get up. Forget the past. Go outside and have a blast.Go a thousand miles in a jet airplane. Go out of your mind go insane.To a place you never been before. Eat ice cream or you'll lick the floor.'Cause, the end of the earth is upon us. Pretty soon it'll all turn to dust.Goodbye my friends. Goodbye world. I'll see you in the next life.","title":"Lyrics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sorted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorted_(film)"},{"link_name":"Alexander Jovy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Jovy"},{"link_name":"Matthew Rhys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Rhys"},{"link_name":"Sienna Guillory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienna_Guillory"},{"link_name":"Ben Moor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Moor_(writer)"},{"link_name":"Tim Curry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Curry"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Variety-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-The_Guardian-23"},{"link_name":"Leftfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leftfield"},{"link_name":"Morcheeba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morcheeba"},{"link_name":"Public Enemy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Enemy"},{"link_name":"Elvis Presley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley"},{"link_name":"Matt Darey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Darey"},{"link_name":"The Turtles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turtles"},{"link_name":"Mauro Picotto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauro_Picotto"},{"link_name":"Paul Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Johnson_(producer)"},{"link_name":"Agnelli & Nelson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnelli_%26_Nelson"},{"link_name":"Funky G","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funky_G"},{"link_name":"Gibson Brothers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson_Brothers"},{"link_name":"St. Etienne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Etienne_(band)"},{"link_name":"Da Hool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Hool"},{"link_name":"Art Of Trance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Berry"},{"link_name":"Depeche Mode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depeche_Mode"},{"link_name":"Lost Tribe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Tribe"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"text":"In the year 2000, a trance remix of Ithaka's \"So Get Up\" (entitled \"See You In The Next Life\") by Italian DJs, Atlantis, appeared during the closing titles sequence of the British feature film Sorted, directed by Alexander Jovy and starring Matthew Rhys, Sienna Guillory, Ben Moor and Tim Curry.[22][23]The soundtrack also includes songs by; Leftfield, Morcheeba, Public Enemy, Elvis Presley, Matt Darey, Southsugar, The Turtles, Mauro Picotto, Paul Johnson, Aphrodite, Agnelli & Nelson, Funky G, Gibson Brothers, St. Etienne, Kadda Cherif Hadria, Disposable Disco Dubs, Six Degrees, Da Hool, Highgate, Art Of Trance, Scott 4, Depeche Mode, Twisted Pair, Lost Tribe, and CRW.[24][25][26]","title":"Sorted film appearance (2000)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fat Boy Slim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_Boy_Slim"},{"link_name":"Junior Vasquez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Vasquez"},{"link_name":"Danny Tenaglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Tenaglia"},{"link_name":"Cosmic Gate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Gate"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Jun Ji-Hyun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun_Ji-Hyun"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Beatport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatport"},{"link_name":"A State of Trance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_State_of_Trance"},{"link_name":"Hardwell On Air","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwell_On_Air"},{"link_name":"Start to Feel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_to_Feel"},{"link_name":"Amsterdam Dance Event","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Dance_Event"},{"link_name":"Electric Daisy Carnival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Daisy_Carnival"},{"link_name":"Ultra Music Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Music_Festival"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"}],"text":"In December 1992, Ithaka had originally written and recited the poem called \"So Get Up\" (The End Of The Earth Is Upon Us) for his weekly segment of a program called Quarto Bairro on Rádio Comercial in Lisbon, Portugal. The next year he rerecorded it as a guest performer to be the primary vocal of a B-side single for the Portuguese dance music group called Underground Sound Of Lisbon. The song became an instant national hit and was soon released internationally as a ten-mix, double-vinyl set on New York's Tribal Records (a subsidiary of I.R.S. Records/E.M.I. Records). The song climbed to 1st place on the Billboard's Independent Dance Music Charts for the U.K.—and number 52nd in the United States.Since 1995, the song has been remixed over a thousand times including versions by such performers as Fat Boy Slim, Junior Vasquez, Danny Tenaglia, and Cosmic Gate, and has appeared on over one hundred compilations with combined sales in the millions. As the original music has been stripped away by each succeeding producer, the only singularly unifying element of all 1,000+ mixes of \"So Get Up\" is Ithaka's poem and his vocals. The song, which was considered the first modern \"Portuguese\" musical export, was released without a featuring Ithaka credit, even though Ithaka (a Californian who was only temporarily residing in Lisbon) is the primary publishing rights owner of the track and never a member of the Underground Sound Of Lisbon project. Reportedly no record royalties were ever paid to Ithaka Darin Pappas.[27]In 1999, Samsung in Korea featured a version of \"So Get Up\" (remixed by U.K. Breakbeat duo, Stretch N Vern) for a national My Jet printer ad series featuring actress Jun Ji-Hyun. According to almost all online biographical sources, the commercial transformed Ji-Hyun into a teen idol in Korea and today Jun Ji-Hyun is one of the most prominent celebrities in the entire country. The commercial, which was made by Cheil Communications, did not get authorization from either Ithaka or Stretch N Vern for the usage.[28][29]In 2013, German Trance superstars Cosmic Gate also excluded Ithaka's vocal-lyrical credit even though they licensed the entire \"So Get Up\" a capella. Without a doubt, Cosmic Gate's version of has become the biggest commercial success of So Get Up to date. In October 2013, it charted at number 1 on Beatport's trance music charts after being featured on Armin Van Buuren's compilation A State of Trance 2013, on Hardwell On Air Episode 133 and on Cosmic Gate's album Start to Feel (2014), with additional mixes by Pelari, Alex di Stefano and Ben Gold. It has been a festival favorite for the group since its release, being performed at Amsterdam Dance Event, Electric Daisy Carnival, Ultra Music Festival and on Cosmic Gate's own world tour.[30][31]","title":"\"So Get Up\" controversies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a cappella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_cappella"}],"text":"Documented uses of vocal and poem, So Get Up [by Ithaka Darin Pappas ©1993] in modern music appearing under varying titles. Poem was originally recorded for Radio Cómercial in Lisbon, Portugal in 1992. However, most musical versions have stemmed from illegal uses or sampling of the a cappella version that was recorded for Underground Sound Of Lisbon in Portugal, 1994. Note: This incomplete list includes both legal and unauthorized uses.","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-upmagazine-tap.com-32"}],"sub_title":"1992","text":"Ithaka – Rádio Commercial Lisbon \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Acapella recorded Dec 13th 1992 with engineer Pedro Costa.[32]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"Underground Sound Of Lisbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_Sound_Of_Lisbon"}],"sub_title":"1993","text":"Ithaka – \"So Get Up 1993\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Electro 'demo' version recorded in Manchester, England – February 1993[33][34]\nUnderground Sound Of Lisbon – \"So Get Up\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-35"},{"link_name":"Junior Vasquez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Vasquez"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-35"},{"link_name":"Junior Vasquez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Vasquez"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-35"},{"link_name":"Danny Tenaglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Tenaglia"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-35"},{"link_name":"Danny Tenaglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Tenaglia"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-35"},{"link_name":"Danny Tenaglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Tenaglia"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com1-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com2-37"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com2-37"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com2-37"}],"sub_title":"1994","text":"Ithaka – \"So Get Up\" – Acapella – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Engineer: Sinewave – TRIBAL America/I.R.S.[35]\nJunior Vasquez – \"So Get Up – Junior's Factory Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.[35]\nJunior Vasquez – \"So Get Up\" – Factory Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.[35]\nDanny Tenaglia – \"So Get Up – Danny's \"In The Light We Sleep\" Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.[35]\nDanny Tenaglia – \"So Get Up – Get-Upella Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TRIBAL America/I.R.S.[35]\nDanny Tenaglia – \"So Get Up – It's 4 P.M. Danny, Get Up! Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)TRIBAL America/I.R.S.[35]\nOrion's Voice – \"The Next Life\": Original Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[36]\nSarasite – \"The End Of The Earth\"- Jatzzup Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Melody Maker Records, Italy[37]\nSarasite – \"The End Of The Earth\" – Patrick P.D.jJ. Tribal Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Melody Maker Records, Italy[37]\nSarasite – \"The End Of The Earth\": M.C. Hair New Wave Vibrations mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)Melody Maker Records, Italy[37]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com3-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com4-40"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com4-40"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com4-40"}],"sub_title":"1995","text":"Committee – \"Trance Line\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Lost Paradise Records[38]\nPublic Domain – \"So Get Up\" : Jeremy mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BZRK Records, Netherlands[39][40]\nPublic Domain – \"So Get Up\" : Dr. Phil's mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BZRK Records, Netherlands[40]\nPublic Domain – \"So Get Up\" : original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BZRK Records, Netherlands[40]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"}],"sub_title":"1996","text":"K.S. – \"Fellini's Circus\" - Active Bass Music [Italy][41]\nTecmania Rebel (aka Patrick van der Hart) – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) The Violet E.P. – Planet Dance Records [Netherlands][42]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"Yoshitoshi Recordings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshitoshi_Recordings"},{"link_name":"Deep Dish Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Dish_(band)"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com5-44"},{"link_name":"Stretch & Vern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_%26_Vern"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-45"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-45"},{"link_name":"Avex Trax","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avex_Trax"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-45"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-45"},{"link_name":"FFRR Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFRR_Records"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"Strictly Rhythm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Rhythm"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"}],"sub_title":"1997","text":"Next Generation - The Earthquake - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Ipnotika Records (Italy)[43]\nJoystick (aka Jason \"Jinx\" Zambito) – \"Go Insane\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Yoshitoshi Recordings/Deep Dish Records [USA][44]\nStretch & Vern – \"Get Up, Go Insane !\" – The Terrace Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records [UK][45]\nStretch & Vern – \"Get Up, Go Insane !\" – Fatboy Really Lost It – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records [UK][45]\nStretch & Vern – \"Get Up, Go Insane !\" – Disco Dub by Fatboy Slim – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Avex Trax [China][46]\nStretch & Vern – \"Get Up, Go Insane !\" – Moonmens Theme – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records [UK][45]\nStretch & Vern – \"Get Up, Go Insane !\" – Rock 'N' Roll Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Spot On Records [UK][45]\nStretch & Vern – \"Get Up, Go Insane !\" – Disco Dub Katz Mix by Fatboy Slim – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) FFRR Records [UK][47]\nStretch & Vern – \"Get Up, Go Insane !\" – Bonus Acid Beat by FatBoy Slim – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Grandslam Records / Strictly Rhythm [USA][48]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yoshitoshi Recordings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshitoshi_Recordings"},{"link_name":"Deep Dish Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Dish_(band)"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"Yoshitoshi Recordings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshitoshi_Recordings"},{"link_name":"Deep Dish Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Dish_(band)"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com5-44"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-juno.co.uk-50"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-juno.co.uk-50"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"}],"sub_title":"1998","text":"Joystick (aka Jason \"Jinx\" Zambito) – \"Go Insane\" – Go Insane Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Yoshitoshi Recordings/Deep Dish Records [USA][49]\nJoystick (aka Jason \"Jinx\" Zambito) – \"Go Insane\" – Psychic Girls' Groove (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Yoshitoshi Recordings/Deep Dish Records [USA][44]\nPathfinder – \"So Get Up '98\" – Odysee Of Life Remix(lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Refreshed [Germany][50]\nPathfinder – \"So Get Up '98\" – Apocalyptic Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Refreshed [Germany][50][51]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"}],"sub_title":"1999","text":"Marcel – Viginti Etduo – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mole Listening Pearls [Germany][52]\nSamsung My Jet Mix – Get Up! Go Insane! (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Commercial starring Jun Ji-Hyun[53]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Norman Cook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Cook"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com6-55"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com6-55"}],"sub_title":"2000","text":"Fatboy Slim aka Norman Cook – Fatboy Slim's Greatest Remixes – \"Get Up, Go Insane!\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[54] (lyrics, vocals) Priarity Records\nAtlantis ITA – See You In The Next Life : original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Overodose Records, Germany[55]\nAtlantis ITA – See You In The Next Life : DJ Scot Project remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Overodose Records [Germany][55]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"}],"sub_title":"2001","text":"Ce Ce Lee – \"Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) 24 Records Italy[56]\nPCP – \"Zombie\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) PTP Records [Germany], Bit Music [Spain], Hardcore Maniacs [Spain][57][58]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Miss Kittin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Kittin"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"}],"sub_title":"2002","text":"Miss Kittin – \"So Get Up\" Intro Acapella – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Groove Records [Switzerland][59][60]\nK-Traxx – \"Hardventure\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Titanic Records, [Italy][61][62]\nHigh Voltage – \"Go Insane\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Sys-X Records [Netherlands][63][64]\nDylan – \"Headcharge\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka <> produced by Dylan Hilsley) Earth EP – Renegade Hardware Records [UK][65][66][67]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com1-36"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com1-36"}],"sub_title":"2003","text":"Orion's Voice – \"The Next Life\": original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Re-Fuel Records, Netherlands[36]\nOrion's Voice – \"The Next Life\": Origin Unknown remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Re-Fuel Records, Netherlands[36]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"Mert Yücel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mert_Y%C3%BCcel"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com7-69"},{"link_name":"Eric Kupper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Kupper"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com7-69"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com7-69"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com7-69"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com7-69"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com3-38"}],"sub_title":"2004","text":"Yoshi & Chia - \"Turn To Dust\" (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) X-Ite Records (UK)[68]\nMert Yücel – \"So Get Up\" – DeepXperience Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records [Portugal][69]\nEric Kupper – \"So Get Up\" – Tribalectro Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records [Portugal][69]\nKing-Size – \"So Get Up\" – King-Size Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records [Portugal][69]\nDan Robbins – \"So Get Up\" – Three Dimension Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records [Portugal][69]\nLow End Specialists – \"So Get Up\" – Low End Specialists Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaos Records [Portugal][69]\nCommittee – \"Trance Line\" – TCR Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Trance Corporation Recordings [Spain][38]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"}],"sub_title":"2005","text":"Architect – \"Speed O.J.\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Hymen Records [Germany][70]\nMeat Katie featuring Ithaka– \"Phat Prick\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Fabric Records [UK][71]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-74"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"}],"sub_title":"2006","text":"Phobia – \"All Points North\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) All Points North EP – Renegade Hardware Records [UK][72][73]\nMagik Johnson - \"In The Next Life\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) NRK Music [UK][74][75]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"},{"link_name":"Lexicon Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicon_Avenue"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com8-77"},{"link_name":"Dave Seaman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Seaman"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com8-77"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"}],"sub_title":"2007","text":"DJ Evol - \"Next Life (lyrics & vocals by: ithaka) Combat Records [USA][76]\nLexicon Avenue– \"So Get Up\" – Damaged People Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Forensic Records [UK][77]\nDave Seaman – \"So Get Up\" – Mirabeau Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Forensic Records [UK][77]\nRay & Suly - \"Oclusion\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Echo90 Records (Spain)[78]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com9-81"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com9-81"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com9-81"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lololyrics.com-82"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com10-83"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lololyrics.com-82"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com10-83"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lololyrics.com-82"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com10-83"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lololyrics.com-82"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com10-83"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lololyrics.com-82"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs.com10-83"}],"sub_title":"2008","text":"Mowree – \"So Get Up\" – Next Life Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records [Italy][79]\nSharp & Smooth (Alex Bass and David Mimram) – \"So Get Up\" – Sharp & Smooth Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records [Italy][80]\nPhunk Investigation – \"So Get Up\" – O' Tech Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records [Italy][81]\nPhunk Investigation – \"So Get Up\" – Turbolento Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records [Italy][81]\nPhunk Investigation – \"So Get Up\" – Shuffling Phunk Investigation Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Absolutely Records [Italy][81]\nDJ Zorneus – \"Insane\" – DJ Zorneus Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records [Germany][82][83]\nLochness DJ Team – \"Insane\" – Lochness DJ Team Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records [Germany][82][83]\nMaziano – \"Insane\" – Maziano Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records [Germany][82][83]\nDantime – \"Insane\" – Dantime Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records [Germany][82][83]\nSeikos – \"Insane\" – Seikos ICE507 Old Vinyl Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records [Germany][82][83]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceH-84"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-85"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceH-84"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-86"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-87"},{"link_name":"Dino Lenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino_Lenny"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-88"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"}],"sub_title":"2009","text":"Dan Edge - \"Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Ravers Addition 3 [UK][84][85]\nX-Cyte - \"The Next Life\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Ravers Addition 3 [UK][84]\n2 DJs In A Room – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Hardstyle Connection / Mega Prod Records [France][86]\nSteve Hill & Technikal – \"Forget The Past\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: World Series Amsterdam / Masif Records [Australia][87]\nAndrea Doria & Dino Lenny – \"So Get Up\" Cover Version – Andre Doria Mix – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Afterglow Records[88]\nAndrea Doria & Dino Lenny – \"So Get Up\" Cover Version – Dino Lenny Mix – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Afterglow Records[89]\nAndrea Doria & Dino Lenny – \"So Get Up\" Cover Version – Original Rework – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Afterglow Records[90]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-91"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"},{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-94"},{"link_name":"[95]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-95"}],"sub_title":"2010","text":"Morbus M. \"Forget The Past\" (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Forget The Past [Hands][91]\nPhilippe Rochard – \"PPF (Past Present Future)\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Angels and Demons / Sector Beatz [Switzerland][92][93]\nPeace Maker – \"Turn To Dust\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Intensity / Nutek Records [Spain][94]\nPeace Maker \"Turn To Dust\" – Field Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: California Dreaming / United Beats Records [Spain][95]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[96]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-96"},{"link_name":"[97]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-97"},{"link_name":"[98]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-98"},{"link_name":"[99]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-99"},{"link_name":"[100]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-100"},{"link_name":"[101]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-101"},{"link_name":"[102]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-102"},{"link_name":"[103]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-103"}],"sub_title":"2011","text":"Bart Skils – \"Dust\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Tronic [Sweden][96][97][98]\nMike Steventon & Tone – \"Get Up\" (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) 011, K405 Records [UK][99]\nPlusculaar – \"Have A Blast\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Rare Species / Electronic Zoo Music[100]\nOutworld -\"Alien Life Forms, Goodbye My Friends\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Outworld /Blue Byte [Belgium][101]\nDJ Pibert – \"Jet Airplane\" – DJ Activator Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: DJ style 2) / Hardnetmusic-Edinet Publishing [Italy][102]\nHorizon \"Turn To Dust\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Ancient Future) Phantasm Records [UK][103]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[104]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-104"},{"link_name":"[105]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-105"},{"link_name":"[106]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-106"},{"link_name":"[107]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-107"},{"link_name":"[108]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-108"},{"link_name":"[109]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-109"},{"link_name":"[110]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-110"},{"link_name":"[111]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-111"},{"link_name":"[112]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-112"},{"link_name":"[113]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-113"},{"link_name":"[114]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-114"},{"link_name":"[115]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-115"},{"link_name":"[116]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-beatport.com-116"},{"link_name":"[117]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-https-117"},{"link_name":"[116]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-beatport.com-116"},{"link_name":"[117]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-https-117"},{"link_name":"[118]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-118"}],"sub_title":"2012","text":"Black Force – \"Next Life\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Part Three EP / Activa Records [Italy][104][105]\nBageera – \"Go Insane!\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Atypical Records [Spain][106]\nJJ Mullor, Dani Sebert – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Supermarket Records [Spain][107]\nMarco Calanni – \"Forget The Past\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Konstrukt Records [Turkey][108]\nPeace Maker – \"Turn To Dust\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Best Of 2011 / United Beats Records [Spain][109]\nHakan Sarugil – \"So Get Up\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: High Tech Soul #3 / Bliss Point Records[110]\nCassien Jean – \"Goodbye My Friends\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Various Artists / Spur Records [Italy][111]\nJay Dahbi – \"Go Insane\" – Extended Mix – (lyrics & vocals: Ithaka) Album: The Weekend / Soltrenz Records [USA][112]\nDanny Garlick – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) White Mind Records [UK], Bedroom Music [USA][113]\nDanny Garlick – \"So Get Up\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Digital+ Records [Spain][114]\nDerek Marin – \"The End Of The Earth\" (lyrics & vocals: Ithaka) Albums: Culture Response / Streetlight Records, Plastic City [Germany][115][116][117]\nDerek Marin – \"The End Of The Earth\" – full vocal mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Satellite Subspace / Streetlight Records [Germany]\nDerek Marin – \"The End Of The Earth\" – Dub – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Plastic City Records [Germany][116][117][118]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Armin Van Buuren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armin_Van_Buuren"},{"link_name":"[119]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-119"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Hardwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwell"},{"link_name":"[120]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-120"},{"link_name":"Cosmic Gate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Gate"},{"link_name":"[121]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-121"},{"link_name":"[122]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-122"},{"link_name":"[123]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-123"},{"link_name":"[124]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-124"},{"link_name":"[125]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-125"},{"link_name":"[126]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-126"},{"link_name":"[127]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-127"},{"link_name":"[128]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-128"},{"link_name":"[129]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-129"},{"link_name":"[130]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-130"},{"link_name":"[131]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-131"},{"link_name":"[132]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-132"},{"link_name":"[133]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-133"},{"link_name":"[134]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceC-134"},{"link_name":"[135]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceD-135"},{"link_name":"[136]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-136"},{"link_name":"[137]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-137"},{"link_name":"[138]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-138"},{"link_name":"[139]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-139"},{"link_name":"[140]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-140"},{"link_name":"[141]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-141"},{"link_name":"[142]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-142"},{"link_name":"[134]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceC-134"},{"link_name":"[135]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceD-135"}],"sub_title":"2013","text":"Armin Van Buuren – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: A State Of Trance 2013 – Armada Records [Netherlands][119][citation needed]\nHardwell – \"So Get Up\" – Hardwell On Air Episode 133 Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka)[120]\nCosmic Gate – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) – Wake Your Mind Records [Germany][121]\nCosmic Gate – \"So Get Up\" – Extended Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records [Netherlands][122]\nCosmic Gate \"So Get Up\" – HeatBeat Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records [Netherlands][123]\nCosmic Gate \"So Get Up\" – Pelari Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records [Netherlands][124]\nCosmic Gate \"So Get Up\" – Ben Gold Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind Records [Netherlands][125]\nCosmic Gate \"So Get Up\" – Radio Edit – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Vonyc Sessions / Vandit Records [Germany][126]\nHeatBeat (Agustin Servente & Matias Chavez) – \"So Get Up\" – HeatBeat Remix – (lyrics & vocals by: ithaka) – Wake Your Mind Records [Germany][127]\nCarlos HP – \"Get Up\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) YPQN Records [Spain][128]\nRich Gior \"Goodbye World\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Miami Vibes Productions / Dark Vibe Productions [USA][129]\nAudio Noir \"Lick The Floor\" – Original Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Bonzai Progressive [Belgium][130]\nDamien Blaze – \"Out Of Your Mind\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Electrified Recordings[131]\nKoozah – \"Next Life\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone Records [Italy][132][133]\nKoozah – \"Next Life\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution [Italy][134]\nKoozah \"Next Life\" – Edit – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution [Netherlands][135]\nMorgana DJ – \"The Next Life\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Emmestudio Records [Italy][136]\nMarcel \"Viginti Etduo\"- (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Viginti Etduo / Mole Listening Pearls [Germany][137]\nBob Ray, Van Dyuk \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Elektrobeats Records [Italy][138]\nFurio Levant – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Doctors of Chaos Records [Italy][139]\nFurio Levant – \"So Get Up!\" – Original Mix – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) – Doctors Of Chaos Records [Italy][140]\nSlow Panpot – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Basewate / Sibilant Records[141][142]\nKoozah – \"Next Life\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution [Italy][134]\nKoozah \"Next Life\" – Edit – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Next Cyclone/Sonic Solution [Netherlands][135]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[125]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-125"},{"link_name":"[143]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-143"},{"link_name":"[144]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-144"},{"link_name":"[145]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-145"},{"link_name":"Atmozfears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmozfears"},{"link_name":"[146]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-146"},{"link_name":"[147]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-147"},{"link_name":"[148]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-148"},{"link_name":"[149]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-149"},{"link_name":"[150]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-150"},{"link_name":"[151]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-151"},{"link_name":"[152]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-152"},{"link_name":"[153]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-153"},{"link_name":"[154]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-154"},{"link_name":"[155]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-155"},{"link_name":"[156]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-156"},{"link_name":"[157]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-157"},{"link_name":"[158]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-158"},{"link_name":"[159]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-159"},{"link_name":"[160]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-160"},{"link_name":"[161]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-161"},{"link_name":"[162]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-162"},{"link_name":"[163]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-163"},{"link_name":"[164]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-164"},{"link_name":"Technoboy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoboy"},{"link_name":"[165]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-165"},{"link_name":"[166]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-166"},{"link_name":"[167]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-167"},{"link_name":"[168]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-168"},{"link_name":"[169]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-169"},{"link_name":"[170]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-170"},{"link_name":"[171]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceE-171"},{"link_name":"[172]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-172"},{"link_name":"[173]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-173"},{"link_name":"[174]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-174"},{"link_name":"[175]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-175"},{"link_name":"[176]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-176"},{"link_name":"[177]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-177"},{"link_name":"[178]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-178"},{"link_name":"[171]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceE-171"}],"sub_title":"2014","text":"Ben Gold – \"So Get Up\" – Ben Gold Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Armada Records [Netherlands][125]\nPelari – \"So Get Up\" – Pelari Radio Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Armada Records [Netherlands][143]\nIgor Carmo – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Nervous Records [USA][144]\nJJ Mullor, Dani Sbert – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Supermarket Records[145]\nAtmozfears – \"The Next Life\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Memory Stick Records [Netherlands][146]\nLoose Effects – \"Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Under Noize Records [El Salvador][147]\nSwing Kings – \"The End Of The Earth\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Orange Groove Records [UK][148]\nNinja, Cab Thomas – \"The Next Life\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Thundercut Records [Germany][149]\nPeace Maker – \"Turn To Dust\" – Field Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) United Beats Records – [Spain][150]\nAudio Noir – \"Floorlicker\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Albums: Club Traxx 2014, WMC Miami 2014 / Bonzai Progressive [Belgium][151]\nLet's Try – \"Goodbye World\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Keep It Pure Music [Turkey][152]\nMr. Argenis – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) LCA Records [France][153]\nTrolley Snatcha – \"The End Of The Earth\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Archetype / Firepower Records [Canada][154]\nGu'Brian – \"Go Insane\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Complex Drop Records [Peru][155]\nMaik Ibane – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Vendetta Records [Spain][156]\nMaik Ibane – \"So Get Up\" – Extended Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Vendetta Records – [Spain][157]\nMicromakine – \"Last Resurrection\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Union Recordings [Poland][158][159]\nMicromakine – \"Last Resurrection\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Union Recordings [Poland][160]\nMicromakine – \"Last Resurrection\" – Cooh Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Union Recordings [Poland][161]\nActi, Antolini – \"Belther\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Albums: Defqon.1 2014, Q-Base / Q-Dance [Netherlands][162]\nActi, Antolini – \"Belther\" – Orbital Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Subground Records [Italy][163]\nActi, Antolini – \"Belther\" – Extended Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Subground Records [Italy][164]\nTNT (aka Technoboy), Tuneboy & Zatox – \"Intensity\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Certified One / HARDwithSTYLE Records [Netherlands][165][166]\nTNT, Zatox – \"Intensity\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Q-Dance Records [Netherlands][167]\nTNT, Zatox – \"Intensity\" – Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) HardwithStyle Records [Netherlands][168]\nTNT, Zatox – \"Intensity\" – Radio Cut – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Titanic Records [Italy][169]\nTNT, Zatox – \"Intensity\" – Extended Version – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Titanic Records [Italy][170]\nDJ Kryst-Off – \"Go Insane featuring Breaker\" – Reloaded Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Mental Madness Records [Germany][171]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – Bresker Old School Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: DJ Case / Mental Madness Records [Germany][172]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – Old School Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Albums: DJ Case, Go Insane / Mental Madness – [Germany][173]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – Old School Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Go Insane / Mental Madness – [Germany][174]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – Handzup Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: DJ Case / Mental Madness Records [Germany][175]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – HandzUp Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Go Insane / Mental Madness [Germany][176]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – Live Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: EDM Madness / Mental Madness [Germany][177]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – Reloaded Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: EDM Madness / Mental Madness [Germany][178]\nDJ Kryst-Off, Breaker – \"Go Insane\" – Reloaded Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Go Insane / Mental Madness [Germany][171]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[179]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-179"},{"link_name":"[180]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceF-180"},{"link_name":"[180]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceF-180"},{"link_name":"[181]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-181"},{"link_name":"[182]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-182"},{"link_name":"Lee Burridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Burridge"},{"link_name":"[183]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-183"},{"link_name":"[184]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-184"},{"link_name":"[185]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-185"},{"link_name":"[186]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-186"},{"link_name":"[187]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-187"},{"link_name":"[188]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-188"},{"link_name":"[189]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-189"},{"link_name":"[190]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-190"},{"link_name":"[191]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-191"},{"link_name":"[192]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-192"},{"link_name":"[193]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-193"},{"link_name":"[194]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-194"},{"link_name":"[195]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-195"},{"link_name":"[196]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-196"},{"link_name":"[197]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-197"},{"link_name":"[198]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-198"},{"link_name":"[199]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-199"},{"link_name":"[200]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-200"},{"link_name":"[201]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-201"},{"link_name":"[202]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-202"},{"link_name":"[203]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-203"},{"link_name":"[204]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-204"}],"sub_title":"2015","text":"DJ Lugo - \"Get Up\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Cirka Music [Venezuela][179]\nRazat – \"Get Up\" – Mash-Up Masterblast Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Moscow Mule Records [Russia][180]\nRazat – \"Get Up\" – Hash-In-The Bowl Dubstep Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Moscow Mule Records [Russia][180]\nAlex Page – \"So Get Up, Atom Bride\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[181][182]\nLee Burridge – \"So Get Up\" – Burning Man Essential Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) BBC One Radio [UK][183][184]\nFuturePlays (Mexico) – \"So Get Uo\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Boshporus Underground Recordings [Turkey][185]\nSamir Kuliev – \"So Get Up\" – Samir Kuilev Re-Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Chuvstvo Ritma Records [Russia][186]\nPagano – \"So Get Up\" – Pagano 2015 Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Tribal Records [USA][187]\nPagano – \"So Get Up\" – Pagano 2015 Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Tribal Records [USA][188]\nCosmic Gate – \"So Get Up\"- (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) Start To Feel, Deluxe album version / Armada Music Bundles [Netherlands][189]\nParadigm X – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album UK Trendz #3 / U.K. Trendz [UK][190]\nFuelo Ruedo – \"It's Upon Us\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Cats Love Bass Records [Italy][191]\nFuelo Ruedo – \"I'll See You\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Cats Love Bass Records [Italy][192]\nCubik, Checo Zak – \"Forget The Past\" (Original Mix) 2015, Dilematic Records Czech Republic[193]\nCubik, Checo Zak – \"Forget The Past\" Javas Remix Dilematic Records [Czech Republic][194]\nCubik, Checo Zak – \"Forget The Past\" – JM Blex Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Dilematic Records [Czech Republic][195]\nMaik Ibane – \"So Get Up\" – Radio Edit Blanco Y Negro Musica [Spain][196]\nDoppeldosen – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Raizo Music [Spain][197]\nJoseph LP – \"So Get Up\"- (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) People Tech Records [Venezuela][198]\nMarcel – \"Viginti Etduo\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Christam Escapades/Parasol Phonoteque [Germany][199]\nMarcel – \"Viginti Etduo\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Amsterdam Bar Longue / Parasol Phonoteque [Germany][200]\nActi, Antolini – \"Belther\" – Orbital Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Drizzly Music [Germany][201]\nDerek Marin – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Plastic City Revised / Plastic City [Germany][202]\nDejay D, Ozy & Ash – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Cheeky Bounce Stompers / Cheeky Tracks Records [U.K.][203]\nManu Kenton – \"Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kentek Recordings [France][204]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[205]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-205"},{"link_name":"[206]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-206"},{"link_name":"[207]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-207"},{"link_name":"[208]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-208"},{"link_name":"Buraka Som Sistema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buraka_Som_Sistema"},{"link_name":"Coliseu dos Recreios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliseu_dos_Recreios"},{"link_name":"[209]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-209"},{"link_name":"[210]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-210"},{"link_name":"[211]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-211"},{"link_name":"[212]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-212"},{"link_name":"[213]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-213"},{"link_name":"[214]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-214"},{"link_name":"Black Hole Recordings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_Recordings"},{"link_name":"[215]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-215"},{"link_name":"Meat Katie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_Katie"},{"link_name":"[216]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-216"},{"link_name":"[217]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-217"},{"link_name":"[218]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-218"},{"link_name":"[219]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-219"},{"link_name":"[220]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-220"},{"link_name":"[221]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-221"},{"link_name":"[222]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-222"},{"link_name":"[223]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-223"},{"link_name":"[224]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-224"},{"link_name":"[225]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-225"},{"link_name":"[226]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-226"},{"link_name":"[227]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-227"},{"link_name":"[228]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-228"},{"link_name":"[229]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-229"},{"link_name":"[230]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-230"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"},{"link_name":"[231]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-231"}],"sub_title":"2016","text":"Ring - \"Good Bye World\" – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Bullfinch Records[205][206]\nFabio Monesi - \"Acid Storm\" – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Russian Torrents Versions/L.I.E.S. Records[207][208]\nClub Atlas (Branko/Buraka Som Sistema) – \"So Get Up\" – Red Bull Culture Clash Mix – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Live Coliseu dos Recreios [Portugal][209]\nAlex Di Stefano – \"So Get Up\" – Mix Cut Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Hole Recordings[210]\nGeometric Dark – \"So Get Up\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Party Label Unique Records [Netherlands][211]\nFuturePlays (Mexico) – \"So Get Up\" – Vocal Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Habitat Records[212]\nDJ Dũng Tí – \"So Get Up\" – DJ Dũng Tí – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[213]\nCosmic Gate – \"So Get Up\" – Alex Di Stefano Extended Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Wake Your Mind/Armada [Netherlands][214]\nCosmic Gate – \"So Get Up\" – Alex Di Stefano Extended Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Hole Recordings – Netherlands[215]\nMeat Katie – \"Next Life\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Back In The Day – Lowering The Tone Records [U.K.][216]\nMarc Hartman – \"A Place You've Never Been Before\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Changes – Lemon Grass Music [Germany][217]\nTNT, Zatox – \"Intensity\" – Extended Version – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Starlight Records [Italy][218]\nPepo, Pacho – \"Next Life\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Be One Limited Records [Spain][219]\nGeometric Dark – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)Party Label Unique Records [Netherlands][220]\nNell Silva – \"So Get Up\" – 22 Years Of So Get Up – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Desire Records [Portugal][221]\nNell Silva – \"So Get Up\" – Vortex Version – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Desire Records [Portugal][222]\nNell Silva – \"So Get Up\" – Original Version remastered – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Desire Records [Portugal][223]\nNell Silva – \"So Get Up\" – Vortex Version remastered 2016, Desire Records [Portugal][224]\nActi, Antolini – \"Belther\" – Orbital Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)Berlin Sensation [Germany][225]\nDANTEE, Alternative Journey – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Brazil Generation #3[226]\nSwing Kings – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Disco LP 2 – Orange Groove Records [UK][227]\nZRG – \"Forget The Past\" – Chris Drifter Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Club Runner – GR8 AL Music [Belgium][228]\nZRG – \"Forget The Past\" – Chris Drifter Remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: House Running – GR8 AL Music [Belgium][229]\nDr. Funk – \"Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Phunked Up – Foolish Records [Netherlands][230]\nDani Villa, Rodri Vegas – \"Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Dropper Get Up E.P. – Patent Skills Records Bulgaria[231]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[232]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-232"},{"link_name":"Armin Van Buuren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armin_Van_Buuren"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-global-sets.com-21"},{"link_name":"[233]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-233"},{"link_name":"[234]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-234"},{"link_name":"[235]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-235"},{"link_name":"[236]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-236"},{"link_name":"[237]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-237"},{"link_name":"[238]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-238"},{"link_name":"[239]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-239"},{"link_name":"[240]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-240"},{"link_name":"[241]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-241"},{"link_name":"[242]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-242"},{"link_name":"[243]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-243"},{"link_name":"[244]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-244"},{"link_name":"[245]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-245"},{"link_name":"[246]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-246"},{"link_name":"[247]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-247"},{"link_name":"[248]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-248"},{"link_name":"[249]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-249"},{"link_name":"[250]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-250"},{"link_name":"[251]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-251"},{"link_name":"[252]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-252"},{"link_name":"[253]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-253"}],"sub_title":"2017","text":"Ithaka – \"So Get Up 2017\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) – Album: So Get Up & The Lost Acapellas (Sweatlodge Records)[232]\nArmin Van Buuren – \"So Get Up\" – Armin's Acapella Mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Performed Live Feb. 18th – ASOT Festival [Utrecht, Netherlands][21]\nRui Flip – \"All Turn To Dust\" – (music and vocals: Rui Flip <> lyrics: Ithaka) Dogmain Records [Portugal][233]\n2017 Violet, BLEID, Caroline Lethô, EDND, Yen Sung (feat. Belita, Maria Amor, Sonja) – \"So Get Up – IWD Cover Version\" – (lyrics by: Ithaka) Equality Now Records [UK][234]\nTownship Rebellion – \"Next Life\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Stil Vor Talent [Germany][235]\nFrankyeffe vs. Ithaka – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Phobiq Records (Italy)[236]\nHu Bee featuring Ithaka – \"New World\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) TED Records [France][237]\nJay Dahbi – \"Go Insane\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Weekend – Soltrenz Records [NY, USA][238]\nJay Dahbi – \"Go Insane\" – Extended Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Weekend – Soltrenz Records [NY, USA][239]\nChaka & Marty – \"Goodbye World\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) (album: Visions Of Tech House) RH2 [Germany][240]\nMotivBreaks – \"Forget The Past\" – Original Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Fantomas Records [Greece][241]\nMotivBreaks – \"Forget The Past\" – Perfect Kombo Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Fantomas Records [Greece][242]\nLiquid Viking – \"The End Of The Earth\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Uxmal Records, Mexico[243]\nOmar Lopez – \"Have A Blast\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Darkside Digital Records [Argentina][244]\nNeanderthal Phonogram – \"Forget The Past\" – Dj Kryst-Off & Betrand Mix -(lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Records [Germany][245]\nNeanderthal Phonogram – \"Forget The Past\" – Dj Kryst-Off & Betrand Edit – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Aqualoop [Germany][246]\nNeanderthal Phonogram – \"Forget The Past\" – Pulsedriver Remix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Aqualoop [Germany][247]\nMatheu – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Vecto Records [Columbia]\nPirro – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Run Records [Argentina][248]\nRab-Beat – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka Darin Pappas) Sector Beatz Records [Switzerland][249]\nU.S.L. – \"So Get Up\" – Original & King Size Mix – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: Totally Kaos Mix Kaos [Portugal][250]\nUnderground Sound Of Lisbon – \"So Get Up\" – Danny's Get Upella – (lyrics/vocals by: Ithaka) Total Kaos – Kaos [Portugal][251]\nJoseph LP – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) album: The Sound Of Brothers / People Tech Records [Spain][252]\nPublic Domain – \"So Get Up\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Derailed Traxx/Be Yourself Music [Netherlands][253]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[254]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-254"},{"link_name":"[255]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-255"},{"link_name":"[256]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceI-256"},{"link_name":"[257]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-257"},{"link_name":"[258]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-258"},{"link_name":"[259]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-259"},{"link_name":"[260]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-260"},{"link_name":"[261]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-261"},{"link_name":"[262]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-262"},{"link_name":"[263]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-263"},{"link_name":"[264]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-264"},{"link_name":"[265]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-265"},{"link_name":"[256]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceI-256"},{"link_name":"[266]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-266"},{"link_name":"[267]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-267"},{"link_name":"[268]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-268"},{"link_name":"[269]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-269"},{"link_name":"[270]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-270"},{"link_name":"[271]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-271"},{"link_name":"[272]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-272"}],"sub_title":"2018","text":"Dual Shock - \"Get Up\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Midijum Records [Germany][254][255]\nSebastien Pedro - \"Hurt\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Berlin After Dark Records[256]\nNathan D \"The End Of The Earth Is Upon Us\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[257]\nOrion (Br) & DropGrade - \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Purple Haze Records.[258]\nDJ Healer (aka Traumprinz) featuring Ithaka – \"End Of The World\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Album: Planet Lonely/Label: Planet Uterus[259][260][261]\nDostech - \"Get Up\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[262]\nVV303 - \"So Get Up (2018 Bunker Remix)\" - lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka[263]\nMitekss - \"So Get Up\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[264]\nMitekss - \"So Get Up (Marcos Salas Remix)\" - lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka[265]\nSebastien Pedro - \"Hurt\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Berlin After Dark[256]\nCrypton - \"The Next Life\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Q-Dance[266]\nCrypton - \"The Next Life (Extended Mix)\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Q-Dance[267]\nDJ Delivery - \"It Will All Turn To Dust\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Black Box[268]\nDavid Tech - \"Next Life\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) DZB[269]\nKTK - \"End Of The Earth\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Kaleidoscope[270]\nSynctrex - \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[271]\nDJ Jonibigodes - \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) [272]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[273]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-273"},{"link_name":"[274]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-274"},{"link_name":"[275]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-275"},{"link_name":"[276]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-276"},{"link_name":"[277]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-youtube.com-277"},{"link_name":"[277]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-youtube.com-277"},{"link_name":"[278]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-278"},{"link_name":"[279]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-279"},{"link_name":"[280]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-280"},{"link_name":"[281]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-281"},{"link_name":"[282]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-282"},{"link_name":"[283]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-283"},{"link_name":"[284]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-284"},{"link_name":"[285]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-djmag.com-285"},{"link_name":"[285]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-djmag.com-285"},{"link_name":"[286]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-286"},{"link_name":"[287]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-287"},{"link_name":"[288]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-288"}],"sub_title":"2019","text":"Crank der Dirigent - \"Good Bye World\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Flair Berlin Records [Germany[273][274]\nDJ Swat - \"Good Bye World\" - original mix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) [Hungary[275]\nDJ Swat - \"Good Bye World\" - full minimal remix (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) [Hungary][276]\nJoy Marquez - \"Next Life\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Records [Mexico][277]\nSai & I - \"End Of Earth\" [Columbia][277]\nRejectiorz - \"So Get Up\" [Mexico][278]\nDJ Snat featuring Ithaka – \"The End Is Nigh\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Corecube - Russia[279]\nHugoP - \"So Get Up (Remake)\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[280]\nJohn Neiland featuring Ithaka – \"The End Is Nigh\" – (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[281]\nBr1an featuring Ithaka \"Upon Us\" – (lyrics & vocals by: Ithaka) 1A Recordings[282]\nStretch N Vern - \"Get Up! Go Insane!\" - The Terrace Edit (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings[283]\nStretch N Vern - \"Get Up! Go Insane!\" KDA Let Me Be Remix 2019 (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings[284]\nStretch N Vern - \"Get Up! Go Insane!\" Plump DJs Remix 2019 (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings[285]\nStretch N Vern - \"Get Up! Go Insane!\" K & K Remix 2019 (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings[285][286]\nStretch N Vern - \"Get Up! Go Insane!\" Fatboy Disco Dub (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings[287]\nStretch N Vern - \"Get Up! Go Insane!\" Fatboy's Really Lost It (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) London Recordings[288]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[289]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-289"},{"link_name":"[290]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-290"},{"link_name":"[291]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-291"},{"link_name":"[292]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-292"},{"link_name":"[293]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-293"},{"link_name":"[294]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-294"},{"link_name":"[295]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-295"},{"link_name":"[296]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-296"},{"link_name":"[297]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-297"},{"link_name":"[298]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-298"},{"link_name":"[299]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-299"},{"link_name":"[300]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-300"},{"link_name":"[301]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-301"},{"link_name":"[302]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-302"},{"link_name":"[303]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-303"},{"link_name":"[304]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-304"},{"link_name":"[305]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-305"},{"link_name":"[306]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-306"},{"link_name":"[307]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-307"},{"link_name":"[308]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-308"},{"link_name":"[309]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-309"}],"sub_title":"2020","text":"Outsiders - \"1000 Miles\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Sacred Technology [Israel][289][290]\nHidden Secret - \"Get Outa Here\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) TSD REcords [Germany][291][292]\nEl Jack - \"Next Life\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Muscaria Project [Mexico][293]\nRick Silva - \"Get Up!!\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) House Of Rhythm Records [Mexico][294]\nAlvaro Miranda & Spencer - \"Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[295]\nJoe Waudby - \"Next Life\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka)[296]\nInsanatix - \"Go Insane\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Gearbox Digital Records[297]\nForgiven X Derex - \"The End Of The Earth\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) FL Studio 20 Records[298]\nPomella - \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Ithica Records/France, Belgium[299]\nSecond Nature - \"So Get Up\" (sunrise mix) - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Portugal[300][301]\nAlien Project - \"Get Up\" - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) H2O Music[302]\nDade (ITA) \"Get Up\" Original Mix - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Shaman/Pressology(Italy)[303]\nDade (ITA) \"Get Up\" Parente Remix - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Shaman/Pressology (Italy)[304]\nDade (ITA) \"Get Up\" Parenti/Gioveri Remix - (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Shaman/Pressology (Italy)[305]\nNiko - \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Niko Music Records (Brazil)[306][307]\nDJ Pandemora \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka[308]\nPaolo Barbato & Lineka - \"See You In The Next Life\" (lyrics and vocals by: Ithaka) Graba Music Group[309]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[310]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-310"},{"link_name":"[311]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-311"},{"link_name":"[312]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-312"}],"sub_title":"2021","text":"Sovax - \"Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Dusty Nose[310]\nArturo Diaz - \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Coronita\nSgarra - \"So Get Up\" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Woolly Woolly [311]\nDarkinox - \"Next Life\" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Noisj.nl Records[312]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"DJ AniMe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_AniMe"},{"link_name":"[313]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-313"},{"link_name":"[314]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-314"}],"sub_title":"2023","text":"DJ AniMe w/ Broken Minds \"Go Insane\" (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka) Dogfight[313]Ciro Leone \"Goodbye My Friend\" ft. ithaka (lyrics and vocals by: ithaka)[314]","title":"Versions, remixes, uses and sampling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[315]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-315"},{"link_name":"[316]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-316"},{"link_name":"[317]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-317"},{"link_name":"[318]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-318"},{"link_name":"DJ Mag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Mag"},{"link_name":"[319]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-319"},{"link_name":"[320]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-320"},{"link_name":"[321]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-321"},{"link_name":"[322]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-322"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-redbull.com-11"},{"link_name":"Red Bull Music Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull_Music_Academy"},{"link_name":"[323]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-323"}],"text":"2013 Magnetic Magazine [USA] Regarding version by Cosmic Gate: written by Hannah DeuPree[315]\n2013 Daily Beat [USA] Regarding version by Cosmic Gate: written by Hugh Lurcott[316]\n2013 UP Magazine [Portugal] Regarding the origins of So Get Up's a cappella: written by Maria Ana Ventura[317]\n2013 Redbull [International] \"It Happened Here\" Regarding the origins of So Get Up in Portugal[318]\n2014 DJ Mag [Netherlands] Regarding versions by Cosmic Gate: written by Ruben De Ronde[319]\n2015 Earmilk [USA] Regarding Armin Van Buuren/Cosmic Gate collaboration, mentioning So Get Up: written by Steph Evans[320]\n2015 Flash DC [USA] Regarding the origins of So Get Up[321]\n2017 Rimas e Batidas [Portugal] Mentions Ithaka's \"So Get Up\" vocal as most sampled acapella in the world: written by Hugo Jorge[322]\n2018 Redbull [International] \"Essential Portuguese Club Tracks\" by Sammy Lee[11]\n2019 Red Bull Music Academy[323]","title":"Articles about \"So Get Up\" and its derivatives"}] | [{"image_text":"\"So Get Up\" lyric collage.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/So_Get_Up_lyric_collage_by_Ithaka_Darin_Pappas.jpg/220px-So_Get_Up_lyric_collage_by_Ithaka_Darin_Pappas.jpg"},{"image_text":"\"So Get Up\" lyricist Ithaka Darin Pappas in 1992","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ithaka_Darin_Pappas_Self_portrait_1991_Pangrati_Athens_Greece_photo_Ithaka_Darin_Pappas.jpg/220px-Ithaka_Darin_Pappas_Self_portrait_1991_Pangrati_Athens_Greece_photo_Ithaka_Darin_Pappas.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"So Get Up\". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yZhWfdSEws","url_text":"\"So Get Up\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube","url_text":"YouTube"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/8yZhWfdSEws","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up - Single by Ithaka\". Music.apple.com. 13 December 1992. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://music.apple.com/us/album/so-get-up-single/1539097802","url_text":"\"So Get Up - Single by Ithaka\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up from Nervous Records on Beatport\". Beatport.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/release/so-get-up/1299388","url_text":"\"So Get Up from Nervous Records on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Underground Sound Of Lisbon / e-N – Kaos Records Classics 01 (2007, Vinyl)\". Discogs.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/release/927040-Underground-Sound-Of-Lisbon-e-N-Kaos-Records-Classics-01","url_text":"\"Underground Sound Of Lisbon / e-N – Kaos Records Classics 01 (2007, Vinyl)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Underground Sound Of Lisbon - So Get Up\". Discogs. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/master/91741-Underground-Sound-Of-Lisbon-So-Get-Up","url_text":"\"Underground Sound Of Lisbon - So Get Up\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up from Wake Your Mind Records (Armada) on Beatport\". Beatport.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/release/so-get-up/1156310","url_text":"\"So Get Up from Wake Your Mind Records (Armada) on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"London Records Release the 1997 Classic - Stretch & Vern 'Get up Go Insane' | CU\". change-underground.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201111021634/https://change-underground.com/london-records-release-the-1997-classic-stretch-vern-get-up-go-insane/","url_text":"\"London Records Release the 1997 Classic - Stretch & Vern 'Get up Go Insane' | CU\""},{"url":"https://change-underground.com/london-records-release-the-1997-classic-stretch-vern-get-up-go-insane/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Underground Sound Of Lisbon – So Get Up (2008, 320 kbps, File)\". Discogs.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2960126-Underground-Sound-Of-Lisbon-So-Get-Up","url_text":"\"Underground Sound Of Lisbon – So Get Up (2008, 320 kbps, File)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sorted (2000) - IMDb\". IMDb.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0221563/soundtrack","url_text":"\"Sorted (2000) - IMDb\""}]},{"reference":"\"Get Up! Go Insane!\". Whosampled.com. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.whosampled.com/sample/22962/Stretch-%26-Vern-Get-Up!-Go-Insane!-House-of-Pain-Jump-Around/","url_text":"\"Get Up! Go Insane!\""}]},{"reference":"\"The best Portuguese club and electronic tracks\". Redbull.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.redbull.com/us-en/essential-portuguese-club-tracks","url_text":"\"The best Portuguese club and electronic tracks\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stereo Sound: 001\". amazon.com. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Stereo-Sound-001-DJ-Vibe/dp/B000Q3670S","url_text":"\"Stereo Sound: 001\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hurt (Original Mix) by Sebastien Pedro on Beatport\". Beatport.com. Retrieved Oct 24, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/hurt-original-mix/11070996","url_text":"\"Hurt (Original Mix) by Sebastien Pedro on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"1000 Miles by Outsiders\". Music.apple.com. 17 February 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://music.apple.com/us/album/1000-miles/1499025669?i=1499025989","url_text":"\"1000 Miles by Outsiders\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ithaka \"SO GET UP\" Remixes\". Discogs. 21 January 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/lists/Ithaka-SO-GET-UP-Remixes/598117?page=1","url_text":"\"Ithaka \"SO GET UP\" Remixes\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hits of the World\". Billboard Magazine. 21 January 1995. Retrieved 17 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=uAsEAAAAMBAJ&q=committee+%22trance+line%22+music+charts&pg=PA48","url_text":"\"Hits of the World\""}]},{"reference":"\"Intro Miss Kittin\". amazon.com. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2004.","urls":[{"url":"https://genius.com/Miss-kittin-intro-lyrics","url_text":"\"Intro Miss Kittin\""}]},{"reference":"\"#SPEEDCORE \"My TripCreator\" by Scientist Of Pain (Remix of Ithaka's \"So Get Up\") Official Video\". YouTube. 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Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/go-insane-feat-breaker-reloaded-mix/5686510","url_text":"\"Go Insane feat. Breaker (Reloaded Mix) by Breaker, DJ Kryst-Off on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Get Up (Original Mix)\". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=140l1AZaI_E","url_text":"\"Get Up (Original Mix)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube","url_text":"YouTube"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/140l1AZaI_E","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Razat featuring Ithaka - So Get Up\". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/Razat-featuring-Ithaka-So-Get-Up/release/10085429","url_text":"\"Razat featuring Ithaka - So Get Up\""}]},{"reference":"\"Discos: Os Alex Page celebram a música com \"So Get up, Atom Bride\" - Glam Magazine\". www.glam-magazine.pt. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040330/http://www.glam-magazine.pt/discos-os-alex-page-celebram-a-musica-272882","url_text":"\"Discos: Os Alex Page celebram a música com \"So Get up, Atom Bride\" - Glam Magazine\""},{"url":"http://www.glam-magazine.pt/discos-os-alex-page-celebram-a-musica-272882","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Alex Page Setlist at Cine Incrivel, Almada\". setlist.fm. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.setlist.fm/setlist/alex-page/2017/cine-incrivel-almada-portugal-bf8e50e.html","url_text":"\"Alex Page Setlist at Cine Incrivel, Almada\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lee Burridge Essential Mix 09-05-15\". soundcloud.com. 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Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://classic.beatport.com/track/so-get-uo-vocal-mix/7126027","url_text":"\"FuturePlays - So Get Uo (Vocal Mix) [Habitat] :: Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Uderground Sound Of Lisbon - So Get Up (Samir Kuliev Re-Edit) FREE DOWNLOAD\". soundcloud.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://soundcloud.com/chuvstvo-ritma-rec/uderground-sound-of-lisbon-so-get-up-samir-kuliev-re-edit-free-download/sets","url_text":"\"Uderground Sound Of Lisbon - So Get Up (Samir Kuliev Re-Edit) FREE DOWNLOAD\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Pagano 2015 Mix) by Underground Sound of Lisbon on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-pagano-2015-mix/6792736","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Pagano 2015 Mix) by Underground Sound of Lisbon on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Pagano 2015 Dub) by Underground Sound of Lisbon on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-pagano-2015-dub/6792737","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Pagano 2015 Dub) by Underground Sound of Lisbon on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Original Mix) by Cosmic Gate on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-original-mix/6766611","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Original Mix) by Cosmic Gate on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"It's Upon Us (Original Mix) by Felo Rueda on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/its-upon-us-original-mix/6190197","url_text":"\"It's Upon Us (Original Mix) by Felo Rueda on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"I'll See You (Original Mix) by Felo Rueda on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/ill-see-you-original-mix/6190196","url_text":"\"I'll See You (Original Mix) by Felo Rueda on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget The Past (Original Mix) by Cubik, Checo Zac on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-original-mix/6676590","url_text":"\"Forget The Past (Original Mix) by Cubik, Checo Zac on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget The Past (Javas Remix) by Cubik, Checo Zac on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-javas-remix/6676591","url_text":"\"Forget The Past (Javas Remix) by Cubik, Checo Zac on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget The Past (J.M.Blex Remix) by Cubik, Checo Zac on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-j-m-blex-remix/6676592","url_text":"\"Forget The Past (J.M.Blex Remix) by Cubik, Checo Zac on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Radio Edit) by Maik Ibane on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-radio-edit/6098845","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Radio Edit) by Maik Ibane on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"The End Of The Earth from Raizo Muzik on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/release/the-end-of-the-earth/1535885","url_text":"\"The End Of The Earth from Raizo Muzik on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Original Mix) by Joseph LP on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. 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Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/belther-orbital-edit/6698131","url_text":"\"Belther (Orbital Edit) by Acti, Antolini on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"The End Of The Earth (So Get Up Full Vocal Mix) by Derek Marin on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/the-end-of-the-earth-so-get-up-full-vocal-mix/6990874","url_text":"\"The End Of The Earth (So Get Up Full Vocal Mix) by Derek Marin on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"End Of The Earth (Original Mix) by Djay D, Ozy & Ash on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/end-of-the-earth-original-mix/6776525","url_text":"\"End Of The Earth (Original Mix) by Djay D, Ozy & Ash on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Get Up (Original Mix) by Manu Kenton on Beatport\". Beatport.com. 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Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://soundcloud.com/d-ng-t-9/so-get-up-dj-dung-ti","url_text":"\"So Get Up ( Dj Dung Ti )\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Alex Di Stefano Extended Remix) by Cosmic Gate on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-alex-di-stefano-extended-remix/7776206","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Alex Di Stefano Extended Remix) by Cosmic Gate on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Alex Di Stefano Remix) by Cosmic Gate\". Beatport.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-alex-di-stefano-remix/7987138","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Alex Di Stefano Remix) by Cosmic Gate\""}]},{"reference":"\"Next Life (Original Mix) by Meat Katie on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. 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Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/next-life-original-mix/8449162","url_text":"\"Next Life (Original Mix) by Pepo, Pacho on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (22 Years of so Get Up) by Nell Silva on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-22-years-of-so-get-up/9025463","url_text":"\"So Get Up (22 Years of so Get Up) by Nell Silva on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get up (Vortex Version) [22 Years of so Get Up] (Original Mix) by Nell Silva on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-vortex-version-22-years-of-so-get-up-original-mix/9025464","url_text":"\"So Get up (Vortex Version) [22 Years of so Get Up] (Original Mix) by Nell Silva on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Original Version Remastered) by Nell Silva on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-original-version-remastered/8434595","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Original Version Remastered) by Nell Silva on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Original Vortex Version Remastered) by Nell Silva on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-original-vortex-version-remastered/8434599","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Original Vortex Version Remastered) by Nell Silva on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Belther (Orbital Edit) by Acti, Antolini on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/belther-orbital-edit/7591162","url_text":"\"Belther (Orbital Edit) by Acti, Antolini on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"The End Of The Earth (Original Mix) by DANTEE, Alternative Journey on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/the-end-of-the-earth-original-mix/8225422","url_text":"\"The End Of The Earth (Original Mix) by DANTEE, Alternative Journey on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"The End Of The Earth (Original Mix) by Swing Kings on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/the-end-of-the-earth-original-mix/7022428","url_text":"\"The End Of The Earth (Original Mix) by Swing Kings on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget The Past (Chris Drifter Remix) by ZRG on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-chris-drifter-remix/8122493","url_text":"\"Forget The Past (Chris Drifter Remix) by ZRG on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Get Up (Original Mix) by Dr Phunk on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/get-up-original-mix/8475544","url_text":"\"Get Up (Original Mix) by Dr Phunk on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Get Up (Original Mix) by Dani Villa, Rodri Vegas on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/get-up-original-mix/5288167","url_text":"\"Get Up (Original Mix) by Dani Villa, Rodri Vegas on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ithaka - So Get Up (The Lost Acapellas)\". Discogs. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/ITHAKA-So-Get-Up-The-Lost-Acapellas/release/9795323","url_text":"\"Ithaka - So Get Up (The Lost Acapellas)\""}]},{"reference":"\"THEE RUIFLIP \"All Turn to Dust\" (lyrics by Ithaka), by Dogmain records\". Dogmain records. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://dogmainrecords.bandcamp.com/track/so-get-up-usl-ithaka-thee-ruiflip-devotion-upwork","url_text":"\"THEE RUIFLIP \"All Turn to Dust\" (lyrics by Ithaka), by Dogmain records\""}]},{"reference":"\"Violet x BLEID x Caroline Lethô x EDND x Yen Sung - So Get Up feat. Belita, Maria Amor, Sonja (Underground Sound of Lisbon cover), by V/A\". Violet x Elles. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://internationalwomensday.bandcamp.com/track/violet-x-bleid-x-caroline-leth-x-ednd-x-yen-sung-so-get-up-feat-belita-maria-amor-sonja-underground-sound-of-lisbon-cover","url_text":"\"Violet x BLEID x Caroline Lethô x EDND x Yen Sung - So Get Up feat. Belita, Maria Amor, Sonja (Underground Sound of Lisbon cover), by V/A\""}]},{"reference":"\"Next Life (Original Mix) by Township Rebellion on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/next-life-original-mix/9509647","url_text":"\"Next Life (Original Mix) by Township Rebellion on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"1001Tracklists. \"Frankyeffe & Ithaka - So Get Up [PHOBIQ]\". 1001tracklists.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.1001tracklists.com/track/1v0u6bkp/frankyeffe-ithaka-so-get-up/index.html","url_text":"\"Frankyeffe & Ithaka - So Get Up [PHOBIQ]\""}]},{"reference":"\"Goodbye World (Original Mix) by Chaka & Marty on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/goodbye-world-original-mix/9494967","url_text":"\"Goodbye World (Original Mix) by Chaka & Marty on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget The Past from Fantomas Records on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/release/forget-the-past/2105260","url_text":"\"Forget The Past from Fantomas Records on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget the Past (Perfect Kombo Rmx) by MotivBreaks on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-perfect-kombo-rmx/9711315","url_text":"\"Forget the Past (Perfect Kombo Rmx) by MotivBreaks on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"The End of the Earth from Uxmal Records on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/release/the-end-of-the-earth/2125720","url_text":"\"The End of the Earth from Uxmal Records on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Have A Blast (Original Mix) by Omar Lopez on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/have-a-blast-original-mix/9706720","url_text":"\"Have A Blast (Original Mix) by Omar Lopez on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget the Past (DJ Kryst-Off & Bertrand Mix) by Neanderthal Phonogram\". Beatport.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-dj-kryst-off-and-bertrand-mix/9680544","url_text":"\"Forget the Past (DJ Kryst-Off & Bertrand Mix) by Neanderthal Phonogram\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget the Past (DJ Kryst-Off & Bertrand Edit) by Neanderthal Phonogram\". Beatport. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-dj-kryst-off-and-bertrand-edit/9680542","url_text":"\"Forget the Past (DJ Kryst-Off & Bertrand Edit) by Neanderthal Phonogram\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forget the Past (Pulsedriver Remix) by Neanderthal Phonogram on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/forget-the-past-pulsedriver-remix/9830713","url_text":"\"Forget the Past (Pulsedriver Remix) by Neanderthal Phonogram on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up (Original Mix) by Pirro on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up-original-mix/9155404","url_text":"\"So Get Up (Original Mix) by Pirro on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Get Up! (Original Mix) by Rab-Beat on Beatport\". www.beatport.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beatport.com/track/so-get-up%21-original-mix/9669821","url_text":"\"So Get Up! (Original Mix) by Rab-Beat on Beatport\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S.L. - So Get Up (Original & King Size Mix) by U.S.L. on Beatport\". Beatport.com. 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Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://earmilk.com/2015/10/22/armin-van-buuren-continues-down-the-road-to-next-album-with-embargo-collaboration-with-cosmic-gate/","url_text":"\"Armin van Buuren continues down the road to next album with \"Embargo\" collaboration with Cosmic Gate - EARMILK\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earmilk","url_text":"Earmilk"}]},{"reference":"\"DJ Vibe, Sergio Santos at Flash on Friday, May 15, 2015\". www.flashdc.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.flashdc.com/pages/details.aspx?id=NHd40CkAN1","url_text":"\"DJ Vibe, Sergio Santos at Flash on Friday, May 15, 2015\""}]},{"reference":"\"Os álbuns mais caros do hip hop português - Rimas e Batidas\". rimasebatidas.pt. 16 March 2017. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_Loves_Jazz | My Fair Lady Loves Jazz | ["1 Reception","2 Track listing","3 Personnel","4 References"] | 1964 studio album by Billy Taylor with Quincy JonesMy Fair Lady Loves JazzStudio album by Billy Taylor with Quincy JonesReleased1964RecordedJanuary 8 & 22, and February 5, 1957GenreJazzLength32:57LabelABC-Paramount, Impulse!Billy Taylor chronology
Cross Section(1956)
My Fair Lady Loves Jazz(1964)
The Billy Taylor Touch(1957)
Impulse! Reissue cover
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My Fair Lady Loves Jazz is an album by American jazz pianist Billy Taylor featuring performances of show tunes from the musical My Fair Lady recorded in 1957 and originally released on the ABC-Paramount label and rereleased Impulse! label in 1964 following the release of the film.
Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars calling it "one of the very best jazz interpretations of the classic score... Highly recommended".
Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic
Track listing
All compositions by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe
"Show Me" - 4:46
"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face" - 3:42
"With a Little Bit of Luck" - 4:31
"The Rain in Spain" - 3:02
"Get Me to the Church on Time" - 4:15
"Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" - 5:01
"I Could Have Danced All Night" - 4:00
"On the Street Where You Live" - 3:40
Recorded in New York City on Jersey on January 8 (track 2), January 22 (tracks 3, 6 & 8) and February 5 (tracks 1, 4, 5 & 7), 1957
Personnel
Billy Taylor – piano
Ernie Royal - trumpet
Don Elliott - trumpet, mellophone, vibes, bongos
Jimmy Cleveland - trombone
Jim Buffington - French horn
Don Butterfield (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5 & 7), Jay McAllister (tracks 3, 6 7 8) - tuba
Anthony Ortega - alto saxophone, tenor saxophone
Charlie Fowlkes - baritone saxophone, bass clarinet (tracks 2, 3, 6 & 8)
Al Casamenti - guitar
Earl May – bass
Ed Thigpen – drums
Quincy Jones - arranger, conductor
References
^ Impulse! Records discography accessed March 22, 2011
^ a b Yanow, S. Allmusic Review accessed March 22, 2011
vteBilly TaylorYears given are for the recording(s), not first release, unless stated otherwise.Studio albums
The Billy Taylor Touch (1951 & 1957)
Billy Taylor Trio (1952 & 1953)
Cross Section (1953 & 1954)
The Billy Taylor Trio with Candido (1954)
A Touch of Taylor (1955)
My Fair Lady Loves Jazz (1957)
The New Billy Taylor Trio (1957)
Taylor Made Jazz (1957)
One for Fun (1959)
Billy Taylor with Four Flutes (1959)
Warming Up! (1960)
Interlude (1961)
Kwamina (1961)
Impromptu (1962)
Sleeping Bee (1969)
Urban Griot (2000)
Live albums
Billy Taylor Trio at Town Hall (1954)
Uptown (1960)
I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Free (1967)
Reated articles
Charlie Parker 10th Memorial Concert
vteMy Fair Lady by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner (Lerner and Loewe)Characters
Eliza Doolittle
Source
Pygmalion (1913 play) by George Bernard Shaw
Pygmalion (1938 film) by George Bernard Shaw adapted by W. P. Lipscomb and Cecil Lewis
Films
My Fair Lady (1964 film)
The Opening of Misty Beethoven (1976)
Galatea (1977)
Man Pasand (1980)
Albums
My Fair Lady (1956 Broadway cast recording)
My Fair Lady (1956 Shelly Manne album)
My Fair Lady (1958 Oscar Peterson Trio album)
Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady (1963 album)
My Fair Lady Loves Jazz (1964 Billy Taylor album)
The Great Songs from "My Fair Lady" and Other Broadway Hits (1964 Andy Williams album)
Musical numbers
"Wouldn't It Be Loverly? "
"With a Little Bit of Luck"
"The Rain in Spain"
"I Could Have Danced All Night"
"On the Street Where You Live"
"Get Me to the Church on Time"
"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face"
Television
"My Fair Laddy"
"One If by Clam, Two If by Sea"
Selfie
Related
The Street Where I Live | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billy Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Taylor"},{"link_name":"show tunes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_tunes"},{"link_name":"My Fair Lady","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Fair_Lady"},{"link_name":"ABC-Paramount","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_Records"},{"link_name":"Impulse!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse!_Records"},{"link_name":"film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_(film)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Impulse!_Records_discography-1"}],"text":"My Fair Lady Loves Jazz is an album by American jazz pianist Billy Taylor featuring performances of show tunes from the musical My Fair Lady recorded in 1957 and originally released on the ABC-Paramount label and rereleased Impulse! label in 1964 following the release of the film.[1]","title":"My Fair Lady Loves Jazz"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Allmusic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmusic"},{"link_name":"Scott Yanow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Yanow"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Allmusic-2"}],"text":"The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars calling it \"one of the very best jazz interpretations of the classic score... Highly recommended\".[2]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ve_Grown_Accustomed_to_Her_Face"},{"link_name":"The Rain in Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rain_in_Spain"},{"link_name":"Get Me to the Church on Time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Me_to_the_Church_on_Time"},{"link_name":"Wouldn't It Be Loverly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wouldn%27t_It_Be_Loverly"},{"link_name":"I Could Have Danced All Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Could_Have_Danced_All_Night"},{"link_name":"On the Street Where You Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Street_Where_You_Live"}],"text":"All compositions by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe\"Show Me\" - 4:46\n\"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face\" - 3:42\n\"With a Little Bit of Luck\" - 4:31\n\"The Rain in Spain\" - 3:02\n\"Get Me to the Church on Time\" - 4:15\n\"Wouldn't It Be Loverly?\" - 5:01\n\"I Could Have Danced All Night\" - 4:00\n\"On the Street Where You Live\" - 3:40Recorded in New York City on Jersey on January 8 (track 2), January 22 (tracks 3, 6 & 8) and February 5 (tracks 1, 4, 5 & 7), 1957","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billy Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Taylor"},{"link_name":"piano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano"},{"link_name":"Ernie Royal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Royal"},{"link_name":"trumpet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet"},{"link_name":"Don Elliott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Elliott"},{"link_name":"mellophone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellophone"},{"link_name":"vibes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibraphone"},{"link_name":"bongos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongo_drum"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Cleveland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Cleveland"},{"link_name":"trombone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombone"},{"link_name":"Jim Buffington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buffington"},{"link_name":"French horn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_horn"},{"link_name":"Don Butterfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Butterfield"},{"link_name":"tuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuba"},{"link_name":"alto saxophone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_saxophone"},{"link_name":"tenor saxophone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenor_saxophone"},{"link_name":"Charlie Fowlkes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fowlkes"},{"link_name":"baritone saxophone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone_saxophone"},{"link_name":"bass clarinet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_clarinet"},{"link_name":"guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar"},{"link_name":"Earl May","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_May"},{"link_name":"bass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bass"},{"link_name":"Ed Thigpen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Thigpen"},{"link_name":"drums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_kit"},{"link_name":"Quincy Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincy_Jones"},{"link_name":"arranger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement"},{"link_name":"conductor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conducting"}],"text":"Billy Taylor – piano\nErnie Royal - trumpet\nDon Elliott - trumpet, mellophone, vibes, bongos\nJimmy Cleveland - trombone\nJim Buffington - French horn\nDon Butterfield (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5 & 7), Jay McAllister (tracks 3, 6 7 8) - tuba\nAnthony Ortega - alto saxophone, tenor saxophone\nCharlie Fowlkes - baritone saxophone, bass clarinet (tracks 2, 3, 6 & 8)\nAl Casamenti - guitar\nEarl May – bass\nEd Thigpen – drums\nQuincy Jones - arranger, conductor","title":"Personnel"}] | [] | null | [] | [{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22My+Fair+Lady+Loves+Jazz%22","external_links_name":"\"My Fair Lady Loves Jazz\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22My+Fair+Lady+Loves+Jazz%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22My+Fair+Lady+Loves+Jazz%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22My+Fair+Lady+Loves+Jazz%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22My+Fair+Lady+Loves+Jazz%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22My+Fair+Lady+Loves+Jazz%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"http://www.jazzdisco.org/impulse-records/catalog-9000-series/#a-72","external_links_name":"Impulse! 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain | Umm Al Quwain | ["1 Etymology","2 Economy","3 See also","4 References"] | Coordinates: 25°33′12″N 55°32′51″E / 25.55333°N 55.54750°E / 25.55333; 55.54750Capital and largest city of the Emirate of Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates.
This article is about the city. For the eponymous emirate, see Emirate of Umm Al Quwain.
City in United Arab EmiratesUmm Al Quwain
أم القيوينCityUmm Al QuwainClockwise from top: Mangroves with the skyline in background, Falaj Al Mualla Tower, Umm Al Quwain Fort
FlagSealCoat of armsWordmarkUmm Al QuwainLocation of Umm Al Quwain within UAEShow map of United Arab EmiratesUmm Al QuwainUmm Al Quwain (Persian Gulf)Show map of Persian GulfCoordinates: 25°33′12″N 55°32′51″E / 25.55333°N 55.54750°E / 25.55333; 55.54750CountryUnited Arab EmiratesEmirateUmm Al QuwainGovernment • TypeMunicipality • RulerSheikh Saud bin Rashid Al MuallaPopulation (2022) • Total59,098GDP • MetroUS$ 0.7 billion (2023) • Per capitaUS$ 7,700 (2023)Time zoneUTC+4 (UAE Standard Time)
Umm Al Quwain (UAQ; Arabic: أم القيوين, pronounced: /ʔumː alqejˈwejn/, Gulf arabic: ,) is the capital and largest city of the Emirate of Umm Al Quwain in the United Arab Emirates. Its ruling royal family are the Al Mualla.
The city is located on the peninsula of Khor Al Bidiyah, with the nearest major cities being Sharjah to the southwest and Ras Al Khaimah to the northeast. There are mangroves outside the city along the coast, with the local economy being largely fishing and tourism.
The ruling family descends from the Al Mualla lineage of the Al Ali tribe, which moved from Siniyah Island due to scarce water and established an independent Sheikhdom in Umm Al Quwain. Umm Al Quwain is now ruled by Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla. He became the Ruler and a member of the Supreme Council on the 2nd of January, 2009.
In March of 2023, the Umm Al Quwain Department of Tourism and Archaeology announced the discovery of the oldest known pearling town in the Persian Gulf, on Siniyah Island.
Etymology
Many theories have been established on the etymology of the name Umm Al Quwain. The most well known and accepted theory is that the name means "mother of the two powers", from the phrase "Umm Al Quwatain" (Arabic: ام القوتين, romanized: Umm Al Quwatain, lit. 'Mother of the two powers'). The two powers here are usually known as the two forms of geographical powers. Locals of the city believe Umm Al Quwain's meaning indicates the richness of activities both on land and water.
Economy
The city of Umm Al Quwain's economy depends on revenue from hotels, parks, tourism, fisheries, trading activities, manufacturing, as well as the Umm Al Quwain Free Zone. The Umm Al Quwain government has launched several programs to attract investment, and to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the fisheries sector in to the city. Umm Al Quwain is said to offer a stable economy, open investment climate, low costs of living and labor, and a great destination for imports and exports.
Statistics recently issued by the Umm Al Quwain Chamber of Commerce and Industry indicate a significant increase in the number of commercial and service establishments based in Umm Al Quwain. The establishment of many factories in the free zone and outside, the development of transportation and internal highways that connect the city to other cities, has effectively contributed to the economy and has contributed to stimulating imports and exports of Umm Al Quwain.
See also
Umm Al Quwain University
References
^ "Umm Al Quwain population 2022-2023".
^ "TelluBase—UAE Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
^ "About Umm Al Quwain". u.ae. United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
^ "Umm Al Quwain's ruling family and tribe". u.ae. United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
^ "Pearls, oyster shells, pots: What was found in UAE's oldest pearling town discovered in Umm Al Quwain". United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
^ "Umm Al Quwain Meaning History Facts And Tourism". futurearab.com. 22 November 2017. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
^ "Umm Al Quwain's economy". United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 29 January 2024..
vte Emirate of Umm Al QuwainPopulated places
Al Rafaah
Al Salamah
Falaj Al Mualla
Labsah
Umm Al Quwain
Geographical features
Khawr al Baydah
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
Other
İslâm Ansiklopedisi
This United Arab Emirates location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Emirate of Umm Al Quwain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain"},{"link_name":"Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic"},{"link_name":"/ʔumː alqejˈwejn/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology"},{"link_name":"[ʔʊm͜ː 'æl ge̞ˈwe̞n]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Arabic"},{"link_name":"Emirate of Umm Al Quwain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain"},{"link_name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates"},{"link_name":"Al Mualla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Mualla"},{"link_name":"peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Sharjah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharjah"},{"link_name":"Ras Al Khaimah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah_(city)"},{"link_name":"mangroves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangroves"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Siniyah Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siniyah_Island"},{"link_name":"Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saud_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"pearling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_hunting"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Capital and largest city of the Emirate of Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates.This article is about the city. For the eponymous emirate, see Emirate of Umm Al Quwain.City in United Arab EmiratesUmm Al Quwain (UAQ; Arabic: أم القيوين, pronounced: /ʔumː alqejˈwejn/, Gulf arabic: [ʔʊm͜ː 'æl ge̞ˈwe̞n],) is the capital and largest city of the Emirate of Umm Al Quwain in the United Arab Emirates. Its ruling royal family are the Al Mualla.The city is located on the peninsula of Khor Al Bidiyah, with the nearest major cities being Sharjah to the southwest and Ras Al Khaimah to the northeast. There are mangroves outside the city along the coast, with the local economy being largely fishing and tourism.[3]The ruling family descends from the Al Mualla lineage of the Al Ali tribe, which moved from Siniyah Island due to scarce water and established an independent Sheikhdom in Umm Al Quwain. Umm Al Quwain is now ruled by Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla. He became the Ruler and a member of the Supreme Council on the 2nd of January, 2009. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_RZ_engine | Toyota RZ engine | ["1 1RZ","1.1 1RZ-E","2 2RZ","2.1 2RZ-E","2.2 2RZ-FE","3 3RZ","3.1 3RZ-FE","4 See also","5 References"] | This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Toyota RZ engine" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
Toyota RZ engineOverviewManufacturerToyota Motor CorporationProduction1989–2004LayoutConfigurationNaturally aspirated Straight-4Cylinder bore86 mm (3.39 in)95 mm (3.74 in)Piston stroke86 mm (3.39 in)95 mm (3.74 in)Cylinder block materialCast ironCylinder head materialAluminumRPM rangeMax. engine speed5,500CombustionFuel systemElectronic fuel injectionFuel typeGasolineCooling systemWater-cooledOutputPower output101–150 hp (75–112 kW; 102–152 PS)Torque output118–177 lb⋅ft (160–240 N⋅m)ChronologyPredecessorToyota K engineToyota Y engineSuccessorToyota TR engine
The Toyota RZ engine family is a straight-four piston engine series built in Japan. The RZ series uses a cast-iron engine block and aluminum SOHC or DOHC cylinder heads. It has electronic fuel injection (EFI), 2 or 4 valves per cylinder and features forged steel connecting rods.
1RZ
The 1RZ is a 2.0 L (1,998 cc) version built from 1989. Bore and stroke is 86 mm × 86 mm (3.39 in × 3.39 in). The original carburetted model in Japanese trim produces 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 5,400 rpm and maximum torque of 162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 prm.
Applications:
1989–1993 Toyota HiAce
1RZ-E
The 1RZ-E is the fuel-injected version of the 1RZ. With a compression ratio of 9.0:1 and in Japanese trim, output is 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 5,200 rpm and maximum torque of 167 N⋅m (123 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 prm. With redline at 5,500 rpm.
Applications:
1989–2004 Toyota HiAce Van, Wagon
1998–2001 Toyota Hilux
2000–2004 Toyota Kijang/Revo/Venture
2RZ
The 2RZ is a 2.4 L (2,438 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 86 mm (3.74 in × 3.39 in); a variety of combination of heads and fuel delivery systems were available.
2RZ-E
2RZ-E Engine in a 1994 Toyota HiAce (RZH101G)
This is an SOHC engine with two valves per cylinder. Valve adjustment is by shim over bucket. Output is 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 4800 rpm with 146 lb⋅ft (198N⋅m) of torque at 2600 rpm. Originally manufactured with a carburetor induction system, it was later upgraded to Electronic Fuel Injection, with the -E suffix added to the engine designation. Toyota specified unleaded fuel with a rating of at least 91 RON in Australia.
Applications:
1989–2004 Toyota HiAce (encompassing the RZH1xx series)
2RZ-FE
The 2RZ-FE, and 4RB1 or 4RB2 in China, is a 2.4 L (2,438 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 86 mm (3.74 in × 3.39 in). Compression ratio is 9.5:1. Output is 142 hp (106 kW; 144 PS) at 5000 rpm with 160 lb⋅ft (217 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm. This engine does not feature balance shafts. It has four valves per cylinder and DOHC. Valve adjustment is by shim over bucket. The 2RZ-FE is an interference engine with a timing chain. A 2.2 L (2,185 cc) version called the 4RB3 is also manufactured in China. This one has a bore and stroke of 91 mm × 84 mm (3.58 in × 3.31 in), while sharing the 2RZ's 102.5 mm (4.04 in) bore spacing.
Applications:
1995–2004 Toyota Tacoma 4x2
1998–2004 Toyota Hilux
1999-2006 ARO 24 Series
3RZ
3RZ-FE
The 3RZ-FE is a 2.7 L (2,693 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 95 mm (3.74 in × 3.74 in). Compression ratio is 9.5:1. Output is 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) at 4800 rpm with 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm. This engine features twin, chain-driven balance shafts. It has four valves per cylinder and DOHC. Valve adjustment is by shim over bucket. The 3RZ-FE is an interference engine with a timing chain.
3RZ-FE in a Toyota Tacoma
Applications:
1995–2004 Toyota Tacoma
1996–2000 Toyota 4Runner
1994–1998 Toyota T100
1995–2002 Granvia
1995–2004 Toyota Hilux
1990–2004 Toyota HiAce
2001–2009 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (Venezuela)
1996–2004 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
1998–2002 Toyota Touring Hiace
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toyota RZ engines.
List of Toyota engines
References | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Toyota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota"},{"link_name":"straight-four","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline-four_engine"},{"link_name":"piston engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston_engine"},{"link_name":"SOHC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_overhead_camshaft"},{"link_name":"DOHC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_overhead_camshaft"},{"link_name":"cylinder heads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_head"},{"link_name":"electronic fuel injection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_fuel_injection"},{"link_name":"4 valves per cylinder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-valve#Four_valves"},{"link_name":"forged steel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forged_steel"},{"link_name":"connecting rods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecting_rod"}],"text":"Reciprocating internal combustion engineThe Toyota RZ engine family is a straight-four piston engine series built in Japan. The RZ series uses a cast-iron engine block and aluminum SOHC or DOHC cylinder heads. It has electronic fuel injection (EFI), 2 or 4 valves per cylinder and features forged steel connecting rods.","title":"Toyota RZ engine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Toyota HiAce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_HiAce"}],"text":"The 1RZ is a 2.0 L (1,998 cc) version built from 1989. Bore and stroke is 86 mm × 86 mm (3.39 in × 3.39 in). The original carburetted model in Japanese trim produces 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 5,400 rpm and maximum torque of 162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 prm.Applications:1989–1993 Toyota HiAce","title":"1RZ"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Toyota HiAce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_HiAce"},{"link_name":"Toyota Hilux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Hilux"},{"link_name":"Toyota Kijang/Revo/Venture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Kijang"}],"sub_title":"1RZ-E","text":"The 1RZ-E is the fuel-injected version of the 1RZ. With a compression ratio of 9.0:1 and in Japanese trim, output is 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 5,200 rpm and maximum torque of 167 N⋅m (123 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 prm. With redline at 5,500 rpm.Applications:1989–2004 Toyota HiAce Van, Wagon\n1998–2001 Toyota Hilux\n2000–2004 Toyota Kijang/Revo/Venture","title":"1RZ"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The 2RZ is a 2.4 L (2,438 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 86 mm (3.74 in × 3.39 in); a variety of combination of heads and fuel delivery systems were available.","title":"2RZ"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2RZ-E_engine_in_1994_Hiace_Wagon_Super_Custom.jpg"},{"link_name":"RON","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#RON"},{"link_name":"Toyota HiAce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_HiAce"}],"sub_title":"2RZ-E","text":"2RZ-E Engine in a 1994 Toyota HiAce (RZH101G)This is an SOHC engine with two valves per cylinder. Valve adjustment is by shim over bucket. Output is 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 4800 rpm with 146 lb⋅ft (198N⋅m) of torque at 2600 rpm. Originally manufactured with a carburetor induction system, it was later upgraded to Electronic Fuel Injection, with the -E suffix added to the engine designation. Toyota specified unleaded fuel with a rating of at least 91 RON in Australia.Applications:1989–2004 Toyota HiAce (encompassing the RZH1xx series)","title":"2RZ"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"balance shafts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_shaft"},{"link_name":"interference engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference_engine"},{"link_name":"Toyota Tacoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Tacoma"},{"link_name":"Toyota Hilux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Hilux"},{"link_name":"ARO 24 Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARO_24_Series"}],"sub_title":"2RZ-FE","text":"The 2RZ-FE, and 4RB1 or 4RB2 in China, is a 2.4 L (2,438 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 86 mm (3.74 in × 3.39 in). Compression ratio is 9.5:1. Output is 142 hp (106 kW; 144 PS) at 5000 rpm with 160 lb⋅ft (217 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm. This engine does not feature balance shafts. It has four valves per cylinder and DOHC. Valve adjustment is by shim over bucket. The 2RZ-FE is an interference engine with a timing chain. A 2.2 L (2,185 cc) version called the 4RB3 is also manufactured in China. This one has a bore and stroke of 91 mm × 84 mm (3.58 in × 3.31 in), while sharing the 2RZ's 102.5 mm (4.04 in) bore spacing.Applications:1995–2004 Toyota Tacoma 4x2\n1998–2004 Toyota Hilux\n1999-2006 ARO 24 Series","title":"2RZ"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"3RZ"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"balance shafts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_shaft"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:4cylT100.JPG"},{"link_name":"Toyota Tacoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Tacoma"},{"link_name":"Toyota 4Runner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_4Runner"},{"link_name":"Toyota T100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_T100"},{"link_name":"Granvia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_HiAce#Granvia"},{"link_name":"Toyota Hilux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Hilux"},{"link_name":"Toyota HiAce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_HiAce"},{"link_name":"Toyota Land Cruiser Prado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_Prado"},{"link_name":"Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Toyota Land Cruiser Prado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_Prado"}],"sub_title":"3RZ-FE","text":"The 3RZ-FE is a 2.7 L (2,693 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 95 mm (3.74 in × 3.74 in). Compression ratio is 9.5:1. Output is 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) at 4800 rpm with 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm. This engine features twin, chain-driven balance shafts. It has four valves per cylinder and DOHC. Valve adjustment is by shim over bucket. The 3RZ-FE is an interference engine with a timing chain.3RZ-FE in a Toyota TacomaApplications:1995–2004 Toyota Tacoma\n1996–2000 Toyota 4Runner\n1994–1998 Toyota T100\n1995–2002 Granvia\n1995–2004 Toyota Hilux\n1990–2004 Toyota HiAce\n2001–2009 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (Venezuela)[citation needed]\n1996–2004 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado\n1998–2002 Toyota Touring Hiace","title":"3RZ"}] | [{"image_text":"2RZ-E Engine in a 1994 Toyota HiAce (RZH101G)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2RZ-E_engine_in_1994_Hiace_Wagon_Super_Custom.jpg/220px-2RZ-E_engine_in_1994_Hiace_Wagon_Super_Custom.jpg"},{"image_text":"3RZ-FE in a Toyota Tacoma","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/4cylT100.JPG/220px-4cylT100.JPG"}] | [{"title":"Toyota RZ engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toyota_RZ_engines"},{"title":"List of Toyota engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Toyota_engines"}] | [] | [{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Toyota+RZ+engine%22","external_links_name":"\"Toyota RZ engine\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Toyota+RZ+engine%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Toyota+RZ+engine%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Toyota+RZ+engine%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Toyota+RZ+engine%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Toyota+RZ+engine%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farthinghoe_railway_station | Farthinghoe railway station | ["1 History","2 Routes","3 Present day","4 References","5 Sources","6 External links"] | Coordinates: 52°03′33″N 1°14′24″W / 52.0593°N 1.2401°W / 52.0593; -1.2401Former railway station in Northamptonshire, England
FarthinghoeStation in 1959.General informationLocationFarthinghoe, West NorthamptonshireEnglandGrid referenceSP522403Platforms1Other informationStatusDisusedHistoryOriginal companyBuckinghamshire RailwayPre-groupingLondon and North Western RailwayPost-groupingLondon, Midland and Scottish Railway London Midland Region of British RailwaysKey datesc. October 1851Opened3 November 1952Closed to passengers2 December 1963Closed to goods
Farthinghoe was a railway station which served the Northamptonshire village of Farthinghoe in England. It opened in 1851 as part of the Buckinghamshire Railway's branch line to Verney Junction which provided connections to Bletchley and Oxford and closed in 1963.
History
Situated in an isolated location over a mile from the village from which it took its name - and further still from two others it was supposed to serve: Greatworth and Middleton Cheney - Farthinghoe station first appeared in timetables in October 1851. Its precise opening date is unknown, but was almost certainly within one year of the line's inauguration.
The Buckinghamshire Railway provided basic facilities which consisted of a single wooden platform and solitary goods siding on the up side of the line. The main station building, a part-timber and part-brick structure in an "H" shape, was of unusual construction, with the main ticket office and booking hall housed in a one-storey weather-boarded wing with a steeply-pitched gable roof which projected over the platform as a sort of makeshift canopy. The stationmaster occupied an adjacent two-storey building which was linked with the ticket office by a two-storey tile-hung central block which contained a waiting room. The style of construction can be explained by the Buckingham Railway's need to save on costs in the face of an economic crisis.
The station boasted limited goods facilities, with a cattle dock and weigh bridge provided for the mainly agricultural traffic. Until the mid-1930s, goods trains would shunt the siding daily with regular loads of pink roadstone granite as well as coal for W. Palmer & Son, local coal merchants. The Second World War saw Farthinghoe handle ammunition destined for the RAF's Hinton-in-the-Hedges Airfield.
Station location in 1992
Farthinghoe station was situated on the busiest section of the line, the 5+1⁄2-mile (8.9 km) stretch from Merton Street to Cockley Brake, where there was a junction with the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway (SMJ). Opened on 1 June 1872, the section provided connections to Towcester and Blisworth. The LNWR and SMJ jointly served Farthinghoe and Merton Street until they were absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on 1 January 1923 upon the railway grouping. The station lost its stationmaster from 1930 and came under the control of Banbury, only 3½ miles away. Former SMJ passenger services were withdrawn as from 2 July 1951. Farthinghoe was itself to close to passengers the following year.
Routes
A 1911 Railway Clearing House map of railways in the vicinity of Farthinghoe (lower left, in red)
Preceding station
Disused railways
Following station
Banbury Merton StreetLine and station closed
London and North Western RailwayBanbury to Verney Junction Branch Line
BrackleyLine and station closed
Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction RailwayNorthampton and Banbury Junction Railway
Helmdon VillageLine and station closed
Present day
The station buildings have been demolished and replaced by a council dump and pulveriser plant. One feature has, however, survived - a plum tree which stood in the stationmaster's garden. The meadow which adjoined the station and which was used for holding cattle and sheep prior to transfer to Banbury Market is now part of Farthinghoe Nature Reserve.
References
^ a b c Subterranea Britannica, "Farthinghoe", 30 March 2006.
^ Butt, R.V.J., p. 95.
^ Clinker, C.R., p. 47.
^ a b Simpson, B., p. 73.
^ Kingscott, G., p. 61.
^ Jenkins, S.C., p. 83.
^ Simpson, B., p. 78.
^ Davies, R. and Grant, M.D., p. 103.
^ a b Davies, R. and Grant, M.D., p. 104.
^ Kingscott, G., p. 62.
^ Davies, R. and Grant, M.D., p. 221.
^ Howarth, R., "Tales of Northamptonshire's lost railway lines", icNorthants, 15 October 2008.
^ "Banbury Guardian, "Farthinghoe"". Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
^ Kingscott, G., p. 66.
Sources
Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
Clinker, C.R. (October 1978). Clinker's Register of Closed Passenger Stations and Goods Depots in England, Scotland and Wales 1830-1977. Bristol, Avon: Avon-AngliA Publications & Services. ISBN 0-905466-19-5.
Davies, R.; Grant, M.D. (1984). Forgotten Railways: Chilterns and Cotswolds. Newton Abbot, Devon: David St John Thomas. ISBN 0-946537-07-0.
Jenkins, Stanley C. (1990). The Northampton & Banbury Junction Railway. Headington, Oxfordshire: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-390-7.
Kingscott, Geoffrey (2008). Lost Railways of Northamptonshire (Lost Railways Series). Newbury, Berkshire: Countryside Books. ISBN 978-1-84674-108-1.
Simpson, Bill (1994). Banbury to Verney Junction Branch. Banbury, Oxfordshire: Lamplight Publications. ISBN 978-1-899246-00-7.
External links
Image of the station site
52°03′33″N 1°14′24″W / 52.0593°N 1.2401°W / 52.0593; -1.2401
vteClosed railway stations in NorthamptonshireNorthampton–Market Harborough line
Clipston and Oxendon
Kelmarsh
Lamport
Brixworth
Spratton
Pitsford and Brampton
Banbury to Blisworth
Farthinghoe
Helmdon Village
Wappenham
Towcester
Tiffield
Stratford-upon-Avon & Midland Junc Rly
Byfield
Morton Pinkney
Blakesley
Stoke Bruern
Salcey Forest
Northampton and Peterborough Railway
Northampton Bridge Street
Billing
Castle Ashby & Earls Barton
Wellingborough London Road
Ditchford
Irthlingborough
Ringstead & Addington
Thrapston Bridge Street
Thorpe
Barnwell
Oundle
Rugby to Peterborough East
Wakerley and Barrowden
King's Cliffe
Nassington
Market Harborough to Bedford
Desborough
Glendon and Rushton
Isham & Burton Latimer
Finedon
Irchester
Higham Ferrers branch
Rushden
Higham Ferrers
Great Central Main Line
Charwelton
Woodford Halse
Culworth
Helmdon
Brackley Central
Eydon Road Halt
Northampton loop
Kilsby & Crick
Althorp Park
Church Brampton
Rugby–Bletchley
Welton
Weedon
Blisworth
Roade
Kettering–Huntingdon
Cranford
Twywell
Thrapston Midland Road
Raunds
Kettering–Melton Mowbray
Geddington
Gretton
Harringworth
Rugby and Stamford Railway
Yelvertoft & Stanford Park
Weedon–Marton Junction
Daventry
Braunston
Other stations
Ashley & Weston
Aynho Park
Aynho for Deddington
Brackley Town
Northampton St. John's Street
Piddington | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_station"},{"link_name":"Northamptonshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northamptonshire"},{"link_name":"Farthinghoe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farthinghoe"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Buckinghamshire Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Railway"},{"link_name":"branch line to Verney Junction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury_to_Verney_Junction_Branch_Line"},{"link_name":"Bletchley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bletchley"},{"link_name":"Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford"}],"text":"Former railway station in Northamptonshire, EnglandFarthinghoe was a railway station which served the Northamptonshire village of Farthinghoe in England. It opened in 1851 as part of the Buckinghamshire Railway's branch line to Verney Junction which provided connections to Bletchley and Oxford and closed in 1963.","title":"Farthinghoe railway station"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Simpson,_B.,_p._73-4"},{"link_name":"Greatworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatworth"},{"link_name":"Middleton Cheney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleton_Cheney"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-subbrit-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Simpson,_B.,_p._73-4"},{"link_name":"goods siding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_siding"},{"link_name":"up side","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_direction#United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"weather-boarded","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherboarding"},{"link_name":"gable","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gable"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"weigh bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck_scale#Rail_weighbridge"},{"link_name":"pink roadstone granite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone"},{"link_name":"coal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal"},{"link_name":"coal merchants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_merchant"},{"link_name":"Second World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War"},{"link_name":"RAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF"},{"link_name":"Hinton-in-the-Hedges Airfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinton-in-the-Hedges_Airfield"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Farthinghoe_station_site_geograph-3514113-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg"},{"link_name":"Merton Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury_Merton_Street_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon_and_Midland_Junction_Railway"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Towcester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towcester_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Blisworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blisworth_railway_station"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Davies,_R_p._104-9"},{"link_name":"London, Midland and Scottish Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway"},{"link_name":"railway grouping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railways_Act_1921"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Davies,_R_p._104-9"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Situated in an isolated location over a mile from the village from which it took its name[4] - and further still from two others it was supposed to serve: Greatworth and Middleton Cheney[5] - Farthinghoe station first appeared in timetables in October 1851.[1] Its precise opening date is unknown, but was almost certainly within one year of the line's inauguration.[4]The Buckinghamshire Railway provided basic facilities which consisted of a single wooden platform and solitary goods siding on the up side of the line. The main station building, a part-timber and part-brick structure in an \"H\" shape, was of unusual construction, with the main ticket office and booking hall housed in a one-storey weather-boarded wing with a steeply-pitched gable roof which projected over the platform as a sort of makeshift canopy. The stationmaster occupied an adjacent two-storey building which was linked with the ticket office by a two-storey tile-hung central block which contained a waiting room. The style of construction can be explained by the Buckingham Railway's need to save on costs in the face of an economic crisis.[6]The station boasted limited goods facilities, with a cattle dock and weigh bridge provided for the mainly agricultural traffic. Until the mid-1930s, goods trains would shunt the siding daily with regular loads of pink roadstone granite as well as coal for W. Palmer & Son, local coal merchants. The Second World War saw Farthinghoe handle ammunition destined for the RAF's Hinton-in-the-Hedges Airfield.[7]Station location in 1992Farthinghoe station was situated on the busiest section of the line, the 5+1⁄2-mile (8.9 km) stretch from Merton Street to Cockley Brake, where there was a junction with the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway (SMJ).[8] Opened on 1 June 1872, the section provided connections to Towcester and Blisworth.[9] The LNWR and SMJ jointly served Farthinghoe and Merton Street until they were absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on 1 January 1923 upon the railway grouping. The station lost its stationmaster from 1930 and came under the control of Banbury, only 3½ miles away.[10] Former SMJ passenger services were withdrawn as from 2 July 1951.[9] Farthinghoe was itself to close to passengers the following year.[11]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banbury,_Blisworth,_Cockley_Brake,_Fenny_Compton,_Northampton,_Ravenstone_Wood,Roade,_Stratford_on_Avon,_Towcester,_%26_Woodford_%26_Hinton_RJD_2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Railway Clearing House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Clearing_House"}],"text":"A 1911 Railway Clearing House map of railways in the vicinity of Farthinghoe (lower left, in red)","title":"Routes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill"},{"link_name":"pulveriser plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulverizer"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-subbrit-1"},{"link_name":"plum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Nature Reserve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_Reserve"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"The station buildings have been demolished and replaced by a council dump and pulveriser plant.[1] One feature has, however, survived - a plum tree which stood in the stationmaster's garden.[12] The meadow which adjoined the station and which was used for holding cattle and sheep prior to transfer to Banbury Market is now part of Farthinghoe Nature Reserve.[13][14]","title":"Present day"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Butt, R. V. J.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Butt"},{"link_name":"The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=IwANAAAACAAJ"},{"link_name":"Sparkford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkford"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-85260-508-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-508-7"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"60251199","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/60251199"},{"link_name":"OL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OL_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11956311M","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//openlibrary.org/books/OL11956311M"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-905466-19-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905466-19-5"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-946537-07-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946537-07-0"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-85361-390-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85361-390-7"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-84674-108-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84674-108-1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-899246-00-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-899246-00-7"}],"text":"Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.\nClinker, C.R. (October 1978). Clinker's Register of Closed Passenger Stations and Goods Depots in England, Scotland and Wales 1830-1977. Bristol, Avon: Avon-AngliA Publications & Services. ISBN 0-905466-19-5.\nDavies, R.; Grant, M.D. (1984). Forgotten Railways: Chilterns and Cotswolds. Newton Abbot, Devon: David St John Thomas. ISBN 0-946537-07-0.\nJenkins, Stanley C. (1990). The Northampton & Banbury Junction Railway. Headington, Oxfordshire: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-390-7.\nKingscott, Geoffrey (2008). Lost Railways of Northamptonshire (Lost Railways Series). Newbury, Berkshire: Countryside Books. ISBN 978-1-84674-108-1.\nSimpson, Bill (1994). Banbury to Verney Junction Branch. Banbury, Oxfordshire: Lamplight Publications. ISBN 978-1-899246-00-7.","title":"Sources"}] | [{"image_text":"Station location in 1992","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Farthinghoe_station_site_geograph-3514113-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/220px-Farthinghoe_station_site_geograph-3514113-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg"},{"image_text":"A 1911 Railway Clearing House map of railways in the vicinity of Farthinghoe (lower left, in red)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Banbury%2C_Blisworth%2C_Cockley_Brake%2C_Fenny_Compton%2C_Northampton%2C_Ravenstone_Wood%2CRoade%2C_Stratford_on_Avon%2C_Towcester%2C_%26_Woodford_%26_Hinton_RJD_2.jpg/220px-Banbury%2C_Blisworth%2C_Cockley_Brake%2C_Fenny_Compton%2C_Northampton%2C_Ravenstone_Wood%2CRoade%2C_Stratford_on_Avon%2C_Towcester%2C_%26_Woodford_%26_Hinton_RJD_2.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Banbury Guardian, \"Farthinghoe\"\". Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 16 December 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070808014208/http://www.banburyguardian.co.uk/CustomPages/CustomPage.aspx?pageid=18181","url_text":"\"Banbury Guardian, \"Farthinghoe\"\""},{"url":"http://www.banburyguardian.co.uk/CustomPages/CustomPage.aspx?pageid=18181","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Butt","url_text":"Butt, R. V. J."},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=IwANAAAACAAJ","url_text":"The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkford","url_text":"Sparkford"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-508-7","url_text":"978-1-85260-508-7"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60251199","url_text":"60251199"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OL_(identifier)","url_text":"OL"},{"url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11956311M","url_text":"11956311M"}]},{"reference":"Clinker, C.R. (October 1978). Clinker's Register of Closed Passenger Stations and Goods Depots in England, Scotland and Wales 1830-1977. Bristol, Avon: Avon-AngliA Publications & Services. ISBN 0-905466-19-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905466-19-5","url_text":"0-905466-19-5"}]},{"reference":"Davies, R.; Grant, M.D. (1984). Forgotten Railways: Chilterns and Cotswolds. Newton Abbot, Devon: David St John Thomas. ISBN 0-946537-07-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946537-07-0","url_text":"0-946537-07-0"}]},{"reference":"Jenkins, Stanley C. (1990). The Northampton & Banbury Junction Railway. Headington, Oxfordshire: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-390-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85361-390-7","url_text":"0-85361-390-7"}]},{"reference":"Kingscott, Geoffrey (2008). Lost Railways of Northamptonshire (Lost Railways Series). Newbury, Berkshire: Countryside Books. ISBN 978-1-84674-108-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84674-108-1","url_text":"978-1-84674-108-1"}]},{"reference":"Simpson, Bill (1994). Banbury to Verney Junction Branch. Banbury, Oxfordshire: Lamplight Publications. ISBN 978-1-899246-00-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-899246-00-7","url_text":"978-1-899246-00-7"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Farthinghoe_railway_station¶ms=52.0593_N_1.2401_W_type:railwaystation_region:GB","external_links_name":"52°03′33″N 1°14′24″W / 52.0593°N 1.2401°W / 52.0593; -1.2401"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Farthinghoe_railway_station¶ms=52.058630_N_1.240061_W_region:GB_scale:25000&title=SP522403","external_links_name":"SP522403"},{"Link":"http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/stations/f/farthinghoe/index.shtml","external_links_name":"Subterranea Britannica, \"Farthinghoe\", 30 March 2006."},{"Link":"http://icnorthants.icnetwork.co.uk/tm_headline=tales-of-northamptonshire-s-lost-railway-lines&method=full&objectid=22043831&siteid=77910-name_page.html","external_links_name":"Howarth, R., \"Tales of Northamptonshire's lost railway lines\", icNorthants, 15 October 2008."},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070808014208/http://www.banburyguardian.co.uk/CustomPages/CustomPage.aspx?pageid=18181","external_links_name":"\"Banbury Guardian, \"Farthinghoe\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.banburyguardian.co.uk/CustomPages/CustomPage.aspx?pageid=18181","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=IwANAAAACAAJ","external_links_name":"The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60251199","external_links_name":"60251199"},{"Link":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11956311M","external_links_name":"11956311M"},{"Link":"http://disused-rlys.fotopic.net/p30100468.html","external_links_name":"Image of the station site"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Farthinghoe_railway_station¶ms=52.0593_N_1.2401_W_type:railwaystation_region:GB","external_links_name":"52°03′33″N 1°14′24″W / 52.0593°N 1.2401°W / 52.0593; -1.2401"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sydney_Metro_stations | List of Sydney Metro stations | ["1 List of current stations","2 List of future stations","3 Notes","4 References","5 External links"] | See also: List of Sydney Trains railway stations
The planned Sydney Metro network in 2025, showing the Sydney Metro Northwest (opened in 2019) and the Sydney Metro City & Southwest (opening in 2024 and 2025)
The Sydney Metro is a rapid transit rail system in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The system is owned by the Government of New South Wales and is operated under contract by Metro Trains Sydney, a joint venture between MTR Corporation, John Holland Group, and UGL Rail. There are currently thirteen Sydney Metro stations open and 36 kilometres (22 mi) of track. When current construction is complete, there will be 46 metro stations and 113 kilometres (70 mi) of track.
The first section of the Sydney Metro, Sydney Metro Northwest, opened on 26 May 2019 between Tallawong and Chatswood. This consists of thirteen stations, five of which were existing stations along the Epping to Chatswood rail link converted to metro use, and nine of which were new stations.
Sydney Metro City & Southwest is planned to open in two stages: the section between Chatswood and Sydenham via the central business district is planned to open in 2024, and the section between Sydenham and Bankstown, which consists of the Bankstown Line converted to metro use, is planned to open in 2025. The Chatswood to Sydenham section has eight new metro stations and the Sydenham to Bankstown section has eleven new metro stations. Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport, which will have six new metro stations, is planned to open in 2026 upon the opening of the Western Sydney Airport. Sydney Metro West is planned to open in 2032 and will have at least nine new stations, all of which will be underground.
Sydney Metro stations are either elevated, underground, or in a cutting. All stations will have platform screen doors and level boarding.
List of current stations
§ Existing station wholly or partially converted for metro operation
List of current stations
Station
Image
Served by
Project
Location
Opened
Transfers
Bella Vista
M
Northwest
Bella Vista
26 May 2019
Castle Hill
M
Northwest
Castle Hill
26 May 2019
Chatswood§
M
Northwest City & Southwest (future)
Chatswood
26 May 2019
Sydney Trains NSW TrainLink
Cherrybrook
M
Northwest
Cherrybrook
26 May 2019
Epping§
M
Northwest
Epping
26 May 2019
Sydney Trains NSW TrainLink
Hills Showground
M
Northwest
Castle Hill
26 May 2019
Kellyville
M
Northwest
Kellyville
26 May 2019
Macquarie Park§
M
Northwest
Macquarie Park
26 May 2019
Macquarie University§
M
Northwest
Macquarie Park
26 May 2019
North Ryde§
M
Northwest
North Ryde
26 May 2019
Norwest
M
Northwest
Norwest
26 May 2019
Rouse Hill
M
Northwest
Rouse Hill
26 May 2019
Tallawong
M
Northwest
Tallawong
26 May 2019
List of future stations
List of future stations
Station
Image
Project
Location
Planned opening
Transfers
Aerotropolis
Western Sydney Airport
Bringelly
2026
Airport Business Park
Western Sydney Airport
Badgerys Creek
2026
Airport Terminal
Western Sydney Airport
Badgerys Creek
2026
Bankstown§
City & Southwest
Bankstown
2025
Sydney Trains
Barangaroo
City & Southwest
Barangaroo
2024
Belmore§
City & Southwest
Belmore
2025
Burwood North
West
Burwood
2032
Campsie§
City & Southwest
Campsie
2025
Canterbury§
City & Southwest
Canterbury
2025
Central
City & Southwest
Sydney
2024
Sydney Trains NSW TrainLink Buses Light Rail
Crows Nest
City & Southwest
Crows Nest
2024
Dulwich Hill§
City & Southwest
Dulwich Hill
2025
Light Rail
Five Dock
West
Five Dock
2032
Gadigal
City & Southwest
Sydney
2024
Sydney Trains & Light Rail (Town Hall)
Hunter Street
West
Sydney
2032
Metro North West Line (Martin Place) Sydney Trains (Martin Place & Wynyard) Light Rail
Hurlstone Park§
City & Southwest
Hurlstone Park
2025
Lakemba§
City & Southwest
Lakemba
2025
Luddenham
Western Sydney Airport
Luddenham
2026
Marrickville§
City & Southwest
Marrickville
2025
Martin Place
City & Southwest
Sydney
2024
Sydney Metro West at Hunter Street Sydney Trains
North Strathfield
West
North Strathfield
2032
Sydney Trains
Orchard Hills
Western Sydney Airport
Orchard Hills
2026
Parramatta
West
Parramatta
2032
Sydney Trains at Parramatta railway station Light Rail
Punchbowl§
City & Southwest
Punchbowl
2025
Pyrmont
West
Pyrmont
2032
St Marys
Western Sydney Airport
St Marys
2026
Sydney Trains
Sydenham§
City & Southwest
Sydenham
2024
Sydney Trains
Sydney Olympic Park
West
Sydney Olympic Park
2032
Sydney Trains at Olympic Park railway station
The Bays
West
Bays Precinct
2032
Victoria Cross
City & Southwest
North Sydney
2024
Waterloo
City & Southwest
Waterloo
2024
Westmead
West
Westmead
2032
Sydney Trains Light Rail
Wiley Park§
City & Southwest
Wiley Park
2025
Notes
^ a b Refers to when the station opened for Sydney Metro services
^ Chatswood station originally opened on 1 January 1890.
^ Epping station originally opened on 17 September 1886.
^ a b c Macquarie Park, Macquarie University and North Ryde stations originally opened on 23 February 2009 as part of the Epping to Chatswood rail link.
^ a b c Bankstown, Lakemba and Punchbowl stations originally opened on 14 April 1909.
^ a b c d e f Belmore, Campsie, Canterbury, Dulwich Hill, Hurlstone Park and Marrickville stations originally opened on 1 February 1895.
^ Central station originally opened on 4 August 1906.
^ Martin Place station originally opened on 23 June 1979.
^ North Strathfield station originally opened on 9 June 1918.
^ St Marys station originally opened on 1 May 1862.
^ Sydenham station originally opened on 15 October 1884.
^ Wiley Park station originally opened on 19 June 1938.
References
^ "Sydney Metro". Australia New Zealand Infrastructure Pipeline. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Metro Trains Sydney (MTS)". MTR Australia. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ a b "Sydney Metro Northwest Project Overview" (PDF). Sydney Metro. September 2015. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ a b "About Sydney Metro". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Southwest Metro project update: August 2023" (PDF). Sydney Metro. August 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Gerathy, Sarah (27 July 2023). "Sydney was promised four metro lines — here's what progress has been made". ABC News. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Sydney Metro City & Southwest Chatswood to Sydenham Design Guidelines" (PDF). Sydney Metro. June 2017. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Sydenham to Bankstown". Sydney Metro. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a b c d e f g "Rail to Western Sydney International Airport". Western Sydney Airport. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Rose, Tamsin; Visontay, Elias; McLeod, Catie (6 December 2023). "Rosehill racecourse could be turned into 25,000 homes in Metro West revamp". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
^ a b "Stations". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Sydney Metro platform screen doors: From warehouse to station site and beyond". Sydney Metro. 20 July 2022. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ a b c d "Map". Department of Planning and Environment. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Bella Vista Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Castle Hill Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a b "Chatswood Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Historical Signal Room". Willoughby City Council. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Cherrybrook Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a b "Epping Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "History of Epping". Hornsby Shire Council. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Hills Showground Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Kellyville Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Macquarie Park Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "New line opens, over budget, 3 years late". ABC News. 23 February 2009. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ Bibby, Paul (23 February 2009). "Epping to Chatswood rail link opens". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Macquarie University Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "North Ryde Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Norwest Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Rouse Hill Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Tallawong Station". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Aerotropolis Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Airport Business Park Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Airport Terminal Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a b c Artefact Heritage Services (20 May 2020). "Sydney Metro City & Southwest: Sydenham to Bankstown Line: Heritage Interpretation Strategy" (PDF). Sydney Metro. p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Bankstown Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Sydney Central Station Opening". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Central Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ a b "Hunter Street Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Luddenham Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Eastern Suburbs Railway turns 40". Transport for NSW. 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Martin Place Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ Extent Heritage Pty Ltd (October 2018). "North Strathfield Railway Station Accessibility Upgrade Statement of Heritage Impact" (PDF). Transport for NSW. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "North Strathfield metro station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Orchard Hills Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Parramatta metro station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ NGH Environmental (April 2019). "Statement of Heritage Impact and Historic Archaeology Assessment St Marys Freight Hub, NSW". NSW Planning Portal. p. 28. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "St Marys metro station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ Extent Heritage Pty Ltd (February 2019). "Sydenham Metro Upgrade Project Heritage Interpretation Plan" (PDF). Sydney Metro. p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Sydenham Station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Sydney Olympic Park metro station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^ "Westmead metro station". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
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Former companies
Former government authorities
National Faster Rail Agency | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of Sydney Trains railway stations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sydney_Trains_railway_stations"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Sydney_Metro.svg"},{"link_name":"Sydney Metro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Metro"},{"link_name":"rapid transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit"},{"link_name":"Sydney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney"},{"link_name":"New South Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"Government of New South Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Metro Trains Sydney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Trains_Sydney"},{"link_name":"MTR Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR_Corporation"},{"link_name":"John Holland Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Holland_Group"},{"link_name":"UGL Rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGL_Rail"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Northwest_Project_Overview-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-About_Sydney_Metro-4"},{"link_name":"Sydney Metro Northwest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Metro_Northwest"},{"link_name":"Tallawong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallawong,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"Chatswood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatswood,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-About_Sydney_Metro-4"},{"link_name":"Epping to Chatswood rail link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epping_to_Chatswood_rail_link"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Northwest_Project_Overview-3"},{"link_name":"Sydney Metro City & Southwest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Metro_City_%26_Southwest"},{"link_name":"Sydenham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydenham,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"central business district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_central_business_district"},{"link_name":"Bankstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankstown"},{"link_name":"Bankstown Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankstown_Line"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sydney_Metro_C&SW-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ABC_News_27_July_2023-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Metro_Western_Sydney_Airport"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sydney_Metro_WSA-9"},{"link_name":"Western Sydney Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Sydney_Airport"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ABC_News_27_July_2023-6"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Airport_opening_date-10"},{"link_name":"Sydney Metro West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Metro_West"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-The_Guardian_6_December_2023-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stations-12"},{"link_name":"platform screen doors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_screen_doors"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stations-12"}],"text":"See also: List of Sydney Trains railway stationsThe planned Sydney Metro network in 2025, showing the Sydney Metro Northwest (opened in 2019) and the Sydney Metro City & Southwest (opening in 2024 and 2025)The Sydney Metro is a rapid transit rail system in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The system is owned by the Government of New South Wales[1] and is operated under contract by Metro Trains Sydney, a joint venture between MTR Corporation, John Holland Group, and UGL Rail.[2] There are currently thirteen Sydney Metro stations open and 36 kilometres (22 mi) of track.[3] When current construction is complete, there will be 46 metro stations and 113 kilometres (70 mi) of track.[4]The first section of the Sydney Metro, Sydney Metro Northwest, opened on 26 May 2019 between Tallawong and Chatswood.[4] This consists of thirteen stations, five of which were existing stations along the Epping to Chatswood rail link converted to metro use, and nine of which were new stations.[3]Sydney Metro City & Southwest is planned to open in two stages: the section between Chatswood and Sydenham via the central business district is planned to open in 2024, and the section between Sydenham and Bankstown, which consists of the Bankstown Line converted to metro use, is planned to open in 2025.[5][6] The Chatswood to Sydenham section has eight new metro stations[7] and the Sydenham to Bankstown section has eleven new metro stations.[8] Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport, which will have six new metro stations,[9] is planned to open in 2026 upon the opening of the Western Sydney Airport.[6][10] Sydney Metro West is planned to open in 2032 and will have at least nine new stations, all of which will be underground.[11]Sydney Metro stations are either elevated, underground, or in a cutting.[12] All stations will have platform screen doors[13] and level boarding.[12]","title":"List of Sydney Metro stations"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"§ Existing station wholly or partially converted for metro operation","title":"List of current stations"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"List of future stations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Opened_15-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Opened_15-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-20"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-24"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Epping_to_Chatswood_opening_date_30-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Epping_to_Chatswood_opening_date_30-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Epping_to_Chatswood_opening_date_30-2"},{"link_name":"Epping to Chatswood rail link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epping_to_Chatswood_rail_link"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ABC_News_23_February_2009-28"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SMH_23_February_2009-29"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14_April_1909_40-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14_April_1909_40-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14_April_1909_40-2"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bankstown_Line_opening_dates-39"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1_February_1895_42-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1_February_1895_42-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1_February_1895_42-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1_February_1895_42-3"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1_February_1895_42-4"},{"link_name":"f","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1_February_1895_42-5"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bankstown_Line_opening_dates-39"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-44"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-49"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-52"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-57"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-60"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-64"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bankstown_Line_opening_dates-39"}],"text":"^ a b Refers to when the station opened for Sydney Metro services\n\n^ Chatswood station originally opened on 1 January 1890.[18]\n\n^ Epping station originally opened on 17 September 1886.[21]\n\n^ a b c Macquarie Park, Macquarie University and North Ryde stations originally opened on 23 February 2009 as part of the Epping to Chatswood rail link.[25][26]\n\n^ a b c Bankstown, Lakemba and Punchbowl stations originally opened on 14 April 1909.[35]\n\n^ a b c d e f Belmore, Campsie, Canterbury, Dulwich Hill, Hurlstone Park and Marrickville stations originally opened on 1 February 1895.[35]\n\n^ Central station originally opened on 4 August 1906.[37]\n\n^ Martin Place station originally opened on 23 June 1979.[41]\n\n^ North Strathfield station originally opened on 9 June 1918.[43]\n\n^ St Marys station originally opened on 1 May 1862.[47]\n\n^ Sydenham station originally opened on 15 October 1884.[49]\n\n^ Wiley Park station originally opened on 19 June 1938.[35]","title":"Notes"}] | [{"image_text":"The planned Sydney Metro network in 2025, showing the Sydney Metro Northwest (opened in 2019) and the Sydney Metro City & Southwest (opening in 2024 and 2025)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Map_of_Sydney_Metro.svg/330px-Map_of_Sydney_Metro.svg.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Sydney Metro\". Australia New Zealand Infrastructure Pipeline. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/sydney-metro","url_text":"\"Sydney Metro\""}]},{"reference":"\"Metro Trains Sydney (MTS)\". MTR Australia. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mtraustralia.com.au/metro-trains-sydney","url_text":"\"Metro Trains Sydney (MTS)\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231025165558/https://mtraustralia.com.au/metro-trains-sydney","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sydney Metro Northwest Project Overview\" (PDF). Sydney Metro. September 2015. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2021-09/15082-Project-overview-September-2015_web.pdf%253Fext%253D.pdf","url_text":"\"Sydney Metro Northwest Project Overview\""}]},{"reference":"\"About Sydney Metro\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/about","url_text":"\"About Sydney Metro\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210209083522/https://www.sydneymetro.info/about","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Southwest Metro project update: August 2023\" (PDF). Sydney Metro. August 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2023-08/Southwest_Metro_project_update_Aug2023.pdf","url_text":"\"Southwest Metro project update: August 2023\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231023072014/https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2023-08/Southwest_Metro_project_update_Aug2023.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gerathy, Sarah (27 July 2023). \"Sydney was promised four metro lines — here's what progress has been made\". ABC News. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-27/the-blowouts-and-delays-of-the-sydney-metro-project/102652620","url_text":"\"Sydney was promised four metro lines — here's what progress has been made\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231031181345/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-27/the-blowouts-and-delays-of-the-sydney-metro-project/102652620","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sydney Metro City & Southwest Chatswood to Sydenham Design Guidelines\" (PDF). Sydney Metro. June 2017. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/document-library/Chatswood%20to%20Sydenham%20Design%20Guidelines.pdf","url_text":"\"Sydney Metro City & Southwest Chatswood to Sydenham Design Guidelines\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sydenham to Bankstown\". Sydney Metro. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/citysouthwest/sydenham-bankstown","url_text":"\"Sydenham to Bankstown\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/westernsydneyairportline","url_text":"\"Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200914010053/https://www.sydneymetro.info/westernsydneyairportline","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Rail to Western Sydney International Airport\". Western Sydney Airport. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.westernsydneyairport.gov.au/transport-infrastructure/rail","url_text":"\"Rail to Western Sydney International Airport\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231020162827/https://www.westernsydneyairport.gov.au/transport-infrastructure/rail","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Rose, Tamsin; Visontay, Elias; McLeod, Catie (6 December 2023). \"Rosehill racecourse could be turned into 25,000 homes in Metro West revamp\". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/dec/06/rosehill-racecourse-could-be-turned-into-25000-homes-in-metro-west-revamp","url_text":"\"Rosehill racecourse could be turned into 25,000 homes in Metro West revamp\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stations\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/sydney-metro/stations","url_text":"\"Stations\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230807062348/https://www.sydneymetro.info/sydney-metro/stations","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sydney Metro platform screen doors: From warehouse to station site and beyond\". Sydney Metro. 20 July 2022. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/article/sydney-metro-platform-screen-doors-warehouse-station-site-and-beyond","url_text":"\"Sydney Metro platform screen doors: From warehouse to station site and beyond\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230528125752/https://www.sydneymetro.info/article/sydney-metro-platform-screen-doors-warehouse-station-site-and-beyond","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Map\". Department of Planning and Environment. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-05/map-sydney-metro-2020-06-large-2400px.jpg","url_text":"\"Map\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055121/https://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-05/map-sydney-metro-2020-06-large-2400px.jpg","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Bella Vista Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2153478#/","url_text":"\"Bella Vista Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055123/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2153478#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Castle Hill Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2154391#/","url_text":"\"Castle Hill Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055128/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2154391#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Chatswood Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=206710#/","url_text":"\"Chatswood Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055125/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=206710#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Historical Signal Room\". Willoughby City Council. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.willoughby.nsw.gov.au/Community/Arts-and-culture/Visual-Arts/Public-Art/Historical-Signal-Room","url_text":"\"Historical Signal Room\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cherrybrook Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2126158#/","url_text":"\"Cherrybrook Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055126/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2126158#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Epping Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=10101429#/","url_text":"\"Epping Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230425172349/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=10101429#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"History of Epping\". Hornsby Shire Council. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/library/catalogues-and-resources/local-history/history-resources/suburb-histories/epping","url_text":"\"History of Epping\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hills Showground Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2154392#/","url_text":"\"Hills Showground Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055127/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2154392#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Kellyville Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2155382#/","url_text":"\"Kellyville Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055214/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2155382#/#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Macquarie Park Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. 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Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.smh.com.au/national/epping-to-chatswood-rail-link-opens-20090223-8fg5.html","url_text":"\"Epping to Chatswood rail link opens\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231101053206/https://www.smh.com.au/national/epping-to-chatswood-rail-link-opens-20090223-8fg5.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Macquarie University Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=211310#/","url_text":"\"Macquarie University Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055637/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=211310#/#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"North Ryde Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. 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Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2155383#/","url_text":"\"Rouse Hill Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055640/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2155383#/#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Tallawong Station\". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2155384#/","url_text":"\"Tallawong Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055641/https://transportnsw.info/stop-details?q=2155384#/#/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Aerotropolis Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/aerotropolis-station","url_text":"\"Aerotropolis Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801031048/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/aerotropolis-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Airport Business Park Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/airport-business-park-station","url_text":"\"Airport Business Park Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801034941/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/airport-business-park-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Airport Terminal Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. 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Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2021-10/Sydney_Metro_City_and_Southwest-Sydenham_to_Bankstown_Heritage_Interpretation_Strategy.pdf","url_text":"\"Sydney Metro City & Southwest: Sydenham to Bankstown Line: Heritage Interpretation Strategy\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230210025450/http://sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2021-10/Sydney_Metro_City_and_Southwest-Sydenham_to_Bankstown_Heritage_Interpretation_Strategy.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Bankstown Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/bankstown-station","url_text":"\"Bankstown Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801025318/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/bankstown-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sydney Central Station Opening\". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/technology/industry/display/103135-sydney-central-station-opening","url_text":"\"Sydney Central Station Opening\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220518090337/https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/technology/industry/display/103135-sydney-central-station-opening","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Central Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/central-station","url_text":"\"Central Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170421042013/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/central-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Hunter Street Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/hunter-street-station","url_text":"\"Hunter Street Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230528121412/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/hunter-street-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Luddenham Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/luddenham-station","url_text":"\"Luddenham Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230625172452/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/luddenham-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Eastern Suburbs Railway turns 40\". Transport for NSW. 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/projects/community-engagement/sydney-trains-community/documentaries/eastern-suburbs-railway-turns","url_text":"\"Eastern Suburbs Railway turns 40\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230214035815/https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/projects/community-engagement/sydney-trains-community/documentaries/eastern-suburbs-railway-turns","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Martin Place Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/martin-place-station","url_text":"\"Martin Place Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170421050301/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/martin-place-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Extent Heritage Pty Ltd (October 2018). \"North Strathfield Railway Station Accessibility Upgrade Statement of Heritage Impact\" (PDF). Transport for NSW. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/system/files/media/documents/2018/North%20Strathfield%20Heritage%20Impact%20Assessment_0.pdf","url_text":"\"North Strathfield Railway Station Accessibility Upgrade Statement of Heritage Impact\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190330060120/https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/system/files/media/documents/2018/North%20Strathfield%20Heritage%20Impact%20Assessment_0.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"North Strathfield metro station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/north-strathfield-metro-station","url_text":"\"North Strathfield metro station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801052348/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/north-strathfield-metro-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Orchard Hills Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/orchard-hills-station","url_text":"\"Orchard Hills Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230528125251/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/orchard-hills-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Parramatta metro station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/parramatta-metro-station","url_text":"\"Parramatta metro station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801035717/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/parramatta-metro-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"NGH Environmental (April 2019). \"Statement of Heritage Impact and Historic Archaeology Assessment St Marys Freight Hub, NSW\". NSW Planning Portal. p. 28. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-7308%2120190517T232736.286%20GMT","url_text":"\"Statement of Heritage Impact and Historic Archaeology Assessment St Marys Freight Hub, NSW\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220328171009/https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-7308%2120190517T232736.286%20GMT","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"St Marys metro station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/st-marys-metro-station","url_text":"\"St Marys metro station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801041934/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/st-marys-metro-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Extent Heritage Pty Ltd (February 2019). \"Sydenham Metro Upgrade Project Heritage Interpretation Plan\" (PDF). Sydney Metro. p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2022-08/Heritage_Interpretation_Plan-Sydenham_Station.pdf","url_text":"\"Sydenham Metro Upgrade Project Heritage Interpretation Plan\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801053509/https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2022-08/Heritage_Interpretation_Plan-Sydenham_Station.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sydenham Station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/sydenham-station","url_text":"\"Sydenham Station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801040734/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/sydenham-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sydney Olympic Park metro station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/sydney-olympic-park-metro-station","url_text":"\"Sydney Olympic Park metro station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801024456/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/sydney-olympic-park-metro-station","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Westmead metro station\". Sydney Metro. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/westmead-metro-station","url_text":"\"Westmead metro station\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230801041031/https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/westmead-metro-station","url_text":"Archived"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/sydney-metro","external_links_name":"\"Sydney Metro\""},{"Link":"https://www.mtraustralia.com.au/metro-trains-sydney","external_links_name":"\"Metro Trains Sydney (MTS)\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231025165558/https://mtraustralia.com.au/metro-trains-sydney","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/2021-09/15082-Project-overview-September-2015_web.pdf%253Fext%253D.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Sydney Metro Northwest Project Overview\""},{"Link":"https://www.sydneymetro.info/about","external_links_name":"\"About Sydney 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peipiaosteus | Peipiaosteus | ["1 See also","2 References"] | Extinct genus of fishes
PeipiaosteusTemporal range: Aptian
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Peipiaosteus pani prepared by Fossil Shack
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Acipenseriformes
Family:
†Peipiaosteidae
Genus:
†PeipiaosteusLiu & Zhou, 1965
Type species
†Peipiaosteus paniLiu & Zhou, 1965
Other species
†Peipiaosteus fengningensis Bai, 1983
Peipiaosteus pani fossil
Peipiaosteus pani fossil
Fossil of the peipiaosteid Yanosteus longidorsalis (at MHNT), a close relative of Peipiaosteus
Peipiaosteus is an extinct genus of prehistoric chondrostean ray-finned fish. Its fossils are found in the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation, Pani Lake, Liaoning Province, China.
Reconstruction of Peipiaosteus pani
Peipiaosteus belongs to the family Peipiaosteidae, together with the genera Liaosteus, Spherosteus, Stichopterus, and Yanosteus. Peipiaosteidae lived in Asia (China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia) during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous epochs. They are closely related to Chondrosteidae (Early Jurassic, Europe) and to living sturgeon and paddlefish (Acipenseroidei).
See also
Paleontology portalFish portal
Prehistoric fish
List of prehistoric bony fish
References
^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
^ Liu, H. T. and Zhou, J . J. 1965. A new sturgeon from the Upper Jurassic of Liaoning, North China. - Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 9, 3, 237-247. In Chinese with English abstract
^ Zhou, Zhonghe (1992). "Review on Peipiaosteus based on new material of P. pani". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 30: 85–101.
^ Bemis, William E.; Findeis, Eric K.; Grande, Lance (1997). "An overview of Acipenseriformes". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 48 (1–4): 25–71. doi:10.1023/A:1007370213924. S2CID 24961905.
^ Hilton, Eric J.; Grande, Lance; Jin, Fan (2021). "Redescription of †Yanosteus longidorsalis Jin et al., 1995 (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes, †Peipiaosteidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (1): 170–183. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.80. S2CID 225158727.
vteChondrostei
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Clade: Actinopteri
Actinopterygii
see Actinopterygii
Chondrostei
see below↓
ChondrosteiChondrostei
†Birgeria?
†Errolichthys?
†Gualolepis?
†Neochallaia
†Bobasatraniiformes?
†Guildayichthyidae?
†Saurichthyiformes?
†Coccolepididae
Barbalepis
Coccolepis
Condorlepis
Iyalepis
Morrolepis
Plesiococcolepis
Sunolepis
Toarcocephalus
Acipenseriformes
†Cylindracanthus?
†Eochondrosteus
†Chondrosteidae
Chondrosteus
Gyrosteus
Strongylosteus
†Peipiaosteidae
Liaosteus
Peipiaosteus
Spherosteus
Stichopterus
Yanosteus
AcipenseroideiPolyodontidae
†Crossopholis
†Paleopsephurus
†Parapsephurus
Polyodon
†Protopsephurus
†Psephurus
†Pugiopsephurus
Acipenseridae
Acipenser
†Anchiacipenser
†Engdahlichthys
Huso
†Priscosturion
†Protoscaphirhynchus
Pseudoscaphirhynchus
Scaphirhynchus
vteRecent sturgeon and paddlefish species
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Osteichthyes
Subclass Chondrostei
AcipenseridaeAcipenser
Siberian sturgeon (A. baerii)
Shortnose sturgeon (A. brevirostrum)
Dabry's sturgeon (A. dabryanus)
Lake sturgeon (A. fulvescens)
Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedtii)
Green sturgeon (A. medirostris)
Sakhalin sturgeon (A. mikadoi)
Japanese sturgeon (A. multiscutatus)
Adriatic sturgeon (A. naccarii)
Bastard sturgeon (A. nudiventris)
Gulf sturgeon (A. oxyrinchus desotoi)
Atlantic sturgeon (A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus)
Persian sturgeon (A. persicus)
Sterlet (A. ruthenus)
Amur sturgeon (A. schrenckii)
Chinese sturgeon (A. sinensis)
Starry sturgeon (A. stellatus)
European sea sturgeon (A. sturio)
White sturgeon (A. transmontanus)
Huso
Kaluga (H. dauricus)
Beluga (H. huso)
Pseudo- scaphirhynchus
Syr Darya sturgeon (P. fedtschenkoi)
Dwarf sturgeon (P. hermanni)
Amu Darya sturgeon (P. kaufmanni)
Scaphirhynchus
Pallid sturgeon (S. albus)
Shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus)
Alabama sturgeon (S. suttkusi)
PolyodontidaePolyodon
American paddlefish (P. spathula)
Psephurus
Chinese paddlefish (P. gladius)
Taxon identifiersPeipiaosteus
Wikidata: Q7160934
BioLib: 1160113
EoL: 4653730
GBIF: 4837526
IRMNG: 1056501
Open Tree of Life: 3621495
Paleobiology Database: 35131
This order Acipenseriformes (Sturgeon and Paddlefish) related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about a prehistoric Chondrostei fish is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about a Cretaceous fish is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zigong_Dinosaur_Museum_Peipiaosteus.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peipiaosteus_pani.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT.jpg"},{"link_name":"peipiaosteid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peipiaosteidae"},{"link_name":"Yanosteus longidorsalis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yanosteus&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"MHNT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHNT"},{"link_name":"genus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus"},{"link_name":"chondrostean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrostei"},{"link_name":"ray-finned fish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinopterygii"},{"link_name":"Early Cretaceous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Cretaceous"},{"link_name":"Jiufotang Formation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiufotang_Formation"},{"link_name":"Liaoning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sepkoskidb-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zhou_1992-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peipiaosteus.jpg"},{"link_name":"family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)"},{"link_name":"Peipiaosteidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peipiaosteidae"},{"link_name":"Liaosteus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liaosteus&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Spherosteus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spherosteus&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Stichopterus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichopterus"},{"link_name":"Yanosteus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yanosteus&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"Kazakhstan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan"},{"link_name":"Mongolia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia"},{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"},{"link_name":"Late Jurassic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Jurassic"},{"link_name":"Early Cretaceous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Cretaceous"},{"link_name":"epochs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(geology)"},{"link_name":"Chondrosteidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrosteidae"},{"link_name":"Early Jurassic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Jurassic"},{"link_name":"Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe"},{"link_name":"sturgeon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon"},{"link_name":"paddlefish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddlefish"},{"link_name":"Acipenseroidei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseroidei"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bemis_et_al._1997-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hilton_et_al._2021-5"}],"text":"Peipiaosteus pani fossilPeipiaosteus pani fossilFossil of the peipiaosteid Yanosteus longidorsalis (at MHNT), a close relative of PeipiaosteusPeipiaosteus is an extinct genus of prehistoric chondrostean ray-finned fish. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolna_Bela_Rechka | Dolna Bela Rechka | ["1 References"] | Coordinates: 43°11′39″N 23°20′30″E / 43.1942°N 23.3417°E / 43.1942; 23.3417Village in Montana Province, BulgariaDolna Bela Rechka
Долна Бела речкаVillageThe mayor's office in village Dolna Bela Rechka, BulgariaCountry BulgariaProvinceMontana ProvinceMunicipalityVarshetsTime zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Dolna Bela Rechka is a village in Varshets Municipality, Montana Province, northwestern Bulgaria.
References
^ Guide Bulgaria, Accessed Nov 15, 2014
vte Varshets MunicipalityCapital: VarshetsVillages
Cherkaski
Dolna Bela Rechka
Dolno Ozirovo
Draganitsa
Gorna Bela Rechka
Gorno Ozirovo
Spanchevtsi
Stoyanovo
Landmarks
Klisurski Monastery
Culture
Notable people
43°11′39″N 23°20′30″E / 43.1942°N 23.3417°E / 43.1942; 23.3417
This Montana Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Varshets Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varshets_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Montana Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Province"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Village in Montana Province, BulgariaDolna Bela Rechka is a village in Varshets Municipality, Montana Province, northwestern Bulgaria.[1]","title":"Dolna Bela Rechka"}] | [] | null | [] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dolna_Bela_Rechka¶ms=43.1942_N_23.3417_E_source:wikidata","external_links_name":"43°11′39″N 23°20′30″E / 43.1942°N 23.3417°E / 43.1942; 23.3417"},{"Link":"http://www.guide-bulgaria.com/NW/Montana/Varshets","external_links_name":"Guide Bulgaria"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dolna_Bela_Rechka¶ms=43.1942_N_23.3417_E_source:wikidata","external_links_name":"43°11′39″N 23°20′30″E / 43.1942°N 23.3417°E / 43.1942; 23.3417"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolna_Bela_Rechka&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Hansen_(politician) | Steve Hansen (politician) | ["1 Early life and education","2 Career","3 References"] | American politician (born 1955)
Steve HansenMember of the Iowa House of Representativesfrom the 14th districtIn officeJanuary 11, 2021 – January 8, 2023Preceded byTimothy KacenaSucceeded byJacob BossmanMember of the Iowa Senatefrom the 1st districtIn officeJanuary 9, 1995 – January 12, 2003Preceded byAl SturgeonSucceeded bySteve WarnstadtMember of the Iowa House of Representativesfrom the 1st districtIn officeJanuary 12, 1987 – January 8, 1995Preceded byJames D. O'KaneSucceeded byRonald Nutt
Personal detailsBorn (1955-02-05) February 5, 1955 (age 69)Sioux City, Iowa, U.S.Political partyDemocraticEducationMorningside College (BA)University of South Dakota (MA)
Steven D. Hansen (born February 5, 1955) is an American politician. He was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives for District 1 from 1987 to 1995. He was then elected to the Iowa Senate from District 1 between 1995 and 2003. Hansen returned to the state house in 2021, representing District 14.
Early life and education
Hansen was born in Sioux City, Iowa on February 5, 1955. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history, political science, and criminal justice from Morningside College and a Master of Arts political science from the University of South Dakota.
Career
Hansen served as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 1987 to 1995 and in the Iowa Senate from 1995 to 2003. After leaving the legislature, he worked as director of the Sioux City Public Museum. He was re-elected to the Iowa House in November 2020 and assumed office on January 11, 2021. In the 2022 election cycle, Hansen was redistricted to House District 2, and lost to Robert Henderson.
References
^ a b "Senator Steven D. Hansen". Iowa General Assembly. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
^ Breen, Matt (2020-01-30). "Former Iowa Congressman Steve Hansen announces candidacy for Iowa House". KTIV. Retrieved 2021-09-26.
^ Butz, Dolly. "WATCH NOW: Steve Hansen wins return to Iowa Legislature after two decades; Chris Hall reelected". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved 2021-09-26.
^ McNett, Jared (March 15, 2022). "Sioux City state rep. Steven Hansen running for reelection". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
^ Yamada, Caitlin (9 November 2022). "Republicans prepared to represent Woodbury County in state legislature seats". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
^ Yamada, Caitlin (9 November 2022). "Republicans oust Democrats for Woodbury County state legislature seats". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
This article about an Iowa politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Iowa House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"District 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives,_District_1"},{"link_name":"Iowa Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Senate"},{"link_name":"District 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Senate,_District_1"},{"link_name":"District 14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives,_District_14"}],"text":"Steven D. Hansen (born February 5, 1955) is an American politician. He was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives for District 1 from 1987 to 1995. He was then elected to the Iowa Senate from District 1 between 1995 and 2003. Hansen returned to the state house in 2021, representing District 14.","title":"Steve Hansen (politician)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sioux City, Iowa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux_City,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"Bachelor of Arts degree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts"},{"link_name":"history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History"},{"link_name":"political science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science"},{"link_name":"criminal justice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_justice"},{"link_name":"Morningside College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morningside_University"},{"link_name":"Master of Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Arts"},{"link_name":"University of South Dakota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Dakota"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-iaga-1"}],"text":"Hansen was born in Sioux City, Iowa on February 5, 1955. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history, political science, and criminal justice from Morningside College and a Master of Arts political science from the University of South Dakota.[1]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Iowa House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"Iowa Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Senate"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-iaga-1"},{"link_name":"Sioux City Public Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux_City_Public_Museum"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"House District 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives,_District_2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Robert Henderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Henderson_(American_politician)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Hansen served as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 1987 to 1995 and in the Iowa Senate from 1995 to 2003.[1] After leaving the legislature, he worked as director of the Sioux City Public Museum. He was re-elected to the Iowa House in November 2020 and assumed office on January 11, 2021.[2][3] In the 2022 election cycle, Hansen was redistricted to House District 2,[4] and lost to Robert Henderson.[5][6]","title":"Career"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Senator Steven D. Hansen\". Iowa General Assembly. Retrieved September 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator?ga=78&personID=30658","url_text":"\"Senator Steven D. Hansen\""}]},{"reference":"Breen, Matt (2020-01-30). \"Former Iowa Congressman Steve Hansen announces candidacy for Iowa House\". KTIV. Retrieved 2021-09-26.","urls":[{"url":"https://ktiv.com/2020/01/30/former-iowa-congressman-steve-hansen-announces-candidacy-for-iowa-house/","url_text":"\"Former Iowa Congressman Steve Hansen announces candidacy for Iowa House\""}]},{"reference":"Butz, Dolly. \"WATCH NOW: Steve Hansen wins return to Iowa Legislature after two decades; Chris Hall reelected\". Sioux City Journal. 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Retrieved 12 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/republicans-prepared-to-represent-woodbury-county-in-state-legislature-seats/article_64c67c12-d876-59ac-a090-220c62afa002.html","url_text":"\"Republicans prepared to represent Woodbury County in state legislature seats\""}]},{"reference":"Yamada, Caitlin (9 November 2022). \"Republicans oust Democrats for Woodbury County state legislature seats\". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved 12 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/republicans-oust-democrats-for-woodbury-county-state-legislature-seats/article_c703d55e-af1c-5fcc-afd6-8e8ec8b99a0f.html","url_text":"\"Republicans oust Democrats for Woodbury County state legislature seats\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator?ga=78&personID=30658","external_links_name":"\"Senator Steven D. 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Steven Hansen running for reelection\""},{"Link":"https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/republicans-prepared-to-represent-woodbury-county-in-state-legislature-seats/article_64c67c12-d876-59ac-a090-220c62afa002.html","external_links_name":"\"Republicans prepared to represent Woodbury County in state legislature seats\""},{"Link":"https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/republicans-oust-democrats-for-woodbury-county-state-legislature-seats/article_c703d55e-af1c-5fcc-afd6-8e8ec8b99a0f.html","external_links_name":"\"Republicans oust Democrats for Woodbury County state legislature seats\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Hansen_(politician)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playscapes | Playscapes | ["1 Background","2 Playground in Atlanta","3 Restorations","4 References","5 External links"] | Coordinates: 33°47′06″N 84°22′40″W / 33.7849°N 84.3777°W / 33.7849; -84.3777
PlayscapesTypePlaygroundLocationPiedmont ParkNearest cityAtlanta, Georgia, United StatesArea1 acre (0.40 ha)Created1976DesignerIsamu NoguchiAdministered byPiedmont Park Conservancy
Playscapes is a playground designed by artist and landscape architect Isamu Noguchi. Completed in 1976, the playground is located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, in the city's Piedmont Park.
Background
Japanese-American artist Isamu Noguchi developed his first playground design in 1933. While the design, called Play Mountain, was never realized, Noguchi continued to create playground concepts and tried over the next several decades to implement them, with little success. In 1940, he developed a playground idea for Ala Moana Park near Honolulu, though this project never came to fruition. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, he unsuccessfully attempted to build a playground in New York City, with potential sites including near the headquarters of the United Nations and Riverside Park. For the latter project, Noguchi worked with architect Louis Kahn in the designs. His first realized playground project came about in 1965, with the temporary Kodomo no Kuni playground outside of Tokyo.
Playground in Atlanta
In 1973, a volunteer at the High Museum of Art in Atlanta suggested creating a playground that could also serve as a work of art. The museum director was responsive to the idea, and it was decided that the piece would serve as the High Museum's gift to the city of Atlanta for the United States Bicentennial. The museum was given a site in the city's Piedmont Park to build the playground, and Noguchi was officially hired in October 1975, with his designs for the playground completed that December. Noguchi was given a commission of $225,000 to build the playground. The playground was completed the following year, in time for the bicentennial celebrations, with Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson accepting the playground on behalf of the city. The ribbon-cutting ceremony on May 1, 1976, was attended by both Jackson and Mayor H.R. Pufnstuf, a fictional character from the children's television series of the same name. The playground, occupying about 1 acre (0.40 ha) near the park's 12th Street entrance, was the only playground constructed by Noguchi before his death in 1988.
Restorations
In 1996, 20 years after its debut, the playground underwent a pro bono restoration by the Japanese construction company Kajima. This was in preparation for the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta. By the mid-2000s, additional issues with the site became present, including rust on the slides and graffiti on some of the equipment. A 2008 appraisal put the replacement value for the playground at $3 million, and between 2008 and 2009, the city spent $350,000 restoring the playground, including minor alterations to the design of some of the equipment to meet improved safety standards. In 2014, the playground underwent another restoration. The restoration, funded by a $21,000 grant from the manufacturing company Herman Miller's philanthropic foundation, saw the entire playground repainted and a pavilion wall repaired.
2009 Rededication ceremony
References
^ a b c d e f Lange, Alexandra. "The Story Behind Isamu Noguchi's Playscapes in Atlanta". Herman Miller. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
^ a b c Pousner, Howard (August 11, 2012). "Noguchi Playscapes reopens at Piedmont Park". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Cox Enterprises. Archived from the original on April 4, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
^ a b Green, Josh (July 17, 2018). "Ode to Piedmont Park's Noguchi 'Playscapes'". Curbed Atlanta. Vox Media. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
^ "50 Best Things to Do in Georgia: Climb on the Noguchi Playscape". Atlanta. June 7, 2017. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
^ "Noguchi Playscape". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
^ Martin, Hannah (October 1, 2014). "Isamu Noguchi's Architectural Playground in Atlanta". Architectural Digest. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
External links
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33°47′06″N 84°22′40″W / 33.7849°N 84.3777°W / 33.7849; -84.3777 | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"playground","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playground"},{"link_name":"landscape architect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architect"},{"link_name":"Isamu Noguchi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isamu_Noguchi"},{"link_name":"Atlanta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Piedmont Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont_Park"}],"text":"Playscapes is a playground designed by artist and landscape architect Isamu Noguchi. 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The museum director was responsive to the idea, and it was decided that the piece would serve as the High Museum's gift to the city of Atlanta for the United States Bicentennial. The museum was given a site in the city's Piedmont Park to build the playground, and Noguchi was officially hired in October 1975, with his designs for the playground completed that December.[1] Noguchi was given a commission of $225,000 to build the playground.[2] The playground was completed the following year, in time for the bicentennial celebrations, with Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson accepting the playground on behalf of the city.[3] The ribbon-cutting ceremony on May 1, 1976, was attended by both Jackson and Mayor H.R. Pufnstuf, a fictional character from the children's television series of the same name.[2] The playground, occupying about 1 acre (0.40 ha) near the park's 12th Street entrance,[4] was the only playground constructed by Noguchi before his death in 1988.[5]","title":"Playground in Atlanta"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"pro bono","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_bono"},{"link_name":"Kajima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajima"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"1996 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"rust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust"},{"link_name":"graffiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"safety standards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_standards"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-2"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Herman Miller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Miller_(manufacturer)"},{"link_name":"pavilion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Noguchi_Playscapes_2009_rededication_ceremony.jpg"}],"text":"In 1996, 20 years after its debut, the playground underwent a pro bono restoration by the Japanese construction company Kajima.[3] This was in preparation for the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta.[1] By the mid-2000s, additional issues with the site became present, including rust on the slides and graffiti on some of the equipment.[1] A 2008 appraisal put the replacement value for the playground at $3 million, and between 2008 and 2009, the city spent $350,000 restoring the playground, including minor alterations to the design of some of the equipment to meet improved safety standards.[1][2] In 2014, the playground underwent another restoration.[6] The restoration, funded by a $21,000 grant from the manufacturing company Herman Miller's philanthropic foundation, saw the entire playground repainted and a pavilion wall repaired.[1]2009 Rededication ceremony","title":"Restorations"}] | [{"image_text":"2009 Rededication ceremony","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Noguchi_Playscapes_2009_rededication_ceremony.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"Lange, Alexandra. \"The Story Behind Isamu Noguchi's Playscapes in Atlanta\". 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Retrieved October 1, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel/climb-noguchi-playscape/","url_text":"\"50 Best Things to Do in Georgia: Climb on the Noguchi Playscape\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_(magazine)","url_text":"Atlanta"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201203111830/https://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel/climb-noguchi-playscape/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Noguchi Playscape\". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/noguchi-playscape","url_text":"\"Noguchi Playscape\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Obscura","url_text":"Atlas Obscura"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210309233222/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/noguchi-playscape","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Martin, Hannah (October 1, 2014). \"Isamu Noguchi's Architectural Playground in Atlanta\". Architectural Digest. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/herman-miller-isamu-noguchi-playscape-atlanta","url_text":"\"Isamu Noguchi's Architectural Playground in Atlanta\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_Digest","url_text":"Architectural Digest"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast","url_text":"Condé Nast"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201027032406/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/herman-miller-isamu-noguchi-playscape-atlanta","url_text":"Archived"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Playscapes¶ms=33.7849_N_84.3777_W_type:landmark_region:US-GA","external_links_name":"33°47′06″N 84°22′40″W / 33.7849°N 84.3777°W / 33.7849; -84.3777"},{"Link":"https://www.hermanmiller.com/stories/why-magazine/the-story-behind-isamu-noguchis-playscapes-in-atlanta","external_links_name":"\"The Story Behind Isamu Noguchi's Playscapes in Atlanta\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210129170230/https://www.hermanmiller.com/stories/why-magazine/the-story-behind-isamu-noguchis-playscapes-in-atlanta/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.ajc.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/noguchi-playscapes-reopens-piedmont-park/G9pixYy3bpnSbiZKerrX8J/","external_links_name":"\"Noguchi Playscapes reopens at Piedmont Park\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210404022702/https://www.ajc.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/noguchi-playscapes-reopens-piedmont-park/G9pixYy3bpnSbiZKerrX8J/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://atlanta.curbed.com/2018/7/17/17578806/isamu-noguchi-sculptor-piedmont-park-playscape","external_links_name":"\"Ode to Piedmont Park's Noguchi 'Playscapes'\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201027032404/https://atlanta.curbed.com/2018/7/17/17578806/isamu-noguchi-sculptor-piedmont-park-playscape","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel/climb-noguchi-playscape/","external_links_name":"\"50 Best Things to Do in Georgia: Climb on the Noguchi Playscape\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201203111830/https://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel/climb-noguchi-playscape/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/noguchi-playscape","external_links_name":"\"Noguchi Playscape\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210309233222/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/noguchi-playscape","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/herman-miller-isamu-noguchi-playscape-atlanta","external_links_name":"\"Isamu Noguchi's Architectural Playground in Atlanta\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201027032406/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/herman-miller-isamu-noguchi-playscape-atlanta","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.piedmontpark.org/things-to-do/playgrounds/","external_links_name":"Piedmont Park Conservancy"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Playscapes¶ms=33.7849_N_84.3777_W_type:landmark_region:US-GA","external_links_name":"33°47′06″N 84°22′40″W / 33.7849°N 84.3777°W / 33.7849; -84.3777"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(comics) | Avengers Arena | ["1 Publication history","2 Plot","3 Characters","4 Collected editions","5 In other media","6 References"] | Marvel comic book series
Avengers ArenaAvengers Arena (Dec. 2012)Cover art by Dave Johnson.Publication informationPublisherMarvel ComicsScheduleMonthlyFormatOngoing seriesGenreSuperheroPublication dateDecember 2012 – 2013Creative teamCreated byDennis HopelessKev WalkerWritten byDennis HopelessArtist(s)Kev Walker
Avengers Arena is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics that debuted in December 2012 as part of the Marvel NOW! relaunch. The series shows 16 young heroes from the Marvel Universe and pit them against each other in a kill-or-be-killed, reality-show-like scenario in Murderworld run by Arcade. The series ended with issue 18 and was followed by a sequel titled Avengers Undercover that dealt with the survivors infiltrating the Shadow Council's Masters of Evil.
Publication history
In September 2012, Marvel Comics announced that Avengers Arena would debut, with a December 2012 cover date, by the creative team of Dennis Hopeless and Kev Walker. The series ran 18 issues, and was followed by a sequel series, Avengers Undercover.
The comic has a battle royale theme, notably inspired by the Japanese novel/manga/film Battle Royale and the American young adult dystopian novel/film series The Hunger Games.
Plot
Sixteen teenage superheroes are abducted by supervillain Arcade, brought to his latest version of Murderworld, and forced to fight to the death for Arcade's enjoyment.
As the games begin, Red Raven tries to escape from the area only for her to be killed when an invisible force field breaks her neck and causes her to crash to the ground. Rebecca Ryker faces off against Hazmat and then fights Cammi soon after. Cammi gives her the nickname Death Locket. Throughout the first day, Death Locket remembers the past events that led to her origins.
As the young heroes sleep for the night, they are stalked by an unidentified cybernetic creature.
After several days pass, Arcade shuts off the food supply and makes the weather conditions hazardous in Murderworld, but notes there are safe zones at the edge of each quadrant for the competitors to rest, as well as food and medicine in Quadrant 2. Reptil is injured by an explosion. Hazmat and X-23 take him to the quadrant 2 to get medical supplies for Reptil's burns. Nara, Anachronism, and Bloodstone discover that Apex is manipulating Death Locket and Kid Briton to her own ends. The trio is then teleported by Arcade to the supply cache at Quadrant 2 just as Apex, Death Locket, and Kid Briton arrive. The heroes begin fighting among themselves.
Juston Seyfert is revealed to have survived the attack from the cybernetic creature, but is now paralyzed below the waist due to the injuries sustained when the Sentinel crashed. Distraught at the loss of his best friend, Juston salvages the remains of the Sentinel and creates a suit of battle armor which he uses to attack Death Locket. After being injured by Apex, Nico sacrifices herself by staying behind in order to get some of the other survivors to safety. She is killed by Chase and Juston Seyfert's Sentinel (both of whom were under Apex's control).
Reptil turns into a sea dinosaur in order to hunt some sharks for him and Hazmat to dine upon. The remaining teenage heroes catch up to them and are invited to have shark steaks with them before returning to Murderworld. Molly Hayes notices that Nico and Chase are missing and turns to Henry Pym for help.
Cullen Bloodstone attacks Anachronism, forcing Cammi to try to calm him down. Hazmat and X-23 encounter a Mettle robot with Trigger Scent, causing X-23 to go on the attack. X-23 seriously injures Hazmat leaving her fate unknown. Cammi attempts to stop X-23, but her attempts are useless. Cullen decides only he can stop her. Upon removing his family's ring, Cullen transforms into a monstrous form in order to save them.
As Cullen Bloodstone's monster form continues to fight X-23, Cammi, Nara and Anachronism look for Cullen's ring. Nara ends up diving into the ocean to find it. Nara emerges from the ocean with the ring which attracts Cullen, who ends up killing her.
Apex uses her ability to take over Deathlocket's systems and plans to become Queen of Murderworld. As Hazmat is close to exploding, Reptil swims her out to sea so that the explosion can't harm anyone. The explosion causes everyone to stop fighting each other. Deathlocket shoots Apex off-screen and shuts down Murderworld. Afterwards, the surviving teenagers are rescued by S.H.I.E.L.D., Wolverine, Henry Pym, and Captain Britain. Reptil is fished out of the water by a S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent.
Characters
Character
Real Name
Team Affiliation
Death
Hazmat
Jennifer Takeda
Avengers Academy
Mettle
Ken Mack
Killed by Arcade in Avengers Arena #1.
Reptil
Humberto Lopez
Darkhawk
Christopher Powell
(solo)
M.I.A. in Avengers Arena #3. Corpse was later shown in issue #12. Revealed to be alive in issue #16.
Anachronism
Aiden
The Braddock Academy
Apex
Katy Bashir / Tim Bashir
Killed by Death Locket in Avengers Arena #18.
Bloodstone
Cullen Bloodstone
Kid Briton
Brian Braddock
Killed by Anachronism in issue #6.
Nara
Nara
Killed trying to stop a rampaging Cullen in issue #15.
Cammi
Camille Benally
(solo)
Chase
Chase Stein
Runaways*
Nico
Nico Minoru
Killed by Apex controlling Darkhawk in Avengers Arena #10. Resurrected by her Staff of One in issue #12.
Death Locket
Rebecca Ryker
(none)
Juston Seyfert
Juston Seyfert
(none)*
Killed by Apex in Avengers Arena #9 (May 2013).
Red Raven
Dania
(none)
Killed upon colliding with the invisible force-field in issue #2.
X-23
Laura Kinney
X-Men*
*characters were featured as part-time students in Avengers Academy later in that series
Death Locket and the students from the Braddock Academy were created by Hopeless and Walker just for Avengers Arena
Collected editions
#
Title
Material collected
Pages
Publication Date
ISBN
1
Kill or Die
Avengers Arena #1-6
144
May 21, 2013
978-0785166573
2
Game On
Avengers Arena #7-12
September 24, 2013
978-0785166580
3
Boss Level
Avengers Arena #13-18
136
February 4, 2014
978-0785189282
The Complete Collection
Avengers Arena #1-18
408
September 11, 2018
978-1302911850
In other media
In September 2021, Variety reported that the character of Katy (portrayed by Awkwafina) in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings was considered a loose adaptation of Katy / Apex, a character created for Avengers Arena.
References
^ "Marvel NOW!". Marvel.com. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sunu, Steve (13 September 2012). "Hopeless and Walker Populate "Avengers Arena" For Marvel NOW!". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
^ "Avengers Arena Cancelled With November's #18". ComicBook.com. 2013-08-15. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
^ "NYCC EXCLUSIVE: Hopeless is Seduced by Evil in "Avengers Undercover"". 11 October 2013.
^ "Survive". comicbookresources.com. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
^ Green, Scott (September 14, 2012). "Marvel Reveals "Avengers Arena" Homage to "Battle Royale"". Crunchyroll. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
^ McMillan, Graeme (September 3, 2021). "The Best 'Shang-Chi' Comics to Read Before Watching the New Marvel Film". Variety. Retrieved 3 September 2021. Awkwafina's character Katy in "Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings" is, in Marvel's comic book continuity, a superhero in her own right. Well… maybe not a superhero, per se. Created for the Avengers Arena miniseries, Katy's alter-ego, Apex, is a far more complicated character than her movie incarnation would suggest, and she's not necessarily the good guy throughout the entire story, either.
vteAvengers publications and storylinesCurrent series
The Avengers
Former ongoingseries
A-Force
A-Next
All-New, All-Different Avengers
Avengers A.I.
Avengers Academy
Avengers Arena
Avengers Assemble
Avengers: The Initiative
Avengers Undercover
Avengers: United They Stand
Avengers World
A+X
Captain America and the Mighty Avengers
story arcs
Dark Avengers
Force Works
Great Lakes Avengers
Marvel Adventures: The Avengers
New Avengers
story arcs
Occupy Avengers
Savage Avengers
Secret Avengers
Solo Avengers
Ultimate Comics: Avengers
Ultimate Comics: The Ultimates
story arcs
Uncanny Avengers
U.S.Avengers
West Coast Avengers
Young Avengers
Completed limitedseries
Avengers 1959
Avengers Next
Avengers: Celestial Quest
Avengers Forever
Avengers Infinity
Avengers: The Children's Crusade
Avengers/Thunderbolts
Avengers Unplugged
Avengers vs. X-Men
Avengers/Invaders
Civil War: Young Avengers/Runaways
G.L.A.
The Last Avengers Story
Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers
New Avengers: Illuminati
Secret Invasion: Runaways/Young Avengers
Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates
The Ultimates
The Ultimates 2
The Ultimates 3
Crossovers
Avengers/Ultraforce
JLA/Avengers
New Avengers/Transformers
Storylines
"Kree–Skrull War"
"Acts of Vengeance"
"Operation: Galactic Storm"
"Heroes Reborn (1996 comic)"
"Avengers Forever"
"Bloodties"
"Kang Dynasty"
"Avengers Disassembled"
"Dark Reign (comics)"
"Siege"
"Avengers vs. X-Men"
"Avengers: Standoff!"
"Heroes Reborn (2021 comic)"
"Judgment Day"
Avengers Assemble (event)
Contest of Chaos
Related
Avengers Unconquered
Avengers United
Storylines are listed in publication order. Publications are listed alphabetically by published titles.Compiled without respect for canon or "current" continuity.
vteRunaways
Brian K. Vaughan
Adrian Alphona
Main characters
Nico Minoru
Karolina Dean
Chase Stein
Gertrude Yorkes
Molly Hayes
Old Lace
Victor Mancha
Former characters
Alex Wilder
Leapfrog
Klara Prast
Xavin
Villains
The Pride
Geoffrey Wilder
The Gibborim
Topher
Masters of Evil
Val Rhymin
Skrull
Wrecking Crew
Doctor Doom
Kingpin
Related groups
Cloak and Dagger
Excelsior
Young Avengers
Story arcs
"Pride & Joy"
"Dead Wrong"
PublicationsTie-ins
X-Men/Runaways: Free
Civil War: Young Avengers/Runaways
Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm
Secret Invasion: Runaways/Young Avengers
Spin-offs
Loners
Avengers Arena
Avengers Undercover
Secret Wars: Runaways
In other media
Runaways
"Reunion"
Tyrone Johnson and Tandy Bowen
Marvel's young adult television series
vteMarvel NOW!New titlesWave One
A+X
All-New X-Men
Avengers Arena
Cable and X-Force
The Fearless Defenders
Savage Wolverine
The Superior Spider-Man
Uncanny Avengers
Wave Two
Avengers A.I.
The Superior Foes of Spider-Man
Superior Spider-Man Team-Up
All-New Marvel NOW!
All-New Invaders
All-New X-Factor
Avengers Undercover
Avengers World
Inhuman
Avengers NOW!
The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl
Marvel NOW! 2.0
U.S.Avengers
Limited series
Infinity
Thanos Rising | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"comic book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_book"},{"link_name":"Marvel Comics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics"},{"link_name":"Marvel NOW!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_NOW!"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Marvel Universe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Universe"},{"link_name":"Arcade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcade_(Marvel_Comics)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AvengersArena-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Avengers Undercover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avengers_Undercover"},{"link_name":"Shadow Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Council"},{"link_name":"Masters of Evil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masters_of_Evil"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Avengers Arena is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics that debuted in December 2012 as part of the Marvel NOW! relaunch.[1] The series shows 16 young heroes from the Marvel Universe and pit them against each other in a kill-or-be-killed, reality-show-like scenario in Murderworld run by Arcade.[2] The series ended with issue 18[3] and was followed by a sequel titled Avengers Undercover that dealt with the survivors infiltrating the Shadow Council's Masters of Evil.[4]","title":"Avengers Arena"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"cover date","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_date"},{"link_name":"Dennis Hopeless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hopeless"},{"link_name":"Kev Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kev_Walker"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AvengersArena-2"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"battle royale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_royal"},{"link_name":"Battle Royale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Royale_(film)"},{"link_name":"young adult","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_adult_fiction"},{"link_name":"dystopian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystopian_fiction"},{"link_name":"The Hunger Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunger_Games"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"In September 2012, Marvel Comics announced that Avengers Arena would debut, with a December 2012 cover date, by the creative team of Dennis Hopeless and Kev Walker.[2][5] The series ran 18 issues, and was followed by a sequel series, Avengers Undercover.The comic has a battle royale theme, notably inspired by the Japanese novel/manga/film Battle Royale and the American young adult dystopian novel/film series The Hunger Games.[6]","title":"Publication history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arcade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcade_(Marvel_Comics)"},{"link_name":"Murderworld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murderworld_(comics)"},{"link_name":"Molly Hayes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Hayes"},{"link_name":"Henry Pym","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Pym"},{"link_name":"S.H.I.E.L.D.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D."}],"text":"Sixteen teenage superheroes are abducted by supervillain Arcade, brought to his latest version of Murderworld, and forced to fight to the death for Arcade's enjoyment.As the games begin, Red Raven tries to escape from the area only for her to be killed when an invisible force field breaks her neck and causes her to crash to the ground. Rebecca Ryker faces off against Hazmat and then fights Cammi soon after. Cammi gives her the nickname Death Locket. Throughout the first day, Death Locket remembers the past events that led to her origins.As the young heroes sleep for the night, they are stalked by an unidentified cybernetic creature.After several days pass, Arcade shuts off the food supply and makes the weather conditions hazardous in Murderworld, but notes there are safe zones at the edge of each quadrant for the competitors to rest, as well as food and medicine in Quadrant 2. Reptil is injured by an explosion. Hazmat and X-23 take him to the quadrant 2 to get medical supplies for Reptil's burns. Nara, Anachronism, and Bloodstone discover that Apex is manipulating Death Locket and Kid Briton to her own ends. The trio is then teleported by Arcade to the supply cache at Quadrant 2 just as Apex, Death Locket, and Kid Briton arrive. 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Hazmat and X-23 encounter a Mettle robot with Trigger Scent, causing X-23 to go on the attack. X-23 seriously injures Hazmat leaving her fate unknown. Cammi attempts to stop X-23, but her attempts are useless. Cullen decides only he can stop her. Upon removing his family's ring, Cullen transforms into a monstrous form in order to save them.As Cullen Bloodstone's monster form continues to fight X-23, Cammi, Nara and Anachronism look for Cullen's ring. Nara ends up diving into the ocean to find it. Nara emerges from the ocean with the ring which attracts Cullen, who ends up killing her.Apex uses her ability to take over Deathlocket's systems and plans to become Queen of Murderworld. As Hazmat is close to exploding, Reptil swims her out to sea so that the explosion can't harm anyone. The explosion causes everyone to stop fighting each other. Deathlocket shoots Apex off-screen and shuts down Murderworld. Afterwards, the surviving teenagers are rescued by S.H.I.E.L.D., Wolverine, Henry Pym, and Captain Britain. Reptil is fished out of the water by a S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"*characters were featured as part-time students in Avengers Academy later in that seriesDeath Locket and the students from the Braddock Academy were created by Hopeless and Walker just for Avengers Arena","title":"Characters"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Collected editions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Variety","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazines)"},{"link_name":"Katy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katy_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)"},{"link_name":"Awkwafina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awkwafina"},{"link_name":"Marvel Cinematic Universe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe"},{"link_name":"Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang-Chi_and_the_Legend_of_the_Ten_Rings"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"In September 2021, Variety reported that the character of Katy (portrayed by Awkwafina) in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings was considered a loose adaptation of Katy / Apex, a character created for Avengers Arena.[7]","title":"In other media"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Marvel NOW!\". 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Retrieved 18 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2012/09/14-1/marvel-reveals-avengers-arena-homage-to-battle-royale","url_text":"\"Marvel Reveals \"Avengers Arena\" Homage to \"Battle Royale\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunchyroll","url_text":"Crunchyroll"}]},{"reference":"McMillan, Graeme (September 3, 2021). \"The Best 'Shang-Chi' Comics to Read Before Watching the New Marvel Film\". Variety. Retrieved 3 September 2021. Awkwafina's character Katy in \"Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings\" is, in Marvel's comic book continuity, a superhero in her own right. Well… maybe not a superhero, per se. Created for the Avengers Arena miniseries, Katy's alter-ego, Apex, is a far more complicated character than her movie incarnation would suggest, and she's not necessarily the good guy throughout the entire story, either.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/shop/shang-chi-comics-1235055749","url_text":"\"The Best 'Shang-Chi' Comics to Read Before Watching the New Marvel Film\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)","url_text":"Variety"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awkwafina","url_text":"Awkwafina"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katy_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)","url_text":"Katy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang-Chi_and_the_Legend_of_the_Ten_Rings","url_text":"Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse_(Marvel_Comics)","url_text":"Marvel's comic book continuity"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_series_(comics)","url_text":"miniseries"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://marvel.com/news/story/19008/marvel_now","external_links_name":"\"Marvel NOW!\""},{"Link":"http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=40986","external_links_name":"\"Hopeless and Walker Populate \"Avengers Arena\" For Marvel NOW!\""},{"Link":"http://comicbook.com/blog/2013/08/15/avengers-arena-cancelled-with-novembers-18/","external_links_name":"\"Avengers Arena Cancelled With November's #18\""},{"Link":"http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=48419","external_links_name":"\"NYCC EXCLUSIVE: Hopeless is Seduced by Evil in \"Avengers Undercover\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=40863","external_links_name":"\"Survive\""},{"Link":"https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2012/09/14-1/marvel-reveals-avengers-arena-homage-to-battle-royale","external_links_name":"\"Marvel Reveals \"Avengers Arena\" Homage to \"Battle Royale\"\""},{"Link":"https://variety.com/shop/shang-chi-comics-1235055749","external_links_name":"\"The Best 'Shang-Chi' Comics to Read Before Watching the New Marvel Film\""}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Ming-Yi | Wu Ming-yi | ["1 Biography","2 Work","3 Works","3.1 Novels","3.2 Essay Collections","3.3 Literary Theory","3.4 Edited","4 Awards and honors","4.1 International","4.2 Domestic","5 References","6 External links"] | Taiwanese writer
In this Chinese name, the family name is Wu.
Wu Ming-yiBorn20 June 1971Taoyuan, Taiwan (now Taoyuan District, Taoyuan City)OccupationAuthor, ScholarNationalityTaiwaneseAlma materNational Central UniversityFu Jen Catholic UniversityNotable worksThe Man with the Compound Eyes (2011)The Stolen Bicycle (2015)Notable awardsDream of the Red Chamber Award final candidate (2016)Man Booker International Prize nomination (2018)Websitehomepage18.seed.net.tw/web@5/utopiawu/index.html
Wu Ming-yiTraditional Chinese吳明益Simplified Chinese吳明益TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinWú Míngyì
Wu Ming-yi (Chinese: 吳明益; born 20 June 1971) is a multidisciplinary Taiwanese artist, author, Professor of Sinophone literature at National Dong Hwa University and environmental activist. His ecological parable The Man with the Compound Eyes (2011) was published in English in 2013.
Biography
Wu was born in 1971 in Taoyuan, Taiwan (now Taoyuan District, Taoyuan). He holds a BA in marketing from Fu Jen Catholic University and a PhD in Chinese Literature from National Central University. He published his first novel in 1997.
In 2000, he began teaching Chinese literature and creative writing at National Dong Hwa University.
In 2006, Wu resigned from teaching to take uninterrupted time to write and travel, which is when he started his Book The Man with the Compound Eyes.
Dong Hwa University later agreed to a one year sabbatical.
Work
Wu is known for writing environmental literature. He is the author of several literary works, including collections of essays, short stories and novels. He is considered one of the major Taiwanese writers of his generation with writings translated into English, French, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, Czech and Indonesian. In Chinese, he is especially well known for his non-fiction books on butterflies, The Book of Lost Butterflies (2000) and The Dao of Butterflies (2003), which he also designed and illustrated.
In The Man with the Compound Eyes, an ecological parable or eco-fantasy, he tells the story of a young Pacific islander, Atelie (Atile'i in the English translation), from the fictitious island of Wayo Wayo (suggesting Bora Bora) who arrives on the East Coast of Taiwan when the 'trash vortex', a floating mountain of trash which has formed out of the Great Pacific Trash Vortex, collides with the island. The book has been described as "a masterpiece of environmental literature about an apocalyptic aboriginal encounter with modernity...Trash, resource shortages, and the destruction of Taiwan's coastline as a result of the pursuit of unenlightened self-interest are unremarkable raw materials, but mashes them into art." His literature agent described it as a "Taiwanese Life of Pi".
His 2015 book The Stolen Bicycle has been described as a study of bicycles in Taiwan during World War II. An English translation was published in 2017, and in March 2018 the book was nominated for the Man Booker International Prize. It became the center of a diplomatic dispute when, after pressure from the People's Republic of China, the awards organizer changed his nationality from Taiwan to "Taiwan, China". In April 2018, the Man Booker International Prize made the final call stating that "Wu Ming-Yi is listed as ‘Taiwan’".
Works
Novels
We're Closed Today 《本日公休》（Chiuko 九歌出版社，1997）
Grandfather Tiger 《虎爺》（Chiuko 九歌出版社，2003）
Routes in the Dream 《睡眠的航線》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2007）
The Man with the Compound Eyes 《複眼人》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011) 304 Pages, published in English August 29, 2013 by Harvill Secker Randomhouse Paperback and e book, 3 March 2015 and by Vintage Pantheon in North America in spring 2014.
The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》 （Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）
The Stolen Bicycle 《單車失竊記》(Cite Publishing Ltd. 麥田城邦文化，2015) 416 Pages, published in English August 28, 2017 by Text Publishing
The Land of Little Rain 《苦雨之地》(Thinkingdom Media Group Ltd. 新經典文化，2019)
Essay Collections
The Book of Lost Butterflies 《迷蝶誌》（Wheat Field Press 麥田出版社，2000）；（Reprinted by Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2010）
The Dao of Butterflies 《蝶道》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2003）；修訂版（二魚文化，2010）
So Much Water So Close to Home 《家離水邊那麼近》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2007）
Above Flame 《浮光》（ThinKingDom 新經典文化，2014）
Literary Theory
Liberating Nature through Writing 《以書寫解放自然：台灣現代自然書寫的探索》（Da'an Press 大安出版社，2011）；Reprinted under the name 'The Search for Modern Taiwanese Nature Writing 1980-2002：Liberating Nature through Writing' 《臺灣現代自然書寫的探索 1980-2002：以書寫解放自然 BOOK 1》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）
(Co-edited With Wu Sheng) Wetlands - Petrochemicals - Island Imagination 《溼地．石化．島嶼想像》（Unique Route 有鹿文化，2011）
Essays by Taiwanese Nature Writers 1980-2002: Liberating Nature through Writing, vol. 2 《臺灣自然書寫的作家論 1980-2002：以書寫解放自然 BOOK 2》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）
The Heart of Nature—From Nature Writing to Ecological Criticism: Liberating Nature through Writing, vol. 3 《自然之心─從自然書寫到生態批評：以書寫解放自然 BOOK 3》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）
Edited
Selected Taiwanese Nature Writing 《臺灣自然寫作選》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2003）
Awards and honors
International
2007: Routes in the Dream 《睡眠的航線》 named on Asia Weekly's Chinese Language Best 10 Books
2014: Prix du livre insulaire (fr) for The Man with the Compound Eyes 《複眼人》
2015: The Man with the Compound Eyes 《複眼人》 named on Time Out Beijing's The best Chinese fiction books of the last century
2016: The Twitter Literature Award (ja) ranked second in Overseas category for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》
2016: Japan Booksellers' Award ranked third in Excellent translations category for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》
2016: The Best Translation Award (ja) final candidate for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》
2016: Dream of the Red Chamber Award final candidate for The Stolen Bicycle《單車失竊記》
2018: Man Booker International Prize nomination for The Stolen Bicycle 《單車失竊記》
Domestic
1989: National Students Literature Award for Father's Wooden Ruler 〈父親的木尺〉
1992: UNITAS Debut New Author Short Story Award for The Last Xiyilieke〈最後的希以列克〉
1996: Taiwan Literature Magazine Wang Shixun New Author Award for Traces of the Enemy 〈敵蹤〉
1998: Liang Shiqiu Literary Award for Lost Butterflies 〈迷蝶〉
1998: Ecology and Reporting Literature Award for Flying〈飛〉
1999: Central Daily Literature Award for Eyes〈眼〉
2000: Taipei Literature Award Creativity Award for The Book of Lost Butterflies《迷蝶誌》
2001: UDN Literature Award Best Novel for Grandfather Tiger 〈虎爺〉
2003: China Times Open Book Award for The Way of Butterflies
2007: China Times Openbook Award for So Much Water So Close to Home《家離水邊那麼近》
2010: Tao of Butterflies 《蝶道》 named on Kingstone Bookstore's Most Influential Books of the Year
2011: China Times Open Book Award for The Man with the Compound Eyes 《複眼人》
2012: China Times Open Book Award for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》
2012: The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》 named on Books.com.tw's Best Book of the Year
2014: Chiuko Prose Award for Miracle (negative film) 《美麗世（負片）》
2015: Above Flame《浮光》 named on Kingstone Bookstore's Most Influential Books of the Year
2015: China Times Openbook Award for Above Flame 《浮光》
2015: Golden Tripod Award for Above Flame 《浮光》
2016: Taiwan Literature Award (zh) for The Stolen Bicycle 《單車失竊記》
2016: UDN Literature Prize (zh) for The Stolen Bicycle, The Magician on the Skywalk, and So Much Water So Close to Home
References
^ "Capel & Land -- Wu Ming-Yi". capelland.com. 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ a b c d Wu Ming-Yi The Grayhawk Agency, literature agency, Taiwan, undated, accessed 2 September 2018
^ a b "Antonio Chen on Taiwanese novelists in 2011". asymptotejournal.com. 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ "Wu Ming-Yi – The Script Road". thescriptroad.org. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
^ "Capel & Land -- Wu Ming-Yi". capelland.com. 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ Yahsin Huang Bicycles and War: A Review of Wu Ming-yi’s ‘The Stolen Bicycle’ Thinking Taiwan Foundation, December 1, 2015
^ Text Publishing. 29 November 2019. ISBN 9781911231240.
^ Writer protests Man Booker listing nationality as 'Taiwan, China' ABS-CBN.30 March 2018
^ "Statement on behalf of the Man Booker International Prize". themanbookerprize.com. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
^ "Capel & Land -- Wu Ming-Yi -- The Man with the Compound Eyes". capelland.com. 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ Text Publishing -- Wu Ming-Yi -- The Stolen Bicycle. textpublishing.com.au. 2017. ISBN 9781911231240. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
^ Twitter文学賞投票結果上位一覧
^ 2016年本屋大賞、翻訳小説部門 結果発表！/
^ 第六屆「紅樓夢獎」結果
^ Wu Ming-Yi Random House, retrieved 3 September 2018
External links
, official website
Wu Ming-Yi The Grayhawk Agency, Literature agency Taiwan, undated, accessed 2 September 2018
Dan Bloom Shooting for the stars, Taipei Times, April 29, 2013. Article about English translation of The Man with the Compound Eyes.
Authority control databases International
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IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chinese name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_name"},{"link_name":"family name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_surname"},{"link_name":"Wu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_(surname)"},{"link_name":"Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language"},{"link_name":"National Dong Hwa University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Dong_Hwa_University"},{"link_name":"environmental activist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_activist"},{"link_name":"The Man with the Compound Eyes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Compound_Eyes"}],"text":"In this Chinese name, the family name is Wu.Wu Ming-yi (Chinese: 吳明益; born 20 June 1971) is a multidisciplinary Taiwanese artist, author, Professor of Sinophone literature at National Dong Hwa University and environmental activist. 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He holds a BA in marketing from Fu Jen Catholic University and a PhD in Chinese Literature from National Central University. He published his first novel in 1997.In 2000, he began teaching Chinese literature and creative writing at National Dong Hwa University.[1]In 2006, Wu resigned from teaching to take uninterrupted time to write and travel, which is when he started his Book The Man with the Compound Eyes.[2]\nDong Hwa University later agreed to a one year sabbatical.[2]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Chen-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"The Book of Lost Butterflies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_Lost_Butterflies&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Dao of Butterflies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Dao_of_Butterflies&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-grayhawk-2"},{"link_name":"Great Pacific Trash Vortex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_Trash_Vortex"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Chen-3"},{"link_name":"Life of Pi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Pi"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-grayhawk-2"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Man Booker International Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_Booker_International_Prize"},{"link_name":"People's Republic of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China"},{"link_name":"Taiwan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan"},{"link_name":"Taiwan, China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan,_China"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Taiwan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Wu is known for writing environmental literature.[3] He is the author of several literary works, including collections of essays, short stories and novels. 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It became the center of a diplomatic dispute when, after pressure from the People's Republic of China, the awards organizer changed his nationality from Taiwan to \"Taiwan, China\".[8] In April 2018, the Man Booker International Prize made the final call stating that \"Wu Ming-Yi is listed as ‘Taiwan’\".[9]","title":"Work"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Harvill Secker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvill_Secker"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Text Publishing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_Publishing"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"sub_title":"Novels","text":"We're Closed Today 《本日公休》（Chiuko 九歌出版社，1997）\nGrandfather Tiger 《虎爺》（Chiuko 九歌出版社，2003）\nRoutes in the Dream 《睡眠的航線》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2007）\nThe Man with the Compound Eyes 《複眼人》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011) 304 Pages, published in English August 29, 2013 by Harvill Secker[10] Randomhouse Paperback and e book, 3 March 2015 and by Vintage Pantheon in North America in spring 2014.\nThe Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》 （Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）\nThe Stolen Bicycle 《單車失竊記》(Cite Publishing Ltd. 麥田城邦文化，2015) 416 Pages, published in English August 28, 2017 by Text Publishing[11]\nThe Land of Little Rain 《苦雨之地》(Thinkingdom Media Group Ltd. 新經典文化，2019)","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Essay Collections","text":"The Book of Lost Butterflies 《迷蝶誌》（Wheat Field Press 麥田出版社，2000）；（Reprinted by Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2010）\nThe Dao of Butterflies 《蝶道》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2003）；修訂版（二魚文化，2010）\nSo Much Water So Close to Home 《家離水邊那麼近》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2007）\nAbove Flame 《浮光》（ThinKingDom 新經典文化，2014）","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Literary Theory","text":"Liberating Nature through Writing 《以書寫解放自然：台灣現代自然書寫的探索》（Da'an Press 大安出版社，2011）；Reprinted under the name 'The Search for Modern Taiwanese Nature Writing 1980-2002：Liberating Nature through Writing' 《臺灣現代自然書寫的探索 1980-2002：以書寫解放自然 BOOK 1》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）\n(Co-edited With Wu Sheng) Wetlands - Petrochemicals - Island Imagination 《溼地．石化．島嶼想像》（Unique Route 有鹿文化，2011）\nEssays by Taiwanese Nature Writers 1980-2002: Liberating Nature through Writing, vol. 2 《臺灣自然書寫的作家論 1980-2002：以書寫解放自然 BOOK 2》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）\nThe Heart of Nature—From Nature Writing to Ecological Criticism: Liberating Nature through Writing, vol. 3 《自然之心─從自然書寫到生態批評：以書寫解放自然 BOOK 3》（Summer Festival 夏日出版社，2011）","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Edited","text":"Selected Taiwanese Nature Writing 《臺灣自然寫作選》（2-fishes 二魚文化，2003）","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Awards and honors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Asia Weekly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Weekly"},{"link_name":"Prix du livre 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category for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》[12]\n2016: Japan Booksellers' Award ranked third in Excellent translations category for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》\n2016: The Best Translation Award (ja) final candidate for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》[13]\n2016: Dream of the Red Chamber Award final candidate for The Stolen Bicycle《單車失竊記》[14]\n2018: Man Booker International Prize nomination for The Stolen Bicycle 《單車失竊記》","title":"Awards and honors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Liang Shiqiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Shiqiu"},{"link_name":"Central Daily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Daily_News"},{"link_name":"Taipei Literature Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taipei_Literature_Award&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"UDN Literature Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UDN_Literature_Award&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"China Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Times"},{"link_name":"Kingstone Bookstore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingstone_Bookstore&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Books.com.tw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books.com.tw"},{"link_name":"Kingstone Bookstore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingstone_Bookstore&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Golden Tripod","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Tripod"},{"link_name":"Taiwan Literature Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Literature_Award&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"zh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E"},{"link_name":"UDN Literature Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UDN_Literature_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"zh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%A0%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%8D%8E"}],"sub_title":"Domestic","text":"1989: National Students Literature Award for Father's Wooden Ruler 〈父親的木尺〉\n1992: UNITAS Debut New Author Short Story Award for The Last Xiyilieke〈最後的希以列克〉\n1996: Taiwan Literature Magazine Wang Shixun New Author Award for Traces of the Enemy 〈敵蹤〉\n1998: Liang Shiqiu Literary Award for Lost Butterflies 〈迷蝶〉\n1998: Ecology and Reporting Literature Award for Flying〈飛〉\n1999: Central Daily Literature Award for Eyes〈眼〉\n2000: Taipei Literature Award Creativity Award for The Book of Lost Butterflies《迷蝶誌》\n2001: UDN Literature Award Best Novel for Grandfather Tiger 〈虎爺〉\n2003: China Times Open Book Award for The Way of Butterflies[15]\n2007: China Times Openbook Award for So Much Water So Close to Home《家離水邊那麼近》\n2010: Tao of Butterflies 《蝶道》 named on Kingstone Bookstore's Most Influential Books of the Year\n2011: China Times Open Book Award for The Man with the Compound Eyes 《複眼人》\n2012: China Times Open Book Award for The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》\n2012: The Magician on the Skywalk 《天橋上的魔術師》 named on Books.com.tw's Best Book of the Year\n2014: Chiuko Prose Award for Miracle (negative film) 《美麗世（負片）》\n2015: Above Flame《浮光》 named on Kingstone Bookstore's Most Influential Books of the Year\n2015: China Times Openbook Award for Above Flame 《浮光》\n2015: Golden Tripod Award for Above Flame 《浮光》\n2016: Taiwan Literature Award (zh) for The Stolen Bicycle 《單車失竊記》\n2016: UDN Literature Prize (zh) for The Stolen Bicycle, The Magician on the Skywalk, and So Much Water So Close to Home","title":"Awards and honors"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Capel & Land -- Wu Ming-Yi\". capelland.com. 2010. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torch_Song_(short_story) | Torch Song (short story) | ["1 Plot","2 Critical assessment","3 Theme","4 Footnotes","5 Sources"] | Short story by John Cheever"Torch Song"Short story by John CheeverCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishPublicationPublished inThe New YorkerPublication dateOctober 4, 1947
"Torch Song" is a short story by John Cheever which first appeared in The New Yorker on October 4, 1947. The work was included in the short fiction collection The Enormous Radio and Other Stories (1953), published by Funk and Wagnalls. "Torch Song" is included in The Stories of John Cheever (1978).
A work often anthologized, the story is a modern rendering of the mythological Angel of Death.
Plot
Jack Lorey is a twenty-something transplant to New York City, formerly of Ohio, who is seeking a career in New York City. He encounters Joan Harris, who hails from the same Ohio town as Jack, at a social gathering. She has abandoned her hopes of becoming a professional model, and serves at a number of entry level jobs to support herself. Joan's demeanor is that of a healthy, well-adjusted and tolerant woman who enjoys social life. Jack and Joan form a casual platonic relationship, each pursuing their own romantic interests.
During the ensuing years Jack is twice married and divorced, yet his life continues to intersect with that of Joan, who retains her preternatural good looks and vitality. Jack notes that her paramours are generally men in their maturity, all of whom are physically impressive, but typically alcoholics down on their luck. Some are European émigrés, one who poses as an impoverished member of nobility. Joan, who exhibits boundless good cheer and stoic patience toward these men—some of whom cruelly abuse her—remains their faithful patroness. Her good health contrasts sharply with the gradual moral or physical deterioration of her lovers.
When Jack returns from serving in the military in World War II, he suffers financial setbacks and falls ill for months. Joan appears at his sickbed and offers to nurture him back to health. Jack has a shocking epiphany: all of Joan's male lovers have never recovered from their illnesses and bad fortune. It dawns on him that Joan is a benevolent Angel of Death, who has arrived only to preside over his passing. Despite Jack's panicked expulsion of Joan from his room, she serenely insists on returning that evening. Jack prepares to flee from the premises, his ultimate fate unknown.
Critical assessment
James E. O'Hara regards "Torch Song" as one in a "breakthrough trilogy" that marked a distinct advance in the depth and complexity of Cheever's storytelling (The other two stories are "The Enormous Radio and Other Stories" and "Roseheath", also published in The New Yorker in 1947).
Theme
Literary critic Lynne Waldeland notes that Cheever's "ominous introduction" in "Torch Song" anticipates its disturbing climax. :
After Jack Lorey had known Joan Harris in New York a few years, he began to think of her as The Widow. She always wore black, and he was always given the feeling, by a curious disorder in her apartment, the undertakers had just left. The impression did not stem from malice on his part, for he was fond of Joan…
Biographer Patrick Meanor identifies Joan Harris with the mythological figure Hecate of Greek antiquity, "known as one of the most notorious witches or sorcereesses of the ancient world." She escorts her victims by torchlight to the Underworld. Meanor writes:
Few of Cheever's characters are as outwardly normal as Joan Harris of "Torch Song", but no other Cheever figure takes on so ominously or subtly the obvious vampiric characteristics of the fatal woman as she...from 1947 on, there is a deeper and richer texturing taking place in his stories because was permitting archetypal figures - like Joan Harris - to enter his fiction.
Meanor adds this caveat: "There is no question that her character has a vampiric quality, but what makes her the frightening figure she becomes as the story unfolds is that she seems totally unaware of her mythical identity or her necromantic powers."
Literary critic James E. O'Hara cautions that Cheever's narrative is vulnerable to "misunderstandings" that may expose the author to accusations of misogyny. O'Hara writes:
Nowhere does Cheever state or suggest that Joan consciously seeks out men to destroy. She takes them as she finds them, and if anything, it is her passivity that seems to draw out the worst in them. In fact, by the time he glides into a deeper connection with her, Jack has made a thorough mess of his life, and Joan has had nothing to do with that. She is not a diabolical sorceress…"
O'Hara further argues that Cheever "removed the idea of deliberate evil from his portrayal of Joan for a thematic reason. He chose not to oversimplify her in order to drive home the point that evil does not depend on human volition for its existence…"Torch Song" disturbs us precisely because it does not simplify the moral universe."
Writer and critic Tim Lieder notes the fact that Mad Men most likely named Joan Harris after the title character and notes that her angel of death persona is from the perspective of a self-destructive man who turns to mysticism in order to make sense of his wrecked life.
Footnotes
^ O'Hara, 1989. P. 150
^ Bailey, 2009 (1) p. 1025-1027
^ Meanor, 1995 p. 13: "'Torch Song' reveal Joan Harris as a modern day Hecate." And p. 55: "Torch Song" "...a landmark story in Cheever's fiction…"
^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 28: "Torch Song", "...frequently anthologized…" And p. 31: "...Joan appears to be an Angel of Death…"
^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 30: Short summary
^ Meanor, 1995 p. 55-57
^ Donaldson, 1988 p. 214: Fate of Jack "ambiguous."
^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 23, p. 25
^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 30
^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 30: quoted in full by Waldeland, ellipsis in original.
^ Meanor, 1995 p. 56
^ Meanor, 1995 p. 12
^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 23-24
^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 24
^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 24-25: Composite quote for brevity, clarity
^ https://www.tumblr.com/marlowe1-blog/704313558645817344/torch-song-the-stories-of-john-cheever?source=share
Sources
Bailey, Blake. 2009 (1). Notes on Text in John Cheever: Collected Stories and Other Writing. The Library of America. Pp.1025-1028 ISBN 978-1-59853-034-6
Bailey, Blake. 2009 (2). Cheever: A Life. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 770 pp. ISBN 978-1-4000-4394-1
Coale, Samuel. 1977. John Cheever. Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, New York. ISBN 0-8044-6081-7
Donaldson, Scott. 1988. John Cheever: A Biography. Random House, New York. ISBN 0-394-54921-X
Meanor, Patrick. 1995. John Cheever Revisited. Twayne Publishers, New York. ISBN 0-8057-3999-8
O'Hara, James E. 1989. John Cheever: A Study of the Short Fiction. Twayne Publishers, Boston Massachusetts. Twayne Studies in Short Fiction no 9. ISBN 0-8057-8310-5
Waldeland, Lynne. 1979. John Cheever. Twayne Publishers, G. K. Hall & Company, Boston, Massachusetts. ISBN 0-8057-7251-0
vteJohn CheeverNovels
The Wapshot Chronicle (1957)
The Wapshot Scandal (1964)
Bullet Park (1969)
Falconer (1977)
Oh What a Paradise It Seems (1982)
Short story collections
The Way Some People Live (1943)
The Enormous Radio and Other Stories (1953)
The Housebreaker of Shady Hill and Other Stories (1958)
Some People, Places, and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel (1961)
The Brigadier and the Golf Widow (1964)
The World of Apples (1973)
The Stories of John Cheever (1978)
Thirteen Uncollected Stories by John Cheever (1994)
Short stories
"Expelled" (1930)
"Fall River" (1931)
"Late Gathering" (1931)
"The Brothers" (1937)
"Publick House" (1941)
"The Enormous Radio" (1947)
"Torch Song" (1947)
"The Hartleys" (1949)
"Goodbye, My Brother" (1951)
"O Youth and Beauty!" (1953)
"The Five-Forty-Eight" (1954)
"The Day the Pig Fell Into the Well" (1954)
"The Country Husband" (1954)
"The Wrysons" (1958)
"The Scarlet Moving Van" (1959)
"The Music Teacher" (1959)
"The Seaside Houses" (1961)
"Reunion" (1962)
"The Swimmer" (1964)
"The Geometry of Love" (1966)
"The World of Apples" (1966)
"The Fourth Alarm (1970)
"Artemis, the Honest Well-Digger" (1972)
Adaptations
"The Country Husband" (Playhouse 90) (1956)
The Swimmer (1968)
The Five Forty-Eight (1979)
Parc (2008) | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John Cheever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"The New Yorker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker"},{"link_name":"The Enormous Radio and Other Stories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Enormous_Radio_and_Other_Stories"},{"link_name":"Funk and Wagnalls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk_and_Wagnalls"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"The Stories of John Cheever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"Angel of Death","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_of_Mercy_(criminology)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Short story by John Cheever\"Torch Song\" is a short story by John Cheever which first appeared in The New Yorker on October 4, 1947. The work was included in the short fiction collection The Enormous Radio and Other Stories (1953), published by Funk and Wagnalls.[1][2] \"Torch Song\" is included in The Stories of John Cheever (1978).A work often anthologized, the story is a modern rendering of the mythological Angel of Death.[3][4]","title":"Torch Song (short story)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Jack Lorey is a twenty-something transplant to New York City, formerly of Ohio, who is seeking a career in New York City. He encounters Joan Harris, who hails from the same Ohio town as Jack, at a social gathering. She has abandoned her hopes of becoming a professional model, and serves at a number of entry level jobs to support herself. Joan's demeanor is that of a healthy, well-adjusted and tolerant woman who enjoys social life. Jack and Joan form a casual platonic relationship, each pursuing their own romantic interests.During the ensuing years Jack is twice married and divorced, yet his life continues to intersect with that of Joan, who retains her preternatural good looks and vitality. Jack notes that her paramours are generally men in their maturity, all of whom are physically impressive, but typically alcoholics down on their luck. Some are European émigrés, one who poses as an impoverished member of nobility. Joan, who exhibits boundless good cheer and stoic patience toward these men—some of whom cruelly abuse her—remains their faithful patroness. Her good health contrasts sharply with the gradual moral or physical deterioration of her lovers.When Jack returns from serving in the military in World War II, he suffers financial setbacks and falls ill for months. Joan appears at his sickbed and offers to nurture him back to health. 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O'Hara regards \"Torch Song\" as one in a \"breakthrough trilogy\" that marked a distinct advance in the depth and complexity of Cheever's storytelling (The other two stories are \"The Enormous Radio and Other Stories\" and \"Roseheath\", also published in The New Yorker in 1947).[8]","title":"Critical assessment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Hecate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecate"},{"link_name":"Underworld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underworld"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"necromantic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrophilia"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Mad Men","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Men"},{"link_name":"Joan Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Harris"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"Literary critic Lynne Waldeland notes that Cheever's \"ominous introduction\" in \"Torch Song\" anticipates its disturbing climax. [9]:After Jack Lorey had known Joan Harris in New York a few years, he began to think of her as The Widow. She always wore black, and he was always given the feeling, by a curious disorder in her apartment, the undertakers had just left. The impression did not stem from malice on his part, for he was fond of Joan…[10]Biographer Patrick Meanor identifies Joan Harris with the mythological figure Hecate of Greek antiquity, \"known as one of the most notorious witches or sorcereesses of the ancient world.\" She escorts her victims by torchlight to the Underworld.[11] Meanor writes:Few of Cheever's characters are as outwardly normal as Joan Harris of \"Torch Song\", but no other Cheever figure takes on so ominously or subtly the obvious vampiric characteristics of the fatal woman as she...from 1947 on, there is a deeper and richer texturing taking place in his stories because was permitting archetypal figures - like Joan Harris - to enter his fiction.[12]Meanor adds this caveat: \"There is no question that her character has a vampiric quality, but what makes her the frightening figure she becomes as the story unfolds is that she seems totally unaware of her mythical identity or her necromantic powers.\"Literary critic James E. O'Hara cautions that Cheever's narrative is vulnerable to \"misunderstandings\" that may expose the author to accusations of misogyny.[13] O'Hara writes:Nowhere does Cheever state or suggest that Joan consciously seeks out men to destroy. She takes them as she finds them, and if anything, it is her passivity that seems to draw out the worst in them. In fact, by the time he glides into a deeper connection with her, Jack has made a thorough mess of his life, and Joan has had nothing to do with that. She is not a diabolical sorceress…\"[14]O'Hara further argues that Cheever \"removed the idea of deliberate evil from his portrayal of Joan for a thematic reason. He chose not to oversimplify her in order to drive home the point that evil does not depend on human volition for its existence…\"Torch Song\" disturbs us precisely because it does not simplify the moral universe.\"[15]Writer and critic Tim Lieder notes the fact that Mad Men most likely named Joan Harris after the title character and notes that her angel of death persona is from the perspective of a self-destructive man who turns to mysticism in order to make sense of his wrecked life.[16]","title":"Theme"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Hecate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecate"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-9"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"https://www.tumblr.com/marlowe1-blog/704313558645817344/torch-song-the-stories-of-john-cheever?source=share","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.tumblr.com/marlowe1-blog/704313558645817344/torch-song-the-stories-of-john-cheever?source=share"}],"text":"^ O'Hara, 1989. P. 150\n\n^ Bailey, 2009 (1) p. 1025-1027\n\n^ Meanor, 1995 p. 13: \"'Torch Song' reveal[s] Joan Harris as a modern day Hecate.\" And p. 55: \"Torch Song\" \"...a landmark story in Cheever's fiction…\"\n\n^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 28: \"Torch Song\", \"...frequently anthologized…\" And p. 31: \"...Joan appears to be an Angel of Death…\"\n\n^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 30: Short summary\n\n^ Meanor, 1995 p. 55-57\n\n^ Donaldson, 1988 p. 214: Fate of Jack \"ambiguous.\"\n\n^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 23, p. 25\n\n^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 30\n\n^ Waldeland, 1979 p. 30: quoted in full by Waldeland, ellipsis in original.\n\n^ Meanor, 1995 p. 56\n\n^ Meanor, 1995 p. 12\n\n^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 23-24\n\n^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 24\n\n^ O'Hara, 1989 p. 24-25: Composite quote for brevity, clarity\n\n^ https://www.tumblr.com/marlowe1-blog/704313558645817344/torch-song-the-stories-of-john-cheever?source=share","title":"Footnotes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bailey, Blake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Bailey"},{"link_name":"The Library of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Library_of_America"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-59853-034-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59853-034-6"},{"link_name":"Bailey, Blake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Bailey"},{"link_name":"Alfred A. Knopf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-4000-4394-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-4394-1"},{"link_name":"Frederick Ungar Publishing Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Ungar_Publishing_Company"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-8044-6081-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8044-6081-7"},{"link_name":"Random House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-394-54921-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-54921-X"},{"link_name":"Twayne Publishers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twayne_Publishers"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-8057-3999-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-3999-8"},{"link_name":"Twayne Publishers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twayne_Publishers"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-8057-8310-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-8310-5"},{"link_name":"Twayne Publishers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twayne_Publishers"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-8057-7251-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-7251-0"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"John Cheever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"The Wapshot Chronicle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wapshot_Chronicle"},{"link_name":"The Wapshot Scandal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wapshot_Scandal"},{"link_name":"Bullet Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_Park"},{"link_name":"Falconer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconer_(novel)"},{"link_name":"Oh What a Paradise It Seems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_What_a_Paradise_It_Seems"},{"link_name":"The Way Some People Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Way_Some_People_Live"},{"link_name":"The Enormous Radio and Other Stories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Enormous_Radio_and_Other_Stories"},{"link_name":"The Housebreaker of Shady Hill and Other Stories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Housebreaker_of_Shady_Hill_and_Other_Stories"},{"link_name":"Some People, Places, and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_People,_Places,_and_Things_That_Will_Not_Appear_in_My_Next_Novel"},{"link_name":"The Brigadier and the Golf Widow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brigadier_and_the_Golf_Widow"},{"link_name":"The World of Apples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_of_Apples"},{"link_name":"The Stories of John Cheever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"Thirteen Uncollected Stories by John Cheever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteen_Uncollected_Stories_by_John_Cheever"},{"link_name":"Expelled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expelled_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"Fall River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_River_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"Late Gathering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Gathering"},{"link_name":"The Brothers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brothers_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"Publick House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publick_House"},{"link_name":"The Enormous Radio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Enormous_Radio"},{"link_name":"Torch Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"The Hartleys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hartleys"},{"link_name":"Goodbye, My Brother","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodbye,_My_Brother"},{"link_name":"O Youth and Beauty!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Youth_and_Beauty!"},{"link_name":"The Five-Forty-Eight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five-Forty-Eight"},{"link_name":"The Day the Pig Fell Into the Well","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Day_the_Pig_Fell_Into_the_Well_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"The Country Husband","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Country_Husband"},{"link_name":"The Wrysons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wrysons"},{"link_name":"The Scarlet Moving Van","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Moving_Van"},{"link_name":"The Music Teacher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Music_Teacher_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"The Seaside Houses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seaside_Houses"},{"link_name":"Reunion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"The Swimmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Swimmer_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"The Geometry of Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geometry_of_Love"},{"link_name":"The World of Apples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_of_Apples_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"The Fourth Alarm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fourth_Alarm_(short_story)"},{"link_name":"Artemis, the Honest Well-Digger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis,_the_Honest_Well-Digger"},{"link_name":"\"The Country Husband\" (Playhouse 90)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Country_Husband_(Playhouse_90)"},{"link_name":"The Swimmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Swimmer_(1968_film)"},{"link_name":"The Five Forty-Eight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_Forty-Eight"},{"link_name":"Parc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_(film)"}],"text":"Bailey, Blake. 2009 (1). Notes on Text in John Cheever: Collected Stories and Other Writing. The Library of America. Pp.1025-1028 ISBN 978-1-59853-034-6\nBailey, Blake. 2009 (2). Cheever: A Life. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 770 pp. ISBN 978-1-4000-4394-1\nCoale, Samuel. 1977. John Cheever. Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, New York. ISBN 0-8044-6081-7\nDonaldson, Scott. 1988. John Cheever: A Biography. Random House, New York. ISBN 0-394-54921-X\nMeanor, Patrick. 1995. John Cheever Revisited. Twayne Publishers, New York. ISBN 0-8057-3999-8\nO'Hara, James E. 1989. John Cheever: A Study of the Short Fiction. Twayne Publishers, Boston Massachusetts. Twayne Studies in Short Fiction no 9. ISBN 0-8057-8310-5\nWaldeland, Lynne. 1979. John Cheever. Twayne Publishers, G. K. Hall & Company, Boston, Massachusetts. ISBN 0-8057-7251-0vteJohn CheeverNovels\nThe Wapshot Chronicle (1957)\nThe Wapshot Scandal (1964)\nBullet Park (1969)\nFalconer (1977)\nOh What a Paradise It Seems (1982)\nShort story collections\nThe Way Some People Live (1943)\nThe Enormous Radio and Other Stories (1953)\nThe Housebreaker of Shady Hill and Other Stories (1958)\nSome People, Places, and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel (1961)\nThe Brigadier and the Golf Widow (1964)\nThe World of Apples (1973)\nThe Stories of John Cheever (1978)\nThirteen Uncollected Stories by John Cheever (1994)\nShort stories\n\"Expelled\" (1930)\n\"Fall River\" (1931)\n\"Late Gathering\" (1931)\n\"The Brothers\" (1937)\n\"Publick House\" (1941)\n\"The Enormous Radio\" (1947)\n\"Torch Song\" (1947)\n\"The Hartleys\" (1949)\n\"Goodbye, My Brother\" (1951)\n\"O Youth and Beauty!\" (1953)\n\"The Five-Forty-Eight\" (1954)\n\"The Day the Pig Fell Into the Well\" (1954)\n\"The Country Husband\" (1954)\n\"The Wrysons\" (1958)\n\"The Scarlet Moving Van\" (1959)\n\"The Music Teacher\" (1959)\n\"The Seaside Houses\" (1961)\n\"Reunion\" (1962)\n\"The Swimmer\" (1964)\n\"The Geometry of Love\" (1966)\n\"The World of Apples\" (1966)\n\"The Fourth Alarm (1970)\n\"Artemis, the Honest Well-Digger\" (1972)\nAdaptations\n\"The Country Husband\" (Playhouse 90) (1956)\nThe Swimmer (1968)\nThe Five Forty-Eight (1979)\nParc (2008)","title":"Sources"}] | [] | null | [] | [{"Link":"https://www.tumblr.com/marlowe1-blog/704313558645817344/torch-song-the-stories-of-john-cheever?source=share","external_links_name":"https://www.tumblr.com/marlowe1-blog/704313558645817344/torch-song-the-stories-of-john-cheever?source=share"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cocconi | AC Propulsion | ["1 History","2 Vehicles using an AC Propulsion electric drivetrain","3 Connection with Tesla Motors","4 References","5 External links"] | Automobile manufacturer in US
AC PropulsionCompany typePrivately held companyIndustryAutomotive companyFounded1992FounderAlan CocconiHeadquartersSan Dimas, CaliforniaKey peopleWally Rippel and Paul CarosaWebsitewww.acpropulsion.com
AC Propulsion is a San Dimas, California, USA company founded in 1992 by Alan Cocconi, Wally Rippel, and Paul Carosa, that specializes in alternating current-based drivetrain systems for electric vehicles. It offers AC-induction traction motors. The company produces electric vehicle drive systems featuring high performance, high efficiency induction motors and integrated high power battery charging. Previously, they built an electric sports car, the tzero and the eBox, an electric conversion based on the Scion XB. They also develop prototype electric vehicles for OEM customers.
History
Founder Alan Cocconi designed and built the controller used in the original GM Impact, which later became the GM EV1. ACP introduced the first AC-100 in 1992 and the AC-150 150 kW (200 hp) integrated drive system in 1994. The AC-150 has been used in a variety of applications such as the BMW Mini E, Foton Midi taxi and a USPS LLV demo vehicle. AC Propulsion is a leader in Vehicle to grid or V2G systems, with their second generation AC-150 drivetrain offering a bidirectional grid power connection.
The company works with automobile manufacturers such as Changan Automobile.
Vehicles using an AC Propulsion electric drivetrain
Yellow AC Propulsion tzero and red General Motors EV1
AC Propulsion tzero
AC Propulsion eBox
Volvo 3CC
Venturi Fetish
Courreges EXE
Courreges ZOOOP (with lithium polymer batteries)
Wrightspeed X1 (based on the Ariel Atom)
Mini E
Peraves E-Tracer
Toyota RAV4 EV
Tesla Roadster (2008)
Connection with Tesla Motors
Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning had both taken test drives in the lithium-ion battery powered revision of the AC Propulsion tzero before founding Tesla Motors. Martin Eberhard encouraged Tom Gage and Alan Cocconi to move their prototype tzero into production. When they declined, in favor of working on their electrified Scion xB called the eBox, Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning incorporated Tesla Motors to pursue the idea of building an electric roadster in the spirit of the tzero. Elon Musk later test drove the tzero as well, and he also encouraged AC Propulsion to commercialize the vehicle. Tom Gage again deferred, but put Elon Musk in contact with Martin Eberhard which led to Musk becoming Tesla Motors' first major investor through Series A funding.
Before Tesla Motors developed its Roadster's proprietary powertrain, the company licensed AC Propulsion's EV Power System design and Reductive Charging patent which covers integration of the charging electronics with the inverter, thus reducing mass, complexity, and cost. Tesla then designed and built its own power electronics, motor, and other drivetrain components that incorporated this licensed technology from AC Propulsion. Given the extensive redevelopment of the vehicle, Tesla Motors no longer licenses any proprietary technology from AC Propulsion.
References
^ Zorpette, Glenn. (May 1997) Profile: Alan Cocconi – Electric Cars and Pterosaurs are my Business (subscription required), Scientific American 276(5), 32-36. Archive from 1998
^ a b c d e "AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive". Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ a b "AC Propulsion, Inc.: Private Company Information - Businessweek". Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ "AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive". Archived from the original on 2014-07-11. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ Lynch, Michael. "Biden Goes All In On Electric Vehicles—But Consumers Probably Won't". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
^ a b "iCloud". Archived from the original on 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ "Reliance Electric GV3000 5V4160 | Automation Industrial". 5v4160.com. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
^ "Companies Founded in 1992". Ranker. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
^ MEETING WITH CHANGAN AUTOMOBILE AT ACP Archived 2018-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Published: 05 December 2017
^ Vaughn, Mark (2021-08-02). "Yes, You Can Buy Tom Hanks' Tesla!". Autoweek. Archived from the original on 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
^ "AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive". Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
^ "Sacramento, Here We Come!" (PDF). Convention and Tradeshow News. 2001-12-12. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-02-24. AC Propulsion's battery electric Toyota RAV4-EV made it from Southern California to ETIC2001 without stopping to charge.
^ Siry, Darryl (2009-06-25). "Will the Real Tesla Founder Please Stand Up?". Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2019-09-21. ...it is interesting to note that neither Martin Eberhard or Elon Musk came up with the idea of an electric sportscar with excellent range and amazing acceleration. As is evident in some of the emails Elon presents on his blog, the credit rests with a company few outside EV circles has heard of. AC Propulsion developed the idea, and both Eberhard and Musk initially approached the San Dimas, California, company to build the car. Tom Gage and Alan Cocconi had built the t zero, which is essentially the prototypical Tesla Roadster with a 0-60 time of 3.6 seconds and a range of more than 200 miles using commodity lithium-ion cells. One way to look at this is the real technology visionaries were the folks at AC Propulsion, but they lacked the entrepreneurial vision to see just how big an idea it could become and the means to achieve it. Both Eberhard and Musk saw the importance — and potential — of what Gage and Cocconi had created. When Eberhard and Musk approached them individually to prod them into taking the next step and produce the vehicle, Gage opted instead to introduce Musk to Eberhard and get back to work creating the eBox, an electrified Scion xB that Gage considered more practical and economical.
^ "Reductive Charging, AC Propulsion's Reductive Charger Integrated Charging for the Electric Vehicle". AC Propulsion. Archived from the original on 2007-02-06. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
^ Sam Abuelsamid (2008-06-24). "AutoblogGreen Q&A: Tesla Motors Chairman Elon Musk Part 2 – Transmission shifts". Archived from the original on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
^ Tarpenning, Marc; Martin Eberhard (2007-08-24). "Well-to-Wheel Energy Efficiency". Tesla Motors. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2011-02-25. The AC Propulsion lithium-ion charging system (the basis for the design of the Tesla Roadster charging system)...
^ Elon Musk (2009-06-22). "Tesla Leadership". Tesla Motors. Archived from the original on June 24, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-01. Tesla Motors, Inc. consisted of Eberhard, Tarpenning and Wright, plus an unfunded business plan and they were looking for an initial round of funding to create a more advanced prototype than the AC Propulsion Tzero. While there was a basic corporation in place, Tesla hadn't even registered or obtained the trademark to its name and had no formal offices or assets. To save legal fees, we just copied the SpaceX articles of incorporation and bylaws for Tesla and I invested $6.35M (98%) of the initial closing of $6.5M in Series A funding. Eberhard invested $75k (approximately 1%).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to AC Propulsion.
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2 Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business
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Portal | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"San Dimas, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Dimas,_California"},{"link_name":"Wally Rippel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wally_Rippel"},{"link_name":"alternating current","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acpropulsion.com-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-investing.businessweek.com-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-investing.businessweek.com-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"tzero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_tzero"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acpropulsion.com-2"},{"link_name":"eBox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_eBox"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acpropulsion.com-2"},{"link_name":"electric vehicles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle"},{"link_name":"OEM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"AC Propulsion is a San Dimas, California, USA company founded in 1992 by Alan Cocconi, Wally Rippel, and Paul Carosa, that specializes in alternating current-based drivetrain systems for electric vehicles.[1][2] It offers AC-induction traction motors.[3] The company produces electric vehicle drive systems featuring high performance, high efficiency induction motors and integrated high power battery charging.[3][4] Previously, they built an electric sports car, the tzero[2] and the eBox,[2] an electric conversion based on the Scion XB. They also develop prototype electric vehicles for OEM customers.[5]","title":"AC Propulsion"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"GM Impact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM_Impact"},{"link_name":"GM EV1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_EV1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-web.me.com-6"},{"link_name":"Mini E","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_E"},{"link_name":"Foton Midi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton_Midi"},{"link_name":"Vehicle to grid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_to_grid"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acpropulsion.com-2"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Changan Automobile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changan_Automobile"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Founder Alan Cocconi designed and built the controller used in the original GM Impact, which later became the GM EV1. ACP introduced the first AC-100 in 1992 and the AC-150 150 kW (200 hp) integrated drive system in 1994.[6] The AC-150 has been used in a variety of applications such as the BMW Mini E, Foton Midi taxi and a USPS LLV demo vehicle. AC Propulsion is a leader in Vehicle to grid or V2G systems,[2] with their second generation AC-150 drivetrain offering a bidirectional grid power connection.[7][8]The company works with automobile manufacturers such as Changan Automobile.[9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Acp_tzero_DSC00657.JPG"},{"link_name":"AC Propulsion tzero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_tzero"},{"link_name":"General Motors EV1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_EV1"},{"link_name":"AC Propulsion tzero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_tzero"},{"link_name":"AC Propulsion eBox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_eBox"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Venturi Fetish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_Fetish"},{"link_name":"Courreges ZOOOP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courreges_ZOOOP"},{"link_name":"lithium polymer batteries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_polymer_batteries"},{"link_name":"Wrightspeed X1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrightspeed_X1"},{"link_name":"Ariel Atom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Atom"},{"link_name":"Mini E","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_E"},{"link_name":"dead link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acpropulsion.com-2"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-web.me.com-6"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Peraves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peraves"},{"link_name":"Toyota RAV4 EV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_RAV4_EV"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RAV4-12"},{"link_name":"Tesla Roadster (2008)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Roadster_(2008)"}],"text":"Yellow AC Propulsion tzero and red General Motors EV1AC Propulsion tzero\nAC Propulsion eBox[10]\nVolvo 3CC\nVenturi Fetish\nCourreges EXE\nCourreges ZOOOP (with lithium polymer batteries)\nWrightspeed X1 (based on the Ariel Atom)\nMini E[dead link][2][6][11]\nPeraves E-Tracer\nToyota RAV4 EV[12]\nTesla Roadster (2008)","title":"Vehicles using an AC Propulsion electric drivetrain"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Martin Eberhard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Eberhard"},{"link_name":"Marc Tarpenning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Tarpenning"},{"link_name":"AC Propulsion tzero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_tzero"},{"link_name":"Tesla Motors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Motors"},{"link_name":"Scion xB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scion_xB"},{"link_name":"eBox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_eBox"},{"link_name":"Elon Musk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"powertrain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powertrain"},{"link_name":"inverter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverter_(electrical)#Electric_vehicle_drives"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Reductive-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Interview_with_Musk,_pt_2-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TeslaWtoW-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Soap_Opera-17"}],"text":"Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning had both taken test drives in the lithium-ion battery powered revision of the AC Propulsion tzero before founding Tesla Motors. Martin Eberhard encouraged Tom Gage and Alan Cocconi to move their prototype tzero into production. When they declined, in favor of working on their electrified Scion xB called the eBox, Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning incorporated Tesla Motors to pursue the idea of building an electric roadster in the spirit of the tzero. Elon Musk later test drove the tzero as well, and he also encouraged AC Propulsion to commercialize the vehicle. Tom Gage again deferred, but put Elon Musk in contact with Martin Eberhard which led to Musk becoming Tesla Motors' first major investor through Series A funding.[13]Before Tesla Motors developed its Roadster's proprietary powertrain, the company licensed AC Propulsion's EV Power System design and Reductive Charging patent which covers integration of the charging electronics with the inverter, thus reducing mass, complexity, and cost. Tesla then designed and built its own power electronics, motor, and other drivetrain components that incorporated this licensed technology from AC Propulsion.[14][15][16] Given the extensive redevelopment of the vehicle, Tesla Motors no longer licenses any proprietary technology from AC Propulsion.[17]","title":"Connection with Tesla Motors"}] | [{"image_text":"Yellow AC Propulsion tzero and red General Motors EV1","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Acp_tzero_DSC00657.JPG/220px-Acp_tzero_DSC00657.JPG"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive\". Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2014-06-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161220154136/http://www.acpropulsion.com/about.html","url_text":"\"AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive\""},{"url":"http://www.acpropulsion.com/about.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"AC Propulsion, Inc.: Private Company Information - Businessweek\". Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20140610021542/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=24792996","url_text":"\"AC Propulsion, Inc.: Private Company Information - Businessweek\""},{"url":"http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=24792996","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive\". Archived from the original on 2014-07-11. Retrieved 2014-06-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140711160724/http://www.acpropulsion.com/products.html","url_text":"\"AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive\""},{"url":"http://www.acpropulsion.com/products.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Lynch, Michael. \"Biden Goes All In On Electric Vehicles—But Consumers Probably Won't\". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2021-09-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaellynch/2021/08/06/biden-goes-all-in-on-electric-vehicles-but-consumers-probably-wont/","url_text":"\"Biden Goes All In On Electric Vehicles—But Consumers Probably Won't\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210901080802/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaellynch/2021/08/06/biden-goes-all-in-on-electric-vehicles-but-consumers-probably-wont/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"iCloud\". Archived from the original on 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2014-06-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://web.me.com/soareyes/Stans_Mini_E/Mini_E_Blog/Entries/2010/5/16_Meet-Up_at_AC_Propulsion.html","url_text":"\"iCloud\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120621020003/http://web.me.com/soareyes/Stans_Mini_E/Mini_E_Blog/Entries/2010/5/16_Meet-Up_at_AC_Propulsion.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Reliance Electric GV3000 5V4160 | Automation Industrial\". 5v4160.com. Retrieved 2024-01-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://5v4160.com/blog","url_text":"\"Reliance Electric GV3000 5V4160 | Automation Industrial\""}]},{"reference":"\"Companies Founded in 1992\". Ranker. Retrieved 2024-01-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ranker.com/list/companies-founded-in-1992/reference","url_text":"\"Companies Founded in 1992\""}]},{"reference":"Vaughn, Mark (2021-08-02). \"Yes, You Can Buy Tom Hanks' Tesla!\". Autoweek. Archived from the original on 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2021-09-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/a37182616/tom-hanks-tesla-for-sale/","url_text":"\"Yes, You Can Buy Tom Hanks' Tesla!\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210901081004/https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/a37182616/tom-hanks-tesla-for-sale/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive\". Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2007-04-12.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.acpropulsion.com/","url_text":"\"AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080415132405/http://www.acpropulsion.com/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sacramento, Here We Come!\" (PDF). Convention and Tradeshow News. 2001-12-12. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-02-24. AC Propulsion's battery electric Toyota RAV4-EV made it from Southern California to ETIC2001 without stopping to charge.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ctnpublishing.com/pubs/ETIC/ETIC_2001/ShowTimesDay1.pdf","url_text":"\"Sacramento, Here We Come!\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190224214204/http://www.ctnpublishing.com/pubs/ETIC/ETIC_2001/ShowTimesDay1.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Siry, Darryl (2009-06-25). \"Will the Real Tesla Founder Please Stand Up?\". Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2019-09-21. ...it is interesting to note that neither Martin Eberhard or Elon Musk came up with the idea of an electric sportscar with excellent range and amazing acceleration. As is evident in some of the emails Elon presents on his blog, the credit rests with a company few outside EV circles has heard of. AC Propulsion developed the idea, and both Eberhard and Musk initially approached the San Dimas, California, company to build the car. Tom Gage and Alan Cocconi had built the t zero, which is essentially the prototypical Tesla Roadster with a 0-60 time of 3.6 seconds and a range of more than 200 miles using commodity lithium-ion cells. One way to look at this is the real technology visionaries were the folks at AC Propulsion, but they lacked the entrepreneurial vision to see just how big an idea it could become and the means to achieve it. Both Eberhard and Musk saw the importance — and potential — of what Gage and Cocconi had created. When Eberhard and Musk approached them individually to prod them into taking the next step and produce the vehicle, Gage opted instead to introduce Musk to Eberhard and get back to work creating the eBox, an electrified Scion xB that Gage considered more practical and economical.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wired.com/2009/06/tesla-founder/","url_text":"\"Will the Real Tesla Founder Please Stand Up?\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190921032236/https://www.wired.com/2009/06/tesla-founder/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Reductive Charging, AC Propulsion's Reductive Charger Integrated Charging for the Electric Vehicle\". AC Propulsion. Archived from the original on 2007-02-06. Retrieved 2007-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070206121745/http://www.acpropulsion.com/technology/reductivecharging.htm","url_text":"\"Reductive Charging, AC Propulsion's Reductive Charger Integrated Charging for the Electric Vehicle\""},{"url":"http://www.acpropulsion.com/technology/reductivecharging.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Sam Abuelsamid (2008-06-24). \"AutoblogGreen Q&A: Tesla Motors Chairman Elon Musk Part 2 – Transmission shifts\". Archived from the original on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-06-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.autobloggreen.com/2008/06/24/autobloggreen-qanda-tesla-motors-chairman-elon-musk-part-2-tran/","url_text":"\"AutoblogGreen Q&A: Tesla Motors Chairman Elon Musk Part 2 – Transmission shifts\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080626184604/http://www.autobloggreen.com/2008/06/24/autobloggreen-qanda-tesla-motors-chairman-elon-musk-part-2-tran/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Tarpenning, Marc; Martin Eberhard (2007-08-24). \"Well-to-Wheel Energy Efficiency\". Tesla Motors. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2011-02-25. The AC Propulsion lithium-ion charging system (the basis for the design of the Tesla Roadster charging system)...","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071011010258/http://www.teslamotors.com/efficiency/well_to_wheel.php","url_text":"\"Well-to-Wheel Energy Efficiency\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Motors","url_text":"Tesla Motors"},{"url":"http://www.teslamotors.com/efficiency/well_to_wheel.php","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Elon Musk (2009-06-22). \"Tesla Leadership\". Tesla Motors. Archived from the original on June 24, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-01. Tesla Motors, Inc. consisted of Eberhard, Tarpenning and Wright, plus an unfunded business plan and they were looking for an initial round of funding to create a more advanced prototype than the AC Propulsion Tzero. While there was a basic corporation in place, Tesla hadn't even registered or obtained the trademark to its name and had no formal offices or assets. To save legal fees, we just copied the SpaceX articles of incorporation and bylaws for Tesla and I invested $6.35M (98%) of the initial closing of $6.5M in Series A funding. Eberhard invested $75k (approximately 1%).","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk","url_text":"Elon Musk"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090624221445/http://www.teslamotors.com/blog2/?p=73","url_text":"\"Tesla Leadership\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Motors","url_text":"Tesla Motors"},{"url":"http://www.teslamotors.com/blog2/?p=73","url_text":"the original"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.acpropulsion.com/","external_links_name":"www.acpropulsion.com"},{"Link":"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/electric-cars-and-pterosaurs-are-my/","external_links_name":"Profile: Alan Cocconi – Electric Cars and Pterosaurs are my Business"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/19980131092458/http://www.scientificamerican.com/0597issue/0597profile.html","external_links_name":"Archive from 1998"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161220154136/http://www.acpropulsion.com/about.html","external_links_name":"\"AC Propulsion - Creating electric vehicles that people want to drive\""},{"Link":"http://www.acpropulsion.com/about.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20140610021542/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=24792996","external_links_name":"\"AC Propulsion, Inc.: Private Company Information - 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Barrier_(1990_film) | The Barrier (1990 film) | ["1 Summary","2 Cast","3 References"] | 1990 Bahraini drama film
The BarrierA 1990 theatrical posterDirected byBassam Al-ThawadiWritten byAmeen Salih (screenplay),Ali Al Sharqawi (dialogue)Screenplay byAmeen SalihProduced byBassam Al-ThawadiStarring
Ebrahim Bahar
Rashed Al-Hassan
Mariam Ziman
CinematographyHassan AbdulkareemEdited byYousif Al MalakhMusic byHani ShnudahRelease date
June 6, 1990 (1990-06-06) (Bahrain)
Running time97 minutesCountryBahrainLanguageArabicBudget$150,000 (estimated)
The Barrier (transliterated: Al Hajiz) is a 1990 Bahraini drama film directed and produced by Bassam Al-Thawadi, starring Ebrahim Bahar, Rashed Al-Hassan, and Mariam Ziman. The screenplay was written by Ameen Salih. The film is widely regarded as being the first feature film produced in Bahrain.
Summary
The movie deals with social and emotional barriers imposed upon individuals by society and also with those that the individual imposes upon himself. The characters in the movie lack the ability to communicate with each other and therefore, fail to understand their own emotions. Hence, they fail to maintain healthy relationships with each other because of the lack of love amongst them. This failure is attributed to the surrounding environment that does not allow for healthy relationships to grow and prosper.
Cast
Ebrahim Bahar as Mustafa
Rashed Al-Hassan as Hassan
Mariam Ziman as Fatima
Gahtan Al-Gahtani as Mohammed
Latifa Mujren as the Mother
Abdulrahman Barakat as the Father
Soad Ali as Huda
Anwar Ahmed as Gang man
Norah Yousif as the Neighbor
Amina Hussain as Street Girl
References
^ "A Bahraini's passion for films". Gulf Weekly. August 8, 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
^ "IMDB profile". Retrieved 21 June 2012. | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bahraini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain"},{"link_name":"drama film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_film"},{"link_name":"Bassam Al-Thawadi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassam_Al-Thawadi"},{"link_name":"feature film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_film"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GW-1"}],"text":"The Barrier (transliterated: Al Hajiz) is a 1990 Bahraini drama film directed and produced by Bassam Al-Thawadi, starring Ebrahim Bahar, Rashed Al-Hassan, and Mariam Ziman. The screenplay was written by Ameen Salih. The film is widely regarded as being the first feature film produced in Bahrain.[1]","title":"The Barrier (1990 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society"},{"link_name":"relationships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"The movie deals with social and emotional barriers imposed upon individuals by society and also with those that the individual imposes upon himself. The characters in the movie lack the ability to communicate with each other and therefore, fail to understand their own emotions. Hence, they fail to maintain healthy relationships with each other because of the lack of love amongst them. This failure is attributed to the surrounding environment that does not allow for healthy relationships to grow and prosper.[2]","title":"Summary"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Ebrahim Bahar as Mustafa\nRashed Al-Hassan as Hassan\nMariam Ziman as Fatima\nGahtan Al-Gahtani as Mohammed\nLatifa Mujren as the Mother\nAbdulrahman Barakat as the Father\nSoad Ali as Huda\nAnwar Ahmed as Gang man\nNorah Yousif as the Neighbor\nAmina Hussain as Street Girl","title":"Cast"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"A Bahraini's passion for films\". Gulf Weekly. August 8, 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gulfweekly.com/Articles.aspx?articleid=16419","url_text":"\"A Bahraini's passion for films\""}]},{"reference":"\"IMDB profile\". Retrieved 21 June 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0390072/","url_text":"\"IMDB profile\""}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.gulfweekly.com/Articles.aspx?articleid=16419","external_links_name":"\"A Bahraini's passion for films\""},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0390072/","external_links_name":"\"IMDB profile\""}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Texas_Longhorns_football_team | 2019 Texas Longhorns football team | ["1 Preseason","1.1 Big 12 media poll","1.2 Preseason All-Big 12 teams","2 Schedule","3 Personnel","3.1 Coaching staff","3.2 Roster","4 Game summaries","4.1 Louisiana Tech","4.2 LSU","4.3 @ Rice","4.4 Oklahoma State","4.5 @ West Virginia","4.6 vs. Oklahoma","4.7 Kansas","4.8 @ TCU","4.9 Kansas State","4.10 @ Iowa State","4.11 @ Baylor","4.12 Texas Tech","4.13 vs. Utah (Alamo Bowl)","5 Rankings","6 Players drafted into the NFL","7 Notes","8 References"] | American college football season
2019 Texas Longhorns footballAlamo Bowl championAlamo Bowl, W 38–10 vs. UtahConferenceBig 12 ConferenceRankingAPNo. 25Record8–5 (5–4 Big 12)Head coachTom Herman (3rd season)Offensive coordinatorTim Beck (3rd season)Co-offensive coordinatorHerb Hand (2nd season)Offensive schemeSpreadDefensive coordinatorTodd Orlando (3rd season)Co-defensive coordinatorCraig Naivar (1st season)Base defense3–4Home stadiumDarrell K Royal–Texas Memorial StadiumUniformSeasons← 20182020 →
2019 Big 12 Conference football standings
vte
Conf
Overall
Team
W
L
W
L
No. 7 Oklahoma y$^
8
–
1
12
–
2
No. 13 Baylor y
8
–
1
11
–
3
No. 25 Texas
5
–
4
8
–
5
Oklahoma State
5
–
4
8
–
5
Kansas State
5
–
4
8
–
5
Iowa State
5
–
4
7
–
6
West Virginia
3
–
6
5
–
7
TCU
3
–
6
5
–
7
Texas Tech
2
–
7
4
–
8
Kansas
1
–
8
3
–
9
Championship: Oklahoma 30, Baylor 23 OT
^ – College Football Playoff participant$ – Conference championy – Championship game participantRankings from AP Poll
The 2019 Texas Longhorns football team, known variously as "Texas", "UT", the "Longhorns", or the "Horns”, represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Longhorns played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. They are a charter member of the Big 12 Conference. They were led by third-year head coach Tom Herman.
Having ended their Big 12 play tied for third place in the conference standings, the Longhorns upset the No. 10 Utah Utes in the 2019 Alamo Bowl to finish the season 8-5 and ranked No. 25.
Preseason
Big 12 media poll
The 2019 Big 12 media days were held July 15–16, 2019 in Frisco, Texas. In the Big 12 preseason media poll, Texas was predicted to finish in second in the standings behind Oklahoma.
Big 12 media poll
Predicted finish
Team
Votes (1st place)
1
Oklahoma
761 (68)
2
Texas
696 (9)
3
Iowa State
589
4
TCU
474
5
Oklahoma State
460
6
Baylor
453
7
Texas Tech
281
8
West Virginia
241
9
Kansas State
191
10
Kansas
89
Preseason All-Big 12 teams
To be released
Schedule
DateTimeOpponentRankSiteTVResultAttendanceAugust 317:00 p.m.Louisiana Tech*No. 10Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial StadiumAustin, TXLHNW 45–1493,418
September 76:30 p.m.No. 6 LSU*No. 9Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial StadiumAustin, TX (College GameDay)ABCL 38–4598,763
September 147:00 p.m.at Rice*No. 12NRG StadiumHouston, TX (rivalry)CBSSNW 48–1342,417
September 216:30 p.m.Oklahoma StateNo. 12Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial StadiumAustin, TXABCW 36–3096,936
October 52:30 p.m.at West VirginiaNo. 11Mountaineer FieldMorgantown, WVABCW 42–3162,069
October 1211:00 a.m.vs. No. 6 OklahomaNo. 11Cotton BowlDallas, TX (Red River Showdown, Big Noon Kickoff)FOXL 27–3492,100
October 196:00 p.m.KansasNo. 15Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial StadiumAustin, TXLHNW 50–4897,137
October 262:30 p.m.at TCUNo. 15Amon G. Carter StadiumFort Worth, TX (rivalry)FOXL 27–3747,660
November 92:30 p.m.No. 16 Kansas StateDarrell K Royal–Texas Memorial StadiumAustin, TXESPNW 27–2497,833
November 162:30 p.m.at Iowa StateNo. 19Jack Trice StadiumAmes, IAFS1L 21–2358,946
November 232:30 p.m.at No. 14 BaylorMcLane StadiumWaco, TXFS1L 10–2449,109
November 2911:00 a.m.Texas TechDarrell K Royal–Texas Memorial StadiumAustin, TX (rivalry)FOXW 49–2493,747
December 316:30 p.m.vs. No. 11 Utah*AlamodomeSan Antonio, TX (Alamo Bowl)ESPNW 38–1060,147
*Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll and CFP Rankings after November 5 released prior to gameAll times are in Central time
Personnel
Coaching staff
Source:
Name
Position
Alma mater
Joined staff
Tom Herman
Head coach
Cal Lutheran (1997)
2017
Tim Beck
Offensive coordinator / quarterbacks
UCF (1988)
2017
Stan Drayton
Associate head coach / run game coordinator
Allegheny College (1993)
2017
Oscar Giles
Defensive line
Texas (1991)
2017
Herb Hand
Co-offensive coordinator / Offensive Line
Hamilton College (1990)
2018
Tom leogrande
Wide receivers
2017
Drew Mehringer
Pass game coordinator / wide receivers
Rice (2010)
2017
Craig Naivar
Co-defensive coordinator / Safeties
Hardin–Simmons (1994)
2017
Todd Orlando
Defensive coordinator / Linebackers
Wisconsin (1994)
2017
Derek Warehime
Special teams coordinator / tight ends
Tulsa (2006)
2017
Jason Washington
Recruiting coordinator / Cornerbacks
Texas State (2002)
2017
Yancy McKnight
Head Strength and Conditioning
Missouri Southern (2001)
2017
Roster
Source:
2019 Texas Longhorns football
Quarterback
2 Roschon Johnson – freshman (6'2, 220)
8 Casey Thompson – freshman (6'1, 195)
11 Sam Ehlinger – junior (6'3, 230)
14 Sam Saxton – freshman (6'5, 205)
16 Ben Ballard – freshman (5'11, 195)
Running back
21 Jordan Whittington – freshman (6'1, 215)
23 Jarrett Smith – freshman (5'7, 200)
24 Derrian Brown – freshman (5'10, 180)
26 Keaontay Ingram – sophomore (6'0, 220)
28 Kirk Johnson – senior (6'0, 215)
32 Daniel Young – junior (6'0, 220)
37 Jaren Watkins – sophomore (5'5, 160)
Wide receiver
1 John Burt – senior (6'3, 205)
6 Devin Duvernay – senior (5'11, 210)
9 Collin Johnson – senior (6'6, 220)
13 Brennan Eagles – sophomore (6'4, 225)
14 Joshua Moore – sophomore (6'1, 180)
15 Marcus Washington – freshman (6'2, 200)
16 Jake Smith – freshman (6'0, 200)
19 Kartik Akkihal – freshman (6'2, 200)
38 Parker Alford – freshman (5'10, 175)
80 Kai Money – freshman (6'0, 165)
83 Al’Vonte Woodard – freshman (6'2, 210)
84 Kennedy Lewis – freshman (6'3, 200)
85 Malcolm Epps – freshman (6'6, 245)
86 Jordan Pouncey – sophomore (6'2, 205)
88 Kai Jarmon – sophomore (6'0, 190)
89 Travis West – freshman (6'0, 180)
Tight end
18 Jared Wiley – freshman (6'7, 255)
42 Nathan Hatter – freshman (6'2, 260)
80 Cade Brewer – junior (6'4, 250)
81 Reese Leitao – freshman (6'4, 245)
87 Austin Hibbetts – sophomore (6'2, 235)
89 Brayden Liebrock – freshman (6'4, 230)
Kicker/Punter
8 Ryan Bujcevski – P – sophomore (6'0, 185)
17 Cameron Dicker – K – sophomore (6'1, 205)
45 Chris Naggar – K – junior (6'1, 195)
Offensive line
51 Jakob Sell – sophomore (6'3, 305)
52 Sam Cosmi – sophomore (6'7, 300)
55 Willie Tyler – sophomore (6'7, 340)
56 Zach Shackelford – senior (6'4, 305)
61 Ishan Rison – junior (6'0, 260)
63 Troy Torres – freshman (6'0, 305)
64 Michael Balis – freshman (6'5, 305)
65 Isaiah Hookfin – freshman (6'5, 305)
66 Chad Wolf – freshman (6'3, 280)
67 Tope Imade – junior (6'5, 350)
68 Derek Kerstetter – junior (6'5, 300)
70 Christian Jones – freshman (6'6, 300)
71 J.P. Urquidez – junior (6'7, 300)
72 Tyler Johnson – freshman (6'6, 315)
73 Parker Braun – senior (6'3, 300)
74 Rafiti Ghirmai – freshman (6'5, 295)
75 Junior Angilau – freshman (6'6, 300)
76 Reese Moore – freshman (6'7, 295)
77 Javonne Shepherd – freshman (6'6, 315)
78 Denzel Okafor – junior (6'4, 310)
79 Matt Frost – freshman (6'4, 265)
Defensive line
32 Malcolm Roach – senior (6'3, 290)
36 Jacoby Jones – junior (6'4, 275)
42 Marquez Bimage – junior (6'2, 270)
43 Chris Hannon – freshman (6'3, 230)
45 Peter Mpagi – freshman (6'5, 260)
49 Ta’Quon Graham – junior (6'3, 300)
55 D’Andre Christmas-Giles – junior (6'3, 315)
88 Daniel Carson – freshman (6'4, 295)
90 Rob Cummins – sophomore (6'5, 260)
91 Jamari Chisholm – senior (6'5, 300)
92 Myron Warren – freshman (6'2, 270)
93 T'Vondre Sweat – freshman (6'4, 320)
94 Gerald Wilbon – senior (6'3, 325)
96 Tristan Bennett – junior (6'3, 240)
97 Patrick Bayouth – freshman (6'4, 260)
98 Moro Ojomo – freshman (6'3, 280)
99 Keondre Coburn – freshman (6'2, 340)
Deep Snapper
47 Chandler Kelehan – freshman (6'1, 200)
54 Justin Mader – sophomore (6'2, 235)
Linebacker
1 DeGabriel Floyd – Freshman (6'2, 240)
6 Juwan Mitchell – sophomore (6'1, 240)
13 Marcus Tillman, Jr. – freshman (6'1, 235)
23 Jeffrey McCulloch – senior (6'3, 245)
30 Caleb Johnson – junior (6'0, 235)
33 David Gbenda – freshman (6'0, 220)
35 Russell Hine – sophomore (6'2, 210)
40 Ayodele Adeoye – freshman (6'1, 250)
46 Joseph Ossai – sophomore (6'4, 245)
47 Luke Brockermeyer – freshman (6'3, 220)
48 Jake Ehlinger – freshman (5'11, 225)
50 Byron Vaughns – freshman (6'4, 245)
52 Jett Bush – freshman (6'2, 230)
57 Cort Jaquess – sophomore (6'0, 240)
Defensive back
2 Kenyatta Watson II – freshman (6'1, 190)
3 Jalen Green – sophomore (6'1, 185)
4 Anthony Cook – sophomore (6'1, 190)
5 D'Shawn Jamison – sophomore (5'10, 190)
7 Caden Sterns – sophomore (6'1, 205)
11 Chris Adimora – freshman (6'1, 185)
15 Chris Brown – junior (5'11, 195)
17 Myles Mass – freshman (5'11, 195)
18 Tremayne Prudhomme – freshman (6'1, 190)
19 Brandon Jones – senior (6'0, 205)
21 Turner Symonds – freshman (6'1, 185)
24 Marques Caldwell – freshman (6'1, 195)
25 B.J. Foster – sophomore (6'2, 210)
26 Christian Tschauner – freshman (5'11, 190)
27 Donovan Duvernay – junior (5'9, 195)
28 Mason Ramirez – senior (5'10, 210)
29 Josh Thompson – junior (6'0, 200)
31 DeMarvion Overshown – sophomore (6'4, 210)
37 Doak Wilson – freshman (6'0, 190)
38 Kobe Boyce – sophomore (6'1, 180)
39 Montrell Estell – sophomore (6'1, 205)
41 Hank Coutoumanos – junior (6'0, 195)
44 Tyler Owens – freshman (6'2, 205)
Legend
(C) Team captain
(S) Suspended
(I) Ineligible
Injured
Redshirt
Game summaries
Louisiana Tech
See also: 2019 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs at Texas Longhorns
Period
1
2
34Total
Bulldogs
0
0
01414
No. 10 Longhorns
7
17
14745
at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas
Date: August 31, 2019Game time: 7:00 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 93 • Wind: S 3 mph • Weather: Partly cloudyGame attendance: 93,418Referee: Cooper CastleberryTV announcers (LHN): Lowell Galindo (play-by-play), Ahmad Brooks (analyst), Taylor Davis (sideline)Box Score
Game information
First Quarter
(12:40) UT – Devin Duvernay 4 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 7–0; 7 plays, 57 yards, 2:20
Second Quarter
(13:20) UT – Collin Johnson 6 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 14–0; 11 plays, 74 yards, 3:32
(10:26) UT – Brennan Eagles 28 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 21–0; 2 plays, 37 yards, 0:34
(2:56) UT – Cameron Dicker 43 yd Field GoalUT 24–0; 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:08
Third Quarter
(9:06) UT – Brennan Eagles 25 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 31–0; 9 plays, 74 yards, 2:46
(2:44) UT – Keaontay Ingram 1 yard run, Dicker kickUT 38–0; 9 plays, 61 yards, 3:30
Fourth Quarter
(13:31) LT – Malik Stanley 5 yard pass from J'Mar Smith, Hale kickUT 38–7; 9 plays, 75 yards, 4:13
(7:54) LT – Griffin Gebert 12 yard pass from Smith, Hale kickUT 38–14; 12 plays, 70 yards, 3:52
(1:09) UT – Casey Thompson 2 yard run, Dicker kickUT 45–14; 5 plays, 27 yards, 1:43
Passing
LT – J'Mar Smith – 34–51, 331 yds, 2 TDs, 1 INT
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 28–38, 376 yds, 4 TDs
Rushing
LT – Jaqwis Dancy – 7 carries, 25 yds
UT – Keaontay Ingram – 11 carries, 78 yds, 1 TD
Receiving
LT – Smoke Harris – 6 receptions, 68 yards
UT – Brennan Eagles – 3 receptions, 59 yards, 2 TDs
LSU
See also: 2019 LSU Tigers football team
LSU Tigers at Texas Longhorns
Period
1
2
34Total
No. 6 Tigers
3
17
32245
No. 9 Longhorns
0
7
141738
at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas
Date: September 7, 2019Game time: 6:30 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 100 • Wind: S 10–15 mph • Weather: SunnyGame attendance: 98,763Referee: John McDaidTV announcers (ABC): Rece Davis (play-by-play), Kirk Herbstreit (analyst), Maria Taylor (sideline)Box Score
Game information
First Quarter
(8:04) LSU – Cade York 36 Yard Field GoalLSU 3–0; 11 plays, 71 yards, 4:58
Second Quarter
(10:29) UT – Brennan Eagles 55 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 7–3; 8 plays, 78 yards, 2:21
(7:30) LSU – Justin Jefferson 6 yard pass from Joe Burrow, York kickLSU 10–7; 8 plays, 75 yards, 2:59
(1:41) LSU – Cade York 33 Yard Field GoalLSU 13–7; 10 plays, 65 yards, 2:54
(0:47) LSU – Jefferson 21 yard pass from Burrow, York kickLSU 20–7; 3 plays, 58 yards, 0:26
Third Quarter
(6:51) UT – Sam Ehlinger 2 yard run, Dicker kickLSU 20–14; 19 plays, 86 yards, 7:17
(5:10) LSU – Cade York 40 Yard Field GoalLSU 23–14; 6 plays, 53 yards, 1:41
(2:36) UT – Jake Smith 20 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Dicker kickLSU 23–21; 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:34
Fourth Quarter
(14:52) LSU – Terrace Marshall Jr. 26 yard pass from Burrow, York kickLSU 30–21; 6 plays, 75 yards, 2:44
(12:09) UT – Devin Duvernay 44 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickLSU 30–28; 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:43
(9:58) LSU – Clyde Edwards-Helaire 12 yard run, York kickLSU 37–28; 6 plays, 75 yards, 2:11
(3:59) UT – Cameron Dicker 47 Yard Field GoalLSU 37–31; 10 plays, 46 yards, 5:59
(2:27) LSU – Jefferson 61 yard pass from Burrow, Burrow pass to Ja'Marr Chase for 2-Point ConversionLSU 45–31; 6 plays, 75 yards, 1:32
(0:22) UT – Devin Duvernay 15 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickLSU 45–38; 8 plays, 75 yards, 2:05
Passing
LSU – Joe Burrow – 31/39, 471 YDS, 4 TD, 1 INT
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 31/47, 401 YDS, 4 TD
Rushing
LSU – Clyde Edwards-Helaire – 15 ATT, 87 YDS, 1 TD
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 19 ATT, 60 YDS, 1 TD
Receiving
LSU – Justin Jefferson – 9 REC, 163 YDS, 3 TD
UT – Devin Duvernay – 12 REC, 154 YDS, 2 TD
@ Rice
See also: 2019 Rice Owls football team and Rice–Texas football rivalry
Texas Longhorns at Rice Owls
Period
1
2
34Total
No. 12 Longhorns
14
17
71048
Owls
0
0
01313
at NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas
Date: September 14, 2019Game time: 7:00 p.m.Game weather: IndoorsGame attendance: 42,417Referee: Rodney BurnetteTV announcers (CBS Sports Network): Carter Blackburn (play-by-play), Aaron Taylor (analyst), Jenny Dell (sideline)Box Score
Game information
First Quarter
(8:46) UT – Roschon Johnson 25 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 7–0; 12 plays, 82 yards, 6:14
(3:21) UT – Jake Smith 53 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 14–0; 7 plays, 90 yards, 3:13
Second Quarter
(12:11) UT – Keaontay Ingram 26 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–0; 10 plays, 73 yards, 4:29
(6:33) UT – Jake Smith 12 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 28–0; 8 plays, 79 yards, 3:30
(1:01) UT – Cameron Dicker 57 yard field goalUT 31–0; 4 plays, 2 yards, 0:54
Third Quarter
(6:32) UT – Keaontay Ingram 14 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 38–0; 11 plays, 91 yards, 4:48
Fourth Quarter
(7:50) Rice – Aston Walter 3 yard pass from Tom Stewart, Will Harrison kick failedUT 38–6; 12 plays, 73 yards, 6:26
(3:29) UT – Cameron Dicker 46 yard field goalUT 41–6; 7 plays, 40 yards, 4:21
(1:07) Rice – Aston Walter 4 yard pass from Tom Stewart, Antonio Montero kickUT 41–13; 8 plays, 75 yards, 2:22
(0:53) UT – D'Shawn Jamison 98 yard kickoff return, Cameron Dicker kickUT 48–13
Passing
UT – Sam Ehlinger 23/27, 279 YDS, 3 TD
Rice – Tom Stewart 12/23, 179 YDS, 2 TD
Rushing
UT – Keaontay Ingram 13 ATT, 74 YDS, 2 TD
Rice – Aston Walter 16 ATT, 69 YDS
Receiving
UT – Jake Smith 6 REC, 75 YDS, 2 TD
Rice – Austin Trammell 6 REC 97 YDS
Oklahoma State
See also: 2019 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team
Oklahoma State Cowboys at Texas Longhorns
Period
1
2
34Total
Cowboys
3
17
3730
No. 12 Longhorns
0
21
7836
at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas
Date: September 21, 2019Game time: 6:30 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 92 • Wind: SE 15–20 mph • Humidity: 44% • Weather: Partly cloudyGame attendance: 96,936Referee: David AlvarezTV announcers (ABC): Chris Fowler (play-by-play), Kirk Herbstreit (analyst), Maria Taylor (sideline)Box Score
Game information
First Quarter
(9:12) OSU – Matt Ammendola 20 yard field goalOSU 3–0; 13 plays, 76 yards, 5:48
Second Quarter
(14:53) UT – Devin Duvernay 6 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 7–3; 9 plays, 66 yards, 3:46
(12:42) UT – Jake Smith 17 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 14–3; 3 plays, 28 yards, 1:23
(9:21) OSU – Matt Ammendola 43 yard field goalUT 14–6; 8 plays, 49 yards, 3:21
(3:07) OSU – Spencer Sanders 7 yard run, Matt Ammendola kickUT 14–13; 6 plays, 70 yards, 2:17
(2:09) UT – Brennan Eagles 73 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–13; 4 plays, 84 yards, 0:58
(0:11) OSU – Chuba Hubbard 1 yard run, Matt Ammendola kickUT 21–20; 4 plays, 15 yards, 0:42
Third Quarter
(8:02) OSU – Matt Ammendola 27 yard field goalOSU 23–21; 11 plays, 74 yards, 3:44
(5:30) UT – Cade Brewer 25 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 28–23; 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:32
Fourth Quarter
(11:44) UT – Roschon Johnson 2 yard run, Roschon Johnson passUT 36–23; 6 plays, 73 yards, 2:19
(1:37) OSU – Chuba Hubbard 13 yard run, Matt Ammendola kickUT 36–30; 7 plays, 46 yards, 2:07
Passing
OSU – Spencer Sanders 19/32, 268 YDS, 2 INT
UT – Sam Ehlinger 20/28, 281 YDS, 4 TD, 1 INT
Rushing
OSU – Chuba Hubbard 37 ATT, 121 YDS, 2 TD
UT – Keaontay Ingram 21 ATT, 114 YDS
Receiving
OSU – Tylan Wallace 5 REC, 83 YDS
UT – Devin Duvernay 12 REC, 108 YDS, 1 TD
@ West Virginia
See also: 2019 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
Texas Longhorns at West Virginia Mountaineers
Period
1
2
34Total
No. 11 Longhorns
7
14
02142
Mountaineers
7
7
31431
at Mountaineer Field, Morgantown, West Virginia
Date: October 5, 2019Game time: 2:30 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 73 • Wind: ESE 9 mph • Weather: ClearGame attendance: 62,069Referee: Brad Van VarkTV announcers (ABC): Steve Levy (play-by-play), Brian Griese (analyst), Todd McShay (analyst), Molly McGrath (sideline)Box Score
Game information
First Quarter
(13:31) WVU – Sam James 44 yard pass from Austin Kendall, Evan Staley kickWVU 7–0; 4 plays, 76 yards, 1:29
(5:52) UT – Malcolm Epps 22 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTied 7–7; 2 plays, 27 yards, 0:34
Second Quarter
(12:59) WVU – Austin Kendall 1 yard run, Evan Staley kickWVU 14–7; 5 plays, 60 yards, 1:13
(7:56) UT – John Burt 13 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTied 14–14; 11 plays, 69 yards, 4:59
(3:28) UT – Sam Ehlinger 13 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–14; 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:40
Third Quarter
(1:59) WVU – Evan Staley 29 yard field goalUT 21–17; 4 plays, 2 yards, 1:12
Fourth Quarter
(12:42) UT – Devin Duvernay 13 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 28–17; 3 plays, 18 yards, 0:50
(10:31) UT – Sam Cosmi 12 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 35–17; 4 plays, 33 yards, 1:54
(3:57) WVU – T.J. Simmons 19 yard pass from Austin Kendall, Evan Staley kickUT 35–24; 5 plays, 74 yards, 1:30
(3:03) UT – Sam Ehlinger 23 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 42–24; 4 plays, 47 yards, 0:53
(0:48) WVU – Bryce Ford-Wheaton 12 yard pass from Austin Kendall, Evan Staley kickUT 42–31; 11 plays, 81 yards, 2:10
Passing
UT – Sam Ehlinger 18/33, 211 YDS, 2 TD, 1 INT
WVU – Austin Kendall 31/46, 367 YDS, 3 TD, 4 INT
Rushing
UT – Roschon Johnson 21 ATT, 121 YDS
WVU – Kennedy McKoy 6 ATT, 30 YDS
Receiving
UT – Devin Duvernay 6 REC, 86 YDS
WVU – T.J. Simmons 7 REC, 135 YDS, 1 TD
vs. Oklahoma
See also: 2019 Oklahoma Sooners football team and Red River Showdown
Oklahoma Sooners vs. Texas Longhorns
Period
1
2
34Total
No. 6 Sooners
7
3
101434
No. 11 Longhorns
0
3
141027
at Cotton Bowl, Dallas, Texas
Date: October 12, 2019Game time: 11:00 a.m.Game weather: Temperature: 57 • Wind: ENE 8 mph • Humidity: 32% • Weather: Clear skiesGame attendance: 92,100Referee: Mike DefeeTV announcers (FOX): Gus Johnson (Play by Play), Joel Klatt (analyst), Jenny Taft (sideline)Box Score
Game information
First Quarter
(9:54) OU – CeeDee Lamb 1 yard pass from Jalen Hurts, Gabe Brkic kickOU 7–0; 10 plays, 66 yards, 5:06
Second Quarter
(1:49) OU – Gabe Brkic 19 yard field goalOU 10–0; 8 plays, 53 yards, 2:28
(0:00) UT – Cameron Dicker 49 yard field goalOU 10–3; 8 plays, 48 yards, 1:44
Third Quarter
(8:48) UT – Roschon Johnson 4 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickTied 10–10; 7 plays, 93 yards, 2:40
(7:45) OU – CeeDee Lamb 51 yard pass from Jalen Hurts, Gabe Brkic kickOU 17–10; 3 plays, 75 yards, 1:03
(4:44) OU – Gabe Brkic 34 yard field goalOU 20–10; 6 plays, 21 yards, 2:04
(0:00) UT – Sam Ehlinger 2 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickOU 20–17; 5 plays, 60 yards, 1:30
Fourth Quarter
(11:56) OU – CeeDee Lamb 27 yard pass from Jalen Hurts, Gabe Brkic kickOU 27–17; 6 plays, 75 yards, 3:04
(6:53) UT – Cameron Dicker 32 yard field goalOU 27–20; 13 plays, 61 yards, 5:03
(4:19) OU – Jalen Hurts 3 yard run, Gabe Brkic kickOU 34–20; 5 plays, 75 yards, 2:34
(1:49) UT – Sam Ehlinger 4 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickOU 34–27; 10 plays, 75 yards, 2:30
Passing
OU – Jalen Hurts 16/28, 235 YDS, 3 TD, 1 INT
UT – Sam Ehlinger 26/38, 210 YDS
Rushing
OU – Jalen Hurts 17 ATT, 131 YDS, 1 TD
UT – Roschon Johnson 8 ATT, 95 YDS, 1 TD
Receiving
OU – CeeDee Lamb 10 REC, 171 YDS, 3 TD
UT – Collin Johnson 6 REC, 82 YDS
Kansas
See also: 2019 Kansas Jayhawks football team
Kansas Jayhawks at Texas Longhorns
Period
1
2
34Total
Jayhawks
3
14
72448
No. 15 Longhorns
14
7
32650
at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas
Date: October 19, 2019Game time: TBAGame weather: Temperature: 92 • Wind: S 5 mph • Humidity: 20% • Weather: Partly cloudyGame attendance: 97,137Referee: Eddy SheltonTV announcers (LHN): Lowell Galindo (play-by-play), Ahmad Brooks (analyst), Taylor Davis (sideline)Box Score
Game information
First Quarter
(12:56) UT – Roschon Johnson 14 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 7–0; 6 plays, 65 yards, 2:04
(6:31) UT – Jake Smith 10 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 14–0; 10 plays, 72 yards, 3:25
(4:01) KU – Liam Jones 23 yard field goalUT 14–3; 6 plays, 74 yards, 2:25
Second Quarter
(13:24) KU – Pooka Williams 7 yard run, Liam Jones kickUT 14–10; 9 plays, 50 yards, 3:17
(8:38) KU – Takulve Williams 7 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Liam Jones kickKU 17–14; 4 plays, 60 yards, 1:47
(2:19) UT – Brennan Eagles 5 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–17; 10 plays, 84 yards, 2:51
Third Quarter
(9:48) KU – Stephon Robinson Jr. 9 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Liam Jones kickKU 24–21; 14 plays, 75 yards, 5:12
(6:59) UT – Cameron Dicker 39 yard field goalTied 24–24; 9 plays, 54 yards, 2:49
Fourth Quarter
(14:01) UT – Devin Duvernay 14 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 31–24; 12 plays, 79 yards, 4:41
(10:06) KU – Pooka Williams 16 yard run, Liam Jones kick blockedUT 31–30; 1 plays, 16 yards, 0:08
(10:06) UT – D'Shawn Jamison 98 yard PAT returnUT 33–30
(8:32) UT – Devin Duvernay 43 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 40–30; 4 plays, 65 yards, 1:34
(6:56) KU – Liam Jones 46 yard field goalUT 40–33; 7 plays, 47 yards, 1:29
(4:25) KU – Andrew Parchment 11 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Liam Jones kickTied 40–40; 6 plays, 36 yards, 1:54
(2:47) UT – Keaontay Ingram 3 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 47–40; 5 plays, 65 yards, 1:38
(1:11) KU – Stephon Robinson Jr. 22 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Daylon Charlot passKU 48–47; 8 plays, 75 yards, 1:36
(0:00) UT – Cameron Dicker 33 yard field goalUT 50–48; 10 plays, 60 yards, 1:11
Passing
KU – Carter Stanley 27/47, 310 YDS, 4 TD
UT – Sam Ehlinger 31/44, 399 YDS, 4 TD, 1 INT
Rushing
KU – Pooka Williams Jr. 25 ATT, 190 YDS, 2 TD
UT – Keaontay Ingram 14 ATT, 101 YDS, 1 TD
Receiving
KU – Andrew Parchment 3 REC, 83 YDS, 1 TD
UT – Devin Duvernay 8 REC, 110 YDS, 2 TD
The underdog Kansas Jayhawks stayed with the #15 Texas Longhorns for four quarters of play. In the last minutes, Carter Stanley was successful with a 22-yard scoring pass to Stephon Robinson. The following 2-point conversion throw to Daylon Charlot put the Jayhawks ahead by one point. With 1:11 left to play, Texas took over and put together an offensive drive that ended with a game-winning field goal for the Longhorns.
Even with the loss, several of the Kansas players gave great performances: Pooka Williams rushed for 190 yards and two touchdowns; quarterback Carter Stanley threw 310 yards and four touchdowns for the Jayhawks. For the Longhorns, Sam Ehlinger rushed for 91 yards and managed 399 yards passing with four touchdowns. When everything was complete, Texas won by a score of 50–48.
@ TCU
See also: 2019 TCU Horned Frogs football team and TCU–Texas football rivalry
Texas Longhorns at TCU Horned Frogs
Period
1
2
34Total
No. 15 Longhorns
3
14
3727
Horned Frogs
3
10
141037
at Amon G. Carter Stadium, Fort Worth, Texas
Date: October 26, 2019Game time: 2:30 p.m.Game attendance: 47,660TV announcers (FOX): Joe Davis (play-by-play), Brock Huard (analyst), Bruce Feldman (sideline)
Game information
First Quarter
UT – Cameron Dicker 21 Yd Field Goal, 6:32. UT 3–0. Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 4:58.
TCU – Jonathan Song 32 Yd Field Goal, 2:25. Tied 3–3. Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:18.
Second Quarter
TCU — Pro Wells 24 Yd pass from Max Duggan (Jonathan Song Kick), 12:18. TCU 10–3. Drive: 9 plays, 63 yards, 4:27.
UT – Devin Duvernay 47 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 10:57. Tied 10–10. Drive: 4 plays, 75 yards, 1:21.
UT – Keaontay Ingram 17 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 1:11. UT 17–10. Drive: 8 plays, 83 yards, 2:11.
TCU – Griffin Kell 52 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. UT 17–13. Drive: 8 plays, 60 yards, 1:11.
Third Quarter
UT – Cameron Dicker 38 Yd Field Goal, 7:46. UT 20–13. Drive: 7 plays, 52 yards, 2:04.
TCU – Sewo Olonilua 1 Yd Run (Jonathan Song Kick), 5:30. Tied 20–20. Drive: 5 plays, 70 yards, 2:16.
TCU – Jalen Reagor 44 Yd pass from Max Duggan (Jonathan Song Kick), 4:17. TCU 27–20. Drive: 1 play, 44 yards, 0:08.
Fourth Quarter
TCU – Jonathan Song 33 Yd Field Goal, 11:28. TCU 30–20. Drive: 6 plays, 20 yards, 3:32.
UT – Roschon Johnson 2 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 6:50. TCU 30–27. Drive: 12 plays, 75 yards, 4:38.
TCU – Max Duggan 11 Yd Run (Jonathan Song Kick), 1:59. TCU 37–27. Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 4:51.
Passing
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-48, 321 YDS, 2 TD, 4 INT
TCU – Max Duggan – 19-27, 273 YDS, 2 TD, 1 INT
Rushing
UT – Keaontay Ingram – 16 CAR, 71 YDS
TCU – Max Duggan – 13 CAR, 72 YDS, 1 TD
Receiving
UT – Devin Duvernay – 8 REC, 173 YDS, 1 TD
TCU – Taye Barber – 5 REC, 94 YDS
Kansas State
See also: 2019 Kansas State Wildcats football team
Kansas State Wildcats at Texas Longhorns
Period
1
2
34Total
No. 20 Wildcats
14
0
01024
Longhorns
0
7
101027
at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas
Date: November 9, 2019Game time: 2:30 pmGame attendance: 97,833TV: ESPN
Game information
First Quarter
KSU – Malik Knowles 70 Yd pass from Skylar Thompson (Blake Lynch Kick), 13:26. KSU 7–0. Drive: 3 plays, 75 yards, 1:34.
KSU – Wykeen Gill 19 Yd pass from Skylar Thompson (Blake Lynch Kick), 5:18. KSU 14–0. Drive: 8 plays, 63 yards, 4:17.
Second Quarter
UT – Collin Johnson 21 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 12:03. KSU 14–7. Drive: 8 plays, 80 yards, 3:52.
Third Quarter
UT – Keaontay Ingram 34 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 13:17. Tied 14–14. Drive: 4 plays, 75 yards, 1:43.
UT – Cameron Dicker 36 Yd Field Goal, 9:02. UT 17–14. Drive: 7 plays, 52 yards, 2:33.
Fourth Quarter
UT – Keaontay Ingram 12 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 12:17. UT 24–14. Drive: 3 plays, 21 yards, 1:03.
KSU – Joshua Youngblood 98 Yd Kickoff Return (Blake Lynch Kick), 12:03. UT 24–21. Drive: 0 plays, 0 yards, 0:14.
KSU – Blake Lynch 45 Yd Field Goal, 6:45. Tied 24–24. Drive: 9 plays, 45 yards, 3:58.
UT – Cameron Dicker 26 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. UT 27–24. Drive: 13 plays, 67 yards, 6:45.
Passing
KSU – Skylar Thompson – 17-27, 253 YDS, 2 TD
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-29, 263 YDS, 1 TD, 1 INT
Rushing
KSU – Tyler Burns – 8 CAR, 26 YDS
UT – Keontay Ingram – 16 CAR, 139 YDS, 2 TD
Receiving
KSU – Malik Knowles – 3 REC, 94 YDS, 1 TD
UT – Collin Johnson – 7 REC, 110 YDS, 1 TD
In the days leading up to the Kansas State-Texas game, Texas football quarterback Sam Ehlinger was named a semifinalist for the 2019 Wuerffel Trophy. On that same day, the College Football Playoff committee ranked Kansas State at #16 in the first playoff ranking of the season. This was measurably higher than the #20 in the AP Poll and #22 in the USA Today Poll.
The game started with Kansas State taking a 14-point lead in the first quarter and allowed Texas to score a touchdown, making it 14–7 at halftime. Texas took the lead in the third quarter with ten more points to put it at 14–17. Each team added 10 more points in the fourth quarter to make the final score a Texas win 27–24, punctuated with a 26 yard game-winning field goal by the Longhorns' Cameron Dicker just as the clock ran out.
@ Iowa State
See also: 2019 Iowa State Cyclones football team
Texas Longhorns at Iowa State Cyclones
Period
1
2
34Total
No. 19 Longhorns
0
7
01421
Cyclones
7
3
10323
at Jack Trice Stadium, Ames, Iowa
Date: November 16, 2019Game time: 2:30 pmGame attendance: 58,946TV: FS1
Game information
First Quarter
ISU – Charlie Kolar 2 Yd pass from Brock Purdy (Connor Assalley Kick), 10:44. Iowa State 7–0. Drive: 8 plays, 59 yards, 3:01.
Second Quarter
ISU – Connor Assalley 35 Yd Field Goal, 0:47. Iowa State 10–0. Drive: 15 plays, 67 yards, 4:41.
UT – Brennan Eagles 14 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 0:17. Iowa State 10–7. Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 0:30.
Third Quarter
ISU – Deshaunte Jones 75 Yd pass from Brock Purdy (Connor Assalley Kick), 14:46. Iowa State 17–7. Drive: 1 play, 75 yards, 0:14.
ISU – Brayden Narveson 48 Yd Field Goal, 12:09. Iowa State 20–7. Drive: 7 plays, 35 yards, 2:17.
Fourth Quarter
UT – Keaontay Ingram 22 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 14:50. Iowa State 20–14. Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 2:50.
UT – Malcolm Epps 7 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 5:37. Texas 21–20. Drive: 15 plays, 89 yards, 6:43.
ISU – Connor Assalley 36 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. Iowa State 23–21. Drive: 9 plays, 63 yards, 3:00.
Passing
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-40, 273 YDS, 3 TD
ISU – Brock Purdy – 30-48, 354 YDS, 2 TD, 1 INT
Rushing
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 12 CAR, 27 YDS
ISU – Breece Hall – 24 CAR, 101 YDS
Receiving
UT – Devin Duvernay – 9 REC, 107 YDS
ISU – Deshaunte Jones – 7 REC, 144 YDS, 1 TD
@ Baylor
See also: 2019 Baylor Bears football team
Texas Longhorns at Baylor Bears
Period
1
2
34Total
Longhorns
0
3
0710
No. 14 Bears
0
7
14324
at McLane Stadium, Waco, Texas
Date: November 23, 2019Game time: 2:30 pmGame attendance: 49,109TV: FS1
Game information
First Quarter
No scoring plays.
Second Quarter
BU – John Lovett 28 Yd Run (John Mayers Kick), 14:51. Baylor 7–0. Drive: 7 plays, 50 yards, 2:51.
UT – Cameron Dicker 48 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. Baylor 7–3. Drive: 2 plays, 68 yards, 0:18.
Third Quarter
BU – Charlie Brewer 1 Yd Run (John Mayers Kick), 7:36. Baylor 14–3. Drive: 9 plays, 87 yards, 4:33.
BU – Denzel Mims 12 Yd pass from Charlie Brewer (John Mayers Kick), 1:20. Baylor 21–3. Drive: 9 plays, 61 yards, 4:19.
Fourth Quarter
BU – John Mayers 24 Yd Field Goal, 10:57. Baylor 24–3. Drive: 8 plays, 59 yards, 3:43.
UT – Daniel Young 4 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 0:01. Baylor 24–10. Drive: 5 plays, 55 yards, 0:42.
Passing
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-37, 200 YDS, 1 INT
BU – Charlie Brewer – 16-25, 221 YDS, 1 TD
Rushing
UT – Keaontay Ingram – 7 CAR, 86 YDS
BU – Charlie Brewer – 18 CAR, 75 YDS, 1 TD
Receiving
UT – Devin Duvernay – 10 REC, 78 YDS
BU – Denzel Mims – 7 REC, 125 YDS, 1 TD
Texas Tech
See also: 2019 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team and Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry
Texas Tech Red Raiders at Texas Longhorns
Period
1
2
34Total
Red Raiders
14
7
3024
Longhorns
6
22
14749
at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas
Date: November 29, 2019Game time: 11:00 a.m.TV announcers (Fox): Joe Davis (play-by-play), Brock Huard (color), Bruce Feldman (sideline)
Game information
First Quarter
(9:10) TTU – KeSean Carter 13 yard pass from Jett Duffey, Trey Wolff kickTexas Tech 7–0; 11 plays, 80 yards, 2:09
(4:14) TTU – SaRodorick Thompson 10 yard rush, Trey Wolff kickTexas Tech 14–0; 6 plays, 76 yards, 2:39
(0:54) UT – Sam Ehlinger 10 yard rush, kick blockedTexas Tech 14–6; 6 plays, 75 yards, 3:20
Second Quarter
(13:09) UT – Daniel Young 3 yard rush, 2-pt. rush goodTied 14–14; 5 plays, 64 yards, 1:38
(8:13) TTU – Erik Ezukanma 24 yard pass from Jett Duffey, Trey Wolff kickTexas Tech 21–14; 2 plays, 24 yards, 0:23
(8:02) UT – Devin Duvernay 75 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTied 21–21; 1 play, 75 yards, 0:11
(1:22) UT – Roschon Johnson 1 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 28–21; 13 plays, 74 yards, 5:36
Third Quarter
(8:52) UT – Jake Smith 26 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 35–21; 7 plays, 82 yards, 1:56
(6:09) TTU – Trey Wolff 23 yard field goalTexas 35–24; 12 plays, 70 yards, 2:43
(2:35) UT – Roschon Johnson 1 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 42–24; 9 plays, 74 yards, 3:34
Fourth Quarter
(8:50) UT – Roschon Johnson 1 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 49–24; 5 plays, 24 yards, 1:11
Passing
TTU –
UT –
Rushing
TTU –
UT –
Receiving
TTU –
UT –
vs. Utah (Alamo Bowl)
See also: 2019 Utah Utes football team and 2019 Alamo Bowl
Texas Longhorns vs. Utah Utes (Alamo Bowl)
Period
1
2
34Total
Longhorns
3
7
141438
No. 11 Utes
0
0
3710
at Alamodome, San Antonio, TX
Date: December 31, 2019Game time: 6:30 p.m. (CST)Game weather: IndoorsGame attendance: 60,147Referee: John McDaidTV announcers (ESPN): Dave Flemming (play-by-play), Louis Riddick (analyst), Paul Carcaterra (sideline)
Game information
First Quarter
(10:26) UT – Cameron Dicker 29 yard field goal (Drive: 10 plays, 63 yards, 4:34; Texas 3–0)
Second Quarter
(13:24) UT – Collin Johnson 5 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 2 plays, 6 yards, 0:43; Texas 10–0)
Third Quarter
(10:30) UT – Keaontay Ingram 11 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 3 plays, 43 yards, 1:04; Texas 17–0)
(4:58) UTAH – Jadon Redding 32 yard field goal (Drive: 11 plays, 60 yards, 5:32; Texas 17–3)
(0:06) UT – Sam Ehlinger 6 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 7 plays, 75 yards, 4:52; Texas 24–3)
Fourth Quarter
(11:34) UTAH – Demari Simpkins 4 yard pass from Tyler Huntley, Jadon Redding kick (Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 3:32; Texas 24–10)
(8:58) UT – Devin Duvernay 15 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:36; Texas 31–10)
(7:54) UT – Keaontay Ingram 49 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 1 play, 49 yards, 0:13; Texas 38–10)
Passing
UT – Sam Ehlinger – 12/18, 201 yards, 3 TD, 1 INT
UTAH – Tyler Huntley – 15/23, 126 yards, 1 TD
Rushing
UT – Keaontay Ingram – 13 carries, 108 yards, 1 TD
UTAH – Zack Moss – 16 carries, 57 yards
Receiving
UT – Devin Duvernay – 3 receptions, 92 yards, 1 TD
UTAH – Brant Kuithe, Cole Fotheringham – 3 receptions, 30 yards
Rankings
Further information: 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings
Ranking movementsLegend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking — = Not ranked RV = Received votesWeekPollPre123456789101112131415FinalAP10912121111111515RVRV22RV———25Coaches1091313121211151524RV23————RVCFPNot released—19————Not released
Players drafted into the NFL
See also: 2020 NFL Draft
Round
Pick
Player
Position
NFL Club
3
70
Brandon Jones
S
Miami Dolphins
3
92
Devin Duvernay
WR
Baltimore Ravens
5
165
Collin Johnson
WR
Jacksonville Jaguars
Notes
^ Both Kuithe and Fotheringham finished with the same number of receptions and receiving yards, meaning Utah finished with two leading receivers.
References
^ "Sooners Picked First in Media Preseason Poll". big12sports.com. Big 12 Conference. July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
^ "2020 Football Schedule". University of Texas Athletics.
^ "Football Coaches". University of Texas Athletics. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
^ "2019 Football Roster". University of Texas Athletics. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
^ a b "No. 15 Texas beats Kansas 50–48 on last-second FG". ESPN. October 19, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
^ Dukes, Chris (November 5, 2019). "Texas Football: Sam Ehlinger Named a Wuerfel Semifinalist". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
^ Robinett, Kellis (November 5, 2019). "College Football Playoff committee takes notice of K-State in opening rankings". Kansas City Star. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
^ "Dicker FG sends Texas over No. 20 Kansas State 27–24". CBS News. November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
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National championship seasons in bold | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Texas at Austin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin"},{"link_name":"2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season"},{"link_name":"Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell_K_Royal%E2%80%93Texas_Memorial_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Austin, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Big 12 Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_12_Conference"},{"link_name":"Tom Herman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Herman"},{"link_name":"Utah Utes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Utah_Utes_football_team"},{"link_name":"2019 Alamo Bowl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Alamo_Bowl"}],"text":"The 2019 Texas Longhorns football team, known variously as \"Texas\", \"UT\", the \"Longhorns\", or the \"Horns”, represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Longhorns played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. They are a charter member of the Big 12 Conference. They were led by third-year head coach Tom Herman.Having ended their Big 12 play tied for third place in the conference standings, the Longhorns upset the No. 10 Utah Utes in the 2019 Alamo Bowl to finish the season 8-5 and ranked No. 25.","title":"2019 Texas Longhorns football team"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Preseason"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frisco, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisco,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Oklahoma_Sooners_football_team"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"sub_title":"Big 12 media poll","text":"The 2019 Big 12 media days were held July 15–16, 2019 in Frisco, Texas. In the Big 12 preseason media poll, Texas was predicted to finish in second in the standings behind Oklahoma.[1]","title":"Preseason"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Preseason All-Big 12 teams","text":"To be released","title":"Preseason"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"[2]","title":"Schedule"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"sub_title":"Coaching staff","text":"Source: [3]","title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"sub_title":"Roster","text":"Source: [4]","title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Louisiana_Tech_Bulldogs_football_team"},{"link_name":"Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell_K_Royal%E2%80%93Texas_Memorial_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Austin, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas"},{"link_name":"LHN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longhorn_Network"},{"link_name":"Ahmad Brooks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_D._Brooks"},{"link_name":"Box Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12601&path=football"},{"link_name":"Cameron Dicker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Dicker"},{"link_name":"Casey Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casey_Thompson"},{"link_name":"Sam Ehlinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Ehlinger"},{"link_name":"Keaontay Ingram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keaontay_Ingram"}],"sub_title":"Louisiana Tech","text":"See also: 2019 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football teamLouisiana Tech Bulldogs at Texas Longhorns\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nBulldogs\n0\n0\n01414\n\nNo. 10 Longhorns\n7\n17\n14745\n\nat Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas\n\nDate: August 31, 2019Game time: 7:00 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 93 • Wind: S 3 mph • Weather: Partly cloudyGame attendance: 93,418Referee: Cooper CastleberryTV announcers (LHN): Lowell Galindo (play-by-play), Ahmad Brooks (analyst), Taylor Davis (sideline)Box Score\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(12:40) UT – Devin Duvernay 4 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 7–0; 7 plays, 57 yards, 2:20\nSecond Quarter\n(13:20) UT – Collin Johnson 6 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 14–0; 11 plays, 74 yards, 3:32\n(10:26) UT – Brennan Eagles 28 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 21–0; 2 plays, 37 yards, 0:34\n(2:56) UT – Cameron Dicker 43 yd Field GoalUT 24–0; 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:08\nThird Quarter\n(9:06) UT – Brennan Eagles 25 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 31–0; 9 plays, 74 yards, 2:46\n(2:44) UT – Keaontay Ingram 1 yard run, Dicker kickUT 38–0; 9 plays, 61 yards, 3:30\nFourth Quarter\n(13:31) LT – Malik Stanley 5 yard pass from J'Mar Smith, Hale kickUT 38–7; 9 plays, 75 yards, 4:13\n(7:54) LT – Griffin Gebert 12 yard pass from Smith, Hale kickUT 38–14; 12 plays, 70 yards, 3:52\n(1:09) UT – Casey Thompson 2 yard run, Dicker kickUT 45–14; 5 plays, 27 yards, 1:43\n\n\nPassing\nLT – J'Mar Smith – 34–51, 331 yds, 2 TDs, 1 INT\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 28–38, 376 yds, 4 TDs\nRushing\nLT – Jaqwis Dancy – 7 carries, 25 yds\nUT – Keaontay Ingram – 11 carries, 78 yds, 1 TD\nReceiving\nLT – Smoke Harris – 6 receptions, 68 yards\nUT – Brennan Eagles – 3 receptions, 59 yards, 2 TDs","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 LSU Tigers football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_LSU_Tigers_football_team"},{"link_name":"ABC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Football"},{"link_name":"Rece Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rece_Davis"},{"link_name":"Kirk Herbstreit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Herbstreit"},{"link_name":"Maria Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Taylor_(sportscaster)"},{"link_name":"Box Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12602&path=football"},{"link_name":"Cade York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cade_York"},{"link_name":"Terrace Marshall Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_Marshall_Jr."},{"link_name":"Ja'Marr Chase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27Marr_Chase"},{"link_name":"Joe Burrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Burrow"},{"link_name":"Clyde Edwards-Helaire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Edwards-Helaire"},{"link_name":"Justin Jefferson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Jefferson"},{"link_name":"Devin Duvernay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devin_Duvernay"}],"sub_title":"LSU","text":"See also: 2019 LSU Tigers football teamLSU Tigers at Texas Longhorns\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nNo. 6 Tigers\n3\n17\n32245\n\nNo. 9 Longhorns\n0\n7\n141738\n\nat Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas\n\nDate: September 7, 2019Game time: 6:30 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 100 • Wind: S 10–15 mph • Weather: SunnyGame attendance: 98,763Referee: John McDaidTV announcers (ABC): Rece Davis (play-by-play), Kirk Herbstreit (analyst), Maria Taylor (sideline)Box Score\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(8:04) LSU – Cade York 36 Yard Field GoalLSU 3–0; 11 plays, 71 yards, 4:58\nSecond Quarter\n(10:29) UT – Brennan Eagles 55 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Dicker kickUT 7–3; 8 plays, 78 yards, 2:21\n(7:30) LSU – Justin Jefferson 6 yard pass from Joe Burrow, York kickLSU 10–7; 8 plays, 75 yards, 2:59\n(1:41) LSU – Cade York 33 Yard Field GoalLSU 13–7; 10 plays, 65 yards, 2:54\n(0:47) LSU – Jefferson 21 yard pass from Burrow, York kickLSU 20–7; 3 plays, 58 yards, 0:26\nThird Quarter\n(6:51) UT – Sam Ehlinger 2 yard run, Dicker kickLSU 20–14; 19 plays, 86 yards, 7:17\n(5:10) LSU – Cade York 40 Yard Field GoalLSU 23–14; 6 plays, 53 yards, 1:41\n(2:36) UT – Jake Smith 20 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Dicker kickLSU 23–21; 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:34\nFourth Quarter\n(14:52) LSU – Terrace Marshall Jr. 26 yard pass from Burrow, York kickLSU 30–21; 6 plays, 75 yards, 2:44\n(12:09) UT – Devin Duvernay 44 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickLSU 30–28; 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:43\n(9:58) LSU – Clyde Edwards-Helaire 12 yard run, York kickLSU 37–28; 6 plays, 75 yards, 2:11\n(3:59) UT – Cameron Dicker 47 Yard Field GoalLSU 37–31; 10 plays, 46 yards, 5:59\n(2:27) LSU – Jefferson 61 yard pass from Burrow, Burrow pass to Ja'Marr Chase for 2-Point ConversionLSU 45–31; 6 plays, 75 yards, 1:32\n(0:22) UT – Devin Duvernay 15 yard pass from Ehlinger, Dicker kickLSU 45–38; 8 plays, 75 yards, 2:05\n\n\nPassing\nLSU – Joe Burrow – 31/39, 471 YDS, 4 TD, 1 INT\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 31/47, 401 YDS, 4 TD\nRushing\nLSU – Clyde Edwards-Helaire – 15 ATT, 87 YDS, 1 TD\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 19 ATT, 60 YDS, 1 TD\nReceiving\nLSU – Justin Jefferson – 9 REC, 163 YDS, 3 TD\nUT – Devin Duvernay – 12 REC, 154 YDS, 2 TD","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Rice Owls football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Rice_Owls_football_team"},{"link_name":"Rice–Texas football rivalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%E2%80%93Texas_football_rivalry"},{"link_name":"NRG Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRG_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Houston, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas"},{"link_name":"CBS Sports Network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Sports_Network"},{"link_name":"Carter Blackburn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter_Blackburn"},{"link_name":"Aaron Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Taylor_(American_football,_born_1972)"},{"link_name":"Jenny Dell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Dell"},{"link_name":"Box Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12603&path=football"},{"link_name":"D'Shawn Jamison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Shawn_Jamison"},{"link_name":"Jake Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Smith_(American_football)"},{"link_name":"Austin Trammell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Trammell"}],"sub_title":"@ Rice","text":"See also: 2019 Rice Owls football team and Rice–Texas football rivalryTexas Longhorns at Rice Owls\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nNo. 12 Longhorns\n14\n17\n71048\n\nOwls\n0\n0\n01313\n\nat NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas\n\nDate: September 14, 2019Game time: 7:00 p.m.Game weather: IndoorsGame attendance: 42,417Referee: Rodney BurnetteTV announcers (CBS Sports Network): Carter Blackburn (play-by-play), Aaron Taylor (analyst), Jenny Dell (sideline)Box Score\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(8:46) UT – Roschon Johnson 25 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 7–0; 12 plays, 82 yards, 6:14\n(3:21) UT – Jake Smith 53 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 14–0; 7 plays, 90 yards, 3:13\nSecond Quarter\n(12:11) UT – Keaontay Ingram 26 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–0; 10 plays, 73 yards, 4:29\n(6:33) UT – Jake Smith 12 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 28–0; 8 plays, 79 yards, 3:30\n(1:01) UT – Cameron Dicker 57 yard field goalUT 31–0; 4 plays, 2 yards, 0:54\nThird Quarter\n(6:32) UT – Keaontay Ingram 14 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 38–0; 11 plays, 91 yards, 4:48\nFourth Quarter\n(7:50) Rice – Aston Walter 3 yard pass from Tom Stewart, Will Harrison kick failedUT 38–6; 12 plays, 73 yards, 6:26\n(3:29) UT – Cameron Dicker 46 yard field goalUT 41–6; 7 plays, 40 yards, 4:21\n(1:07) Rice – Aston Walter 4 yard pass from Tom Stewart, Antonio Montero kickUT 41–13; 8 plays, 75 yards, 2:22\n(0:53) UT – D'Shawn Jamison 98 yard kickoff return, Cameron Dicker kickUT 48–13\n\n\nPassing\nUT – Sam Ehlinger 23/27, 279 YDS, 3 TD\nRice – Tom Stewart 12/23, 179 YDS, 2 TD\nRushing\nUT – Keaontay Ingram 13 ATT, 74 YDS, 2 TD\nRice – Aston Walter 16 ATT, 69 YDS\nReceiving\nUT – Jake Smith 6 REC, 75 YDS, 2 TD\nRice – Austin Trammell 6 REC 97 YDS","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Oklahoma_State_Cowboys_football_team"},{"link_name":"Chris Fowler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Fowler"},{"link_name":"Box Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12604&path=football"},{"link_name":"Matt Ammendola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Ammendola"},{"link_name":"Spencer Sanders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Sanders"},{"link_name":"Chuba Hubbard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuba_Hubbard"},{"link_name":"Tylan Wallace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylan_Wallace"}],"sub_title":"Oklahoma State","text":"See also: 2019 Oklahoma State Cowboys football teamOklahoma State Cowboys at Texas Longhorns\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nCowboys\n3\n17\n3730\n\nNo. 12 Longhorns\n0\n21\n7836\n\nat Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas\n\nDate: September 21, 2019Game time: 6:30 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 92 • Wind: SE 15–20 mph • Humidity: 44% • Weather: Partly cloudyGame attendance: 96,936Referee: David AlvarezTV announcers (ABC): Chris Fowler (play-by-play), Kirk Herbstreit (analyst), Maria Taylor (sideline)Box Score\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(9:12) OSU – Matt Ammendola 20 yard field goalOSU 3–0; 13 plays, 76 yards, 5:48\nSecond Quarter\n(14:53) UT – Devin Duvernay 6 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 7–3; 9 plays, 66 yards, 3:46\n(12:42) UT – Jake Smith 17 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 14–3; 3 plays, 28 yards, 1:23\n(9:21) OSU – Matt Ammendola 43 yard field goalUT 14–6; 8 plays, 49 yards, 3:21\n(3:07) OSU – Spencer Sanders 7 yard run, Matt Ammendola kickUT 14–13; 6 plays, 70 yards, 2:17\n(2:09) UT – Brennan Eagles 73 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–13; 4 plays, 84 yards, 0:58\n(0:11) OSU – Chuba Hubbard 1 yard run, Matt Ammendola kickUT 21–20; 4 plays, 15 yards, 0:42\nThird Quarter\n(8:02) OSU – Matt Ammendola 27 yard field goalOSU 23–21; 11 plays, 74 yards, 3:44\n(5:30) UT – Cade Brewer 25 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 28–23; 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:32\nFourth Quarter\n(11:44) UT – Roschon Johnson 2 yard run, Roschon Johnson passUT 36–23; 6 plays, 73 yards, 2:19\n(1:37) OSU – Chuba Hubbard 13 yard run, Matt Ammendola kickUT 36–30; 7 plays, 46 yards, 2:07\n\n\nPassing\nOSU – Spencer Sanders 19/32, 268 YDS, 2 INT\nUT – Sam Ehlinger 20/28, 281 YDS, 4 TD, 1 INT\nRushing\nOSU – Chuba Hubbard 37 ATT, 121 YDS, 2 TD\nUT – Keaontay Ingram 21 ATT, 114 YDS\nReceiving\nOSU – Tylan Wallace 5 REC, 83 YDS\nUT – Devin Duvernay 12 REC, 108 YDS, 1 TD","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 West Virginia Mountaineers football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_West_Virginia_Mountaineers_football_team"},{"link_name":"Mountaineer Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineer_Field_at_Milan_Puskar_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Morgantown, West Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgantown,_West_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Steve Levy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Levy"},{"link_name":"Brian Griese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Griese"},{"link_name":"Todd McShay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_McShay"},{"link_name":"Molly McGrath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_McGrath"},{"link_name":"Box Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12605&path=football"},{"link_name":"Sam Cosmi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cosmi"},{"link_name":"Bryce Ford-Wheaton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryce_Ford-Wheaton"},{"link_name":"Austin Kendall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Kendall"},{"link_name":"Roschon Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roschon_Johnson"}],"sub_title":"@ West Virginia","text":"See also: 2019 West Virginia Mountaineers football teamTexas Longhorns at West Virginia Mountaineers\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nNo. 11 Longhorns\n7\n14\n02142\n\nMountaineers\n7\n7\n31431\n\nat Mountaineer Field, Morgantown, West Virginia\n\nDate: October 5, 2019Game time: 2:30 p.m.Game weather: Temperature: 73 • Wind: ESE 9 mph • Weather: ClearGame attendance: 62,069Referee: Brad Van VarkTV announcers (ABC): Steve Levy (play-by-play), Brian Griese (analyst), Todd McShay (analyst), Molly McGrath (sideline)Box Score\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(13:31) WVU – Sam James 44 yard pass from Austin Kendall, Evan Staley kickWVU 7–0; 4 plays, 76 yards, 1:29\n(5:52) UT – Malcolm Epps 22 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTied 7–7; 2 plays, 27 yards, 0:34\nSecond Quarter\n(12:59) WVU – Austin Kendall 1 yard run, Evan Staley kickWVU 14–7; 5 plays, 60 yards, 1:13\n(7:56) UT – John Burt 13 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTied 14–14; 11 plays, 69 yards, 4:59\n(3:28) UT – Sam Ehlinger 13 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–14; 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:40\nThird Quarter\n(1:59) WVU – Evan Staley 29 yard field goalUT 21–17; 4 plays, 2 yards, 1:12\nFourth Quarter\n(12:42) UT – Devin Duvernay 13 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 28–17; 3 plays, 18 yards, 0:50\n(10:31) UT – Sam Cosmi 12 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 35–17; 4 plays, 33 yards, 1:54\n(3:57) WVU – T.J. Simmons 19 yard pass from Austin Kendall, Evan Staley kickUT 35–24; 5 plays, 74 yards, 1:30\n(3:03) UT – Sam Ehlinger 23 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 42–24; 4 plays, 47 yards, 0:53\n(0:48) WVU – Bryce Ford-Wheaton 12 yard pass from Austin Kendall, Evan Staley kickUT 42–31; 11 plays, 81 yards, 2:10\n\n\nPassing\nUT – Sam Ehlinger 18/33, 211 YDS, 2 TD, 1 INT\nWVU – Austin Kendall 31/46, 367 YDS, 3 TD, 4 INT\nRushing\nUT – Roschon Johnson 21 ATT, 121 YDS\nWVU – Kennedy McKoy 6 ATT, 30 YDS\nReceiving\nUT – Devin Duvernay 6 REC, 86 YDS\nWVU – T.J. Simmons 7 REC, 135 YDS, 1 TD","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Oklahoma Sooners football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Oklahoma_Sooners_football_team"},{"link_name":"Red River Showdown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Showdown"},{"link_name":"Cotton Bowl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_Bowl_(stadium)"},{"link_name":"Dallas, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Gus Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus_Johnson_(sportscaster)"},{"link_name":"Joel Klatt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Klatt"},{"link_name":"Jenny Taft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Taft"},{"link_name":"Box Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12606&path=football"},{"link_name":"Jalen Hurts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalen_Hurts"},{"link_name":"CeeDee Lamb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeeDee_Lamb"},{"link_name":"Collin Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collin_Johnson"}],"sub_title":"vs. Oklahoma","text":"See also: 2019 Oklahoma Sooners football team and Red River ShowdownOklahoma Sooners vs. Texas Longhorns\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nNo. 6 Sooners\n7\n3\n101434\n\nNo. 11 Longhorns\n0\n3\n141027\n\nat Cotton Bowl, Dallas, Texas\n\nDate: October 12, 2019Game time: 11:00 a.m.Game weather: Temperature: 57 • Wind: ENE 8 mph • Humidity: 32% • Weather: Clear skiesGame attendance: 92,100Referee: Mike DefeeTV announcers (FOX): Gus Johnson (Play by Play), Joel Klatt (analyst), Jenny Taft (sideline)Box Score\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(9:54) OU – CeeDee Lamb 1 yard pass from Jalen Hurts, Gabe Brkic kickOU 7–0; 10 plays, 66 yards, 5:06\nSecond Quarter\n(1:49) OU – Gabe Brkic 19 yard field goalOU 10–0; 8 plays, 53 yards, 2:28\n(0:00) UT – Cameron Dicker 49 yard field goalOU 10–3; 8 plays, 48 yards, 1:44\nThird Quarter\n(8:48) UT – Roschon Johnson 4 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickTied 10–10; 7 plays, 93 yards, 2:40\n(7:45) OU – CeeDee Lamb 51 yard pass from Jalen Hurts, Gabe Brkic kickOU 17–10; 3 plays, 75 yards, 1:03\n(4:44) OU – Gabe Brkic 34 yard field goalOU 20–10; 6 plays, 21 yards, 2:04\n(0:00) UT – Sam Ehlinger 2 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickOU 20–17; 5 plays, 60 yards, 1:30\nFourth Quarter\n(11:56) OU – CeeDee Lamb 27 yard pass from Jalen Hurts, Gabe Brkic kickOU 27–17; 6 plays, 75 yards, 3:04\n(6:53) UT – Cameron Dicker 32 yard field goalOU 27–20; 13 plays, 61 yards, 5:03\n(4:19) OU – Jalen Hurts 3 yard run, Gabe Brkic kickOU 34–20; 5 plays, 75 yards, 2:34\n(1:49) UT – Sam Ehlinger 4 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickOU 34–27; 10 plays, 75 yards, 2:30\n\n\nPassing\nOU – Jalen Hurts 16/28, 235 YDS, 3 TD, 1 INT\nUT – Sam Ehlinger 26/38, 210 YDS\nRushing\nOU – Jalen Hurts 17 ATT, 131 YDS, 1 TD\nUT – Roschon Johnson 8 ATT, 95 YDS, 1 TD\nReceiving\nOU – CeeDee Lamb 10 REC, 171 YDS, 3 TD\nUT – Collin Johnson 6 REC, 82 YDS","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Kansas Jayhawks football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Kansas_Jayhawks_football_team"},{"link_name":"Box Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12607&path=football"},{"link_name":"Pooka Williams Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooka_Williams_Jr."},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-KU-Texas-ESPN-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-KU-Texas-ESPN-5"}],"sub_title":"Kansas","text":"See also: 2019 Kansas Jayhawks football teamKansas Jayhawks at Texas Longhorns\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nJayhawks\n3\n14\n72448\n\nNo. 15 Longhorns\n14\n7\n32650\n\nat Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas\n\nDate: October 19, 2019Game time: TBAGame weather: Temperature: 92 • Wind: S 5 mph • Humidity: 20% • Weather: Partly cloudyGame attendance: 97,137Referee: Eddy SheltonTV announcers (LHN): Lowell Galindo (play-by-play), Ahmad Brooks (analyst), Taylor Davis (sideline)Box Score\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(12:56) UT – Roschon Johnson 14 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 7–0; 6 plays, 65 yards, 2:04\n(6:31) UT – Jake Smith 10 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 14–0; 10 plays, 72 yards, 3:25\n(4:01) KU – Liam Jones 23 yard field goalUT 14–3; 6 plays, 74 yards, 2:25\nSecond Quarter\n(13:24) KU – Pooka Williams 7 yard run, Liam Jones kickUT 14–10; 9 plays, 50 yards, 3:17\n(8:38) KU – Takulve Williams 7 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Liam Jones kickKU 17–14; 4 plays, 60 yards, 1:47\n(2:19) UT – Brennan Eagles 5 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 21–17; 10 plays, 84 yards, 2:51\nThird Quarter\n(9:48) KU – Stephon Robinson Jr. 9 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Liam Jones kickKU 24–21; 14 plays, 75 yards, 5:12\n(6:59) UT – Cameron Dicker 39 yard field goalTied 24–24; 9 plays, 54 yards, 2:49\nFourth Quarter\n(14:01) UT – Devin Duvernay 14 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 31–24; 12 plays, 79 yards, 4:41\n(10:06) KU – Pooka Williams 16 yard run, Liam Jones kick blockedUT 31–30; 1 plays, 16 yards, 0:08\n(10:06) UT – D'Shawn Jamison 98 yard PAT returnUT 33–30\n(8:32) UT – Devin Duvernay 43 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickUT 40–30; 4 plays, 65 yards, 1:34\n(6:56) KU – Liam Jones 46 yard field goalUT 40–33; 7 plays, 47 yards, 1:29\n(4:25) KU – Andrew Parchment 11 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Liam Jones kickTied 40–40; 6 plays, 36 yards, 1:54\n(2:47) UT – Keaontay Ingram 3 yard run, Cameron Dicker kickUT 47–40; 5 plays, 65 yards, 1:38\n(1:11) KU – Stephon Robinson Jr. 22 yard pass from Carter Stanley, Daylon Charlot passKU 48–47; 8 plays, 75 yards, 1:36\n(0:00) UT – Cameron Dicker 33 yard field goalUT 50–48; 10 plays, 60 yards, 1:11\n\n\nPassing\nKU – Carter Stanley 27/47, 310 YDS, 4 TD\nUT – Sam Ehlinger 31/44, 399 YDS, 4 TD, 1 INT\nRushing\nKU – Pooka Williams Jr. 25 ATT, 190 YDS, 2 TD\nUT – Keaontay Ingram 14 ATT, 101 YDS, 1 TD\nReceiving\nKU – Andrew Parchment 3 REC, 83 YDS, 1 TD\nUT – Devin Duvernay 8 REC, 110 YDS, 2 TDThe underdog Kansas Jayhawks stayed with the #15 Texas Longhorns for four quarters of play. In the last minutes, Carter Stanley was successful with a 22-yard scoring pass to Stephon Robinson. The following 2-point conversion throw to Daylon Charlot put the Jayhawks ahead by one point. With 1:11 left to play, Texas took over and put together an offensive drive that ended with a game-winning field goal for the Longhorns.[5]Even with the loss, several of the Kansas players gave great performances: Pooka Williams rushed for 190 yards and two touchdowns; quarterback Carter Stanley threw 310 yards and four touchdowns for the Jayhawks. For the Longhorns, Sam Ehlinger rushed for 91 yards and managed 399 yards passing with four touchdowns. When everything was complete, Texas won by a score of 50–48.[5]","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 TCU Horned Frogs football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_TCU_Horned_Frogs_football_team"},{"link_name":"TCU–Texas football rivalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCU%E2%80%93Texas_football_rivalry"},{"link_name":"Amon G. Carter Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon_G._Carter_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Fort Worth, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Joe Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Davis_(sportscaster)"},{"link_name":"Brock Huard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brock_Huard"},{"link_name":"Pro Wells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Wells"},{"link_name":"Sewo Olonilua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewo_Olonilua"},{"link_name":"Jalen Reagor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalen_Reagor"},{"link_name":"Max Duggan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Duggan"}],"sub_title":"@ TCU","text":"See also: 2019 TCU Horned Frogs football team and TCU–Texas football rivalryTexas Longhorns at TCU Horned Frogs\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nNo. 15 Longhorns\n3\n14\n3727\n\nHorned Frogs\n3\n10\n141037\n\nat Amon G. Carter Stadium, Fort Worth, Texas\n\nDate: October 26, 2019Game time: 2:30 p.m.Game attendance: 47,660TV announcers (FOX): Joe Davis (play-by-play), Brock Huard (analyst), Bruce Feldman (sideline)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\nUT – Cameron Dicker 21 Yd Field Goal, 6:32. UT 3–0. Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 4:58.\nTCU – Jonathan Song 32 Yd Field Goal, 2:25. Tied 3–3. Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:18.\nSecond Quarter\nTCU — Pro Wells 24 Yd pass from Max Duggan (Jonathan Song Kick), 12:18. TCU 10–3. Drive: 9 plays, 63 yards, 4:27.\nUT – Devin Duvernay 47 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 10:57. Tied 10–10. Drive: 4 plays, 75 yards, 1:21.\nUT – Keaontay Ingram 17 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 1:11. UT 17–10. Drive: 8 plays, 83 yards, 2:11.\nTCU – Griffin Kell 52 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. UT 17–13. Drive: 8 plays, 60 yards, 1:11.\nThird Quarter\nUT – Cameron Dicker 38 Yd Field Goal, 7:46. UT 20–13. Drive: 7 plays, 52 yards, 2:04.\nTCU – Sewo Olonilua 1 Yd Run (Jonathan Song Kick), 5:30. Tied 20–20. Drive: 5 plays, 70 yards, 2:16.\nTCU – Jalen Reagor 44 Yd pass from Max Duggan (Jonathan Song Kick), 4:17. TCU 27–20. Drive: 1 play, 44 yards, 0:08.\nFourth Quarter\nTCU – Jonathan Song 33 Yd Field Goal, 11:28. TCU 30–20. Drive: 6 plays, 20 yards, 3:32.\nUT – Roschon Johnson 2 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 6:50. TCU 30–27. Drive: 12 plays, 75 yards, 4:38.\nTCU – Max Duggan 11 Yd Run (Jonathan Song Kick), 1:59. TCU 37–27. Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 4:51.\n\n\nPassing\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-48, 321 YDS, 2 TD, 4 INT\nTCU – Max Duggan – 19-27, 273 YDS, 2 TD, 1 INT\nRushing\nUT – Keaontay Ingram – 16 CAR, 71 YDS\nTCU – Max Duggan – 13 CAR, 72 YDS, 1 TD\nReceiving\nUT – Devin Duvernay – 8 REC, 173 YDS, 1 TD\nTCU – Taye Barber – 5 REC, 94 YDS","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Kansas State Wildcats football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Kansas_State_Wildcats_football_team"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN"},{"link_name":"Joshua Youngblood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Youngblood"},{"link_name":"Skylar Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylar_Thompson"},{"link_name":"Malik Knowles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Knowles"},{"link_name":"Sam Ehlinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Ehlinger"},{"link_name":"Wuerffel Trophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuerffel_Trophy"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"College Football Playoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Football_Playoff"},{"link_name":"AP Poll","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Poll"},{"link_name":"USA Today Poll","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaches_Poll"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Kansas State","text":"See also: 2019 Kansas State Wildcats football teamKansas State Wildcats at Texas Longhorns\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nNo. 20 Wildcats\n14\n0\n01024\n\nLonghorns\n0\n7\n101027\n\nat Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas\n\nDate: November 9, 2019Game time: 2:30 pmGame attendance: 97,833TV: ESPN\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\nKSU – Malik Knowles 70 Yd pass from Skylar Thompson (Blake Lynch Kick), 13:26. KSU 7–0. Drive: 3 plays, 75 yards, 1:34.\nKSU – Wykeen Gill 19 Yd pass from Skylar Thompson (Blake Lynch Kick), 5:18. KSU 14–0. Drive: 8 plays, 63 yards, 4:17.\nSecond Quarter\nUT – Collin Johnson 21 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 12:03. KSU 14–7. Drive: 8 plays, 80 yards, 3:52.\nThird Quarter\nUT – Keaontay Ingram 34 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 13:17. Tied 14–14. Drive: 4 plays, 75 yards, 1:43.\nUT – Cameron Dicker 36 Yd Field Goal, 9:02. UT 17–14. Drive: 7 plays, 52 yards, 2:33.\nFourth Quarter\nUT – Keaontay Ingram 12 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 12:17. UT 24–14. Drive: 3 plays, 21 yards, 1:03.\nKSU – Joshua Youngblood 98 Yd Kickoff Return (Blake Lynch Kick), 12:03. UT 24–21. Drive: 0 plays, 0 yards, 0:14.\nKSU – Blake Lynch 45 Yd Field Goal, 6:45. Tied 24–24. Drive: 9 plays, 45 yards, 3:58.\nUT – Cameron Dicker 26 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. UT 27–24. Drive: 13 plays, 67 yards, 6:45.\n\n\nPassing\nKSU – Skylar Thompson – 17-27, 253 YDS, 2 TD\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-29, 263 YDS, 1 TD, 1 INT\nRushing\nKSU – Tyler Burns – 8 CAR, 26 YDS\nUT – Keontay Ingram – 16 CAR, 139 YDS, 2 TD\nReceiving\nKSU – Malik Knowles – 3 REC, 94 YDS, 1 TD\nUT – Collin Johnson – 7 REC, 110 YDS, 1 TDIn the days leading up to the Kansas State-Texas game, Texas football quarterback Sam Ehlinger was named a semifinalist for the 2019 Wuerffel Trophy.[6] On that same day, the College Football Playoff committee ranked Kansas State at #16 in the first playoff ranking of the season. This was measurably higher than the #20 in the AP Poll and #22 in the USA Today Poll.[7]The game started with Kansas State taking a 14-point lead in the first quarter and allowed Texas to score a touchdown, making it 14–7 at halftime. Texas took the lead in the third quarter with ten more points to put it at 14–17. Each team added 10 more points in the fourth quarter to make the final score a Texas win 27–24, punctuated with a 26 yard game-winning field goal by the Longhorns' Cameron Dicker just as the clock ran out.[8]","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Iowa State Cyclones football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Iowa_State_Cyclones_football_team"},{"link_name":"Jack Trice Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Trice_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Ames, Iowa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames,_Iowa"},{"link_name":"FS1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Sports_1"},{"link_name":"Charlie Kolar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kolar"},{"link_name":"Brock Purdy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brock_Purdy"},{"link_name":"Breece Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breece_Hall"}],"sub_title":"@ Iowa State","text":"See also: 2019 Iowa State Cyclones football teamTexas Longhorns at Iowa State Cyclones\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nNo. 19 Longhorns\n0\n7\n01421\n\nCyclones\n7\n3\n10323\n\nat Jack Trice Stadium, Ames, Iowa\n\nDate: November 16, 2019Game time: 2:30 pmGame attendance: 58,946TV: FS1\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\nISU – Charlie Kolar 2 Yd pass from Brock Purdy (Connor Assalley Kick), 10:44. Iowa State 7–0. Drive: 8 plays, 59 yards, 3:01.\nSecond Quarter\nISU – Connor Assalley 35 Yd Field Goal, 0:47. Iowa State 10–0. Drive: 15 plays, 67 yards, 4:41.\nUT – Brennan Eagles 14 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 0:17. Iowa State 10–7. Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 0:30.\nThird Quarter\nISU – Deshaunte Jones 75 Yd pass from Brock Purdy (Connor Assalley Kick), 14:46. Iowa State 17–7. Drive: 1 play, 75 yards, 0:14.\nISU – Brayden Narveson 48 Yd Field Goal, 12:09. Iowa State 20–7. Drive: 7 plays, 35 yards, 2:17.\nFourth Quarter\nUT – Keaontay Ingram 22 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 14:50. Iowa State 20–14. Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 2:50.\nUT – Malcolm Epps 7 Yd pass from Sam Ehlinger (Cameron Dicker Kick), 5:37. Texas 21–20. Drive: 15 plays, 89 yards, 6:43.\nISU – Connor Assalley 36 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. Iowa State 23–21. Drive: 9 plays, 63 yards, 3:00.\n\n\nPassing\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-40, 273 YDS, 3 TD\nISU – Brock Purdy – 30-48, 354 YDS, 2 TD, 1 INT\nRushing\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 12 CAR, 27 YDS\nISU – Breece Hall – 24 CAR, 101 YDS\nReceiving\nUT – Devin Duvernay – 9 REC, 107 YDS\nISU – Deshaunte Jones – 7 REC, 144 YDS, 1 TD","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Baylor Bears football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Baylor_Bears_football_team"},{"link_name":"McLane Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLane_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Waco, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waco,_Texas"},{"link_name":"FS1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Sports_1"},{"link_name":"Charlie Brewer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Brewer"},{"link_name":"Denzel Mims","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denzel_Mims"}],"sub_title":"@ Baylor","text":"See also: 2019 Baylor Bears football teamTexas Longhorns at Baylor Bears\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nLonghorns\n0\n3\n0710\n\nNo. 14 Bears\n0\n7\n14324\n\nat McLane Stadium, Waco, Texas\n\nDate: November 23, 2019Game time: 2:30 pmGame attendance: 49,109TV: FS1\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\nNo scoring plays.\nSecond Quarter\nBU – John Lovett 28 Yd Run (John Mayers Kick), 14:51. Baylor 7–0. Drive: 7 plays, 50 yards, 2:51.\nUT – Cameron Dicker 48 Yd Field Goal, 0:00. Baylor 7–3. Drive: 2 plays, 68 yards, 0:18.\nThird Quarter\nBU – Charlie Brewer 1 Yd Run (John Mayers Kick), 7:36. Baylor 14–3. Drive: 9 plays, 87 yards, 4:33.\nBU – Denzel Mims 12 Yd pass from Charlie Brewer (John Mayers Kick), 1:20. Baylor 21–3. Drive: 9 plays, 61 yards, 4:19.\nFourth Quarter\nBU – John Mayers 24 Yd Field Goal, 10:57. Baylor 24–3. Drive: 8 plays, 59 yards, 3:43.\nUT – Daniel Young 4 Yd Run (Cameron Dicker Kick), 0:01. Baylor 24–10. Drive: 5 plays, 55 yards, 0:42.\n\n\nPassing\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 22-37, 200 YDS, 1 INT\nBU – Charlie Brewer – 16-25, 221 YDS, 1 TD\nRushing\nUT – Keaontay Ingram – 7 CAR, 86 YDS\nBU – Charlie Brewer – 18 CAR, 75 YDS, 1 TD\nReceiving\nUT – Devin Duvernay – 10 REC, 78 YDS\nBU – Denzel Mims – 7 REC, 125 YDS, 1 TD","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_football_team"},{"link_name":"Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%E2%80%93Texas_Tech_football_rivalry"},{"link_name":"Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_College_Football"},{"link_name":"Joe Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Davis_(sportscaster)"},{"link_name":"Brock Huard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brock_Huard"},{"link_name":"Bruce Feldman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Feldman_(sportscaster)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jett Duffey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jett_Duffey"},{"link_name":"Erik Ezukanma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Ezukanma"}],"sub_title":"Texas Tech","text":"See also: 2019 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team and Texas–Texas Tech football rivalryTexas Tech Red Raiders at Texas Longhorns\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nRed Raiders\n14\n7\n3024\n\nLonghorns\n6\n22\n14749\n\nat Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, Austin, Texas\n\nDate: November 29, 2019Game time: 11:00 a.m.TV announcers (Fox): Joe Davis (play-by-play), Brock Huard (color), Bruce Feldman (sideline)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(9:10) TTU – KeSean Carter 13 yard pass from Jett Duffey, Trey Wolff kickTexas Tech 7–0; 11 plays, 80 yards, 2:09\n(4:14) TTU – SaRodorick Thompson 10 yard rush, Trey Wolff kickTexas Tech 14–0; 6 plays, 76 yards, 2:39\n(0:54) UT – Sam Ehlinger 10 yard rush, kick blockedTexas Tech 14–6; 6 plays, 75 yards, 3:20\nSecond Quarter\n(13:09) UT – Daniel Young 3 yard rush, 2-pt. rush goodTied 14–14; 5 plays, 64 yards, 1:38\n(8:13) TTU – Erik Ezukanma 24 yard pass from Jett Duffey, Trey Wolff kickTexas Tech 21–14; 2 plays, 24 yards, 0:23\n(8:02) UT – Devin Duvernay 75 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTied 21–21; 1 play, 75 yards, 0:11\n(1:22) UT – Roschon Johnson 1 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 28–21; 13 plays, 74 yards, 5:36\nThird Quarter\n(8:52) UT – Jake Smith 26 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 35–21; 7 plays, 82 yards, 1:56\n(6:09) TTU – Trey Wolff 23 yard field goalTexas 35–24; 12 plays, 70 yards, 2:43\n(2:35) UT – Roschon Johnson 1 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 42–24; 9 plays, 74 yards, 3:34\nFourth Quarter\n(8:50) UT – Roschon Johnson 1 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kickTexas 49–24; 5 plays, 24 yards, 1:11\n\n\nPassing\nTTU –\nUT –\nRushing\nTTU –\nUT –\nReceiving\nTTU –\nUT –","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 Utah Utes football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Utah_Utes_football_team"},{"link_name":"2019 Alamo Bowl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Alamo_Bowl"},{"link_name":"Alamodome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamodome"},{"link_name":"San Antonio, TX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN_College_Football"},{"link_name":"Dave Flemming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Flemming"},{"link_name":"Louis Riddick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Riddick"},{"link_name":"Paul Carcaterra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Carcaterra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tyler Huntley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Huntley"},{"link_name":"Zack Moss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zack_Moss"},{"link_name":"Brant Kuithe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brant_Kuithe"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"sub_title":"vs. Utah (Alamo Bowl)","text":"See also: 2019 Utah Utes football team and 2019 Alamo BowlTexas Longhorns vs. Utah Utes (Alamo Bowl)\n\n\nPeriod\n1\n2\n34Total\n\nLonghorns\n3\n7\n141438\n\nNo. 11 Utes\n0\n0\n3710\n\nat Alamodome, San Antonio, TX\n\nDate: December 31, 2019Game time: 6:30 p.m. (CST)Game weather: IndoorsGame attendance: 60,147Referee: John McDaidTV announcers (ESPN): Dave Flemming (play-by-play), Louis Riddick (analyst), Paul Carcaterra (sideline)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGame information\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFirst Quarter\n(10:26) UT – Cameron Dicker 29 yard field goal (Drive: 10 plays, 63 yards, 4:34; Texas 3–0)\nSecond Quarter\n(13:24) UT – Collin Johnson 5 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 2 plays, 6 yards, 0:43; Texas 10–0)\nThird Quarter\n(10:30) UT – Keaontay Ingram 11 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 3 plays, 43 yards, 1:04; Texas 17–0)\n(4:58) UTAH – Jadon Redding 32 yard field goal (Drive: 11 plays, 60 yards, 5:32; Texas 17–3)\n(0:06) UT – Sam Ehlinger 6 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 7 plays, 75 yards, 4:52; Texas 24–3)\nFourth Quarter\n(11:34) UTAH – Demari Simpkins 4 yard pass from Tyler Huntley, Jadon Redding kick (Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 3:32; Texas 24–10)\n(8:58) UT – Devin Duvernay 15 yard pass from Sam Ehlinger, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:36; Texas 31–10)\n(7:54) UT – Keaontay Ingram 49 yard rush, Cameron Dicker kick (Drive: 1 play, 49 yards, 0:13; Texas 38–10)\n\n\nPassing\nUT – Sam Ehlinger – 12/18, 201 yards, 3 TD, 1 INT\nUTAH – Tyler Huntley – 15/23, 126 yards, 1 TD\nRushing\nUT – Keaontay Ingram – 13 carries, 108 yards, 1 TD\nUTAH – Zack Moss – 16 carries, 57 yards\nReceiving\nUT – Devin Duvernay – 3 receptions, 92 yards, 1 TD\nUTAH – Brant Kuithe, Cole Fotheringham[a] – 3 receptions, 30 yards","title":"Game summaries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2019 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_rankings"}],"text":"Further information: 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings","title":"Rankings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 NFL Draft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_NFL_Draft"}],"text":"See also: 2020 NFL Draft","title":"Players drafted into the NFL"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-9"}],"text":"^ Both Kuithe and Fotheringham finished with the same number of receptions and receiving yards, meaning Utah finished with two leading receivers.","title":"Notes"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Sooners Picked First in Media Preseason Poll\". big12sports.com. Big 12 Conference. July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.big12sports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=10410&ATCLID=211806812","url_text":"\"Sooners Picked First in Media Preseason Poll\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020 Football Schedule\". University of Texas Athletics.","urls":[{"url":"https://texassports.com/schedule.aspx?path=football","url_text":"\"2020 Football Schedule\""}]},{"reference":"\"Football Coaches\". University of Texas Athletics. Retrieved May 30, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://texassports.com/sports/2013/7/26/FB_0726131126.aspx","url_text":"\"Football Coaches\""}]},{"reference":"\"2019 Football Roster\". University of Texas Athletics. Retrieved May 30, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://texassports.com/roster.aspx?path=football","url_text":"\"2019 Football Roster\""}]},{"reference":"\"No. 15 Texas beats Kansas 50–48 on last-second FG\". ESPN. October 19, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap?gameId=401112102","url_text":"\"No. 15 Texas beats Kansas 50–48 on last-second FG\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN","url_text":"ESPN"}]},{"reference":"Dukes, Chris (November 5, 2019). \"Texas Football: Sam Ehlinger Named a Wuerfel Semifinalist\". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved November 6, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.si.com/college/texas/football/texas-football-sam-ehlinger-named-a-wuerfel-semifinalist","url_text":"\"Texas Football: Sam Ehlinger Named a Wuerfel Semifinalist\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Illustrated","url_text":"Sports Illustrated"}]},{"reference":"Robinett, Kellis (November 5, 2019). \"College Football Playoff committee takes notice of K-State in opening rankings\". Kansas City Star. Retrieved November 6, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.kansascity.com/sports/college/big-12/kansas-state/article237052379.html","url_text":"\"College Football Playoff committee takes notice of K-State in opening rankings\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Star","url_text":"Kansas City Star"}]},{"reference":"\"Dicker FG sends Texas over No. 20 Kansas State 27–24\". CBS News. November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/gametracker/recap/NCAAF_20191109_KSTATE@TEXAS/","url_text":"\"Dicker FG sends Texas over No. 20 Kansas State 27–24\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News","url_text":"CBS News"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12601&path=football","external_links_name":"Box Score"},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12602&path=football","external_links_name":"Box Score"},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12603&path=football","external_links_name":"Box Score"},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12604&path=football","external_links_name":"Box Score"},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12605&path=football","external_links_name":"Box Score"},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12606&path=football","external_links_name":"Box Score"},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=12607&path=football","external_links_name":"Box Score"},{"Link":"http://www.big12sports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=10410&ATCLID=211806812","external_links_name":"\"Sooners Picked First in Media Preseason Poll\""},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/schedule.aspx?path=football","external_links_name":"\"2020 Football Schedule\""},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/sports/2013/7/26/FB_0726131126.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Football Coaches\""},{"Link":"https://texassports.com/roster.aspx?path=football","external_links_name":"\"2019 Football Roster\""},{"Link":"https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap?gameId=401112102","external_links_name":"\"No. 15 Texas beats Kansas 50–48 on last-second FG\""},{"Link":"https://www.si.com/college/texas/football/texas-football-sam-ehlinger-named-a-wuerfel-semifinalist","external_links_name":"\"Texas Football: Sam Ehlinger Named a Wuerfel Semifinalist\""},{"Link":"https://www.kansascity.com/sports/college/big-12/kansas-state/article237052379.html","external_links_name":"\"College Football Playoff committee takes notice of K-State in opening rankings\""},{"Link":"https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/gametracker/recap/NCAAF_20191109_KSTATE@TEXAS/","external_links_name":"\"Dicker FG sends Texas over No. 20 Kansas State 27–24\""}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortwin_Runde | Ortwin Runde | ["1 Early life and education","2 Political career","3 Personal life","4 References","5 External links"] | German politician
Ortwin RundeFirst Mayor of HamburgIn office12 November 1997 – 31 October 2001PresidentRoman HerzogJohannes RauChancellorHelmut KohlGerhard SchröderPreceded byHenning VoscherauSucceeded byOle von Beust
Personal detailsBorn (1944-02-12) 12 February 1944 (age 80)Elbing, Germany (now Poland)Nationality GermanyPolitical partySocial Democratic PartyAlma materUniversity of MünsterUniversity of Hamburg
Ortwin Runde (born 12 February 1944) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was the First Mayor (Erster Bürgermeister) of the Free and Hanseatic City Hamburg from 1997 to 2001.
Early life and education
Runde was born in Elbing (Elbląg), Danzig-Westpreußen. After receiving his high-school diploma in 1964, Runde studied Economics and Sociology at the universities of Münster and Hamburg. He received his diploma in Sociology in 1969. He entered public service in Hamburg in 1970.
Political career
Runde joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1968, and was member of in the state executive of the youth organizations of the SPD (Young Socialists in the SPD) from 1969 to 1971. In 1978 he became one of deputy chairman of Hamburg's SPD, from 1983 to 1988 he was chairman of Hamburg's SPD.
From 1974 to 1988 he was elected as a member of Hamburg's city assembly (Hamburger Bürgerschaft).
From 1988 to 1993 he was senator (as the official title in Hamburg is) of the department for labour, health and social welfare, from 1993 to 1997 of the treasury department.
After Henning Voscherau (SPD) stepped down after internal arguments which whom a political coalition should formed, Runde was elected as First Mayor of the Free and Hanseatic City Hamburg on 12 November 1997. In the next election four years later, the coalition of SPD and the Green Party lost its majority, and therefore Runde had to leave his office as mayor as well on 31 October 2001.
Since 2002, Runde has been a member of the German parliament, the Bundestag.
Personal life
Ortwin Runde is married and has two children.
References
^ "Schroeder's Party Appears to Lose Pivotal Vote". Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
External links
Hamburg portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ortwin Runde.
Website of Ortwin Runde (in German)
Biography at German Bundestag (in German)
Political offices
Preceded byHenning Voscherau
First Mayor of Hamburg 1997–2001
Succeeded byOle von Beust
Links to related articles
vteFirst Mayors of Hamburg since 1861under the 1860 constitution (1861–1918)
Nicolaus Binder
Friedrich Sieveking (1)
Ferdinand Haller (1)
Friedrich Sieveking (2)
Ferdinand Haller (2)
Friedrich Sieveking (3)
Gustav Kirchenpauer (1)
Ferdinand Haller (3)
Gustav Kirchenpauer (2)
Ferdinand Haller (4)
Hermann Gossler
Gustav Kirchenpauer (3)
Carl F. Petersen (1)
Gustav Kirchenpauer (4)
Hermann Weber (1)
Carl F. Petersen (2)
Gustav Kirchenpauer (5)
Hermann Weber (2)
Carl F. Petersen (3)
Gustav Kirchenpauer (6)
Hermann Weber (3)
Carl F. Petersen (4)
Gustav Kirchenpauer (7)
Johannes Versmann (1)
Carl F. Petersen (5)
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Johannes Lehmann (3)
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Hans-Ulrich Klose
Klaus von Dohnanyi
Henning Voscherau
Ortwin Runde
Ole von Beust
Christoph Ahlhaus
Olaf Scholz
Peter Tschentscher
vte Members of the 15th Bundestag (2002–2005)President: Wolfgang Thierse (SPD)SPDvteSPDSpeaker: Franz Müntefering
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CDU/CSUvteCDU/CSUSpeaker: Angela Merkel
CDU:
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GRÜNEvte GRUENESpeaker: Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Krista Sager
Members:
Andreae
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FDPvte FDPSpeaker: Wolfgang Gerhardt
Members:
Addicks
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OTHERvteIndependent
Members:
Lötzsch
Pau
List of members of the 15th Bundestag
vte Members of the 16th Bundestag (2005–2009)President: Norbert Lammert (CDU)CDU/CSUvte CDU/CSUSpeaker: Angela Merkel and Volker Kauder
CDU:
Adam
Albach
Altmaier
Bareiß
Barthle
Bauer
Baumann
Beck
Bellmann
Bergner
Bernhardt
Binninger
Bismarck
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Brand
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Brüning
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Deittert
Dörflinger
Dött
Eymer
Falk
Faust
Ferlemann
Fischbach
Fischer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Towne_(artist) | Charles Towne (artist) | ["1 Life","2 Work","3 Notes","4 References","5 Further reading","6 External links"] | English painter
River scene with overshot mill (1833)
Charles Towne (1763–1840) was an English painter of landscapes, horses and other animals, horse-racing and hunting scenes.
Life
A saddled chestnut hunter in a landscape
Towne was born in Wigan, the son of Richard Town, a portrait-painter from Liverpool, and his wife Mary. His talent for art was apparent from a young age and he received some training from landscape painter John Rathbone in Leeds. He then worked as a coach and ornamental painter with his brother in Liverpool, and also worked for a time in Lancaster and Manchester. In 1785 he married Margaret Harrison, a widow.
In 1787 Towne exhibited a small landscape in an exhibition in Liverpool. By the 1790s he was an established animal painter with a style reminiscent of Stubbs. He lived in London from 1799 to 1804 during which time he exhibited at the Royal Academy. He also added a final 'e' to his name. He became a friend of fellow artists George Morland and De Loutherbourg.
Between 1799 and 1823 he exhibited twelve works at the Royal Academy and four at the British Institution. He returned to Liverpool in 1810, and was a founder member of the Liverpool Academy, becoming vice-president in 1812–13, and exhibiting his work there for several years on and off. He resided in Liverpool until 1837, when he apparently returned to London, Towne died at Norton Street Islington Liverpool 1840.
Work
Towne painted landscapes and animals, and obtained great celebrity in Lancashire and Cheshire by his portraits of horses, dogs, and cattle. Many of his pictures were small, but occasionally he ventured into landscapes with cattle of larger size. He also painted in watercolour, and was a candidate for admission to the Watercolour Society in 1809. His work was reasonably well regarded by his contemporary Joseph Farrington, though he also noted that Towne was a man of "coarse, debased manners and conversation". According to artist W. S. Sparrow, "his landscapes are minutely detailed and have a Dutch mannerism; animals and figures are put in with diligent and affectionate care". However the Dictionary of National Biography commented that his work "though carefully drawn" was "wanting in spirit and originality".
He painted "Old Billy", the longest-living horse on record, who pulled barges on the canals.
Notes
^ D'Arcy, Cornelius P. The encouragement of the fine arts in Lancashire, 1760-1860 p. 150.
^ Sparrow, Walter Shaw. British sporting artists from Barlow to Herring (London: John Lane, 1922) p187.
References
Charles Towne - biography (Richard Green Fine Paintings).
Charles Towne - biography (John Mitchell Fine Paintings).
Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Towne, Charles". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Further reading
Bennett, Mary. Merseyside Painters, People and Places (Walker Art Gallery, 1979).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles Towne (artist).
127 artworks by or after Charles Towne at the Art UK site
Paintings by Charles Towne (Bridgeman Art Library)
Paintings by Towne ("Encore editions", Fine Art prints)
A Tiger (Oil on panel, 1818 - Wolverhampton Art Gallery)
Waiting for dinner (Oil on canvas - Christie's)
Backbarrow cotton mill (Oil on canvas, 1810 - The Art Fund)
A peasant and his dog (oil on canvas, 1800 - Christie's)
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Deutsche Biographie | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Towne_-_River_scene_with_overshot_mill_1833.jpg"},{"link_name":"overshot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwheel"}],"text":"River scene with overshot mill (1833)Charles Towne (1763–1840) was an English painter of landscapes, horses and other animals, horse-racing and hunting scenes.","title":"Charles Towne (artist)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_saddled_chestnut_hunter_in_a_landscape.JPG"},{"link_name":"Wigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigan"},{"link_name":"Liverpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool"},{"link_name":"John Rathbone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rathbone_(artist)"},{"link_name":"Leeds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds"},{"link_name":"Lancaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Lancashire"},{"link_name":"Manchester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester"},{"link_name":"Stubbs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stubbs"},{"link_name":"Royal Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy"},{"link_name":"George Morland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Morland"},{"link_name":"De Loutherbourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_James_de_Loutherbourg"},{"link_name":"British Institution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Institution"},{"link_name":"Liverpool Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Academy_of_Arts"}],"text":"A saddled chestnut hunter in a landscapeTowne was born in Wigan, the son of Richard Town, a portrait-painter from Liverpool, and his wife Mary. His talent for art was apparent from a young age and he received some training from landscape painter John Rathbone in Leeds. He then worked as a coach and ornamental painter with his brother in Liverpool, and also worked for a time in Lancaster and Manchester. In 1785 he married Margaret Harrison, a widow.In 1787 Towne exhibited a small landscape in an exhibition in Liverpool. By the 1790s he was an established animal painter with a style reminiscent of Stubbs. He lived in London from 1799 to 1804 during which time he exhibited at the Royal Academy. He also added a final 'e' to his name. He became a friend of fellow artists George Morland and De Loutherbourg.Between 1799 and 1823 he exhibited twelve works at the Royal Academy and four at the British Institution. He returned to Liverpool in 1810, and was a founder member of the Liverpool Academy, becoming vice-president in 1812–13, and exhibiting his work there for several years on and off. He resided in Liverpool until 1837, when he apparently returned to London, Towne died at Norton Street Islington Liverpool 1840.","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lancashire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancashire"},{"link_name":"Cheshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire"},{"link_name":"Watercolour Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Watercolour_Society"},{"link_name":"Joseph Farrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Farrington"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"W. S. Sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Shaw_Sparrow"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"Old Billy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Billy"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.mystudios.com/artgallery/C/Charles-Towne/Old-Billy,-a-Draught-Horse,-Aged-62.html"}],"text":"Towne painted landscapes and animals, and obtained great celebrity in Lancashire and Cheshire by his portraits of horses, dogs, and cattle. Many of his pictures were small, but occasionally he ventured into landscapes with cattle of larger size. He also painted in watercolour, and was a candidate for admission to the Watercolour Society in 1809. His work was reasonably well regarded by his contemporary Joseph Farrington, though he also noted that Towne was a man of \"coarse, debased manners and conversation\".[1] According to artist W. S. Sparrow, \"his landscapes are minutely detailed and have a Dutch mannerism; animals and figures are put in with diligent and affectionate care\".[2] However the Dictionary of National Biography commented that his work \"though carefully drawn\" was \"wanting in spirit and originality\".He painted \"Old Billy\",[1] the longest-living horse on record, who pulled barges on the canals.","title":"Work"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"British sporting artists from Barlow to Herring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/britishsportinga00spar"}],"text":"^ D'Arcy, Cornelius P. The encouragement of the fine arts in Lancashire, 1760-1860 p. 150.\n\n^ Sparrow, Walter Shaw. British sporting artists from Barlow to Herring (London: John Lane, 1922) p187.","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Bennett, Mary. Merseyside Painters, People and Places (Walker Art Gallery, 1979).","title":"Further reading"}] | [{"image_text":"River scene with overshot mill (1833)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Charles_Towne_-_River_scene_with_overshot_mill_1833.jpg/220px-Charles_Towne_-_River_scene_with_overshot_mill_1833.jpg"},{"image_text":"A saddled chestnut hunter in a landscape","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/A_saddled_chestnut_hunter_in_a_landscape.JPG/220px-A_saddled_chestnut_hunter_in_a_landscape.JPG"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Towne, Charles\". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Towne,_Charles","url_text":"Towne, Charles"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of National Biography"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.mystudios.com/artgallery/C/Charles-Towne/Old-Billy,-a-Draught-Horse,-Aged-62.html","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/britishsportinga00spar","external_links_name":"British sporting artists from Barlow to Herring"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110718214544/http://www.richard-green.com/Charles-Towne-The-favourite-hunters-Mrs-Robert-Townley-Parker-Cuerden-Hall-Lancashire-wooded-landscape-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=6&tabindex=5&objectid=6389","external_links_name":"Charles Towne - biography"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20130222021219/http://www.johnmitchell.net/InternalMain.asp?ItemID=61","external_links_name":"Charles Towne - biography"},{"Link":"https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:towne-charles-17631840","external_links_name":"127 artworks by or after Charles Towne"},{"Link":"http://www.bridgemanartondemand.com/artist/2330/Charles_Towne","external_links_name":"Paintings by Charles Towne"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101230143616/http://www.encore-editions.com/categories/charles-towne-fine-art-equestrian-paintings-prints-of-dogs","external_links_name":"Paintings by Towne"},{"Link":"http://www.wolverhamptonart.org.uk/collections/browse_collections/art/georgian/000278.html","external_links_name":"A Tiger"},{"Link":"http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5335050","external_links_name":"Waiting for dinner"},{"Link":"http://www.artfund.org/artwork/1625/backbarrow-cotton-mill","external_links_name":"Backbarrow cotton mill"},{"Link":"http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5097704","external_links_name":"A peasant and his dog"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/26387/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000067085732","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/72653484","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdrHtmDgVhcMdPyTtwBfq","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/105101879X","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78063134","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/309395","external_links_name":"RKD Artists"},{"Link":"https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500006695","external_links_name":"ULAN"},{"Link":"https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd105101879X.html?language=en","external_links_name":"Deutsche Biographie"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quino_checkerspot | Quino checkerspot | ["1 Taxonomy","2 Description","2.1 Appearance","2.2 Life cycle","2.3 Host Plants","3 Habitat","3.1 Range","3.2 Impact of barrier construction along Mexico-United States border","4 See also","5 References"] | Butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino) native to southern California and northwestern Mexico
Quino checkerspot
Conservation status
Endangered (ESA)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Nymphalidae
Genus:
Euphydryas
Species:
E. editha
Subspecies:
E. e. quino
Trinomial name
Euphydryas editha quinoBehr et al., 1863
Synonyms
See text
The Quino checkerspot (Euphydryas editha quino) is a butterfly native to southern California and northwestern Baja California. It is a subspecies of the common Edith's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha) and the second such subspecies to be listed under the federal Endangered Species Act.
Taxonomy
This taxon, like many others, has undergone several changes in nomenclature and classification. It was originally described as Melitaea quino in 1863 and then in 1929 it was reduced to a subspecies of Euphydryas chalcedona. In 1998 it was concluded through Hans Hermann Behr's 1863 description that it should be classified as E. editha, not E. chalcedona. Moreover, the subspecies E. editha wrighti was demoted to a junior synonym for E. editha quino.
Description
Appearance
A member of the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae, the Quino checkerspot is a medium-sized butterfly with a wingspan of approximately 3 cm. The dorsal wing surfaces are a colorful checkerboard of brown, red and yellow spots. The Quino differs from other E. editha subspecies in that its spots tend to be a darker red.
It also differentiates itself through its size and larval and pupal phenotypes. The ventral side of the butterfly are dominated by a checkered red and cream pattern. Its abdomen has red stripes across the dorsal side. After a second molt, the Quino checkerspot is recognized by the dark black coloration and row of 8 to 9 orange tubercles on their back. Before the larvae first molt they are mostly yellowish. After first molt and before their second molt they are gray with black markings. The pupae are mottled black on a blue-gray background.
The Quino checkerspot is easily confused in the field by inexperienced butterfly searchers. It is generally confused with three other co-occurring butterfly species, the Chalcedon or variable checkerspot (Euphydryas chalcedona), Gabb's checkerspot (Chlosyne gabbii) and Wright's checkerspot (Thessalia leonira wrighti).
Life cycle
The life cycle of the Quino checkerspot closely mirrors that of the close Bay checkerspot. They share the same host plant and similar chronology of developmental stages. Sometimes, organisms molt seven times before reaching adulthood. There are typically only one generation of adults every year. The flight period is between February through May.
Host Plants
Female butterflies only lay eggs on species they recognize as host plants. The larval food sources for the Quino checkerspot butterfly are:
dwarf plantain (Plantago erecta)
white snapdragon (Sairocarpus coulterianus)
woolly plantain (Plantago patagonica)
Chinese houses (Collinsia concolor)
Larval Quino checkerspot butterfly may also use other species of native plantain (Plantago sp.), as well as purple owl’s clover (Castilleja exserta) and thread-leaved bird’s beak (Cordylanthus rigidus), as secondary host plants. The use of purple owl’s clover and thread-leaved bird’s beak is rare. These species alone do not support Quino breeding.
Habitat
The obvious factor in the decline of the Quino checkerspot is urban development. Much of the historic scrub land that it occupied, much like the Mission blue butterfly, also endangered, has been built over. The persisting habitat faces other threats. Invasive species, in the form of non-native plant life and overgrazing are just two of the hurdles facing the recovery of the Quino checkerspot. Today, there are eight populations of the Quino known.
Range
Habitat declined and, thus, distribution and population of the Quino checkerspot has been greatly reduced during the last 100 years, likely around 75%. Nearly all of the blame lies in agricultural and urban development in southern California. The other impactors to the decline include non-native grasses and fire suppression practices as well as grazing. The Quino checkerspot became the second subspecies of Euphydryas editha to be listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The first was the Bay checkerspot.
Currently, the Quino checkerspot is only found in a very few locales: Western Riverside County, southern San Diego County along California State Route 125 and northern Baja California, Mexico. The animal's historic range once included much of coastal California south of Ventura County as well as the inland valleys south of the Tehachapi Mountains. Regardless, more than 75% of the butterfly's original range has been lost. The range loss translates directly into population decline. Quino checkerspot butterfly populations appear to have decreased by more than 95% range wide.
Impact of barrier construction along Mexico-United States border
American President Donald Trump proposed expansion of the border wall between Mexico and the US to prevent illegal entry by foreign nationals through Mexico into the US during his presidential campaign and upon being elected. The construction of additional border walls in new locations would likely have adverse effects on many species, including the Quino checkerspot. Because the range of the subspecies is so reduced and threatened already, the construction of a wall would separate the organisms in Mexico and the US, which would reduce the genetic diversity between the populations. In addition, the proposed wall could harm the native vegetation the butterflies need and may spread invasive species in areas disturbed by the construction.
See also
National Butterfly Center
References
^ "Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino)". ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
^ "Recovery plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly (2003)" (PDF). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
^ "Amendment (2019) to the Recovery Plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly" (PDF). EC. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
^ a b c d "Quino Checkerspot Butterfly". www.fws.gov. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. October 19, 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ a b c Greenwald, Noah; Segee, Brian; Curry, Tierra; Bradley, Curt (May 2017). "A Wall in the Wild:The Disastrous Impacts of Trump's Border Wall on Wildlife" (PDF). Center for Biological Diversity.
^ , Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley.
Taxon identifiersEuphydryas editha quino
Wikidata: Q7272322
ECOS: 5900
GBIF: 4299338
iNaturalist: 210816
ITIS: 779299
NatureServe: 2.114856
Observation.org: 589809 | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"butterfly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly"},{"link_name":"California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California"},{"link_name":"Baja California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California"},{"link_name":"subspecies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies"},{"link_name":"Edith's checkerspot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%27s_checkerspot"},{"link_name":"Endangered Species Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act"}],"text":"The Quino checkerspot (Euphydryas editha quino) is a butterfly native to southern California and northwestern Baja California. It is a subspecies of the common Edith's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha) and the second such subspecies to be listed under the federal Endangered Species Act.","title":"Quino checkerspot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"taxon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon"},{"link_name":"Hans Hermann Behr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hermann_Behr"},{"link_name":"synonym","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-recovery_plan-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"This taxon, like many others, has undergone several changes in nomenclature and classification. It was originally described as Melitaea quino in 1863 and then in 1929 it was reduced to a subspecies of Euphydryas chalcedona. In 1998 it was concluded through Hans Hermann Behr's 1863 description that it should be classified as E. editha, not E. chalcedona. Moreover, the subspecies E. editha wrighti was demoted to a junior synonym for E. editha quino.[2][3]","title":"Taxonomy"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nymphalidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphalidae"},{"link_name":"larval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larva"},{"link_name":"pupal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupa"},{"link_name":"phenotypes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype"},{"link_name":"ventral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral"},{"link_name":"abdomen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomen"},{"link_name":"dorsal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsum_(biology)"},{"link_name":"molt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecdysis"},{"link_name":"Euphydryas chalcedona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphydryas_chalcedona"},{"link_name":"Chlosyne gabbii","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlosyne_gabbii"},{"link_name":"Thessalia leonira wrighti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thessalia_leonira_wrighti&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FWS-4"}],"sub_title":"Appearance","text":"A member of the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae, the Quino checkerspot is a medium-sized butterfly with a wingspan of approximately 3 cm. The dorsal wing surfaces are a colorful checkerboard of brown, red and yellow spots. The Quino differs from other E. editha subspecies in that its spots tend to be a darker red.It also differentiates itself through its size and larval and pupal phenotypes. The ventral side of the butterfly are dominated by a checkered red and cream pattern. Its abdomen has red stripes across the dorsal side. After a second molt, the Quino checkerspot is recognized by the dark black coloration and row of 8 to 9 orange tubercles on their back. Before the larvae first molt they are mostly yellowish. After first molt and before their second molt they are gray with black markings. The pupae are mottled black on a blue-gray background.The Quino checkerspot is easily confused in the field by inexperienced butterfly searchers. It is generally confused with three other co-occurring butterfly species, the Chalcedon or variable checkerspot (Euphydryas chalcedona), Gabb's checkerspot (Chlosyne gabbii) and Wright's checkerspot (Thessalia leonira wrighti).[4]","title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bay checkerspot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_checkerspot"},{"link_name":"molt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molt"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"}],"sub_title":"Life cycle","text":"The life cycle of the Quino checkerspot closely mirrors that of the close Bay checkerspot. They share the same host plant and similar chronology of developmental stages. Sometimes, organisms molt seven times before reaching adulthood. There are typically only one generation of adults every year. The flight period is between February through May.[5]","title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Plantago erecta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_erecta"},{"link_name":"Sairocarpus coulterianus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sairocarpus_coulterianus"},{"link_name":"Plantago patagonica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_patagonica"},{"link_name":"Collinsia concolor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collinsia_concolor"},{"link_name":"Plantago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago"},{"link_name":"Castilleja exserta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilleja_exserta"},{"link_name":"Cordylanthus rigidus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordylanthus_rigidus"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FWS-4"}],"sub_title":"Host Plants","text":"Female butterflies only lay eggs on species they recognize as host plants. The larval food sources for the Quino checkerspot butterfly are:dwarf plantain (Plantago erecta)\nwhite snapdragon (Sairocarpus coulterianus)\nwoolly plantain (Plantago patagonica)\nChinese houses (Collinsia concolor)Larval Quino checkerspot butterfly may also use other species of native plantain (Plantago sp.), as well as purple owl’s clover (Castilleja exserta) and thread-leaved bird’s beak (Cordylanthus rigidus), as secondary host plants. The use of purple owl’s clover and thread-leaved bird’s beak is rare. These species alone do not support Quino breeding.[4]","title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"urban development","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_development"},{"link_name":"scrub land","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrubland"},{"link_name":"Mission blue butterfly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_blue_butterfly"},{"link_name":"habitat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat"},{"link_name":"Invasive species","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species"},{"link_name":"overgrazing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgrazing"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"The obvious factor in the decline of the Quino checkerspot is urban development. Much of the historic scrub land that it occupied, much like the Mission blue butterfly, also endangered, has been built over. The persisting habitat faces other threats. Invasive species, in the form of non-native plant life and overgrazing are just two of the hurdles facing the recovery of the Quino checkerspot. Today, there are eight populations of the Quino known.[6]","title":"Habitat"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"agricultural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural"},{"link_name":"grazing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grazing"},{"link_name":"Bay checkerspot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_checkerspot"},{"link_name":"Riverside County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_County,_California"},{"link_name":"San Diego County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_County"},{"link_name":"California State Route 125","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Route_125"},{"link_name":"Baja California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FWS-4"},{"link_name":"Ventura County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventura_County,_California"},{"link_name":"Tehachapi Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehachapi_Mountains"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FWS-4"}],"sub_title":"Range","text":"Habitat declined and, thus, distribution and population of the Quino checkerspot has been greatly reduced during the last 100 years, likely around 75%.[5] Nearly all of the blame lies in agricultural and urban development in southern California. The other impactors to the decline include non-native grasses and fire suppression practices as well as grazing. The Quino checkerspot became the second subspecies of Euphydryas editha to be listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The first was the Bay checkerspot.Currently, the Quino checkerspot is only found in a very few locales: Western Riverside County, southern San Diego County along California State Route 125 and northern Baja California, Mexico.[4] The animal's historic range once included much of coastal California south of Ventura County as well as the inland valleys south of the Tehachapi Mountains. Regardless, more than 75% of the butterfly's original range has been lost. The range loss translates directly into population decline. Quino checkerspot butterfly populations appear to have decreased by more than 95% range wide.[4]","title":"Habitat"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Donald Trump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump"},{"link_name":"expansion of the border wall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_wall"},{"link_name":"illegal entry by foreign nationals through Mexico into the US","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"presidential campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign"},{"link_name":"border walls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier"},{"link_name":"genetic diversity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_diversity"},{"link_name":"native vegetation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_vegetation"},{"link_name":"invasive species","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"}],"sub_title":"Impact of barrier construction along Mexico-United States border","text":"American President Donald Trump proposed expansion of the border wall between Mexico and the US to prevent illegal entry by foreign nationals through Mexico into the US during his presidential campaign and upon being elected. The construction of additional border walls in new locations would likely have adverse effects on many species, including the Quino checkerspot. Because the range of the subspecies is so reduced and threatened already, the construction of a wall would separate the organisms in Mexico and the US, which would reduce the genetic diversity between the populations. In addition, the proposed wall could harm the native vegetation the butterflies need and may spread invasive species in areas disturbed by the construction.[5]","title":"Habitat"}] | [] | [{"title":"National Butterfly Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Butterfly_Center"}] | [{"reference":"\"Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino)\". ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5900","url_text":"\"Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Recovery plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly (2003)\" (PDF). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/030917.pdf","url_text":"\"Recovery plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly (2003)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Amendment (2019) to the Recovery Plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly\" (PDF). EC. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 21 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/Quino_APG.pdf","url_text":"\"Amendment (2019) to the Recovery Plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly\""}]},{"reference":"\"Quino Checkerspot Butterfly\". www.fws.gov. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. October 19, 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.fws.gov/story/quino-checkerspot-butterfly?page=13","url_text":"\"Quino Checkerspot Butterfly\""}]},{"reference":"Greenwald, Noah; Segee, Brian; Curry, Tierra; Bradley, Curt (May 2017). \"A Wall in the Wild:The Disastrous Impacts of Trump's Border Wall on Wildlife\" (PDF). Center for Biological Diversity.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/international/borderlands_and_boundary_waters/pdfs/A_Wall_in_the_Wild.pdf","url_text":"\"A Wall in the Wild:The Disastrous Impacts of Trump's Border Wall on Wildlife\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5900","external_links_name":"\"Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino)\""},{"Link":"https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/030917.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Recovery plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly (2003)\""},{"Link":"https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/Quino_APG.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Amendment (2019) to the Recovery Plan for the Quino Checkerspot Butterfly\""},{"Link":"https://www.fws.gov/story/quino-checkerspot-butterfly?page=13","external_links_name":"\"Quino Checkerspot Butterfly\""},{"Link":"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/international/borderlands_and_boundary_waters/pdfs/A_Wall_in_the_Wild.pdf","external_links_name":"\"A Wall in the Wild:The Disastrous Impacts of Trump's Border Wall on Wildlife\""},{"Link":"https://essig.berkeley.edu/endangered/endangered_euphquin/","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5900","external_links_name":"5900"},{"Link":"https://www.gbif.org/species/4299338","external_links_name":"4299338"},{"Link":"https://inaturalist.org/taxa/210816","external_links_name":"210816"},{"Link":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=779299","external_links_name":"779299"},{"Link":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.114856/","external_links_name":"2.114856"},{"Link":"https://observation.org/species/589809/","external_links_name":"589809"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Gibson | Clifford Gibson | ["1 References","2 External links"] | American blues singer and guitarist
Clifford "Grandpappy" Gibson (April 17, 1901 – December 21, 1963) was an American blues singer and guitarist. He is best known for the tracks, "Bad Luck Dice" and "Hard Headed Blues".
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, he moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in the 1920s and lived there for the rest of his life. He played in St. Louis clubs, and in 1929 began recording for the QRS and Victor labels. He is regarded as one of the earliest urban blues performers, with no pronounced rural influences. His guitar playing style resembled that of Lonnie Johnson, with an emphasis on vibrato and improvisation. His playing could be distinguished from Johnson's by a sharper tone resulting from the use of a capo high up the neck, and his use of open tunings. Among the many themes touched on in his songs, "Don't Put That Thing on Me" is notable for its references to hoodoo, an African American form of folk magic.
Gibson accompanied Jimmie Rodgers on a Victor single, "Let Me Be Your Side Track", in 1931, then spent parts of the next three decades playing in the streets around St. Louis. Gibson resurfaced on recordings in 1960 on Little Milton's Bobbin label, and worked another three years in St. Louis' Gaslight Square, before his death from pulmonary edema in 1963.
References
^ a b c "The 1960s". Thedeadrockstarsclub.com. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
^ a b c "Clifford Gibson : Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
^ a b c Colin Larkin, ed. (1995). The Guinness Who's Who of Blues (Second ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 143. ISBN 0-85112-673-1.
^ Russell, Tony; Smith, Chris (2006). The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings. Penguin. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-140-51384-4.
External links
Illustrated Clifford Gibson discography
Clifford Gibson discography at Discogs
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
France
BnF data
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Artists
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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dead-1"},{"link_name":"blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dead-1"},{"link_name":"Louisville, Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dead-1"},{"link_name":"St. Louis, Missouri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-amg-2"},{"link_name":"recording","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction"},{"link_name":"QRS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QRS_Records"},{"link_name":"Victor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Records"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinBlues-3"},{"link_name":"rural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_blues"},{"link_name":"Lonnie Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonnie_Johnson_(musician)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinBlues-3"},{"link_name":"vibrato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato"},{"link_name":"improvisation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvisation"},{"link_name":"capo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_(musical_device)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Penguin-4"},{"link_name":"hoodoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoodoo_(folk_magic)"},{"link_name":"folk magic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_religion"},{"link_name":"Jimmie Rodgers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)"},{"link_name":"Victor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Records"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-amg-2"},{"link_name":"Little Milton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Milton"},{"link_name":"Bobbin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbin_Records"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinBlues-3"},{"link_name":"Gaslight Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslight_Square"},{"link_name":"pulmonary edema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_edema"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-amg-2"}],"text":"Clifford \"Grandpappy\" Gibson (April 17, 1901 – December 21, 1963)[1] was an American blues singer and guitarist. He is best known for the tracks, \"Bad Luck Dice\" and \"Hard Headed Blues\".[1]Born in Louisville, Kentucky, United States,[1] he moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in the 1920s and lived there for the rest of his life.[2] He played in St. Louis clubs, and in 1929 began recording for the QRS and Victor labels.[3] He is regarded as one of the earliest urban blues performers, with no pronounced rural influences. His guitar playing style resembled that of Lonnie Johnson,[3] with an emphasis on vibrato and improvisation. His playing could be distinguished from Johnson's by a sharper tone resulting from the use of a capo high up the neck, and his use of open tunings.[4] Among the many themes touched on in his songs, \"Don't Put That Thing on Me\" is notable for its references to hoodoo, an African American form of folk magic.Gibson accompanied Jimmie Rodgers on a Victor single, \"Let Me Be Your Side Track\", in 1931, then spent parts of the next three decades playing in the streets around St. Louis.[2] Gibson resurfaced on recordings in 1960 on Little Milton's Bobbin label,[3] and worked another three years in St. Louis' Gaslight Square, before his death from pulmonary edema in 1963.[2]","title":"Clifford Gibson"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"The 1960s\". Thedeadrockstarsclub.com. Retrieved November 18, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/1960.html","url_text":"\"The 1960s\""}]},{"reference":"\"Clifford Gibson : Biography\". AllMusic. 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ISBN 978-0-140-51384-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Penguin_Guide_to_Blues_Recordings","url_text":"The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books","url_text":"Penguin"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-140-51384-4","url_text":"978-0-140-51384-4"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/1960.html","external_links_name":"\"The 1960s\""},{"Link":"https://www.allmusic.com/artist/clifford-gibson-mn0000128705","external_links_name":"\"Clifford Gibson : Biography\""},{"Link":"http://www.wirz.de/music/gibson.htm","external_links_name":"Illustrated Clifford Gibson discography"},{"Link":"https://www.discogs.com/artist/Clifford+Gibson","external_links_name":"Clifford Gibson"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000047554976","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/74048041","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqQxyqCfDRJPktwMRxCcP","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14001036z","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14001036z","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no96048662","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/10c9565a-007b-4710-861d-c73f43cf0bff","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gibson&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gibson&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gibson&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasker_Oddie | Tasker Oddie | ["1 Early life","2 Continued career","3 U.S. Senator","4 Later life, death, and legacy","5 Family","6 References","7 External links"] | American politician
Tasker OddieUnited States Senatorfrom NevadaIn officeMarch 4, 1921 – March 3, 1933Preceded byCharles B. HendersonSucceeded byPat McCarran12th Governor of NevadaIn officeJanuary 2, 1911 – January 4, 1915LieutenantGilbert C. RossPreceded byDenver S. DickersonSucceeded byEmmet D. BoyleMember of the Nevada Senate from Nye CountyIn office1905–1909Preceded byThomas BellSucceeded byClay Tallman, Zeb KendallDistrict Attorney of Nye County, NevadaIn office1901–1903Preceded byJames L. ButlerSucceeded byCharles L. Richards
Personal detailsBornTasker Lowndes Oddie(1870-10-20)October 20, 1870Brooklyn, New York, U.S.DiedFebruary 17, 1950(1950-02-17) (aged 79)San Francisco, California, U.S.Resting placeLone Mountain Cemetery Carson City, NevadaPolitical partyRepublicanSpouse(s)Claire Gardner MacDonald (m. 1903)Daisy Rendall MacKeigan (m. 1916)EducationNew York University School of LawProfessionAttorney
Tasker Lowndes Oddie (October 20, 1870 – February 17, 1950) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 12th Governor of Nevada and a United States Senator. He was a member of the Republican Party.
A native of Brooklyn, New York, Oddie was educated in Brooklyn, then lived and worked for several years in Nebraska and East Orange, New Jersey. After graduating from New York University School of Law in 1895 and practicing law in New York City, in 1898 he moved to Nevada. He worked in Nevada as the attorney and business agent for wealthy businessman Anson Phelps Stokes, and became active in silver and gold mining. Oddie's mining investments made him wealthy, and he expanded his holdings to include ownership takes in farms, railroads, banks, and cattle ranches.
A Republican, Oddie served as school superintendent and district attorney of Nye County from 1901 to 1903, and was a member of the state senate from 1905 to 1909. Oddie was elected governor in 1910, and served from 1911 to 1915. After running unsuccessfully for governor in 1914 and 1918, in 1920 he won election to the U.S. Senate. He was reelected in 1926, and served from 1921 to 1933. Oddie was defeated for reelection in 1932, and for election to the senate in 1938.
In retirement, Oddie spent winters in San Francisco and summers in Nevada. He died in San Francisco on February 17, 1950, and was buried at Lone Mountain Cemetery in Carson City, Nevada.
Early life
Tasker Oddie was born in Brooklyn, New York on October 20, 1870, the son of Henry Meigs Oddie and Ellen Gibson (Prout) Oddie. He attended the public schools of Brooklyn until he was 16, when ill health caused him to travel to Nebraska. He remained there until 1894, and worked for several years as a cowboy. Upon returning east, he settled in East Orange, New Jersey, where he became active in the real estate business. He later became a clerk for a New York City wholesale importing firm, followed by work as the assistant manager of the estate of Isaac Newton Phelps, who had died in 1888, and John Bond Trevor, who had died in 1890.
While managing the Trevor estate, Oddie attended New York University School of Law at night, and graduated with an LL.B. in 1895. He was admitted to the bar the same year, and practiced in New York until 1898, when he moved to Nevada. While living in New Jersey, Oddie also served for three years as a member of the state's militia's Essex Troop of cavalry. He volunteered for the Spanish–American War, but the troop was not called up, and he resigned when he moved to Nevada.
Oddie relocated to Nevada become the attorney and business agent for wealthy businessman Anson Phelps Stokes. He managed Stokes' real estate, banking, railroad, and mining operations for several years, in addition to becoming active in mining in his own right. As the business partner of Jim Butler, the founder of Tonopah, Nevada, and Wilson Brougher, owner of Carson City's Brougher Mansion, Oddie became wealthy as the developer and manager of gold and silver mines, railroads, cattle ranches, and farms.
Continued career
A Republican, Oddie was the Nye County School Superintendent and District Attorney from 1901 to 1903. He was a member of the Nevada State Senate from 1905 to 1909.
In 1910, Oddie was the successful Republican nominee for governor, and he served from 1911 to 1915. As a Progressive Republican, Oddie advocated for worker's compensation, mine safety, and an eight hour workday. In addition, women received the right to vote in local elections, and the state's first laws regulating motor vehicles were enacted. On March 17, 1911, he signed the city charter for Las Vegas, the first incorporated city in the state.
Because he was not married during his governorship, Oddie's mother Ellen and his sisters acted as official hostesses. Oddie was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 and returned to his business interests. He ran for governor unsuccessfully in 1918.
During World War I, Oddie was chairman of Nevada's transportation committee, war industries board, and council of national defense. His continued business interests included serving as president of the Tonopah City Mining Company and the Nye County Bank. In addition, he was an executive or manager of the Tonopah Belmont Development Company, Tonopah City Mining Company, Tonopah Fraction Mining Company, and Gold Hill Mining Company.
U.S. Senator
In 1920, Oddie staged a political comeback by winning election to the U.S. Senate. He was reelected in 1926, and served from March 4, 1921, to March 3, 1933. During his senate career, Oddie was chairman of the Committee On Mines and Mining (68th through 71st Congresses), and the Committee On Post Offices and Post Roads (72nd Congress).
Oddie clashed in the senate with Hiram Johnson of California over the location of the proposed San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. San Francisco area businessmen, in conjunction with Johnson, argued in favor of a location that Oddie believed would disadvantage the United States Navy by destroying anchorages for warships. Subsequent negotiations resulted in the selection of a site that protected the navy's interests.
Oddie was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932, and for election in 1938. After leaving the senate, he resumed his business interests, including serving as president of the Gold Mining Association of America and the Nevada Mine Owners' Association.
Later life, death, and legacy
In his later years, Oddie and his wife spent winters in San Francisco and summers in Nevada. Oddie was a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers and American Cattle Breeders Association. He belonged to the Alta Club of Salt Lake City and the Bohemian Club of San Francisco. Oddie was a Mason, and attained the 32nd degree of the Scottish Rite. He was a member of the Knights Templar, the Elks, and the Episcopal Church.
Oddie died in San Francisco on February 17, 1950. He was interred at Lone Mountain Cemetery, Carson City, Nevada.
Mount Oddie near Tonopah is named after Oddie, as is Oddie Boulevard in Reno and Sparks. Oddie's Tonopah home, the Uri B. Curtis House–Tasker L. Oddie House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Family
In December 1903, Oddie married Claire Gardner MacDonald; they divorced in November 1904. In November 1916, he married Daisy Rendall MacKeigan, and they were married until his death. Oddie had no children with either wife.
Oddie was a descendant of several prominent American families; Henry Meigs was his great-grandfather, and Henry Meigs Jr. was his grand-uncle. Other direct ancestors and extended family included Benjamin Stoddert, Benjamin Tasker Sr., and Christopher Lowndes.
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Williamson, Stanley H., ed. (1926). Who's Who in the Nation's Capital. Washington, DC: Ransdell Incorporated. p. 435 – via Google Books.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Cauldwell, William, ed. (September 1903). "Tasker Lowndes Oddie: General Manager of the Tonopah Mining Company, of Nevada, and a Prominent Mining Man and Stock-Raiser of That State". Successful American. New York, NY: The Writers' Press Association. pp. 572–573 – via Google Books.
^ a b c d e f g Capace, Nancy (2000). Encyclopedia of Nevada. Santa Barbara: Somerset Publishers. pp. 101–102. ISBN 978-0-4030-9611-4 – via Google Books.
^ "Biography, Tasker Oddie". NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
^ Evans, K. J. (February 7, 1999). "C.P. Squires". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Las Vegas, NV.
^ a b c d e "Saint Marks Chapel Font – Tasker Oddie". Saint-Marks.com. Palo Alto, CA: St. Marks Episcopal Church. 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
^ a b c d e Joint Committee On Printing, United States Congress (2006). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1671–1672. ISBN 978-0-1607-3176-1 – via Google Books.
^ a b "Tasker Oddie Dies In San Francisco". Nevada State Journal. Reno, NV. February 18, 1950. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Rites Held Here for Tasker Oddie". Nevada State Journal. Reno, NV. September 10, 1950. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Malone, George W. (February 23, 1950). "Tasker L. Oddie, of Nevada". Congressional Record. Vol. 96–Part 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2262 – via Google Books.
^ Martinez, Sydney (5 April 2023). "Goldfield: The Old West Lives in Nevada's Best Ghost Town". Nevada Ghost Towns. Reno, NV: Finding Nevada Wild. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
^ "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – Uri B. Curtis House–Tasker L. Oddie House" (PDF). Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. Washington, DC: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 1980. p. 4. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
^ "Married Today At Carson". Reno Evening Gazette. Reno, NV. December 2, 1903. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Divorce Granted to T. L. Oddie". The Central Nevadan. Battle Mountain, NV. November 24, 1904. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Former Governor Weds Society Leader of Los Angeles". Reno Evening Gazette. Reno, NV. November 30, 1916. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b "Tasker Oddie Dies In San Francisco". Nevada State Journal. Reno, NV. February 18, 1950. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tasker Oddie.
United States Congress. "Tasker Oddie (id: o000035)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Tasker Oddie at Find a Grave
Chan, Loren. Sagebrush Statesman: Tasker L. Oddie of Nevada. (University of Nevada Press, Reno, 1973)
Biographical Information, Tasker L. Oddie. Nevada State Library and Archives
A Guide to the Tasker L. Oddie Scrapbooks and Correspondence, NC585. Special Collections, University Libraries, University of Nevada, Reno.
Party political offices
Preceded byJames F. Mitchell
Republican nominee for Governor of Nevada 1910, 1914, 1918
Succeeded byJohn H. Miller
Preceded byEdwin E. Roberts
Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Nevada(Class 3) 1920, 1926, 1932, 1938
Succeeded byGeorge W. Malone
Political offices
Preceded byDenver S. Dickerson
Governor of Nevada 1911 – 1915
Succeeded byEmmet D. Boyle
U.S. Senate
Preceded byCharles B. Henderson
U.S. senator (Class 3) from Nevada 1921 – 1933 Served alongside: Key Pittman
Succeeded byPat McCarran
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estate, Oddie attended New York University School of Law at night, and graduated with an LL.B. in 1895.[1] He was admitted to the bar the same year, and practiced in New York until 1898, when he moved to Nevada.[1] While living in New Jersey, Oddie also served for three years as a member of the state's militia's Essex Troop of cavalry.[2] He volunteered for the Spanish–American War, but the troop was not called up, and he resigned when he moved to Nevada.[2]Oddie relocated to Nevada become the attorney and business agent for wealthy businessman Anson Phelps Stokes.[1] He managed Stokes' real estate, banking, railroad, and mining operations for several years, in addition to becoming active in mining in his own right.[1] As the business partner of Jim Butler, the founder of Tonopah, Nevada, and Wilson Brougher, owner of Carson City's Brougher Mansion, Oddie became wealthy as the developer and manager of gold and silver mines, railroads, cattle ranches, and farms.[1]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cauldwell-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Capace-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Capace-3"},{"link_name":"Progressive Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Republican"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Capace-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Las Vegas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Marks-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Capace-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Capace-3"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Williamson-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cauldwell-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cauldwell-2"}],"text":"A Republican, Oddie was the Nye County School Superintendent and District Attorney from 1901 to 1903.[2] He was a member of the Nevada State Senate from 1905 to 1909.[3]In 1910, Oddie was the successful Republican nominee for governor, and he served from 1911 to 1915.[3] As a Progressive Republican, Oddie advocated for worker's compensation, mine safety, and an eight hour workday.[3] In addition, women received the right to vote in local elections, and the state's first laws regulating motor vehicles were enacted.[4] On March 17, 1911, he signed the city charter for Las Vegas, the first incorporated city in the state.[5]Because he was not married during his governorship, Oddie's mother Ellen and his sisters acted as official hostesses.[6] Oddie was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 and returned to his business interests.[3] He ran for governor unsuccessfully in 1918.[3]During World War I, Oddie was chairman of Nevada's transportation committee, war industries board, and council of national defense.[1] His continued business interests included serving as president of the Tonopah City Mining Company and the Nye County Bank.[2] In addition, he was an executive or manager of the Tonopah Belmont Development Company, Tonopah City Mining Company, Tonopah Fraction Mining Company, and Gold Hill Mining Company.[2]","title":"Continued career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Directory-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Directory-7"},{"link_name":"68th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68th_United_States_Congress"},{"link_name":"71st","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71st_United_States_Congress"},{"link_name":"72nd Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_United_States_Congress"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Directory-7"},{"link_name":"Hiram Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson"},{"link_name":"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Marks-6"},{"link_name":"United States Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Marks-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Marks-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Capace-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Capace-3"}],"text":"In 1920, Oddie staged a political comeback by winning election to the U.S. Senate.[7] He was reelected in 1926, and served from March 4, 1921, to March 3, 1933.[7] During his senate career, Oddie was chairman of the Committee On Mines and Mining (68th through 71st Congresses), and the Committee On Post Offices and Post Roads (72nd Congress).[7]Oddie clashed in the senate with Hiram Johnson of California over the location of the proposed San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.[6] San Francisco area businessmen, in conjunction with Johnson, argued in favor of a location that Oddie believed would disadvantage the United States Navy by destroying anchorages for warships.[6] Subsequent negotiations resulted in the selection of a site that protected the navy's interests.[6]Oddie was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932, and for election in 1938.[3] After leaving the senate, he resumed his business interests, including serving as president of the Gold Mining Association of America and the Nevada Mine Owners' Association.[3]","title":"U.S. Senator"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Marks-6"},{"link_name":"American Institute of Mining Engineers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Mining,_Metallurgical,_and_Petroleum_Engineers"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Williamson-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cauldwell-2"},{"link_name":"Alta Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_Club"},{"link_name":"Bohemian 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Francisco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Directory-7"},{"link_name":"Carson City, Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Directory-7"},{"link_name":"Oddie Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oddie_Boulevard"},{"link_name":"Reno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"Sparks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparks,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Uri B. Curtis House–Tasker L. Oddie House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_B._Curtis_House%E2%80%93Tasker_L._Oddie_House"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"In his later years, Oddie and his wife spent winters in San Francisco and summers in Nevada.[6] Oddie was a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers and American Cattle Breeders Association.[1][2] He belonged to the Alta Club of Salt Lake City and the Bohemian Club of San Francisco.[1][2] Oddie was a Mason, and attained the 32nd degree of the Scottish Rite.[8] He was a member of the Knights Templar, the Elks, and the Episcopal Church.[1][8][9]Oddie died in San Francisco on February 17, 1950.[7] He was interred at Lone Mountain Cemetery, Carson City, Nevada.[7]Mount Oddie near Tonopah is named after Oddie, as is Oddie Boulevard in Reno and Sparks.[10][11] Oddie's Tonopah home, the Uri B. Curtis House–Tasker L. Oddie House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[12]","title":"Later life, death, and legacy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dies-16"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dies-16"},{"link_name":"Henry Meigs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Meigs"},{"link_name":"Henry Meigs Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Meigs_Jr."},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cauldwell-2"},{"link_name":"Benjamin Stoddert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Stoddert"},{"link_name":"Benjamin Tasker Sr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tasker_Sr."},{"link_name":"Christopher Lowndes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lowndes"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cauldwell-2"}],"text":"In December 1903, Oddie married Claire Gardner MacDonald; they divorced in November 1904.[13][14] In November 1916, he married Daisy Rendall MacKeigan, and they were married until his death.[15][16] Oddie had no children with either wife.[16]Oddie was a descendant of several prominent American families; Henry Meigs was his great-grandfather, and Henry Meigs Jr. was his grand-uncle.[2] Other direct ancestors and extended family included Benjamin Stoddert, Benjamin Tasker Sr., and Christopher Lowndes.[2]","title":"Family"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Williamson, Stanley H., ed. (1926). Who's Who in the Nation's Capital. Washington, DC: Ransdell Incorporated. p. 435 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=kUY2ttKq71wC&pg=PA435","url_text":"Who's Who in the Nation's Capital"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"Cauldwell, William, ed. (September 1903). \"Tasker Lowndes Oddie: General Manager of the Tonopah Mining Company, of Nevada, and a Prominent Mining Man and Stock-Raiser of That State\". Successful American. New York, NY: The Writers' Press Association. pp. 572–573 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OqtLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA573","url_text":"\"Tasker Lowndes Oddie: General Manager of the Tonopah Mining Company, of Nevada, and a Prominent Mining Man and Stock-Raiser of That State\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"Capace, Nancy (2000). Encyclopedia of Nevada. Santa Barbara: Somerset Publishers. pp. 101–102. ISBN 978-0-4030-9611-4 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=oLd4nCEMbpUC&pg=PA101","url_text":"Encyclopedia of Nevada"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4030-9611-4","url_text":"978-0-4030-9611-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"\"Biography, Tasker Oddie\". NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nga.org/governor/tasker-lowndes-oddie/","url_text":"\"Biography, Tasker Oddie\""}]},{"reference":"Evans, K. J. (February 7, 1999). \"C.P. Squires\". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Las Vegas, NV.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/c-p-squires/","url_text":"\"C.P. Squires\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal","url_text":"Las Vegas Review-Journal"}]},{"reference":"\"Saint Marks Chapel Font – Tasker Oddie\". Saint-Marks.com. Palo Alto, CA: St. Marks Episcopal Church. 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://saint-marks.com/history/saint-marks-chapel-font-tasker-oddie/","url_text":"\"Saint Marks Chapel Font – Tasker Oddie\""}]},{"reference":"Joint Committee On Printing, United States Congress (2006). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1671–1672. ISBN 978-0-1607-3176-1 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=v9MBIctdjjkC&pg=PA1672","url_text":"Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1607-3176-1","url_text":"978-0-1607-3176-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"\"Tasker Oddie Dies In San Francisco\". Nevada State Journal. Reno, NV. February 18, 1950. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/nevada-state-journal-tasker-oddie-obitua/106440537/","url_text":"\"Tasker Oddie Dies In San Francisco\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_State_Journal","url_text":"Nevada State Journal"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Rites Held Here for Tasker Oddie\". Nevada State Journal. Reno, NV. September 10, 1950. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/nevada-state-journal/78304851/","url_text":"\"Rites Held Here for Tasker Oddie\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_State_Journal","url_text":"Nevada State Journal"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"Malone, George W. (February 23, 1950). \"Tasker L. Oddie, of Nevada\". Congressional Record. Vol. 96–Part 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2262 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Malone","url_text":"Malone, George W."},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=RFvEOJsBgBIC&pg=PA2262","url_text":"\"Tasker L. Oddie, of Nevada\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"Martinez, Sydney (5 April 2023). \"Goldfield: The Old West Lives in Nevada's Best Ghost Town\". Nevada Ghost Towns. Reno, NV: Finding Nevada Wild. Retrieved September 7, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://findingnevadawild.com/goldfield-the-old-west-lives-in-nevadas-best-ghost-town/","url_text":"\"Goldfield: The Old West Lives in Nevada's Best Ghost Town\""}]},{"reference":"\"National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – Uri B. Curtis House–Tasker L. Oddie House\" (PDF). Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. Washington, DC: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 1980. p. 4. Retrieved September 7, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://shpo.nv.gov/uploads/documents/64000532_-_Tonopah_MRA.pdf","url_text":"\"National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – Uri B. Curtis House–Tasker L. Oddie House\""}]},{"reference":"\"Married Today At Carson\". Reno Evening Gazette. Reno, NV. December 2, 1903. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/reno-gazette-journal-married/131363741/","url_text":"\"Married Today At Carson\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno_Evening_Gazette","url_text":"Reno Evening Gazette"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Divorce Granted to T. L. Oddie\". The Central Nevadan. Battle Mountain, NV. November 24, 1904. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-nevadan-divorce/131363938/","url_text":"\"Divorce Granted to T. L. Oddie\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Former Governor Weds Society Leader of Los Angeles\". Reno Evening Gazette. Reno, NV. November 30, 1916. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/reno-gazette-journal-weds/131364201/","url_text":"\"Former Governor Weds Society Leader of Los Angeles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno_Evening_Gazette","url_text":"Reno Evening Gazette"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Tasker Oddie Dies In San Francisco\". Nevada State Journal. Reno, NV. February 18, 1950. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/nevada-state-journal-tasker-oddie-obitua/106440537/","url_text":"\"Tasker Oddie Dies In San Francisco\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_State_Journal","url_text":"Nevada State Journal"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"United States Congress. \"Tasker Oddie (id: o000035)\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ground_of_Arts | The Ground of Arts | ["1 References","2 Further reading"] | The Ground of Arts
Robert Recorde's Arithmetic: or, The Ground of Arts was one of the first printed English textbooks on arithmetic and the most popular of its time. The Ground of Arts appeared in London in 1543, and it was reprinted around 45 more editions until 1700. Editors and contributors of new sections included John Dee, John Mellis, Robert Hartwell, Thomas Willsford, and finally Edward Hatton.
The text is in the format of a dialogue between master and student to facilitate learning arithmetic without a teacher.
References
^ a b Johnston, Stephen (2004). "Recorde, Robert (c.1512–1558)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23241. Retrieved 26 January 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Bregman, Alvan (1 July 2005). "Alligation Alternate and the Composition of Medicines: Arithmetic and Medicine in Early Modern England". Med. Hist. 49 (3): 299–320. doi:10.1017/s0025727300008899. PMC 1172291. PMID 16092789.
Karpinski, Louis (1925). The history of arithmetic. Rand McNally. LCC QA21.K3.
Recorde, Robert (1543). The Grounde of Artes. London: Reynold Wolff. LCC QA33.R3 1542a.
Recorde, Robert (1699) . Edward Hatton (ed.). Arithmetick, or, The ground of arts. London: J.H. for Charles Harper.
Further reading
John Denniss & Fenny Smith, "Robert Recorde and his remarkable Arithmetic", pages 25 to 38 in Gareth Roberts & Fenny Smith (editors) (2012) Robert Recorde: The Life and Times of a Tudor Mathematician, Cardiff: University of Wales Press ISBN 978-0-7083-2526-1
This article about a mathematical publication is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1543_Robert_Recorde.PNG"},{"link_name":"Robert Recorde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Recorde"},{"link_name":"printed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing"},{"link_name":"English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"},{"link_name":"textbooks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbook"},{"link_name":"arithmetic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic"},{"link_name":"London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ODNB-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ODNB-1"},{"link_name":"John Dee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dee_(mathematician)"},{"link_name":"John Mellis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mellis"},{"link_name":"Robert Hartwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hartwell"},{"link_name":"Thomas Willsford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Willsford&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Edward Hatton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hatton_(fl._1696%E2%80%931714)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"dialogue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue"},{"link_name":"learning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning"},{"link_name":"teacher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher"}],"text":"The Ground of ArtsRobert Recorde's Arithmetic: or, The Ground of Arts was one of the first printed English textbooks on arithmetic and the most popular of its time. The Ground of Arts appeared in London in 1543,[1] and it was reprinted around 45 more editions until 1700.[1] Editors and contributors of new sections included John Dee, John Mellis, Robert Hartwell, Thomas Willsford, and finally Edward Hatton.The text is in the format of a dialogue between master and student to facilitate learning arithmetic without a teacher.","title":"The Ground of Arts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Wales Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wales_Press"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7083-2526-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-2526-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arithmetic_symbols.svg"},{"link_name":"mathematical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics"},{"link_name":"publication","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_publishing"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ground_of_Arts&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mathematics-lit-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Mathematics-lit-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mathematics-lit-stub"}],"text":"John Denniss & Fenny Smith, \"Robert Recorde and his remarkable Arithmetic\", pages 25 to 38 in Gareth Roberts & Fenny Smith (editors) (2012) Robert Recorde: The Life and Times of a Tudor Mathematician, Cardiff: University of Wales Press ISBN 978-0-7083-2526-1This article about a mathematical publication is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Further reading"}] | [{"image_text":"The Ground of Arts","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1543_Robert_Recorde.PNG/220px-1543_Robert_Recorde.PNG"}] | null | [{"reference":"Johnston, Stephen (2004). \"Recorde, Robert (c.1512–1558)\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23241. Retrieved 26 January 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23241","url_text":"\"Recorde, Robert (c.1512–1558)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23241","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/23241"}]},{"reference":"Bregman, Alvan (1 July 2005). \"Alligation Alternate and the Composition of Medicines: Arithmetic and Medicine in Early Modern England\". Med. Hist. 49 (3): 299–320. doi:10.1017/s0025727300008899. PMC 1172291. 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LCC QA21.K3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Charles_Karpinski","url_text":"Karpinski, Louis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCC_(identifier)","url_text":"LCC"},{"url":"https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=QA21.K3&searchType=1&recCount=25","url_text":"QA21.K3"}]},{"reference":"Recorde, Robert (1543). The Grounde of Artes. London: Reynold Wolff. LCC QA33.R3 1542a.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCC_(identifier)","url_text":"LCC"},{"url":"https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=QA33.R3+1542a&searchType=1&recCount=25","url_text":"QA33.R3 1542a"}]},{"reference":"Recorde, Robert (1699) [1543]. Edward Hatton (ed.). Arithmetick, or, The ground of arts. London: J.H. for Charles Harper.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=i8NJomIVzlgC&pg=PA9","url_text":"Arithmetick, or, The ground of arts"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23241","external_links_name":"\"Recorde, Robert (c.1512–1558)\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23241","external_links_name":"10.1093/ref:odnb/23241"},{"Link":"https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public","external_links_name":"UK public library membership"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1172291","external_links_name":"\"Alligation Alternate and the Composition of Medicines: Arithmetic and Medicine in Early Modern England\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0025727300008899","external_links_name":"10.1017/s0025727300008899"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1172291","external_links_name":"1172291"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16092789","external_links_name":"16092789"},{"Link":"https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=QA21.K3&searchType=1&recCount=25","external_links_name":"QA21.K3"},{"Link":"https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=QA33.R3+1542a&searchType=1&recCount=25","external_links_name":"QA33.R3 1542a"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=i8NJomIVzlgC&pg=PA9","external_links_name":"Arithmetick, or, The ground of arts"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ground_of_Arts&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_(A-ha_album) | 25 (A-ha album) | ["1 Track listings","1.1 Compilation","1.2 DVD (25: The Videos)","1.3 Japanese track listing","2 Charts","2.1 Weekly charts","2.2 Year-end charts","3 Certifications","4 References"] | 2010 greatest hits album by A-ha25Greatest hits album by A-haReleased19 July 2010 (2010-07-19)Recorded1985–2010Genre
Synthpop
new wave
pop rock
alternative rock
Label
Warner Bros.
Rhino
Producer
Bill Inglot
various
A-ha chronology
Foot of the Mountain(2009)
25(2010)
Ending on a High Note: The Final Concert(2011)
Singles from 25
"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)"Released: 5 July 2010
25 is a greatest hits album by Norwegian band A-ha. It was released in Norway on 19 July 2010, in Germany and central Europe on 6 August, and in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe on 4 October.
25 includes all 33 of the band's singles (excluding the promo singles "I Wish I Cared", "Birthright", "Waiting for Her", "Lie Down in Darkness", "Maybe, Maybe" and "Love Is Reason", as well as the original 1988 single "The Blood That Moves the Body" and the 2003 live version of "The Sun Always Shines on T.V."), along with five album tracks and the B-side "Cold as Stone" (remix).
The album includes the single "Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)" which had the world premiere on 14 June 2010 and was made available as a digital download on 9 July. The Japanese version features a different track list, with three tracks chosen by the Japanese public. This compilation is far more comprehensive than either of the two previous compilations (Headlines and Deadlines – The Hits of A-ha and The Definitive Singles Collection 1984–2004).
Track listings
Compilation
Disc One
"Take On Me" – 3:49 from Hunting High and Low
"The Blue Sky" – 2:36 from Hunting High and Low
"The Sun Always Shines on T.V." – 5:08 from Hunting High and Low
"Train of Thought" (7" remix) – 4:15 from Hunting High and Low
"Hunting High and Low" (7" remix) – 3:48 from Hunting High and Low
"I've Been Losing You" – 4:26 from Scoundrel Days
"Scoundrel Days" – 4:00 from Scoundrel Days
"The Swing of Things" – 4:15 from Scoundrel Days
"Cry Wolf" – 4:06 from Scoundrel Days
"Manhattan Skyline" (edit version) – 4:21 from Scoundrel Days
"The Living Daylights" – 4:12 from the soundtrack to The Living Daylights
"Stay on These Roads" – 4:46 from Stay on These Roads
"Touchy!" (UK DJ edit) – 3:38 from Stay on These Roads
"There's Never a Forever Thing" – 2:51 from Stay on These Roads
"You Are the One" (7" remix) – 3:50 from Stay on These Roads
"The Blood That Moves the Body" (Two-Time Gun Remix) – 4:08 from Stay on These Roads
"Crying in the Rain" – 4:21 from East of the Sun, West of the Moon
"Early Morning" – 2:59 from East of the Sun, West of the Moon
"Slender Frame" – 3:43 from East of the Sun, West of the Moon
"I Call Your Name" (special DJ edit) – 4:29 from East of the Sun, West of the Moon
Disc Two
"Move to Memphis" (single version) – 4:17 from Headlines and Deadlines: The Hits of A-ha
"Dark is the Night for All" – 3:45 from Memorial Beach
"Cold as Stone" (remix) – 4:33 from Memorial Beach
"Angel in the Snow" (edit) – 4:07 from Memorial Beach
"Shapes That Go Together" – 4:14 Single release only
"Summer Moved On" – 4:37 from Minor Earth Major Sky
"Minor Earth Major Sky" (Niven's radio edit) – 4:02 from Minor Earth Major Sky
"The Sun Never Shone That Day" (radio edit) – 3:31 from Minor Earth Major Sky
"Velvet" – 4:20 from Minor Earth Major Sky
"Forever Not Yours" – 4:06 from Lifelines
"Lifelines" – 4:17 from Lifelines
"Did Anyone Approach You?" – 4:11 from Lifelines
"Celice" – 3:40 from Analogue
"Analogue (All I Want)" – 3:49 from Analogue
"Cosy Prisons" (radio mix) – 3:58 from Analogue
"Foot of the Mountain" – 3:57 from Foot of the Mountain
"Nothing Is Keeping You Here" (single remix) – 3:05 from Foot of the Mountain
"Shadowside" (single edit) – 3:31 from Foot of the Mountain
"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)" – 4:10 previously unreleased
"Hunting High and Low" (slow version demo) – 3:45 (German Amazon.de bonus track)
"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)" (Steve Osborne Version) – 4:28 (iTunes Deluxe Edition bonus track)
DVD (25: The Videos)
"Take On Me" (1985 version)
"The Sun Always Shines On T.V."
"I`ve Been Losing You" (original version)
"Manhattan Skyline"
"Stay On These Roads"
"Crying In The Rain" (alternate cut)
"Dark Is The Night For All" ("banned" version)
"Move To Memphis"
"Shapes That Go Together"
"Angel In The Snow"
"Summer Moved On"
"Minor Earth, Major Sky"
"Lifelines"
"Did Anyone Approach You?"
"Velvet" (European Cut, a.k.a. "Licking version")
"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)"
Bonus video
"Take On Me" (1984 version)
Japanese track listing
The Japanese version features a shortened track list sequenced out of chronological order, however it does include seven tracks not included in the international version (indicated by a *):
CD1
"Take on Me"
"Hunting High and Low" (7" remix)
"Stay on These Roads"
"Foot of the Mountain"
"The Sun Always Shines on T.V."
"I've Been Losing You"
"Summer Moved On"
"Crying in the Rain"
"Analogue"
"Manhattan Skyline" (edit version)
"The Swing of Things"
"Scoundrel Days"
"Rolling Thunder" *
"And You Tell Me" *
"You Are the One" (7" remix)
"The Blue Sky"
"The Living Daylights"
"Lifelines"
"Living a Boy's Adventure Tale" *
CD2
"Velvet"
"Angel in the Snow" (edit)
"Shadowside" (single edit)
"Train of Thought" (7" remix)
"Out of Blue Comes Green" *
"Dark Is the Night for All"
"Waiting for Her" *
"Here I Stand and Face the Rain" *
"The Blood That Moves the Body" (Two-Time Gun remix)
"Minor Earth Major Sky" (Niven's radio edit)
"Cry Wolf"
"The Weight of the Wind" *
"Slender Frame"
"Move to Memphis" (single version)
"Touchy!" (UK DJ edit)
"I Call Your Name"
"Shapes That Go Together"
"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)"
Charts
Weekly charts
Chart (2010)
Peakposition
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)
9
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
87
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)
35
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)
27
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
73
European Albums (Billboard)
8
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
2
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)
34
Irish Albums (IRMA)
28
Japanese Albums (Oricon)
203
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)
6
Scottish Albums (OCC)
13
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
55
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)
6
UK Albums (OCC)
10
Year-end charts
Chart (2010)
Position
European Albums (Billboard)
76
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
19
Certifications
Region
Certification
Certified units/sales
Germany (BVMI)
Platinum
200,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)
2× Platinum
60,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)
Silver
60,000^
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
References
^ a b "Worldwide premiere for A-ha's new single! | The Official Website of A-ha". A-ha.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
^ "25". The Official Website of A-ha. Archived from the original on 2011-10-17. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
^ "25 (Bonus Track Version): A-ha: Amazon.de: MP3-Downloads". Amazon.de. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
^ "25〜コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | A-ha|WPCR-13946/7|ワーナーミュージック・ジャパン|CD・DVD 販売 通販 ジョーシン ディスクピア". Joshinweb.jp. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
^ "Austriancharts.at – a-ha – 25" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Ultratop.be – a-ha – 25" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Ultratop.be – a-ha – 25" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Danishcharts.dk – a-ha – 25". Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Dutchcharts.nl – a-ha – 25" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ Sexton, Paul (26 August 2010). "Iron Maiden Debuts Atop Euro Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Offiziellecharts.de – a-ha – 25" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2010. 32. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Top 75 Artist Album, Week Ending 14 October 2010". GfK Chart-Track. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
^ 25～コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | a～ha | a-ha] (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
^ "Norwegiancharts.com – a-ha – 25". Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Spanishcharts.com – a-ha – 25". Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Swisscharts.com – a-ha – 25". Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
^ "Year End Charts – European Top 100 Albums". Billboard.biz. 2010. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 2010" (in German). Offizielle Deutsche Charts. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (A-ha; '25')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ "IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
^ "British album certifications – A-ha – 25". British Phonographic Industry. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
vteA-ha
Magne Furuholmen
Morten Harket
Paul Waaktaar-Savoy
Studio albums
Hunting High and Low
Scoundrel Days
Stay on These Roads
East of the Sun, West of the Moon
Memorial Beach
Minor Earth Major Sky
Lifelines
Analogue
Foot of the Mountain
Cast in Steel
True North
Compilation albums
Headlines and Deadlines: The Hits of A-ha
The Definitive Singles Collection 1984–2004
25
Time and Again: The Ultimate A-ha
Live albums
Live at Vallhall: Homecoming
How Can I Sleep with Your Voice in My Head
Ending on a High Note: The Final Concert
MTV Unplugged: Summer Solstice
Extended plays
45 R.P.M. Club
Twelve Inch Club
Scoundrel Club
Road Club
Box sets
Minor Earth Major Box
Singles
"Take On Me"
"Love Is Reason"
"The Sun Always Shines on T.V."
"Train of Thought"
"Hunting High and Low"
"I've Been Losing You"
"Cry Wolf"
"Manhattan Skyline"
"The Living Daylights"
"Stay on These Roads"
"The Blood That Moves the Body"
"Touchy!"
"You Are the One"
"Crying in the Rain"
"I Call Your Name"
"Early Morning"
"Move to Memphis"
"Dark Is the Night"
"Angel in the Snow"
"Shapes That Go Together"
"Summer Moved On"
"Minor Earth Major Sky"
"Velvet"
"Forever Not Yours"
"Lifelines"
"Did Anyone Approach You?"
"Celice"
"Analogue (All I Want)"
"Cosy Prisons"
"Foot of the Mountain"
"Nothing Is Keeping You Here"
"Shadowside"
"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)"
"You Have What It Takes"
Tours
Ending on a High Note Tour
Related articles
Discography
Awards
Bridges
Savoy
Apparatjik
The Swing of Things / The Demo Tapes
Category
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz release group | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"greatest hits album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest_hits_album"},{"link_name":"A-ha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-ha"},{"link_name":"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly,_Butterfly_(The_Last_Hurrah)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"},{"link_name":"Headlines and Deadlines – The Hits of A-ha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlines_and_Deadlines_%E2%80%93_The_Hits_of_A-ha"},{"link_name":"The Definitive Singles Collection 1984–2004","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Definitive_Singles_Collection_1984%E2%80%932004"}],"text":"25 is a greatest hits album by Norwegian band A-ha. It was released in Norway on 19 July 2010, in Germany and central Europe on 6 August, and in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe on 4 October.\n25 includes all 33 of the band's singles (excluding the promo singles \"I Wish I Cared\", \"Birthright\", \"Waiting for Her\", \"Lie Down in Darkness\", \"Maybe, Maybe\" and \"Love Is Reason\", as well as the original 1988 single \"The Blood That Moves the Body\" and the 2003 live version of \"The Sun Always Shines on T.V.\"), along with five album tracks and the B-side \"Cold as Stone\" (remix).The album includes the single \"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)\" which had the world premiere on 14 June 2010 and was made available as a digital download on 9 July.[1] The Japanese version features a different track list, with three tracks chosen by the Japanese public. This compilation is far more comprehensive than either of the two previous compilations (Headlines and Deadlines – The Hits of A-ha and The Definitive Singles Collection 1984–2004).","title":"25 (A-ha album)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Track listings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Take On Me","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_On_Me"},{"link_name":"Hunting High and Low","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting_High_and_Low"},{"link_name":"The Sun Always Shines on T.V.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_Always_Shines_on_T.V."},{"link_name":"Train of Thought","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_of_Thought_(A-ha_song)"},{"link_name":"Hunting High and Low","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting_High_and_Low_(A-ha_song)"},{"link_name":"I've Been Losing You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ve_Been_Losing_You"},{"link_name":"Scoundrel Days","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoundrel_Days"},{"link_name":"Cry Wolf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry_Wolf_(A-ha_song)"},{"link_name":"Manhattan Skyline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Skyline_(song)"},{"link_name":"The Living Daylights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Living_Daylights_(song)"},{"link_name":"soundtrack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Living_Daylights_(soundtrack)"},{"link_name":"The Living Daylights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Living_Daylights"},{"link_name":"Stay on These Roads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_on_These_Roads_(song)"},{"link_name":"Stay on These Roads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_on_These_Roads"},{"link_name":"Touchy!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchy!"},{"link_name":"You Are the One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Are_the_One_(A-ha_song)"},{"link_name":"The Blood That Moves the Body","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blood_That_Moves_the_Body"},{"link_name":"Crying in the Rain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crying_in_the_Rain#A-ha_version"},{"link_name":"East of the Sun, West of the Moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_of_the_Sun,_West_of_the_Moon"},{"link_name":"Early Morning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Morning_(song)"},{"link_name":"Move to Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Move_to_Memphis"},{"link_name":"Headlines and Deadlines: The Hits of A-ha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlines_and_Deadlines:_The_Hits_of_A-ha"},{"link_name":"Dark is the Night for All","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_is_the_Night_for_All"},{"link_name":"Memorial Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Beach"},{"link_name":"Angel in the Snow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(A-ha_song)"},{"link_name":"Shapes That Go Together","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapes_That_Go_Together"},{"link_name":"Summer Moved On","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Moved_On"},{"link_name":"Minor Earth Major Sky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Earth_Major_Sky"},{"link_name":"Minor Earth Major Sky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Earth_Major_Sky_(song)"},{"link_name":"The Sun Never Shone That Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_Never_Shone_That_Day"},{"link_name":"Velvet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvet_(Savoy_song)"},{"link_name":"Forever Not Yours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forever_Not_Yours"},{"link_name":"Lifelines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifelines_(A-ha_album)"},{"link_name":"Lifelines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifelines_(song)"},{"link_name":"Did Anyone Approach You?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Did_Anyone_Approach_You%3F"},{"link_name":"Celice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celice_(song)"},{"link_name":"Analogue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_(album)"},{"link_name":"Analogue (All I Want)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_(All_I_Want)"},{"link_name":"Cosy Prisons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosy_Prisons"},{"link_name":"Foot of the Mountain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_of_the_Mountain_(song)"},{"link_name":"Foot of the Mountain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_of_the_Mountain"},{"link_name":"Nothing Is Keeping You Here","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_Is_Keeping_You_Here"},{"link_name":"Shadowside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowside_(song)"},{"link_name":"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly,_Butterfly_(The_Last_Hurrah)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"sub_title":"Compilation","text":"Disc One[2]\"Take On Me\" – 3:49 from Hunting High and Low\n\"The Blue Sky\" – 2:36 from Hunting High and Low\n\"The Sun Always Shines on T.V.\" – 5:08 from Hunting High and Low\n\"Train of Thought\" (7\" remix) – 4:15 from Hunting High and Low\n\"Hunting High and Low\" (7\" remix) – 3:48 from Hunting High and Low\n\"I've Been Losing You\" – 4:26 from Scoundrel Days\n\"Scoundrel Days\" – 4:00 from Scoundrel Days\n\"The Swing of Things\" – 4:15 from Scoundrel Days\n\"Cry Wolf\" – 4:06 from Scoundrel Days\n\"Manhattan Skyline\" (edit version) – 4:21 from Scoundrel Days\n\"The Living Daylights\" – 4:12 from the soundtrack to The Living Daylights\n\"Stay on These Roads\" – 4:46 from Stay on These Roads\n\"Touchy!\" (UK DJ edit) – 3:38 from Stay on These Roads\n\"There's Never a Forever Thing\" – 2:51 from Stay on These Roads\n\"You Are the One\" (7\" remix) – 3:50 from Stay on These Roads\n\"The Blood That Moves the Body\" (Two-Time Gun Remix) – 4:08 from Stay on These Roads\n\"Crying in the Rain\" – 4:21 from East of the Sun, West of the Moon\n\"Early Morning\" – 2:59 from East of the Sun, West of the Moon\n\"Slender Frame\" – 3:43 from East of the Sun, West of the Moon\n\"I Call Your Name\" (special DJ edit) – 4:29 from East of the Sun, West of the MoonDisc Two\"Move to Memphis\" (single version) – 4:17 from Headlines and Deadlines: The Hits of A-ha\n\"Dark is the Night for All\" – 3:45 from Memorial Beach\n\"Cold as Stone\" (remix) – 4:33 from Memorial Beach\n\"Angel in the Snow\" (edit) – 4:07 from Memorial Beach\n\"Shapes That Go Together\" – 4:14 Single release only\n\"Summer Moved On\" – 4:37 from Minor Earth Major Sky\n\"Minor Earth Major Sky\" (Niven's radio edit) – 4:02 from Minor Earth Major Sky\n\"The Sun Never Shone That Day\" (radio edit) – 3:31 from Minor Earth Major Sky\n\"Velvet\" – 4:20 from Minor Earth Major Sky\n\"Forever Not Yours\" – 4:06 from Lifelines\n\"Lifelines\" – 4:17 from Lifelines\n\"Did Anyone Approach You?\" – 4:11 from Lifelines\n\"Celice\" – 3:40 from Analogue\n\"Analogue (All I Want)\" – 3:49 from Analogue\n\"Cosy Prisons\" (radio mix) – 3:58 from Analogue\n\"Foot of the Mountain\" – 3:57 from Foot of the Mountain\n\"Nothing Is Keeping You Here\" (single remix) – 3:05 from Foot of the Mountain\n\"Shadowside\" (single edit) – 3:31 from Foot of the Mountain\n\"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)\" – 4:10 previously unreleased\"Hunting High and Low\" (slow version demo) – 3:45 (German Amazon.de bonus track)[3]\n\"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)\" (Steve Osborne Version) – 4:28 (iTunes Deluxe Edition bonus track)","title":"Track listings"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"DVD (25: The Videos)","text":"\"Take On Me\" (1985 version)\n\"The Sun Always Shines On T.V.\"\n\"I`ve Been Losing You\" (original version)\n\"Manhattan Skyline\"\n\"Stay On These Roads\"\n\"Crying In The Rain\" (alternate cut)\n\"Dark Is The Night For All\" (\"banned\" version)\n\"Move To Memphis\"\n\"Shapes That Go Together\"\n\"Angel In The Snow\"\n\"Summer Moved On\"\n\"Minor Earth, Major Sky\"\n\"Lifelines\"\n\"Did Anyone Approach You?\"\n\"Velvet\" (European Cut, a.k.a. \"Licking version\")\n\"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)\"Bonus video\"Take On Me\" (1984 version)","title":"Track listings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"sub_title":"Japanese track listing","text":"The Japanese version features a shortened track list sequenced out of chronological order, however it does include seven tracks not included in the international version (indicated by a *):[4]CD1\"Take on Me\"\n\"Hunting High and Low\" (7\" remix)\n\"Stay on These Roads\"\n\"Foot of the Mountain\"\n\"The Sun Always Shines on T.V.\"\n\"I've Been Losing You\"\n\"Summer Moved On\"\n\"Crying in the Rain\"\n\"Analogue\"\n\"Manhattan Skyline\" (edit version)\n\"The Swing of Things\"\n\"Scoundrel Days\"\n\"Rolling Thunder\" *\n\"And You Tell Me\" *\n\"You Are the One\" (7\" remix)\n\"The Blue Sky\"\n\"The Living Daylights\"\n\"Lifelines\"\n\"Living a Boy's Adventure Tale\" *CD2\"Velvet\"\n\"Angel in the Snow\" (edit)\n\"Shadowside\" (single edit)\n\"Train of Thought\" (7\" remix)\n\"Out of Blue Comes Green\" *\n\"Dark Is the Night for All\"\n\"Waiting for Her\" *\n\"Here I Stand and Face the Rain\" *\n\"The Blood That Moves the Body\" (Two-Time Gun remix)\n\"Minor Earth Major Sky\" (Niven's radio edit)\n\"Cry Wolf\"\n\"The Weight of the Wind\" *\n\"Slender Frame\"\n\"Move to Memphis\" (single version)\n\"Touchy!\" (UK DJ edit)\n\"I Call Your Name\"\n\"Shapes That Go Together\"\n\"Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)\"","title":"Track listings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=25_(A-ha_album)&action=edit§ion=6"},{"link_name":"Ö3 Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%963_Austria_Top_40"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Austria_a-ha-5"},{"link_name":"Ultratop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultratop"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Flanders_a-ha-6"},{"link_name":"Ultratop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultratop"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Wallonia_a-ha-7"},{"link_name":"Hitlisten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlisten"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Denmark_a-ha-8"},{"link_name":"Album Top 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Album_Top_100"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Netherlands_a-ha-9"},{"link_name":"European Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Top_100_Albums"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Offizielle Top 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Germany4_a-ha-11"},{"link_name":"MAHASZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Hungarian_Record_Companies"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Hungary_-12"},{"link_name":"IRMA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Recorded_Music_Association"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Oricon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oricon_Albums_Chart"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"VG-lista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VG-lista"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Norway_a-ha-15"},{"link_name":"Scottish Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Singles_and_Albums_Charts"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Scotland_-16"},{"link_name":"PROMUSICAE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Spain_a-ha-17"},{"link_name":"Schweizer Hitparade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Hitparade"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Switzerland_a-ha-18"},{"link_name":"UK Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_UK2_-19"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=25_(A-ha_album)&action=edit§ion=7"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"Weekly charts[edit]\n\n\n\nChart (2010)\n\nPeakposition\n\n\nAustrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[5]\n\n9\n\n\nBelgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[6]\n\n87\n\n\nBelgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[7]\n\n35\n\n\nDanish Albums (Hitlisten)[8]\n\n27\n\n\nDutch Albums (Album Top 100)[9]\n\n73\n\n\nEuropean Albums (Billboard)[10]\n\n8\n\n\nGerman Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[11]\n\n2\n\n\nHungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[12]\n\n34\n\n\nIrish Albums (IRMA)[13]\n\n28\n\n\nJapanese Albums (Oricon)[14]\n\n203\n\n\nNorwegian Albums (VG-lista)[15]\n\n6\n\n\nScottish Albums (OCC)[16]\n\n13\n\n\nSpanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[17]\n\n55\n\n\nSwiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[18]\n\n6\n\n\nUK Albums (OCC)[19]\n\n10\n\n\n\nYear-end charts[edit]\n\n\n\nChart (2010)\n\nPosition\n\n\nEuropean Albums (Billboard)[20]\n\n76\n\n\nGerman Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[21]\n\n19","title":"Charts"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Certifications"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Worldwide premiere for A-ha's new single! | The Official Website of A-ha\". A-ha.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2011-09-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111011063447/http://a-ha.com/news/articles/worldwide-premiere-for-A-has-new-single/","url_text":"\"Worldwide premiere for A-ha's new single! | The Official Website of A-ha\""},{"url":"http://a-ha.com/news/articles/worldwide-premiere-for-a-has-new-single/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"25\". The Official Website of A-ha. Archived from the original on 2011-10-17. Retrieved 2011-11-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111017160156/http://a-ha.com/discography/albums/25-2/","url_text":"\"25\""},{"url":"http://a-ha.com/discography/albums/25-2/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"25 (Bonus Track Version): A-ha: Amazon.de: MP3-Downloads\". Amazon.de. Retrieved 2011-09-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.de/dp/B003YO8YVG","url_text":"\"25 (Bonus Track Version): A-ha: Amazon.de: MP3-Downloads\""}]},{"reference":"\"25〜コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | A-ha|WPCR-13946/7|ワーナーミュージック・ジャパン|CD・DVD 販売 通販 ジョーシン ディスクピア\". Joshinweb.jp. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://joshinweb.jp/dp/4943674101252.html","url_text":"\"25〜コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | A-ha|WPCR-13946/7|ワーナーミュージック・ジャパン|CD・DVD 販売 通販 ジョーシン ディスクピア\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110722180129/http://joshinweb.jp/dp/4943674101252.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Sexton, Paul (26 August 2010). \"Iron Maiden Debuts Atop Euro Chart\". Billboard. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/956664/iron-maiden-debuts-atop-euro-chart","url_text":"\"Iron Maiden Debuts Atop Euro Chart\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"\"Top 75 Artist Album, Week Ending 14 October 2010\". GfK Chart-Track. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180502210853/http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2010&year=2010&week=41","url_text":"\"Top 75 Artist Album, Week Ending 14 October 2010\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GfK_Chart-Track","url_text":"GfK Chart-Track"},{"url":"http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2010&year=2010&week=41","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"25～コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | a～ha [25 [Japan Edition] | a-ha] (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved 3 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/27061/products/885866/1/","url_text":"25～コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | a～ha"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oricon","url_text":"Oricon"}]},{"reference":"\"Year End Charts – European Top 100 Albums\". Billboard.biz. 2010. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121003062606/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2010/european-100-albums","url_text":"\"Year End Charts – European Top 100 Albums\""},{"url":"http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2010/european-100-albums","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 2010\" (in German). Offizielle Deutsche Charts. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-2010","url_text":"\"Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 2010\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (A-ha; '25')\" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.musikindustrie.de/wie-musik-zur-karriere-werden-kann/markt-bestseller/gold-/platin-und-diamond-auszeichnung/datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=25&strInterpret=A-ha&strTtArt=alle&strAwards=checked","url_text":"\"Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (A-ha; '25')\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie","url_text":"Bundesverband Musikindustrie"}]},{"reference":"\"IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011\" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway. Retrieved November 24, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121105012246/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/lst_trofeer_sok.asp?type=artist","url_text":"\"IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry","url_text":"IFPI"}]},{"reference":"\"British album certifications – A-ha – 25\". British Phonographic Industry. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/8857-2427-2","url_text":"\"British album certifications – A-ha – 25\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry","url_text":"British Phonographic Industry"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111011063447/http://a-ha.com/news/articles/worldwide-premiere-for-A-has-new-single/","external_links_name":"\"Worldwide premiere for A-ha's new single! | The Official Website of A-ha\""},{"Link":"http://a-ha.com/news/articles/worldwide-premiere-for-a-has-new-single/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111017160156/http://a-ha.com/discography/albums/25-2/","external_links_name":"\"25\""},{"Link":"http://a-ha.com/discography/albums/25-2/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.de/dp/B003YO8YVG","external_links_name":"\"25 (Bonus Track Version): A-ha: Amazon.de: MP3-Downloads\""},{"Link":"http://joshinweb.jp/dp/4943674101252.html","external_links_name":"\"25〜コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | A-ha|WPCR-13946/7|ワーナーミュージック・ジャパン|CD・DVD 販売 通販 ジョーシン ディスクピア\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110722180129/http://joshinweb.jp/dp/4943674101252.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Austriancharts.at – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://www.ultratop.be/nl/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Ultratop.be – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://www.ultratop.be/fr/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Ultratop.be – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://danishcharts.dk/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Danishcharts.dk – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Dutchcharts.nl – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/956664/iron-maiden-debuts-atop-euro-chart","external_links_name":"\"Iron Maiden Debuts Atop Euro Chart\""},{"Link":"https://www.offiziellecharts.de/album-details-136361","external_links_name":"\"Offiziellecharts.de – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://slagerlistak.hu/album-top-40-slagerlista/2010/32","external_links_name":"\"Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2010. 32. hét\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180502210853/http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2010&year=2010&week=41","external_links_name":"\"Top 75 Artist Album, Week Ending 14 October 2010\""},{"Link":"http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2010&year=2010&week=41","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/27061/products/885866/1/","external_links_name":"25～コンプリート・ベスト【ジャパン・エディション】 | a～ha"},{"Link":"https://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Norwegiancharts.com – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-albums-chart/20101010/40/","external_links_name":"\"Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100\""},{"Link":"https://spanishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Spanishcharts.com – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"http://swisscharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=a-ha&titel=25&cat=a","external_links_name":"\"Swisscharts.com – a-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/20101010/7502/","external_links_name":"\"Official Albums Chart Top 100\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121003062606/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2010/european-100-albums","external_links_name":"\"Year End Charts – European Top 100 Albums\""},{"Link":"http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2010/european-100-albums","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-2010","external_links_name":"\"Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 2010\""},{"Link":"https://www.musikindustrie.de/wie-musik-zur-karriere-werden-kann/markt-bestseller/gold-/platin-und-diamond-auszeichnung/datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=25&strInterpret=A-ha&strTtArt=alle&strAwards=checked","external_links_name":"\"Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (A-ha; '25')\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121105012246/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/lst_trofeer_sok.asp?type=artist","external_links_name":"\"IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011\""},{"Link":"https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/8857-2427-2","external_links_name":"\"British album certifications – A-ha – 25\""},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/d14473a8-95ec-4357-9067-061338b3ac0b","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz release group"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeh_report | Jerry Sandusky | ["1 Early life and education","2 Personal life","3 Career","3.1 Early coaching career","3.2 Coaching career at Penn State","4 The Second Mile","5 Child sex abuse scandal","5.1 Investigation and charges","5.2 Pre-trial interviews","5.3 Trial","5.4 Verdict and sentencing","5.5 Reaction","5.6 Freeh report","5.7 Further allegations and investigations","5.8 Imprisonment and post-trial motions","6 Publications and interviews","7 References","8 External links"] | American college football coach and convicted child sex offender (born 1944)
Not to be confused with Baltimore sportscaster Gerry Sandusky.
Jerry SanduskySandusky's mug shot, c. 2012BornGerald Arthur Sandusky (1944-01-26) January 26, 1944 (age 80)Washington, Pennsylvania, U.S.OccupationCollege football coach (retired)Criminal statusIncarcerated at State Correctional Institution – Laurel Highlands; earliest possible release October 9, 2042Spouse
Dottie Gross (m. 1966)Children6Conviction(s)June 22, 2012Criminal chargeInvoluntary deviant sexual intercourse, indecent assault, criminal intent to commit indecent assault, unlawful contact with minors, corruption of minors, endangering welfare of childrenPenalty30 to 60 years in prison, sentenced on October 9, 2012
Coaching careerPlaying career1963–1965Penn State
Position(s)Defensive endCoaching career (HC unless noted)1966Penn State (GA)1967Juniata (assistant)1968Boston University (assistant)1969Penn State (DL)1970–1976Penn State (LB)1977–1999Penn State (DC/LB)
Accomplishments and honorsAwardsPennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame
Gerald Arthur Sandusky (born January 26, 1944) is an American convicted serial child molester and retired college football coach.
Sandusky served as an assistant coach for his entire career, mostly at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno. Sandusky was an assistant coach at Penn State from 1969 to 1999, serving as defensive coordinator for the final 22 years of his career. He received "Assistant Coach of the Year" awards in 1986 and 1999. Sandusky authored several books related to his football coaching experiences.
In 1977, Sandusky founded The Second Mile, a non-profit charity serving Pennsylvania's underprivileged and at-risk youth. Following his 1999 retirement from Penn State, he continued working with the Second Mile at Penn State and maintained an office at the university until 2011.
In 2011, following a two-year grand jury investigation, Sandusky was arrested and charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period from 1994 to 2009. Sandusky met his molestation victims through the Second Mile, the organization he founded in 1977. Several of his victims later testified against Sandusky in his sexual abuse trial. Four of the charges were subsequently dropped.
On June 22, 2012, Sandusky was found guilty on 45 of the 48 remaining charges. Sandusky was sentenced on October 9, 2012, to 30 to 60 years in prison. He has been incarcerated in the Pennsylvania prison system since October 31, 2012.
Early life and education
Sandusky was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, on January 26, 1944, the only son of Evelyn Mae (née Lee), an Irish Catholic homemaker who came from a small Pennsylvania coal mining town, and Arthur Sandusky, whose parents, Edward and Josephine Sendecki, were immigrants from Poland who moved to East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania.
Sandusky's father Arthur worked with youth service programs for over 30 years, mostly as director of the Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania, a community recreation center for children. His father founded the Pennsylvania Junior Wrestling program, and created junior basketball, volleyball, boxing, and football programs for Brownson House. He improved its facilities, adding a new playground, gym, outdoor basketball court, and a renovated football field. He managed the 1955 Washington, Pennsylvania baseball team that won the Pony League World Series championship, the only team from Washington to win that championship. Arthur was inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1989.
At home, Jerry Sandusky adopted his own personal code called "Jer's Law", which he observed for many years. The rules adopted were that Sandusky could be mischievous but not to the point where someone could be intentionally hurt. He also vowed to not be disrespectful to his teachers, and he swore to himself that he would tell the truth if he was caught breaking any rules. Sandusky is a fan of the 1994 film Forrest Gump, confiding to one of his victims that he identifies with the title character. Sandusky signed off at least one of his letters to his victim as "Forrest Jer."
Sandusky attended Washington High School, where he was a good student and standout athlete, playing baseball, basketball, and football. He was a leader on his junior high basketball team that went undefeated through the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League playoffs in his final season there. Sandusky's classmates during this period describe him as a studious "loner" who "never dated in high school" but was a popular and handsome athlete.
Sandusky attended Penn State, where played college football under Rip Engle for the Nittany Lions, starting at defensive end from 1963 to 1965. In 1966, Sandusky graduated first in his class with a B.S. in health in 1966 and obtained a second degree in physical education in 1970.
Personal life
In 1966, Sandusky married Dorothy "Dottie" (née Gross), and together they adopted six children. Sandusky and his wife have also served as foster parents. One of Sandusky's sons, Jon Sandusky, was director of player personnel for the Cleveland Browns from 2010 to 2014. Another son, E. J. Sandusky, was an assistant football coach at West Chester University. Sandusky described his family as "old fashioned", and his wife Dottie as the family's leader.
Matt Sandusky, one of Sandusky's children and a former foster child of Sandusky's, released a statement through his attorneys saying that Sandusky had sexually molested him as a child. Matt Sandusky's statement was released on the day the jury began deliberations in the sex abuse trial against Sandusky.
On February 13, 2017, another of Sandusky's adopted children, his son Jeffrey (Jeff), was arrested and charged with sexual assault of a child and possession of child pornography, and entered a plea deal while awaiting trial in September 2017, with sentencing scheduled for December 2017. On December 8, 2017, he was given a sentence of three-and-a-half to six years in prison after "pleading guilty to pressuring a teenage girl to send him naked photos and asking her teen sister to perform a sex act."
Jerry Sandusky was a member of St. Paul's United Methodist Church in State College.
Career
Early coaching career
Sandusky served as a graduate assistant under Paterno at Penn State in 1966. He was the assistant basketball and track coach at Juniata College in 1967 and the offensive line coach at Boston University in 1968.
Coaching career at Penn State
He returned to Penn State in 1969 and remained there as an assistant coach until his retirement at the end of the 1999 season. Sandusky served as defensive line coach in 1969, became linebacker coach in 1970, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1977, holding that position until his retirement. In his years as a linebacker coach and defensive coordinator, he coached many defensive squads, and Penn State gained a reputation for outstanding linebacker play, producing 10 first-team All-Americans at that position, and acquiring the nickname "Linebacker U". Jack Ham and LaVar Arrington were two of the noted pro football greats to emerge from his teams.
Upon his retirement, Sandusky was awarded "both an unusual compensation package and a special designation of 'emeritus' rank that carried special privileges, including access to the university's recreational facilities." Spanier approved a lump-sum payment to Sandusky of $168,000.
His final game coaching at Penn State was a notable game for Sandusky. Penn State faced Texas A&M in the 1999 Alamo Bowl in San Antonio, Texas. The Nittany Lions' defense shut out Texas A&M, 24–0, the only bowl game shutout victory for Penn State under Paterno.
The Second Mile
Main article: The Second Mile
After retirement, Sandusky hosted many summer football camps and was active in the Second Mile, a children's charity he founded in State College, Pennsylvania, in 1977.
President George H. W. Bush praised the group as a "shining example" of charity work in a 1990 letter, one of that president's much-promoted "Thousand points of light" encouragements to volunteer community organizations.
Citing Sandusky's work with the Second Mile charity to provide care for foster children, then U.S. Senator Rick Santorum honored Sandusky with an Angels in Adoption award in 2002. On November 15, 2011, the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute, a non-profit adoption awareness organization, rescinded its 2002 Angels in Adoption award to Jerry and Dorothy Sandusky. Santorum, then running for the Republican nomination for President, said he was "devastated" by the scandal.
Former Eagles head coaches Dick Vermeil and Andy Reid, former Phillies owner Ruly Carpenter, Matt Millen from ESPN, actor Mark Wahlberg, Arnold Palmer, and football player Franco Harris, among others, served on the Honorary Board of Second Mile.
During the time period that Sandusky was being investigated by the Office of the Attorney General, investigators served subpoenas on the Second Mile to get records of boys who had been through the program as well as Sandusky's travel and expense records. As it turned out, the records from 2000 to 2003 were missing. Recordkeepers later found files for one year, but the records for the other three years were never found.
Child sex abuse scandal
Main article: Penn State child sex abuse scandal
Investigation and charges
An investigation was initiated by the Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office into sexual abuse allegations against Sandusky in 2008. The charges were initiated at Central Mountain High School, where a student made allegations of abuse against Sandusky. The investigation reached a new level of urgency when it became apparent that the allegations were not an isolated set of incidents, but that Sandusky had a strategy to abuse vulnerable boys. Through his Second Mile organization, Sandusky would first approach potential victims, typically boys without a father living at home, when they were 8–12 years old; subsequently, Sandusky employed classic child grooming strategies such as offering trips to football games or bestowing gifts, which would lead to incremental touching. This form of manipulation is generally the modus operandi of pedophiles as a ploy to build trust while invading personal boundaries—all part of instilling confusion, leading up to the sexual abuse. Eventually, Sandusky often initiated overtly sexual behavior in the locker room showers. "The testimony of one victim, who said he was forced to play with Sandusky's testicles and erect penis when he was 8 to 10 years old, particularly outraged investigators. 'The poor kid was too young to even understand what an erect penis means,' one said."
On November 4, 2011, a grand jury that had been convened in September 2009, or earlier, indicted Sandusky on 40 counts of sex crimes against young boys. The indictment came after a three-year investigation that explored allegations of Sandusky having inappropriate contact with an underage boy over the course of four years, beginning when the boy was ten years old. The boy's parents reported the incident to police in 2009. The grand jury identified eight boys who had been singled out for sexual advances or sexual assaults by Sandusky, taking place from 1994 through 2009. At least 20 of the incidents allegedly took place while Sandusky was still employed at Penn State.
According to the first indictment, in 2002 assistant coach Mike McQueary, then a Penn State graduate assistant, said he walked in on Sandusky anally raping a 10-year-old boy. The next day, McQueary reported the incident to head coach Joe Paterno. (Later while testifying during the Sandusky trial, McQueary spoke about what he had relayed to Paterno: "I told him and I want to make sure I'm clear. I made sure he knew it was sexual and wrong. There was no doubt.") Paterno told McQueary at the time, "You did what you had to do. It is my job now to figure out what we want to do." At the preliminary hearing for Tim Curley and Gary Schultz, McQueary testified that Paterno was "shocked and saddened, kind of slumped back on his chair." He said that Paterno told him: "'I'm sorry you had to see that. It's terrible.' And he said, 'I need to think and tell some people about what you saw and I'll let you know what ... what we'll do next.'" Paterno then informed Penn State athletic director Tim Curley. At the preliminary hearing, McQueary also testified that he "believed" Sandusky was having "some type of intercourse" with the boy. He said that this was based on "the positioning" of Sandusky and the boy, but that he never saw "insertion" or "penetration" and is not "100 percent sure" that intercourse was occurring.
Curley and senior vice president for finance and business Gary Schultz (who oversaw the Penn State police department) called McQueary to a meeting a week-and-a-half later. In McQueary's testimony he stated that during the meeting he relayed in "graphic detail" what he had witnessed in the locker room showers at the Lasch Building. At the preliminary hearing of Curley and Schultz, McQueary testified that he would have given Curley and Schultz a "rough idea" of the body positions of the individuals in the shower, and would have described the activity as "extremely sexual and I thought some kind of intercourse was going on."
The indictment accused Curley and Schultz not only of failing to tell the police, but also of falsely telling the grand jury that McQueary never informed them of the alleged sexual activity.
On November 5, 2011, Sandusky was arrested and charged with seven counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, eight counts of corruption of minors, eight counts of endangering the welfare of a child, seven counts of indecent assault, and other offenses.
The prosecution charged Curley and Schultz with perjury and failure to report suspected child abuse by Sandusky.
On November 6, 2011, Penn State banned Sandusky from campus. His bail conditions did not include restrictions on his travel.
In December 2011, Sandusky was charged with an additional 12 counts of sexual crimes against children. The grand jury's second presentment charged Sandusky with an additional count of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse and two additional counts of unlawful contact with a minor. The additional victims, known only as "Victim 9" and "Victim 10," were participants in Sandusky's youth program and were between the ages of 10 and 12 at the time of the sexual assaults.
On December 7, 2011, Sandusky was arrested for a second time based on the additional sexual abuse charges. Sandusky was released on $250,000 bail and placed on monitored house arrest while he awaited trial.
Pre-trial interviews
On November 14, in a televised phone interview on NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams, Sandusky admitted to correspondent Bob Costas to having showered with underage boys and touching their bodies, as he described it "without intent of sexual contact." Sandusky denied being a pedophile. The interview received substantial coverage in the media, particularly regarding the manner in which Sandusky answered Costas when asked if he is sexually attracted to young boys:
COSTAS: "Are you sexually attracted to young boys, to underage boys?"
SANDUSKY: "Am I sexually attracted to underage boys?"
COSTAS: "Yes."
SANDUSKY: "Sexually attracted, you know, I enjoy young people. I love to be around them... But no, I'm not sexually attracted to young boys."
In the days following the interview, several potential victims contacted State College lawyer Andy Shubin to tell their stories, with one claiming Sandusky had abused him in the 1970s.
In a taped interview with Jo Becker of The New York Times on December 3, 2011, Sandusky and his lawyer, Joe Amendola, attempted to clarify the remarks he made in the November 14 interview:
SANDUSKY: "I was sitting there like, 'what in the world is this question?' am I going to be, if I say, 'no I'm not attracted to boys,' that's not the truth because I'm attracted to young people -- boys, girls."
AMENDOLA (off-camera): "Yeah but not sexually, you're attracted to them as in you like spending time with them."
SANDUSKY: "Right, I enjoy, that's what I'm trying to clarify, I enjoy spending time with young people. I enjoy spending time with people. I mean, my two favorite groups are the elderly and the young. The young because they don't think about what they say and the old because they don't care, you know?"
During the same interview, Sandusky responded to the initial 40 charges of sexual crimes against children:
BECKER: "You must have some theory, without getting into individual cases or naming names."
SANDUSKY: "You would have to, to have my understanding of that. What I think? I mean, what I think are that these are individual matters. These kids, some of them, I know them. Some of them. I don't know all of them. . We're assuming we know them. Two of the kids. My gut feeling would be that they got pulled into this."
Trial
The trial, for 52 charges of sexual crimes against children, started on June 11, 2012, at the Centre County Courthouse in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. State Deputy Attorney General and former homicide prosecutor Joseph E. McGettigan III, led the prosecution team for the Commonwealth; defense attorney Joseph Amendola was Sandusky's lead attorney for the defense team; and Senior Judge John Cleland presided.
Over the course of the trial that lasted eight days, jurors heard from eight witnesses who testified that Sandusky sexually abused them. Jurors also heard testimony about assaults committed against two other victims who were never identified. Of the eight males who gave testimony, each explained that they met Sandusky through The Second Mile organization; their individual accounts spanned from the mid-1990s until 2009. The witnesses testified to similar stories of being abused in the football locker room showers or in the basement of Sandusky's home.
The first prosecution witness, identified in media reports as "Victim 4," described detailed accounts of many instances of sexual abuse, including forced oral and anal sex, by Sandusky while the witness was a participant in Sandusky's Second Mile charitable organization. According to "Victim 4," he was sexually abused by Sandusky as many as three times a week for three years, beginning when he was 13 years old. The witness further testified that when he attempted to distance himself from Sandusky, Sandusky offered the boy a contract for money to continue spending time with him.
On the second day of trial, "Victim 1", the youngest of Sandusky's alleged victims, testified to over 20 incidents of abuse, including forced oral sex, by Sandusky during 2007 and 2008 while the boy was a participant in Sandusky's Second Mile program. The boy was 11 or 12 years old when the sexual abuse started. Mike McQueary, former Penn State graduate assistant football coach, testified that in 2001 in a Penn State locker room, he heard "skin on skin" slapping sounds coming from the showers. McQueary testified that he then saw Sandusky naked behind a 10- to 12-year-old boy propped against a shower wall, with "Sandusky's arms wrapped around the boy's midsection in the closest proximity that I think you could be in."
Sandusky's defense attorneys argued that the accusers were driven by financial motives. The defense also pointed out some of the accusers had changed their stories and that some of them continued a relationship with Sandusky after the alleged abuse (one went to a football game with Sandusky shortly before his arrest, another brought his girlfriend to meet Sandusky). A psychiatrist testifying for the defense, Dr. Eliot Atkins, diagnosed Sandusky with histrionic personality disorder, a disorder characterized by attention-seeking behavior and exaggerated emotions. Atkins testified that the letters written by Sandusky to the accusers were consistent with this disorder, rather than "grooming" behavior as alleged by the prosecution.
On June 18, 2012, it was reported that during the full-day court recess the previous Friday, prosecutors had contacted NBC "asking the network to re-authenticate a full unedited transcript" of the Bob Costas interview from November. An unaired portion of the Costas interview featured Sandusky saying, "I didn't go around seeking out every young person for sexual needs that I've helped". Legal analysts explained that this could be used by the prosecution to cross-examine Sandusky if he were to take the stand.
On June 21, 2012, after the case had gone to the jury, Matt Sandusky, one of Sandusky's six adopted children, stated through his attorney that he was also a victim of the former coach's sexual abuse. He had been ready to testify for the prosecution, but did not do so. Later, Amendola said that Jerry Sandusky had every intention of testifying in his own defense, but decided against it because he claimed that the prosecution would have called Matt to the stand.
Subsequently, sources close to the investigation conducted by the Office of the State attorney general have stated that the prosecutor never threatened to have Matt Sandusky testify at trial, and that "prosecutor Joseph McGettigan relished the opportunity of taking-on Jerry Sandusky in cross examination and had promised Amendola early on that they would not call any additional rebuttal witnesses".
Verdict and sentencing
The jury, consisting of seven women and five men, many with direct ties to Penn State, deliberated for 21 hours over two days. On the evening of June 22, 2012, the jury reached its verdict, finding Sandusky guilty on 45 of the 48 counts against him. Specifically, Sandusky was convicted of the following charges and counts: eight counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, seven counts of indecent assault, one count of criminal intent to commit indecent assault, nine counts of unlawful contact with minors, 10 counts of corruption of minors and 10 counts of endangering the welfare of children. Cleland immediately revoked Sandusky's bail and remanded him to the Centre County Correctional Facility to await sentencing.
Sandusky faced a maximum sentence of 442 years in prison. According to NBC News' Michael Isikoff, Sandusky faced a minimum sentence of 60 years under Pennsylvania sentencing guidelines — at his age, effectively a life sentence. A sentencing hearing was expected 90 days from the date of conviction. On September 17, it was announced that Sandusky would be sentenced on October 9.
Sandusky's statement the evening before his sentencing
On the evening before his sentencing hearing, Sandusky released an audio statement maintaining his innocence. The next day, Cleland sentenced Sandusky to 60 years in prison–as mentioned above, the minimum possible sentence under Pennsylvania law. He will not be eligible for parole until he serves at least 30 years. Sandusky's earliest possible release date will be October 9, 2042, when he will be 98 years old. In pronouncing the sentence, Cleland said that Sandusky was a particularly dangerous breed of child molester because he masked his manipulation and abuse of children behind a respectable facade. "It is the remarkable ability to conceal that makes these crimes so heinous," he said. While acknowledging Sandusky's "positive work," Cleland called him a "dangerous" child molester who should never be allowed to be free again. At the same hearing, Cleland granted prosecutors' request to have Sandusky declared a "sexually violent predator" under Pennsylvania's version of Megan's Law. This would subject him to stringent reporting requirements if he is released. Sandusky would not only have to report his address to police every three months for the rest of his life, but would also have to participate in a court-approved counseling program; however, this designation will likely be academic since as mentioned above, Sandusky will almost certainly die in prison. Earlier, on August 30, the Pennsylvania Sexual Offenders Assessment Board had recommended that Sandusky be declared a sexually violent predator.
Reaction
Penn State became the subject of significant media criticism because several members of its staff allegedly covered up Sandusky's assaults. Maureen Dowd wrote of the scandal: "Like the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy, the Penn State hierarchy appears to have covered up pedophile crimes to protect its brand."
In June 2012, Penn State University implemented a policy to require mandatory reporting of child abuse by any Penn State employee working with children. The policy also requires all Penn State employees working with children to go through a background check and training related to child abuse and reporting requirements.
Freeh report
The Penn State Board of Trustees commissioned a report by a special investigative group headed by former Federal Bureau of Investigation Director Louis Freeh. After interviewing over 400 people and reviewing over 3.5 million documents, the crux of the report's findings, which were released July 12, 2012, state:
Taking into account the available witness statements and evidence, the Special Investigative Counsel finds that it is more reasonable to conclude that, in order to avoid the consequences of bad publicity, the most powerful leaders at the University — Spanier, Schultz, Paterno and Curley — repeatedly concealed critical facts relating to Sandusky's child abuse from authorities, the University's Board of Trustees, the Penn State community, and the public at large.
The Freeh Report states that although the "avoidance of the consequences of bad publicity" was the main driver in failing to protect child abuse victims and report to authorities, the report outlines other causes as well, among which were: "A striking lack of empathy for child abuse victims by the most senior leaders of the University"; a failure of oversight by the board of trustees; a University President "who discouraged discussion and dissent"; "a lack of awareness of child abuse issues"; and "a culture of reverence for the football program that is ingrained at all levels of the campus community".
The report outlines how all four men were aware of the 1998 abuse incident in the locker-room shower, and had followed its investigation at the time. Freeh's investigation uncovered a file kept by Schultz in which he wrote notes about Sandusky's 1998 incident. For instance, Schultz wrote: "Is this opening of Pandora's box?" He also wondered, "other children?" Freeh stated that Schultz had "actively sought to conceal those records".
The evidentiary weight of Freeh's report draws heavily upon retrieved emails from 1998 and 2001, which Freeh referred to as "the most important evidence" in the report. The report asserts that these emails demonstrate that in 1998 Paterno knew of the investigation of Sandusky, and followed it closely; and suggest that it was Paterno, "long regarded as the single most powerful official at the university," who persuaded Spanier, Curley, and Schultz not to formally report Sandusky to law enforcement or child welfare authorities. According to The New York Times, the university's handling of the 2001 report of Sandusky raping a young boy is "one of the most damning episodes laid out by Mr. Freeh's investigation ..."
The report states that nobody took any "responsible action after February 2001 other than Curley informing the Second Mile that Mr. Sandusky had showered with a boy" and then telling Sandusky not to bring his "guests" into the Penn State facilities; but the topic of sexual abuse was not broached with Sandusky.
The report criticizes Paterno for his failure to "alert the entire football staff, in order to prevent Sandusky from bringing another child into the Lasch Building".
According to details in the report, despite being aware of Sandusky's sexual misconduct with young boys in the locker-room showers in the Lasch Building in 1998, and 2001, Spanier, Paterno, Curley, and Schultz never restricted Sandusky's access to Penn State facilities. The report states that Sandusky had access to the Lasch Building until November 2011. Over the next ten-year period, Sandusky "was frequently at the Lasch Building working out, showing up at campus events that Penn State supported ... He was showering with young boys, staying in dormitories ... There are more red flags than you could count, over a long period of time." Consequently, out of the 10 young boys that Sandusky would be convicted of sexually assaulting, most of them were abused after he was investigated in 1998 — at least five of them were assaulted "at Penn State's football facilities and other places on campus after May 1998". After his retirement in 1999, the report notes that Sandusky continued to have "unrestricted and unsupervised access to the University's facilities and affiliation with the university's prominent football program. Indeed, the continued access provided Sandusky with the very currency that enabled him to attract his victims".
Beyond the question of building access, the report details that as part of Sandusky's retirement agreement he could "continue to work with young people through Penn State" for more than a decade, including Second Mile events on campus, youth football camps, etc.
At the July 12 press conference announcing the report's findings, Freeh stated in his prepared remarks: "The most powerful men at Penn State failed to take any steps for 14 years to protect the children Sandusky victimized." He said they "never demonstrated, through actions or words, any concern for the safety and well-being of Sandusky's victims" until after he was arrested in 2011.
Further allegations and investigations
In 2011, ABC News reported that officials in San Antonio were conducting a probe of allegations that Sandusky engaged in child sex abuse while in San Antonio for the 1999 Alamo Bowl. The report indicated that Sandusky could face criminal charges in Texas.
In 2012, The Patriot-News reported that Sandusky could face federal charges for allegedly molesting boys in San Antonio and in Tampa in 1999. Although these allegations were spelled out in the state indictment, federal authorities have jurisdiction over any crime that crosses a state line.
In July 2012, PennLive.com reported that three men had told police that they were abused by Sandusky in the 1970s or 1980s. They were the first alleged victims to claim that Sandusky had engaged in sex abuse before the 1990s.
In August 2012, CBS News also reported that the United States Postal Inspection Service was leading an investigation to see whether Sandusky sent child pornography through the mail across state lines. According to one source, child pornography was found on at least one of Sandusky's computers.
On August 24, 2012, as reported by the Associated Press, the individual known as "Victim 1" who testified at the trial of Sandusky brought suit against Pennsylvania State University. They reported that the suit charged the university's conduct with regard to the complaints that Sandusky had acted towards boys with sexual impropriety was "deliberate and shameful", saying that Penn State engaged in "purposeful, deliberate and shameful subordination of the safety of children to its economic self-interests, and to its interest in maintaining and perpetuating its reputation."
In September 2012, former Philadelphia child prostitute Greg Bucceroni alleged that in 1979 and 1980 Philadelphia philanthropist Ed Savitz brought him from his New Jersey residence to a State College Second Mile fund raiser for the purpose of child trafficking.
In October 2012, KDKA-TV reported that individuals had claimed that Sandusky had assaulted them during the 1960s while he was living at the Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania.
Imprisonment and post-trial motions
On October 18, 2012, Sandusky's lawyers moved for a new trial in Centre County Court in Pennsylvania. They argued that they did not have enough time to prepare for their client's case.
On October 23, 2012, Sandusky was transferred to Camp Hill state prison in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, for pre-imprisonment evaluation. He was then moved to Greene state prison in Franklin Township, where most of the state's life and capital inmates are housed, on October 31, 2012, to serve his sentence. He was housed in protective custody.
On January 30, 2013, Pennsylvania Judge John Cleland denied Sandusky's motion for a new trial.
Sandusky was transferred to SCI Somerset, a medium-security prison outside Somerset, Pennsylvania, in March 2017. As of May 2017, he was serving his sentence at SCI Laurel Highlands, a minimum security facility near Pittsburgh that primarily serves ill or elderly inmates.
In March 2023, PennLive.com reported that Sandusky's attorneys had again moved for a new trial. They argued that "newly-discovered evidence of State College attorney Andrew Shubin’s work with two separate civil clients gives new weight to defense claims that lawyers, counselors and police were actively coaching people into making allegations" against Sandusky. The motion was denied.
Publications and interviews
Main article: Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story
Sandusky co-wrote an autobiography titled Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story (ISBN 9781582612706), which was published in 2001. His co-writer was Keith "Kip" Richeal. The book also includes a quote in a foreword from football coach Dick Vermeil about Sandusky: "He could very well be the Will Rogers of the coaching profession."
Other books by Sandusky include:
Developing linebackers the Penn State way, Leisure Press, 1981; ISBN 978-0-918438-64-5
Coaching linebackers, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1995; ISBN 978-1-57167-059-5
101 linebacker drills, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1997; ISBN 978-1-57167-087-8
Sandusky granted his first interview for television since his conviction on NBC's Today show on March 25, 2013.
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^ Winter, Tom; Rappleye, Hannah; Connor, Tracy (February 13, 2017). "Jerry Sandusky's Son Jeff Charged with Child Sex Offenses". NBC News. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
^ "Son of Jerry Sandusky Pleads Guilty to Sex Abuse Charges". The New York Times. Associated Press. September 15, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
^ Bromberg, Nick (December 8, 2017). "Jerry Sandusky's adopted son sentenced to up to 6 years on sex abuse charges". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
^ "Sandusky's son sentenced to prison for sexual abuse of girls". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
^ Bennett, Jessica; Bernstein, Jacob (November 14, 2011). "Faithful Struggle With Scandal at Penn State, Where Football Is Religion". The Daily Beast. New York City: IAC. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^ a b c Ganim, Sara, "Jerry Sandusky, former Penn State football staffer, subject of grand jury investigation", The Patriot-News, March 31, 2011, 8:00/8:20 am. Via Shinal, John "Joe Paterno botched the biggest play of his life", MarketWatch, November 12, 2011; JShinal comment, comment p. 5 reply to Insightfool c. 2 pm 11/13. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
^ a b Ken Belson (July 12, 2012). "Abuse Scandal Inquiry Damns Paterno and Penn State". The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
^ "Jerry Sandusky's last game on Penn State sideline was one for the ages". pennlive. March 31, 2011.
^ Lentz, Charlie (March 27, 2007). "Sandusky Second to None". pennstate.scout.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
^ "Sandusky Had Access to Vulnerable Kids Via Charity (Associated Press, November 12, 2011)". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ Thomas Fitzgerald; Inquirer Politics Writer (November 9, 2011). "Santorum honored accused PSU Coach as "angel" (Philadelphia Inquirer, November 9, 2011)". Philly.com. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ "A Statement from the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute (11/10/2011)" (Press release). Angels in Adoption. November 15, 2011. Archived from the original on November 9, 2011.
^ "Santorum dodges question on Paterno". The Hill. November 8, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
^ Shorr-Parks, Eliot. "Andy Reid, Dick Vermeil on Honorary Board for Sandusky Organization". Archived from the original on April 25, 2012., Yard Barker blog; "with FoxSports.com on MSN" upper right in page logo; 11/10/2011. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
^ a b Becker, Jo (November 16, 2011). "Inquiry Grew Into Concerns of a Cover-Up". The New York Times.
^ "Jerry Sandusky alleged Victim 1 graduates after being bullied out of school, is ready to testify" Sunday, June 10, 2012, 11:25 AM By SARA GANIM, The Patriot-News
^ Elam, Jerome (July 21, 2012). "Awareness is our best defense against pedophiles like Jerry Sandusky". The Washington Times.
^ "The Penn State indictment: What the grand jury alleges in sex-abuse case involving Jerry Sandusky".
^ Ganim, Sara (November 4, 2011). "Jerry Sandusky, a Penn State University football legend and founder of The Second Mile, faces charges of sex crimes". The Patriot-News. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ Juliano, Joe (November 6, 2011). "Two Penn State officials charged in connection with sex-abuse investigation". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
^ "Penn State Grand Jury pdf" (PDF).
^ Central PA (November 6, 2011). "Report: Former coach Jerry Sandusky used charity to molest kids". Harrisburg Patriot-News. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ a b Muskal, Michael (June 12, 2012). "Jerry Sandusky trial: Mike McQueary describes witnessing sex act". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ "Transcript of Freeh's Comments". Penn State Scout. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2012.
^ "Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Timothy Mark Curley and Gary Charles Shultz: Transcript of Proceedings, Preliminary Hearing Before Magisterial District Judge William C. Wenner". The Patriot-News. December 16, 2011. p. 26.
^ Transcript of Proceedings, Preliminary Hearing, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Timothy Mark Curley and Gary Charles Shultz, pp. 13, 14
^ Becker, Jo (November 16, 2011). "Inquiry Grew Into Concerns of a Cover-Up". The New York Times.
^ Transcript of Proceedings, Preliminary Hearing, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Timothy Mark Curley and Gary Charles Shultz, pp. 35, 36
^ Wetzel, Dan. State's insufficient action amid child sex allegations stunning Yahoo Sports, November 5, 2011
^ "Penn State ex-coach charged with abuse, AD with perjury". USA Today. Associated Press. November 5, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ "Penn State AD charged with perjury, failure to report in Sandusky sex case". NBC Sports. November 5, 2011. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ Scolforo, Mark — Associated Press. "Penn St Ex-Coach, Others Charged in Child Sex Case (ABC News)". ABC News. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ Penn State to pay AD's legal costs. ESPN, November 6, 2011.
^ Scheyder, Ernest (November 16, 2011). "Penn State powerless to keep Sandusky off campus". Reuters. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ On November 10, 2011, the Sandusky home, which is located next to an elementary school and playground, was vandalized. see Sandusky's House, Next to Playground, Vandalized (NBC, November 11, 2011)
^ Schmitz, John; Musselman, Ron (December 8, 2011). "More counts filed against Sandusky". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ a b Gessler, Kurt, ed. (December 8, 2011). "Second Sandusky Grand Jury Presentment". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
^ "Sandusky presentment" (PDF). documentcloud.org. July 12, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
^ Viera, Mark (December 7, 2011). "Sandusky Arrested on New Sexual Abuse Charges". The New York Times.
^ "Jerry Sandusky regrets showers with boys at Penn State". BBC News Online. November 14, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2001.
^ "Video report by Slate magazine about Costas' interview". Slate — YouTube. November 15, 2011. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
^ "Morning Joe: Costas on Sandusky". November 15, 2011. Archived from the original on November 16, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
^ "Jerry Sandusky phone interview". The Daily Show. November 15, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
^ "Video of Bob Costas interview with Jerry Sandusky". Rock Center with Brian Williams. NBC News. November 15, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
^ a b "The Full Transcript: Bob Costas interview with Joe Amendola and Jerry Sandusky". Centre Daily Times. November 14, 2011. Archived from the original on November 19, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
^ Sara Ganim (November 17, 2011). "Exclusive: Jerry Sandusky interview prompts long-ago victims to contact lawyer". The Patriot-News. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
^ Tanglao, Leezel; Katrandjian, Olivia (December 4, 2011). "Jerry Sandusky's Interview: 'Punch in the Stomach' to Victims". ABC News. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
^ Becker, Jo (December 3, 2011). "Center of Penn State Scandal, Sandusky Tells His Own Story". The New York Times.
^ "Sandusky in His Own Words". The New York Times. December 3, 2011.
^ a b Belson, Ken (June 11, 2012). "Sandusky's Trial Begins With Graphic Testimony". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ a b c Curry, Colleen; Avila, Jim (June 11, 2012). "Jerry Sandusky Offered Victim 4 a Contract to Keep Seeing Him". ABC News. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ a b c Drape, Joe; Taylor, Nate (June 23, 2012). "Juror Says Panel Had Little Doubt on Sandusky's Guilt". The New York Times. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
^ a b c Roebuck, Jeremy; Snyder, Susan; Gammage, Jeff (June 23, 2012). "Jerry Sandusky found guilty on 45 counts, led from court in handcuffs". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
^ "Factbox: Victims 1 to 10 in the Sandusky sex abuse trial". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
^ Horne, Kevin (June 12, 2012). "Victim #1 Testifies on Day Two of Trial ". Onward State. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ "Alleged Sandusky victim details abuse". CNN. June 12, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ Horne, Kevin (June 12, 2012). "Mike McQueary Testifies on Day Two". Onward State. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ a b "Jury convicts Jerry Sandusky". ESPN. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
^ Candiotti, Susan; Levitt, Ross (June 11, 2012). "Alleged victim details systemic abuse by Sandusky at Penn State, elsewhere". CNN. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
^ "Jerry Sandusky Trial: Defense doctor says Sandusky has 'histrionic personality disorder'". CBS News. June 30, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
^ a b Isikoff, Michael (June 18, 2012). "Prosecutors May Present Unaired Portions of NBC News' Sandusky Interview". MSNBC. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
^ "Jerry Sandusky trial: Prosecution may use full Bob Costas interview with Sandusky, report says". The Patriot-News. June 19, 2012.
^ "Attorneys: Sandusky's adopted son says he's also a victim". CNN. June 21, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
^ Roebuck, Jeremy; Gammage, Jeff (June 23, 2012). "Prosecutors say they never threatened to have Matt Sandusky testify". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
^ "Jerry Sandusky verdict: Who were the jurors?". The Patriot-News. June 23, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
^ a b Scolforo, Mark (October 9, 2012). "Jerry Sandusky sentenced to at least 30 years". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
^ Voorhees, Josh; Ohlheiser, Abby (June 22, 2012). "Jerry Sandusky Verdict: Former Penn State coach found guilty of child sex crimes". Slate. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
^ Wanderling, Quinn (June 22, 2012). "Sandusky found guilty on 45 of 48 child sexual abuse charges". NBC News. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
^ a b "Jerry Sandusky hearing set for Oct. 9". ESPN. September 17, 2012.
^ ": Jerry Sandusky Releases Statement from Holding Cell". Onward State. November 5, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ Miller, Matt (October 9, 2012). "Jerry Sandusky is 'dangerous' child molester, deserves life sentence, judge says". The Patriot-News. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
^ "Lawyers want Jerry Sandusky hearing". ESPN. September 12, 2012.
^ "Report: Jerry Sandusky fits 'predator'". ESPN. August 30, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ "Jerry Sandusky sentencing hearing opens with Sandusky being labeled a sexually violent predator". The Patriot-News. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
^ Scolforo, Mark; Dale, Maryclaire (July 14, 2012). "Legal Expert Links PSU, Catholic Church Scandals". ABC News. Associated Press.
^ Thompson, Charles (May 5, 2016). "Child told Paterno of sex abuse in 1976, court papers allege". PennLive.com. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
^ Dowd, Maureen (November 9, 2011). "Personal Foul at Penn State". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
^ Danahy, Anne (June 3, 2012). "In wake of Sandusky scandal, Penn State implementing stricter summer camp policies". Centre Daily Times. Archived from the original on June 5, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
^ "Report of the Special Investigative Counsel Regarding the Actions of The Pennsylvania State University Related to the Child Sexual Abuse Committed by Gerald A. Sandusky — p. 16". Freeh, Sporkin & Sullivan, LLP. July 12, 2012.
^ "Report of the Special Investigative Counsel Regarding the Actions of The Pennsylvania State University Related to the Child Sexual Abuse Committed by Gerald A. Sandusky — pp. 16–17". Freeh, Sporkin & Sullivan, LLP. July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
^ "Freeh Report — pp. 48–50". Freeh, Sporkin & Sullivan, LLP. July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
^ a b Von Natta, Don Jr. (July 12, 2012). "Freeh report details devastating". ESPN.
^ "Report of the Special Investigative Counsel Regarding the Actions of The Pennsylvania State University Related to the Child Sexual Abuse Committed by Gerald A. Sandusky". Freeh, Sporkin & Sullivan, LLP. July 12, 2012. p. 47. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
^ a b Comments by Freeh at press conference after delivering prepared remarks — July 12, 2012
^ "Freeh Report: Joe Paterno Knew In 1998". Deadspin. July 12, 2012.
^ Belson, Ken (July 14, 2012). "Abuse Scandal Inquiry Damns Paterno and Penn State". The New York Times.
^ The report states on page 24: that after the meeting with Curley, the "Second Mile leadership" concluded that the matter was " a non-incident" that did not require "further action".
^ "Remarks by Louis Freeh in Conjunction with Announcement of Publication of Report Regarding the Pennsylvania State University". July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
^ Oliver, Wes (July 12, 2012). "Analysis: Paterno could have been indicted had he lived". MSNBC. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
^ a b "Key passages from Penn State internal review report". CNN. July 12, 2012.
^ Various media sources give different numbers: The New York Times : Sandusky "was convicted of sexually attacking 10 young boys, nine of them after the 1998 investigation"; The Patriot-News : "In fact, seven of the 10 boys Sandusky molested were abused after 1999"; ESPN : "The report makes clear that the consequences of the inaction in 1998 and again in 2001 allowed Sandusky to sexually assault four more boys in the subsequent years"; and another ESPN writer : "Paterno's cowardice and ego and fears allowed Sandusky to molest at least eight more boys in the years after that 1998 incident".
^ "Report of the Special Investigative Counsel Regarding the Actions of The Pennsylvania State University Related to the Child Sexual Abuse Committed by Gerald A. Sandusky". Freeh, Sporkin & Sullivan, LLP. July 12, 2012. p. 54. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
^ "Freeh Report: Allowing Sandusky to retire in 1999 let him groom future victims". Sports Illustrated. July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
^ Gilliland, Donald (July 12, 2012). "Freeh report: Penn State, Paterno failures allowed predator to use showers at university". The Patriot-News.
^ "Penn State's Part". The New York Times. July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
^ Curry, Colleen (November 11, 2011). "Penn State Sex Abuse Scandal Spreads to Texas for Alleged Alamo Bowl Tryst". ABC News.
^ Ganim, Susan (February 24, 2012). "Federal authorities are conducting separate investigation involving Jerry Sandusky, Penn State, The Second Mile". The Patriot-News. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
^ Ganim, Sara (July 16, 2012). "Jerry Sandusky case: Three men say they were abused in '70s or '80s". pennlive.com. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
^ "Jerry Sandusky attorney Amendola calls report of postal service porn allegations 'unfathomable'". Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
^ "Feds probe possible Sandusky child porn ring". CBS News. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
^ "APNewsBreak: Sandusky victim sues Penn State". Archived from the original on February 26, 2013.
^ Red, Christian (September 21, 2012). "Self-described 'child prostitute' connects Jerry Sandusky to Poly Prep sex abuse scandal and coach Phil Foglietta". The New York Daily News. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ "Documents Raise Questions About Number Of Alleged Sandusky Victims". KDKA-TV. October 30, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
^ "Sandusky asks judge to overturn convictions". ESPN.com. October 18, 2012.
^ "Sandusky moved to prison". The Blade. October 23, 2012.
^ "Jerry Sandusky sent to prison". Espn.go.com. November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ Scolforo, Mark (January 30, 2013). "Pa. judge: No new trial for Jerry Sandusky". Yahoo! Sports. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
^ "Sandusky transferred from supermax prison to Somerset". USA Today. Associated Press. March 6, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
^ Thompson, Charles (March 16, 2023). "Pa. prosecutors call Jerry Sandusky's latest appeal "variations on a theme"". pennlive.
^ "Jerry Sandusky denied appeal for new trial - CBS Philadelphia". www.cbsnews.com. July 2, 2023.
^ "Accused ex-coach wrote a book titled 'Touched' (Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 7, 2011)". Philly.com. November 7, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ Merrill, Elizabeth,"No one, it seems, knows Jerry Sandusky", ESPN, November 11, 2011 4:17 pm ET. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
^ "Jerry Sandusky's book titled 'Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story' (Los Angeles Times, November 7, 2011)". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. November 7, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
^ "Jerry Sandusky Grants First Interview Since Sex Abuse Conviction". CBS News New York. March 22, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
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United States | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gerry Sandusky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Sandusky"},{"link_name":"child molester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse"},{"link_name":"college football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football"},{"link_name":"coach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_(sport)"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_football"},{"link_name":"Joe Paterno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Paterno"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"The Second Mile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Mile"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"arrested and charged","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_State_child_sex_abuse_scandal"},{"link_name":"sexual abuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT_2011/11/06-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT-guilty-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-YahooSports-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PennLiveSent-8"}],"text":"American college football coach and convicted child sex offender (born 1944)Not to be confused with Baltimore sportscaster Gerry Sandusky.Gerald Arthur Sandusky (born January 26, 1944) is an American convicted serial child molester and retired college football coach.Sandusky served as an assistant coach for his entire career, mostly at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno. Sandusky was an assistant coach at Penn State from 1969 to 1999, serving as defensive coordinator for the final 22 years of his career. He received \"Assistant Coach of the Year\" awards in 1986 and 1999.[3] Sandusky authored several books related to his football coaching experiences.In 1977, Sandusky founded The Second Mile, a non-profit charity serving Pennsylvania's underprivileged and at-risk youth.[4] Following his 1999 retirement from Penn State, he continued working with the Second Mile at Penn State and maintained an office at the university until 2011.In 2011, following a two-year grand jury investigation, Sandusky was arrested and charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period from 1994 to 2009.[5] Sandusky met his molestation victims through the Second Mile, the organization he founded in 1977. Several of his victims later testified against Sandusky in his sexual abuse trial. Four of the charges were subsequently dropped.On June 22, 2012, Sandusky was found guilty on 45 of the 48 remaining charges.[6][7] Sandusky was sentenced on October 9, 2012, to 30 to 60 years in prison.[8] He has been incarcerated in the Pennsylvania prison system since October 31, 2012.","title":"Jerry Sandusky"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Washington, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Irish Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Catholic"},{"link_name":"coal mining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-school-9"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Vandergrift,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Brownson House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownson_House"},{"link_name":"Washington, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arthur-10"},{"link_name":"Brownson House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownson_House"},{"link_name":"Pony League World Series championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PONY_Baseball_and_Softball"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Sports_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arthur-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-school-9"},{"link_name":"Forrest Gump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Gump"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Washington High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_High_School_(Washington,_Pennsylvania)"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wonder-12"},{"link_name":"Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Interscholastic_Athletic_League"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wonder-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wonder-12"},{"link_name":"Penn State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University"},{"link_name":"college football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football"},{"link_name":"Rip Engle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Engle"},{"link_name":"Nittany Lions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_football"},{"link_name":"defensive end","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_end"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt-13"},{"link_name":"B.S.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science"},{"link_name":"physical education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_education"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wonder-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt-13"}],"text":"Sandusky was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, on January 26, 1944, the only son of Evelyn Mae (née Lee), an Irish Catholic homemaker who came from a small Pennsylvania coal mining town,[9] and Arthur Sandusky, whose parents, Edward and Josephine Sendecki, were immigrants from Poland who moved to East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania.Sandusky's father Arthur worked with youth service programs for over 30 years, mostly as director of the Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania, a community recreation center for children.[10] His father founded the Pennsylvania Junior Wrestling program, and created junior basketball, volleyball, boxing, and football programs for Brownson House. He improved its facilities, adding a new playground, gym, outdoor basketball court, and a renovated football field. He managed the 1955 Washington, Pennsylvania baseball team that won the Pony League World Series championship, the only team from Washington to win that championship. Arthur was inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1989.[10]At home, Jerry Sandusky adopted his own personal code called \"Jer's Law\", which he observed for many years. The rules adopted were that Sandusky could be mischievous but not to the point where someone could be intentionally hurt. He also vowed to not be disrespectful to his teachers, and he swore to himself that he would tell the truth if he was caught breaking any rules.[9] Sandusky is a fan of the 1994 film Forrest Gump, confiding to one of his victims that he identifies with the title character. Sandusky signed off at least one of his letters to his victim as \"Forrest Jer.\"[11]Sandusky attended Washington High School, where he was a good student and standout athlete, playing baseball, basketball, and football.[12] He was a leader on his junior high basketball team that went undefeated through the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League playoffs in his final season there.[12] Sandusky's classmates during this period describe him as a studious \"loner\" who \"never dated in high school\" but was a popular and handsome athlete.[12]Sandusky attended Penn State, where played college football under Rip Engle for the Nittany Lions, starting at defensive end from 1963 to 1965.[13] In 1966, Sandusky graduated first in his class with a B.S. in health in 1966 and obtained a second degree in physical education in 1970.[12][13]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt-13"},{"link_name":"Jon Sandusky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Sandusky"},{"link_name":"Cleveland Browns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Browns"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-brownshire-16"},{"link_name":"E. J. Sandusky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._J._Sandusky"},{"link_name":"West Chester University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Chester_University"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"child pornography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_pornography"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"State College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"text":"In 1966, Sandusky married Dorothy \"Dottie\" (née Gross), and together they adopted six children.[14] Sandusky and his wife have also served as foster parents.[13] One of Sandusky's sons, Jon Sandusky, was director of player personnel for the Cleveland Browns from 2010 to 2014.[15][16] Another son, E. J. Sandusky, was an assistant football coach at West Chester University.[17] Sandusky described his family as \"old fashioned\", and his wife Dottie as the family's leader.[18]Matt Sandusky, one of Sandusky's children and a former foster child of Sandusky's, released a statement through his attorneys saying that Sandusky had sexually molested him as a child.[19][20] Matt Sandusky's statement was released on the day the jury began deliberations in the sex abuse trial against Sandusky.[21]On February 13, 2017, another of Sandusky's adopted children, his son Jeffrey (Jeff), was arrested and charged with sexual assault of a child and possession of child pornography, and entered a plea deal while awaiting trial in September 2017, with sentencing scheduled for December 2017.[22][23] On December 8, 2017, he was given a sentence of three-and-a-half to six years in prison after \"pleading guilty to pressuring a teenage girl to send him naked photos and asking her teen sister to perform a sex act.\"[24][25]Jerry Sandusky was a member of St. Paul's United Methodist Church in State College.[26]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"graduate assistant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_assistant"},{"link_name":"Juniata College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniata_College"},{"link_name":"Boston University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_University"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wonder-12"}],"sub_title":"Early coaching career","text":"Sandusky served as a graduate assistant under Paterno at Penn State in 1966. He was the assistant basketball and track coach at Juniata College in 1967 and the offensive line coach at Boston University in 1968.[12]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"linebacker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linebacker"},{"link_name":"defensive coordinator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_coordinator"},{"link_name":"Jack Ham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ham"},{"link_name":"LaVar Arrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVar_Arrington"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PN01-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt2-28"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt2-28"},{"link_name":"Texas A&M","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Texas_A%26M_Aggies_football_team"},{"link_name":"1999 Alamo Bowl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Alamo_Bowl"},{"link_name":"San Antonio, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"sub_title":"Coaching career at Penn State","text":"He returned to Penn State in 1969 and remained there as an assistant coach until his retirement at the end of the 1999 season. Sandusky served as defensive line coach in 1969, became linebacker coach in 1970, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1977, holding that position until his retirement. In his years as a linebacker coach and defensive coordinator, he coached many defensive squads, and Penn State gained a reputation for outstanding linebacker play, producing 10 first-team All-Americans at that position, and acquiring the nickname \"Linebacker U\". Jack Ham and LaVar Arrington were two of the noted pro football greats to emerge from his teams.[27]Upon his retirement, Sandusky was awarded \"both an unusual compensation package and a special designation of 'emeritus' rank that carried special privileges, including access to the university's recreational facilities.\"[28] Spanier approved a lump-sum payment to Sandusky of $168,000.[28]\nHis final game coaching at Penn State was a notable game for Sandusky. Penn State faced Texas A&M in the 1999 Alamo Bowl in San Antonio, Texas. The Nittany Lions' defense shut out Texas A&M, 24–0, the only bowl game shutout victory for Penn State under Paterno.[29]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"the Second Mile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Mile"},{"link_name":"State College, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"George H. W. Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"Thousand points of light","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_points_of_light"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PN01-27"},{"link_name":"Rick Santorum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Santorum"},{"link_name":"Angels in Adoption","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels_in_Adoption"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Coalition_on_Adoption_Institute"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"running for the Republican nomination for President","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Santorum_presidential_campaign,_2012"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"Eagles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles"},{"link_name":"Dick Vermeil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Vermeil"},{"link_name":"Andy Reid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Reid"},{"link_name":"Phillies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies"},{"link_name":"Ruly Carpenter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruly_Carpenter"},{"link_name":"Matt Millen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Millen"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN"},{"link_name":"Mark Wahlberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Wahlberg"},{"link_name":"Arnold Palmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Palmer"},{"link_name":"Franco Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Harris"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"Office of the Attorney General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Attorney_General"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-becker-36"}],"text":"After retirement, Sandusky hosted many summer football camps and was active in the Second Mile, a children's charity he founded in State College, Pennsylvania, in 1977.[30]President George H. W. Bush praised the group as a \"shining example\" of charity work in a 1990 letter,[31] one of that president's much-promoted \"Thousand points of light\" encouragements to volunteer community organizations.[27]Citing Sandusky's work with the Second Mile charity to provide care for foster children, then U.S. Senator Rick Santorum honored Sandusky with an Angels in Adoption award in 2002.[32] On November 15, 2011, the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute, a non-profit adoption awareness organization, rescinded its 2002 Angels in Adoption award to Jerry and Dorothy Sandusky.[33] Santorum, then running for the Republican nomination for President, said he was \"devastated\" by the scandal.[34]Former Eagles head coaches Dick Vermeil and Andy Reid, former Phillies owner Ruly Carpenter, Matt Millen from ESPN, actor Mark Wahlberg, Arnold Palmer, and football player Franco Harris, among others, served on the Honorary Board of Second Mile.[35]During the time period that Sandusky was being investigated by the Office of the Attorney General, investigators served subpoenas on the Second Mile to get records of boys who had been through the program as well as Sandusky's travel and expense records. As it turned out, the records from 2000 to 2003 were missing. Recordkeepers later found files for one year, but the records for the other three years were never found.[36]","title":"The Second Mile"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Central Mountain High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Mountain_High_School"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"child grooming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_grooming"},{"link_name":"manipulation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_manipulation"},{"link_name":"modus operandi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modus_operandi"},{"link_name":"pedophiles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedophiles"},{"link_name":"personal boundaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_boundaries"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-becker-36"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"grand jury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_jury"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PN01-27"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT_2011/11/06-5"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"Mike McQueary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_McQueary"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"anally raping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_rape"},{"link_name":"Joe Paterno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Paterno"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Muskal-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"Tim Curley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Curley"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Becker-48"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"indecent assault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indecent_assault"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-chicagotribune-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-chicagotribune-58"},{"link_name":"bail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bail"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"}],"sub_title":"Investigation and charges","text":"An investigation was initiated by the Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office into sexual abuse allegations against Sandusky in 2008. The charges were initiated at Central Mountain High School, where a student made allegations of abuse against Sandusky.[37] The investigation reached a new level of urgency when it became apparent that the allegations were not an isolated set of incidents, but that Sandusky had a strategy to abuse vulnerable boys. Through his Second Mile organization, Sandusky would first approach potential victims, typically boys without a father living at home, when they were 8–12 years old; subsequently, Sandusky employed classic child grooming strategies such as offering trips to football games or bestowing gifts, which would lead to incremental touching. This form of manipulation is generally the modus operandi of pedophiles as a ploy to build trust while invading personal boundaries—all part of instilling confusion, leading up to the sexual abuse. Eventually, Sandusky often initiated overtly sexual behavior in the locker room showers. \"The testimony of one victim, who said he was forced to play with Sandusky's testicles and erect penis when he was 8 to 10 years old, particularly outraged investigators. 'The poor kid was too young to even understand what an erect penis means,' one said.\"[36][38]On November 4, 2011, a grand jury[39] that had been convened in September 2009, or earlier,[27] indicted Sandusky on 40 counts of sex crimes against young boys. The indictment came after a three-year investigation that explored allegations of Sandusky having inappropriate contact with an underage boy over the course of four years, beginning when the boy was ten years old. The boy's parents reported the incident to police in 2009.[40] The grand jury identified eight boys who had been singled out for sexual advances or sexual assaults by Sandusky, taking place from 1994 through 2009.[5] At least 20 of the incidents allegedly took place while Sandusky was still employed at Penn State.[41]According to the first indictment,[42] in 2002 assistant coach Mike McQueary, then a Penn State graduate assistant,[43] said he walked in on Sandusky anally raping a 10-year-old boy. The next day, McQueary reported the incident to head coach Joe Paterno. (Later while testifying during the Sandusky trial, McQueary spoke about what he had relayed to Paterno: \"I told him and I want to make sure I'm clear. I made sure he knew it was sexual and wrong. There was no doubt.\")[44] Paterno told McQueary at the time, \"You did what you had to do. It is my job now to figure out what we want to do.\"[45] At the preliminary hearing for Tim Curley and Gary Schultz, McQueary testified that Paterno was \"shocked and saddened, kind of slumped back on his chair.\" He said that Paterno told him: \"'I'm sorry you had to see that. It's terrible.' And he said, 'I need to think and tell some people about what you saw and I'll let you know what ... what we'll do next.'\"[46] Paterno then informed Penn State athletic director Tim Curley. At the preliminary hearing, McQueary also testified that he \"believed\" Sandusky was having \"some type of intercourse\" with the boy. He said that this was based on \"the positioning\" of Sandusky and the boy, but that he never saw \"insertion\" or \"penetration\" and is not \"100 percent sure\" that intercourse was occurring.[47]Curley and senior vice president for finance and business Gary Schultz (who oversaw the Penn State police department) called McQueary to a meeting a week-and-a-half later.[48] In McQueary's testimony he stated that during the meeting he relayed in \"graphic detail\" what he had witnessed in the locker room showers at the Lasch Building. At the preliminary hearing of Curley and Schultz, McQueary testified that he would have given Curley and Schultz a \"rough idea\" of the body positions of the individuals in the shower, and would have described the activity as \"extremely sexual and I thought some kind of intercourse was going on.\"[49]The indictment accused Curley and Schultz not only of failing to tell the police, but also of falsely telling the grand jury that McQueary never informed them of the alleged sexual activity.[50]On November 5, 2011, Sandusky was arrested and charged with seven counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, eight counts of corruption of minors, eight counts of endangering the welfare of a child, seven counts of indecent assault, and other offenses.[51]The prosecution charged Curley and Schultz with perjury and failure to report suspected child abuse by Sandusky.[52][53]On November 6, 2011, Penn State banned Sandusky from campus.[54] His bail conditions did not include restrictions on his travel.[55][56]In December 2011, Sandusky was charged with an additional 12 counts of sexual crimes against children.[57][58] The grand jury's second presentment charged Sandusky with an additional count of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse and two additional counts of unlawful contact with a minor.[59] The additional victims, known only as \"Victim 9\" and \"Victim 10,\" were participants in Sandusky's youth program and were between the ages of 10 and 12 at the time of the sexual assaults.[58]On December 7, 2011, Sandusky was arrested for a second time based on the additional sexual abuse charges. Sandusky was released on $250,000 bail and placed on monitored house arrest while he awaited trial.[60]","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rock Center with Brian Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Center_with_Brian_Williams"},{"link_name":"Bob Costas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Costas"},{"link_name":"pedophile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedophile"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-admission-61"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Costasfull-66"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"Jo Becker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Becker"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"}],"sub_title":"Pre-trial interviews","text":"On November 14, in a televised phone interview on NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams, Sandusky admitted to correspondent Bob Costas to having showered with underage boys and touching their bodies, as he described it \"without intent of sexual contact.\" Sandusky denied being a pedophile.[61] The interview received substantial coverage in the media, particularly regarding the manner in which Sandusky answered Costas when asked if he is sexually attracted to young boys:[62][63][64]COSTAS: \"Are you sexually attracted to young boys, to underage boys?\"\nSANDUSKY: \"Am I sexually attracted to underage boys?\"\nCOSTAS: \"Yes.\"\n\nSANDUSKY: \"Sexually attracted, you know, I enjoy young people. I love to be around them... But no, I'm not sexually attracted to young boys.\"[65][66]In the days following the interview, several potential victims contacted State College lawyer Andy Shubin to tell their stories, with one claiming Sandusky had abused him in the 1970s.[67]In a taped interview with Jo Becker of The New York Times on December 3, 2011, Sandusky and his lawyer, Joe Amendola, attempted to clarify the remarks he made in the November 14 interview:[68]SANDUSKY: \"I was sitting there like, 'what in the world is this question?' am I going to be, if I say, 'no I'm not attracted to boys,' that's not the truth because I'm attracted to young people -- boys, girls.\"\nAMENDOLA (off-camera): \"Yeah but not sexually, you're attracted to them as in you like spending time with them.\"\n\nSANDUSKY: \"Right, I enjoy, that's what I'm trying to clarify, I enjoy spending time with young people. I enjoy spending time with people. I mean, my two favorite groups are the elderly and the young. The young because they don't think about what they say and the old because they don't care, you know?\"During the same interview, Sandusky responded to the initial 40 charges of sexual crimes against children:[69][70]BECKER: \"You must have some theory, without getting into individual cases or naming names.\"\n\nSANDUSKY: \"You would have to, to have my understanding of that. What I think? I mean, what I think are that these are individual matters. These kids, some of them, I know them. Some of them. I don't know all of them. [lawyer Amendola interjects 'we're assuming']. We're assuming we know them. Two of the kids. My gut feeling would be that they got pulled into this.\"","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Centre County Courthouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_County_Courthouse"},{"link_name":"Bellefonte, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellefonte,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Trial-71"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-contract-72"},{"link_name":"prosecution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor"},{"link_name":"Commonwealth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"attorney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawyer"},{"link_name":"Judge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge"},{"link_name":"jurors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_trial"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT_2012/06/24-73"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT_2012/06/24-73"},{"link_name":"The Second Mile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Mile"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-philly-74"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-philly-74"},{"link_name":"oral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_sex"},{"link_name":"anal sex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sex"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Trial-71"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-contract-72"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-contract-72"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Victim1-76"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Muskal-44"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESPN-79"},{"link_name":"histrionic personality disorder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histrionic_personality_disorder"},{"link_name":"grooming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_grooming"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"},{"link_name":"NBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC"},{"link_name":"re-authenticate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication"},{"link_name":"transcript","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcript_(law)"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Isikoff-82"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Costasfull-66"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-83"},{"link_name":"cross-examine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-examination"},{"link_name":"stand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_box"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Isikoff-82"},{"link_name":"adopted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-84"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-YahooSports-7"},{"link_name":"State attorney general","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_attorney_general"},{"link_name":"rebuttal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebuttal"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-85"}],"sub_title":"Trial","text":"The trial, for 52 charges of sexual crimes against children, started on June 11, 2012, at the Centre County Courthouse in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania.[71][72] State Deputy Attorney General and former homicide prosecutor Joseph E. McGettigan III, led the prosecution team for the Commonwealth; defense attorney Joseph Amendola was Sandusky's lead attorney for the defense team; and Senior Judge John Cleland presided.Over the course of the trial that lasted eight days, jurors heard from eight witnesses who testified that Sandusky sexually abused them.[73] Jurors also heard testimony about assaults committed against two other victims who were never identified.[73] Of the eight males who gave testimony, each explained that they met Sandusky through The Second Mile organization; their individual accounts spanned from the mid-1990s until 2009.[74][75] The witnesses testified to similar stories of being abused in the football locker room showers or in the basement of Sandusky's home.[74]The first prosecution witness, identified in media reports as \"Victim 4,\" described detailed accounts of many instances of sexual abuse, including forced oral and anal sex, by Sandusky while the witness was a participant in Sandusky's Second Mile charitable organization.[71] According to \"Victim 4,\" he was sexually abused by Sandusky as many as three times a week for three years, beginning when he was 13 years old.[72] The witness further testified that when he attempted to distance himself from Sandusky, Sandusky offered the boy a contract for money to continue spending time with him.[72]On the second day of trial, \"Victim 1\", the youngest of Sandusky's alleged victims, testified to over 20 incidents of abuse, including forced oral sex, by Sandusky during 2007 and 2008 while the boy was a participant in Sandusky's Second Mile program. The boy was 11 or 12 years old when the sexual abuse started.[76][77] Mike McQueary, former Penn State graduate assistant football coach, testified that in 2001 in a Penn State locker room, he heard \"skin on skin\" slapping sounds coming from the showers. McQueary testified that he then saw Sandusky naked behind a 10- to 12-year-old boy propped against a shower wall, with \"Sandusky's arms wrapped around the boy's midsection in the closest proximity that I think you could be in.\"[44][78]Sandusky's defense attorneys argued that the accusers were driven by financial motives.[79] The defense also pointed out some of the accusers had changed their stories and that some of them continued a relationship with Sandusky after the alleged abuse (one went to a football game with Sandusky shortly before his arrest, another brought his girlfriend to meet Sandusky). A psychiatrist testifying for the defense, Dr. Eliot Atkins, diagnosed Sandusky with histrionic personality disorder, a disorder characterized by attention-seeking behavior and exaggerated emotions. Atkins testified that the letters written by Sandusky to the accusers were consistent with this disorder, rather than \"grooming\" behavior as alleged by the prosecution.[80][81]On June 18, 2012, it was reported that during the full-day court recess the previous Friday, prosecutors had contacted NBC \"asking the network to re-authenticate a full unedited transcript\" of the Bob Costas interview from November.[82] An unaired portion of the Costas interview featured Sandusky saying, \"I didn't go around seeking out every young person for sexual needs that I've helped\".[66][83] Legal analysts explained that this could be used by the prosecution to cross-examine Sandusky if he were to take the stand.[82]On June 21, 2012, after the case had gone to the jury, Matt Sandusky, one of Sandusky's six adopted children, stated through his attorney that he was also a victim of the former coach's sexual abuse. He had been ready to testify for the prosecution, but did not do so.[84] Later, Amendola said that Jerry Sandusky had every intention of testifying in his own defense, but decided against it because he claimed that the prosecution would have called Matt to the stand.[7]Subsequently, sources close to the investigation conducted by the Office of the State attorney general have stated that the prosecutor never threatened to have Matt Sandusky testify at trial, and that \"prosecutor Joseph McGettigan relished the opportunity of taking-on Jerry Sandusky in cross examination and had promised Amendola early on that they would not call any additional rebuttal witnesses\".[85]","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"jury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_trial"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-86"},{"link_name":"deliberated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliberation"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-philly-74"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT-guilty-6"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-apverdict-87"},{"link_name":"sentencing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(law)"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESPN-79"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guilty-88"},{"link_name":"NBC News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News"},{"link_name":"Michael Isikoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Isikoff"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT_2012/06/24-73"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-apverdict-87"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESPNSentence-90"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-91"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"sexually violent predator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_violent_predator_laws"},{"link_name":"Megan's Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megan%27s_Law"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESPNSentence-90"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"},{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-94"},{"link_name":"[95]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PNSentence-95"}],"sub_title":"Verdict and sentencing","text":"The jury, consisting of seven women and five men, many with direct ties to Penn State,[86] deliberated for 21 hours over two days.[74] On the evening of June 22, 2012, the jury reached its verdict, finding Sandusky guilty on 45 of the 48 counts against him.[6][87] Specifically, Sandusky was convicted of the following charges and counts: eight counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, seven counts of indecent assault, one count of criminal intent to commit indecent assault, nine counts of unlawful contact with minors, 10 counts of corruption of minors and 10 counts of endangering the welfare of children. Cleland immediately revoked Sandusky's bail and remanded him to the Centre County Correctional Facility to await sentencing.[79]Sandusky faced a maximum sentence of 442 years in prison.[88] According to NBC News' Michael Isikoff, Sandusky faced a minimum sentence of 60 years under Pennsylvania sentencing guidelines — at his age, effectively a life sentence.[89] A sentencing hearing was expected 90 days from the date of conviction.[73][87] On September 17, it was announced that Sandusky would be sentenced on October 9.[90]Sandusky's statement the evening before his sentencingOn the evening before his sentencing hearing, Sandusky released an audio statement maintaining his innocence.[91] The next day, Cleland sentenced Sandusky to 60 years in prison–as mentioned above, the minimum possible sentence under Pennsylvania law. He will not be eligible for parole until he serves at least 30 years. Sandusky's earliest possible release date will be October 9, 2042, when he will be 98 years old. In pronouncing the sentence, Cleland said that Sandusky was a particularly dangerous breed of child molester because he masked his manipulation and abuse of children behind a respectable facade. \"It is the remarkable ability to conceal that makes these crimes so heinous,\" he said. While acknowledging Sandusky's \"positive work,\" Cleland called him a \"dangerous\" child molester who should never be allowed to be free again.[92] At the same hearing, Cleland granted prosecutors' request to have Sandusky declared a \"sexually violent predator\" under Pennsylvania's version of Megan's Law. This would subject him to stringent reporting requirements if he is released. Sandusky would not only have to report his address to police every three months for the rest of his life, but would also have to participate in a court-approved counseling program; however, this designation will likely be academic since as mentioned above, Sandusky will almost certainly die in prison.[90][93] Earlier, on August 30, the Pennsylvania Sexual Offenders Assessment Board had recommended that Sandusky be declared a sexually violent predator.[94][95]","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[96]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-96"},{"link_name":"[97]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-97"},{"link_name":"Maureen Dowd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen_Dowd"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"pedophile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedophile"},{"link_name":"[98]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dowd-98"},{"link_name":"[99]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-99"}],"sub_title":"Reaction","text":"Penn State became the subject of significant media criticism because several members of its staff allegedly covered up Sandusky's assaults.[96][97] Maureen Dowd wrote of the scandal: \"Like the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy, the Penn State hierarchy appears to have covered up pedophile crimes to protect its brand.\"[98]In June 2012, Penn State University implemented a policy to require mandatory reporting of child abuse by any Penn State employee working with children. The policy also requires all Penn State employees working with children to go through a background check and training related to child abuse and reporting requirements.[99]","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Federal Bureau of Investigation Director","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation"},{"link_name":"Louis Freeh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Freeh"},{"link_name":"[100]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Freehrpt16-100"},{"link_name":"[101]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Freehrpt16%E2%80%9317-101"},{"link_name":"[102]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Freehrpt48%E2%80%9350-102"},{"link_name":"Pandora's box","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora%27s_box"},{"link_name":"[103]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Natta-103"},{"link_name":"[104]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Freehrpt47-104"},{"link_name":"[105]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pressconf-105"},{"link_name":"[105]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pressconf-105"},{"link_name":"[106]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-106"},{"link_name":"The New York Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"},{"link_name":"[107]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Belson-107"},{"link_name":"[108]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-108"},{"link_name":"[109]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Freehremarks-109"},{"link_name":"[110]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Oliver-110"},{"link_name":"[111]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FreehCNN-111"},{"link_name":"[103]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Natta-103"},{"link_name":"[112]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-various-112"},{"link_name":"[113]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Freehreport54-113"},{"link_name":"[111]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FreehCNN-111"},{"link_name":"[114]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-114"},{"link_name":"[115]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gilliland-115"},{"link_name":"[116]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt-psu-child-abuse-116"}],"sub_title":"Freeh report","text":"The Penn State Board of Trustees commissioned a report by a special investigative group headed by former Federal Bureau of Investigation Director Louis Freeh. After interviewing over 400 people and reviewing over 3.5 million documents, the crux of the report's findings, which were released July 12, 2012, state:Taking into account the available witness statements and evidence, the Special Investigative Counsel finds that it is more reasonable to conclude that, in order to avoid the consequences of bad publicity, the most powerful leaders at the University — Spanier, Schultz, Paterno and Curley — repeatedly concealed critical facts relating to Sandusky's child abuse from authorities, the University's Board of Trustees, the Penn State community, and the public at large.[100]The Freeh Report states that although the \"avoidance of the consequences of bad publicity\" was the main driver in failing to protect child abuse victims and report to authorities, the report outlines other causes as well, among which were: \"A striking lack of empathy for child abuse victims by the most senior leaders of the University\"; a failure of oversight by the board of trustees; a University President \"who discouraged discussion and dissent\"; \"a lack of awareness of child abuse issues\"; and \"a culture of reverence for the football program that is ingrained at all levels of the campus community\".[101]The report outlines how all four men were aware of the 1998 abuse incident in the locker-room shower, and had followed its investigation at the time.[102] Freeh's investigation uncovered a file kept by Schultz in which he wrote notes about Sandusky's 1998 incident. For instance, Schultz wrote: \"Is this opening of Pandora's box?\" He also wondered, \"other children?\"[103] Freeh stated that Schultz had \"actively sought to conceal those records\".[104][105]The evidentiary weight of Freeh's report draws heavily upon retrieved emails from 1998 and 2001, which Freeh referred to as \"the most important evidence\" in the report.[105] The report asserts that these emails demonstrate that in 1998 Paterno knew of the investigation of Sandusky, and followed it closely;[106] and suggest that it was Paterno, \"long regarded as the single most powerful official at the university,\" who persuaded Spanier, Curley, and Schultz not to formally report Sandusky to law enforcement or child welfare authorities. According to The New York Times, the university's handling of the 2001 report of Sandusky raping a young boy is \"one of the most damning episodes laid out by Mr. Freeh's investigation ...\"[107]The report states that nobody took any \"responsible action after February 2001 other than Curley informing the Second Mile that Mr. Sandusky had showered with a boy\"[108] and then telling Sandusky not to bring his \"guests\" into the Penn State facilities; but the topic of sexual abuse was not broached with Sandusky.[109][110]The report criticizes Paterno for his failure to \"alert the entire football staff, in order to prevent Sandusky from bringing another child into the Lasch Building\".[111]According to details in the report, despite being aware of Sandusky's sexual misconduct with young boys in the locker-room showers in the Lasch Building in 1998, and 2001, Spanier, Paterno, Curley, and Schultz never restricted Sandusky's access to Penn State facilities. The report states that Sandusky had access to the Lasch Building until November 2011. Over the next ten-year period, Sandusky \"was frequently at the Lasch Building working out, showing up at campus events that Penn State supported ... He was showering with young boys, staying in dormitories ... There are more red flags than you could count, over a long period of time.\"[103] Consequently, out of the 10 young boys that Sandusky would be convicted of sexually assaulting, most of them were abused after he was investigated in 1998[112] — at least five of them were assaulted \"at Penn State's football facilities and other places on campus after May 1998\".[113] After his retirement in 1999, the report notes that Sandusky continued to have \"unrestricted and unsupervised access to the University's facilities and affiliation with the university's prominent football program. Indeed, the continued access provided Sandusky with the very currency that enabled him to attract his victims\".[111][114]Beyond the question of building access, the report details that as part of Sandusky's retirement agreement he could \"continue to work with young people through Penn State\" for more than a decade, including Second Mile events on campus, youth football camps, etc.[115]At the July 12 press conference announcing the report's findings, Freeh stated in his prepared remarks: \"The most powerful men at Penn State failed to take any steps for 14 years to protect the children Sandusky victimized.\" He said they \"never demonstrated, through actions or words, any concern for the safety and well-being of Sandusky's victims\" until after he was arrested in 2011.[116]","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[117]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-117"},{"link_name":"Tampa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[118]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-118"},{"link_name":"[119]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-119"},{"link_name":"CBS News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News"},{"link_name":"United States Postal Inspection Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service"},{"link_name":"child pornography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_pornography"},{"link_name":"[120]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-120"},{"link_name":"[121]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-121"},{"link_name":"Associated Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University"},{"link_name":"[122]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-122"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia"},{"link_name":"Ed Savitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Savitz"},{"link_name":"child trafficking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_trafficking"},{"link_name":"[123]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-123"},{"link_name":"Brownson House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownson_House"},{"link_name":"Washington, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[124]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-124"}],"sub_title":"Further allegations and investigations","text":"In 2011, ABC News reported that officials in San Antonio were conducting a probe of allegations that Sandusky engaged in child sex abuse while in San Antonio for the 1999 Alamo Bowl. The report indicated that Sandusky could face criminal charges in Texas.[117]In 2012, The Patriot-News reported that Sandusky could face federal charges for allegedly molesting boys in San Antonio and in Tampa in 1999. Although these allegations were spelled out in the state indictment, federal authorities have jurisdiction over any crime that crosses a state line.[118]In July 2012, PennLive.com reported that three men had told police that they were abused by Sandusky in the 1970s or 1980s. They were the first alleged victims to claim that Sandusky had engaged in sex abuse before the 1990s.[119]In August 2012, CBS News also reported that the United States Postal Inspection Service was leading an investigation to see whether Sandusky sent child pornography through the mail across state lines.[120] According to one source, child pornography was found on at least one of Sandusky's computers.[121]On August 24, 2012, as reported by the Associated Press, the individual known as \"Victim 1\" who testified at the trial of Sandusky brought suit against Pennsylvania State University. They reported that the suit charged the university's conduct with regard to the complaints that Sandusky had acted towards boys with sexual impropriety was \"deliberate and shameful\", saying that Penn State engaged in \"purposeful, deliberate and shameful subordination of the safety of children to its economic self-interests, and to its interest in maintaining and perpetuating its reputation.\"[122]In September 2012, former Philadelphia child prostitute Greg Bucceroni alleged that in 1979 and 1980 Philadelphia philanthropist Ed Savitz brought him from his New Jersey residence to a State College Second Mile fund raiser for the purpose of child trafficking.[123]In October 2012, KDKA-TV reported that individuals had claimed that Sandusky had assaulted them during the 1960s while he was living at the Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania.[124]","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Centre County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_County,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[125]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-125"},{"link_name":"Camp Hill state prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Camp_Hill"},{"link_name":"Cumberland County, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[126]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-126"},{"link_name":"Greene state prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Greene"},{"link_name":"Franklin Township","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Township,_Greene_County,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_imprisonment"},{"link_name":"capital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment"},{"link_name":"protective custody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_custody"},{"link_name":"[127]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-espn.go.com-127"},{"link_name":"[128]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-128"},{"link_name":"SCI Somerset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Somerset"},{"link_name":"Somerset, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[129]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-129"},{"link_name":"SCI Laurel Highlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Laurel_Highlands"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inmatelocator.cor.pa.gov-1"},{"link_name":"[130]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-130"},{"link_name":"[131]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-131"}],"sub_title":"Imprisonment and post-trial motions","text":"On October 18, 2012, Sandusky's lawyers moved for a new trial in Centre County Court in Pennsylvania. They argued that they did not have enough time to prepare for their client's case.[125]On October 23, 2012, Sandusky was transferred to Camp Hill state prison in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, for pre-imprisonment evaluation.[126] He was then moved to Greene state prison in Franklin Township, where most of the state's life and capital inmates are housed, on October 31, 2012, to serve his sentence. He was housed in protective custody.[127]On January 30, 2013, Pennsylvania Judge John Cleland denied Sandusky's motion for a new trial.[128]Sandusky was transferred to SCI Somerset, a medium-security prison outside Somerset, Pennsylvania, in March 2017.[129] As of May 2017, he was serving his sentence at SCI Laurel Highlands, a minimum security facility near Pittsburgh that primarily serves ill or elderly inmates.[1]In March 2023, PennLive.com reported that Sandusky's attorneys had again moved for a new trial. They argued that \"newly-discovered evidence of State College attorney Andrew Shubin’s work with two separate civil clients gives new weight to defense claims that lawyers, counselors and police were actively coaching people into making allegations\" against Sandusky.[130] The motion was denied.[131]","title":"Child sex abuse scandal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"autobiography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiography"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781582612706","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781582612706"},{"link_name":"[132]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-132"},{"link_name":"[133]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-133"},{"link_name":"Dick Vermeil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Vermeil"},{"link_name":"Will Rogers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Rogers"},{"link_name":"[134]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-134"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-918438-64-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-918438-64-5"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-57167-059-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57167-059-5"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-57167-087-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57167-087-8"},{"link_name":"NBC's Today","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)"},{"link_name":"[135]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-135"}],"text":"Sandusky co-wrote an autobiography titled Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story (ISBN 9781582612706), which was published in 2001.[132] His co-writer was Keith \"Kip\" Richeal. The book also includes a quote in a foreword[133] from football coach Dick Vermeil about Sandusky: \"He could very well be the Will Rogers of the coaching profession.\"[134]Other books by Sandusky include:Developing linebackers the Penn State way, Leisure Press, 1981; ISBN 978-0-918438-64-5\nCoaching linebackers, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1995; ISBN 978-1-57167-059-5\n101 linebacker drills, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1997; ISBN 978-1-57167-087-8Sandusky granted his first interview for television since his conviction on NBC's Today show on March 25, 2013.[135]","title":"Publications and interviews"}] | [{"image_text":"Sandusky's statement the evening before his sentencing"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Inmate/Parolee Locator\". inmatelocator.cor.pa.gov.","urls":[{"url":"http://inmatelocator.cor.pa.gov/#/Result","url_text":"\"Inmate/Parolee Locator\""}]},{"reference":"Tuscano, Joe (November 19, 2011). \"Picture this: Sandusky still in hall\". Observer–Reporter. Archived from the original on November 23, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20111123042455/http://www.observer-reporter.com/or/story11/11-19-2011-Jerry-Sandusky-Hall-of-Fame","url_text":"\"Picture this: Sandusky still in hall\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer%E2%80%93Reporter","url_text":"Observer–Reporter"},{"url":"http://www.observer-reporter.com/or/story11/11-19-2011-Jerry-Sandusky-Hall-of-Fame","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Sandusky Awarded Assistant Coach of the Year\". Gopsusports.cstv.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20111117211750/http://gopsusports.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/121099aaf.html","url_text":"\"Sandusky Awarded Assistant Coach of the Year\""},{"url":"http://gopsusports.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/121099aaf.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Second Mile\". Archived from the original on June 8, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120608030038/http://www.thesecondmile.org/welcome.php","url_text":"\"The Second Mile\""},{"url":"http://www.thesecondmile.org/welcome.php","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Viera, Mark (November 5, 2011). \"Former Coach at Penn State Is Charged With Abuse\". The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/sports/ncaafootball/former-coach-at-penn-state-is-charged-with-abuse.html","url_text":"\"Former Coach at Penn State Is Charged With Abuse\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"Drape, Joe (June 22, 2012). \"Sandusky Guilty of Sexual Abuse of 10 Young Boys\". The New York Times. Retrieved June 23, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/23/sports/ncaafootball/jerry-sandusky-convicted-of-sexually-abusing-boys.html","url_text":"\"Sandusky Guilty of Sexual Abuse of 10 Young Boys\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"Wetzel, Dan (June 22, 2012). \"Jerry Sandusky found guilty of child sex abuse, should spend rest of his life in prison\". Yahoo Sports.","urls":[{"url":"https://sports.yahoo.com/news/ncaaf--jerry-sandusky-guilty-child-sex-abuse-jury-judge-cleland.html","url_text":"\"Jerry Sandusky found guilty of child sex abuse, should spend rest of his life in prison\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo_Sports","url_text":"Yahoo Sports"}]},{"reference":"\"Jerry Sandusky gets 30-60 years for molesting boys\". The Patriot-News. PennLive. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2012/10/jerry_sandusky_gets_30-60_year.html","url_text":"\"Jerry Sandusky gets 30-60 years for molesting boys\""}]},{"reference":"Sandusky, Jerry (2001). Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story. Manhattan, New York City: Sports Publishing. pp. 33–34. ISBN 1-58261-357-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58261-357-5","url_text":"1-58261-357-5"}]},{"reference":"\"ARTHUR SANDUSKY 1989 — MERITORIOUS SERVICE\". Washington–Greene County Chapter, Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on November 23, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111123045247/http://www.wash-greenesportshall.org/1989/SANDUSKY.htm","url_text":"\"ARTHUR SANDUSKY 1989 — MERITORIOUS SERVICE\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Sports_Hall_of_Fame","url_text":"Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame"},{"url":"http://www.wash-greenesportshall.org/1989/SANDUSKY.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Cosentino, Dom (June 22, 2012). \"'I Have Many Forrest Gump Qualities': Read The 'Creepy Love Letters' Jerry Sandusky Wrote To One Of His Victims\". Deadspin. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania:_The_Adventure | Castlevania: The Adventure | ["1 Gameplay","2 Reception","3 In other media","4 Notes","5 References","6 External links"] | 1989 video gameCastlevania: The AdventureNorth American box artDeveloper(s)KonamiPublisher(s)KonamiProgrammer(s)Masato MaegawaYoshiaki YamadaArtist(s)Koichi KimuraNobuya NakazatoComposer(s)Shigeru FukutakeNorio HanzawaHidehiro FunauchiSeriesCastlevaniaPlatform(s)Game Boy, Game Boy ColorReleaseGame BoyJP: October 27, 1989NA: December 15, 1989PAL: 1991JP: September 25, 1997 (Konami GB Collection Vol. 1)Game Boy ColorEU: 2000 (Konami GB Collection Vol. 1)Genre(s)PlatformMode(s)Single-player
Castlevania: The Adventure is a 1989 platform game developed and released by Konami for the Game Boy. It is the first Castlevania title for the system. Castlevania: The Adventure was re-released in color as part of the Konami GB Collection compilations in Japan and Europe. A remake titled Castlevania: The Adventure ReBirth was released as a WiiWare game for the Wii. The original game is included in the Castlevania Anniversary Collection, which was released in 2019.
Gameplay
A screenshot of the game's first level
Set a century after the events of Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse and a century before the events of the original Castlevania, the player controls a descendant of Trevor Belmont and an ancestor of Simon Belmont named Christopher Belmont who goes on a quest to defeat Dracula.
The game consists of four stages, and unlike other Castlevania games, there are no sub-weapons, but hearts are used to restore health. The player has three lives, after losing them the player must restart the level. Weapons can be upgraded, such as the whip into the chain whip and flame whip, but any enemy damage will downgrade an upgraded weapon. At the end of each level, there is a "primary evil" (boss) to confront. The four bosses are: A knight (who later appears as a normal enemy in stage four), a group of "Fleamen/Igors" from previous installments, a gargoyle, and Dracula, who turns into a bat when his humanoid form is defeated. Players can utilize crystals, hearts, and crosses of gold. There is a point counter, and at 10,000 points, a player receives an extra life, and receives one for every 20,000 points after that. Each stage has a time limit in which to complete the level.
Reception
ReceptionAggregate scoreAggregatorScoreGameRankings55%
Castlevania: The Adventure received mixed reviews. The game was regarded difficult at times, with long levels and only three lives before playing the second cycle. The graphics were thought to be "competent", the music well-composed with memorable tunes. IGN said it had a basic design, none of the series' staple bosses, and nothing original. Game Informer's Tim Turi felt that it was held back by its technical limitations but praised its sound quality.
Time Extension placed The Adventure second last on its list of ranked Castlevania games. It was described that "The gameplay is sluggish, the level design uninspired and the controls painful. Only a decent soundtrack saves this one from the scrapheap."
In June 2006, a ROM hack of the game was created. The hack, titled Quick Fix, resolved many issues and criticisms with the game; Christopher Belmont moves at a much more reasonable speed, the whip does not downgrade when Belmont gets hit (however it still downgrades when he dies), and Belmont's hitbox was also slightly improved to prevent instances where he seemingly lands on a platform, but then "slips" off. The creator states that it was "Made on behalf of those who have played Adventure and hated it due to certain drawbacks" before going on to mention said drawbacks.
In other media
A series of comic books were released in 2005 by IDW Publishing called Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy, which are based on the game.
Notes
^ Known in Japan as Dracula Densetsu (ドラキュラ伝説, Dorakyura Densetsu, Dracula Legend)Trademark of the game is Castlevania - The Adventure
References
^ a b c d Mark Bozon (2007-01-18). "Castlevania: The Retrospective". IGN. p. 5. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
^ Konami staff, ed. (1991). Castlevania II: Belmont's Revenge instruction manual. Konami. p. 11. ???-CW-USA.
^ a b c d "Castlevania: The Adventure (1989)". GameSpy. 1999-01-01. Archived from the original on 2010-01-09. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
^ a b c d Konami staff, ed. (1989). Castlevania: The Adventure instruction manual. Konami. DMG-CV-USA.
^ "Castlevania: The Adventure for Game Boy". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
^ Turi, Tim (2012-04-04). "Ranking The Castlevania Bloodline". Game Informer. Archived from the original on 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
^ McFerran, Damien (2 January 2023). "Best Castlevania Games - Every Castlevania Game Ranked". Time Extension. Hookshot Media. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
^ "CVA Quick Fix".
^ McFerran, Damien (23 January 2023). "One Of The Most Hateful Castlevania Titles Has Been "Fixed"". Time Extension. Hookshot Media. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
^ "Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy". GameSpy. 2005-01-01. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
External links
Castlevania: The Adventure at MobyGames
vteCastlevania
List of media
Games
Castlevania (1986)
Chronicles
Vampire Killer
Simon's Quest
Haunted Castle
The Adventure
ReBirth
Dracula's Curse
Belmont's Revenge
Super Castlevania IV
Rondo of Blood
Dracula X
Dracula X Chronicles
Bloodlines
Symphony of the Night
Legends
Castlevania (1999)
Legacy of Darkness
Circle of the Moon
Harmony of Dissonance
Aria of Sorrow
Lament of Innocence
Dawn of Sorrow
Curse of Darkness
Portrait of Ruin
Order of Ecclesia
Lords of Shadow
Lords of Shadow
Mirror of Fate
Lords of Shadow 2
Spin-offs
Kid Dracula (1990)
Kid Dracula (1993)
Order of Shadows
Judgment
The Arcade
Puzzle: Encore of the Night
Harmony of Despair
Crossovers
Konami Wai Wai World
Wai Wai World 2
Konami GB Collection
Konami Krazy Racers
Evolution Skateboarding
DreamMix TV World Fighters
Konami Wai Wai Sokoban
New International Track & Field
Konami Classics
Super Bomberman R
Brawlhalla
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
Dead Cells
TV series
Castlevania (2017–2021)
Nocturne (2023)
Characters
Simon Belmont
Dracula
Alucard
People
Koji Igarashi
Kinuyo Yamashita
Michiru Yamane
Ayami Kojima
Related
Dracula's Castle
Metroidvania
Captain N: The Game Master
Category
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz work | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"platform game","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platformer"},{"link_name":"Konami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konami"},{"link_name":"Game Boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Boy"},{"link_name":"Castlevania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania_(series)"},{"link_name":"Konami GB Collection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konami_GB_Collection"},{"link_name":"remake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_remake"},{"link_name":"Castlevania: The Adventure ReBirth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania:_The_Adventure_ReBirth"},{"link_name":"WiiWare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiiWare"},{"link_name":"Wii","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wii"},{"link_name":"Castlevania Anniversary Collection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania_Anniversary_Collection"}],"text":"Castlevania: The Adventure[a] is a 1989 platform game developed and released by Konami for the Game Boy. It is the first Castlevania title for the system. Castlevania: The Adventure was re-released in color as part of the Konami GB Collection compilations in Japan and Europe. A remake titled Castlevania: The Adventure ReBirth was released as a WiiWare game for the Wii. The original game is included in the Castlevania Anniversary Collection, which was released in 2019.","title":"Castlevania: The Adventure"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Castlevania_the_Adventure_gameplay.png"},{"link_name":"Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania_III:_Dracula%27s_Curse"},{"link_name":"Castlevania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania_(1986_video_game)"},{"link_name":"Trevor Belmont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Castlevania_characters#Trevor_Belmont"},{"link_name":"Simon Belmont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Castlevania_characters#Simon_Belmont"},{"link_name":"Christopher Belmont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Castlevania_characters#Christopher_Belmont"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IGN-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-video-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gamespy-4"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IGN-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gamespy-4"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gamespy-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-basicinfo-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-basicinfo-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-basicinfo-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-basicinfo-5"}],"text":"A screenshot of the game's first levelSet a century after the events of Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse and a century before the events of the original Castlevania, the player controls a descendant of Trevor Belmont and an ancestor of Simon Belmont named Christopher Belmont who goes on a quest to defeat Dracula.[1][2][3]The game consists of four stages, and unlike other Castlevania games, there are no sub-weapons, but hearts are used to restore health.[1] The player has three lives, after losing them the player must restart the level.[3] Weapons can be upgraded, such as the whip into the chain whip and flame whip, but any enemy damage will downgrade an upgraded weapon.[3] At the end of each level, there is a \"primary evil\" (boss) to confront. The four bosses are: A knight (who later appears as a normal enemy in stage four), a group of \"Fleamen/Igors\" from previous installments, a gargoyle, and Dracula, who turns into a bat when his humanoid form is defeated. [4] Players can utilize crystals, hearts, and crosses of gold.[4] There is a point counter, and at 10,000 points, a player receives an extra life, and receives one for every 20,000 points after that.[4] Each stage has a time limit in which to complete the level.[4]","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"GameRankings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameRankings"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gamespy-4"},{"link_name":"IGN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGN"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IGN-1"},{"link_name":"Game Informer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Informer"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"ROM hack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_hacking"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"ReceptionAggregate scoreAggregatorScoreGameRankings55%[5]Castlevania: The Adventure received mixed reviews. The game was regarded difficult at times, with long levels and only three lives before playing the second cycle. The graphics were thought to be \"competent\", the music well-composed with memorable tunes.[3] IGN said it had a basic design, none of the series' staple bosses, and nothing original.[1] Game Informer's Tim Turi felt that it was held back by its technical limitations but praised its sound quality.[6]Time Extension placed The Adventure second last on its list of ranked Castlevania games. It was described that \"The gameplay is sluggish, the level design uninspired and the controls painful. Only a decent soundtrack saves this one from the scrapheap.\"[7]In June 2006, a ROM hack of the game was created. The hack, titled Quick Fix, resolved many issues and criticisms with the game; Christopher Belmont moves at a much more reasonable speed, the whip does not downgrade when Belmont gets hit (however it still downgrades when he dies), and Belmont's hitbox was also slightly improved to prevent instances where he seemingly lands on a platform, but then \"slips\" off. The creator states that it was \"Made on behalf of those who have played [Castlevania] Adventure and hated it due to certain drawbacks\" before going on to mention said drawbacks.[8][9]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"IDW Publishing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDW_Publishing"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gam-11"}],"text":"A series of comic books were released in 2005 by IDW Publishing called Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy, which are based on the game.[10]","title":"In other media"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"}],"text":"^ Known in Japan as Dracula Densetsu (ドラキュラ伝説, Dorakyura Densetsu, Dracula Legend)Trademark of the game is Castlevania - The Adventure","title":"Notes"}] | [{"image_text":"A screenshot of the game's first level","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/39/Castlevania_the_Adventure_gameplay.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"Mark Bozon (2007-01-18). \"Castlevania: The Retrospective\". IGN. p. 5. Retrieved 2008-07-12.","urls":[{"url":"http://ie.ign.com/articles/2007/01/19/castlevania-the-retrospective?page=5","url_text":"\"Castlevania: The Retrospective\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGN","url_text":"IGN"}]},{"reference":"Konami staff, ed. (1991). Castlevania II: Belmont's Revenge instruction manual. Konami. p. 11. ???-CW-USA.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konami","url_text":"Konami"}]},{"reference":"\"Castlevania: The Adventure (1989)\". GameSpy. 1999-01-01. Archived from the original on 2010-01-09. Retrieved 2010-01-31.","urls":[{"url":"http://castlevaniadungeon.net/games/cva.html","url_text":"\"Castlevania: The Adventure (1989)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameSpy","url_text":"GameSpy"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100109100414/http://www.castlevaniadungeon.net/Games/cva.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Konami staff, ed. (1989). Castlevania: The Adventure instruction manual. Konami. DMG-CV-USA.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konami","url_text":"Konami"}]},{"reference":"\"Castlevania: The Adventure for Game Boy\". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2018-11-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gamerankings.com/gameboy/585660-castlevania-the-adventure/index.html","url_text":"\"Castlevania: The Adventure for Game Boy\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameRankings","url_text":"GameRankings"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Interactive","url_text":"CBS Interactive"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174101/https://www.gamerankings.com/gameboy/585660-castlevania-the-adventure/index.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Turi, Tim (2012-04-04). \"Ranking The Castlevania Bloodline\". Game Informer. Archived from the original on 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2013-12-05.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2012/04/04/ranking-the-castlevania-bloodline.aspx","url_text":"\"Ranking The Castlevania Bloodline\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Informer","url_text":"Game Informer"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130507064948/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2012/04/04/ranking-the-castlevania-bloodline.aspx","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"McFerran, Damien (2 January 2023). \"Best Castlevania Games - Every Castlevania Game Ranked\". Time Extension. Hookshot Media. Retrieved 19 February 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.timeextension.com/guides/best-castlevania-games-every-castlevania-game-ranked","url_text":"\"Best Castlevania Games - Every Castlevania Game Ranked\""}]},{"reference":"\"CVA Quick Fix\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.romhacking.net/hacks/190/","url_text":"\"CVA Quick Fix\""}]},{"reference":"McFerran, Damien (23 January 2023). \"One Of The Most Hateful Castlevania Titles Has Been \"Fixed\"\". Time Extension. Hookshot Media. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.timeextension.com/news/2023/01/one-of-the-most-hateful-castlevania-titles-has-been-fixed","url_text":"\"One Of The Most Hateful Castlevania Titles Has Been \"Fixed\"\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230123094532/https://www.timeextension.com/news/2023/01/one-of-the-most-hateful-castlevania-titles-has-been-fixed","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy\". GameSpy. 2005-01-01. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-01-31.","urls":[{"url":"http://castlevaniadungeon.net/Features/cvcomic.html","url_text":"\"Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameSpy","url_text":"GameSpy"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100611220926/http://castlevaniadungeon.net/features/cvcomic.html","url_text":"Archived"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://ie.ign.com/articles/2007/01/19/castlevania-the-retrospective?page=5","external_links_name":"\"Castlevania: The Retrospective\""},{"Link":"http://castlevaniadungeon.net/games/cva.html","external_links_name":"\"Castlevania: The Adventure (1989)\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100109100414/http://www.castlevaniadungeon.net/Games/cva.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.gamerankings.com/gameboy/585660-castlevania-the-adventure/index.html","external_links_name":"\"Castlevania: The Adventure for Game Boy\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174101/https://www.gamerankings.com/gameboy/585660-castlevania-the-adventure/index.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2012/04/04/ranking-the-castlevania-bloodline.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Ranking The Castlevania Bloodline\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130507064948/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2012/04/04/ranking-the-castlevania-bloodline.aspx","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.timeextension.com/guides/best-castlevania-games-every-castlevania-game-ranked","external_links_name":"\"Best Castlevania Games - Every Castlevania Game Ranked\""},{"Link":"https://www.romhacking.net/hacks/190/","external_links_name":"\"CVA Quick Fix\""},{"Link":"https://www.timeextension.com/news/2023/01/one-of-the-most-hateful-castlevania-titles-has-been-fixed","external_links_name":"\"One Of The Most Hateful Castlevania Titles Has Been \"Fixed\"\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230123094532/https://www.timeextension.com/news/2023/01/one-of-the-most-hateful-castlevania-titles-has-been-fixed","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://castlevaniadungeon.net/Features/cvcomic.html","external_links_name":"\"Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100611220926/http://castlevaniadungeon.net/features/cvcomic.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.mobygames.com/game/castlevania-the-adventure","external_links_name":"Castlevania: The Adventure"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/work/9187d7c8-c849-47bd-9c72-c3f4d6c7d3fa","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz work"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics | Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics | ["1 Qualification","2 Competition schedule","3 Medal summary","3.1 Medal table","3.2 Events","4 Entries","4.1 Changes to preliminary assignments","5 Records and firsts","6 Participating nations","7 Doping controversy surrounding Russia","8 Notes","9 References","10 External links"] | Figure Skatingat the XXIV Olympic Winter GamesFigure skating pictogramVenueCapital Indoor StadiumDates4–20 FebruaryNo. of events5 (1 men, 1 women, 3 mixed)Competitors148 (74 men, 74 women) from 32 nations← 20182026 →
Figure skating at the2022 Winter OlympicsQualification
SinglesmenwomenPairsmixedIce dancemixedTeam eventmixedvte
Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held at the Capital Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China. The five events took place between 4 and 20 February 2022.
A total of 144 quota spots were distributed to the sport of figure skating, a decline of four from the 2018 Olympic Winter Games. From the 2021–22 season, the International Skating Union (ISU) renamed "ladies' singles" as "women's singles".
A total of five events were contested, one for men, one for women and three mixed.
Qualification
Main article: Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification
A total of 144 quota spots are available to athletes to compete at the games. Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) can enter a maximum of 18 athletes, with a maximum of nine men or nine women. An additional five quota spots have been made available for, first host qualification, then if any are remaining, the team event.
On the issue of the disqualification of participating athletes at the Winter Olympics, the ISU has issued a statement regarding its policy regarding doping violations which may be alleged for the duration of the events of the Games stating that the, "...International Skating Union cannot disclose any information about a possible anti-doping rule violation. This is regulated by the ISU anti-doping rules and the IOC anti-doping rules for the Beijing 2022 Olympics."
Competition schedule
The following is the competition schedule for all five events. Sessions that include the event finals are shown in bold.
All times are in local time (UTC+8), according to the official schedule correct as of January 2022. This schedule may be subject to change in due time.
Date
Time
Event
4 February
9:55
Team event – Men's Short Program
11:35
Team event – Ice Dance Rhythm Dance
13:15
Team event – Pairs' Short Program
6 February
9:30
Team event – Women's Short Program
11:50
Team event – Men's Free Skating
7 February
9:15
Team event – Pairs' Free Skating
10:30
Team event – Ice Dance Free Dance
11:35
Team event – Women's Free Skating
8 February
9:15
Men's Short Program
10 February
9:30
Men's Free Skating
12 February
19:00
Ice Dance Rhythm Dance
14 February
9:15
Ice Dance Free Dance
15 February
18:00
Women's Short Program
17 February
18:00
Women's Free Skating
18 February
18:30
Pairs' Short Program
19 February
19:00
Pairs' Free Skating
20 February
12:00
Exhibition Gala
Medal summary
Medal table
* Host nation (China)RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1 United States20132 ROC13263 China*1001 France10015 Japan0224Totals (5 entries)55515
Events
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Men's singlesdetails
Nathan Chen United States
332.60
Yuma Kagiyama Japan
310.05
Shoma Uno Japan
293.00
Women's singlesdetails
Anna Shcherbakova ROC
255.95
Alexandra Trusova ROC
251.73
Kaori Sakamoto Japan
233.13
Pairsdetails
Sui Wenjing Han Cong China
239.88 WR
Evgenia Tarasova Vladimir Morozov ROC
239.25
Anastasia Mishina Aleksandr Galliamov ROC
237.71
Ice dancedetails
Gabriella Papadakis Guillaume Cizeron France
226.98 WR
Victoria Sinitsina Nikita Katsalapov ROC
220.51
Madison Hubbell Zachary Donohue United States
218.02
Team eventdetails
United StatesNathan Chen*Vincent Zhou**Karen ChenAlexa Knierim Brandon FrazierMadison Hubbell* Zachary Donohue*Madison Chock** Evan Bates**
65
JapanShoma Uno*Yuma Kagiyama**Wakaba Higuchi*Kaori Sakamoto**Riku Miura Ryuichi KiharaMisato Komatsubara Tim Koleto
63
ROCMark KondratiukKamila Valieva (DSQ)Anastasia Mishina Aleksandr GalliamovVictoria Sinitsina Nikita Katsalapov
54
* Skaters who only competed in the short program/rhythm dance.
** Skaters who only competed in the free skating/dance.
Entries
Countries began announcing their selections following the 2021 World Championships. The International Skating Union published a complete list of entries on 26 January 2022. Names denoted with an asterisk (*) are skaters/teams eligible for the team event only.
Country
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice dance
Armenia
Tina Garabedian / Simon Proulx-Sénécal
Australia
Brendan Kerry
Kailani Craine
Austria
Olga Mikutina
Miriam Ziegler / Severin Kiefer
Azerbaijan
Vladimir Litvintsev
Ekaterina Ryabova
Belarus
Konstantin Milyukov
Viktoriia Safonova
Belgium
Loena Hendrickx
Bulgaria
Alexandra Feigin
Canada
Keegan MessingRoman Sadovsky
Madeline Schizas
Vanessa James / Eric RadfordKirsten Moore-Towers / Michael Marinaro
Laurence Fournier Beaudry / Nikolaj SørensenPiper Gilles / Paul PoirierMarjorie Lajoie / Zachary Lagha
China
Jin Boyang
Zhu Yi
Peng Cheng / Jin YangSui Wenjing / Han Cong
Wang Shiyue / Liu Xinyu
Czech Republic
Michal Březina
Eliška Březinová
Jelizaveta Žuková / Martin Bidař
Natálie Taschlerová / Filip Taschler
Estonia
Aleksandr Selevko
Eva-Lotta Kiibus
Finland
Jenni Saarinen
Juulia Turkkila / Matthias Versluis
France
Kévin AymozAdam Siao Him Fa
Gabriella Papadakis / Guillaume Cizeron
Georgia
Morisi Kvitelashvili
Anastasiia Gubanova
Karina Safina / Luka Berulava
Maria Kazakova / Georgy Reviya
Germany
Paul Fentz*
Nicole Schott
Minerva Fabienne Hase / Nolan Seegert
Katharina Müller / Tim Dieck
Great Britain
Natasha McKay
Lilah Fear / Lewis Gibson
Hungary
Ioulia Chtchetinina / Márk Magyar
Israel
Alexei Bychenko
Hailey Kops / Evgeni Krasnopolski
Italy
Daniel GrasslMatteo Rizzo
Lara Naki Gutmann*
Nicole Della Monica / Matteo GuariseRebecca Ghilardi / Filippo Ambrosini
Charlène Guignard / Marco Fabbri
Japan
Yuzuru HanyuYuma KagiyamaShoma Uno
Wakaba HiguchiMana KawabeKaori Sakamoto
Riku Miura / Ryuichi Kihara
Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto
Latvia
Deniss Vasiļjevs
Lithuania
Paulina Ramanauskaitė / Deividas Kizala
Mexico
Donovan Carrillo
Netherlands
Lindsay van Zundert
Poland
Ekaterina Kurakova
Natalia Kaliszek / Maksym Spodyriev
ROC
Mark KondratiukAndrei MozalevEvgeni Semenenko
Anna ShcherbakovaAlexandra TrusovaKamila Valieva
Aleksandra Boikova / Dmitrii KozlovskiiAnastasia Mishina / Aleksandr GalliamovEvgenia Tarasova / Vladimir Morozov
Diana Davis / Gleb SmolkinVictoria Sinitsina / Nikita KatsalapovAlexandra Stepanova / Ivan Bukin
South Korea
Cha Jun-hwanLee Si-hyeong
Kim Ye-limYou Young
Spain
Laura Barquero / Marco Zandron
Olivia Smart / Adrián Díaz
Sweden
Nikolaj Majorov
Josefin Taljegård
Switzerland
Lukas Britschgi
Alexia Paganini
Ukraine
Ivan Shmuratko
Anastasiia Shabotova
Sofiia Holichenko / Artem Darenskyi*
Oleksandra Nazarova / Maksym Nikitin
United States
Jason BrownNathan ChenVincent Zhou
Mariah BellKaren ChenAlysa Liu
Ashley Cain-Gribble / Timothy LeDucAlexa Knierim / Brandon Frazier
Madison Chock / Evan BatesKaitlin Hawayek / Jean-Luc BakerMadison Hubbell / Zachary Donohue
Changes to preliminary assignments
Date
Discipline
Withdrew
Added
Reason/Other notes
Ref.
25 January
Men
Mikhail Kolyada
Evgeni Semenenko
Positive COVID-19 test
Records and firsts
See also: World and Olympic records set at the 2022 Winter Olympics
For the all-time highest scores, see list of highest scores in figure skating.
The following new ISU best scores were set during this competition.
Event
Date
Component
Skater(s)
Country
Score
Ref
Team event
4 February
Pairs – Short program
Sui Wenjing / Han Cong
China
82.83
Men's singles
8 February
Short program
Nathan Chen
United States
113.97
Short program TES
65.98
10 February
Free skating PCS
97.22
Ice dance
12 February
Rhythm dance
Gabriella Papadakis / Guillaume Cizeron
France
90.83
Rhythm dance TES
51.65
14 February
Combined total
226.98
Pair skating
18 February
Short program
Sui Wenjing / Han Cong
China
84.41
19 February
Total score
239.88
TES = Technical Element ScorePCS = Program Component Score
Participating nations
The following National Olympic Committees earned spots to compete, with the number of athletes in parentheses. 148 athletes from 32 NOCs are expected to participate. ROC was the only delegation to qualify the maximum number of entries (3 spots per discipline for 18 athletes total).
Armenia (2)
Australia (2)
Austria (3)
Azerbaijan (2)
Belarus (2)
Belgium (1)
Bulgaria (1)
Canada (13)
China (8)
Czech Republic (6)
Estonia (2)
Finland (3)
France (4)
Georgia (6)
Germany (6)
Great Britain (3)
Hungary (2)
Israel (3)
Italy (9)
Japan (10)
Latvia (1)
Lithuania (2)
Mexico (1)
Netherlands (1)
Poland (3)
ROC (18)
South Korea (4)
Spain (4)
Sweden (2)
Switzerland (2)
Ukraine (6)
United States (16)
Doping controversy surrounding Russia
See also: Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's singles § Doping controversy
The medal ceremony for the team event, where the Russian Olympic Committe (ROC) won gold, originally scheduled for 8 February, was delayed over what International Olympic Committee (IOC) spokesperson Mark Adams described as a situation that required "legal consultation" with the International Skating Union. Several media outlets reported on 9 February that the issue was over a positive test for trimetazidine by the ROC's Kamila Valieva, which was officially confirmed on 11 February. Valieva's sample in question was taken by the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) at the 2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships on 25 December, but the sample was not analyzed at the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) laboratory where it was sent for testing until 8 February, one day after the team event concluded.
Valieva was assessed a provisional suspension after her positive result, but upon appeal, she was cleared by RUSADA's independent Disciplinary Anti-Doping Committee (DAC) on 9 February, just a day after receiving the provisional suspension. Following formal appeals lodged by the IOC, the International Skating Union (ISU), and WADA to review RUSADA DAC's decision, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) heard the case on 13 February, and removal of her provisional suspension was upheld on 14 February, ahead of her scheduled appearance in the women's singles event beginning 15 February. Due to Valieva being a minor at the time, as well as being classified as a "protected person" under WADA guidelines, RUSADA and the IOC announced on 12 February that they would broaden the scope of their respective investigations to include members of her entourage (e.g. coaches, team doctors, etc.).
On 14 February, the CAS declined to reinstate Valieva's provisional suspension and ruled that she would be allowed to compete in the women’s singles event. The CAS decided that preventing her from competing "would cause her irreparable harm in the circumstances", while noting that any medals won by Valieva at the Beijing Olympics would be withheld pending the results of the continuing investigation into her doping violation. The accommodating decision from the court, still subject to further and on-going investigation, was made on three grounds: 1/ Due to her age, she is a "Protected Person" as per WADA Code, subject to different rules than adult athletes; 2/ Athlete "did not test positive during the Olympic Games in Beijing; 3/ "There were serious issues of untimely notification of the results, ... which impinged upon the Athlete’s ability to establish certain legal requirements for her benefit". The IOC announced that the team event medal ceremony, as well as the women's singles flower ceremony and medal ceremony if Valieva were to medal, would not take place until the investigation is over, and there is a concrete decision whether to strip Valieva and the ROC of their medals. To allow for the possibility that Valieva's results may be disqualified, the IOC asked the ISU to expand the qualifying field for the women's singles free skating by one to 25, contingent upon Valieva being one of the top 24 skaters after the short program.
On 15 February, after the women's short program, The New York Times reported that Valieva's sample tested positive for an additional two substances, hypoxen and L-Carnitine, which are not on the banned list, in addition to trimetazidine. Antidoping officials called the discovery of multiple substances in any athlete's sample "highly unusual", particularly in an athlete as young as Valieva. Travis Tygart, the chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, called the combination of three heart medications a "trifecta of substances... seem to be aimed at increasing endurance, reducing fatigue and promoting greater efficiency in using oxygen". By the end of the Beijing Olympics, a total five athletes were reported for doping violations. By 9 March 2022, Tygart of the USADA further reported that Valieva had not requested that her "B" sample be tested, apparently accepting the results of initial testing and relying on her explanation that the banned substance trimetazidine belonged to her grandfather and only accidentally contaminated or became mixed into her own use of allowed nutrients and supplements. Tygart further stated that as a minor Valieva could still be either fully exculpated or given a warning concerning her testing positive depending on the extent of findings in the on-going RUSADA investigation of doping. According to Tygart, an adverse finding against her as a first offense could still be assessed as a two year suspension, which is half of the suspension time which could be assessed for adults.
Although Russia as a country is currently banned from participating in international skating events due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Valieva has continued to compete within Russian borders without being hindered by RUSADA as recently as the Russian Grand Prix held in October 2022. In mid-November, WADA requested that CAS take up the review of the Valieva case with an eye towards a 4-year suspension of Valieva, which would exclude her from competition at the next Winter Olympics, and to rescind her first place performance at the previous Beijing Olympics because, "the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) did not meet a WADA-imposed Nov. 4 deadline to deliver a verdict on Valiyeva's case."
Notes
^ On 29 January 2024, CAS disqualified Valieva for four years retroactive to 25 December 2021 for an anti-doping rule violation. On 30 January 2024, the ISU re=allocated medals, upgrading the United States to gold and Japan to silver while downgrading ROC to bronze.
^ Allison Reed / Saulius Ambrulevičius, who qualified an ice dance spot for Lithuania, were replaced by Ramanauskaitė/Kizala because Reed's application for Lithuanian citizenship was denied.
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"Olimpinėse žaidynėse Reed su Ambrulevičiumi tikrai nebus, Vanagienė jau svajoja apie dvi poras 2026-aisiais" . Lithuanian National Radio and Television (in Lithuanian). 24 January 2022.
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United States | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Figure skating","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympic_Games"},{"link_name":"2022 Winter Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Capital Indoor Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Beijing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-schedule-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"2021–22 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_figure_skating_season"},{"link_name":"International Skating Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held at the Capital Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China. The five events took place between 4 and 20 February 2022.[1]A total of 144 quota spots were distributed to the sport of figure skating, a decline of four from the 2018 Olympic Winter Games.[2][3] From the 2021–22 season, the International Skating Union (ISU) renamed \"ladies' singles\" as \"women's singles\".[4]A total of five events were contested, one for men, one for women and three mixed.[5]","title":"Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"National Olympic Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"A total of 144 quota spots are available to athletes to compete at the games. Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) can enter a maximum of 18 athletes, with a maximum of nine men or nine women. An additional five quota spots have been made available for, first host qualification, then if any are remaining, the team event.On the issue of the disqualification of participating athletes at the Winter Olympics, the ISU has issued a statement regarding its policy regarding doping violations which may be alleged for the duration of the events of the Games stating that the, \"...International Skating Union cannot disclose any information about a possible anti-doping rule violation. This is regulated by the ISU anti-doping rules and the IOC anti-doping rules for the Beijing 2022 Olympics.\"[6]","title":"Qualification"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"UTC+8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B8"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-schedule2-7"}],"text":"The following is the competition schedule for all five events. Sessions that include the event finals are shown in bold.All times are in local time (UTC+8), according to the official schedule correct as of January 2022.[7] This schedule may be subject to change in due time.","title":"Competition schedule"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Medal summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"}],"sub_title":"Medal table","text":"* Host nation (China)","title":"Medal summary"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Events","text":"* Skaters who only competed in the short program/rhythm dance.\n** Skaters who only competed in the free skating/dance.","title":"Medal summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2021 World Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_World_Figure_Skating_Championships"},{"link_name":"International Skating Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-entries-10"}],"text":"Countries began announcing their selections following the 2021 World Championships. The International Skating Union published a complete list of entries on 26 January 2022.[9] Names denoted with an asterisk (*) are skaters/teams eligible for the team event only.","title":"Entries"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Changes to preliminary assignments","title":"Entries"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"World and Olympic records set at the 2022 Winter Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_and_Olympic_records_set_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"list of highest scores in figure skating","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest_scores_in_figure_skating"},{"link_name":"ISU best scores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISU_Judging_System#Best_scores"}],"text":"See also: World and Olympic records set at the 2022 Winter OlympicsFor the all-time highest scores, see list of highest scores in figure skating.The following new ISU best scores were set during this competition.TES = Technical Element ScorePCS = Program Component Score","title":"Records and firsts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ROC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Armenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Azerbaijan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Belarus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Estonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Latvia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"ROC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"South Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics"}],"text":"The following National Olympic Committees earned spots to compete, with the number of athletes in parentheses. 148 athletes from 32 NOCs are expected to participate. ROC was the only delegation to qualify the maximum number of entries (3 spots per discipline for 18 athletes total).Armenia (2)\n Australia (2)\n Austria (3)\n Azerbaijan (2)\n Belarus (2)\n Belgium (1)\n Bulgaria (1)\n Canada (13)\n China (8)\n Czech Republic (6)\n Estonia (2)\n Finland (3)\n France (4)\n Georgia (6)\n Germany (6)\n Great Britain (3)\n Hungary (2)\n Israel (3)\n Italy (9)\n Japan (10)\n Latvia (1)\n Lithuania (2)\n Mexico (1)\n Netherlands (1)\n Poland (3)\n ROC (18)\n South Korea (4)\n Spain (4)\n Sweden (2)\n Switzerland (2)\n Ukraine (6)\n United States (16)","title":"Participating nations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's singles § Doping controversy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_singles#Doping_controversy"},{"link_name":"Russian Olympic Committe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Olympic_Committe_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"International Olympic Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee"},{"link_name":"International Skating Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"trimetazidine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimetazidine"},{"link_name":"Kamila Valieva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamila_Valieva"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"Russian Anti-Doping Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Anti-Doping_Agency"},{"link_name":"2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships"},{"link_name":"World Anti-Doping Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"International Skating Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union"},{"link_name":"Court of Arbitration for Sport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"},{"link_name":"The New York Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"},{"link_name":"L-Carnitine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine"},{"link_name":"Travis Tygart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Tygart"},{"link_name":"United States Anti-Doping Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Anti-Doping_Agency"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"},{"link_name":"USADA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USADA"},{"link_name":"RUSADA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RUSADA"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"},{"link_name":"2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-74"}],"text":"See also: Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's singles § Doping controversyThe medal ceremony for the team event, where the Russian Olympic Committe (ROC) won gold, originally scheduled for 8 February, was delayed over what International Olympic Committee (IOC) spokesperson Mark Adams described as a situation that required \"legal consultation\" with the International Skating Union.[56] Several media outlets reported on 9 February that the issue was over a positive test for trimetazidine by the ROC's Kamila Valieva,[57][58] which was officially confirmed on 11 February.[59] Valieva's sample in question was taken by the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) at the 2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships on 25 December, but the sample was not analyzed at the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) laboratory where it was sent for testing until 8 February, one day after the team event concluded.[60]Valieva was assessed a provisional suspension after her positive result, but upon appeal, she was cleared by RUSADA's independent Disciplinary Anti-Doping Committee (DAC) on 9 February, just a day after receiving the provisional suspension.[61] Following formal appeals lodged by the IOC, the International Skating Union (ISU), and WADA to review RUSADA DAC's decision, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) heard the case on 13 February, and removal of her provisional suspension was upheld on 14 February, ahead of her scheduled appearance in the women's singles event beginning 15 February.[62][63] Due to Valieva being a minor at the time, as well as being classified as a \"protected person\" under WADA guidelines, RUSADA and the IOC announced on 12 February that they would broaden the scope of their respective investigations to include members of her entourage (e.g. coaches, team doctors, etc.).[64]On 14 February, the CAS declined to reinstate Valieva's provisional suspension and ruled that she would be allowed to compete in the women’s singles event. The CAS decided that preventing her from competing \"would cause her irreparable harm in the circumstances\", while noting that any medals won by Valieva at the Beijing Olympics would be withheld pending the results of the continuing investigation into her doping violation. The accommodating decision from the court, still subject to further and on-going investigation, was made on three grounds: 1/ Due to her age, she is a \"Protected Person\" as per WADA Code, subject to different rules than adult athletes; 2/ Athlete \"did not test positive during the Olympic Games in Beijing; 3/ \"There were serious issues of untimely notification of the results, ... which impinged upon the Athlete’s ability to establish certain legal requirements for her benefit\".[65][66] The IOC announced that the team event medal ceremony, as well as the women's singles flower ceremony and medal ceremony if Valieva were to medal, would not take place until the investigation is over, and there is a concrete decision whether to strip Valieva and the ROC of their medals. To allow for the possibility that Valieva's results may be disqualified, the IOC asked the ISU to expand the qualifying field for the women's singles free skating by one to 25, contingent upon Valieva being one of the top 24 skaters after the short program.[67]On 15 February, after the women's short program, The New York Times reported that Valieva's sample tested positive for an additional two substances, hypoxen and L-Carnitine, which are not on the banned list, in addition to trimetazidine. Antidoping officials called the discovery of multiple substances in any athlete's sample \"highly unusual\", particularly in an athlete as young as Valieva. Travis Tygart, the chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, called the combination of three heart medications a \"trifecta of substances...[which] seem to be aimed at increasing endurance, reducing fatigue and promoting greater efficiency in using oxygen\".[68] By the end of the Beijing Olympics, a total five athletes were reported for doping violations.[69] By 9 March 2022, Tygart of the USADA further reported that Valieva had not requested that her \"B\" sample be tested, apparently accepting the results of initial testing and relying on her explanation that the banned substance trimetazidine belonged to her grandfather and only accidentally contaminated or became mixed into her own use of allowed nutrients and supplements. Tygart further stated that as a minor Valieva could still be either fully exculpated or given a warning concerning her testing positive depending on the extent of findings in the on-going RUSADA investigation of doping. According to Tygart, an adverse finding against her as a first offense could still be assessed as a two year suspension, which is half of the suspension time which could be assessed for adults.[70]Although Russia as a country is currently banned from participating in international skating events due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Valieva has continued to compete within Russian borders without being hindered by RUSADA as recently as the Russian Grand Prix held in October 2022.[71] In mid-November, WADA requested that CAS take up the review of the Valieva case with an eye towards a 4-year suspension of Valieva, which would exclude her from competition at the next Winter Olympics, and to rescind her first place performance at the previous Beijing Olympics because, \"the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) did not meet a WADA-imposed Nov. 4 deadline to deliver a verdict on Valiyeva's case.\"[72]","title":"Doping controversy surrounding Russia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Valieva_8-0"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-LTU_37-0"},{"link_name":"Allison Reed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_Reed"},{"link_name":"Saulius Ambrulevičius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saulius_Ambrulevi%C4%8Dius"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LTU-36"}],"text":"^ On 29 January 2024, CAS disqualified Valieva for four years retroactive to 25 December 2021 for an anti-doping rule violation. On 30 January 2024, the ISU re=allocated medals, upgrading the United States to gold and Japan to silver while downgrading ROC to bronze.\n\n^ Allison Reed / Saulius Ambrulevičius, who qualified an ice dance spot for Lithuania, were replaced by Ramanauskaitė/Kizala because Reed's application for Lithuanian citizenship was denied.[35]","title":"Notes"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Beijing 2022 Schedule Figure skating\". BOCOG. Retrieved 12 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://olympics.com/en/beijing-2022/schedule-by-sport/figure-skating/","url_text":"\"Beijing 2022 Schedule Figure skating\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organizing_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games","url_text":"BOCOG"}]},{"reference":"\"Qualification System for XXIV Olympic Winter Games, Beijing 2022\". International Skating Union. 4 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.isu.org/docman-documents-links-2/2022-beijing/qualification-systems-3/22994-figure-skating-v1-0/file","url_text":"\"Qualification System for XXIV Olympic Winter Games, Beijing 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union","url_text":"International Skating Union"}]},{"reference":"\"Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022: Event programme and athlete quota\" (PDF). International Olympic Committee (IOC). Retrieved 5 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Games/Winter-Games/Games-Beijing-2022-Winter-Olympic-Games/Sports-programme/Beijing-2022-Olympic-programme.pdf","url_text":"\"Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022: Event programme and athlete quota\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"International Olympic Committee"}]},{"reference":"\"Results of Proposals in Replacement of the 58th Ordinary ISU Congress 2021\". International Skating Union. 30 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.isu.org/media-centre/press-releases/2021-2/25944-results-of-proposals-in-replacement-of-the-58th-ordinary-isu-congress-2021/file","url_text":"\"Results of Proposals in Replacement of the 58th Ordinary ISU Congress 2021\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union","url_text":"International Skating Union"}]},{"reference":"\"Official Programme of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022\" (PDF). www.olympic.org/. International Olympic Committee (IOC). Retrieved 13 February 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Games/Winter-Games/Games-Beijing-2022-Winter-Olympic-Games/Sports-programme/Beijing-2022-Olympic-programme-en.pdf","url_text":"\"Official Programme of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"International Olympic Committee"}]},{"reference":"Michaelis, Lee (10 February 2022). \"ISU made a statement about the situation with Kamila Valieva\". GamingDeputy.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gamingdeputy.com/isu-made-a-statement-about-the-situation-with-kamila-valieva/","url_text":"\"ISU made a statement about the situation with Kamila Valieva\""}]},{"reference":"\"Figure Skating – Olympic Schedule & Results – Beijing 2022\". International Olympic Committee (IOC). 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220202165648/https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/figure-skating/olympic-daily-schedule.htm","url_text":"\"Figure Skating – Olympic Schedule & Results – Beijing 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"International Olympic Committee"},{"url":"http://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/figure-skating/olympic-daily-schedule.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"BEIJING 2022 FIGURE SKATING TEAM EVENT RESULTS\". International Olympic Committee. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/beijing-2022/results/figure-skating/team-event","url_text":"\"BEIJING 2022 FIGURE SKATING TEAM EVENT RESULTS\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"International Olympic Committee"}]},{"reference":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022\". International Skating Union. 26 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://results.isu.org/events/fsevent00111038.htm","url_text":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union","url_text":"International Skating Union"}]},{"reference":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Men\" (PDF). International Skating Union. 26 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://results.isu.org/events/owg2022_Men.pdf","url_text":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Men\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union","url_text":"International Skating Union"}]},{"reference":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Women\" (PDF). International Skating Union. 26 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://results.isu.org/events/owg2022_Women.pdf","url_text":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Women\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union","url_text":"International Skating Union"}]},{"reference":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Pairs\" (PDF). International Skating Union. 26 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://results.isu.org/events/owg2022_Pairs.pdf","url_text":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Pairs\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union","url_text":"International Skating Union"}]},{"reference":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Ice Dance\" (PDF). International Skating Union. 26 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://results.isu.org/events/owg2022_IceDance.pdf","url_text":"\"XXIV Olympic Winter Games 2022: Ice Dance\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union","url_text":"International Skating Union"}]},{"reference":"Ghazanchyan, Siranush (25 September 2021). \"Armenian ice dancing pair qualifies for Winter Olympics\". Public Radio of Armenia.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.armradio.am/2021/09/25/armenian-ice-dancing-pair-qualifies-for-winter-olympics/","url_text":"\"Armenian ice dancing pair qualifies for Winter Olympics\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia","url_text":"Public Radio of Armenia"}]},{"reference":"\"Figure Skaters Kailani Craine and Brendan Kerry selected to Australian 2022 Winter Olympic Team\". Australian Olympic Committee. 24 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.olympics.com.au/news/figure-skaters-kailani-craine-and-brendan-kerry-selected-to-australian-2022-winter-olympic-team/","url_text":"\"Figure Skaters Kailani Craine and Brendan Kerry selected to Australian 2022 Winter Olympic Team\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"Australian Olympic Committee"}]},{"reference":"\"Entsendungskriterien: Saison 2021/2022 – Olympische Winterspiele (OWS) – Peking, CHN\" [Deployment Criteria: Season 2021/2022 – Olympic Winter Games (OWG) – Beijing, CHN] (PDF) (in German). Skate Austria. 2 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://skateaustria.at/entsendungen?file=files/skateaustria/pdf/21-22/Entsendungsrichtlinien%2020210207.pdf","url_text":"\"Entsendungskriterien: Saison 2021/2022 – Olympische Winterspiele (OWS) – Peking, CHN\""}]},{"reference":"\"Эксклюзив: Игры-2022 в Пекине станут триумфальным успехом мирового спорта – член НОК Азербайджана Р. Аббасов\" [Exclusive: 2022 Games in Beijing will become a triumphant success of world sport – member of the NOC of Azerbaijan R. Abbasov]. Xinhua News Agency (in Russian). 28 November 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://russian.news.cn/2021-11/28/c_1310338262.htm","url_text":"\"Эксклюзив: Игры-2022 в Пекине станут триумфальным успехом мирового спорта – член НОК Азербайджана Р. Аббасов\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency","url_text":"Xinhua News Agency"}]},{"reference":"Team BY [@olympicteamby] (18 January 2022). \"⚡️На Играх в Пекине в фигурном ⛸ катании Беларусь 🇧🇾 представят\" [⚡️At the Beijing Games in figure skating ⛸ Belarus 🇧🇾 will present] – via Instagram.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"Team BY [@olympicteamby]"},{"url":"https://www.instagram.com/p/CY04TK6oq4g/","url_text":"\"⚡️На Играх в Пекине в фигурном ⛸ катании Беларусь 🇧🇾 представят\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram","url_text":"Instagram"}]},{"reference":"\"BOIC maakt eerste selectie voor Beijing 2022 bekend\" [BOIC announces first selection for Beijing 2022] (in Dutch). Belgian Olympic Committee. 28 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://teambelgium.be/nl/artikel/boic-maakt-eerste-selectie-voor-beijing-2022-bekend","url_text":"\"BOIC maakt eerste selectie voor Beijing 2022 bekend\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"Belgian Olympic Committee"}]},{"reference":"\"Най-добрите ни състезатели ще участват на държавното първенство по фигурно пързаляне\" [Our best athletes will participate in the national figure skating championship]. Bulgarian National Radio (in Bulgarian). 24 November 2021. [Alexandra Feigin] will be the only Bulgarian participant in the figure skating tournament at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.","urls":[{"url":"https://bnr.bg/horizont/post/101562672","url_text":"\"Най-добрите ни състезатели ще участват на държавното първенство по фигурно пързаляне\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio","url_text":"Bulgarian National Radio"}]},{"reference":"\"13 Figure Skaters Nominated to Represent Team Canada at Beijing 2022\" (Press release). Skate Canada. 9 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://skatecanada.ca/2022/01/13-figure-skaters-nominated-to-represent-team-canada-at-beijing-2022/","url_text":"\"13 Figure Skaters Nominated to Represent Team Canada at Beijing 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skate_Canada","url_text":"Skate Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"花样滑冰单人滑项目北京冬奥会运动员选拔办法\" [The selection method of figure skating singles athletes for the Beijing Winter Olympics] (in Chinese). General Administration of Sport of China. 11 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sport.gov.cn/dyzx/n5169/c23811297/content.html","url_text":"\"花样滑冰单人滑项目北京冬奥会运动员选拔办法\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Administration_of_Sport_of_China","url_text":"General Administration of Sport of China"}]},{"reference":"Ice & Snow Sports Official Blog (16 January 2022). \"花样滑冰国内选拔赛结束 金博洋朱易搭上冬奥班车\" [Figure skating domestic trials end, Jin Boyang and Zhu Yi to the Winter Olympics] (in Chinese) – via Weibo.","urls":[{"url":"https://weibo.com/ttarticle/x/m/show/id/2309404726386442240210?_wb_client_=1","url_text":"\"花样滑冰国内选拔赛结束 金博洋朱易搭上冬奥班车\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina_Weibo","url_text":"Weibo"}]},{"reference":"\"Muž, žena i pár. Česko má pro Peking jistá místa ve třech krasobruslařských kategoriích\" [Man, lady and pair. The Czech Republic has earned places for Beijing in three figure skating categories]. iDNES.cz (in Czech). 1 April 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.idnes.cz/sport/ostatni/krasobrusleni-nominace-olympiada-peking.A210401_181452_sporty_ten","url_text":"\"Muž, žena i pár. Česko má pro Peking jistá místa ve třech krasobruslařských kategoriích\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mohla z toho být i medaile, litují Taschlerovi po zdárné kvalifikaci na ZOH\" [It could have been a medal, they regret – Taschlers after a successful qualification for the Olympics]. iDNES.cz (in Czech). 26 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.idnes.cz/oh/peking-2022/natalie-filip-taschlerovi-kvalifikace-zoh.A210926_134304_sporty_ipet","url_text":"\"Mohla z toho být i medaile, litují Taschlerovi po zdárné kvalifikaci na ZOH\""}]},{"reference":"Pahv, Peep (12 December 2021). \"Võimsalt rekordit parandanud Selevko läheb olümpiale, aga ei pääse EM-ile\" [Selevko, who has greatly improved the record, will go to the Olympics, but will not be able to reach the European Championships]. Delfi Sport (in Estonian).","urls":[{"url":"https://sport.delfi.ee/artikkel/95373401/voimsalt-rekordit-parandanud-selevko-laheb-olumpiale-aga-ei-paase-em-ile","url_text":"\"Võimsalt rekordit parandanud Selevko läheb olümpiale, aga ei pääse EM-ile\""}]},{"reference":"\"ILUUISUTAMISE KOONDISE PROJEKT 2018 – 2022: Hooaeg 2021/2022 – Olümpiamängudele lähetamise tingimuse\" [Skating Competition Project 2018 – 2022: Season 2021/2022 – Criteria for dispatch to the Olympic Games] (in Estonian). Estonian Skating Union. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211206062931/https://www.uisuliit.ee/KP-2021-22#page=11","url_text":"\"ILUUISUTAMISE KOONDISE PROJEKT 2018 – 2022: Hooaeg 2021/2022 – Olümpiamängudele lähetamise tingimuse\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Skating_Union","url_text":"Estonian Skating Union"},{"url":"https://www.uisuliit.ee/KP-2021-22#page=11","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Ensimmäiset olympiavalinnat Pekingiin: Suomen joukkueeseen 16 urheilijaa ja jääkiekkojoukkueet\" [First Olympic selections to Beijing: 16 athletes and hockey teams for the Finnish team]. Finnish Olympic Committee. 20 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.olympiakomitea.fi/2021/12/20/ensimmaiset-olympiavalinnat-pekingiin-suomen-joukkueeseen-16-urheilijaa-ja-jaakiekkojoukkueet/","url_text":"\"Ensimmäiset olympiavalinnat Pekingiin: Suomen joukkueeseen 16 urheilijaa ja jääkiekkojoukkueet\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"Finnish Olympic Committee"}]},{"reference":"\"Jenni Saarinen on valittu edustamaan Suomea Pekingin 2022 talviolympialaisiin\" [Jenni Saarinen has been chosen to represent Finland at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing] (in Finnish). Suomen Taitoluisteluliitto. 24 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stll.fi/2022/01/24/jenni-saarinen-on-valittu-edustamaan-suomea-pekingin-2022-talviolympialaisiin/","url_text":"\"Jenni Saarinen on valittu edustamaan Suomea Pekingin 2022 talviolympialaisiin\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Figure_Skating_Association","url_text":"Suomen Taitoluisteluliitto"}]},{"reference":"Fédération Française des Sports de Glace (21 December 2021). \"Nous avons l'honneur de vous dévoiler la liste de nos représentants français en patinage artistique pour les JEUX OLYMPIQUES de Pékin, du 4 au 20 février 2022\" [We have the honor to reveal to you the list of our French representatives in figure skating for the OLYMPIC GAMES in Beijing, from 4 to 20 February 2022] (in French) – via Facebook.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Federation_of_Ice_Sports","url_text":"Fédération Française des Sports de Glace"},{"url":"https://www.facebook.com/sportsdeglace/posts/5378969675452810","url_text":"\"Nous avons l'honneur de vous dévoiler la liste de nos représentants français en patinage artistique pour les JEUX OLYMPIQUES de Pékin, du 4 au 20 février 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook","url_text":"Facebook"}]},{"reference":"Georgian Figure Skating Federation [@figureskatinggeorgia] (18 January 2022). \"FINAL OLYMPIC TEAM ANNOUNCEMENT FOR #TEAMGEORGIA\" – via Instagram.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.instagram.com/p/CY4kSsKI_mo/","url_text":"\"FINAL OLYMPIC TEAM ANNOUNCEMENT FOR #TEAMGEORGIA\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram","url_text":"Instagram"}]},{"reference":"\"Olympische Winterspiele 2022: DEU schlägt Eiskunstlauf-Team für DOSB-Nominierung vor\" [Olympic Winter Games 2022: DEU proposes figure skating team for DOSB nomination] (in German). Deutsche Eislauf-Union. 15 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.eislauf-union.de/media1/news/750-olympische-winterspiele-2022-%20deu-schl%C3%A4gt-eiskunstlauf-team-f%C3%BCr-dosb-nominierung-vor","url_text":"\"Olympische Winterspiele 2022: DEU schlägt Eiskunstlauf-Team für DOSB-Nominierung vor\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Ice_Skating_Union","url_text":"Deutsche Eislauf-Union"}]},{"reference":"\"Three Figure Skaters selected to represent Team GB at Beijing 2022\". British Ice Skating. 16 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.iceskating.org.uk/post/three-figure-skaters-selected-to-represent-team-gb-at-beijing-2022","url_text":"\"Three Figure Skaters selected to represent Team GB at Beijing 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Ice_Skating","url_text":"British Ice Skating"}]},{"reference":"\"4 Nemzet Bajnoksága – Éremeső a szombati zárónapon!\" [4 Nations Championship – Medalists on Saturday closing day!] (in Hungarian). Hungarian Skating Federation. 19 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://hunskate.hu/hirek/szovetseg/4-nemzet-bajnoksaga-eremeso-a-szombati-zaronapon","url_text":"\"4 Nemzet Bajnoksága – Éremeső a szombati zárónapon!\""}]},{"reference":"\"המחליקים האומנותיים על הקרח שייצגו את ישראל במשחקי החורף האולימפיים בבייג'ינג נראו היום בפעילות בהיכל הקרח בחולון\" [The figure skaters that will represent Israel at the Olympic Winter Games in Beijing were seen today at the ice rink in Holon] (in Hebrew). Olympic Committee of Israel. 17 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.olympicsil.co.il/%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%90-%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%97-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%92%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%AA/","url_text":"\"המחליקים האומנותיים על הקרח שייצגו את ישראל במשחקי החורף האולימפיים בבייג'ינג נראו היום בפעילות בהיכל הקרח בחולון\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Committee_of_Israel","url_text":"Olympic Committee of Israel"}]},{"reference":"\"Italia Team: Pattinaggio di figura\" [Team Italy: Figure skating] (in Italian). Italian National Olympic Committee. 21 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://pechino2022.coni.it/italia-team.html?cognome=&disciplina=34®ione=0&provincia=0&cerca=#","url_text":"\"Italia Team: Pattinaggio di figura\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_National_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"Italian National Olympic Committee"}]},{"reference":"\"The 24th Olympic Winter Games (2022 / Beijing)\" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Skating Federation. 26 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.skatingjapan.or.jp/common/img/info/owg_2022.pdf","url_text":"\"The 24th Olympic Winter Games (2022 / Beijing)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Skating_Federation","url_text":"Japan Skating Federation"}]},{"reference":"Narog, Gints (4 November 2021). \"Februārī gaidāmajās Pekinas olimpiskajās spēlēs pirmo reizi var startēt vairāk par 60 Latvijas sportistiem\" [More than 60 Latvian athletes can compete in the Beijing Olympics in February for the first time]. LA.LV (in Latvian).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.la.lv/pekina-var-but-rekords","url_text":"\"Februārī gaidāmajās Pekinas olimpiskajās spēlēs pirmo reizi var startēt vairāk par 60 Latvijas sportistiem\""}]},{"reference":"Suslavičius, Rokas (1 October 2021). \"Lithuanian ice dancers may forgo Olympics after president rejects citizenship application\". Lithuanian National Radio and Television.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1509880/lithuanian-ice-dancers-may-forgo-olympics-after-president-rejects-citizenship-application","url_text":"\"Lithuanian ice dancers may forgo Olympics after president rejects citizenship application\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television","url_text":"Lithuanian National Radio and Television"}]},{"reference":"\"Prezidentūra tarė žodį – Allison Reed Lietuvos pilietybės negaus\" [The presidency said that Allison Reed would not receive Lithuanian citizenship]. Lithuanian National Radio and Television (in Lithuanian). 3 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/sportas/10/1577282/prezidentura-tare-zodi-allison-reed-lietuvos-pilietybes-negaus","url_text":"\"Prezidentūra tarė žodį – Allison Reed Lietuvos pilietybės negaus\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television","url_text":"Lithuanian National Radio and Television"}]},{"reference":"\"Olimpinėse žaidynėse Reed su Ambrulevičiumi tikrai nebus, Vanagienė jau svajoja apie dvi poras 2026-aisiais\" [Reed and Ambrulevičius will definitely not be at the Olympics, Vanagienė is already dreaming about two couples in 2026]. Lithuanian National Radio and Television (in Lithuanian). 24 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/sportas/10/1596245/olimpinese-zaidynese-reed-su-ambruleviciumi-tikrai-nebus-vanagiene-jau-svajoja-apie-dvi-poras-2026-aisiais","url_text":"\"Olimpinėse žaidynėse Reed su Ambrulevičiumi tikrai nebus, Vanagienė jau svajoja apie dvi poras 2026-aisiais\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television","url_text":"Lithuanian National Radio and Television"}]},{"reference":"Agencia Reforma (1 April 2021). \"Patinador artístico mexicano Donovan Carrillo clasifica a Juegos Olímpicos\" [Mexican figure skater Donovan Carrillo qualifies for the Olympics]. Los Angeles Times (in Spanish).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.latimes.com/espanol/deportes/articulo/2021-04-01/patinador-artistico-mexicano-donovan-carrillo-clasifica-a-juegos-olimpicos","url_text":"\"Patinador artístico mexicano Donovan Carrillo clasifica a Juegos Olímpicos\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"}]},{"reference":"McAdams, Tom (24 November 2021). \"With Van Zundert, a Dutch figure skater participates in the Games for the first time since 1976\". Netherlands News Live. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211124233907/https://netherlandsnewslive.com/with-van-zundert-a-dutch-figure-skater-participates-in-the-games-for-the-first-time-since-1976-other-sports/292298/","url_text":"\"With Van Zundert, a Dutch figure skater participates in the Games for the first time since 1976\""},{"url":"https://netherlandsnewslive.com/with-van-zundert-a-dutch-figure-skater-participates-in-the-games-for-the-first-time-since-1976-other-sports/292298/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Pekin 2022: sto dni do zimowych igrzysk. Troje Biało-Czerwonych z pewną kwalifikacją\" [Beijing 2022: One Hundred Days Until the Winter Games. Three White and Reds with a certain qualification]. Polskie Radio (in Polish). 26 October 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.polskieradio24.pl/5/4147/Artykul/2834053,Pekin-2022-znamy-pierwsze-zasady-bezpieczenstwa-na-igrzyskach-Organizatorzy-sa-ostrozni","url_text":"\"Pekin 2022: sto dni do zimowych igrzysk. Troje Biało-Czerwonych z pewną kwalifikacją\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskie_Radio","url_text":"Polskie Radio"}]},{"reference":"\"ФФККР объявила состав олимпийской сборной России по фигурному катанию\" [FFKKR announced the composition of the Russian Olympic figure skating team] (in Russian). Figure Skating Federation of Russia. 20 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fsrussia.ru/news/5958-ffkkr-obyavila-sostav-olimpijskoj-sbornoj-rossii-po-figurnomu-kataniyu.html","url_text":"\"ФФККР объявила состав олимпийской сборной России по фигурному катанию\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_Skating_Federation_of_Russia","url_text":"Figure Skating Federation of Russia"}]},{"reference":"Kim, Kyung-yoon (9 January 2022). \"'피겨 요정' 유영, 생애 첫 올림픽 출전 확정…2차 선발전 우승\" ['Figure skating fairy' You Young confirmed to participate in the first Olympics in her life...2nd round win]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220109042300007","url_text":"\"'피겨 요정' 유영, 생애 첫 올림픽 출전 확정…2차 선발전 우승\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonhap_News_Agency","url_text":"Yonhap News Agency"}]},{"reference":"\"Histórica plaza olímpica para Laura Barquero y Marco Zandrón\" [Historic Olympic quota for Laura Barquero and Marco Zandrón] (in Spanish). Real Federación Española de Deportes de Hielo. 24 September 2021. The RFEDH has decided, taking into account all the circumstances and their recent performance in Oberstdorf, that Barquero & Zandrón will be the couple that represents Spain in Beijing next February.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rfedh.es/historica-plaza-olimpica-para-laura-barquero-y-marco-zandron/","url_text":"\"Histórica plaza olímpica para Laura Barquero y Marco Zandrón\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Ice_Sports_Federation","url_text":"Real Federación Española de Deportes de Hielo"}]},{"reference":"Comité Olímpico Español [@COE_es] (15 January 2022). \"¡@oliviaxsmart & @AdrianDiazBron sellan su billete al sueño olímpico de #Beijing2022!\" [¡@oliviaxsmart & @AdrianDiazBron seal their ticket to the #Beijing2022 Olympic dream!] (Tweet) – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Olympic_Committee","url_text":"Comité Olímpico Español [@COE_es]"},{"url":"https://x.com/COE_es/status/1482371233056493570","url_text":"\"¡@oliviaxsmart & @AdrianDiazBron sellan su billete al sueño olímpico de #Beijing2022!\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)","url_text":"Tweet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"\"Taljegård och Majorov klara för OS\" [Taljegård and Majorov ready for the Olympics] (in Swedish). Skate Sweden. 18 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://skatesweden.se/nyheter/taljegard-och-majorov-klara-for-os/","url_text":"\"Taljegård och Majorov klara för OS\""}]},{"reference":"Swiss Olympic Team [@swissteam] (18 January 2022). \"Welcome to the Swiss Olympic Team @Beijing2022\" (Tweet) – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Olympic_Association","url_text":"Swiss Olympic Team [@swissteam]"},{"url":"https://x.com/swissteam/status/1483438735014432774","url_text":"\"Welcome to the Swiss Olympic Team @Beijing2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)","url_text":"Tweet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"\"Затверджено склад збірної України на Ігри-2022, в числі олімпійців – шестеро фігуристів\" [The composition of the national team of Ukraine for the 2022 Games has been approved, among the Olympians – six skaters] (in Ukrainian). Ukrainian Figure Skating Federation. 22 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://ufsf.com.ua/%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%be-%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b4-%d0%b7%d0%b1%d1%96%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%97-%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%97%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bd%d0%b0/","url_text":"\"Затверджено склад збірної України на Ігри-2022, в числі олімпійців – шестеро фігуристів\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Figure Skating Announces Women's Nominations for 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team\" (Press release). U.S. Figure Skating. 8 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/press-release/us-figure-skating-announces-womens-nominations-2022-us-olympic-figure-skating","url_text":"\"U.S. Figure Skating Announces Women's Nominations for 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating","url_text":"U.S. Figure Skating"}]},{"reference":"\"Pairs 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team Nominated\" (Press release). U.S. Figure Skating. 9 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/press-release/pairs-2022-us-olympic-figure-skating-team-nominated","url_text":"\"Pairs 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team Nominated\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating","url_text":"U.S. Figure Skating"}]},{"reference":"\"Ice Dance 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team Nominated\" (Press release). U.S. Figure Skating. 9 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/press-release/ice-dance-2022-us-olympic-figure-skating-team-nominated","url_text":"\"Ice Dance 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team Nominated\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating","url_text":"U.S. Figure Skating"}]},{"reference":"\"Men's 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team Nominated\" (Press release). U.S. Figure Skating. 9 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/press-release/mens-2022-us-olympic-figure-skating-team-nominated","url_text":"\"Men's 2022 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team Nominated\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating","url_text":"U.S. Figure Skating"}]},{"reference":"\"В составе олимпийской сборной России произошла замена: Михаила Коляду заменил Евгений Семененко\" [There was a change in the composition of the Russian Olympic team: Mikhail Kolyada was replaced by Evgeni Semenenko] (in Russian). Figure Skating Federation of Russia. 25 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fsrussia.ru/news/5971-v-sostave-olimpijskoj-sbornoj-rossii-proizoshla-zamena-mikhaila-kolyadu-zamnil-evgenij-semenenko.html","url_text":"\"В составе олимпийской сборной России произошла замена: Михаила Коляду заменил Евгений Семененко\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_Skating_Federation_of_Russia","url_text":"Figure Skating Federation of Russia"}]},{"reference":"\"Team Event – Pair Skating – Short Program Results – Olympic Figure Skating\". BOCWOG. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220127023409/https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/figure-skating/results-team-event-qual-0003pr-.htm","url_text":"\"Team Event – Pair Skating – Short Program Results – Olympic Figure Skating\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organising_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games","url_text":"BOCWOG"},{"url":"https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/figure-skating/results-team-event-qual-0003pr-.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Results Details\" (PDF). BOCWOG. 8 February 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/static/owg2022/pdf/OWG2022/FSK/OWG2022_FSK_C77A_FSKXTEAM--------------QUAL0003PR--.pdf","url_text":"\"Results Details\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Organising_Committee_for_the_2022_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Winter_Games","url_text":"BOCWOG"}]},{"reference":"\"Judges Details per Skater\" (PDF). BOCWOG. 8 February 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2022. 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Only one is banned\""},{"Link":"https://au.sports.yahoo.com/winter-olympics-2022-spanish-skater-fresh-doping-storm-195328933.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAANGTb8Utg5Vkphu5PDMy3r4R8NVaj5E0gOiXTCa_wGhyNWALiHwUfYyQ-E6EGE6_ETsO01JhPf0zfwVOKKn1k3AgPgSWs9ankmurF0Xl4QEiRnl0fUMk585Uh5XjkFBqbpv1zhG24nUQ4rHZdLuOWop8PUXH6eJ07fGpV6Ebl44V","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q52SeSRjB1E","external_links_name":"[2]"},{"Link":"https://www.hjnews.com/sports/nation/russia-grand-prix-figure-skating-valieva/image_6fcca14d-892d-5da6-87ee-8498be2dcc28.html","external_links_name":"\"Russia Grand Prix Figure Skating Valieva\""},{"Link":"https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2022/11/14/kamila-valieva-doping-figure-skating/","external_links_name":"[3]"},{"Link":"https://www.beijing2022.cn/en/olympics_/figure_skating.htm","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://results.isu.org/results/season2122/owg2022/","external_links_name":"Results"},{"Link":"https://library.olympics.com/default/digitalCollection/DigitalCollectionAttachmentDownloadHandler.ashx?parentDocumentId=1568639&documentId=1854887","external_links_name":"Official Results Book – Figure Skating"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_City_Cup | 1949–50 City Cup | ["1 Group standings","2 References","3 External links"] | Football tournament season
1949–50 City CupTournament detailsCountry Northern IrelandTeams12Defending championsBelfast CelticFinal positionsChampionsLinfield (17th win)Runner-upDerry CityTournament statisticsMatches played68Goals scored279 (4.1 per match)← 1948–491950–51 →
The 1949–50 City Cup was the 45th edition of the City Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.
The tournament was won by Linfield for the 17th time.
Group standings
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GR
Pts
Result
1
Linfield (C)
11
8
1
2
35
12
2.917
17
Champions
2
Derry City
11
7
2
2
33
22
1.500
16
3
Ards
11
7
1
3
30
16
1.875
15
4
Distillery
11
6
3
2
17
12
1.417
15
5
Bangor
11
5
1
5
20
15
1.333
11
6
Glentoran
11
5
1
5
15
14
1.071
11
7
Crusaders
11
4
2
5
13
16
0.813
10
8
Ballymena United
11
3
4
4
12
18
0.667
10
9
Glenavon
11
3
2
6
20
23
0.870
8
10
Cliftonville
11
2
3
6
12
26
0.462
7
11
Coleraine
11
2
2
7
19
34
0.559
6
12
Portadown
11
2
2
7
14
32
0.438
6
Source: Irish League Archive(C) Champions
References
^ "Irish League Archive, City Cup". Irish League Archive. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^ "City Cup Results". Irish League Archive. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^ "City Cup Tables". Irish League Archive. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
External links
Northern Ireland - List of City Cup Winners
vteCity CupCity Cup
1894–95
1895–96
1896–97
1897–98
1898–99
1899–00
1900–01
1901–02
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1904–05
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1906–07
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1937–38
1938–39
1939–40
1940–41
1941–42
1942–43
1943–44
1944–45
1945–46
1946–47
1947–48
1948–49
1949–50
1950–51
1951–52
1952–53
1953–54
1954–55
1955–56
1956–57
1957–58
1958–59
1959–60
1960–61
1961–62
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1965–66
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
1969–70
1970–71
1971–72
1972–73
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
Belfast City Cup
1915–16
1916–17
1917–18
1918–19
vte Association football in Northern IrelandIrish Football Association - Northern Ireland Women's Football AssociationNational teams
Northern Ireland (history)
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U-23
U-21
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Juniors
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LeaguesMen
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Women's Premiership
Championship 1
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Domestic cupsMen
Irish Cup
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Bob Radcliffe Cup
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Women
IFA Women's Challenge Cup
NIFL Women's Premiership League Cup
All-Island Cup
Defunct leagues
Irish Intermediate League
IFA Interim Intermediate League
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Defunct cups
Gold Cup
Ulster Cup
City Cup
Floodlit Cup
Carlsberg Cup
Top Four Cup
Belfast Charity Cup
Alhambra Cup
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McElroy Cup
Setanta Sports Cup
Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup
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Awards
Ulster Footballer of the Year
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Sunday football in Northern Ireland
List of clubs
List of grounds
Records | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"City Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Cup_(Northern_Ireland)"},{"link_name":"Northern Irish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irish"},{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Linfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linfield_F.C."},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"The 1949–50 City Cup was the 45th edition of the City Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.[1]The tournament was won by Linfield for the 17th time.[2][3]","title":"1949–50 City Cup"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Irish League Archive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.irishleaguearchive.org/city-cup-tables"}],"text":"Source: Irish League Archive(C) Champions","title":"Group standings"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Irish League Archive, City Cup\". Irish League Archive. Retrieved 20 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishleaguearchive.org/northern-ireland","url_text":"\"Irish League Archive, City Cup\""}]},{"reference":"\"City Cup Results\". Irish League Archive. Retrieved 20 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishleaguearchive.org/city-cup","url_text":"\"City Cup Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"City Cup Tables\". Irish League Archive. Retrieved 20 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishleaguearchive.org/city-cup-tables","url_text":"\"City Cup Tables\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.irishleaguearchive.org/city-cup-tables","external_links_name":"Irish League Archive"},{"Link":"https://www.irishleaguearchive.org/northern-ireland","external_links_name":"\"Irish League Archive, City Cup\""},{"Link":"https://www.irishleaguearchive.org/city-cup","external_links_name":"\"City Cup Results\""},{"Link":"https://www.irishleaguearchive.org/city-cup-tables","external_links_name":"\"City Cup Tables\""},{"Link":"https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nilcitycuphist.html","external_links_name":"Northern Ireland - List of City Cup Winners"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_exhibit | Travelling exhibition | ["1 See also","2 References"] | Exhibition presented at more than one venue.
Travelling exhibition of WLMMX 2013's winning photographs at UNAM's School of Philosophy and Literature (Mexico City)
A travelling exhibition, also referred to as a "travelling exhibit" or a "touring exhibition", is a type of exhibition that is presented at more than one venue.
Temporary exhibitions can bring together objects that might be dispersed among several collections, to reconstruct an original context such as an artist's career or a patron's collection, or to propose connections – perhaps the result of recent research – which give new insights or a different way of understanding items in museum collections. The whole exhibition, usually with associated services, including insurance, shipping, storage, conservation, mounting, set up, etc., can then be loaned to one or more venues to lengthen the life of the exhibition and to allow the widest possible audiences – regionally, nationally or internationally – to experience these objects and the stories they contain. Such collaborations can add interest to museums where displays of permanent collections might change only slowly, helping to provide fresh interpretations or more complete stories and attract new audiences. They also provide fresh ideas and breathing space for organisations which have exhibition spaces but lack permanent collections.
To have more than one location for the same exhibition can benefit the organiser because it can then share a part of the production costs among the venues, so museums and galleries frequently use touring as a cost-efficient way of promoting access to their collections. For organisers and their venues, touring exhibitions are important for sharing ideas (for example, promoting techniques for providing for visitors with visual impairments or producing displays which examine current or topical issues) and materials (especially objects that might not be seen in public frequently or even shown together), as well as resources (human as well as financial). Touring is a way of sharing with like-minded institutions and of achieving economies of scale which allow more ambitious projects to happen.
Travelling exhibitions are often supported by governmental organizations to promote access to knowledge and materials that might not be available locally. To acknowledge the importance of travelling exhibitions, in 1983 the International Council of Museums (ICOM) established the International Committee for Exhibition Exchange (ICEE) as a forum to discuss the different aspects of exhibition development, circulation and exchange.
Examples of Traveling Exhibitions
In celebration of the 200th year birthday of the founder, Louis Vuitton, Louis Vuitton's "200 Trunks, 200 Visionaries: The Exhibition" has gone on an international tour taking off from Asnieres-Sur-Siene, France and has since then traveled to Singapore, Beverly Hills and New York. The Exhibition displays the work of 200 visionaries across many different fields ranging from art to science inspired by the brands iconic trunk.
See also
Art exhibition
Museums Association - UK
National Touring Exhibitions - UK
Touring Exhibitions Group - UK
American Federation of Arts - USA
International Arts & Artists - USA
Smithsonian Institution, Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) - USA
References
^ Lord, Isabel. "Inside Louis Vuitton's '200 Trunks, 200 Visionaries' Exhibition In New York". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
ICOM — International Committee for Exhibition Exchange
A.Buck,Rebecca, Gilmore, Jean Allman. On the Road Again: Developing and Managing Traveling Exhibitions, American Association of Museums, Washington (2003 May), ISBN 0-931201-85-3
Followers of Fashion, National Touring Exhibitions (Hayward Gallery) (January 2002), ISBN 1-85332-221-0
Touring Exhibitions, the Touring Exhibitions Group’s Manual of Good Practice (ed. Mike Sixsmith. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995 ISBN 0-7506-2518-X). Second edition available on line on the Touring Exhibitions Group's website.
Morris, Jane. "Why tour an exhibition", in Museum Practice, Issue 32, Winter 2005, pp. 46–47.
Authority control databases: National
Czech Republic | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Exposici%C3%B3n_WLMMX_2013.JPG"},{"link_name":"exhibition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_exhibition"},{"link_name":"exhibition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_exhibition"},{"link_name":"museums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museums"},{"link_name":"galleries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_gallery"},{"link_name":"economies of scale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale"},{"link_name":"International Council of Museums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Museums"},{"link_name":"International Committee for Exhibition Exchange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_for_Exhibition_Exchange"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Travelling exhibition of WLMMX 2013's winning photographs at UNAM's School of Philosophy and Literature (Mexico City)A travelling exhibition, also referred to as a \"travelling exhibit\" or a \"touring exhibition\", is a type of exhibition that is presented at more than one venue.Temporary exhibitions can bring together objects that might be dispersed among several collections, to reconstruct an original context such as an artist's career or a patron's collection, or to propose connections – perhaps the result of recent research – which give new insights or a different way of understanding items in museum collections. The whole exhibition, usually with associated services, including insurance, shipping, storage, conservation, mounting, set up, etc., can then be loaned to one or more venues to lengthen the life of the exhibition and to allow the widest possible audiences – regionally, nationally or internationally – to experience these objects and the stories they contain. Such collaborations can add interest to museums where displays of permanent collections might change only slowly, helping to provide fresh interpretations or more complete stories and attract new audiences. They also provide fresh ideas and breathing space for organisations which have exhibition spaces but lack permanent collections.To have more than one location for the same exhibition can benefit the organiser because it can then share a part of the production costs among the venues, so museums and galleries frequently use touring as a cost-efficient way of promoting access to their collections. For organisers and their venues, touring exhibitions are important for sharing ideas (for example, promoting techniques for providing for visitors with visual impairments or producing displays which examine current or topical issues) and materials (especially objects that might not be seen in public frequently or even shown together), as well as resources (human as well as financial). Touring is a way of sharing with like-minded institutions and of achieving economies of scale which allow more ambitious projects to happen.Travelling exhibitions are often supported by governmental organizations to promote access to knowledge and materials that might not be available locally. To acknowledge the importance of travelling exhibitions, in 1983 the International Council of Museums (ICOM) established the International Committee for Exhibition Exchange (ICEE) as a forum to discuss the different aspects of exhibition development, circulation and exchange.Examples of Traveling ExhibitionsIn celebration of the 200th year birthday of the founder, Louis Vuitton, Louis Vuitton's \"200 Trunks, 200 Visionaries: The Exhibition\" has gone on an international tour taking off from Asnieres-Sur-Siene, France and has since then traveled to Singapore, Beverly Hills and New York. 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Forbes. Retrieved 2022-11-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/isabellord/2022/10/14/inside-louis-vuittons-200-trunks-200-visionaries-exhibition-in-new-york/","url_text":"\"Inside Louis Vuitton's '200 Trunks, 200 Visionaries' Exhibition In New York\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.sites.si.edu/s/","external_links_name":"Smithsonian Institution, Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES)"},{"Link":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/isabellord/2022/10/14/inside-louis-vuittons-200-trunks-200-visionaries-exhibition-in-new-york/","external_links_name":"\"Inside Louis Vuitton's '200 Trunks, 200 Visionaries' Exhibition In New York\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080922024824/http://www.ballodora.de/icee/","external_links_name":"ICOM — International Committee for Exhibition Exchange"},{"Link":"http://www.teg.org.uk/","external_links_name":"Touring Exhibitions Group's website"},{"Link":"https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1062774&CON_LNG=ENG","external_links_name":"Czech Republic"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyserositis | Familial Mediterranean fever | ["1 Signs and symptoms","1.1 Attacks","1.2 Diagnostic criteria","1.3 Complications","2 Genetics","3 Pathophysiology","4 Diagnosis","5 Treatment","6 Epidemiology","7 History","8 See also","9 References","10 External links"] | Medical conditionFamilial Mediterranean feverFamilial Mediterranean fever has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritanceSpecialtyRheumatology, Immunology
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary inflammatory disorder.: 149 FMF is an autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in Mediterranean fever gene, which encodes a 781–amino acid protein called pyrin. While all ethnic groups are susceptible to FMF, it usually occurs in people of Mediterranean origin—including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Ashkenazi Jews, Assyrians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Druze, Levantines, Kurds, Greeks, Turks and Italians.
The disorder has been given various names, including familial paroxysmal polyserositis, periodic peritonitis, recurrent polyserositis, benign paroxysmal peritonitis, periodic disease or periodic fever, Reimann periodic disease or Reimann syndrome, Siegal-Cattan-Mamou disease, and Wolff periodic disease. Note that "periodic fever" can also refer to any of the periodic fever syndromes.
Signs and symptoms
Attacks
There are seven types of attacks. Ninety percent of all patients have their first attack before they are eighteen years old. All develop over two to four hours and last anywhere from six hours to five days. Most attacks involve fever.
Abdominal attacks, featuring abdominal pain, affect the whole abdomen with all signs of peritonitis (inflammation of abdominal lining), and acute abdominal pain like appendicitis. They occur in 95 percent of all patients and may lead to unnecessary laparotomy. Incomplete attacks, with local tenderness and normal blood tests, have been reported.
Joint attacks mainly occur in large joints, especially in the legs. Usually, only one joint is affected. Seventy-five percent of all FMF patients experience joint attacks.
Chest attacks include pleuritis (inflammation of the pleura) and pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium). Pleuritis occurs in 40 percent of patients and makes it difficult to breathe or lie flat, but pericarditis is rare.
Scrotal attacks due to inflammation of the tunica vaginalis are somewhat rare but may be mistaken for testicular torsion.
Myalgia (rare in isolation)
Erysipeloid rashes (a skin reaction on the legs that can mimic cellulitis, rare in isolation)Erysipeloid rashes in Familial Mediterranean Fever
Diagnostic criteria
Various diagnostic criteria have been set, but the Tel-Hashomer clinical criteria are widely recognized. It has more than 95 percent and 97 percent sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
For the criteria, typical attacks consist of all the following: recurrent (three or more episodes), febrile (rectal temperature of at least 38 °C), painful inflammation, and a short duration of 12 to 72 hours.
Incomplete attacks (must be recurrent) are differing from typical attacks in at least one feature as follows: temperature less than 38 °C, attack duration longer or shorter than specified (but no less than six hours and no more than seven days), localized abdominal attacks, no signs of peritonitis during the attacks, and arthritis in a location other than the hip, knee or ankle.
Complications
AA-amyloidosis with kidney failure may develop without overt crises. AA amyloid protein is produced in very large quantities during attacks and at a low rate between them, accumulating mainly in the kidney, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid.
There appears to be an increased risk of certain vasculitis-related diseases (e.g., Henoch–Schönlein purpura, polyarteritis nodosa, and Behçet's disease), spondylarthropathy, prolonged arthritis of certain joints, and protracted myalgia.
Genetics
The MEFV gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13). Many different mutations of the MEFV gene can cause the disorder. Having one mutation is unlikely to cause the condition. Having two mutations (either a copy from both parents, or two different mutations with one from each parent) is the threshold for a genetic diagnosis of FMF. However, most individuals who comply with the genetic diagnosis of FMF remain asymptomatic or undiagnosed. Whether this is due to modifier genes or environmental factors remains to be established.
Pathophysiology
Virtually all cases are due to a mutation in the Mediterranean Fever (MEFV) gene on the chromosome 16, which codes for a protein called pyrin or marenostrin. Various mutations of this gene lead to FMF, although some mutations cause a more severe picture than others. Mutations occur mainly in exons 2, 3, 5 and 10.
The function of pyrin is not fully known, but in short, it is a protein that binds to the adaptor ASC and the proform of the enzyme caspase-1 to generate multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes in response to certain infections. In healthy individuals, pyrin-mediated inflammasome assembly (which leads to the caspase 1) dependent processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β) is a response to enterotoxins from certain bacteria. The gain-of-function mutations in the MEFV gene cause pyrin more active in the body, which results in an increase in inflammasome formation.
In its basal state, pyrin is kept inactive by a chaperone protein (belonging to the family of 14.3.3 proteins) linked to pyrin through phosphorylated serine residues. The dephosphorylation of pyrin is an essential prerequisite for the activation of the pyrin inflammasome. Inactivation of RhoA GTPases (by bacterial toxins, for example) leads to the inactivation of PKN1 / PKN2 kinases and dephosphorylation of pyrin. In healthy subjects, the dephosphorylation step alone does not cause activation of the pyrin inflammasome. In contrast, in FMF patients, the dephosphorylation of serines is sufficient to trigger the activation of the pyrin inflammasome. This suggests that there is a two-level regulation and that the second regulatory mechanism (independent of (de)phosphorylation) is deficient in FMF patients. This deficient mechanism is probably located at the level of the B30.2 domain (exon 10) where most of the pathogenic mutations associated with FMF are located. It is probably the interaction of this domain with the cytoskeleton (microtubules) that is failing, as suggested by the efficacy of colchicine.
It is not conclusively known what exactly sets off the attacks or why overproduction of IL-1 would lead to particular symptoms in particular organs, such as joints or the peritoneal cavity. However, steroid hormone catabolites (pregnanolone and etiocholanolone) have been shown to activate the pyrin inflammasome in vitro by interacting with the B30.2 domain (coded by exon 10).
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is clinically made on the basis of the history of typical attacks, especially in patients from the ethnic groups in which FMF is more highly prevalent. An acute phase response is present during attacks, with high C-reactive protein levels, an elevated white blood cell count and other markers of inflammation. In patients with a long history of attacks, monitoring the kidney function is of importance in predicting chronic kidney failure.
A genetic test is also available to detect mutations in the MEFV gene. Sequencing of exons 2, 3, 5, and 10 of this gene detects an estimated 97% of all known mutations.
A specific and highly sensitive test for FMF is the "metaraminol provocative test (MPT)", whereby a single 10 mg infusion of metaraminol is administered to the patient. A positive diagnosis is made if the patient presents with a typical, albeit milder, FMF attack within 48 hours. As MPT is more specific than sensitive, it does not identify all cases of FMF, although a positive MPT can be very useful.
Treatment
Attacks are self-limiting, and require analgesia and NSAIDs (such as diclofenac). Colchicine, a drug otherwise mainly used in gout, decreases attack frequency in FMF patients. The exact way in which colchicine suppresses attacks is unclear. While this agent is not without side effects (such as abdominal pain and muscle pains), it may markedly improve quality of life in patients. The dosage is typically 1–2 mg a day. Development of amyloidosis is delayed with colchicine treatment. Interferon is being studied as a therapeutic modality. Some advise discontinuation of colchicine before and during pregnancy, but the data are inconsistent, and others feel it is safe to take colchicine during pregnancy.
Approximately 5–10% of FMF cases are resistant to colchicine therapy alone. In these cases, adding anakinra to the daily colchicine regimen has been successful. Canakinumab, an anti-interleukin-1-beta monoclonal antibody, has likewise been shown to be effective in controlling and preventing flare-ups in patients with colchicine-resistant FMF and in two additional autoinflammatory recurrent fever syndromes: mevolonate kinase deficiency (hyper-immunoglobulin D syndrome, or HIDS) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS).
Epidemiology
FMF affects groups of people originating from around the Levant or Eastern Mediterranean (hence its name); it is thus most prominent among those from or with ancestry from the regions including Arabs, Armenians, Jews (particularly Sephardi, Mizrahi, and to a lesser degree Ashkenazi Jews), and Turks.
History
A New York City allergist, Sheppard Siegal, first described the attacks of peritonitis in 1945; he termed this "benign paroxysmal peritonitis", as the disease course was essentially benign. Dr Hobart Reimann, working in the American University in Beirut, described a more complete picture which he termed "periodic disease". French physicians Henry Mamou and Roger Cattan described the complete disease with renal complications in 1952.
See also
List of cutaneous conditions
Urticarial syndromes
References
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^ synd/2503 at Who Named It?
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External links
Proteopedia 2wl1 information about the MEFV gene.
GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on Familial Mediterranean Fever
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
ClassificationDICD-10: E85.0ICD-9-CM: 277.31OMIM: 249100 608107MeSH: D010505DiseasesDB: 9836External resourcesMedlinePlus: 000363eMedicine: med/1410Patient UK: Familial Mediterranean feverGeneReviews: Familial Mediterranean FeverOrphanet: 342
vteAmyloidosisCommon amyloid forming proteins
AA
ATTR
Aβ2M
AL
Aβ/APP
AIAPP
ACal
APro
AANF
ACys
ABri
Systemic amyloidosis
AL amyloidosis
AA amyloidosis
Aβ2M/Haemodialysis-associated
AGel/Finnish type
AA/Familial Mediterranean fever
ATTR/Transthyretin-related hereditary
Organ-limited amyloidosisHeartAANF/Isolated atrialBrain
Familial amyloid neuropathy
ACys+ABri/Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Aβ/Alzheimer's disease
Kidney
AApoA1+AFib+ALys/Familial renal
Skin
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis
Amyloid purpura
Endocrine
Thyroid
ACal/Medullary thyroid cancer
Pituitary
APro/Prolactinoma
Pancreas
AIAPP/Insulinoma
Type 2 diabetes | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"hereditary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder"},{"link_name":"inflammatory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Andrews-1"},{"link_name":"Mediterranean fever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEFV"},{"link_name":"pyrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrin"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid-2"},{"link_name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea"},{"link_name":"Sephardic Jews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic_Jews"},{"link_name":"Mizrahi Jews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews"},{"link_name":"Ashkenazi Jews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Higher-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Familial_Mediterranean_fever:_preva-4"},{"link_name":"Assyrians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_People"},{"link_name":"Armenians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians"},{"link_name":"Azerbaijanis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis"},{"link_name":"Druze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze"},{"link_name":"Levantines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levantine_people"},{"link_name":"Kurds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds"},{"link_name":"Greeks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks"},{"link_name":"Turks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people"},{"link_name":"Italians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italians"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"peritonitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritonitis"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pubmedhealth-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-whonamedit-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ghr-11"},{"link_name":"periodic fever syndromes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_fever_syndrome"}],"text":"Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary inflammatory disorder.[1]: 149 FMF is an autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in Mediterranean fever gene, which encodes a 781–amino acid protein called pyrin.[2] While all ethnic groups are susceptible to FMF, it usually occurs in people of Mediterranean origin—including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Ashkenazi Jews,[3][4] Assyrians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Druze, Levantines, Kurds, Greeks, Turks and Italians.[5][6][7][8]The disorder has been given various names, including familial paroxysmal polyserositis, periodic peritonitis, recurrent polyserositis, benign paroxysmal peritonitis, periodic disease or periodic fever, Reimann periodic disease or Reimann syndrome, Siegal-Cattan-Mamou disease, and Wolff periodic disease.[9][10][11] Note that \"periodic fever\" can also refer to any of the periodic fever syndromes.","title":"Familial Mediterranean fever"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"fever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"abdominal pain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain"},{"link_name":"peritonitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritonitis"},{"link_name":"appendicitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicitis"},{"link_name":"laparotomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparotomy"},{"link_name":"pleuritis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuritis"},{"link_name":"pleura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleura"},{"link_name":"pericarditis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericarditis"},{"link_name":"pericardium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericardium"},{"link_name":"Scrotal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotum"},{"link_name":"tunica vaginalis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunica_vaginalis"},{"link_name":"testicular torsion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_torsion"},{"link_name":"Myalgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgia"},{"link_name":"Erysipeloid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erysipelas"},{"link_name":"cellulitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulitis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Erysipeloid_skin_rashes_in_Familial_Mediterranean_Fever.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Attacks","text":"There are seven types of attacks. Ninety percent of all patients have their first attack before they are eighteen years old. All develop over two to four hours and last anywhere from six hours to five days. Most attacks involve fever.[12]Abdominal attacks, featuring abdominal pain, affect the whole abdomen with all signs of peritonitis (inflammation of abdominal lining), and acute abdominal pain like appendicitis. They occur in 95 percent of all patients and may lead to unnecessary laparotomy. Incomplete attacks, with local tenderness and normal blood tests, have been reported.\nJoint attacks mainly occur in large joints, especially in the legs. Usually, only one joint is affected. Seventy-five percent of all FMF patients experience joint attacks.\nChest attacks include pleuritis (inflammation of the pleura) and pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium). Pleuritis occurs in 40 percent of patients and makes it difficult to breathe or lie flat, but pericarditis is rare.\nScrotal attacks due to inflammation of the tunica vaginalis are somewhat rare but may be mistaken for testicular torsion.\nMyalgia (rare in isolation)\nErysipeloid rashes (a skin reaction on the legs that can mimic cellulitis, rare in isolation)Erysipeloid rashes in Familial Mediterranean Fever","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sensitivity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity"},{"link_name":"specificity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"rectal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal"},{"link_name":"inflammation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation"},{"link_name":"temperature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature"},{"link_name":"abdominal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal"},{"link_name":"peritonitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritonitis"},{"link_name":"arthritis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis"},{"link_name":"hip","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip"},{"link_name":"knee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee"},{"link_name":"ankle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankle"}],"sub_title":"Diagnostic criteria","text":"Various diagnostic criteria have been set, but the Tel-Hashomer clinical criteria are widely recognized. It has more than 95 percent and 97 percent sensitivity and specificity, respectively.[13]For the criteria, typical attacks consist of all the following: recurrent (three or more episodes), febrile (rectal temperature of at least 38 °C), painful inflammation, and a short duration of 12 to 72 hours.Incomplete attacks (must be recurrent) are differing from typical attacks in at least one feature as follows: temperature less than 38 °C, attack duration longer or shorter than specified (but no less than six hours and no more than seven days), localized abdominal attacks, no signs of peritonitis during the attacks, and arthritis in a location other than the hip, knee or ankle.","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"AA-amyloidosis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AA-amyloidosis"},{"link_name":"kidney failure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure"},{"link_name":"kidney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney"},{"link_name":"heart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart"},{"link_name":"spleen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen"},{"link_name":"gastrointestinal tract","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract"},{"link_name":"thyroid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"vasculitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasculitis"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Henoch–Schönlein purpura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoch%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nlein_purpura"},{"link_name":"polyarteritis nodosa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyarteritis_nodosa"},{"link_name":"Behçet's disease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beh%C3%A7et%27s_disease"},{"link_name":"spondylarthropathy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondylarthropathy"},{"link_name":"arthritis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis"},{"link_name":"myalgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgia"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"}],"sub_title":"Complications","text":"AA-amyloidosis with kidney failure may develop without overt crises. AA amyloid protein is produced in very large quantities during attacks and at a low rate between them, accumulating mainly in the kidney, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid.[12]There appears to be an increased risk of certain vasculitis-related diseases[14] (e.g., Henoch–Schönlein purpura, polyarteritis nodosa, and Behçet's disease), spondylarthropathy, prolonged arthritis of certain joints, and protracted myalgia.[12]","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"MEFV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEFV"},{"link_name":"chromosome 16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_16_(human)"},{"link_name":"MEFV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEFV"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Familial_Mediterranean_fever:_preva-4"}],"text":"The MEFV gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13). Many different mutations of the MEFV gene can cause the disorder. Having one mutation is unlikely to cause the condition. Having two mutations (either a copy from both parents, or two different mutations with one from each parent) is the threshold for a genetic diagnosis of FMF. However, most individuals who comply with the genetic diagnosis of FMF remain asymptomatic or undiagnosed. Whether this is due to modifier genes or environmental factors remains to be established.[4]","title":"Genetics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"chromosome 16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_16"},{"link_name":"exons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exon"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"ASC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PYCARD"},{"link_name":"caspase-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase-1"},{"link_name":"inflammasomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammasome"},{"link_name":"pro-inflammatory cytokines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-inflammatory_cytokine"},{"link_name":"interleukin-18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-18"},{"link_name":"IL-1β","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-1%CE%B2"},{"link_name":"enterotoxins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterotoxin"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"gain-of-function","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gain-of-function"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"pyrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrin"},{"link_name":"14.3.3 proteins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14.3.3_protein"},{"link_name":"phosphorylated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation"},{"link_name":"serine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"RhoA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RhoA"},{"link_name":"GTPases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTPase"},{"link_name":"bacterial toxins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_toxins"},{"link_name":"PKN1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKN1"},{"link_name":"PKN2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKN2"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"serines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"exon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exon"},{"link_name":"mutations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation"},{"link_name":"cytoskeleton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoskeleton"},{"link_name":"microtubules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule"},{"link_name":"colchicine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchicine"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"peritoneal cavity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneal_cavity"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"catabolites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolite"},{"link_name":"pregnanolone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanolone"},{"link_name":"etiocholanolone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiocholanolone"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"}],"text":"Virtually all cases are due to a mutation in the Mediterranean Fever (MEFV) gene on the chromosome 16, which codes for a protein called pyrin or marenostrin. Various mutations of this gene lead to FMF, although some mutations cause a more severe picture than others. Mutations occur mainly in exons 2, 3, 5 and 10.[12]The function of pyrin is not fully known, but in short, it is a protein that binds to the adaptor ASC and the proform of the enzyme caspase-1 to generate multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes in response to certain infections. In healthy individuals, pyrin-mediated inflammasome assembly (which leads to the caspase 1) dependent processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β) is a response to enterotoxins from certain bacteria.[15] The gain-of-function mutations in the MEFV gene cause pyrin more active in the body, which results in an increase in inflammasome formation. [16]In its basal state, pyrin is kept inactive by a chaperone protein (belonging to the family of 14.3.3 proteins) linked to pyrin through phosphorylated serine residues.[17][18] The dephosphorylation of pyrin is an essential prerequisite for the activation of the pyrin inflammasome. Inactivation of RhoA GTPases (by bacterial toxins, for example) leads to the inactivation of PKN1 / PKN2 kinases and dephosphorylation of pyrin.[19] In healthy subjects, the dephosphorylation step alone does not cause activation of the pyrin inflammasome. In contrast, in FMF patients, the dephosphorylation of serines is sufficient to trigger the activation of the pyrin inflammasome.[20] This suggests that there is a two-level regulation and that the second regulatory mechanism (independent of (de)phosphorylation) is deficient in FMF patients. This deficient mechanism is probably located at the level of the B30.2 domain (exon 10) where most of the pathogenic mutations associated with FMF are located. It is probably the interaction of this domain with the cytoskeleton (microtubules) that is failing, as suggested by the efficacy of colchicine.[21]It is not conclusively known what exactly sets off the attacks or why overproduction of IL-1 would lead to particular symptoms in particular organs, such as joints or the peritoneal cavity.[12] However, steroid hormone catabolites (pregnanolone and etiocholanolone) have been shown to activate the pyrin inflammasome in vitro by interacting with the B30.2 domain (coded by exon 10).[22]","title":"Pathophysiology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"acute phase response","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_phase_response"},{"link_name":"C-reactive protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive_protein"},{"link_name":"white blood cell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell"},{"link_name":"inflammation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation"},{"link_name":"kidney function","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_function"},{"link_name":"chronic kidney failure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_failure"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"metaraminol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaraminol"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"text":"The diagnosis is clinically made on the basis of the history of typical attacks, especially in patients from the ethnic groups in which FMF is more highly prevalent. An acute phase response is present during attacks, with high C-reactive protein levels, an elevated white blood cell count and other markers of inflammation. In patients with a long history of attacks, monitoring the kidney function is of importance in predicting chronic kidney failure.[12]A genetic test is also available to detect mutations in the MEFV gene. Sequencing of exons 2, 3, 5, and 10 of this gene detects an estimated 97% of all known mutations.[12]A specific and highly sensitive test for FMF is the \"metaraminol provocative test (MPT)\", whereby a single 10 mg infusion of metaraminol is administered to the patient. A positive diagnosis is made if the patient presents with a typical, albeit milder, FMF attack within 48 hours. As MPT is more specific than sensitive, it does not identify all cases of FMF, although a positive MPT can be very useful.[23][24]","title":"Diagnosis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"analgesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesia"},{"link_name":"NSAIDs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug"},{"link_name":"diclofenac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"Colchicine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchicine"},{"link_name":"gout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout"},{"link_name":"abdominal pain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain"},{"link_name":"muscle pains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgia"},{"link_name":"Interferon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"anakinra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anakinra"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Canakinumab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canakinumab"},{"link_name":"monoclonal antibody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody"},{"link_name":"immunoglobulin D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_D"},{"link_name":"HIDS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperimmunoglobulinemia_D_with_recurrent_fever"},{"link_name":"TRAPS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF_receptor_associated_periodic_syndrome"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"}],"text":"Attacks are self-limiting, and require analgesia and NSAIDs (such as diclofenac).[12] Colchicine, a drug otherwise mainly used in gout, decreases attack frequency in FMF patients. The exact way in which colchicine suppresses attacks is unclear. While this agent is not without side effects (such as abdominal pain and muscle pains), it may markedly improve quality of life in patients. The dosage is typically 1–2 mg a day. Development of amyloidosis is delayed with colchicine treatment. Interferon is being studied as a therapeutic modality.[12] Some advise discontinuation of colchicine before and during pregnancy, but the data are inconsistent, and others feel it is safe to take colchicine during pregnancy.[25]Approximately 5–10% of FMF cases are resistant to colchicine therapy alone. In these cases, adding anakinra to the daily colchicine regimen has been successful.[26] Canakinumab, an anti-interleukin-1-beta monoclonal antibody, has likewise been shown to be effective in controlling and preventing flare-ups in patients with colchicine-resistant FMF and in two additional autoinflammatory recurrent fever syndromes: mevolonate kinase deficiency (hyper-immunoglobulin D syndrome, or HIDS) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS).[27]","title":"Treatment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Levant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant"},{"link_name":"Arabs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs"},{"link_name":"Armenians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians"},{"link_name":"Jews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews"},{"link_name":"Sephardi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic_Jews"},{"link_name":"Mizrahi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews"},{"link_name":"Ashkenazi Jews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews"},{"link_name":"Turks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Higher-3"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livneh-12"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kucuk_2014_97%E2%80%93104-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"text":"FMF affects groups of people originating from around the Levant or Eastern Mediterranean (hence its name); it is thus most prominent among those from or with ancestry from the regions including Arabs, Armenians, Jews (particularly Sephardi, Mizrahi, and to a lesser degree Ashkenazi Jews), and Turks.[3][12][28][29]","title":"Epidemiology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"peritonitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritonitis"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Dr Hobart Reimann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobart_Reimann"},{"link_name":"American University in Beirut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"}],"text":"A New York City allergist, Sheppard Siegal, first described the attacks of peritonitis in 1945; he termed this \"benign paroxysmal peritonitis\", as the disease course was essentially benign.[30] Dr Hobart Reimann, working in the American University in Beirut, described a more complete picture which he termed \"periodic disease\".[31][32] French physicians Henry Mamou and Roger Cattan described the complete disease with renal complications in 1952.[33][34]","title":"History"}] | [{"image_text":"Erysipeloid rashes in Familial Mediterranean Fever","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Erysipeloid_skin_rashes_in_Familial_Mediterranean_Fever.jpg/220px-Erysipeloid_skin_rashes_in_Familial_Mediterranean_Fever.jpg"}] | [{"title":"List of cutaneous conditions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cutaneous_conditions"},{"title":"Urticarial syndromes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticarial_syndromes"}] | [{"reference":"James W, Berger T, Elston D (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7216-2921-0","url_text":"0-7216-2921-0"}]},{"reference":"Chae JJ, Wood G, Richard K, Jaffe H, Colburn NT, Masters SL, et al. (September 2008). \"The familial Mediterranean fever protein, pyrin, is cleaved by caspase-1 and activates NF-kappaB through its N-terminal fragment\". Blood. 112 (5): 1794–803. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-01-134932. PMC 2518886. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaliget | Abaliget | ["1 Geography","2 Name","3 Demographics","3.1 2011 census","4 Local government","4.1 Mayors since 1990","5 Points of Interest","6 Transportation","6.1 Railway","6.2 Road","7 Sister cities","8 See also","9 Notes","10 References"] | Coordinates: 46°08′39″N 18°07′00″E / 46.14419°N 18.11675°E / 46.14419; 18.11675Village in Baranya, HungaryAbaliget
Abaling (German)VillageLake Abaliget
SealAbaligetLocation of AbaligetShow map of Baranya CountyAbaligetAbaliget (Hungary)Show map of HungaryCoordinates: 46°08′39″N 18°07′00″E / 46.14419°N 18.11675°E / 46.14419; 18.11675Country HungaryCountyBaranyaDistrictPécsArea • Total16.09 km2 (6.21 sq mi)Population (1 Jan 2019) • Total647 • Density40/km2 (100/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal code7678Area code72NUTS 3 codeHU231HCSO code12548Websitewww.abaliget.hu
Abaliget (, German: Abaling) is a village (Hungarian: község) in central Baranya County, Pécs District, in southern Hungary. Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants' majority was Danube Swabian, also called locally as Stifolder, because their ancestors arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries from Fulda (district). Most of the former German settlers were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, pursuant to the Potsdam Agreement.
Only a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are the descendants of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange. They got the houses of the former Danube Swabian inhabitants. It is located in the western Mecsek Mountains. The nearby Abaliget Cave and the area's lakes and hiking trails make it a popular tourist destination. Its population at the 2011 Census was 598.
Geography
The village is located at 46° 8′ 39.08″ N, 18° 7′ 0.3″ E. Its area is 16.09 km2 (6.21 sq mi). It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region, and administratively it falls under Baranya County and then Pécs District.
It lies 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest of the city of Pécs and is bordered by the villages of Husztót and Kovácsszénája to the north, Orfű to the east, Kővágószőlős and Kővágótöttös to the south, Hetvehely to the west, and Okorvölgy and Szentkatalin to the northwest.
Abaliget is located in the western Mecsek Mountains, and much of its land lies within the Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District, managed by the Danube-Dráva National Park. The village is located on Middle Triassic limestone karst, which has formed the sinkholes, springs, tufa, and caves that are common features in the surrounding area.
Name
The name of the village originates from the Aba name, which is of Turkic origin and liget, which means "grove".
Demographics
Historical populationYearPop.±%1870 670— 1880 706+5.4%1890 777+10.1%1900 744−4.2%1910 727−2.3%1920 767+5.5%1930 767+0.0%1941 720−6.1%1949 616−14.4%1960 685+11.2%1970 630−8.0%1980 578−8.3%1990 628+8.7%2001 658+4.8%2011 598−9.1%2019 647+8.2%Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office
2011 census
As of the census of 2011, there were 598 residents, 248 households, and 159 families living in the village. The population density was 96 inhabitants per square mile (37/km2). There were 241 dwellings at an average density of 39 per square mile (15/km2).
There were 248 households, of which 64.1% were one-family households, 0.0% were multi-family households, 33.1% were one-person households, and 2.8% were other non-family households. The average household size was 2.41.
There were 159 families, of which 54.7% were couples living with children, 27.0% were couples living without children, 17.0% were single females with children, and 1.3% were single males with children. The average number of children was 1.26. The average family size was 3.08.
The age breakdown of the village was 20.1% under the age of 20, 8.5% between ages 20 and 24, 27.1% aged 25 to 44, 31.6% aged 45 to 64, and 12.7% aged 65 and older. The gender ratio was 1.00 male to every female.
In terms of educational attainment, 93.9% completed at least primary school, 44.1% completed at least secondary school with final examination, and 16.9% had a higher education degree.
Religious affiliation was 55.4% Roman Catholic, 4.0% Calvinist, 1.7% Greek Catholic, 0.3% Lutheran, 1.0% other religion, and 9.5% unaffiliated, with 28.1% declining to answer.
The village had an ethnic minority Roma population of 14.4%. Other minority nationality affiliations of note were German (4.8%) and other, non-native to Hungary (3.8%), with small numbers of Poles, Croats, and Romanians totaling less than 1%. The vast majority declared themselves as Hungarian (83.9%), with 14.9% declining to answer.
Local government
The village is governed by a mayor with a four-person council. The local government of the village operates a joint council office with the nearby localities of Husztót, Kovácsszénája, Kővágótöttö, and Orfű. Abaliget maintains a branch office, but the seat of the joint council is in Orfű.
As of the election of 2019, the village also has a local minority self-government for its Roma community, with three elected representatives.
Mayors since 1990
Mayor
Party
Term(s) of Office
Gábor Ivády
Independent
2019-
János Kisfali
Independent
2014-2019
2010-2014
2006-2010
István Baritz
Independent
2002-2006
1998-2002
Lajos Tarai
Independent
1994-1998
István Baritz
Independent
1990-1994
Points of Interest
Flowstone and stalactites in Abaliget Cave.
Abaliget Cave (also called Paplika), an active karst cave with stalactites formed from Triassic period limestone. It has a total length of 2,000 meters across 3 branches, making it the longest cave in the Mecsek Mountains. It has been under protected status since 1982. The Danube-Dráva National Park Directorate has managed tourist access to the cave and its conservation since 1996. Visitors can go on guided tours of the main branch and the cave is also used for speleotherapy.
The Bat Museum (Denevérmúzeum), which opened in 2004 to highlight the research of local bat populations. Bat research has been ongoing in Abaliget Cave since 1923, and 19 species are known to reside there regularly, the most common being the Geoffroy's bat (M. emarginatus), lesser horseshoe bat (R. hipposideros), and greater horseshoe bat (R. ferrumequinum).
Transportation
Railway
Abaliget Train Station, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) to the northwest of the village off Road 6601. The station is on the Pusztaszabolcs–Pécs railway line and is operated by MÁV.
Road
Road 6604 connects the village to Pécs.
Road 6611 connects the village to Orfű.
Road 6601, which runs north of the village, connects to Oroszló and Szentlőrinc.
Sister cities
Knonau, Switzerland, since 1993
Dannenfels, Germany, since 2002
Sievi, Finland, since 2005
See also
Abaliget Village Website (in Hungarian)
Abaliget Cave Website (in Hungarian)
Map of the Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District (in Hungarian)
Street map (in Hungarian)
OpenStreetMap
Notes
^ As a person can affiliate themselves with more than one ethnic group (nationality), the totals may be greater than 100%.
References
^ a b c d "Gazetteer of Hungary, 1 January 2019" (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
^ Die Stiffoller und der Stiffolder (in German)
^ "Die Vertreibung – Landsmannschaft der Deutschen aus Ungarn".
^ a b c "Population Census 2011: Regional Data - Baranya County". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
^ "Distance Calculator Find Distance Between Cities". Distance Calculator. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
^ a b "Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District". Danube-Dráva National Park Directorate (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2020-06-27.
^ Kiss, Lajos (1980). Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963-05-2277-2.
^ "Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary: Abaliget". Hungarian Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
^ "Local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)". Hungarian National Election Office (in Hungarian). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ "Nationality local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)". Hungarian National Election Office (in Hungarian). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ "Download election results, 1990-2019". Hungarian National Election Office (in Hungarian). 29 October 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ "The History of the Cave". Abaligeti Barlang (in Hungarian). 28 July 2010. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
^ "Caves". Hungarian Nature Conservation Office. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
^ "Abaliget Cave". Hungarian Nature Conservation Office (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2020-06-27.
^ "Abaliget Bat Museum". Abaligeti Barlang (in Hungarian). 12 February 2011. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
^ Duckeck, Jochen. "Abaligeti-barlang". www.showcaves.com. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
vteTowns and villages of Pécs DistrictCity with county rights (1)
Pécs (district seat)
Town (1)
Kozármisleny
Villages (38)
Abaliget
Aranyosgadány
Áta
Bakonya
Berkesd
Birján
Bogád
Bosta
Cserkút
Egerág
Ellend
Gyód
Görcsöny
Hosszúhetény
Husztót
Keszü
Kisherend
Kovácsszénája
Kökény
Kővágószőlős
Kővágótöttös
Lothárd
Magyarsarlós
Nagykozár
Orfű
Ócsárd
Pécsudvard
Pellérd
Pereked
Pogány
Regenye
Romonya
Szalánta
Szemely
Szilágy
Szilvás
Szőke
Szőkéd
vteBaranya CountyCity with county rights
Pécs (county seat)
Towns
Bóly
Harkány
Komló
Kozármisleny
Mágocs
Mohács
Pécsvárad
Sásd
Sellye
Siklós
Szentlőrinc
Szigetvár
Villány
Large villages
Beremend
Szászvár
Vajszló
Villages
Abaliget
Adorjás
Ág
Almamellék
Almáskeresztúr
Alsómocsolád
Alsószentmárton
Apátvarasd
Aranyosgadány
Áta
Babarc
Babarcszőlős
Bakóca
Bakonya
Baksa
Bánfa
Baranyahídvég
Baranyajenő
Baranyaszentgyörgy
Basal
Belvárdgyula
Berkesd
Besence
Bezedek
Bicsérd
Bikal
Birján
Bisse
Boda
Bodolyabér
Bogdása
Bogád
Bogádmindszent
Boldogasszonyfa
Borjád
Bosta
Botykapeterd
Bükkösd
Bár
Bürüs
Csányoszró
Csarnóta
Csebény
Cserdi
Cserkút
Csertő
Csonkamindszent
Cún
Dencsháza
Dinnyeberki
Diósviszló
Drávacsehi
Drávacsepely
Drávafok
Drávaiványi
Drávakeresztúr
Drávapalkonya
Drávapiski
Drávaszabolcs
Drávaszerdahely
Drávasztára
Dunaszekcső
Egerág
Egyházasharaszti
Egyházaskozár
Ellend
Endrőc
Erdősmecske
Erdősmárok
Erzsébet
Fazekasboda
Feked
Felsőegerszeg
Felsőszentmárton
Garé
Gerde
Geresdlak
Gerényes
Gilvánfa
Gödre
Görcsöny
Görcsönydoboka
Gordisa
Gyód
Gyöngyfa
Gyöngyösmellék
Hásságy
Hegyhátmaróc
Hegyszentmárton
Helesfa
Hetvehely
Hidas
Himesháza
Hirics
Hobol
Homorúd
Horváthertelend
Hosszúhetény
Husztót
Ibafa
Illocska
Ipacsfa
Ivánbattyán
Ivándárda
Kacsóta
Kákics
Kárász
Kásád
Kátoly
Katádfa
Kékesd
Kémes
Kemse
Keresztespuszta
Keszü
Kétújfalu
Királyegyháza
Kisasszonyfa
Kisbeszterce
Kisbudmér
Kisdobsza
Kisdér
Kishajmás
Kisharsány
Kisherend
Kisjakabfalva
Kiskassa
Kislippó
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Germany | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[ˈɒbɒliɡɛt]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village"},{"link_name":"Hungarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language"},{"link_name":"Baranya County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranya_County"},{"link_name":"Pécs District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9cs_District"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"Danube Swabian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube_Swabians"},{"link_name":"Fulda (district)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulda_(district)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Allied-occupied Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany"},{"link_name":"Allied-occupied Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria"},{"link_name":"Potsdam Agreement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Germans of Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans_of_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak%E2%80%93Hungarian_population_exchange"},{"link_name":"Mecsek Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecsek"},{"link_name":"Abaliget Cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abaliget_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"2011 Census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Census_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2011_Census_Baranya_Page-4"}],"text":"Village in Baranya, HungaryAbaliget ([ˈɒbɒliɡɛt], German: Abaling) is a village (Hungarian: község) in central Baranya County, Pécs District, in southern Hungary. Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants' majority was Danube Swabian, also called locally as Stifolder, because their ancestors arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries from Fulda (district).[2] Most of the former German settlers were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, pursuant to the Potsdam Agreement.[3]\nOnly a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are the descendants of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange. They got the houses of the former Danube Swabian inhabitants. It is located in the western Mecsek Mountains. The nearby Abaliget Cave and the area's lakes and hiking trails make it a popular tourist destination. Its population at the 2011 Census was 598.[4]","title":"Abaliget"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Southern Transdanubia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Transdanubia"},{"link_name":"Baranya County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranya_County"},{"link_name":"Pécs District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9cs_District"},{"link_name":"Pécs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9cs"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Husztót","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huszt%C3%B3t"},{"link_name":"Kovácsszénája","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov%C3%A1cssz%C3%A9n%C3%A1ja"},{"link_name":"Orfű","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orf%C5%B1"},{"link_name":"Kővágószőlős","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91v%C3%A1g%C3%B3sz%C5%91l%C5%91s"},{"link_name":"Kővágótöttös","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91v%C3%A1g%C3%B3t%C3%B6tt%C3%B6s"},{"link_name":"Hetvehely","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetvehely"},{"link_name":"Okorvölgy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okorv%C3%B6lgy"},{"link_name":"Szentkatalin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szentkatalin"},{"link_name":"Mecsek Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecsek"},{"link_name":"Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Mecsek_Landscape_Protection_District&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Danube-Dráva National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube-Drava_National_Park"},{"link_name":"Middle Triassic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Triassic"},{"link_name":"limestone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone"},{"link_name":"karst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst"},{"link_name":"sinkholes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole"},{"link_name":"springs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)"},{"link_name":"tufa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufa"},{"link_name":"caves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-6"}],"text":"The village is located at 46° 8′ 39.08″ N, 18° 7′ 0.3″ E. Its area is 16.09 km2 (6.21 sq mi). It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region, and administratively it falls under Baranya County and then Pécs District.It lies 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest of the city of Pécs[5] and is bordered by the villages of Husztót and Kovácsszénája to the north, Orfű to the east, Kővágószőlős and Kővágótöttös to the south, Hetvehely to the west, and Okorvölgy and Szentkatalin to the northwest.Abaliget is located in the western Mecsek Mountains, and much of its land lies within the Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District, managed by the Danube-Dráva National Park. The village is located on Middle Triassic limestone karst, which has formed the sinkholes, springs, tufa, and caves that are common features in the surrounding area.[6]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Turkic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"The name of the village originates from the Aba name, which is of Turkic origin and liget, which means \"grove\".[7]","title":"Name"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census of 2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_census_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"households","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household"},{"link_name":"families","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family"},{"link_name":"gender ratio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_ratio"},{"link_name":"primary school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_school"},{"link_name":"secondary school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_school"},{"link_name":"higher education degree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_degree"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2011_Census_Baranya_Page-4"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"Calvinist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Greek Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Lutheran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_in_Hungary"},{"link_name":"unaffiliated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion"},{"link_name":"ethnic minority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_minority"},{"link_name":"Roma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people_in_Hungary"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans_of_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Poles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_people"},{"link_name":"Croats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croats_of_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Romanians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanians_in_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Hungarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarians"},{"link_name":"[note 1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-KSH_Gazetteer-9"}],"sub_title":"2011 census","text":"As of the census of 2011, there were 598 residents, 248 households, and 159 families living in the village. The population density was 96 inhabitants per square mile (37/km2). There were 241 dwellings at an average density of 39 per square mile (15/km2).There were 248 households, of which 64.1% were one-family households, 0.0% were multi-family households, 33.1% were one-person households, and 2.8% were other non-family households. The average household size was 2.41.There were 159 families, of which 54.7% were couples living with children, 27.0% were couples living without children, 17.0% were single females with children, and 1.3% were single males with children. The average number of children was 1.26. The average family size was 3.08.The age breakdown of the village was 20.1% under the age of 20, 8.5% between ages 20 and 24, 27.1% aged 25 to 44, 31.6% aged 45 to 64, and 12.7% aged 65 and older. The gender ratio was 1.00 male to every female.In terms of educational attainment, 93.9% completed at least primary school, 44.1% completed at least secondary school with final examination, and 16.9% had a higher education degree.[4]Religious affiliation was 55.4% Roman Catholic, 4.0% Calvinist, 1.7% Greek Catholic, 0.3% Lutheran, 1.0% other religion, and 9.5% unaffiliated, with 28.1% declining to answer.The village had an ethnic minority Roma population of 14.4%. Other minority nationality affiliations of note were German (4.8%) and other, non-native to Hungary (3.8%), with small numbers of Poles, Croats, and Romanians totaling less than 1%. The vast majority declared themselves as Hungarian (83.9%), with 14.9% declining to answer.[note 1][8]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"mayor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor"},{"link_name":"joint council office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_council_office&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Husztót","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huszt%C3%B3t"},{"link_name":"Kovácsszénája","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov%C3%A1cssz%C3%A9n%C3%A1ja"},{"link_name":"Kővágótöttö","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91v%C3%A1g%C3%B3t%C3%B6tt%C3%B6s"},{"link_name":"Orfű","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orf%C5%B1"},{"link_name":"branch office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_office"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2019_Hungary_Localities-1"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2019_Elections-10"},{"link_name":"minority self-government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minority_self-government&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Roma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people_in_Hungary"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2019_Nationality_Elections-11"}],"text":"The village is governed by a mayor with a four-person council. The local government of the village operates a joint council office with the nearby localities of Husztót, Kovácsszénája, Kővágótöttö, and Orfű. Abaliget maintains a branch office, but the seat of the joint council is in Orfű.[1][9]As of the election of 2019, the village also has a local minority self-government for its Roma community, with three elected representatives.[10]","title":"Local government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Mayors since 1990","text":"[11]","title":"Local government"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abaliget_Cave_2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Flowstone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowstone"},{"link_name":"stalactites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactite"},{"link_name":"Abaliget Cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abaliget_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Abaliget Cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abaliget_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"karst cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutional_cave"},{"link_name":"stalactites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactite"},{"link_name":"Triassic period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic"},{"link_name":"limestone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone"},{"link_name":"Mecsek Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecsek"},{"link_name":"protected status","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_area"},{"link_name":"Danube-Dráva National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube-Drava_National_Park"},{"link_name":"speleotherapy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleotherapy"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"bat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat"},{"link_name":"Abaliget Cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abaliget_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Geoffroy's bat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_bat"},{"link_name":"lesser horseshoe bat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_horseshoe_bat"},{"link_name":"greater horseshoe bat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_horseshoe_bat"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-6"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Flowstone and stalactites in Abaliget Cave.Abaliget Cave (also called Paplika), an active karst cave with stalactites formed from Triassic period limestone. It has a total length of 2,000 meters across 3 branches, making it the longest cave in the Mecsek Mountains. It has been under protected status since 1982. The Danube-Dráva National Park Directorate has managed tourist access to the cave and its conservation since 1996. Visitors can go on guided tours of the main branch and the cave is also used for speleotherapy.[12][13][14]\nThe Bat Museum (Denevérmúzeum), which opened in 2004 to highlight the research of local bat populations. Bat research has been ongoing in Abaliget Cave since 1923, and 19 species are known to reside there regularly, the most common being the Geoffroy's bat (M. emarginatus), lesser horseshoe bat (R. hipposideros), and greater horseshoe bat (R. ferrumequinum).[6][15][16]","title":"Points of Interest"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Abaliget Train Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abaliget_Train_Station&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Road 6601","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_6601_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Pusztaszabolcs–Pécs railway line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pusztaszabolcs%E2%80%93P%C3%A9cs_railway_line&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"MÁV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_State_Railways"}],"sub_title":"Railway","text":"Abaliget Train Station, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) to the northwest of the village off Road 6601. The station is on the Pusztaszabolcs–Pécs railway line and is operated by MÁV.","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Road 6604","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_6604_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Pécs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9cs"},{"link_name":"Road 6611","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_6611_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Orfű","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orf%C5%B1"},{"link_name":"Road 6601","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_6601_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oroszló","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszl%C3%B3"},{"link_name":"Szentlőrinc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szentl%C5%91rinc"}],"sub_title":"Road","text":"Road 6604 connects the village to Pécs.\nRoad 6611 connects the village to Orfű.\nRoad 6601, which runs north of the village, connects to Oroszló and Szentlőrinc.","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Knonau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knonau"},{"link_name":"Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Dannenfels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannenfels"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Sievi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievi"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"}],"text":"Knonau, Switzerland, since 1993\n Dannenfels, Germany, since 2002\n Sievi, Finland, since 2005","title":"Sister cities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"}],"text":"^ As a person can affiliate themselves with more than one ethnic group (nationality), the totals may be greater than 100%.","title":"Notes"}] | [{"image_text":"Flowstone and stalactites in Abaliget Cave.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Abaliget_Cave_2.jpg/213px-Abaliget_Cave_2.jpg"}] | [{"title":"Abaliget Village Website","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.abaliget.hu/"},{"title":"Abaliget Cave Website","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.abaligetibarlang.hu/"},{"title":"Map of the Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.termeszetvedelem.hu/_user/downloads/Kezterv/Ny-Mecsek%20TK.pdf"},{"title":"Street map","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20110516123120/http://www.terkepcentrum.hu/index.asp?go=map&tid=12548"},{"title":"OpenStreetMap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1606342"}] | [{"reference":"\"Gazetteer of Hungary, 1 January 2019\" (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 22 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2019.pdf","url_text":"\"Gazetteer of Hungary, 1 January 2019\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Central_Statistical_Office","url_text":"Hungarian Central Statistical Office"}]},{"reference":"\"Die Vertreibung – Landsmannschaft der Deutschen aus Ungarn\".","urls":[{"url":"https://ldu-online.de/die-vertreibung","url_text":"\"Die Vertreibung – Landsmannschaft der Deutschen aus Ungarn\""}]},{"reference":"\"Population Census 2011: Regional Data - Baranya County\". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tables_regional_02","url_text":"\"Population Census 2011: Regional Data - Baranya County\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Central_Statistical_Office","url_text":"Hungarian Central Statistical Office"}]},{"reference":"\"Distance Calculator Find Distance Between Cities\". Distance Calculator. Retrieved 2020-06-30.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.distancecalculator.net/","url_text":"\"Distance Calculator Find Distance Between Cities\""}]},{"reference":"\"Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District\". Danube-Dráva National Park Directorate (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2020-06-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ddnp.hu/termeszetvedelem/vedett_termeszeti_teruletek/nyugat-mecsek_tajvedelmi_korzet","url_text":"\"Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District\""}]},{"reference":"Kiss, Lajos (1980). Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963-05-2277-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest","url_text":"Budapest"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akad%C3%A9miai_Kiad%C3%B3","url_text":"Akadémiai Kiadó"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-05-2277-2","url_text":"963-05-2277-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary: Abaliget\". Hungarian Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 30 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=12548","url_text":"\"Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary: Abaliget\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Central_Statistics_Office","url_text":"Hungarian Central Statistics Office"}]},{"reference":"\"Local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)\". Hungarian National Election Office (in Hungarian). Retrieved 1 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.valasztas.hu/telepules-adatlap_onk2019?p_p_id=onkeredmenyadatok_WAR_nvinvrportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=2&p_p_col_count=5&_onkeredmenyadatok_WAR_nvinvrportlet_tabId=tab1&p_r_p_1632770263_prpTelepulesKod=001&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVlId=294&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVltId=687&p_r_p_1632770263_prpMegyeKod=02#_onkeredmenyadatok_WAR_nvinvrportlet_tableTop","url_text":"\"Local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Nationality local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)\". Hungarian National Election Office (in Hungarian). Retrieved 1 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.valasztas.hu/telepules-adatlap_nemz_2019?p_p_id=onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_col_id=column-3&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=5&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVlId=294&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVltId=688&p_r_p_1632770263_prpMegyeKod=02&p_r_p_1632770263_prpTelepulesKod=001","url_text":"\"Nationality local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Download election results, 1990-2019\". Hungarian National Election Office (in Hungarian). 29 October 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.valasztas.hu/1990-2019_eredmenyek","url_text":"\"Download election results, 1990-2019\""}]},{"reference":"\"The History of the Cave\". Abaligeti Barlang (in Hungarian). 28 July 2010. Retrieved 2020-06-26.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.abaligetibarlang.hu/tortenet/","url_text":"\"The History of the Cave\""}]},{"reference":"\"Caves\". Hungarian Nature Conservation Office. Retrieved 26 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.termeszetvedelem.hu/caves","url_text":"\"Caves\""}]},{"reference":"\"Abaliget Cave\". Hungarian Nature Conservation Office (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2020-06-27.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.termeszetvedelem.hu/index.php?pg=cave_4120-1","url_text":"\"Abaliget Cave\""}]},{"reference":"\"Abaliget Bat Museum\". Abaligeti Barlang (in Hungarian). 12 February 2011. Retrieved 2020-06-27.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.abaligetibarlang.hu/denevermuzeum/","url_text":"\"Abaliget Bat Museum\""}]},{"reference":"Duckeck, Jochen. \"Abaligeti-barlang\". www.showcaves.com. Retrieved 2020-06-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.showcaves.com/english/hu/showcaves/Abaligeti.html","url_text":"\"Abaligeti-barlang\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abaliget¶ms=46.14419_N_18.11675_E_region:HU_type:city(647)","external_links_name":"46°08′39″N 18°07′00″E / 46.14419°N 18.11675°E / 46.14419; 18.11675"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abaliget¶ms=46.14419_N_18.11675_E_region:HU_type:city(647)","external_links_name":"46°08′39″N 18°07′00″E / 46.14419°N 18.11675°E / 46.14419; 18.11675"},{"Link":"http://www.abaliget.hu/","external_links_name":"www.abaliget.hu"},{"Link":"http://www.abaliget.hu/","external_links_name":"Abaliget Village Website"},{"Link":"http://www.abaligetibarlang.hu/","external_links_name":"Abaliget Cave Website"},{"Link":"http://www.termeszetvedelem.hu/_user/downloads/Kezterv/Ny-Mecsek%20TK.pdf","external_links_name":"Map of the Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110516123120/http://www.terkepcentrum.hu/index.asp?go=map&tid=12548","external_links_name":"Street map"},{"Link":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1606342","external_links_name":"OpenStreetMap"},{"Link":"https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2019.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Gazetteer of Hungary, 1 January 2019\""},{"Link":"https://www.feked.hu/etc/Stifolder_tortenet.pdf","external_links_name":"Die Stiffoller und der Stiffolder"},{"Link":"https://ldu-online.de/die-vertreibung","external_links_name":"\"Die Vertreibung – Landsmannschaft der Deutschen aus Ungarn\""},{"Link":"http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tables_regional_02","external_links_name":"\"Population Census 2011: Regional Data - Baranya County\""},{"Link":"https://www.distancecalculator.net/","external_links_name":"\"Distance Calculator Find Distance Between Cities\""},{"Link":"https://www.ddnp.hu/termeszetvedelem/vedett_termeszeti_teruletek/nyugat-mecsek_tajvedelmi_korzet","external_links_name":"\"Western Mecsek Landscape Protection District\""},{"Link":"http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=12548","external_links_name":"\"Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary: Abaliget\""},{"Link":"https://www.valasztas.hu/telepules-adatlap_onk2019?p_p_id=onkeredmenyadatok_WAR_nvinvrportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=2&p_p_col_count=5&_onkeredmenyadatok_WAR_nvinvrportlet_tabId=tab1&p_r_p_1632770263_prpTelepulesKod=001&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVlId=294&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVltId=687&p_r_p_1632770263_prpMegyeKod=02#_onkeredmenyadatok_WAR_nvinvrportlet_tableTop","external_links_name":"\"Local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)\""},{"Link":"https://www.valasztas.hu/telepules-adatlap_nemz_2019?p_p_id=onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_col_id=column-3&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=5&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVlId=294&p_r_p_1632770263_prpVltId=688&p_r_p_1632770263_prpMegyeKod=02&p_r_p_1632770263_prpTelepulesKod=001","external_links_name":"\"Nationality local government elections 2019 - Abaliget (Baranya County)\""},{"Link":"https://www.valasztas.hu/1990-2019_eredmenyek","external_links_name":"\"Download election results, 1990-2019\""},{"Link":"http://www.abaligetibarlang.hu/tortenet/","external_links_name":"\"The History of the Cave\""},{"Link":"http://www.termeszetvedelem.hu/caves","external_links_name":"\"Caves\""},{"Link":"http://www.termeszetvedelem.hu/index.php?pg=cave_4120-1","external_links_name":"\"Abaliget Cave\""},{"Link":"http://www.abaligetibarlang.hu/denevermuzeum/","external_links_name":"\"Abaliget Bat Museum\""},{"Link":"https://www.showcaves.com/english/hu/showcaves/Abaligeti.html","external_links_name":"\"Abaligeti-barlang\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/249406454","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4660646-4","external_links_name":"Germany"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Rapid_Transit_Company | Chicago Rapid Transit Company | ["1 History","2 References"] | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Chicago Rapid Transit Company" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Chicago Rapid Transit CompanyA Chicago Rapid Transit (CRT) pin for employeesOverviewLocaleChicago, IllinoisServiceTypeRapid transitHistoryOpened1924; 100 years ago (1924)Closed1947; 77 years ago (1947)(merged into Chicago Transit Authority)TechnicalCharacterElevatedTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gaugeElectrificationThird rail, trolley wire 600 V DC
Route map
The Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT) was a privately owned firm providing rapid transit rail service in Chicago, Illinois, and several adjacent communities between 1924 and 1947. The CRT is one of the predecessors of the Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago's current mass transit operator.
History
Leading up to the consolidation of the 'L' companies into the CRT was decades of the Chicago Elevated Railways Collateral Trust (CER), an entity directly attributed to utilities magnate Samuel Insull. The CER laid the groundwork for the companies to become one, including financial agreements and simplification that allowed for free transfers between the various lines at the places where they shared facilities, such as at Loop elevated stations. The CER also resulted in the through-routing of trains from one company's line to another, enabling riders to take a single train from Ravenswood on the Northwestern 'L' to 35th Street on the South Side 'L'.
The CRT was an amalgamation of several elevated railroad operators, each of which operated service in a particular section of the city. These predecessors include:
Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad (providing service starting in 1892),
Lake Street Elevated Railroad (providing service starting in 1893),
Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad (providing service starting in 1895),
Northwestern Elevated Railroad (providing service starting in 1900).
The CRT network was entirely at or above grade level until the 1943 opening of the State Street subway, now part of CTA's Red Line.
Following World War II and the continuing financial malaise of the privately owned bus, streetcar and elevated/subway operators, both the city government of Chicago and the Illinois legislature favored consolidating the three separate systems into a single, public-owned authority. The assets and operations of the CRT were assumed by the newly established Chicago Transit Authority on October 1, 1947.
A 1922 vintage Chicago Rapid Transit Company "L" cars. This car had a trolley pole in addition to contact shoes on the trucks.
References
^ "Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT)(1924-1947)". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
vteChicago "L"LinesCurrent
Blue Line
Brown Line
Green Line
Orange Line
Pink Line
Purple Line
Red Line
Yellow Line
Former
Howard–Englewood–Jackson Park
Lake–Dan Ryan
Loop Shuttle
BranchesCurrent
Ashland
Cermak
Dan Ryan
East 63rd
Evanston
Forest Park
Lake Street
Loop
Midway
Milwaukee–Dearborn
North Side
O'Hare
Ravenswood
Skokie
South Side
State Street
Former
Garfield Park
Humboldt Park
Kenwood
Logan Square
Metropolitan
Normal Park
Randolph Street and Cuyler Avenue
Stock Yards
Stub terminals
Westchester
Stations
Current stations
Former stations
Yards
54th
61st
98th
120th (proposed)
Ashland
Desplaines
Harlem
Howard
Kimball
Linden
Lower 63rd
Midway
Rosemont
Skokie Shops
RollingstockCurrent
2600-series
3200-series
5000-series
7000-series
Former
4000-series
5000 series
6000-series
1–50 series
2000-series
2200-series
2400-series
Incidents
1977 Chicago Loop derailment
2014 O'Hare station crash
2023 Howard station crash
OperatorsCurrent
Chicago Transit Authority
Former
Chicago Rapid Transit Company
Lake Street Elevated Railroad
Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad
Northwestern Elevated Railroad
South Side Elevated Railroad
Interurbans
Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad
Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad
Other
Chicago Central Area Transit Plan
CTA Holiday Train
Mid-City Transitway
Red Ahead
Skip-stop on the Chicago "L"
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rapid transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit"},{"link_name":"Chicago, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Chicago Transit Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Transit_Authority"},{"link_name":"mass transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_transit"}],"text":"The Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT) was a privately owned firm providing rapid transit rail service in Chicago, Illinois, and several adjacent communities between 1924 and 1947. The CRT is one of the predecessors of the Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago's current mass transit operator.","title":"Chicago Rapid Transit Company"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Samuel Insull","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Insull"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_and_South_Side_Rapid_Transit_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Lake Street Elevated Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Street_Elevated_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_West_Side_Elevated_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Northwestern Elevated Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Elevated_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Red Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Line_(CTA)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chicago_Rapid_Transit_Company_4410.jpg"},{"link_name":"trolley pole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolley_pole"},{"link_name":"contact shoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_shoe"},{"link_name":"trucks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogie"}],"text":"Leading up to the consolidation of the 'L' companies into the CRT was decades of the Chicago Elevated Railways Collateral Trust (CER), an entity directly attributed to utilities magnate Samuel Insull. The CER laid the groundwork for the companies to become one, including financial agreements and simplification that allowed for free transfers between the various lines at the places where they shared facilities, such as at Loop elevated stations. The CER also resulted in the through-routing of trains from one company's line to another, enabling riders to take a single train from Ravenswood on the Northwestern 'L' to 35th Street on the South Side 'L'.The CRT was an amalgamation of several elevated railroad operators, each of which operated service in a particular section of the city.[1] These predecessors include:Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad (providing service starting in 1892),\nLake Street Elevated Railroad (providing service starting in 1893),\nMetropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad (providing service starting in 1895),\nNorthwestern Elevated Railroad (providing service starting in 1900).The CRT network was entirely at or above grade level until the 1943 opening of the State Street subway, now part of CTA's Red Line.Following World War II and the continuing financial malaise of the privately owned bus, streetcar and elevated/subway operators, both the city government of Chicago and the Illinois legislature favored consolidating the three separate systems into a single, public-owned authority. The assets and operations of the CRT were assumed by the newly established Chicago Transit Authority on October 1, 1947.A 1922 vintage Chicago Rapid Transit Company \"L\" cars. This car had a trolley pole in addition to contact shoes on the trucks.","title":"History"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT)(1924-1947)\". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.chicago-l.org/history/chron_CRT.html","url_text":"\"Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT)(1924-1947)\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Chicago+Rapid+Transit+Company%22","external_links_name":"\"Chicago Rapid Transit Company\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Chicago+Rapid+Transit+Company%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Chicago+Rapid+Transit+Company%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Chicago+Rapid+Transit+Company%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Chicago+Rapid+Transit+Company%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Chicago+Rapid+Transit+Company%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"http://www.chicago-l.org/history/chron_CRT.html","external_links_name":"\"Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT)(1924-1947)\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/141027134","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97022347","external_links_name":"United States"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hume_(politician) | Peter Hume (politician) | ["1 References","2 External links"] | Canadian politician
Peter Ernest HumeOttawa City CouncillorIn officeJanuary 1, 2001 – November 30, 2014Preceded byAllan HigdonSucceeded byJean CloutierConstituencyAlta Vista WardOttawa-Carleton Regional CouncillorIn officeDecember 1, 1991 – December 31, 2000Preceded byDarrel KentSucceeded byposition abolishedOttawa City CouncillorIn officeDecember 1, 1991 – November 30, 1994Preceded byDarrel KentSucceeded byAllan Higdon
Personal detailsBorn (1963-06-19) June 19, 1963 (age 60)Political partyOntario Progressive Conservative PartySpouseAnn Marie Hume
Peter Ernest Hume (born June 19, 1963) was a city councillor in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He represented Alta Vista Ward in the south end of the city. He was considered by some to have been "the most respected politician in Ottawa".
Hume grew up in the Canterbury area of Alta Vista Ward. He attended Hawthorne Public School and Canterbury High School before graduating with a degree in Economics from Carleton University. He would then work as an assistant to Canterbury Ward councillor Michael McSweeney and then Alta Vista Ward councillor Darrel Kent.
Hume was first elected as a city and regional councillor in 1991. In 1994 he was elected to the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton council (when it became an independently elected position). He was re-elected in 1997. In the 2000 Ottawa election, he chose to run against Ottawa city councillor Allan Higdon for city council, as the City of Ottawa and the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton were set to amalgamate the following year. He was able to defeat Higdon, and was acclaimed three years later in the 2003 Ottawa election. In 2002, Hume contributed $362.26 to the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party leadership campaign of Jim Flaherty. Hume is generally considered to be a "red Tory", who "votes in favour of social spending, but talks convincingly about fiscal responsibility."
In 2004, Hume allowed a private developer to hold a private party to raise money to pay off a debt Hume had received from running for President of the Association of Municipalities of Ontario. Both Hume and the host of the party has refused to reveal the guest list to that event. Hume would later serve as President from 2008 to 2011.
Hume was easily re-elected in the 2006 municipal elections with 70% of the vote and again in 2010 with 59% of the vote. Hume is currently the Chair of the City of Ottawa's Planning Committee, a position he has held since 2003.
On August 22, 2014, Hume announced he would not be seeking re-election as councillor.
In 2015, Hume partnered with former Minto vice-president, Jack Stirling, in a "strategic partnership to pursue development projects and to advise both the private and public sector." Stirling, the old City of Nepean’s last planning commissioner before amalgamation, is well-known as another former local bureaucrat who jumped the fence in 2001 to work for Minto as vice-president of development, using his experience to stickhandle development proposals through the city’s approvals process.
In 2017, Hume was named as the first chair of a new municipal services corporation which will run the ByWard Market and Parkdale Market.
References
^ Peter Hume, City Councillor Ottawa. Facebook profile. Retrieved 2015-09-18.
^ a b c Willing, Jon (2014-08-22). "Peter Hume Not Running Again." OttawaSun.com. Retrieved 2015-09-18.
^ a b c Pearson, Matthew (2014-08-22). "Planning Chair Peter Hume Stepping Down." OttawaCitizen.com. Retrieved 2015-09-18.
^ 2002 Leadership Contest CR-5 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Archived April 28, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Cullen Faces Difficult Uncertain Mayoral Race" (2009-04-15). Ottawa Citizen.
^ Ottawa Sun (2005-12-24). p. 7.
^ Reevely, David (2015-08-28). "Reevely: Ottawa's former planning boss goes into business with former Minto VP." OttawaCitizen.com. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
^ "Former councillor Peter Hume is Ottawa's new city markets boss".
External links
Official site
Preceded byDarrel Kent
City councillors from Alta Vista Ward 1991-1994
Succeeded byAllan Higdon (Alta Vista-Canterbury Ward)
Preceded byDarrel Kent
Regional councillors from Alta Vista Ward 1991-2000
Succeeded byposition abolished
Preceded byAllan Higdon (Alta Vista-Canterbury Ward)
City councillors from Alta Vista Ward 2001-present
Succeeded byJean Cloutier
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"councillor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_City_Council"},{"link_name":"Ottawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa"},{"link_name":"Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario"},{"link_name":"Alta Vista Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_Vista_Ward"},{"link_name":"weasel words","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Willing-2"},{"link_name":"Hawthorne Public School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_Public_School_(Ottawa)"},{"link_name":"Canterbury High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_High_School_(Ottawa)"},{"link_name":"Carleton University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carleton_University"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pearson-3"},{"link_name":"Michael McSweeney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_McSweeney&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Darrel Kent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrel_Kent"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Ottawa-Carleton"},{"link_name":"2000 Ottawa election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Ottawa_election"},{"link_name":"Allan Higdon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Higdon"},{"link_name":"Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Ottawa-Carleton"},{"link_name":"2003 Ottawa election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Ottawa_election"},{"link_name":"Ontario Progressive Conservative Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario_Progressive_Conservative_Party"},{"link_name":"Jim Flaherty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Flaherty"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"red Tory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Tory"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pearson-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Association of Municipalities of Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Municipalities_of_Ontario"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Willing-2"},{"link_name":"2006 municipal elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Ottawa_municipal_election"},{"link_name":"in 2010","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Ottawa_municipal_election"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Willing-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pearson-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Reevely-7"},{"link_name":"ByWard Market","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ByWard_Market"},{"link_name":"Parkdale Market","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parkdale_Market&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Peter Ernest Hume (born June 19, 1963)[1] was a city councillor in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He represented Alta Vista Ward in the south end of the city. He was considered by some[weasel words] to have been \"the most respected politician in Ottawa\".[2]Hume grew up in the Canterbury area of Alta Vista Ward. He attended Hawthorne Public School and Canterbury High School before graduating with a degree in Economics from Carleton University.[3] He would then work as an assistant to Canterbury Ward councillor Michael McSweeney and then Alta Vista Ward councillor Darrel Kent.[citation needed]Hume was first elected as a city and regional councillor in 1991. In 1994 he was elected to the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton council (when it became an independently elected position). He was re-elected in 1997. In the 2000 Ottawa election, he chose to run against Ottawa city councillor Allan Higdon for city council, as the City of Ottawa and the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton were set to amalgamate the following year. He was able to defeat Higdon, and was acclaimed three years later in the 2003 Ottawa election. In 2002, Hume contributed $362.26 to the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party leadership campaign of Jim Flaherty.[4] Hume is generally considered to be a \"red Tory\",[3] who \"votes in favour of social spending, but talks convincingly about fiscal responsibility.\"[5]In 2004, Hume allowed a private developer to hold a private party to raise money to pay off a debt Hume had received from running for President of the Association of Municipalities of Ontario. Both Hume and the host of the party has refused to reveal the guest list to that event.[6] Hume would later serve as President from 2008 to 2011.[2]Hume was easily re-elected in the 2006 municipal elections with 70% of the vote and again in 2010 with 59% of the vote. Hume is currently the Chair of the City of Ottawa's Planning Committee, a position he has held since 2003.[2]On August 22, 2014, Hume announced he would not be seeking re-election as councillor.[3]In 2015, Hume partnered with former Minto vice-president, Jack Stirling, in a \"strategic partnership to pursue development projects and to advise both the private and public sector.\" Stirling, the old City of Nepean’s last planning commissioner before amalgamation, is well-known as another former local bureaucrat who jumped the fence in 2001 to work for Minto as vice-president of development,[7] using his experience to stickhandle development proposals through the city’s approvals process.In 2017, Hume was named as the first chair of a new municipal services corporation which will run the ByWard Market and Parkdale Market.[8]","title":"Peter Hume (politician)"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Former councillor Peter Hume is Ottawa's new city markets boss\".","urls":[{"url":"https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/former-councillor-peter-hume-is-ottawas-new-city-markets-boss","url_text":"\"Former councillor Peter Hume is Ottawa's new city markets boss\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.facebook.com/PeterHumeOttawa/info","external_links_name":"Peter Hume, City Councillor Ottawa."},{"Link":"http://www.ottawasun.com/2014/08/22/peter-hume-not-running-again","external_links_name":"\"Peter Hume Not Running Again.\""},{"Link":"https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/planning-chair-peter-hume-stepping-down","external_links_name":"\"Planning Chair Peter Hume Stepping Down.\""},{"Link":"http://www.electionsontario.on.ca/stats/02files/leadership/02pcp_jfcr5.htm","external_links_name":"2002 Leadership Contest CR-5 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050428083919/http://www.electionsontario.on.ca/stats/02files/leadership/02pcp_jfcr5.htm","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://ottawacitizen.com/travel/south-america/Cullen+faces+difficult+uncertain+mayoral+race/1465922/story.html","external_links_name":"\"Cullen Faces Difficult Uncertain Mayoral Race\""},{"Link":"https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/reevely-ottawas-former-planning-boss-goes-into-business-with","external_links_name":"\"Reevely: Ottawa's former planning boss goes into business with former Minto VP.\""},{"Link":"https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/former-councillor-peter-hume-is-ottawas-new-city-markets-boss","external_links_name":"\"Former councillor Peter Hume is Ottawa's new city markets boss\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050307141013/http://www.peterhume.ca/","external_links_name":"Official site"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/7889152140004811100003","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018032169","external_links_name":"United States"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Garcetti | Gil Garcetti | ["1 Early life and education","2 Career","2.1 Los Angeles District Attorney","3 Other activities","3.1 Politics","3.2 Photography","3.3 The Closer","4 Personal life","5 Electoral history","6 See also","7 References","8 Additional sources","9 External links"] | American politician and attorney
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Gil GarcettiGarcetti in 201040th District Attorney of Los Angeles CountyIn officeDecember 7, 1992 – December 4, 2000Preceded byIra ReinerSucceeded bySteve Cooley
Personal detailsBornGilbert Salvador Iberri Garcetti (1941-08-05) August 5, 1941 (age 82)Los Angeles, California, U.S.Political partyDemocraticSpouseSukey RothChildren2, including EricEducationUniversity of Southern California (BA)University of California, Los Angeles (JD)
Gilbert Salvador Iberri Garcetti (born August 5, 1941) is an American politician and lawyer. He served as Los Angeles County's 40th district attorney for two terms, from 1992 until November 7, 2000. He is the father of U.S. Ambassador to India and former Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti.
Early life and education
Garcetti was born in Los Angeles, the son of Salvador Garcetti and Juanita Iberri. His father was born in Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico, and brought to the United States as a child after his own father, Massimo Garcetti, a judge and immigrant to Mexico from Italy, was hanged during the Mexican Revolution. Gil's mother was born in Arizona, one of nineteen children born to a father whose parents were from Sonora, Mexico, and a mother born in Arizona, to Mexican parents.
In 1959 Garcetti graduated from George Washington High School in South Los Angeles. The school has since become Washington Preparatory High School.
Garcetti received a bachelor's degree in management from the University of Southern California and a Juris Doctor from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Career
Before becoming Los Angeles County District Attorney, Garcetti served within the office for over twenty years, from trial prosecutor to managerial positions and eventually becoming chief deputy district attorney for his predecessor, Ira Reiner (district attorney from 1984 to 1992). Reiner demoted Garcetti shortly after his 1988 re-election.
Garcetti challenged his former mentor in the 1992 election. The campaign featured both candidates saying their opponent was corrupt. Reiner said Garcetti was a "secretive" person and "(was) not to be trusted in a position of power." Garcetti bested Reiner in the non-partisan June primary (where the top two candidates would advance should no candidate win an absolute majority), taking 34 percent to Reiner's 25, outpacing the incumbent by more than 100,000 votes. In September 1992, just two months before the general election, Reiner announced that he was suspending his campaign, saying he could not stomach the negative tactics he felt that were needed to win. California law allowed candidates to be removed from the ballot only if they died more than 59 days before the election, so Reiner remained on the ballot. Garcetti won the general election with more than 81 percent of the vote.
Los Angeles District Attorney
Entering the 1992 elections, Los Angeles County, California was still recovering from the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots. His first term was dominated by his office's prosecution of the O. J. Simpson murder case. The long, costly criminal trial ended with a "not guilty" verdict on October 3, 1995. Despite the setback, Garcetti won re-election in 1996, narrowly defeating challenger John Lynch.
Garcetti focused both his terms working to solve a number of issues including domestic violence, hate crimes, welfare fraud and combating LA's street gangs. In late 1999 the LAPD's Rampart scandal erupted with allegations of extreme police misconduct from the city's Rampart Division which likely contributed to Garcetti's defeat in the 2000 election.
Garcetti was challenged for re-election in 2000 by Steve Cooley, a veteran of the L.A. County D.A.'s office. In a situation much like Garcetti's demotion in 1988 that led him to challenge Reiner in 1992, Cooley was demoted by Garcetti after Garcetti's 1996 re-election after Cooley supported Garcetti's opponent, John Lynch.
Garcetti came in second in a competitive three-person primary, taking 37 percent of the vote to Cooley's 39. In the two-person runoff, Garcetti lost overwhelmingly, losing by a margin of approximately 64 to 36 percent.
Other activities
Politics
The 2000 election ended Garcetti's 32-year career with the LA County district attorney's office. In 2002, Los Angeles City Council president Alex Padilla appointed Garcetti to the Los Angeles city ethics commission for a five-year term. In the fall of 2002, Garcetti was a fellow at the Institute of Politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He has been developing a foundation to help Latino and African-American students complete their high school education. He is currently a strong proponent of Proposition 34, an initiative that will replace the death penalty with life in prison without the possibility of parole. Garcetti has argued that the death penalty is broken beyond repair, that it is "horrendously expensive" and that it carries the risk of executing an innocent person.
Photography
After leaving the DA's office, Garcetti focused on art photography, producing two collections on the Walt Disney Concert Hall: Iron: Erecting the Walt Disney Concert Hall (Balcony Press 2002), focusing on the ironworkers who constructed the landmark, and Frozen Music (Balcony Press 2003), focusing on the finished building itself. Photos from these works were featured in an exhibit at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C., and at the Pasadena Museum of California Art. His most recent exhibition, Dance in Cuba: Photographs by Gil Garcetti (Balcony Press 2005), was featured at the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History in Spring 2006. Water is Key: A Better Future for Africa (Balcony Press 2007) was published via a grant from the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation to the Pacific Institute as a benefit to NGOs supporting clean water projects in Africa.
The Closer
Gil Garcetti was a consulting producer on the TNT series The Closer from its debut in 2005 and Major Crimes from its debut in 2012.
His son, Los Angeles City Councilmember, Eric Garcetti, appeared as the fictional Mayor of Los Angeles Ramon Quintero, in two episodes each of both series, before becoming the real-life Mayor of Los Angeles in 2013. In his first appearance, father and son appeared together onscreen, with Gil playing the LAPD Chief of Police.
Personal life
Garcetti was married to Sukey Roth, who is of Russian Jewish descent.
Gil and Sukey Garcetti have two children. Their son, Eric, was elected to the LA City Council three times (2001, 2005, 2009) and twice as mayor of Los Angeles (2013, 2017), before becoming U.S. Ambassador to India in 2023. Their daughter, Dana Garcetti-Boldt, a former deputy district attorney in Garcetti's office, is now an acupuncturist. His daughter later returned to the law and is now serving as a Los Angeles County Deputy Public Defender.
Garcetti was portrayed by Bruce Greenwood in the 2016 miniseries The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story and by Mark Moses in the 2017 miniseries Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders .
Electoral history
Los Angeles County District Attorney primary election, 1992
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Non-partisan
Gil Garcetti
488,985
34.01
Non-partisan
Ira Reiner (incumbent)
367,984
25.59
Non-partisan
Robert K. Tanenbaum
272,841
18.97
Non-partisan
Sterling E. Morris
198,125
13.78
Non-partisan
Howard Johnson
109,742
7.63
Los Angeles County District Attorney election, 1992
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Non-partisan
Gil Garcetti
2,061,218
81.64
Non-partisan
Ira Reiner (incumbent)
463,247
18.35
Los Angeles County District Attorney primary election, 1996
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Non-partisan
Gil Garcetti (incumbent)
436,240
37.35
Non-partisan
John F. Lynch
251,590
21.54
Non-partisan
Malcolm Jordan
196,488
16.82
Non-partisan
Harold Greenberg
172,591
14.78
Non-partisan
Sterling E. Morris
83,220
7.12
Non-partisan
Steve S. Zand
27,595
2.36
Los Angeles County District Attorney election, 1996
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Non-partisan
Gil Garcetti (incumbent)
1,124,631
50.1
Non-partisan
John F. Lynch
1,119,865
49.89
Los Angeles County District Attorney primary election, 2000
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Non-partisan
Steve Cooley
573,236
38.31
Non-partisan
Gil Garcetti (incumbent)
558,066
37.3
Non-partisan
Barry Groveman
364,902
24.39
Los Angeles County District Attorney election, 2000
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Non-partisan
Steve Cooley
1,448,418
63.77
Non-partisan
Gil Garcetti (incumbent)
822,846
36.23
See also
Garcetti v. Ceballos
O.J.: Made in America
References
^ a b Finnegan, Michael (January 2, 2013). "Eric Garcetti invokes Latino-Jewish ancestry in mayor's race". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ a b c d Sheryl Stolberg (September 18, 1992). "Reiner, in Surprise Move, Drops Out of Race for D.A." The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
^ a b "Official Election Returns June 2, 1992 Primary Election" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
^ a b "Official Election Returns November 3, 1992 General Election" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
^ "Prosecutor Garcetti Apparently Re-elected". Chicago Tribune. November 21, 1996.
^ Abrahamson, Alan (November 22, 1996). "Garcetti Is Named Winner Over Lynch". Los Angeles Times.
^ a b Mitchell Landsberg and Twila Decker (November 8, 2000). "Cooley Beats Garcetti by Wide Margin". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
^ "D.A.'s Race Shapes Up as a Bitter Fight to the Finish". The Los Angeles Times. March 8, 2000. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
^ "Gil Garcetti". SAFE California. Archived from the original on 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
^ Abarbanel, Stacey (March 2, 2006). "'Dance in Cuba: Photographs by Gil Garcetti' Opens at the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History April 22" (Press release). University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ Gleick, Peter (October 7, 2011). "Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Water for Africa, and the Nobel Peace Prize". Forbes. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ "Eric Garcetti". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
^ Rex Weiner, Jewish Daily Forward: "Jews and Latinos Seek Common Ground In Los Angeles, It's a Hunt for Political 'Kosher Burrito'", Forward.com, October 7, 2011
^ Nottingham, William (June 30, 2013). "Eric Garcetti is sworn in as 42nd mayor of Los Angeles". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
^ Belgum, Deborah (February 11, 1997). "D.A.'s Daughter Makes Own Way". Los Angeles Times.
^ "Deputy District Attorney Turned Acupuncturist - December 2008". Acupuncture.com. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
^ "Dana Michelle Garcetti # 182134 - Attorney Licensee Search".
^ "Official Election Returns March 26, 1996 Primary Election" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
^ "Official Election Returns November 5, 1996 General Election" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
^ "Official Election Returns March 7, 2000 Primary Election" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
^ "Official Election Returns November 7, 2000 General Election" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
Additional sources
Robert Greene, Former District Attorney Gil Garcetti Nominated to City Ethics Commission, Metropolitan News-Enterprise, August 15, 2002; accessed May 19, 2006
Benjamin Parke, D.A. Gil Garcetti criticized for Belmont school failure, Rampart scandal, Daily Bruin, February 10, 2000; accessed May 19, 2006
Scott Simon, The Legacy of the O.J. Simpson Case, Weekend Edition (NPR), June 12, 2004; accessed May 19, 2006
Scott Simon, Garcetti Photos Capture Disney Hall, Ironworkers, Weekend Edition (NPR), September 11, 2004; accessed May 19, 2006
External links
L.A. County District Attorney profile Archived 2008-11-14 at the Wayback Machine
Wells Bring Hope: Gil's Story
Sacks, Glenn (December 18, 2008). "Ex-LA County DA Gil Garcetti's Child Support Enforcement Victimized Thousands of Innocent Men" Fathers and Families.org
Legal offices
Preceded byIra Reiner
Los Angeles County District Attorney 1992–2000
Succeeded bySteve Cooley
vteMurder trial of O. J. SimpsonKey figures
O. J. Simpson (defendant)
Nicole Brown Simpson (victim)
Ron Goldman (victim)
Judge
Lance Ito
Prosecution figures
Marcia Clark
Christopher Darden
Gil Garcetti
William Hodgman
Defense figures
F. Lee Bailey
Johnnie Cochran
Alan Dershowitz
Carl E. Douglas
Robert Kardashian
Peter Neufeld
Barry Scheck
Robert Shapiro
Gerald Uelmen
Witnesses
Traci Adell
Michael Baden
Pablo Fenjves
Mark Fuhrman
Kato Kaelin
Henry Lee
Other figures
Al Cowlings
Faye Resnick
Other elements
Brentwood
Centinela Avenue
DNA evidence
Ford Bronco chase
Fuhrman tapes
Innocence Project
Reactions to verdict
In popular culture
The O. J. Simpson Story
Outrage
If I Did It: Confessions of the Killer
American Tragedy
The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story
June 17th, 1994
O.J.: Made in America
The Juice
The Murder of Nicole Brown Simpson
Authority control databases International
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Photographers' Identities
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IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Los Angeles County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County"},{"link_name":"district attorney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_District_Attorney"},{"link_name":"Eric Garcetti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Garcetti"}],"text":"Gilbert Salvador Iberri Garcetti (born August 5, 1941) is an American politician and lawyer. He served as Los Angeles County's 40th district attorney for two terms, from 1992 until November 7, 2000. He is the father of U.S. Ambassador to India and former Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti.","title":"Gil Garcetti"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Parral, Chihuahua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral,_Chihuahua"},{"link_name":"immigrant to Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Mexico"},{"link_name":"Mexican Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Revolution"},{"link_name":"Arizona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona"},{"link_name":"Sonora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonora"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LatinoJewish-1"},{"link_name":"Washington Preparatory High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Preparatory_High_School"},{"link_name":"bachelor's degree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"},{"link_name":"University of Southern California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California"},{"link_name":"Juris Doctor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor"},{"link_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles"}],"text":"Garcetti was born in Los Angeles, the son of Salvador Garcetti and Juanita Iberri. His father was born in Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico, and brought to the United States as a child after his own father, Massimo Garcetti, a judge and immigrant to Mexico from Italy, was hanged during the Mexican Revolution. Gil's mother was born in Arizona, one of nineteen children born to a father whose parents were from Sonora, Mexico, and a mother born in Arizona, to Mexican parents.[1]In 1959 Garcetti graduated from George Washington High School in South Los Angeles. The school has since become Washington Preparatory High School.Garcetti received a bachelor's degree in management from the University of Southern California and a Juris Doctor from the University of California, Los Angeles.","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Los Angeles County District Attorney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_District_Attorney"},{"link_name":"prosecutor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor"},{"link_name":"Ira Reiner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Reiner"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ira-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ira-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-elect1-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ira-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ira-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-elect2-4"}],"text":"Before becoming Los Angeles County District Attorney, Garcetti served within the office for over twenty years, from trial prosecutor to managerial positions and eventually becoming chief deputy district attorney for his predecessor, Ira Reiner (district attorney from 1984 to 1992). Reiner demoted Garcetti shortly after his 1988 re-election.[2]Garcetti challenged his former mentor in the 1992 election. The campaign featured both candidates saying their opponent was corrupt. Reiner said Garcetti was a \"secretive\" person and \"(was) not to be trusted in a position of power.\"[2] Garcetti bested Reiner in the non-partisan June primary (where the top two candidates would advance should no candidate win an absolute majority), taking 34 percent to Reiner's 25, outpacing the incumbent by more than 100,000 votes.[3] In September 1992, just two months before the general election, Reiner announced that he was suspending his campaign, saying he could not stomach the negative tactics he felt that were needed to win.[2] California law allowed candidates to be removed from the ballot only if they died more than 59 days before the election, so Reiner remained on the ballot.[2] Garcetti won the general election with more than 81 percent of the vote.[4]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Los Angeles County, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California"},{"link_name":"1992 Los Angeles riots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots"},{"link_name":"O. 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His first term was dominated by his office's prosecution of the O. J. Simpson murder case. The long, costly criminal trial ended with a \"not guilty\" verdict on October 3, 1995. Despite the setback, Garcetti won re-election in 1996, narrowly defeating challenger John Lynch.[5][6]Garcetti focused both his terms working to solve a number of issues including domestic violence, hate crimes, welfare fraud and combating LA's street gangs. In late 1999 the LAPD's Rampart scandal erupted with allegations of extreme police misconduct from the city's Rampart Division which likely contributed to Garcetti's defeat in the 2000 election.Garcetti was challenged for re-election in 2000 by Steve Cooley, a veteran of the L.A. County D.A.'s office. In a situation much like Garcetti's demotion in 1988 that led him to challenge Reiner in 1992, Cooley was demoted by Garcetti after Garcetti's 1996 re-election after Cooley supported Garcetti's opponent, John Lynch.[7]Garcetti came in second in a competitive three-person primary, taking 37 percent of the vote to Cooley's 39.[8] In the two-person runoff, Garcetti lost overwhelmingly, losing by a margin of approximately 64 to 36 percent.[7]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Los Angeles City Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Council"},{"link_name":"Alex Padilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Padilla"},{"link_name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government"},{"link_name":"Harvard University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"sub_title":"Politics","text":"The 2000 election ended Garcetti's 32-year career with the LA County district attorney's office. In 2002, Los Angeles City Council president Alex Padilla appointed Garcetti to the Los Angeles city ethics commission for a five-year term. In the fall of 2002, Garcetti was a fellow at the Institute of Politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He has been developing a foundation to help Latino and African-American students complete their high school education. He is currently a strong proponent of Proposition 34, an initiative that will replace the death penalty with life in prison without the possibility of parole. Garcetti has argued that the death penalty is broken beyond repair, that it is \"horrendously expensive\" and that it carries the risk of executing an innocent person.[9]","title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"art photography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_photography"},{"link_name":"Walt Disney Concert Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall"},{"link_name":"ironworkers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironworker"},{"link_name":"National Building Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Building_Museum"},{"link_name":"Washington, D.C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C."},{"link_name":"Pasadena Museum of California Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena_Museum_of_California_Art"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Conrad N. Hilton Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_N._Hilton_Foundation"},{"link_name":"Pacific Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Institute"},{"link_name":"NGOs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-governmental_organization"},{"link_name":"Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"sub_title":"Photography","text":"After leaving the DA's office, Garcetti focused on art photography, producing two collections on the Walt Disney Concert Hall: Iron: Erecting the Walt Disney Concert Hall (Balcony Press 2002), focusing on the ironworkers who constructed the landmark, and Frozen Music (Balcony Press 2003), focusing on the finished building itself. Photos from these works were featured in an exhibit at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C., and at the Pasadena Museum of California Art. His most recent exhibition, Dance in Cuba: Photographs by Gil Garcetti (Balcony Press 2005), was featured at the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History in Spring 2006.[10] Water is Key: A Better Future for Africa (Balcony Press 2007) was published via a grant from the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation to the Pacific Institute as a benefit to NGOs supporting clean water projects in Africa.[11]","title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Closer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Closer"},{"link_name":"Major Crimes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_Crimes_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles City Councilmember","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Council"},{"link_name":"Eric Garcetti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Garcetti"},{"link_name":"Mayor of Los Angeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"The Closer","text":"Gil Garcetti was a consulting producer on the TNT series The Closer from its debut in 2005 and Major Crimes from its debut in 2012.His son, Los Angeles City Councilmember, Eric Garcetti, appeared as the fictional Mayor of Los Angeles Ramon Quintero, in two episodes each of both series, before becoming the real-life Mayor of Los Angeles in 2013.[12] In his first appearance, father and son appeared together onscreen, with Gil playing the LAPD Chief of Police.","title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Russian Jewish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LatinoJewish-1"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Eric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Garcetti"},{"link_name":"LA City Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LA_City_Council"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EricSwornIn-14"},{"link_name":"U.S. Ambassador to India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_India"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"acupuncturist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acupuncturist"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Bruce Greenwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Greenwood"},{"link_name":"The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_People_v._O._J._Simpson:_American_Crime_Story"},{"link_name":"Mark Moses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Moses"},{"link_name":"Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_%26_Order_True_Crime"}],"text":"Garcetti was married to Sukey Roth, who is of Russian Jewish descent.[1][13]Gil and Sukey Garcetti have two children. Their son, Eric, was elected to the LA City Council three times (2001, 2005, 2009) and twice as mayor of Los Angeles (2013, 2017), [14] before becoming U.S. Ambassador to India in 2023. Their daughter, Dana Garcetti-Boldt, a former deputy district attorney in Garcetti's office,[15] is now an acupuncturist.[16] His daughter later returned to the law and is now serving as a Los Angeles County Deputy Public Defender. [17]Garcetti was portrayed by Bruce Greenwood in the 2016 miniseries The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story and by Mark Moses in the 2017 miniseries Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders .","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Electoral history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Former District Attorney Gil Garcetti Nominated to City Ethics Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.metnews.com/articles/garc081502.htm"},{"link_name":"D.A. Gil Garcetti criticized for Belmont school failure, Rampart scandal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20060617180036/http://www.dailybruin.ucla.edu/db/issues/00/02.10/news.county.html"},{"link_name":"Daily Bruin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Bruin"},{"link_name":"The Legacy of the O.J. Simpson Case","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1956129"},{"link_name":"Weekend Edition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekend_Edition"},{"link_name":"NPR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio"},{"link_name":"Garcetti Photos Capture Disney Hall, Ironworkers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3911097"},{"link_name":"Weekend Edition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekend_Edition"},{"link_name":"NPR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio"}],"text":"Robert Greene, Former District Attorney Gil Garcetti Nominated to City Ethics Commission, Metropolitan News-Enterprise, August 15, 2002; accessed May 19, 2006\nBenjamin Parke, D.A. Gil Garcetti criticized for Belmont school failure, Rampart scandal, Daily Bruin, February 10, 2000; accessed May 19, 2006\nScott Simon, The Legacy of the O.J. Simpson Case, Weekend Edition (NPR), June 12, 2004; accessed May 19, 2006\nScott Simon, Garcetti Photos Capture Disney Hall, Ironworkers, Weekend Edition (NPR), September 11, 2004; accessed May 19, 2006","title":"Additional sources"}] | [] | [{"title":"Garcetti v. Ceballos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcetti_v._Ceballos"},{"title":"O.J.: Made in America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O.J.:_Made_in_America"}] | [{"reference":"Finnegan, Michael (January 2, 2013). \"Eric Garcetti invokes Latino-Jewish ancestry in mayor's race\". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 23, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/02/local/la-me-garcetti-mayor-20130102","url_text":"\"Eric Garcetti invokes Latino-Jewish ancestry in mayor's race\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"}]},{"reference":"Sheryl Stolberg (September 18, 1992). \"Reiner, in Surprise Move, Drops Out of Race for D.A.\" The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/1992-09-18/news/mn-676_1_chief-deputy/2","url_text":"\"Reiner, in Surprise Move, Drops Out of Race for D.A.\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Election Returns June 2, 1992 Primary Election\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved November 30, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-06021992.PDF","url_text":"\"Official Election Returns June 2, 1992 Primary Election\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Election Returns November 3, 1992 General Election\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved November 30, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-11031992.PDF","url_text":"\"Official Election Returns November 3, 1992 General Election\""}]},{"reference":"\"Prosecutor Garcetti Apparently Re-elected\". Chicago Tribune. November 21, 1996.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-11-21/news/9611210156_1_gil-garcetti-drive-by-slaying-hollywood-madam-heidi-fleiss","url_text":"\"Prosecutor Garcetti Apparently Re-elected\""}]},{"reference":"Abrahamson, Alan (November 22, 1996). \"Garcetti Is Named Winner Over Lynch\". Los Angeles Times.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/1996-11-22/local/me-1764_1_gil-garcetti","url_text":"\"Garcetti Is Named Winner Over Lynch\""}]},{"reference":"Mitchell Landsberg and Twila Decker (November 8, 2000). \"Cooley Beats Garcetti by Wide Margin\". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2000/nov/08/news/mn-48881","url_text":"\"Cooley Beats Garcetti by Wide Margin\""}]},{"reference":"\"D.A.'s Race Shapes Up as a Bitter Fight to the Finish\". The Los Angeles Times. March 8, 2000. Retrieved December 1, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2000/mar/09/local/me-7004","url_text":"\"D.A.'s Race Shapes Up as a Bitter Fight to the Finish\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gil Garcetti\". SAFE California. Archived from the original on 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2016-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/garcetti","url_text":"\"Gil Garcetti\""},{"url":"http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/garcetti","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Abarbanel, Stacey (March 2, 2006). \"'Dance in Cuba: Photographs by Gil Garcetti' Opens at the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History April 22\" (Press release). University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved May 23, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/Dance-in-Cuba-Photographs-by-6866.aspx","url_text":"\"'Dance in Cuba: Photographs by Gil Garcetti' Opens at the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History April 22\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles","url_text":"University of California, Los Angeles"}]},{"reference":"Gleick, Peter (October 7, 2011). \"Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Water for Africa, and the Nobel Peace Prize\". Forbes. Retrieved May 23, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gleick","url_text":"Gleick, Peter"},{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/petergleick/2011/10/07/ellen-johnson-sirleaf-water-for-africa-and-the-nobel-peace-prize","url_text":"\"Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Water for Africa, and the Nobel Peace Prize\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes","url_text":"Forbes"}]},{"reference":"\"Eric Garcetti\". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1553568/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1","url_text":"\"Eric Garcetti\""}]},{"reference":"Nottingham, William (June 30, 2013). \"Eric Garcetti is sworn in as 42nd mayor of Los Angeles\". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 1, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-la-eric-garcetti-is-sworn-in-20130630,0,5077366.story","url_text":"\"Eric Garcetti is sworn in as 42nd mayor of Los Angeles\""}]},{"reference":"Belgum, Deborah (February 11, 1997). \"D.A.'s Daughter Makes Own Way\". Los Angeles Times.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-11/local/me-35985_1_district-attorney","url_text":"\"D.A.'s Daughter Makes Own Way\""}]},{"reference":"\"Deputy District Attorney Turned Acupuncturist - December 2008\". Acupuncture.com. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2016-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191017123534/http://www.acupuncture.com/newsletters/m_dec08/attorney%20acupuncturist.htm","url_text":"\"Deputy District Attorney Turned Acupuncturist - December 2008\""},{"url":"http://www.acupuncture.com/newsletters/m_dec08/attorney%20acupuncturist.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Dana Michelle Garcetti # 182134 - Attorney Licensee Search\".","urls":[{"url":"https://apps.calbar.ca.gov/attorney/Licensee/Detail/182134","url_text":"\"Dana Michelle Garcetti # 182134 - Attorney Licensee Search\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Election Returns March 26, 1996 Primary Election\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved November 30, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-03261996.PDF","url_text":"\"Official Election Returns March 26, 1996 Primary Election\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Election Returns November 5, 1996 General Election\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved December 1, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-11051996.PDF","url_text":"\"Official Election Returns November 5, 1996 General Election\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Election Returns March 7, 2000 Primary Election\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved December 1, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-58-03072000.PDF","url_text":"\"Official Election Returns March 7, 2000 Primary Election\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Election Returns November 7, 2000 General Election\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Department of Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. Retrieved December 1, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-83-11072000.PDF","url_text":"\"Official Election Returns November 7, 2000 General Election\""}]}] | [{"Link":"http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/02/local/la-me-garcetti-mayor-20130102","external_links_name":"\"Eric Garcetti invokes Latino-Jewish ancestry in mayor's race\""},{"Link":"http://articles.latimes.com/1992-09-18/news/mn-676_1_chief-deputy/2","external_links_name":"\"Reiner, in Surprise Move, Drops Out of Race for D.A.\""},{"Link":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-06021992.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Official Election Returns June 2, 1992 Primary Election\""},{"Link":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-11031992.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Official Election Returns November 3, 1992 General Election\""},{"Link":"http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-11-21/news/9611210156_1_gil-garcetti-drive-by-slaying-hollywood-madam-heidi-fleiss","external_links_name":"\"Prosecutor Garcetti Apparently Re-elected\""},{"Link":"http://articles.latimes.com/1996-11-22/local/me-1764_1_gil-garcetti","external_links_name":"\"Garcetti Is Named Winner Over Lynch\""},{"Link":"http://articles.latimes.com/2000/nov/08/news/mn-48881","external_links_name":"\"Cooley Beats Garcetti by Wide Margin\""},{"Link":"http://articles.latimes.com/2000/mar/09/local/me-7004","external_links_name":"\"D.A.'s Race Shapes Up as a Bitter Fight to the Finish\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/garcetti","external_links_name":"\"Gil Garcetti\""},{"Link":"http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/garcetti","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/Dance-in-Cuba-Photographs-by-6866.aspx","external_links_name":"\"'Dance in Cuba: Photographs by Gil Garcetti' Opens at the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History April 22\""},{"Link":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/petergleick/2011/10/07/ellen-johnson-sirleaf-water-for-africa-and-the-nobel-peace-prize","external_links_name":"\"Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Water for Africa, and the Nobel Peace Prize\""},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1553568/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1","external_links_name":"\"Eric Garcetti\""},{"Link":"http://forward.com/articles/143986/","external_links_name":"Jewish Daily Forward: \"Jews and Latinos Seek Common Ground In Los Angeles, It's a Hunt for Political 'Kosher Burrito'\""},{"Link":"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-la-eric-garcetti-is-sworn-in-20130630,0,5077366.story","external_links_name":"\"Eric Garcetti is sworn in as 42nd mayor of Los Angeles\""},{"Link":"http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-11/local/me-35985_1_district-attorney","external_links_name":"\"D.A.'s Daughter Makes Own Way\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191017123534/http://www.acupuncture.com/newsletters/m_dec08/attorney%20acupuncturist.htm","external_links_name":"\"Deputy District Attorney Turned Acupuncturist - December 2008\""},{"Link":"http://www.acupuncture.com/newsletters/m_dec08/attorney%20acupuncturist.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://apps.calbar.ca.gov/attorney/Licensee/Detail/182134","external_links_name":"\"Dana Michelle Garcetti # 182134 - Attorney Licensee Search\""},{"Link":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-03261996.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Official Election Returns March 26, 1996 Primary Election\""},{"Link":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-000-11051996.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Official Election Returns November 5, 1996 General Election\""},{"Link":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-58-03072000.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Official Election Returns March 7, 2000 Primary Election\""},{"Link":"http://apps1.lavote.net/General/ARCHIVES/OFFICIAL_ELECTION_RETURNS/PDFS/OER-83-11072000.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Official Election Returns November 7, 2000 General Election\""},{"Link":"http://www.metnews.com/articles/garc081502.htm","external_links_name":"Former District Attorney Gil Garcetti Nominated to City Ethics Commission"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060617180036/http://www.dailybruin.ucla.edu/db/issues/00/02.10/news.county.html","external_links_name":"D.A. Gil Garcetti criticized for Belmont school failure, Rampart scandal"},{"Link":"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1956129","external_links_name":"The Legacy of the O.J. Simpson Case"},{"Link":"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3911097","external_links_name":"Garcetti Photos Capture Disney Hall, Ironworkers"},{"Link":"http://da.co.la.ca.us/history/garcetti.htm","external_links_name":"L.A. County District Attorney profile"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081114151827/http://da.co.la.ca.us/history/garcetti.htm","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.wellsbringhope.org/gil","external_links_name":"Wells Bring Hope: Gil's Story"},{"Link":"http://www.fathersandfamilies.org/?p=1016","external_links_name":"Sacks, Glenn (December 18, 2008). \"Ex-LA County DA Gil Garcetti's Child Support Enforcement Victimized Thousands of Innocent Men\" Fathers and Families.org"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/439206/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000046385605","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/39014633","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhMkfPxftVwXdMGVVYpT3","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3046985","external_links_name":"Norway"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99073474","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p290799147","external_links_name":"Netherlands"},{"Link":"https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/273671","external_links_name":"Photographers' Identities"},{"Link":"https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500345834","external_links_name":"ULAN"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/152890548","external_links_name":"IdRef"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Plaines_station | Des Plaines station | ["1 Bus connections","2 References","3 External links"] | Coordinates: 42°02′28″N 87°53′12″W / 42.0410°N 87.8866°W / 42.0410; -87.8866Railroad station in Des Plaines, Illinois, US
Des PlainesGeneral informationLocation1501 Miner Street (US 14)Des Plaines, Illinois 60016Coordinates42°02′28″N 87°53′12″W / 42.0410°N 87.8866°W / 42.0410; -87.8866Owned byCity of Des PlainesPlatforms1 side platform1 island platformTracks3Connections Pace BusesConstructionParkingYesAccessibleYesOther informationFare zone3HistoryOpened1848Rebuilt1915, 1979Passengers20181,209 (average weekday) 5.9%Rank30 out of 236
Services
Preceding station
Metra
Following station
Cumberlandtoward Harvard or McHenry
Union Pacific Northwest
Dee Roadtoward Ogilvie
Former services
Preceding station
Chicago and North Western Railway
Following station
Barringtontoward Minneapolis
Chicago – Minneapolis via Madison
Park Ridgetoward Chicago
Cumberlandtoward Crystal Lake
Wisconsin Division
Dee Roadtoward Chicago
Track layout
Legend
UP-NW northwestto Harvard or McHenry
US 12 EB / US 45 SB
(Graceland Ave.)
US 12 WB / US 45 NB
(Lee St.)
Ellinwood St.
Pearson St.
US 14 (Miner St.)
River Rd.
UP-NW southeast to Ogilvie
Location
Not to be confused with Forest Park station, a Chicago "L" station formerly known as Desplaines.
Des Plaines is one of two commuter railroad stations on Metra's Union Pacific Northwest Line in Des Plaines, Illinois. The station is located at 1501 Miner Street (US 14), and lies 16.7 miles (26.9 km) from the Ogilvie Transportation Center in Chicago. In Metra's zone-based fare system, Des Plaines is in zone 3. As of 2018, Des Plaines is the 30th busiest of the 236 non-downtown stations in the Metra system, with an average of 1,209 weekday boardings.
Parking is mostly available along the streets on either side of the tracks. Primarily this includes Miner Street between southeast of Perry Street and west of Des Plaines River Road. Other parking areas exist along Ellinwood Street between Pearson Street and Des Plaines River Road east of the Des Plaines Public Library, a lot on Webford Avenue off of Graceland Avenue (southbound US 12 / 45), and on Prairie Avenue east of Pearson Street.
As of May 30, 2023, Des Plaines is served by 69 trains (34 inbound, 35 outbound) on weekdays, by 31 trains (16 inbound, 15 outbound) on Saturdays, and by 19 trains (nine inbound, 10 outbound) on Sundays.
On weekdays, four inbound trains originate, and five outbound trains terminate, at Des Plaines.
Bus connections
Pace
208 Golf Road
209 Busse Highway (weekdays only)
226 Oakton Street (weekdays only)
230 South Des Plaines (weekdays only)
234 Wheeling/Des Plaines (weekdays only)
250 Dempster Street
Pulse Dempster Line
References
^ a b c "Commuter Rail System Station Boarding/Alighting Count: Summary Results Fall 2018" (PDF). Metra. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2019.
^ "RAILROAD OPERATING INFORMATION". Retrieved 19 April 2017.
External links
Metra - Des Plaines Station
Chicago Railfan.net:
Des Plaines Station
Des Plaines Freight Sidings and Other Views
Station from Pearson Street from Google Maps Street View
Station from Lee Street from Google Maps Street View
vteMetra stationsBNSF Line
Union Station
Halsted Street
Western Avenue
Cicero
Clyde (closed)
La Vergne
Berwyn
Harlem Avenue
Riverside
Hollywood
Brookfield
Congress Park
La Grange Road
Stone Avenue
Western Springs
Highlands
Hinsdale
West Hinsdale
Clarendon Hills
Westmont
Fairview Avenue
Downers Grove Main Street
Belmont
Lisle
Naperville
Route 59
Aurora
Heritage Corridor
Union Station
Halsted Street (closed)
Brighton Park (closed)
Glenn (closed)
Summit
Willow Springs
Lemont
Romeoville
5th Street (closed)
Lockport
Joliet
Metra Electric District
Millennium Station
Van Buren Street
Museum Campus/11th Street
18th Street
McCormick Place
27th Street
47th Street (Kenwood)
51st–53rd Street (Hyde Park)
55th–56th–57th Street
59th Street/University of Chicago
63rd Street
67th Street (closed)
75th Street (Grand Crossing)
79th Street (Chatham)
83rd Street (Avalon Park)
87th Street (Woodruff)
91st Street (Chesterfield)
95th Street/Chicago State University
103rd Street (Rosemoor)
107th Street
111th Street (Pullman)
Kensington/115th Street
Riverdale
Ivanhoe
147th Street (Sibley Boulevard)
Harvey
Hazel Crest
Calumet
Homewood
Flossmoor
Olympia Fields
211th Street (Lincoln Highway)
Matteson
Richton Park
University Park
South Chicago Branch
Stony Island
Bryn Mawr
South Shore
Windsor Park
Cheltenham
83rd Street
87th Street
91st Street (South Chicago) (closed)
South Chicago (93rd Street)
Blue Island Branch
State Street
Stewart Ridge
West Pullman
Racine Avenue
Ashland/Calumet Park
Burr Oak
Blue Island
Milwaukee District North Line
Union Station
Western Avenue
Healy
Grayland
Mayfair
Forest Glen
Edgebrook
Morton Grove
Golf
Glenview
North Glenview
Northbrook
Lake Cook Road
Deerfield
Lake Forest
Rondout (closed)
Libertyville
Prairie Crossing
Grayslake
Round Lake
Long Lake
Wilson Road (closed)
Ingleside
Fox Lake
Milwaukee District West Line
Union Station
Western Avenue
Hermosa (closed)
Grand/Cicero
Cragin (closed)
Hanson Park
Galewood
Mars
Mont Clare
Elmwood Park
River Grove
Franklin Park
Mannheim
Bensenville
Wood Dale
Itasca
Medinah
Roselle
Schaumburg
Hanover Park
Bartlett
National Street
Elgin
Big Timber Road
Rockford Intercity Passenger Rail
Huntley (future)
Belvidere (future)
Rockford (future)
North Central Service
Union Station
Western Avenue
River Grove
Belmont Avenue
Schiller Park
Rosemont
O'Hare Transfer
Prospect Heights
Wheeling
Buffalo Grove
Prairie View
Vernon Hills
Mundelein
Prairie Crossing
Washington Street
Round Lake Beach
Lake Villa
Antioch
Rock Island District
LaSalle Street
35th Street
Auburn Park (closed; future)
Gresham
95th Street–Longwood
99th Street–Longwood (closed)
103rd Street–Washington Heights
Givins (closed)
Blue Island–Vermont Street
Robbins
Midlothian
Oak Forest
Tinley Park
Tinley Park – 80th Avenue
Hickory Creek
Mokena
New Lenox
Joliet
Beverly Branch
Brainerd
91st Street–Beverly Hills
95th Street–Beverly Hills
99th Street–Beverly Hills
103rd Street–Beverly Hills
107th Street–Beverly Hills
111th Street–Morgan Park
115th Street–Morgan Park
119th Street
123rd Street
Prairie Street
SouthWest Service
Union Station
Western Avenue (closed)
Wrightwood
Ashburn
Oak Lawn
Chicago Ridge
Worth
Palos Heights
Palos Park
Orland Park 143rd Street
Orland Park 153rd Street
Orland Park 179th Street
Laraway Road
Manhattan
Union Pacific North Line
Ogilvie
Clybourn
Ravenswood
Peterson/Ridge
Rogers Park
Evanston Main Street
Evanston Davis Street
Evanston Central Street
Wilmette
Kenilworth
Indian Hill
Winnetka
Hubbard Woods
Glencoe
Braeside
Ravinia Park
Ravinia
Highland Park
Highwood
Fort Sheridan
Lake Forest
Lake Bluff
Great Lakes
North Chicago
Abbott's Platform (closed)
Waukegan
Zion
Winthrop Harbor
Kenosha
Union Pacific Northwest Line
Ogilvie
Clybourn
Irving Park
Jefferson Park
Gladstone Park
Norwood Park
Edison Park
Park Ridge
Dee Road
Des Plaines
Cumberland
Mount Prospect
Arlington Heights
Arlington Park
Palatine
Barrington
Fox River Grove
Cary
Pingree Road
Crystal Lake
Woodstock
Hartland (closed)
Harvard
McHenry Branch
McHenry
Union Pacific West Line
Ogilvie
Kedzie
Oak Park
River Forest
Maywood
Melrose Park
Bellwood
Berkeley
Elmhurst
Villa Park
Lombard
Glen Ellyn
College Avenue
Wheaton
Winfield
West Chicago
Geneva
La Fox
Elburn
Category
Bold denotes downtown terminals
Italics denote closed stations, future stations, and unused line segments.
vteDes Plaines, IllinoisPublic schools
Community Consolidated SD 62
East Maine School District 63
Community Consolidated SD 59
Maine Township HSD 207
Maine West HS
Maine North HS (closed)
Private schools
The Willows Academy
Other education
Des Plaines Public Library
Oakton College
Landmarks
Des Plaines crater
Des Plaines Methodist Camp Ground
Lake Opeka
Maryville Academy
McDonald's #1 Store Museum
Rivers Casino
Transportation
Cumberland station
Des Plaines station
This list is incomplete.
This Illinois train station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Forest Park station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Park_station"},{"link_name":"Chicago \"L\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_%22L%22"},{"link_name":"Metra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metra"},{"link_name":"Union Pacific Northwest Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Pacific_Northwest_Line"},{"link_name":"Des Plaines, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Plaines,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"US 14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_14_in_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Ogilvie Transportation Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogilvie_Transportation_Center"},{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Des_Plaines_station&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Des Plaines Public Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Plaines_Public_Library"},{"link_name":"US 12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_12_in_Illinois"},{"link_name":"45","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_45_in_Illinois"}],"text":"Railroad station in Des Plaines, Illinois, USNot to be confused with Forest Park station, a Chicago \"L\" station formerly known as Desplaines.Des Plaines is one of two commuter railroad stations on Metra's Union Pacific Northwest Line in Des Plaines, Illinois. The station is located at 1501 Miner Street (US 14), and lies 16.7 miles (26.9 km) from the Ogilvie Transportation Center in Chicago.[2] In Metra's zone-based fare system, Des Plaines is in zone 3. As of 2018[update], Des Plaines is the 30th busiest of the 236 non-downtown stations in the Metra system, with an average of 1,209 weekday boardings.[1]Parking is mostly available along the streets on either side of the tracks. Primarily this includes Miner Street between southeast of Perry Street and west of Des Plaines River Road. Other parking areas exist along Ellinwood Street between Pearson Street and Des Plaines River Road east of the Des Plaines Public Library, a lot on Webford Avenue off of Graceland Avenue (southbound US 12 / 45), and on Prairie Avenue east of Pearson Street.As of May 30, 2023, Des Plaines is served by 69 trains (34 inbound, 35 outbound) on weekdays, by 31 trains (16 inbound, 15 outbound) on Saturdays, and by 19 trains (nine inbound, 10 outbound) on Sundays.On weekdays, four inbound trains originate, and five outbound trains terminate, at Des Plaines.","title":"Des Plaines station"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pace_(transit)"}],"text":"Pace208 Golf Road \n 209 Busse Highway (weekdays only) \n 226 Oakton Street (weekdays only) \n 230 South Des Plaines (weekdays only) \n 234 Wheeling/Des Plaines (weekdays only) \n 250 Dempster Street \n Pulse Dempster Line","title":"Bus connections"}] | [{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Metra_logo_negative.png/64px-Metra_logo_negative.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Commuter Rail System Station Boarding/Alighting Count: Summary Results Fall 2018\" (PDF). Metra. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190526034459/https://metrarail.com/sites/default/files/assets/planning/ridership/2018_summary_results_report_final.pdf","url_text":"\"Commuter Rail System Station Boarding/Alighting Count: Summary Results Fall 2018\""},{"url":"https://metrarail.com/sites/default/files/assets/planning/ridership/2018_summary_results_report_final.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"RAILROAD OPERATING INFORMATION\". Retrieved 19 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.chicagorailfan.com/mmupnw.html","url_text":"\"RAILROAD OPERATING INFORMATION\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Des_Plaines_station¶ms=42.041_N_87.8866_W_type:railwaystation_region:US-IL","external_links_name":"42°02′28″N 87°53′12″W / 42.0410°N 87.8866°W / 42.0410; -87.8866"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Des_Plaines_station¶ms=42.041_N_87.8866_W_type:railwaystation_region:US-IL","external_links_name":"42°02′28″N 87°53′12″W / 42.0410°N 87.8866°W / 42.0410; -87.8866"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Des_Plaines_station&action=edit","external_links_name":"[update]"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190526034459/https://metrarail.com/sites/default/files/assets/planning/ridership/2018_summary_results_report_final.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Commuter Rail System Station Boarding/Alighting Count: Summary Results Fall 2018\""},{"Link":"https://metrarail.com/sites/default/files/assets/planning/ridership/2018_summary_results_report_final.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.chicagorailfan.com/mmupnw.html","external_links_name":"\"RAILROAD OPERATING INFORMATION\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100107004455/http://metrarail.com/metra/en/home/maps_schedules/metra_system_map/up-nw/station.DESPLAINES.html","external_links_name":"Metra - Des Plaines Station"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100706043601/http://chicago.railfan.net/cgi/photos.pl/?show=at:Des_Plaines_station","external_links_name":"Des Plaines Station"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100705234212/http://chicago.railfan.net/cgi/photos.pl/?show=at:Des_Plaines","external_links_name":"Des Plaines Freight Sidings and Other Views"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/maps/@42.0403994,-87.885798,3a,75y,98.51h,86.77t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1spYHMxd3ktyYaIgkIy5_LkA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656","external_links_name":"Station from Pearson Street from Google Maps Street View"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/maps/@42.04133,-87.8878292,3a,75y,131.5h,85.5t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sumN59Dw6mdGHhnLKZfLiQA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656","external_links_name":"Station from Lee Street from Google Maps Street View"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Des_Plaines_station&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_763 | List of Saskatchewan municipal roads (700–799) | ["1 SK 700","2 SK 701","3 SK 702","4 SK 703","5 SK 704","6 SK 705","7 SK 706","8 SK 707","9 SK 708","10 SK 709","11 SK 710","12 SK 711","13 SK 712","14 SK 713","15 SK 714","16 SK 715","17 SK 716","18 SK 717","19 SK 718","20 SK 719","21 SK 720","22 SK 721","23 SK 722","24 SK 723","25 SK 724","26 SK 725","27 SK 726","28 SK 727","29 SK 728","30 SK 729","31 SK 730","31.1 Dewdney Avenue","32 SK 731","33 SK 732","34 SK 733","35 SK 734","36 SK 735","37 SK 737","38 SK 738","39 SK 740","40 SK 741","41 SK 742","42 SK 743","43 SK 744","44 SK 745","45 SK 746","46 SK 747","47 SK 748","48 SK 749","49 SK 751","50 SK 752","51 SK 753","52 SK 754","53 SK 755","54 SK 756","55 SK 758","56 SK 759","57 SK 760","58 SK 761","59 SK 762","60 SK 763","61 SK 764","62 SK 766","63 SK 767","64 SK 768","65 SK 769","66 SK 771","67 SK 772","68 SK 773","69 SK 774","70 SK 776","71 SK 777","72 SK 778","73 SK 779","74 SK 780","75 SK 781","76 SK 782","77 SK 783","78 SK 784","79 SK 785","80 SK 786","81 SK 787","82 SK 788","83 SK 789","84 SK 790","85 SK 791","86 SK 792","87 SK 793","88 SK 794","89 SK 795","90 SK 796","91 SK 797","92 SK 798","93 SK 799","94 See also","95 References","96 External links"] | The following is a list of rural municipality highways in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan between the numbers 700 and 799. The 700-series highways run west and east and, generally, the last two digits increase from south to north. Many of these highways are gravel from some of their length.
SK 700
Highway 700Length35.8 km (22.2 mi)
Highway 700
Highway 700 runs from Highway 9 near Alameda west to Highway 605, 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south of Lampman. Steelman is the only community along the highway. It is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) long.
SK 701
Highway 701Length32 km (20 mi)
Highway 701 runs from Creelman at Highway 33 east to Highway 616 at the western end of the Moose Mountain Upland. It is about 32 kilometres (20 mi) long.
SK 702
Highway 702Length64 km (40 mi)
CN level crossing at Highway 702 at Browning
Highway 702 runs from Highway 39 / Highway 606 near Midale to Range Road 2054 near Browning. Highway 702 passes near Blewett, Bryant, Cullen, Minard, Luxton, and Lampman. Highway 702 also connects with Highways 47, 361, and 605. It is about 64 kilometres (40 mi) long.
SK 703
Highway 703Length65.5 km (40.7 mi)
Highway 703 is split into two sections. The section to the south runs from Highway 47 south of Estevan east to Highway 604 north of North Portal. This section is about 32.5 kilometres (20.2 mi) long and runs parallel to, and is approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of, the Canada–United States border.
The section to the north runs from near Pipestone Lake east to the Manitoba Border. It shares a 5.5-kilometre (3.4 mi) concurrency with Highway 601 and a 3.3-kilometre (2.1 mi) concurrency with Highway 8. It crosses Highways 1, 9, and 600. This section provides access to Saint Hubert Mission and travels through Wapella. It is about 79 kilometres (49 mi) long.
Level crossing along Highway 703 south-east of Estevan
Highway 703 at Highway 9
Highway 703 at Highway 8
SK 704
Highway 704Length30.5 km (19.0 mi)
Highway 704's western terminus at Highway 39
Highway 704 runs from Highway 39 at Hitchcock east to Highway 605 north of Bienfait. It is about 30.5 kilometres (19.0 mi) long.
SK 705
Highway 705Length287 km (178 mi)
Highway 705 at its eastern terminus, north of Benson
Highway 705 north of Goodwater
Highway 705 connects Highway 358 at Wood Mountain in the RM of Old Post No. 43 to Highway 47 in RM of Benson No. 35. The highway has a general bearing of west to east, however at Km 0.00, Highway 705 begins in a southerly direction, and then at Km 2.4, it turns east. At Km 22.8, Highway 705 turns north until Km 24.0 when it returns to an easterly heading. The intersection with Highway 2 is attained at Km 34.6, which is at the village of Scout Lake. Highway 2 extends to the north and provides access to the St. Victor Petroglyphs Provincial Park. At Km 36.7, the highway turns north and travels through the RM of Willow Bunch No. 42. The highway returns to the easterly course at Km 49.8. At Km 58.4, Highway 705 begins a short northern bearing concurrency with Highway 36 through the town of Willow Bunch. At Km 59.2, the concurrency ends when Highway 705 turns to the east once more. At Km 75.0, the highway turns south until Km 82.2 when it enters Harptree at the Highway 607 junction. The southerly direction is necessary to skirt around the southern shores of Willow Bunch Lake. Highway 705 again continues eastward until Km 105.4 when it reaches the Highway 34 junction. At Highway 34, there is a concurrency between Highways 705 and 34. Highway 705 then travels north to a Bengough. After travelling through Bengough, Highway 705 turns east at the junction of Highway 624 which occurs at Km 111.9. At Km 123.2, Highway 705 turns north until Km 124.7. Highway 705 travels mainly east until Km 143.5 when it meets with Highway 622. This junction is located in the RM of The Gap No. 39. There is a concurrency created between Highways 622 and 705 in a southerly direction until Km 150.0. At Km 150.0, Highway 705 returns to the eastern bearing and at Km 158.1, reaches the intersection with Highway 6. At Km 176.2, in the RM of Laurier No. 38, Highway 705 departs from the easterly route, and turns north until Km 179.3. From Km 179.3 until Km 184.2, Highway 705 travels east. At Km 184.2 Highway 705 has an intersection with Highway 28. Highway 705 continues eastward until the next intersection at Km 216.6, with Highway 35 which is in the RM of Lomond No. 37 near Colgate. After the intersection, the highway continues east until Km 226.3 where it turns north for a short jaunt. This corner is just north of the village of Goodwater. At Km 229.6, Highway 705 returns to an easterly course, until Km 241.2 when it turns north. Reaching Halbrite at Km 246.9, Highway 705 travels through the village and reaches the intersection with Highway 39, the CanAm Highway, at Km 247.1. North of Halbrite, Highway 705 turns east at Km 247.7 and reaches the intersection with Highway 606 at Km 257.4. The intersection does not change the course of the highway as it travels east until the terminus at Highway 47 in the RM of Benson No. 35. The highway is about 287 kilometres (178 mi) long.
SK 706
Highway 706Length39 km (24 mi)
Highway 706 runs from Highway 21 east to Highway 13 in the Cypress Hills of south-western Saskatchewan. The highway crosses the Frenchman River at Ravenscrag, which is one of only two communities along the route. The other is Belanger. It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long.
SK 707
Highway 707Length26 km (16 mi)
Highway 707 in the RM of Souris Valley No. 7
Highway 707 runs from Highway 18 near Beaubier to Highway 35. It passes near the community of Ratcliffe and is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) long.
SK 708
Highway 708Length60 km (37 mi)
The western terminus of Hwy 708 at Hwy 35 Francis
Highway 708 runs from Highway 35 at Francis east to Highway 47. The highway intersects with 606. Francis is the only community along the route. It is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) long.
SK 709
Highway 709Length80 km (50 mi)
Highway 709 at Highway 9
Highway 709 runs from Highway 48 about 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) east of Kipling north to Highway 600 near the Manitoba border. It intersects the Trans-Canada Highway at the town of Moosomin and provides access to Moosomin Lake Regional Park. It is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) long.
SK 710
Highway 710Length37 km (23 mi)
Highway 710 at Milestone
Highway 710 runs from Highway 6 east past Highway 39 and Milestone to Highway 306 at Lewvan. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) long.
SK 711
Highway 711Length142.1 km (88.3 mi)
Highway 711 map
Highway 711 connects Highway 35 in the RM of Wellington No. 97 to Highway 9 in the RM of Wawken No. 93. The highway begins just south of Cedoux and it extends westward, in the south-eastern area of Saskatchewan, north-east of Weyburn. Osage and Corning are the only communities along the route. Highway 711 passes through five different rural municipalities (RMs), including Wellington No. 97, Fillmore No. 96, Golden West No. 95, Hazelwood No. 94, and Wawken No. 93.
Highway 711 starts out in the south-eastern portion of the province at Highway 35 near Cedoux. Heading west, at Km 20.4, the highway sharply turns north continuing north for 20.3 km (12.6 mi). At Km 29.5, Highway 711 arrives at Osage and the junction with Highway 33. There is a 0.7 km (0.43 mi) concurrency with Highway 619 along the eastern edge of town. At Km 30.1, Highway 711 turns east again departing from the concurrency. The intersection with Highway 606 occurs at Km 40.0. At Km 61.1, Highway 711 is the junction with Highway 617 North. Highway 617 provides access to Glenavon. At Km 69.3, Highway 711 meets with the intersection of Highway 47. Travel on Highway 711 continues east and at Km 73.4, the highway arrives at Corning. Leaving Corning east there is a sharp turn south at Km 90.4. The highway resumes its easterly course and meets with intersection Highway 605 at Km 101.8. The ending terminus of Highway 711 is at Highway 9 north of Moose Mountain Provincial Park and the village of Kenosee Lake. Highway 711 is about 142 kilometres (88 mi) long.
SK 712
Highway 712Length23 km (14 mi)
Highway 712 runs from Highway 623 east to Highway 6. Parry is the only community along the route. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.
SK 713
Highway 713Length23 km (14 mi)
Highway 713 runs from Highway 6 west to Highway 623. Dummer is the only community along the route. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.
SK 714
Highway 714Length21 km (13 mi)
Highway 714 runs from Highway 39 at Rouleau east to Highway 6. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.
SK 715
Highway 715Length33 km (21 mi)
Highway 715 runs from Highway 36 near Galilee to Highway 339 near Claybank and traverses The Dirt Hills. The highway passes near Spring Valley and Bayard. It connects with Highway 624 near Spring Valley and about 12.8 kilometres (8.0 mi) north of Spring Valley, on the west side of the highway, is Spring Valley (North) Airport. Highway 715 is about 33 kilometres (21 mi) long.
SK 716
Highway 716Length21 km (13 mi)
Highway 716 runs from Highway 2 to Highway 339 near Briercrest. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.
SK 717
Highway 717Length68 km (42 mi)
Highway 717 runs from Highway 2 near Assiniboia to Highway 334 near Kayville. The highway runs concurrently with Highway 36 for about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) and connects with Highway 624. It is about 68 kilometres (42 mi) long.
SK 718
Highway 718Length67 km (42 mi)
Highway 718 runs from Highway 2 near Mossbank to Highway 610 near Bateman. The highway connects with Highways 58 and 627. It is about 67 kilometres (42 mi) long.
SK 719
Highway 719Length23 km (14 mi)
Highway 719 runs from Highway 358 near Lakenheath east to Highway 2. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.
SK 720
Highway 720Length21 km (13 mi)
Highway 720 runs from Highway 363 near Neidpath to Highway 19 near Flowing Well. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.
SK 721
Highway 721Length21 km (13 mi)
Highway 721 runs from Highway 379 near Rheinfeld to Highway 363 near Hallonquist. The highway passes near the community of Braddock. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.
SK 722
Highway 722Length51 km (32 mi)
Highway 722 runs from Highway 37 near Shaunavon to Highway 4. It is about 51 kilometres (32 mi) long. Locally the highway is known as "The Little Six" as the westernmost six miles near Shaunavon are paved.
SK 723
Highway 723Length22 km (14 mi)
Highway 723 runs from Highway 16 at Bredenbury east to Highway 8. It intersects Highway 80 and is about 22 kilometres (14 mi) long.
SK 724
Highway 724Length81 km (50 mi)
Highway 724 runs from Highway 614 west to the Alberta border, where it continues westward as Highway 515. Highway 724 passes near the community of Maple Creek and connects with Highways 21 and 271. It is about 81 kilometres (50 mi) long.
SK 725
Highway 725Length19 km (12 mi)
Highway 725 runs from Highway 16 at Saltcoats east to Highway 80. It is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) long.
SK 726
Highway 726Length85 km (53 mi)
Highway 726 runs from Highway 651 / Highway 16 near Theodore to Highway 8. Highway 726 passes near the communities of Springside, Ebenezer, and Rhein and connects with Highways 47, 9, 309, and 637. It is about 85 kilometres (53 mi) long.
SK 727
Highway 727Length23 km (14 mi)
Highway 727 runs from Highway 640 near Cupar to Highway 56 near Pasqua and Echo Lakes on the Standing Buffalo Indian Reserve. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.
SK 728
Highway 728Length165 km (103 mi)
Highway 728 entering the RM of Big Stick No. 141 near Bigstick Lake.
Highway 728 runs from the Alberta border near Surprise, Saskatchewan — where it continues west as Alberta Highway 528 — to Saskatchewan Highway 32 near Cantuar. Highway 728 passes through the communities of Golden Prairie, Nadeauville, and Hazlet. It is about 165 kilometres (103 mi) long.
SK 729
Highway 729Length39 km (24 mi)
Highway 729 runs from Highway 20 near Craven east to Highway 640 near Edenwold. The highway provides access to the Hidden Valley Wildlife Refuge. It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long.
SK 730
Highway 730Length34.1 km (21.2 mi)
Highway 730 runs from Highway 642 near Stony Beach east to Regina, where it becomes Dewdney Avenue at the intersection with Courtney Street. It is about 34 kilometres (21 mi) long.
Dewdney Avenue
Dewdney Avenue is an east–west collector road in central Regina; it is split into two sections by the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline. It is named after Edgar Dewdney, who was Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Territories who made the decision to move the territorial capital from Battleford to Regina. Dewdney Avenue begins as a continuation of Highway 730 at the west city limits and passes the Global Transportation Hub and RCMP Academy, Depot Division. East of Lewvan Drive, it passes Evraz Place, which is the site of Mosaic Stadium. Between Albert Street and Broad Street, Dewdney Avenue passes through the Regina's historic Warehouse District, just north of downtown. Dewdney Avenue is split by the CPR mainline, between Toronto Street and Winnipeg Street. East of Winnipeg Street, it continues east as a collector road through residential neighbourhoods.
SK 731
Highway 731Length118 km (73 mi)
Highway 731 runs from Highway 20 near Strasbourg to Highway 310 near Ituna. It is about 118 kilometres (73 mi) long. Before 2005, Highway 731 was a much shorter highway that ended at its intersection with Highway 641. It was 18 kilometres (11 mi) long.
SK 732
Highway 732Length54 km (34 mi)
Highway 732 road sign on Highway 11
Highway 732 runs from Highway 627 to Highway 2 near Penzance. The highway connects with Highways 643 and 11, near Craik. It is about 54 kilometres (34 mi) long.
SK 733
Highway 733Length43.5 km (27.0 mi)
Highway 733 runs from Highway 643 east to Highway 354 at Dilke. The highway runs though Chamberlain, provides access to Lovering Lake Recreation Site, and connects with Highways 2 and 11. It is about 43.5 kilometres (27.0 mi) long.
SK 734
Highway 734Length52 km (32 mi)
Highway 734 and Condie signs along Highway 11.
Highway 734 runs from Highway 11 near Lumsden to Highway 364. The highway passes near the communities of Brora and Zehner and provides access to Condie Nature Refuge. It is about 52 kilometres (32 mi) long.
SK 735
Highway 735Length42 km (26 mi)
Highway 735 runs from Highway 627 near Morse to Range Road 2280 near Boharm and Sevenmile. It is about 42 kilometres (26 mi) long.
SK 737
Highway 737Length35.5 km (22.1 mi)
Highway 737 runs from Highway 342 to Highway 42 near Greenbrier. It is about 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) long.
SK 738
Highway 738Length82 km (51 mi)
Highway 738 runs from Highway 32 at Abbey south for about 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) then east to Highway 4. Highway 738 connects with Highway 32 twice, the second time at Cabri where it also shares a one-mile Concurrency with Highway 37. The highway is about 82 kilometres (51 mi) long.
SK 740
Highway 740Length50 km (31 mi)
Highway 740 runs from Highway 310 east to the junction of Highways 10 and 47 south-west of Melville. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long.
SK 741
Highway 741Length45 km (28 mi)
Highway 741 runs from the Alberta border near Empress, Alberta to Highway 32 in Leader, Saskatchewan. It crosses the South Saskatchewan River via the Estuary Ferry. It is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) long.
Highway 741 was originally designated as part of Provincial Highway 21, which connected Leader with Macklin and Lloydminster. In the 1930s, it was renumbered to Provincial Highway 32 while the north–south section was renumbered to Provincial Highway 17. In the 1940s, Provincial Highway 32 west of Leader was decommissioned, along with the section of Provincial Highway 17 south of Macklin. The route remained unnumbered until the municipal numbering system was established in the early 1980s.
SK 742
Highway 742Length31 km (19 mi)
Highway 742 runs from Highway 35 south of Cedoux east to Fillmore at Highway 606. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.
SK 743
Highway 743Length50 km (31 mi)
Highway 743 runs from Highway 640 near Krasne to Highway 310. The highway 743 passes near the communities of Wishart, Bankend, and West Bend and connects with Highways 639 and 35. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long.
SK 744
Highway 744Length31 km (19 mi)
Highway 744 runs from 1st Ave E near Nokomis in the RM of Wreford No. 280 east to Highway 6 in the RM of Mount Hope No. 279. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.
SK 745
Highway 745Length20 km (12 mi)
Highway 745 runs from Highway 35 near Elfros to Highway 310. The highway passes by the community of Kristnes. It is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long.
SK 746
Highway 746Length57.2 km (35.5 mi)
Highway 746 runs from Highway 16 at Sheho east to Highway 5 near Canora. It is about 57 kilometres (35 mi) long.
SK 747
Highway 747Length43 km (27 mi)
Highway 747 runs from the Highway 11 / Highway 653 junction near Davidson to Highway 2. It is about 43 kilometres (27 mi) long.
SK 748
Highway 748Length37 km (23 mi)
Highway 748 runs from Highway 653 in the RM of McCraney No. 282 east to Simpson at Highway 2 in the RM of Wood Creek No. 281. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) long.
SK 749
Highway 749Length82 km (51 mi)
Highway 749 runs from Highway 19 near Elbow to Highway 2 near Liberty. The highway runs eastward from Highway 19, and it almost exclusively intersects minor Township Roads and Range Roads for its entire length. It intersects Highway 627 at km 26, and at km 51, it intersects Highway 11 after passing through the hamlet of Girvin. It is about 82 kilometres (51 mi) long.
SK 751
Highway 751Length44 km (27 mi)
Highway 751 runs from Highway 4 near Elrose east to Highway 42. It is about 44 kilometres (27 mi) long.
SK 752
Highway 752Length40 km (25 mi)
Highway 752 runs from Highway 30 to Highway 44 near Greenan. The highway passes near the community of Bickley. It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) long.
SK 753
Highway 753Length76 km (47 mi)
Highway 753 runs from Highway 9 near Hinchcliffe east to the Manitoba border where it continues as Provincial Road 275 near Crestview, Manitoba. The highway passes through the communities of Danbury, Arabella, and Whitebeech and intersects Highways 662, 8, and 661. It is about 76 kilometres (47 mi) long.
SK 754
Highway 754Length32 km (20 mi)
A concrete bridge near Buchanan, Saskatchewan where Spirit Creek crosses Hwy 754.
Highway 754 runs from Highway 9 to Highway 637. The highway becomes Louis Ave through the village of Rama before continuing north from its intersection with Highway 5 to its end point near Hazel Dell. About 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) west of Buchanan, the highway crosses Spirit Creek. It is about 32 kilometres (20 mi) long.
SK 755
Highway 755Length25 km (16 mi)
Highway 755 runs from the Hazel Dell Access Road near Hazel Dell to Highway 47 near Preeceville. It is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) long.
SK 756
Highway 756Length115 km (71 mi)
Highway 756 runs from Highway 20 near Deadmoose Lake east to Highway 38 near Little Nut Lake. It intersects Highways 368, 6, 640, and 35. Communities along the highway include Marysburg, Annaheim, Spalding, and Rose Valley. It also passes through the Yellow Quill Indian reserve. Highway 756 is about 115 kilometres (71 mi) long.
SK 758
Highway 758Length29 km (18 mi)
Highway 758, the Hendon Grid Road, runs from Highway 640 near Quill Lake to Highway 35 near Hendon. It is about 29 kilometres (18 mi) long.
SK 759
Highway 759Length1.6 km (0.99 mi)
Highway 759 runs from 1st Street South at the village of Endeavour east to Highway 9. It is about 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) long.
SK 760
Highway 760Length21 km (13 mi)
Highway 760 runs from Highway 35 at Fosston east to Highway 38. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.
SK 761
Highway 761Length88 km (55 mi)
Highway 761 runs from Highway 668 to Highway 6 near Leroy. The highway passes through town of Lanigan; it also has a spur that links it to Highway 20 in Drake. Access to Leroy Leisureland Regional Park is from Highway 761. It is about 88 kilometres (55 mi) long.
SK 762
Highway 762Length29 km (18 mi)
Highway 762 runs from Highway 672 at Vanscoy east then north to Circle Drive in Saskatoon. About 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) east of Vanscoy, Highway 60 intersects the highway. West of Highway 60, Highway 762 is called Vanscoy Road and east of Highway 60 it is called Valley Road, which enters Saskatoon on its south-west side and terminates with an interchange at Circle Drive. Prior to 2013, Valley Road connected with Dundonald Avenue as it entered the city and the highway terminated at an at-grade intersection at 11th Street West. Since the early 2010s the road has provided the main access route to the city's landfill. It is about 29 kilometres (18 mi) long.
SK 763
Highway 763Length26 km (16 mi)
Highway 763 runs from the Bradwell Access Road near Bradwell to the Zelma Access Road near Zelma. The highway has a 5-km concurrency with Highway 397 just west of Allan, the only town that Highway 763 passes, excluding Bradwell and Zelma. The highway also provides access to Bradwell and Zelma Reservoirs. It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) long.
SK 764
Highway 764Length83 km (52 mi)
Highway 764 runs from Highway 219 to Highway 397 / Highway 763 near Allan. Highway 764 heads eastward from Highway 219 as the Hanley Grid Road. Access roads to the town of Hanley are about 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Highway 219, and Highway 764 intersects Highway 11 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) later. At Range Road 3013, Highway 764 shifts northward over the Allan Hills, and through the community of Allan Hills. The highway ends at a three-way junction of Highways 397, 763, and 764. All three highways end at this intersection. Highway 764 is about 83 kilometres (52 mi) long.
SK 766
Highway 766Length23 km (14 mi)
Highway 766 runs from Highway 7 at Delisle to Highway 60. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.
SK 767
Highway 767Length23 km (14 mi)
Highway 767 runs from Highway 41 near Smuts to Highway 2. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.
SK 768
Highway 768Length35 km (22 mi)
Highway 768 runs from Highway 7 near Harris to Highway 4. The highway passes through the community of Valley Centre. The only highway it intersects is Highway 655. It is about 35 kilometres (22 mi).
SK 769
Highway 769Length42.4 km (26.3 mi)
Highway 769 runs from Cochin at Highway 4 east to Highway 378, north of Rabbit Lake in the RM of Round Hill No. 467. The highway runs through the Moosomin Indian reserve and intersects Highway 794 at Highway 378. It is about 42.4 kilometres (26.3 mi) long.
SK 771
Highway 771Length49 km (30 mi)
Highway 771 runs from Highway 317 near Cactus Lake to Highway 21. The highway intersects Highways 31 and 675. Near this intersection is the town of Luseland. It is about 49 kilometres (30 mi) long.
SK 772
Highway 772Length20 km (12 mi)
Highway 772 runs from Highway 317 near Hoosier to Highway 307 near Smiley. The highway passes through the small community of Dewar Lake. It is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long.
SK 773
Highway 773Length37 km (23 mi)
Highway 773 runs from Highway 38 near Chelan to Highway 35 near McKague. The highway has a 4-km concurrency with Highway 679 near Pré-Ste-Marié. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) long.
SK 774
Highway 774Length31 km (19 mi)
Highway 774 runs from Highway 17 about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of Lloydminster at the Alberta border east to Highway 684 within the RM of Britannia No. 502. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.
SK 776
Highway 776Length99 km (62 mi)
Highway 776 runs from Highway 41 near Ethelton to Highway 23 near Bjorkdale. The highway intersects Highways 35 and 681. It passes near Flett Springs, Lipsett, Clemens, South Star, Sylvania, and Bensham. It is about 99 kilometres (62 mi) long.
SK 777
Highway 777Length119 km (74 mi)
Highway 777 runs from Highway 41 at Alvena to Highway 6 near Naicam. The highway passes through the communities of Cudworth, Middle Lake, and Lake Lenore and provides access to Lucien Lake Regional Park. It intersects Highways 2, 20, and 368. The highway is about 119 kilometres (74 mi) long.
SK 778
Highway 778Length73 km (45 mi)
Highway 778 runs from Highway 20 at Crystal Springs to Highway 6 near Lenvale. The highway passes through Kinistino and provides access to Struthers Lake Regional Park. It is about 62 kilometres (39 mi) long.
SK 779
Highway 779Length39 km (24 mi)
Highway 779 runs from Highway 26 north of Peerless east to Highway 4 at Dorintosh. The highway skirts the southern boundary of Meadow Lake Provincial Park. It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long.
SK 780
Highway 780Length19 km (12 mi)
Highway 780 runs from Highway 2 to Highway 55. About 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Highway 2, the highway passes through the town of White Star. It is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) long.
SK 781
Highway 781Length28 km (17 mi)
Highway 781 runs from Highway 12 near Petrofka to Highway 685. It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) long.
SK 782
Highway 782Length38 km (24 mi)
Highway 782 runs from Highway 11 near Duck Lake to Highway 2 near St. Louis. The highway crosses the South Saskatchewan River by the St. Laurent Ferry 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Highway 11, near St. Laurent de Grandin. It is about 38 kilometres (24 mi) long.
SK 783
Highway 783Length54 km (34 mi)
Highway 783 runs from the Highway 11 / Highway 212 intersection near Duck Lake to Highway 40 at Marcelin. It crosses the North Saskatchewan River by the Wingard Ferry. It is about 54 kilometres (34 mi) long.
SK 784
Highway 784Length188 km (117 mi)
Highway 784 runs from Highway 29 near Wilkie to Highway 41 near Aberdeen. The highway passes near the communities of Cando, Struan, Dalmeny, and Warman. East of Warman, the road crosses the South Saskatchewan River by the Clarkboro Ferry. It is about 188 kilometres (117 mi) long.
SK 785
Highway 785Length53 km (33 mi)
Highway 785 runs from Highway 12 to Highway 41 near Aberdeen. The highway passes near Hague and it connects with Highways 11 and 784. Highway 785 crosses the South Saskatchewan River by the Hague Ferry. It is about 53 kilometres (33 mi) long.
SK 786
Highway 786Length14 km (8.7 mi)
Highway 786 runs from Highway 12 to Highway 40 near Marcelin. It is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long.
SK 787
Highway 787Length100 km (62 mi)
Highway 787 runs from Highway 29 to the Senlac Access Road near Senlac. The highway passes near the communities of Cloan, Swarthmore, Winter, and Rutland and connects with Highways 21 and 675. It is about 100 km (62 mi) long.
SK 788
Highway 788Length16 km (9.9 mi)
Highway 788 runs from Highway 693 until it transitions into Highway 355. The highway passes near the town of Deer Ridge. It is about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) long.
SK 789
Highway 789Length171 km (106 mi)
Highway 789 runs from Highway 3 within the Muskoday First Nation to Highway 690 near Connell Creek. The highway passes near the communities of Brockington, Gronlid, Codette, and Carrot River. It has a 15 km (9.3 mi) concurrency with Highway 6 and a 7 km (4.3 mi) concurrency with Highway 23. The highway is about 171 kilometres (106 mi) long.
SK 790
Highway 790Length28 km (17 mi)
Highway 790 runs from Highway 6 to Old Highway 35 (Range Road 150). The highway passes through the unincorporated community of Cherry Ridge. It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) long.
SK 791
Highway 791Length14 km (8.7 mi)
Highway 791 runs from Highway 120 to Paddockwood, where it becomes the Paddockwood Access Road. It is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long.
SK 792
Highway 792Length31 km (19 mi)
Highway 792 runs from Highway 12 to Highway 40 near Leask. The highway passes near Royal Lake and the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.
SK 793
Highway 793Length51 km (32 mi)
Highway 793 runs from Highway 24 to Highway 55. The highway provides access to Morin Lake Regional Park and passes through or near the communities of Debden, Ormeaux, and Victoire. It also passes through the Big River Indian Reserve and intersects Highway 695. It is about 51 kilometres (32 mi) long.
SK 794
Highway 794Length98 km (61 mi)
Highway 794 runs from Highway 26 at Mervin east to Highway 378 near Rabbit Lake. The highway passes through the communities of Daysville, Longhope, Robinhood, Medstead, and Glenbush and intersects Highways 697, 4, and 769. The section from Mervin east to Highway 4 is called Mervin Road and the section from Highway 4 east to Robinhood is called Robinhood Road. Highway 794 is about 98 kilometres (61 mi) long.
SK 795
Highway 795Length47 km (29 mi)
Highway 795 runs from Highway 26 to Turtle Lake South Bay, where it transitions into the Turtle Lake Access Road. The highway intersects Highway 796 and passes through or near the communities of Stowlea, Bright Sand, Powm Beach, Aspen Cove, Livelong, and Turtle Lake South Bay and provides access to Brightsand Lake Regional Park. It is about 47 kilometres (29 mi) long.
SK 796
Highway 796Length26 km (16 mi)
Highway 796 runs from Highway 26 near Spruce Lake to Highway 795 near Aspen Cove and Parkland Beach on Turtle Lake. The highway connects with an access road to Crystal-Bay Sunset on Brightsand Lake. It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) long.
SK 797
Highway 797Length30 km (19 mi)
Highway 797 runs from Frenchman Butte, taking over from the Frenchman Butte Access Road, to Highway 17 at the Alberta border. The highway passes near Fort Pitt, and the community of Harlan is accessible from the highway. It is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long.
SK 798
Highway 798Length28 km (17 mi)
Highway 798 runs from Highway 684 to Highway 17 on the Alberta border. The highway passes near the town of Hillmond and also intersects Highway 675. It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) long.
SK 799
Highway 799Length23 km (14 mi)
Highway 799 runs from Highway 4 south of the city of Meadow Lake to Highway 698. The highway runs through Cabana and south of Meadow Lake, traversing predominantly rural regions. The highway is used by commercial vehicles for access to industrial sites in the region. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.
Highway 799 was constructed in the 1940s, and originally ran from the Alberta border in the west to Highway 9 in the east. In the 1960s, the western section was renumbered as part of Highway 5, leaving the current route of Highway 799 in place.
See also
List of Saskatchewan municipal roads (600–699)
List of Saskatchewan provincial highways
Roads in Saskatchewan
References
^ "Saskatchewan Highway 700". Google maps. Google. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 702" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ "Highway 703". Google maps. Google. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Overview map of Saskatchewan Highway 704" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ "Highway 705". Geoview.info. Geoview.info. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^ "Highway 707". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ "Saskatchewan Highway 710". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 715" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 716" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 717" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 718" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 720" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 721" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 722" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 724" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 725" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 726" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 727" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ MapArt; Peter Heiler (2007). Saskatchewan Road Atlas (Map) (2007 ed.). 1:540,000. Oshawa, ON: Peter Heiler Ltd. pp. 38–39. ISBN 1-55368-020-0.
^ Google (2 October 2017). "Highway 728 in Saskatchewan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
^ "Hidden Valley". Nature Regina. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
^ "Saskatchewan Highway 729". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
^ "Saskatchewan Highway 730". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
^ Google (14 December 2019). "Dewdney Avenue in Regina, Saskatchewan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 732" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 733" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 734" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 737" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 738" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (14 February 2018). "Highway 741 in Saskatchewan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
^ Province of Saskatchewan (1926). Highway Map (Map). Department of Highways. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017.
^ Rand McNally (1940). Road map of Western and Central Canada (Map). Rand McNally and Company.
^ The H.M. Gousha Company (1956). "Saskatchewan & Manitoba" (Map). Shell Map of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The Shell Oil Company.
^ Saskatchewan Department of Highways and Transportation (1980). Official Highway Map (Map). Queen's Printer.
^ Saskatchewan Department of Highways and Transportation (1984). Official Highway Map (Map). Queen's Printer.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 743" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 745" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ "Saskatchewan Highway 746". Google Maps. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 747" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ "Hwy 748". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 749" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 751" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 752" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 753" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 754" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 755" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 758" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (21 September 2017). "Highway 761 in Saskatchewan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ "SK-762". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
^ "Highway 763". Geoview.info. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 763" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 764" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 766" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 767" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 768" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ "Highway 769". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 771" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 772" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 773" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 776" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (21 September 2017). "Highway 777 in Saskatchewan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ "Struthers Lake Regional Park". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
^ Google (21 September 2017). "Highway 778 in Saskatchewan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 780" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 781" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 782" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 783" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 785" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 786" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 787" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 788" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 790" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (26 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 792" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 793" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 795" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 796" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 797" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
^ "SK-798". google.com/maps.
^ Google (23 November 2020). "Saskatchewan Highway 799" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
External links
Saskatchewan Highways Website-- Highway Numbering
Media related to Municipal roads of Saskatchewan (700–799) at Wikimedia Commons
vteProvincial highways of SaskatchewanPrimary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10A
11
11A
12
13
14
15
16
16A
16B
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
39A
40
41
41A
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
51
52
52A
54
55
56
57
58
60
80
99
Northern
102
106
120
123
135
155
165
167
Secondary
201
202
204
209
210
211
212
219
220
221
224
225
229
240
247
255
263
264
265
271
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
312
316
317
318
320
321
322
324
332
334
335
339
340
342
343
349
350
354
355
357
358
361
362
363
364
365
367
368
369
371
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
381
394
396
397
600s (north-south)
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
665
665
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700s (east-west)
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
711
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
737
738
740
741
742
743
744
745
747
748
749
751
752
753
754
755
756
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
766
767
768
769
771
772
773
774
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
900s (northern)
903
904
905
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
945
946
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
980
981
982
983
984
994
995
999
Named Routes
CanAm Highway
Circle Drive
Hanson Lake Road
Little Swan Road
Louis Riel Trail
McBride Lake Road
Northern Woods and Water Route
Poundmaker Trail
Ring Road
Regina Bypass
Red Coat Trail
Saskatoon Freeway
Saskota Travel Route
Trans-Canada Highway
Veterans Memorial Highway
Yellowhead Highway | [{"links_in_text":[],"title":"List of Saskatchewan municipal roads (700–799)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SK_Hwy_700.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9"},{"link_name":"Alameda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alameda,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 605","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_605"},{"link_name":"Lampman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampman"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Steelman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelman,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 700Highway 700 runs from Highway 9 near Alameda west to Highway 605, 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south of Lampman.[1] Steelman is the only community along the highway. It is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) long.","title":"SK 700"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Creelman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creelman,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 33","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_33"},{"link_name":"Highway 616","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_616"},{"link_name":"Moose Mountain Upland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moose_Mountain_Upland"}],"text":"Highway 701 runs from Creelman at Highway 33 east to Highway 616 at the western end of the Moose Mountain Upland. It is about 32 kilometres (20 mi) long.","title":"SK 701"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SK_Hwy_702.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 39","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_39"},{"link_name":"Highway 606","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_606"},{"link_name":"Midale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midale,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Browning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Blewett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blewett,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bryant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryant,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Cullen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullen,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Minard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minard,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Luxton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luxton,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lampman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampman,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"361","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_361"},{"link_name":"605","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_605"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"CN level crossing at Highway 702 at BrowningHighway 702 runs from Highway 39 / Highway 606 near Midale to Range Road 2054 near Browning. Highway 702 passes near Blewett, Bryant, Cullen, Minard, Luxton, and Lampman. Highway 702 also connects with Highways 47, 361, and 605. It is about 64 kilometres (40 mi) long.[2]","title":"SK 702"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"Estevan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estevan"},{"link_name":"Highway 604","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_604"},{"link_name":"North Portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Portal"},{"link_name":"Canada–United States border","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Pipestone Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipestone_Lake_(Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Manitoba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba"},{"link_name":"concurrency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(road)"},{"link_name":"Highway 601","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_601"},{"link_name":"Highway 8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_8"},{"link_name":"Highways 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_1"},{"link_name":"9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9"},{"link_name":"600","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_600"},{"link_name":"Saint Hubert Mission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_French_Counts_of_St_Hubert,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Wapella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapella,_Saskatchewan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sask_Highway_703.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sk_hwy_703.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SK_703_N.jpg"}],"text":"Highway 703 is split into two sections. The section to the south runs from Highway 47 south of Estevan east to Highway 604 north of North Portal. This section is about 32.5 kilometres (20.2 mi) long and runs parallel to, and is approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of, the Canada–United States border.[3]The section to the north runs from near Pipestone Lake east to the Manitoba Border. It shares a 5.5-kilometre (3.4 mi) concurrency with Highway 601 and a 3.3-kilometre (2.1 mi) concurrency with Highway 8. It crosses Highways 1, 9, and 600. This section provides access to Saint Hubert Mission and travels through Wapella. It is about 79 kilometres (49 mi) long.Level crossing along Highway 703 south-east of Estevan\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHighway 703 at Highway 9\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHighway 703 at Highway 8","title":"SK 703"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sask_Hwy_704.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 39","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_39"},{"link_name":"Hitchcock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hitchcock,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Highway 605","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_605"},{"link_name":"Bienfait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienfait"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-google-4"}],"text":"Highway 704's western terminus at Highway 39Highway 704 runs from Highway 39 at Hitchcock east to Highway 605 north of Bienfait. It is about 30.5 kilometres (19.0 mi) long.[4]","title":"SK 704"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_Highway_705.jpg"},{"link_name":"Benson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson,_Saskatchewan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sask_Hwy_705.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 358","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_358"},{"link_name":"Wood Mountain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_Mountain,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"RM of Old Post No. 43","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Old_Post_No._43"},{"link_name":"Highway 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"RM of Benson No. 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Benson_No._35"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"St. Victor Petroglyphs Provincial Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Victor_Petroglyphs_Provincial_Park"},{"link_name":"RM of Willow Bunch No. 42","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Willow_Bunch_No._42"},{"link_name":"Highway 36","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_36"},{"link_name":"Willow Bunch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_Bunch,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Harptree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harptree,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 607","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_607"},{"link_name":"Willow Bunch Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_Bunch_Lake"},{"link_name":"Highway 34","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_34"},{"link_name":"Bengough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengough,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 624","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_624"},{"link_name":"Highway 622","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_622"},{"link_name":"RM of The Gap No. 39","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_The_Gap_No._39"},{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"RM of Laurier No. 38","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Laurier_No._38"},{"link_name":"Highway 28","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_28"},{"link_name":"Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"RM of Lomond No. 37","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Lomond_No._37"},{"link_name":"Colgate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgate,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Goodwater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodwater,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Halbrite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbrite"},{"link_name":"Highway 39","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_39"},{"link_name":"Highway 606","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_606"},{"link_name":"Highway 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"}],"text":"Highway 705 at its eastern terminus, north of BensonHighway 705 north of GoodwaterHighway 705 connects Highway 358 at Wood Mountain in the RM of Old Post No. 43 to Highway 47 in RM of Benson No. 35.[5] The highway has a general bearing of west to east, however at Km 0.00, Highway 705 begins in a southerly direction, and then at Km 2.4, it turns east. At Km 22.8, Highway 705 turns north until Km 24.0 when it returns to an easterly heading. The intersection with Highway 2 is attained at Km 34.6, which is at the village of Scout Lake. Highway 2 extends to the north and provides access to the St. Victor Petroglyphs Provincial Park. At Km 36.7, the highway turns north and travels through the RM of Willow Bunch No. 42. The highway returns to the easterly course at Km 49.8. At Km 58.4, Highway 705 begins a short northern bearing concurrency with Highway 36 through the town of Willow Bunch. At Km 59.2, the concurrency ends when Highway 705 turns to the east once more. At Km 75.0, the highway turns south until Km 82.2 when it enters Harptree at the Highway 607 junction. The southerly direction is necessary to skirt around the southern shores of Willow Bunch Lake. Highway 705 again continues eastward until Km 105.4 when it reaches the Highway 34 junction. At Highway 34, there is a concurrency between Highways 705 and 34. Highway 705 then travels north to a Bengough. After travelling through Bengough, Highway 705 turns east at the junction of Highway 624 which occurs at Km 111.9. At Km 123.2, Highway 705 turns north until Km 124.7. Highway 705 travels mainly east until Km 143.5 when it meets with Highway 622. This junction is located in the RM of The Gap No. 39. There is a concurrency created between Highways 622 and 705 in a southerly direction until Km 150.0. At Km 150.0, Highway 705 returns to the eastern bearing and at Km 158.1, reaches the intersection with Highway 6. At Km 176.2, in the RM of Laurier No. 38, Highway 705 departs from the easterly route, and turns north until Km 179.3. From Km 179.3 until Km 184.2, Highway 705 travels east. At Km 184.2 Highway 705 has an intersection with Highway 28. Highway 705 continues eastward until the next intersection at Km 216.6, with Highway 35 which is in the RM of Lomond No. 37 near Colgate. After the intersection, the highway continues east until Km 226.3 where it turns north for a short jaunt. This corner is just north of the village of Goodwater. At Km 229.6, Highway 705 returns to an easterly course, until Km 241.2 when it turns north. Reaching Halbrite at Km 246.9, Highway 705 travels through the village and reaches the intersection with Highway 39, the CanAm Highway, at Km 247.1. North of Halbrite, Highway 705 turns east at Km 247.7 and reaches the intersection with Highway 606 at Km 257.4. The intersection does not change the course of the highway as it travels east until the terminus at Highway 47 in the RM of Benson No. 35. The highway is about 287 kilometres (178 mi) long.","title":"SK 705"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_21"},{"link_name":"Highway 13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_13"},{"link_name":"Cypress Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypress_Hills_(Canada)"},{"link_name":"Frenchman River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchman_River"},{"link_name":"Ravenscrag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravenscrag,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Belanger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanger,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 706 runs from Highway 21 east to Highway 13 in the Cypress Hills of south-western Saskatchewan. The highway crosses the Frenchman River at Ravenscrag, which is one of only two communities along the route. The other is Belanger. It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long.","title":"SK 706"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sask_Highway_707.jpg"},{"link_name":"RM of Souris Valley No. 7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Souris_Valley_No._7"},{"link_name":"Highway 18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_18"},{"link_name":"Beaubier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaubier,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"Ratcliffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ratcliffe,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Highway 707 in the RM of Souris Valley No. 7Highway 707 runs from Highway 18 near Beaubier to Highway 35. It passes near the community of Ratcliffe and is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) long.[6]","title":"SK 707"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SK_708.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"Francis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"606","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_606"}],"text":"The western terminus of Hwy 708 at Hwy 35 FrancisHighway 708 runs from Highway 35 at Francis east to Highway 47. The highway intersects with 606. Francis is the only community along the route. It is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) long.","title":"SK 708"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sk_hwy_709.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 48","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_48"},{"link_name":"Kipling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipling,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 600","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_600"},{"link_name":"Trans-Canada Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_1"},{"link_name":"Moosomin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosomin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Moosomin Lake Regional Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosomin_Lake_Regional_Park"}],"text":"Highway 709 at Highway 9Highway 709 runs from Highway 48 about 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) east of Kipling north to Highway 600 near the Manitoba border. It intersects the Trans-Canada Highway at the town of Moosomin and provides access to Moosomin Lake Regional Park. It is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) long.","title":"SK 709"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sk_Hwy_710_thu_Milestone_Sk.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"Highway 39","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_39"},{"link_name":"Milestone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milestone,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 306","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_306"},{"link_name":"Lewvan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewvan"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Highway 710 at MilestoneHighway 710 runs from Highway 6 east past Highway 39 and Milestone to Highway 306 at Lewvan. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) long.[7]","title":"SK 710"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SaskatchewanHighwayMap711.png"},{"link_name":"Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"RM of Wellington No. 97","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Wellington_No._97"},{"link_name":"Highway 9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9"},{"link_name":"RM of Wawken No. 93","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Wawken_No._93"},{"link_name":"Cedoux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedoux,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Weyburn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyburn"},{"link_name":"Osage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Corning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corning,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"rural municipalities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rural_municipalities_in_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Wellington No. 97","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Wellington_No._97"},{"link_name":"Fillmore No. 96","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Fillmore_No._96"},{"link_name":"Golden West No. 95","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Golden_West_No._95"},{"link_name":"Hazelwood No. 94","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Hazelwood_No._94"},{"link_name":"Wawken No. 93","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Wawken_No._93"},{"link_name":"Highway 33","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_33"},{"link_name":"Highway 619","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_619"},{"link_name":"Highway 606","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_606"},{"link_name":"Highway 617 North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_617"},{"link_name":"Glenavon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenavon,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"Highway 605","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_605"},{"link_name":"Moose Mountain Provincial Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moose_Mountain_Provincial_Park"},{"link_name":"Kenosee Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenosee_Lake,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 711 mapHighway 711 connects Highway 35 in the RM of Wellington No. 97 to Highway 9 in the RM of Wawken No. 93. The highway begins just south of Cedoux and it extends westward, in the south-eastern area of Saskatchewan, north-east of Weyburn. Osage and Corning are the only communities along the route. Highway 711 passes through five different rural municipalities (RMs), including Wellington No. 97, Fillmore No. 96, Golden West No. 95, Hazelwood No. 94, and Wawken No. 93.Highway 711 starts out in the south-eastern portion of the province at Highway 35 near Cedoux. Heading west, at Km 20.4, the highway sharply turns north continuing north for 20.3 km (12.6 mi). At Km 29.5, Highway 711 arrives at Osage and the junction with Highway 33. There is a 0.7 km (0.43 mi) concurrency with Highway 619 along the eastern edge of town. At Km 30.1, Highway 711 turns east again departing from the concurrency. The intersection with Highway 606 occurs at Km 40.0. At Km 61.1, Highway 711 is the junction with Highway 617 North. Highway 617 provides access to Glenavon. At Km 69.3, Highway 711 meets with the intersection of Highway 47. Travel on Highway 711 continues east and at Km 73.4, the highway arrives at Corning. Leaving Corning east there is a sharp turn south at Km 90.4. The highway resumes its easterly course and meets with intersection Highway 605 at Km 101.8. The ending terminus of Highway 711 is at Highway 9 north of Moose Mountain Provincial Park and the village of Kenosee Lake. Highway 711 is about 142 kilometres (88 mi) long.","title":"SK 711"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 623","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_623"},{"link_name":"Parry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parry,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 712 runs from Highway 623 east to Highway 6. Parry is the only community along the route. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.","title":"SK 712"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"Highway 623","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_623"},{"link_name":"Dummer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dummer,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 713 runs from Highway 6 west to Highway 623. Dummer is the only community along the route. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.","title":"SK 713"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rouleau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouleau,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 714 runs from Highway 39 at Rouleau east to Highway 6. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.","title":"SK 714"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 36","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_36"},{"link_name":"Galilee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilee,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 339","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_339"},{"link_name":"Claybank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claybank,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"The Dirt Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dirt_Hills"},{"link_name":"Spring Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Valley,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Bayard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayard,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 624","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_624"},{"link_name":"Spring Valley (North) Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Valley_(North)_Airport"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CFS-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Highway 715 runs from Highway 36 near Galilee to Highway 339 near Claybank and traverses The Dirt Hills. The highway passes near Spring Valley and Bayard. It connects with Highway 624 near Spring Valley and about 12.8 kilometres (8.0 mi) north of Spring Valley, on the west side of the highway, is Spring Valley (North) Airport.[8] Highway 715 is about 33 kilometres (21 mi) long.[9]","title":"SK 715"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"Highway 339","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_339"},{"link_name":"Briercrest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briercrest,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Highway 716 runs from Highway 2 to Highway 339 near Briercrest. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.[10]","title":"SK 716"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"Assiniboia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiniboia,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 334","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_334"},{"link_name":"Kayville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayville,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"concurrently","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(road)"},{"link_name":"Highway 36","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_36"},{"link_name":"Highway 624","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_624"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Highway 717 runs from Highway 2 near Assiniboia to Highway 334 near Kayville. The highway runs concurrently with Highway 36 for about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) and connects with Highway 624. It is about 68 kilometres (42 mi) long.[11]","title":"SK 717"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mossbank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossbank,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 610","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_610"},{"link_name":"Bateman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateman,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 58","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_58"},{"link_name":"627","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_627"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Highway 718 runs from Highway 2 near Mossbank to Highway 610 near Bateman. The highway connects with Highways 58 and 627. It is about 67 kilometres (42 mi) long.[12]","title":"SK 718"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 358","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_358"},{"link_name":"Lakenheath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakenheath,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"}],"text":"Highway 719 runs from Highway 358 near Lakenheath east to Highway 2. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.","title":"SK 719"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 363","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_363"},{"link_name":"Neidpath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neidpath,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_19"},{"link_name":"Flowing Well","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flowing_Well,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Highway 720 runs from Highway 363 near Neidpath to Highway 19 near Flowing Well. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.[13]","title":"SK 720"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 379","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_379"},{"link_name":"Rheinfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinfeld,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 363","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_363"},{"link_name":"Hallonquist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallonquist,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Braddock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braddock,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Highway 721 runs from Highway 379 near Rheinfeld to Highway 363 near Hallonquist. The highway passes near the community of Braddock. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.[14]","title":"SK 721"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 37","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_37"},{"link_name":"Shaunavon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaunavon,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_4"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Highway 722 runs from Highway 37 near Shaunavon to Highway 4. It is about 51 kilometres (32 mi) long. Locally the highway is known as \"The Little Six\" as the westernmost six miles near Shaunavon are paved.[15]","title":"SK 722"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_16"},{"link_name":"Bredenbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bredenbury,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_8"},{"link_name":"Highway 80","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_80"}],"text":"Highway 723 runs from Highway 16 at Bredenbury east to Highway 8. It intersects Highway 80 and is about 22 kilometres (14 mi) long.","title":"SK 723"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 614","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_614"},{"link_name":"Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta"},{"link_name":"Highway 515","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Highway_515"},{"link_name":"Maple Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_Creek,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_21"},{"link_name":"271","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_271"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"Highway 724 runs from Highway 614 west to the Alberta border, where it continues westward as Highway 515. Highway 724 passes near the community of Maple Creek and connects with Highways 21 and 271. It is about 81 kilometres (50 mi) long.[16]","title":"SK 724"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_16"},{"link_name":"Saltcoats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltcoats,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 80","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_80"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Highway 725 runs from Highway 16 at Saltcoats east to Highway 80. It is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) long.[17]","title":"SK 725"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 651","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_651"},{"link_name":"Highway 16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_16"},{"link_name":"Theodore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_8"},{"link_name":"Springside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springside,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Ebenezer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Rhein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9"},{"link_name":"309","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_309"},{"link_name":"637","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_637"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"Highway 726 runs from Highway 651 / Highway 16 near Theodore to Highway 8. Highway 726 passes near the communities of Springside, Ebenezer, and Rhein and connects with Highways 47, 9, 309, and 637. It is about 85 kilometres (53 mi) long.[18]","title":"SK 726"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 640","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_640"},{"link_name":"Cupar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupar,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 56","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_56"},{"link_name":"Pasqua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasqua_Lake"},{"link_name":"Echo Lakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_Lake_(Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Standing Buffalo Indian Reserve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_Buffalo_78"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"Highway 727 runs from Highway 640 near Cupar to Highway 56 near Pasqua and Echo Lakes on the Standing Buffalo Indian Reserve. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.[19]","title":"SK 727"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sk_Hwy_728_RM_Big_Stick.jpg"},{"link_name":"RM of Big Stick No. 141","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Big_Stick_No._141"},{"link_name":"Bigstick Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigstick_Lake"},{"link_name":"Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta"},{"link_name":"Surprise, Saskatchewan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surprise,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Alberta Highway 528","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Highway_528"},{"link_name":"Saskatchewan Highway 32","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_32"},{"link_name":"Cantuar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantuar,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Golden Prairie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Prairie,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Nadeauville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadeauville,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hazlet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazlet,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"Highway 728 entering the RM of Big Stick No. 141 near Bigstick Lake.Highway 728 runs from the Alberta border near Surprise, Saskatchewan — where it continues west as Alberta Highway 528 — to Saskatchewan Highway 32 near Cantuar.[20] Highway 728 passes through the communities of Golden Prairie, Nadeauville, and Hazlet. It is about 165 kilometres (103 mi) long.[21]","title":"SK 728"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_20"},{"link_name":"Craven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craven,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 640","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_640"},{"link_name":"Edenwold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edenwold,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Hidden Valley Wildlife Refuge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Valley_Wildlife_Refuge"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Highway 729 runs from Highway 20 near Craven east to Highway 640 near Edenwold. The highway provides access to the Hidden Valley Wildlife Refuge.[22] It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long.[23]","title":"SK 729"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 642","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_642"},{"link_name":"Stony Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_Beach,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Regina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"text":"Highway 730 runs from Highway 642 near Stony Beach east to Regina, where it becomes Dewdney Avenue at the intersection with Courtney Street. It is about 34 kilometres (21 mi) long.[24]","title":"SK 730"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"collector road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collector_road"},{"link_name":"Canadian Pacific Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway"},{"link_name":"Edgar Dewdney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Dewdney"},{"link_name":"North-West Territories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Territories#History"},{"link_name":"Battleford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleford"},{"link_name":"Global Transportation Hub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Transportation_Hub_Authority"},{"link_name":"RCMP Academy, Depot Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCMP_Academy,_Depot_Division"},{"link_name":"Lewvan Drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewvan_Drive_%26_Pasqua_Street"},{"link_name":"Evraz Place","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evraz_Place"},{"link_name":"Mosaic Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Albert Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Street_(Regina,_Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Warehouse District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhoods_in_Regina,_Saskatchewan#The_Warehouse_District"},{"link_name":"downtown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhoods_in_Regina,_Saskatchewan#Downtown_business_district"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-length_Dewdney-25"}],"sub_title":"Dewdney Avenue","text":"Dewdney Avenue is an east–west collector road in central Regina; it is split into two sections by the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline. It is named after Edgar Dewdney, who was Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Territories who made the decision to move the territorial capital from Battleford to Regina. Dewdney Avenue begins as a continuation of Highway 730 at the west city limits and passes the Global Transportation Hub and RCMP Academy, Depot Division. East of Lewvan Drive, it passes Evraz Place, which is the site of Mosaic Stadium. Between Albert Street and Broad Street, Dewdney Avenue passes through the Regina's historic Warehouse District, just north of downtown. Dewdney Avenue is split by the CPR mainline, between Toronto Street and Winnipeg Street. East of Winnipeg Street, it continues east as a collector road through residential neighbourhoods.[25]","title":"SK 730"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_20"},{"link_name":"Strasbourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 310","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_310"},{"link_name":"Ituna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ituna,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 641","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_641"}],"text":"Highway 731 runs from Highway 20 near Strasbourg to Highway 310 near Ituna. It is about 118 kilometres (73 mi) long. Before 2005, Highway 731 was a much shorter highway that ended at its intersection with Highway 641. It was 18 kilometres (11 mi) long.","title":"SK 731"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SkHwy732.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"Highway 627","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_627"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"Penzance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penzance,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 643","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_643"},{"link_name":"11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"Craik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craik,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"text":"Highway 732 road sign on Highway 11Highway 732 runs from Highway 627 to Highway 2 near Penzance. The highway connects with Highways 643 and 11, near Craik. It is about 54 kilometres (34 mi) long.[26]","title":"SK 732"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 643","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_643"},{"link_name":"Highway 354","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_354"},{"link_name":"Dilke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilke,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Chamberlain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamberlain,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Lovering Lake Recreation Site","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovering_Lake_Recreation_Site"},{"link_name":"Highways 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"}],"text":"Highway 733 runs from Highway 643 east to Highway 354 at Dilke. The highway runs though Chamberlain, provides access to Lovering Lake Recreation Site, and connects with Highways 2 and 11. It is about 43.5 kilometres (27.0 mi) long.[27]","title":"SK 733"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SkHwy734-Condie.jpg"},{"link_name":"Highway 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"Lumsden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumsden,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 364","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_364"},{"link_name":"Brora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brora,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zehner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehner,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Condie Nature Refuge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condie_Nature_Refuge"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"}],"text":"Highway 734 and Condie signs along Highway 11.Highway 734 runs from Highway 11 near Lumsden to Highway 364. The highway passes near the communities of Brora and Zehner and provides access to Condie Nature Refuge. It is about 52 kilometres (32 mi) long.[28]","title":"SK 734"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 627","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_627"},{"link_name":"Morse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Boharm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boharm,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Sevenmile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sevenmile,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Highway 735 runs from Highway 627 near Morse to Range Road 2280 near Boharm and Sevenmile. It is about 42 kilometres (26 mi) long.","title":"SK 735"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 342","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_342"},{"link_name":"Highway 42","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_42"},{"link_name":"Greenbrier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greenbrier,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"text":"Highway 737 runs from Highway 342 to Highway 42 near Greenbrier. It is about 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) long.[29]","title":"SK 737"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 32","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_32"},{"link_name":"Abbey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_4"},{"link_name":"Cabri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabri,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Concurrency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(road)"},{"link_name":"Highway 37","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_37"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"}],"text":"Highway 738 runs from Highway 32 at Abbey south for about 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) then east to Highway 4. Highway 738 connects with Highway 32 twice, the second time at Cabri where it also shares a one-mile Concurrency with Highway 37. The highway is about 82 kilometres (51 mi) long.[30]","title":"SK 738"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 310","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_310"},{"link_name":"Highways 10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_10"},{"link_name":"47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"Melville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 740 runs from Highway 310 east to the junction of Highways 10 and 47 south-west of Melville. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long.","title":"SK 740"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta"},{"link_name":"Empress, Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress,_Alberta"},{"link_name":"Highway 32","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_32"},{"link_name":"Leader, Saskatchewan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"South Saskatchewan River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Saskatchewan_River"},{"link_name":"Estuary Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary_Ferry"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"Provincial Highway 21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_21"},{"link_name":"Macklin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macklin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Lloydminster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloydminster"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1926_map-32"},{"link_name":"Provincial Highway 32","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_32"},{"link_name":"Provincial Highway 17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_17_(Alberta%E2%80%93Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1940_map-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1956_map-34"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1980_map-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1984_map-36"}],"text":"Highway 741 runs from the Alberta border near Empress, Alberta to Highway 32 in Leader, Saskatchewan. It crosses the South Saskatchewan River via the Estuary Ferry. It is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) long.[31]Highway 741 was originally designated as part of Provincial Highway 21, which connected Leader with Macklin and Lloydminster.[32] In the 1930s, it was renumbered to Provincial Highway 32 while the north–south section was renumbered to Provincial Highway 17.[33] In the 1940s, Provincial Highway 32 west of Leader was decommissioned, along with the section of Provincial Highway 17 south of Macklin.[34] The route remained unnumbered until the municipal numbering system was established in the early 1980s.[35][36]","title":"SK 741"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"Cedoux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedoux"},{"link_name":"Fillmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillmore,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 606","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_606"}],"text":"Highway 742 runs from Highway 35 south of Cedoux east to Fillmore at Highway 606. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.","title":"SK 742"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 640","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_640"},{"link_name":"Krasne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krasne,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Highway 310","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_310"},{"link_name":"Wishart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishart,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Bankend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankend,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"West Bend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bend,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 639","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_639"},{"link_name":"35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"}],"text":"Highway 743 runs from Highway 640 near Krasne to Highway 310. The highway 743 passes near the communities of Wishart, Bankend, and West Bend and connects with Highways 639 and 35. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long.[37]","title":"SK 743"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nokomis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokomis,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"RM of Wreford No. 280","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Wreford_No._280"},{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"RM of Mount Hope No. 279","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Mount_Hope_No._279"}],"text":"Highway 744 runs from 1st Ave E near Nokomis in the RM of Wreford No. 280 east to Highway 6 in the RM of Mount Hope No. 279. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.","title":"SK 744"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"Elfros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfros,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 310","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_310"},{"link_name":"Kristnes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristnes,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"}],"text":"Highway 745 runs from Highway 35 near Elfros to Highway 310. The highway passes by the community of Kristnes. It is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long.[38]","title":"SK 745"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_16"},{"link_name":"Sheho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheho"},{"link_name":"Highway 5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_5"},{"link_name":"Canora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canora,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"}],"text":"Highway 746 runs from Highway 16 at Sheho east to Highway 5 near Canora. It is about 57 kilometres (35 mi) long.[39]","title":"SK 746"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"Highway 653","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_653"},{"link_name":"Davidson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidson,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"}],"text":"Highway 747 runs from the Highway 11 / Highway 653 junction near Davidson to Highway 2. It is about 43 kilometres (27 mi) long.[40]","title":"SK 747"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 653","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_653"},{"link_name":"RM of McCraney No. 282","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_McCraney_No._282"},{"link_name":"Simpson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"RM of Wood Creek No. 281","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Wood_Creek_No._281"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"}],"text":"Highway 748 runs from Highway 653 in the RM of McCraney No. 282 east to Simpson at Highway 2 in the RM of Wood Creek No. 281. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) long.[41]","title":"SK 748"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_19"},{"link_name":"Elbow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"Liberty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 627","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_627"},{"link_name":"Highway 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"Girvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girvin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"}],"text":"Highway 749 runs from Highway 19 near Elbow to Highway 2 near Liberty. The highway runs eastward from Highway 19, and it almost exclusively intersects minor Township Roads and Range Roads for its entire length. It intersects Highway 627 at km 26, and at km 51, it intersects Highway 11 after passing through the hamlet of Girvin. It is about 82 kilometres (51 mi) long.[42]","title":"SK 749"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_4"},{"link_name":"Elrose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elrose,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 42","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"}],"text":"Highway 751 runs from Highway 4 near Elrose east to Highway 42. It is about 44 kilometres (27 mi) long.[43]","title":"SK 751"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_30"},{"link_name":"Highway 44","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_44"},{"link_name":"Greenan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greenan,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bickley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bickley,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"}],"text":"Highway 752 runs from Highway 30 to Highway 44 near Greenan. The highway passes near the community of Bickley. It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) long.[44]","title":"SK 752"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9"},{"link_name":"Hinchcliffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinchcliffe,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Manitoba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba"},{"link_name":"Provincial Road 275","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba_Provincial_Road_275"},{"link_name":"Crestview, Manitoba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crestview,_Manitoba&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Danbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danbury,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Arabella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabella,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Whitebeech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitebeech,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Highways 662","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_662"},{"link_name":"8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_8"},{"link_name":"661","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_661"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"}],"text":"Highway 753 runs from Highway 9 near Hinchcliffe east to the Manitoba border where it continues as Provincial Road 275 near Crestview, Manitoba. The highway passes through the communities of Danbury, Arabella, and Whitebeech and intersects Highways 662, 8, and 661. It is about 76 kilometres (47 mi) long.[45]","title":"SK 753"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cement_Bridge_near_Buchanan.JPG"},{"link_name":"Highway 9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9"},{"link_name":"Highway 637","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_637"},{"link_name":"Rama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_5"},{"link_name":"Hazel Dell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazel_Dell,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Buchanan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchanan,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Spirit Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_Creek"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"}],"text":"A concrete bridge near Buchanan, Saskatchewan where Spirit Creek crosses Hwy 754.Highway 754 runs from Highway 9 to Highway 637. The highway becomes Louis Ave through the village of Rama before continuing north from its intersection with Highway 5 to its end point near Hazel Dell. About 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) west of Buchanan, the highway crosses Spirit Creek. It is about 32 kilometres (20 mi) long.[46]","title":"SK 754"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hazel Dell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazel_Dell,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 47","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_47"},{"link_name":"Preeceville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preeceville"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"}],"text":"Highway 755 runs from the Hazel Dell Access Road near Hazel Dell to Highway 47 near Preeceville. It is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) long.[47]","title":"SK 755"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_20"},{"link_name":"Highway 38","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_38"},{"link_name":"Highways 368","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_368"},{"link_name":"6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"640","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_640"},{"link_name":"35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"Marysburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marysburg"},{"link_name":"Annaheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annaheim,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Spalding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalding,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Rose Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Yellow Quill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Quill_90-9"},{"link_name":"Indian reserve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_reserve"}],"text":"Highway 756 runs from Highway 20 near Deadmoose Lake east to Highway 38 near Little Nut Lake. It intersects Highways 368, 6, 640, and 35. Communities along the highway include Marysburg, Annaheim, Spalding, and Rose Valley. It also passes through the Yellow Quill Indian reserve. Highway 756 is about 115 kilometres (71 mi) long.","title":"SK 756"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 640","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_640"},{"link_name":"Quill Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quill_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Hendon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendon,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"}],"text":"Highway 758, the Hendon Grid Road, runs from Highway 640 near Quill Lake to Highway 35 near Hendon. It is about 29 kilometres (18 mi) long.[48]","title":"SK 758"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Endeavour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9"}],"text":"Highway 759 runs from 1st Street South at the village of Endeavour east to Highway 9. It is about 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) long.","title":"SK 759"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fosston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosston,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 760 runs from Highway 35 at Fosston east to Highway 38. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.","title":"SK 760"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 668","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_668"},{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"Leroy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Lanigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanigan,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_20"},{"link_name":"Drake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Leroy Leisureland Regional Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy_Leisureland_Regional_Park"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"}],"text":"Highway 761 runs from Highway 668 to Highway 6 near Leroy. The highway passes through town of Lanigan; it also has a spur that links it to Highway 20 in Drake. Access to Leroy Leisureland Regional Park is from Highway 761. It is about 88 kilometres (55 mi) long.[49]","title":"SK 761"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 672","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_672"},{"link_name":"Vanscoy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanscoy,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Circle Drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_Drive"},{"link_name":"Saskatoon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatoon"},{"link_name":"Highway 60","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_60"},{"link_name":"landfill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"}],"text":"Highway 762 runs from Highway 672 at Vanscoy east then north to Circle Drive in Saskatoon. About 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) east of Vanscoy, Highway 60 intersects the highway. West of Highway 60, Highway 762 is called Vanscoy Road and east of Highway 60 it is called Valley Road, which enters Saskatoon on its south-west side and terminates with an interchange at Circle Drive. Prior to 2013, Valley Road connected with Dundonald Avenue as it entered the city and the highway terminated at an at-grade intersection at 11th Street West. Since the early 2010s the road has provided the main access route to the city's landfill. It is about 29 kilometres (18 mi) long.[50]","title":"SK 762"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bradwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradwell,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Zelma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelma,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"concurrency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(road)"},{"link_name":"Highway 397","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_397"},{"link_name":"Allan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Bradwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradwell_Reservoir"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"Zelma Reservoirs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelma_Reservoir"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"}],"text":"Highway 763 runs from the Bradwell Access Road near Bradwell to the Zelma Access Road near Zelma. The highway has a 5-km concurrency with Highway 397 just west of Allan, the only town that Highway 763 passes, excluding Bradwell and Zelma. The highway also provides access to Bradwell[51] and Zelma Reservoirs. It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) long.[52]","title":"SK 763"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 219","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_219"},{"link_name":"Highway 397","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_397"},{"link_name":"Highway 763","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_763"},{"link_name":"Allan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Hanley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanley,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"Allan Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_(Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Allan Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"}],"text":"Highway 764 runs from Highway 219 to Highway 397 / Highway 763 near Allan. Highway 764 heads eastward from Highway 219 as the Hanley Grid Road. Access roads to the town of Hanley are about 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Highway 219, and Highway 764 intersects Highway 11 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) later. At Range Road 3013, Highway 764 shifts northward over the Allan Hills, and through the community of Allan Hills. The highway ends at a three-way junction of Highways 397, 763, and 764. All three highways end at this intersection. Highway 764 is about 83 kilometres (52 mi) long.[53]","title":"SK 764"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_7"},{"link_name":"Delisle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delisle,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 60","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_60"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"}],"text":"Highway 766 runs from Highway 7 at Delisle to Highway 60. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.[54]","title":"SK 766"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 41","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_41"},{"link_name":"Smuts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smuts,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"}],"text":"Highway 767 runs from Highway 41 near Smuts to Highway 2. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.[55]","title":"SK 767"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_7"},{"link_name":"Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_4"},{"link_name":"Valley Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_Centre,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 655","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_655"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"}],"text":"Highway 768 runs from Highway 7 near Harris to Highway 4. The highway passes through the community of Valley Centre. The only highway it intersects is Highway 655. It is about 35 kilometres (22 mi).[56]","title":"SK 768"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cochin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_4"},{"link_name":"Highway 378","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_378"},{"link_name":"Rabbit Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"RM of Round Hill No. 467","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Round_Hill_No._467"},{"link_name":"Moosomin Indian reserve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosomin_First_Nation"},{"link_name":"Highway 794","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_794"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"}],"text":"Highway 769 runs from Cochin at Highway 4 east to Highway 378, north of Rabbit Lake in the RM of Round Hill No. 467. The highway runs through the Moosomin Indian reserve and intersects Highway 794 at Highway 378. It is about 42.4 kilometres (26.3 mi) long.[57]","title":"SK 769"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 317","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_317"},{"link_name":"Cactus Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cactus_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_21"},{"link_name":"Highways 31","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_31"},{"link_name":"675","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_675"},{"link_name":"Luseland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luseland,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"}],"text":"Highway 771 runs from Highway 317 near Cactus Lake to Highway 21. The highway intersects Highways 31 and 675. Near this intersection is the town of Luseland. It is about 49 kilometres (30 mi) long.[58]","title":"SK 771"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 317","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_317"},{"link_name":"Hoosier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoosier,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 307","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_307"},{"link_name":"Smiley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiley,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"}],"text":"Highway 772 runs from Highway 317 near Hoosier to Highway 307 near Smiley. The highway passes through the small community of Dewar Lake. It is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long.[59]","title":"SK 772"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 38","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_38"},{"link_name":"Chelan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelan,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"McKague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McKague,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"concurrency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(road)"},{"link_name":"Highway 679","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_679"},{"link_name":"Pré-Ste-Marié","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9-Ste-Mari%C3%A9,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"}],"text":"Highway 773 runs from Highway 38 near Chelan to Highway 35 near McKague. The highway has a 4-km concurrency with Highway 679 near Pré-Ste-Marié. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) long.[60]","title":"SK 773"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_17_(Alberta%E2%80%93Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Lloydminster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloydminster"},{"link_name":"Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta"},{"link_name":"Highway 684","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_684"},{"link_name":"RM of Britannia No. 502","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM_of_Britannia_No._502"}],"text":"Highway 774 runs from Highway 17 about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of Lloydminster at the Alberta border east to Highway 684 within the RM of Britannia No. 502. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.","title":"SK 774"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 41","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_41"},{"link_name":"Ethelton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethelton,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Highway 23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_23"},{"link_name":"Bjorkdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjorkdale,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"681","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_681"},{"link_name":"Flett Springs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flett_Springs,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lipsett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lipsett,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Clemens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clemens,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"South Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Star,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvania,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Bensham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bensham,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"}],"text":"Highway 776 runs from Highway 41 near Ethelton to Highway 23 near Bjorkdale. The highway intersects Highways 35 and 681. It passes near Flett Springs, Lipsett, Clemens, South Star, Sylvania, and Bensham. It is about 99 kilometres (62 mi) long.[61]","title":"SK 776"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 41","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_41"},{"link_name":"Alvena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvena,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"Naicam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naicam,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Cudworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cudworth,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Middle Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Lake Lenore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Lenore,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Lucien Lake Regional Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucien_Lake_Regional_Park"},{"link_name":"Highways 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_20"},{"link_name":"368","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_368"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"}],"text":"Highway 777 runs from Highway 41 at Alvena to Highway 6 near Naicam. The highway passes through the communities of Cudworth, Middle Lake, and Lake Lenore and provides access to Lucien Lake Regional Park. It intersects Highways 2, 20, and 368. The highway is about 119 kilometres (74 mi) long.[62]","title":"SK 777"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_20"},{"link_name":"Crystal Springs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Springs,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"Lenvale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lenvale,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kinistino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinistino"},{"link_name":"Struthers Lake Regional Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struthers_Lake_Regional_Park"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"}],"text":"Highway 778 runs from Highway 20 at Crystal Springs to Highway 6 near Lenvale. The highway passes through Kinistino and provides access to Struthers Lake Regional Park.[63] It is about 62 kilometres (39 mi) long.[64]","title":"SK 778"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 26","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_26"},{"link_name":"Peerless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerless,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_4"},{"link_name":"Dorintosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorintosh"},{"link_name":"Meadow Lake Provincial Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow_Lake_Provincial_Park"}],"text":"Highway 779 runs from Highway 26 north of Peerless east to Highway 4 at Dorintosh. The highway skirts the southern boundary of Meadow Lake Provincial Park. It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long.","title":"SK 779"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"Highway 55","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_55"},{"link_name":"White Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Star,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"}],"text":"Highway 780 runs from Highway 2 to Highway 55. About 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Highway 2, the highway passes through the town of White Star. It is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) long.[65]","title":"SK 780"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_12"},{"link_name":"Petrofka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrofka,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Highway 685","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_685"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"}],"text":"Highway 781 runs from Highway 12 near Petrofka to Highway 685. It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) long.[66]","title":"SK 781"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"Duck Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2"},{"link_name":"St. Louis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"South Saskatchewan River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Saskatchewan_River"},{"link_name":"St. Laurent Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Laurent_Ferry"},{"link_name":"St. Laurent de Grandin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Laurent_de_Grandin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"}],"text":"Highway 782 runs from Highway 11 near Duck Lake to Highway 2 near St. Louis. The highway crosses the South Saskatchewan River by the St. Laurent Ferry 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Highway 11, near St. Laurent de Grandin. It is about 38 kilometres (24 mi) long.[67]","title":"SK 782"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 212","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_212"},{"link_name":"Duck Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_40"},{"link_name":"Marcelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"North Saskatchewan River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Saskatchewan_River"},{"link_name":"Wingard Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingard_Ferry"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"}],"text":"Highway 783 runs from the Highway 11 / Highway 212 intersection near Duck Lake to Highway 40 at Marcelin. It crosses the North Saskatchewan River by the Wingard Ferry. It is about 54 kilometres (34 mi) long.[68]","title":"SK 783"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 29","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_29"},{"link_name":"Wilkie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkie,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 41","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_41"},{"link_name":"Aberdeen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Cando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cando,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Struan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struan,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Dalmeny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmeny,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Warman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warman,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"South Saskatchewan River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Saskatchewan_River"},{"link_name":"Clarkboro Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarkboro_Ferry"}],"text":"Highway 784 runs from Highway 29 near Wilkie to Highway 41 near Aberdeen. The highway passes near the communities of Cando, Struan, Dalmeny, and Warman. East of Warman, the road crosses the South Saskatchewan River by the Clarkboro Ferry. It is about 188 kilometres (117 mi) long.","title":"SK 784"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_12"},{"link_name":"Highway 41","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_41"},{"link_name":"Hague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11"},{"link_name":"784","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_784"},{"link_name":"South Saskatchewan River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Saskatchewan_River"},{"link_name":"Hague Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague_Ferry"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"}],"text":"Highway 785 runs from Highway 12 to Highway 41 near Aberdeen. The highway passes near Hague and it connects with Highways 11 and 784. Highway 785 crosses the South Saskatchewan River by the Hague Ferry. It is about 53 kilometres (33 mi) long.[69]","title":"SK 785"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_12"},{"link_name":"Highway 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_40"},{"link_name":"Marcelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"}],"text":"Highway 786 runs from Highway 12 to Highway 40 near Marcelin. It is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long.[70]","title":"SK 786"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 29","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_29"},{"link_name":"Senlac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senlac,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Cloan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cloan,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Swarthmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swarthmore,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Winter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Rutland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_21"},{"link_name":"675","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_675"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"}],"text":"Highway 787 runs from Highway 29 to the Senlac Access Road near Senlac. The highway passes near the communities of Cloan, Swarthmore, Winter, and Rutland and connects with Highways 21 and 675. It is about 100 km (62 mi) long.[71]","title":"SK 787"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 693","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_693"},{"link_name":"Highway 355","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_355"},{"link_name":"Deer Ridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deer_Ridge,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"}],"text":"Highway 788 runs from Highway 693 until it transitions into Highway 355. The highway passes near the town of Deer Ridge. It is about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) long.[72]","title":"SK 788"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_3"},{"link_name":"Muskoday First Nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskoday_First_Nation"},{"link_name":"Highway 690","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_690"},{"link_name":"Connell Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Connell_Creek,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Brockington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brockington,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Gronlid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronlid,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Codette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codette,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Carrot River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot_River,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"Highway 23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_23"}],"text":"Highway 789 runs from Highway 3 within the Muskoday First Nation to Highway 690 near Connell Creek. The highway passes near the communities of Brockington, Gronlid, Codette, and Carrot River. It has a 15 km (9.3 mi) concurrency with Highway 6 and a 7 km (4.3 mi) concurrency with Highway 23. The highway is about 171 kilometres (106 mi) long.","title":"SK 789"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_6"},{"link_name":"Old Highway 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_35"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"}],"text":"Highway 790 runs from Highway 6 to Old Highway 35 (Range Road 150). The highway passes through the unincorporated community of Cherry Ridge. It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) long.[73]","title":"SK 790"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 120","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_120"},{"link_name":"Paddockwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddockwood,_Saskatchewan"}],"text":"Highway 791 runs from Highway 120 to Paddockwood, where it becomes the Paddockwood Access Road. It is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long.","title":"SK 791"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_12"},{"link_name":"Highway 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_40"},{"link_name":"Leask","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leask,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Muskeg Lake Cree Nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskeg_Lake_Cree_Nation"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-74"}],"text":"Highway 792 runs from Highway 12 to Highway 40 near Leask. The highway passes near Royal Lake and the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation. It is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long.[74]","title":"SK 792"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 24","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_24"},{"link_name":"Highway 55","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_55"},{"link_name":"Morin Lake Regional Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morin_Lake_Regional_Park"},{"link_name":"Debden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debden,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Ormeaux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ormeaux,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Victoire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoire,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Big River Indian Reserve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_River_First_Nation"},{"link_name":"Highway 695","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_695"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"}],"text":"Highway 793 runs from Highway 24 to Highway 55. The highway provides access to Morin Lake Regional Park and passes through or near the communities of Debden, Ormeaux, and Victoire. It also passes through the Big River Indian Reserve and intersects Highway 695. It is about 51 kilometres (32 mi) long.[75]","title":"SK 793"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 26","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_26"},{"link_name":"Mervin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervin,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 378","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_378"},{"link_name":"Rabbit Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Robinhood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinhood,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Medstead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medstead,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highways 697","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_697"},{"link_name":"4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_4"},{"link_name":"769","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_769"}],"text":"Highway 794 runs from Highway 26 at Mervin east to Highway 378 near Rabbit Lake. The highway passes through the communities of Daysville, Longhope, Robinhood, Medstead, and Glenbush and intersects Highways 697, 4, and 769. The section from Mervin east to Highway 4 is called Mervin Road and the section from Highway 4 east to Robinhood is called Robinhood Road. Highway 794 is about 98 kilometres (61 mi) long.","title":"SK 794"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 26","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_26"},{"link_name":"Turtle Lake South Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_Lake_South_Bay"},{"link_name":"Turtle Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_Lake_(Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Highway 796","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_796"},{"link_name":"Stowlea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stowlea,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bright Sand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bright_Sand,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Powm Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powm_Beach"},{"link_name":"Livelong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livelong,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Turtle Lake South Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_Lake_South_Bay"},{"link_name":"Brightsand Lake Regional Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightsand_Lake_Regional_Park"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"}],"text":"Highway 795 runs from Highway 26 to Turtle Lake South Bay, where it transitions into the Turtle Lake Access Road. The highway intersects Highway 796 and passes through or near the communities of Stowlea, Bright Sand, Powm Beach, Aspen Cove, Livelong, and Turtle Lake South Bay and provides access to Brightsand Lake Regional Park. It is about 47 kilometres (29 mi) long.[76]","title":"SK 795"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 26","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_26"},{"link_name":"Spruce Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 795","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_795"},{"link_name":"Aspen Cove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspen_Cove,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Parkland Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkland_Beach,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Turtle Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_Lake_(Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Crystal-Bay Sunset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Bay-Sunset,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Brightsand Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightsand_Lake"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"}],"text":"Highway 796 runs from Highway 26 near Spruce Lake to Highway 795 near Aspen Cove and Parkland Beach on Turtle Lake. The highway connects with an access road to Crystal-Bay Sunset on Brightsand Lake. It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) long.[77]","title":"SK 796"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frenchman Butte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchman_Butte,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_17_(Alberta%E2%80%93Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta"},{"link_name":"Fort Pitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Harlan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harlan,_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"}],"text":"Highway 797 runs from Frenchman Butte, taking over from the Frenchman Butte Access Road, to Highway 17 at the Alberta border. The highway passes near Fort Pitt, and the community of Harlan is accessible from the highway. It is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long.[78]","title":"SK 797"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Highway 684","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_684"},{"link_name":"Highway 17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_17_(Alberta%E2%80%93Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta"},{"link_name":"Hillmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillmond,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 675","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_675"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"}],"text":"Highway 798 runs from Highway 684 to Highway 17 on the Alberta border. The highway passes near the town of Hillmond and also intersects Highway 675.[79] It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) long.","title":"SK 798"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Meadow Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow_Lake,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Highway 698","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_698"},{"link_name":"Meadow Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow_Lake_(Saskatchewan)"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"}],"text":"Highway 799 runs from Highway 4 south of the city of Meadow Lake to Highway 698. The highway runs through Cabana and south of Meadow Lake, traversing predominantly rural regions. The highway is used by commercial vehicles for access to industrial sites in the region. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long.[80]Highway 799 was constructed in the 1940s, and originally ran from the Alberta border in the west to Highway 9 in the east. In the 1960s, the western section was renumbered as part of Highway 5, leaving the current route of Highway 799 in place.","title":"SK 799"}] | [{"image_text":"Highway 700","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/SK_Hwy_700.jpg/190px-SK_Hwy_700.jpg"},{"image_text":"CN level crossing at Highway 702 at Browning","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/SK_Hwy_702.jpg/190px-SK_Hwy_702.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 704's western terminus at Highway 39","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sask_Hwy_704.jpg/190px-Sask_Hwy_704.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 705 at its eastern terminus, north of Benson","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Saskatchewan_Highway_705.jpg/190px-Saskatchewan_Highway_705.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 705 north of Goodwater","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sask_Hwy_705.jpg/190px-Sask_Hwy_705.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 707 in the RM of Souris Valley No. 7","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sask_Highway_707.jpg/190px-Sask_Highway_707.jpg"},{"image_text":"The western terminus of Hwy 708 at Hwy 35 Francis","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SK_708.jpg/190px-SK_708.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 709 at Highway 9","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sk_hwy_709.jpg/190px-Sk_hwy_709.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 710 at Milestone","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sk_Hwy_710_thu_Milestone_Sk.jpg/190px-Sk_Hwy_710_thu_Milestone_Sk.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 711 map","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SaskatchewanHighwayMap711.png/190px-SaskatchewanHighwayMap711.png"},{"image_text":"Highway 728 entering the RM of Big Stick No. 141 near Bigstick Lake.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sk_Hwy_728_RM_Big_Stick.jpg/190px-Sk_Hwy_728_RM_Big_Stick.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 732 road sign on Highway 11","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SkHwy732.jpg/150px-SkHwy732.jpg"},{"image_text":"Highway 734 and Condie signs along Highway 11.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/SkHwy734-Condie.jpg/190px-SkHwy734-Condie.jpg"},{"image_text":"A concrete bridge near Buchanan, Saskatchewan where Spirit Creek crosses Hwy 754.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cement_Bridge_near_Buchanan.JPG/180px-Cement_Bridge_near_Buchanan.JPG"}] | [{"title":"List of Saskatchewan municipal roads (600–699)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_municipal_roads_(600%E2%80%93699)"},{"title":"List of Saskatchewan provincial highways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_provincial_highways"},{"title":"Roads in Saskatchewan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roads_in_Saskatchewan"}] | [{"reference":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 700\". Google maps. Google. Retrieved 1 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.google.ca/maps/dir/49.2899135,-102.7689432/49.2899433,-102.2756429/@49.2957189,-102.5312624,12.25z/data=!4m2!4m1!3e0","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 700\""}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 702\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-702,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 702\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"\"Highway 703\". Google maps. Google. Retrieved 11 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/dir/49.0290806,-102.9890478/49.0285473,-102.5447718/@49.0681673,-102.7055817,55145m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!4m1!3e0","url_text":"\"Highway 703\""}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Overview map of Saskatchewan Highway 704\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-704,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Overview map of Saskatchewan Highway 704\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"\"Highway 705\". Geoview.info. Geoview.info. Retrieved 22 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://ca.geoview.info/highway_705,71365389w","url_text":"\"Highway 705\""}]},{"reference":"\"Highway 707\". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 3 April 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.google.ca/maps/dir/49.0873597,-103.8097828/49.1455342,-104.0761393/@49.1226298,-104.0655403,11.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m10!3m4!1m2!1d-103.874876!2d49.0871886!3s0x5321e738f86161db:0x87252f89e4647ac2!3m4!1m2!1d-104.0712542!2d49.0874599!3s0x5321fcb246de2dcf:0x7a3d5450f0580cf9!1m0!3e0","url_text":"\"Highway 707\""}]},{"reference":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 710\". Google Maps. Google. 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Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-768,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 768\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"\"Highway 769\". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 19 May 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.google.ca/maps/dir/53.1617827,-107.7750801/53.0788176,-108.336578/@53.1389154,-108.1459886,11.5z/data=!4m2!4m1!3e2","url_text":"\"Highway 769\""}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 771\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-771,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 771\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 772\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-772,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 772\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 773\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-773,+Saskatchewan/@52.3423551,-103.8558715,9.5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x52fd9ff10dae6283:0xc56d8838a91dc54d!8m2!3d52.6094542!4d-103.7107994","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 773\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 776\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-776,+Saskatchewan/@52.6963297,-104.1082686,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x52fd85ee1d61b569:0xecc4c330a1ef86b2!8m2!3d52.6963265!4d-104.1060799","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 776\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (21 September 2017). \"Highway 777 in Saskatchewan\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 21 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.ca/maps/dir/52.522127,-106.0077407/52.4931009,-105.7496704/52.4054892,-104.9774408/52.4201099,-104.5010118/@52.4653891,-105.8274467,9.63z/data=!4m11!4m10!1m5!3m4!1m2!1d-105.853037!2d52.522158!3s0x530390f224053efb:0xe394db130e4c27a7!1m0!1m0!1m0!3e0","url_text":"\"Highway 777 in Saskatchewan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"\"Struthers Lake Regional Park\". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 9 September 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tourismsaskatchewan.com/listings/2945/struthers-lake-regional-park","url_text":"\"Struthers Lake Regional Park\""}]},{"reference":"Google (21 September 2017). \"Highway 778 in Saskatchewan\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 21 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.ca/maps/dir/52.8056017,-105.3657922/52.8966244,-105.2196045/52.9471783,-105.025016/52.9873909,-104.8283794/53.0165458,-104.6158648/@52.9108522,-105.2710257,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!4m1!3e0","url_text":"\"Highway 778 in Saskatchewan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 780\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-780,+Saskatchewan/@53.2872147,-105.5016284,15.25z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x53019c61f467cedb:0xb3588e8d65f95ffc!8m2!3d53.2890997!4d-105.4948057","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 780\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 781\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-781,+Saskatchewan/@52.6564247,-107.2127754,11z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x53043a9a19870581:0x8ec76904d8432091!8m2!3d52.638527!4d-107.0456948","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 781\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 782\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-782,+Saskatchewan/@52.8969608,-105.9325607,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x5303e636312fa5b7:0xe1faa83d6f66d9d8!8m2!3d52.8969576!4d-105.930372","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 782\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 783\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-783,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 783\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 785\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-785,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 785\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 786\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-786,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 786\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 787\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-787,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 787\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 788\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-788,+Saskatchewan+S0J+2E1/@53.437916,-106.0862583,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x530113ff76ddb203:0x8e38e8067410a17a!8m2!3d53.4379128!4d-106.0840696","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 788\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 790\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-790,+Torch+River+No.+488,+SK/@53.3944702,-104.2793634,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x52fe0e2507da964f:0x50e1bd5c57c2228b!8m2!3d53.394467!4d-104.2771747","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 790\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (26 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 792\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 26 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-792,+Saskatchewan/","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 792\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 793\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-793,+Saskatchewan/@53.5906127,-107.2055543,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x53072744639564c1:0xae98de52e8eaae55!8m2!3d53.5906095!4d-107.2033656","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 793\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 795\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-795,+Saskatchewan/@53.6569554,-108.9321454,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x5307decbe88460c1:0x446acd6a63d0c049!8m2!3d53.6569522!4d-108.9299567","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 795\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 796\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-796,+Saskatchewan/@53.5405551,-108.8986147","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 796\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 797\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 23 November 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google","url_text":"Google"},{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-797,+Saskatchewan/@53.6281812,-109.7971377","url_text":"\"Saskatchewan Highway 797\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps","url_text":"Google Maps"}]},{"reference":"\"SK-798\". google.com/maps.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SK-798,+Britannia+No.+502,+SK/@53.4243522,-109.8849863,12z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x53084891e8ac070d:0x16808361ef9dab2f!8m2!3d53.4243522!4d-109.8149485","url_text":"\"SK-798\""}]},{"reference":"Google (23 November 2020). \"Saskatchewan Highway 799\" (Map). Google Maps. Google. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_O%27Flaherty | Terry O'Flaherty | ["1 References","2 External links"] | Irish mayor
Terry O'Flaherty is a former Mayor of Galway.
A daughter of a previous Mayor, Bridie O'Flaherty, she was guest at the 2004 St. Patrick's Day Parade in Seattle. She was first elected to Galway City Council in 1999 as a member of the Progressive Democrats. She resigned from the party on 21 October 2008 over the issue of means testing medical cards for over 70s introduced in that years Budget and was re-elected as an Independent in 2009 in the Galway City East local electoral area.
It was during her first term of office that the notable sculpture of Oscar Wilde and Eduard Wilde was unveiled in the city.
References
^ Christina M. McDonald (17 March 2004). "Hard to Beat St. Patrick's Day in Galway". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
^ "Terry O'Flaherty". Electionsireland.org.
External links
Listing of previous Mayors of Galway
Civic offices
Preceded byVal Hanley
Mayor of Galway 2003–2004
Succeeded byCatherine Connolly
Preceded byHildegarde Naughton
Mayor of Galway 2012–2013
Succeeded byPádraig Conneely | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mayor of Galway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Galway"},{"link_name":"Bridie O'Flaherty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridie_O%27Flaherty"},{"link_name":"St. Patrick's Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day"},{"link_name":"Seattle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Galway City Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway_City_Council"},{"link_name":"Progressive Democrats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Democrats"},{"link_name":"Independent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Oscar Wilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Wilde"},{"link_name":"Eduard Wilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Wilde"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Terry O'Flaherty is a former Mayor of Galway.A daughter of a previous Mayor, Bridie O'Flaherty, she was guest at the 2004 St. Patrick's Day Parade in Seattle.[1] She was first elected to Galway City Council in 1999 as a member of the Progressive Democrats. She resigned from the party on 21 October 2008 over the issue of means testing medical cards for over 70s introduced in that years Budget and was re-elected as an Independent in 2009 in the Galway City East local electoral area.[2]It was during her first term of office that the notable sculpture of Oscar Wilde and Eduard Wilde was unveiled in the city.[citation needed]","title":"Terry O'Flaherty"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Christina M. McDonald (17 March 2004). \"Hard to Beat St. Patrick's Day in Galway\". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.","urls":[{"url":"http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=%28%2010165E986905AB09%20%29&p_docid=10165E986905AB09&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=10165E986905AB09&f_openurl=yes&p_nbid=B73B63DWMTM1Njc0OTg3MS4yNjA1NTc6MToxMzoxOTIuMTYwLjIxNi4w&&p_multi=SPIB","url_text":"\"Hard to Beat St. Patrick's Day in Galway\""}]},{"reference":"\"Terry O'Flaherty\". Electionsireland.org.","urls":[{"url":"https://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?id=379","url_text":"\"Terry O'Flaherty\""}]}] | [{"Link":"http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=%28%2010165E986905AB09%20%29&p_docid=10165E986905AB09&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=10165E986905AB09&f_openurl=yes&p_nbid=B73B63DWMTM1Njc0OTg3MS4yNjA1NTc6MToxMzoxOTIuMTYwLjIxNi4w&&p_multi=SPIB","external_links_name":"\"Hard to Beat St. Patrick's Day in Galway\""},{"Link":"https://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?id=379","external_links_name":"\"Terry O'Flaherty\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071119083053/http://www.galwaycity.ie/AllServices/YourCouncil/HistoryofTheCityCouncil/PreviousMayors/","external_links_name":"Listing of previous Mayors of Galway"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun_Nama | Gulbadan Begum | ["1 Name","2 Early life","3 Writing of the Humayun Nama","4 Pilgrimage to Mecca","5 Later life","6 In popular culture","7 References","8 Bibliography","9 External links"] | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Gulbadan Begum" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Shahzadi of the Mughal Empire
Gulbadan BegumShahzadi of the Mughal EmpireThe imperial princess Gulbadan BegumBornc. 1523Kabul, AfghanistanDied7 February 1603(1603-02-07) (aged 79–80)Agra, IndiaBurialGardens of Babur, KabulSpouse
Khizr Khwaja Khan
(m. 1540)IssueSa'adat Yar KhanHouseTimuridDynastyTimuridFatherBaburMotherDildarReligionSunni Islam
Gulbadan Begum (c. 1523 – 7 February 1603) was a Mughal princess and the daughter of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire.
She is best known as the author of Humayun-Nama, the account of the life of her half-brother, Emperor Humayun, which she wrote on the request of her nephew, Emperor Akbar. Gulbadan's recollection of Babur is brief, but she gives a refreshing account of Humayun's household and provides a rare material regarding his confrontation with her half-brother, Kamran Mirza. She records the fratricidal conflict among her brothers with a sense of grief.
Gulbadan Begum was about eight years old at the time of her father's death in 1530 and was brought up by her older half-brother, Humayun. She was married to a Chagatai noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of Aiman Khwajah Sultan, son of Khan Ahmad Alaq of the Turpan Khanate in Moghulistan at the age of seventeen.
She spent most of her life in Kabul. In 1557, she was invited by her nephew, Akbar, to join the imperial household at Agra. She wielded great influence and respect in the imperial household and was much loved both by Akbar and his mother, Hamida Banu Begum. Gulbadan Begum is mentioned throughout the Akbarnama (lit. 'Book of Akbar') of Abu'l Fazl and much of her biographical details are accessible through the work.
Along with several other royal women, Gulbadan Begum undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca and returned home seven years later in 1582. She died in 1603.
Name
Gulbadan Begum's name means "body like a rose flower" or "rose body" in Classical Persian.
Early life
When Princess Gulbadan was born in c. 1523 to Dildar Begum. Her father, Babur, had been lord in Kabul for nineteen years; he was also the ruler of Kunduz and Badakhshan, had held Bajaur and Swat since 1519, and Kandahar for a year. During ten of those nineteen years, he had been styled padishah as the head of the House of Timur and for his independent sovereignty.
Gulbadan's siblings included her older brother, Hindal Mirza, and two other sisters, Gulrang Begum and Gulchehra Begum, while her younger brother Alwar Mirza, died in his childhood. Among her siblings, Gulbadan was very close to her brother, Hindal Mirza.
At the age of seventeen, Gulbadan was married to a Chagatai noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of Aiman Khwajah Sultan, son of Khan Ahmad Alaq of the Turpan Khanate.
In 1540, Humayun lost the kingdom that his father Babur had established in India, to Sher Shah Suri, a Pashtun soldier from Bihar, who established the Sur Empire. With only his pregnant wife Hamida Banu Begum, one female attendant, and a few loyal supporters, Humayun fled to Lahore and then Kabul. He was in exile for the next fifteen years in Safavid Iran.
Gulbadan Begum went to live in Kabul again. Her life, like all the other women of the Mughal Harem, was intricately intertwined with three Mughal kings – her father Babur, brother Humayun, and nephew Akbar.
Two years after Humayun reestablished the empire, Gulbadan accompanied other Mughal women of the harem back to Agra at the behest of Akbar, who had begun his rule after Humayan died in a fall.
Writing of the Humayun Nama
Akbar commissioned Gulbadan Begum to chronicle the story of his father, Humayun. He was fond of his aunt and knew of her storytelling skills. It was fashionable for the Mughals to engage writers to document their own reigns (Akbar's own history, Akbarnama, was written by the well-known Persian scholar Abul Fazl). Akbar asked his aunt to write whatever she remembered about her brother's life. Gulbadan Begum took the challenge and produced a document titled Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah Kardom Gulbadan Begum bint Babur Padshah amma Akbar Padshah. It came to be known as Humayun-nama.
Gulbadan wrote in simple Persian, without the erudite language used by better-known writers. Her father Babur had written Babur-nama in the same style, and she took his cue and wrote from her memories. Unlike some of her contemporary writers, Gulbadan wrote a factual account of what she remembered, without embellishment. What she produced not only chronicles the trials and tribulations of Humayun's rule, but also gives us a glimpse of life in the Mughal harem. It is the only surviving writing penned by a woman of Mughal royalty in the 16th century.
There has been suspicion that Gulbadan wrote the Humayun-Nama in her native language of Turkic rather than Persian, and that the book available today is a translation.
Upon being entrusted with the directive by Akbar to write the manuscript, Gulbadan Begum begins thus:There had been an order issued, ‘Write down whatever you know of the doings of Firdous-Makani (Babur) and Jannat-Ashyani (Humayun)’. At this time when his Majesty Firdaus-Makani passed from this perishable world to the everlasting home, I, this lowly one, was eight years old, so it may well be that I do not remember much. However in obedience to the royal command, I set down whatever there is that I have heard and remember.
From her account, we know that Gulbadan was married by the age of 17 to her cousin, Khizr Khwaja, a Chagatai prince who was the son of her father's cousin, Aiman Khwajah Sultan. She had at least one son. She had migrated to India in 1528 from Kabul with one of her stepmothers, who was allowed to adopt her as her own on the command of her father, the Emperor. After the defeat of Humayun in 1540, she moved back to Kabul to live with one of her half-brothers. She did not return to Agra immediately after Humayun won back his kingdom. Instead, she stayed behind in Kabul until she was brought back to Agra by Akbar, two years after Humayun died in a tragic accident in 1556. Gulbadan Begum lived in Agra and then in Sikri for a short while, but mostly in Lahore or with the Court for the rest of her life, except for a period of seven years when she undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca. The Mughal Court even up to the early years of Shah Jahan's reign was never a confined thing, but a travelling grand encampment and there is no doubt that Gulbadan Banu Begum, like most Mughal ladies, hated the confines living in buildings and no doubt, wholeheartedly agreed with the verses of Jahanara Begum, the daughter of Shah Jahan, that the rot of the empire would set in when the Mughals confined themselves to closed houses.
She appears to have been an educated, pious, and cultured woman of royalty. She was fond of reading and she had enjoyed the confidences of both her brother, Humayun, and nephew, Akbar. From her account it is also apparent that she was an astute observer, well-versed with the intricacies of warfare and the intrigues of royal deal making. The first part of her story deals with Humayun's rule after her father's death and the travails of Humayun after his defeat. She had written little about her father Babur, as she was only aged eight when he died. However, there are anecdotes and stories she had heard about him from her companions in the Mahal (harem) that she included in her account. The latter part also deals with life in the Mughal harem.
She recorded one light-hearted incident about Babur. He had minted a large gold coin, as he was fond of doing, after he established his kingdom in India. This heavy gold coin was sent to Kabul, with special instructions to play a practical joke on the court jester Asas, who had stayed behind in Kabul. Asas was to be blindfolded and the coin was to be hung around his neck. Asas was intrigued and worried about the heavy weight around his neck, not knowing what it was. However, when he realised that it was a gold coin, Asas jumped with joy and pranced around the room, repeatedly saying that no one shall ever take it from him.
Gulbadan Begum describes her father's death when her brother had fallen ill at the age of 22. She tells that Babur was depressed to see his son seriously ill and dying. For four days he circumambulated the bed of his son repeatedly, praying to Allah, begging to be taken to the eternal world in his son's place. As if by miracle, his prayers were answered. The son recovered and the 47-year-old father died soon after.
Soon after his exile, Humayun had seen and fallen in love with a 13-year-old girl named Hamida Banu the niece of Shah Husain Mirza. At first she refused to come to see the Emperor, who was much older than her. Finally she was advised by the other women of the harem to reconsider, and she consented to marry the Emperor. Two years later, in 1542, she bore Humayun a son named Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal rulers. Gulbadan Begum described the details of this incident and the marriage of Humayun and Hamida Banu with glee, and a hint of mischievousness in her manuscript.
Gulbadan also recorded the nomadic life style of Mughal women. Her younger days were spent in the typical style of the peripatetic Mughal family, wandering between Kabul, Agra and Lahore. During Humayun's exile the problem was further exaggerated. She had to live in Kabul with one of her step brothers, who later tried to recruit her husband to join him against Humayun. Gulbadan Begum persuaded her husband not to do so. He, however, did so during her nephew's reign and, along with his son, was defeated and was expelled from court and from her presence for the rest of his life. He was not even allowed to be buried next to her. His grave is in one corner of the main quadrangle in which she is buried.
If Gulbadan Begum wrote about the death of Humayun, when he tumbled down the steps in Purana Qila in Delhi, it has been lost. The manuscript seems to end abruptly in the year 1552, four years before the death of Humayun. It ends in mid-sentence, describing the blinding of Kamran Mirza. As we know that Gulbadan Begum had received the directive to write the story of Humayun's rule by Akbar, long after the death of Humayun, it is reasonable to believe that the only available manuscript is an incomplete version of her writing. It is also believed that Akbar asked his aunt to write down from her memory so that Abul Fazl could use the information in his own writings about the Emperor Akbar.
The memoir had been lost for several centuries and what has been found is not well preserved, poorly bound with many pages missing. It also appears to be incomplete, with the last chapters missing. There must have been very few copies of the manuscript, and for this reason it did not receive the recognition it deserved.
A battered copy of the manuscript is kept in the British Library. Originally found by an Englishman, Colonel G. W. Hamilton. it was sold to the British Museum by his widow in 1868. Its existence was little known until 1901, when Annette S. Beveridge translated it into English (Beveridge affectionately called her 'Princess Rosebody').
Historian Dr. Rieu called it one of the most remarkable manuscripts in the collection of Colonel Hamilton (who had collected more than 1,000 manuscripts). A paperback edition of Beveridge's English translation was published in India in 2001.
Pradosh Chattopadhyay translated Humayun Nama into Bengali in 2006 and Chirayata Prokashan published the book.
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Gulbadan Begum described in her memoir a pilgrimage she along with Salima Sultan Begum undertook to Mecca, a distance of 3,000 miles, crossing treacherous mountains and hostile deserts. Though they were of royal birth, the women of the harem were hardy and prepared to face hardships, especially since their lives were so intimately intertwined with the men and their fortunes. Gulbadan Begum stayed in Mecca for nearly four years and during her return a shipwreck in Aden kept her from returning to Agra for several months. She finally returned in 1582, seven years after she had set forth on her journey.
Akbar had provided for safe passage of his aunt on her Hajj and sent a noble as escort with several ladies in attendance. Lavish gifts were packed with her entourage that could be used as alms. Her arrival in Mecca caused quite a stir and people from as far as Syria and Asia Minor swarmed to Mecca to get a share of the bounty.
Later life
When she was 70, her name is mentioned with that of Muhammad-yar, a son of her daughter, who left the court in disgrace. She with Hamida, received royal gifts of money and jewels on the occasion of the New Year by Akbar.
Her charities were large, and it is said of her that she added day unto day in the endeavor to please God, and this by succoring the poor and needy.
When she was 80, in February 1603, her departure was heralded by a few days of fever. Hamida was with her to the end and watched her last hours. As she lay with closed eyes, Hamida Banu Begum spoke to her by the long-used name of affection, "Jiu!" (live or May you Live). There was no response. Then, "Gul-badan!" The dying woman opened her eyes, quoted the verse, "I die—may you live!" and died.
Akbar helped to carry her bier some distance, and for her soul's repose made lavish gifts and did good works. He will have joined in the silent prayer for her soul before committal of her body to the earth, and if no son were there, he, as a near kinsman, may have answered the Imam's injunction to resignation: "It is the will of God."
It is said that for the two years after her death, Akbar lamented constantly that he missed his favorite aunt, until he died in 1605.
Gulbadan was also said to have been a poet, fluent in both Persian and Turkish. None of her poems have survived. However, there are references to two verses and a quaseeda written by her by the Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in his collection of verses as well as some references by Mir Taqi Mir.
For much of history, the manuscript of Gulbadan Begum remained in obscurity. There is little mention of it in contemporary literature of other Mughal writers, especially the authors who chronicled Akbar’s rule. Yet, the little-known account of Gulbadan Begum is an important document for historians, with its window into a woman’s perspective from inside the Mughal harem.
In popular culture
Gulbadan Begum is a principal character in Salman Rushdie's novel The Enchantress of Florence (2008).
Gulbadan Begum is portrayed by Shraddha Singh in Jodha Akbar
References
^ Aftab, Tahera (2008). Inscribing South Asian Muslim women : an annotated bibliography & research guide (. ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 8. ISBN 9789004158498.
^ Faruqui, Munis D. (2012). Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 251. ISBN 9781107022171.
^ Ruggles, D. Fairchild (ed.) (2000). Women, patronage, and self-representation in Islamic societies. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 121. ISBN 9780791444696. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
^ Balabanlilar, Lisa (2015). Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia. I.B.Tauris. p. 8. ISBN 9780857732460.
^ Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2000). Women, patronage, and self-representation in Islamic societies. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 121. ISBN 9780791444696.
^ Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture. Reaktion Books. p. 144.
^ Balabanlilar, Lisa (2015). Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia. I.B.Tauris. p. 8. ISBN 9780857732460.
^ The Humayun Namah, by Gulbadan Begam, a study site by Deanna Ramsay
^ "2. The Culture and Politics of Persian in Precolonial Hindustan", Literary Cultures in History, University of California Press, pp. 131–198, 31 December 2019, doi:10.1525/9780520926738-007, ISBN 978-0-520-92673-8, S2CID 226770775, retrieved 11 June 2021
^ Beveridge, Annette Susannah (1898). Life and writings of Gulbadan Begam (Lady Rosebody). Calcutta. Retrieved 14 December 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Begam, Gulbaden (1902). Beveridge, Annette Susannah (ed.). The history of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāma). London: Royal Asiatic Society. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
^ ISBN 81-85696-66-7
^ Rushdie, Salman (2008). Enchantress of Florence, The. London: Random House. ISBN 978-1407016498.
Bibliography
Begum, Gulbadan; (tr. by Annette S. Beveridge) (1902). Humayun-nama :The history of Humayun. Royal Asiatic Society.
Begam Gulbadam; Annette S. Beveridge (1902). The history of Humayun = Humayun-nama. Begam Gulbadam. pp. 249–. GGKEY:NDSD0TGDPA1.
Humayun-Nama : The History of Humayun by Gul-Badan Begam. Translated by Annette S. Beveridge. New Delhi, Goodword, 2001, ISBN 81-87570-99-7.
Rebecca Ruth Gould "How Gulbadan Remembered: The Book of Humāyūn as an Act of Representation," Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 121–127, 2011
Three Memoirs of Homayun. Volume One: Humáyunnáma and Tadhkiratu’l-wáqíát; Volume Two: Táríkh-i Humáyún, translated from the Persian by Wheeler Thackston. Bibliotheca Iranica/Intellectual Traditions Series, Hossein Ziai, Editor-in-Chief. Bilingual Edition, No. 11 (15 March 2009)
External links
Complete text of Humayun Nama
Begum, Gulbadan; (tr. by Annette S. Beveridge) (1902). Humayun-nama :The history of Humayun. Royal Asiatic Society.
Selections from The Humayun Nama by Gulbadan Begam
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İslâm Ansiklopedisi | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mughal princess","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire"},{"link_name":"Babur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babur"},{"link_name":"Mughal Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Humayun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun"},{"link_name":"Akbar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Kamran Mirza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamran_Mirza"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Chagatai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_people"},{"link_name":"Aiman Khwajah Sultan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiman_Khwajah_Sultan"},{"link_name":"Ahmad Alaq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq"},{"link_name":"Turpan Khanate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpan_Khanate"},{"link_name":"Moghulistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistan"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Kabul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul"},{"link_name":"Agra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra"},{"link_name":"Hamida Banu Begum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begum"},{"link_name":"Akbarnama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarnama"},{"link_name":"Abu'l Fazl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%27l_Fazl"},{"link_name":"pilgrimage to Mecca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj"}],"text":"Shahzadi of the Mughal EmpireGulbadan Begum (c. 1523 – 7 February 1603) was a Mughal princess and the daughter of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire.[1]She is best known as the author of Humayun-Nama, the account of the life of her half-brother, Emperor Humayun, which she wrote on the request of her nephew, Emperor Akbar.[2] Gulbadan's recollection of Babur is brief, but she gives a refreshing account of Humayun's household and provides a rare material regarding his confrontation with her half-brother, Kamran Mirza. She records the fratricidal conflict among her brothers with a sense of grief.Gulbadan Begum[3] was about eight years old at the time of her father's death in 1530 and was brought up by her older half-brother, Humayun. She was married to a Chagatai noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of Aiman Khwajah Sultan, son of Khan Ahmad Alaq of the Turpan Khanate in Moghulistan[4] at the age of seventeen.She spent most of her life in Kabul. In 1557, she was invited by her nephew, Akbar, to join the imperial household at Agra. She wielded great influence and respect in the imperial household and was much loved both by Akbar and his mother, Hamida Banu Begum. Gulbadan Begum is mentioned throughout the Akbarnama (lit. 'Book of Akbar') of Abu'l Fazl and much of her biographical details are accessible through the work.Along with several other royal women, Gulbadan Begum undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca and returned home seven years later in 1582. She died in 1603.","title":"Gulbadan Begum"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Classical Persian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Persian"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Gulbadan Begum's name means \"body like a rose flower\" or \"rose body\" in Classical Persian.[5]","title":"Name"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kabul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul"},{"link_name":"Kunduz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunduz"},{"link_name":"Badakhshan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badakhshan"},{"link_name":"Bajaur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajaur"},{"link_name":"Swat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swat_District"},{"link_name":"Kandahar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar"},{"link_name":"padishah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishah"},{"link_name":"House of Timur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Hindal Mirza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindal_Mirza"},{"link_name":"Gulchehra Begum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulchehra_Begum"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Aiman Khwajah Sultan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiman_Khwajah_Sultan"},{"link_name":"Ahmad Alaq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq"},{"link_name":"Turpan Khanate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpan_Khanate"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Humayun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun"},{"link_name":"Sher Shah Suri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri"},{"link_name":"Pashtun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtuns"},{"link_name":"Bihar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar"},{"link_name":"Sur Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Empire"},{"link_name":"Lahore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore"},{"link_name":"Kabul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul"},{"link_name":"Safavid Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_Iran"},{"link_name":"Mughal Harem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Harem"},{"link_name":"Akbar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar"},{"link_name":"Agra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra"}],"text":"When Princess Gulbadan was born in c. 1523 to Dildar Begum. Her father, Babur, had been lord in Kabul for nineteen years; he was also the ruler of Kunduz and Badakhshan, had held Bajaur and Swat since 1519, and Kandahar for a year. During ten of those nineteen years, he had been styled padishah as the head of the House of Timur and for his independent sovereignty.Gulbadan's siblings included her older brother, Hindal Mirza, and two other sisters, Gulrang Begum and Gulchehra Begum, while her younger brother Alwar Mirza, died in his childhood. Among her siblings, Gulbadan was very close to her brother, Hindal Mirza.[6]At the age of seventeen, Gulbadan was married to a Chagatai noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of Aiman Khwajah Sultan, son of Khan Ahmad Alaq of the Turpan Khanate.[7]In 1540, Humayun lost the kingdom that his father Babur had established in India, to Sher Shah Suri, a Pashtun soldier from Bihar, who established the Sur Empire. With only his pregnant wife Hamida Banu Begum, one female attendant, and a few loyal supporters, Humayun fled to Lahore and then Kabul. He was in exile for the next fifteen years in Safavid Iran.Gulbadan Begum went to live in Kabul again. Her life, like all the other women of the Mughal Harem, was intricately intertwined with three Mughal kings – her father Babur, brother Humayun, and nephew Akbar.Two years after Humayun reestablished the empire, Gulbadan accompanied other Mughal women of the harem back to Agra at the behest of Akbar, who had begun his rule after Humayan died in a fall.","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Akbar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar"},{"link_name":"Akbarnama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarnama"},{"link_name":"Abul Fazl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"harem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harem"},{"link_name":"Turkic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Aiman Khwajah Sultan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiman_Khwajah_Sultan"},{"link_name":"pilgrimage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage"},{"link_name":"Mecca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca"},{"link_name":"Shah Jahan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan"},{"link_name":"Jahanara Begum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahanara_Begum"},{"link_name":"Allah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah"},{"link_name":"Hamida Banu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begum"},{"link_name":"Purana Qila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qila"},{"link_name":"Kamran Mirza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamran_Mirza"},{"link_name":"Abul Fazl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak"},{"link_name":"British Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library"},{"link_name":"G. W. Hamilton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._W._Hamilton"},{"link_name":"Annette S. Beveridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annette_Akroyd"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Beveridge-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Beveridge2-11"},{"link_name":"Bengali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Akbar commissioned Gulbadan Begum to chronicle the story of his father, Humayun. He was fond of his aunt and knew of her storytelling skills. It was fashionable for the Mughals to engage writers to document their own reigns (Akbar's own history, Akbarnama, was written by the well-known Persian scholar Abul Fazl). Akbar asked his aunt to write whatever she remembered about her brother's life. Gulbadan Begum took the challenge and produced a document titled Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah Kardom Gulbadan Begum bint Babur Padshah amma Akbar Padshah. It came to be known as Humayun-nama.[8]Gulbadan wrote in simple Persian, without the erudite language used by better-known writers. Her father Babur had written Babur-nama in the same style, and she took his cue and wrote from her memories. Unlike some of her contemporary writers, Gulbadan wrote a factual account of what she remembered, without embellishment. What she produced not only chronicles the trials and tribulations of Humayun's rule, but also gives us a glimpse of life in the Mughal harem. It is the only surviving writing penned by a woman of Mughal royalty in the 16th century.There has been suspicion that Gulbadan wrote the Humayun-Nama in her native language of Turkic rather than Persian, and that the book available today is a translation.[9]Upon being entrusted with the directive by Akbar to write the manuscript, Gulbadan Begum begins thus:There had been an order issued, ‘Write down whatever you know of the doings of Firdous-Makani (Babur) and Jannat-Ashyani (Humayun)’. At this time when his Majesty Firdaus-Makani passed from this perishable world to the everlasting home, I, this lowly one, was eight years old, so it may well be that I do not remember much. However in obedience to the royal command, I set down whatever there is that I have heard and remember.From her account, we know that Gulbadan was married by the age of 17 to her cousin, Khizr Khwaja, a Chagatai prince who was the son of her father's cousin, Aiman Khwajah Sultan. She had at least one son. She had migrated to India in 1528 from Kabul with one of her stepmothers, who was allowed to adopt her as her own on the command of her father, the Emperor. After the defeat of Humayun in 1540, she moved back to Kabul to live with one of her half-brothers. She did not return to Agra immediately after Humayun won back his kingdom. Instead, she stayed behind in Kabul until she was brought back to Agra by Akbar, two years after Humayun died in a tragic accident in 1556. Gulbadan Begum lived in Agra and then in Sikri for a short while, but mostly in Lahore or with the Court for the rest of her life, except for a period of seven years when she undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca. The Mughal Court even up to the early years of Shah Jahan's reign was never a confined thing, but a travelling grand encampment and there is no doubt that Gulbadan Banu Begum, like most Mughal ladies, hated the confines living in buildings and no doubt, wholeheartedly agreed with the verses of Jahanara Begum, the daughter of Shah Jahan, that the rot of the empire would set in when the Mughals confined themselves to closed houses.She appears to have been an educated, pious, and cultured woman of royalty. She was fond of reading and she had enjoyed the confidences of both her brother, Humayun, and nephew, Akbar. From her account it is also apparent that she was an astute observer, well-versed with the intricacies of warfare and the intrigues of royal deal making. The first part of her story deals with Humayun's rule after her father's death and the travails of Humayun after his defeat. She had written little about her father Babur, as she was only aged eight when he died. However, there are anecdotes and stories she had heard about him from her companions in the Mahal (harem) that she included in her account. The latter part also deals with life in the Mughal harem.She recorded one light-hearted incident about Babur. He had minted a large gold coin, as he was fond of doing, after he established his kingdom in India. This heavy gold coin was sent to Kabul, with special instructions to play a practical joke on the court jester Asas, who had stayed behind in Kabul. Asas was to be blindfolded and the coin was to be hung around his neck. Asas was intrigued and worried about the heavy weight around his neck, not knowing what it was. However, when he realised that it was a gold coin, Asas jumped with joy and pranced around the room, repeatedly saying that no one shall ever take it from him.Gulbadan Begum describes her father's death when her brother had fallen ill at the age of 22. She tells that Babur was depressed to see his son seriously ill and dying. For four days he circumambulated the bed of his son repeatedly, praying to Allah, begging to be taken to the eternal world in his son's place. As if by miracle, his prayers were answered. The son recovered and the 47-year-old father died soon after.Soon after his exile, Humayun had seen and fallen in love with a 13-year-old girl named Hamida Banu the niece of Shah Husain Mirza. At first she refused to come to see the Emperor, who was much older than her. Finally she was advised by the other women of the harem to reconsider, and she consented to marry the Emperor. Two years later, in 1542, she bore Humayun a son named Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal rulers. Gulbadan Begum described the details of this incident and the marriage of Humayun and Hamida Banu with glee, and a hint of mischievousness in her manuscript.Gulbadan also recorded the nomadic life style of Mughal women. Her younger days were spent in the typical style of the peripatetic Mughal family, wandering between Kabul, Agra and Lahore. During Humayun's exile the problem was further exaggerated. She had to live in Kabul with one of her step brothers, who later tried to recruit her husband to join him against Humayun. Gulbadan Begum persuaded her husband not to do so. He, however, did so during her nephew's reign and, along with his son, was defeated and was expelled from court and from her presence for the rest of his life. He was not even allowed to be buried next to her. His grave is in one corner of the main quadrangle in which she is buried.If Gulbadan Begum wrote about the death of Humayun, when he tumbled down the steps in Purana Qila in Delhi, it has been lost. The manuscript seems to end abruptly in the year 1552, four years before the death of Humayun. It ends in mid-sentence, describing the blinding of Kamran Mirza. As we know that Gulbadan Begum had received the directive to write the story of Humayun's rule by Akbar, long after the death of Humayun, it is reasonable to believe that the only available manuscript is an incomplete version of her writing. It is also believed that Akbar asked his aunt to write down from her memory so that Abul Fazl could use the information in his own writings about the Emperor Akbar.The memoir had been lost for several centuries and what has been found is not well preserved, poorly bound with many pages missing. It also appears to be incomplete, with the last chapters missing. There must have been very few copies of the manuscript, and for this reason it did not receive the recognition it deserved.A battered copy of the manuscript is kept in the British Library. Originally found by an Englishman, Colonel G. W. Hamilton. it was sold to the British Museum by his widow in 1868. Its existence was little known until 1901, when Annette S. Beveridge translated it into English (Beveridge affectionately called her 'Princess Rosebody').[10][11]Historian Dr. Rieu called it one of the most remarkable manuscripts in the collection of Colonel Hamilton (who had collected more than 1,000 manuscripts). A paperback edition of Beveridge's English translation was published in India in 2001.Pradosh Chattopadhyay translated Humayun Nama into Bengali in 2006 and Chirayata Prokashan published the book.[12]","title":"Writing of the Humayun Nama"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Salima Sultan Begum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salima_Sultan_Begum"},{"link_name":"Aden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden"},{"link_name":"Hajj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj"},{"link_name":"Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Asia Minor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minor"}],"text":"Gulbadan Begum described in her memoir a pilgrimage she along with Salima Sultan Begum undertook to Mecca, a distance of 3,000 miles, crossing treacherous mountains and hostile deserts. Though they were of royal birth, the women of the harem were hardy and prepared to face hardships, especially since their lives were so intimately intertwined with the men and their fortunes. Gulbadan Begum stayed in Mecca for nearly four years and during her return a shipwreck in Aden kept her from returning to Agra for several months. She finally returned in 1582, seven years after she had set forth on her journey.Akbar had provided for safe passage of his aunt on her Hajj and sent a noble as escort with several ladies in attendance. Lavish gifts were packed with her entourage that could be used as alms. Her arrival in Mecca caused quite a stir and people from as far as Syria and Asia Minor swarmed to Mecca to get a share of the bounty.","title":"Pilgrimage to Mecca"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bahadur Shah Zafar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II"},{"link_name":"Mir Taqi Mir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_Taqi_Mir"}],"text":"When she was 70, her name is mentioned with that of Muhammad-yar, a son of her daughter, who left the court in disgrace. She with Hamida, received royal gifts of money and jewels on the occasion of the New Year by Akbar.Her charities were large, and it is said of her that she added day unto day in the endeavor to please God, and this by succoring the poor and needy.When she was 80, in February 1603, her departure was heralded by a few days of fever. Hamida was with her to the end and watched her last hours. As she lay with closed eyes, Hamida Banu Begum spoke to her by the long-used name of affection, \"Jiu!\" (live or May you Live). There was no response. Then, \"Gul-badan!\" The dying woman opened her eyes, quoted the verse, \"I die—may you live!\" and died.Akbar helped to carry her bier some distance, and for her soul's repose made lavish gifts and did good works. He will have joined in the silent prayer for her soul before committal of her body to the earth, and if no son were there, he, as a near kinsman, may have answered the Imam's injunction to resignation: \"It is the will of God.\"It is said that for the two years after her death, Akbar lamented constantly that he missed his favorite aunt, until he died in 1605.Gulbadan was also said to have been a poet, fluent in both Persian and Turkish. None of her poems have survived. However, there are references to two verses and a quaseeda written by her by the Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in his collection of verses as well as some references by Mir Taqi Mir.For much of history, the manuscript of Gulbadan Begum remained in obscurity. There is little mention of it in contemporary literature of other Mughal writers, especially the authors who chronicled Akbar’s rule. Yet, the little-known account of Gulbadan Begum is an important document for historians, with its window into a woman’s perspective from inside the Mughal harem.","title":"Later life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Salman Rushdie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie"},{"link_name":"The Enchantress of Florence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Enchantress_of_Florence"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Jodha Akbar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodha_Akbar"}],"text":"Gulbadan Begum is a principal character in Salman Rushdie's novel The Enchantress of Florence (2008).[13]\nGulbadan Begum is portrayed by Shraddha Singh in Jodha Akbar","title":"In popular culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Humayun-nama :The history of Humayun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/historyofhumayun00gulbrich"},{"link_name":"Royal Asiatic Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society"},{"link_name":"The history of Humayun = Humayun-nama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=N0WSBgAAQBAJ&q=turki+woman+married+to&pg=PA249"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"81-87570-99-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-87570-99-7"},{"link_name":"Rebecca Ruth Gould","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_Ruth_Gould"}],"text":"Begum, Gulbadan; (tr. by Annette S. Beveridge) (1902). Humayun-nama :The history of Humayun. Royal Asiatic Society.\nBegam Gulbadam; Annette S. Beveridge (1902). The history of Humayun = Humayun-nama. Begam Gulbadam. pp. 249–. GGKEY:NDSD0TGDPA1.\nHumayun-Nama : The History of Humayun by Gul-Badan Begam. Translated by Annette S. Beveridge. New Delhi, Goodword, 2001, ISBN 81-87570-99-7.\nRebecca Ruth Gould \"How Gulbadan Remembered: The Book of Humāyūn as an Act of Representation,\" Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 121–127, 2011\nThree Memoirs of Homayun. Volume One: Humáyunnáma and Tadhkiratu’l-wáqíát; Volume Two: Táríkh-i Humáyún, translated from the Persian by Wheeler Thackston. Bibliotheca Iranica/Intellectual Traditions Series, Hossein Ziai, Editor-in-Chief. Bilingual Edition, No. 11 (15 March 2009)","title":"Bibliography"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Aftab, Tahera (2008). Inscribing South Asian Muslim women : an annotated bibliography & research guide ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 8. ISBN 9789004158498.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004158498","url_text":"9789004158498"}]},{"reference":"Faruqui, Munis D. (2012). Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 251. ISBN 9781107022171.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107022171","url_text":"9781107022171"}]},{"reference":"Ruggles, D. Fairchild (ed.) (2000). Women, patronage, and self-representation in Islamic societies. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 121. ISBN 9780791444696.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._Fairchild_Ruggles","url_text":"Ruggles, D. 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Fairchild"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791444696","url_text":"9780791444696"}]},{"reference":"Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture. Reaktion Books. p. 144.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Balabanlilar, Lisa (2015). Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia. I.B.Tauris. p. 8. ISBN 9780857732460.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857732460","url_text":"9780857732460"}]},{"reference":"\"2. The Culture and Politics of Persian in Precolonial Hindustan\", Literary Cultures in History, University of California Press, pp. 131–198, 31 December 2019, doi:10.1525/9780520926738-007, ISBN 978-0-520-92673-8, S2CID 226770775, retrieved 11 June 2021","urls":[{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520926738-007","url_text":"\"2. The Culture and Politics of Persian in Precolonial Hindustan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525%2F9780520926738-007","url_text":"10.1525/9780520926738-007"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92673-8","url_text":"978-0-520-92673-8"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226770775","url_text":"226770775"}]},{"reference":"Beveridge, Annette Susannah (1898). Life and writings of Gulbadan Begam (Lady Rosebody). Calcutta. Retrieved 14 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/lifewritingsofgu00beve","url_text":"Life and writings of Gulbadan Begam (Lady Rosebody)"}]},{"reference":"Begam, Gulbaden (1902). Beveridge, Annette Susannah (ed.). The history of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāma). London: Royal Asiatic Society. Retrieved 14 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/historyhumynhum00bevegoog","url_text":"The history of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāma)"}]},{"reference":"Rushdie, Salman (2008). Enchantress of Florence, The. London: Random House. ISBN 978-1407016498.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1407016498","url_text":"978-1407016498"}]},{"reference":"Begum, Gulbadan; (tr. by Annette S. Beveridge) (1902). Humayun-nama :The history of Humayun. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadwort | Leadwort | [] | Leadwort is a common name for various flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, in particular those in the genera:
Ceratostigma
Plumbago
It can also refer to metallophyte plants capable of tolerating high levels of lead, such as spring sandwort Minuartia verna or alpine pennycress Thlaspi caerulescens.
Index of plants with the same common nameThis page is an index of articles on plant species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name (vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article. | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ceratostigma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratostigma"},{"link_name":"Plumbago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbago"},{"link_name":"Minuartia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuartia"},{"link_name":"Thlaspi caerulescens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thlaspi_caerulescens"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DAB_list_gray.svg"},{"link_name":"common name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_name"},{"link_name":"vernacular","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular"},{"link_name":"internal link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Leadwort"}],"text":"Ceratostigma\nPlumbagoIt can also refer to metallophyte plants capable of tolerating high levels of lead, such as spring sandwort Minuartia verna or alpine pennycress Thlaspi caerulescens.Index of plants with the same common nameThis page is an index of articles on plant species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name (vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article.","title":"Leadwort"}] | [] | null | [] | [] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu_Sikatuna | Datu Sikatuna | ["1 Bool Kingdom","2 Arrival of Legaspi","3 Later life","4 Related Arts","5 Legacy","6 See also","7 References"] | In this Philippine name for indigenous people, this person is addressed by the sole name, Katuna.
Datu Sikatuna (or Catunao) was a Datu or chieftain of the Bool Kingdom (or Kedatuan of Dapitan) in the island of Bohol in the Philippines. He made a blood compact (sanduguan) and alliance with the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi on March 25, 1565 at Hinawanan Bay, barangay Hinawanan, Loay. Their blood compact is the first Treaty of Friendship between Spain and the Philippines. The previous site of the pact was thought to have been at barangay Bool, Tagbilaran City but later a panel of historians concluded that the event actually happened at barangay Hinawanan, Loay, Bohol as ratified through Resolution No. 4, issued by the National Historical Institute in 2005.
Bool Kingdom
The brothers, Datu Pagbuaya and Datu Dailisan, were rulers of the Kedatuan (Kingdom) of Dapitan (Bool Kingdom) before the arrival of the Spaniards. The vast kingdom has control over the present-day Bohol, Siquijor, Tanjay, Northern Mindanao from Zamboanga to Surigao; Southern Leyte, and Eastern Mindanao up to Davao Oriental, with its capital at Tagbilaran Strait. Datu Sigala and Datu Sikatuna were relatives of the two previously mentioned brothers, recorded as minor chiefs. Sigala was older than Sikatuna, who was said to have a higher rank. The auxiliary word "Si" is the nominative prefix for minor chiefs of the Visayas, such as Si Catipan, Si Batumay, Si Maquio, and Si Cabon of Cebu, which is also similar to the Sanskrit Sri honorific also used among other precolonial Philippine rulers, such as Sipad the Older, also known as Sri Pada of Lupah Sug. Sigala was the ruler of Loboc centered in barangay Himilian, while Sikatuna was the chief of Baclayon with his seat of government at barangay Guiwanon.
When the Sultanate of Ternate with the help of the Portuguese attacked Panglao in 1563, the surviving royal family sought refuge in Dapitan. After the battle, Sikatuna was heavily wounded and Sigala took him in Himilian, Loboc to recuperate. Sigala and Sikatuna chose to remain in Bohol and eventually became the caretakers of the kingdom. The destruction of the kingdom was earlier prophesied by a 15th-century babaylan (medium) named Karyapa (or Caryapa), the first known native poet of the pre-Philippines.
Arrival of Legaspi
Main article: Sandugo
On November 21, 1564, El Adelantado Governor-General Miguel López de Legaspi led an expedition and departed from Barra de Navidad, Mexico (formerly Nueva España) in search for spices and the Spice Islands as commissioned by Viceroy Luis de Velasco by the royal order of King Philip II of Spain. With him were Augustinian friars — Fr. Andrés de Urdaneta, also a known navigator served as their spiritual adviser, Fr. Martín de Rada, Fr. Diego de Herrera, Fr. Andrés de Aguirre, Fr. Lorenzo Jimenez de Esteban, and Fr. Pedro de Gamboa. Also included in the expedition were Spaniards — soldiers Martín de Goiti, Alonso de Arellano, Mateo del Saz, Melchor de Legaspi (Legaspi's son), Felipe de Salcedo (Legaspi's grandson), the future Governor-General Guido de Lavezaris (successor of Legaspi), a survivor of the 1521 Magellan's circumnavigation, and more than 200 others. The expedition was composed of the Capitana, which carried on board Legazpi and Urdaneta, the galleons San Pablo and San Pedro, and the ship's tenders San Juan and San Lucas. This was the fifth, the last, and the most successful of all Spanish expeditions after Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, García Jofre de Loaísa in 1525, Sebastian Cabot in 1526, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón in 1527, and Ruy López de Villalobos in 1542 before Spanish colonization of the Philippines.
The expedition reached Guam on January 23, 1565; Samar and Leyte on February 13; Limasawa on March 9; and Camiguin on March 11. On March 14, they attempted reach Butuan, but unfortunately drifted by strong currents to Bohol at night. On March 15 at daybreak, they arrived offshore at Jagna, Bohol and commissioned a light ship, San Juan to go Butuan, while the rest will wait for them in Bohol. While in Bohol, they captured a Bornean native parao (ship), piloted by Tuasanmalea, also a Bornean. The pilot narrated that the natives were already agitated with their arrival since the island was previously ransacked by foreigners, Ternatans and Portuguese two years earlier during the fall of Bool Kingdom. On March 19, 1565, they landed at Hinawanan Bay in Loay, Bohol.
Wary of the possible violent reaction from Boholanos, Legaspi tasked Tuasanmalea to look for the chief of the island as to make a friendly alliance with them, stressing that they aren't those barbaric Portuguese but rather peaceful Spaniards. Tuasanmalea travelled through Loboc river from Hinawanan Bay (now part of Villalimpia, Loay), 2 leagues (about 11 km) away to Himilian (Jimilian), the seat of government of Datu Sigala. However, during that time, Sigala was not in Himilian. Instead, Datu Sikatuna welcomed him and told the pilot to let their commander (Legaspi) come to make a Sandugo with him as to seal their alliance. However, when Tuasanmalea returned, he only brought Santiago de Garnica, the constable-in-charge of water of Capitana. Knowing that Garcina was not their leader, Sikatuna only allowed his son to make a blood compact with the former. Sikatuna then agreed to walk towards the shore to meet Legaspi.
The next morning, Datu Sikatuna, accompanied with about 40 warriors and women arrived at the shoreline of Hinawanan. They were greeted by the Spaniards and eventually requested Sikatuna to board San Pedro and to meet Legaspi.
With several Spaniards remained at the shore, Sikatuna agreed to board the flagship with 4 companions: Sibumanglar (Si Bumanglar), a Boholano, about 30 years old; Ximongoi (Si Mungoy), also a Boholano, 25 years old; Ceilan, a Bornean interpreter, about 35 years old; and Magut, also a Bornean, 25 years old. These Borneans were already in Bohol which either be merely traders or captives. These 4 companions executed 4 affidavits in the presence of Hernado Riquel, Legaspi's chief clerk for administrative matters. The affidavits narrated the detailed events during the attack of the Portuguese and Ternateans in Bool Kingdom in 1563.
Off the coast of Hinawanan Bay, Loay, Bohol and on the flagship San Pedro, the symbolic Pacto de Sangre (Sandugo) between Datu Sikatuna and Governor-General Miguel López de Legaspi was performed, sealing the first treaty of peace and friendship on March 25, 1565.
Another blood compact was performed, this time between Legaspi and Datu Sigala, the chieftain of Loboc on March 28, 1565. This Sandugo was said to be more consequential than the former since it was done in a more traditional manner. The wine used during their blood compact was the native Tubâ (palm toddy) mixed in a Hangot (coconut shell cup) instead of Spanish goblet. Sigala also shared a cantaro (about 4 gallons) of tubâ and a native lechon to the Spaniards, signifying the hospitality and generosity of Filipinos towards foreign cultures.
While still in Bohol, Legaspi sent a frigate to explore the islands of Cebu. However, despite his instruction to return after eight days, the frigate failed to return even after 15 days. Saddened by the situation, Legaspi sought help and immediately requested Sigala and Sikatuna to find the frigate in Cebu. Accompanied with two Spanish soldiers, the two chiefs went to Cebu on board a large armed boat with thirty rowers. Unfortunately, the chiefs reported that the frigate was not there when they returned to Bohol. Later, Legaspi decided to bring the whole fleet to Cebu on April 27, 1565 where they defeated Rajah Tupas, establishing the first Spanish colony in the Philippines, Villa del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús ("Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus") and declaring it as its first capital.
Later life
On November 17, 1595, two Jesuit priests, Fr. Juan de Torres and Fr. Gabriel Sánchez, left Cebu and arrived in Baclayon. The Jesuits then organized a Christian community and Baclayon became a Residencia, the center of the Bohol missions under the supervision of the Diocese of Cebu.
On July 16, 1597, Fr. Sánchez found the ageing Sikatuna in the hinterlands of Baclayon. The chieftain and his wife Albasea were then given the catechism and baptised into the Catholic Church. They received Christian names: Joaquín and Ana, after the parents of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose feast day was on July 16. Icons of Saints Joachim and Anne are still found at the altar of the renovated Baclayon Church. The Jesuits were delighted that were able to convert Sikatuna, whom they found out to be the same chief who made the symbolic blood compact with Spanish conquistador Legaspi.
The Jesuits popularised the conversion of Sikatuna (under the name of Joaquín), which also aided them in the evangelization of the province. Thus, Sikatuna was often mistakenly declared the ruler of Bohol over the higher-ranked Datu Sigala, who never converted to Christianity.
Related Arts
The Blood Compact (Spanish: El Pacto de Sangre) is a painting made as a commemoration of the pact by famous artist Juan Luna in 1886 and is permanently enshrined at the Malacañan Palace. On Luna's painting, it was his future brother-in-law and an Ilustrado, Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, who posed as Legazpi, and national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal posed as Sikatuna. It was both exhibited in Barcelona and the Universal Exposition at Saint Louis in 1904. Another similar painting was made by national artist, Carlos Modesto "Botong" Villaluz Francisco.
The Blood Compact Shrine was made in commemoration of the blood compact locally known as the Sandugo, which is located at barangay Bool, Tagbilaran City. The said monument is a work by the renowned Filipino National Artist for sculpture and Boholano native Napoleon Veloso Abueva.
Legacy
Order of Sikatuna, the highest national order of diplomatic merit of the Philippines awarded by the Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the name and by authority of the President.
BRP Datu Sikatuna (PF-5), one of Philippine Navy's ex-USN Cannon-class destroyer escorts
Sikatuna, a municipality in Bohol named after him.
Sandugo Festival, a yearly festival in Bohol commemorating the blood compact between Datu Sikatuna and conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi.
Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape and National Park, an IUCN Level V protected landscape in Bohol
Sikatuna, a barangay in Talibon, Bohol
Sikatuna, a barangay of the first District in Butuan
Sikatuna, a barangay in the municipality of Isabela, Negros Occidental
Sikatuna Village, a barangay in Quezon City
Sikatuna, a barangay in Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
Rajah Sikatuna Avenue, one of the busiest streets in Dampas District, Tagbilaran City
Sikatuna Street, a street in Cebu City
Sikatuna Street, a street in Agdao, Davao City
Sikatuna Street, a street in Old Albay District, Legazpi City
Sikatuna Street, a street in Sampaloc, Manila
See also
History of the Philippines
References
^ "A Short History of the Bohol (Part I)". Bohol.ph. March 29, 2002. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
^ "Blood Compact Site". Bohol.ph. March 29, 2002. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
^ a b "2005 Board Resolutions". NHCP. July 21, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
^ "History of Tagbilaran". Tagbilaran.gov.ph. June 30, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
^ Jes B. Tirol (October 20, 2019). "Significant battles in Bohol: Battle of the Bo-ol Kingdom". Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
^ Jes B. Tirol (August 31, 2012). "Freemasonry In Bohol and Cebu encountered by Gen. Miguel Lopez De Legazpi" (PDF). The Cabletow. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
^ a b c d e f g Jes B. Tirol (July 19, 2015). "Sikatuna-Legazpi Sandugo: Complementary Informations". Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
^ Antonio de Morga (1609). Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
^ a b c d e Peter Schreurs, MSC (1989). Caraga Antigua 1521-1910: the Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao and East Davao (Thesis). Radboud University and University of San Carlos, Cebu City. p. 61-67.
^ Collecion de documentos ineditos de Ultramar, second edition II. Real Academia de la Historia (Spain), Madrid. 1886. pp. 211–213.
^ Gaspar de San Agustin (1998). Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas, 1565-1615. Translated by Luis Antonio Mañeru. San Agustin Museum.
^ Gregorio F. Zaide (1949). Philippine Political and Cultural History, Volume I. Manila, Philippine Education Co. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
^ a b Isacio R. Rodriguez (1965). A Bibliography on Legazpi and Urdaneta, Philippine Studies vol. 13, no. 2. Philippine Studies, Ateneo de Manila University. pp. 287–329. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
^ a b c Jes B. Tirol (August 2012). The Cabletow Vol. 89, No. 2, Centennial Lectures: Freemasonry In Bohol and Cebu encountered by Gen. Miguel Lopez De Legazpi. pp. 32–45.
^ Jes B. Tirol (March 29, 2015). "The More Meaningful Sigala-Legazpi Blood Compact". Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
^ "History of Baclayon". Bohol-Philippines.com. January 1, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
^ Ambeth Ocampo (October 18, 2013). "Bohol and the blood compact". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
vtePre-colonial Philippine royalty of the Postclassical Era and the early modern periodRoyalty of Luzon
Magayon
Lam-ang
Jayadewa
Kasumuran • Ganashakti • Bisruta • Namwaran • Angkatan • Bukah
Urduja
Tarik Sulayman
Lakans, Datus and Rajahs of Tondo
Jayadewa
Lontok-Kalangitan
Lakandula
Magat Salamat
Agustin de Legazpi
Rajahs of Maynila
Ahmad
Lontok
Salalila
Ache "Matanda"
Rajah Sulayman
Lakans of Namayan
Tagkan
Palaba
Laboy
Kalamayin
Martin
Datus of the Madja-as
Puti
Sumakwel
Bangkaya
Balengkaka
Manduyog
Padojinog
Kabnayag
Lubay
Paiburong
Datus and Rajahs of Cebu
Daya
Sri Lumay
Alho
Ukob
Bantug
Parang
Humabon
Tupas
Katuna
Lapu-Lapu
Zula
Rajahs of Butuan
Kiling
Bata Shaja
Siagu
Kolambu
Sultans of Maguindanao
Kabungsuwan
Maka-alang Saripada
Bangkaya
Dimasangcay Adel
Gugu Sarikula
Buisan
Kudarat
Sultans of Sulu
Sharif ul-Hāshim
Kamal ud-Din
Ala ud-Din
Amir ul-Umara
Muizz ul-Mutawadi-in
Nasir ud-Din I
Muhammad ul-Halim
Batarah Shah Tengah
Muwallil Wasit I
Nasir ud-Din II
Salah ud-Din
Ali Shah
Azim ud-Din I
Bantilan Muizz ud-Din
Azim ud-Din II
Sultans of Buayan
Mamu
Budtul
Malang-sa-Inged
Silongan
Monkay
Baratamay
Maitum
Bangon
Bayao
Utto
Ali
Debatable, legend-based or disputed rulers are in italics.
vteIndia-related topics in Philippines articlesHistory
Maritime Southeast Asia
History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
Golden Tara
Laguna Copperplate Inscription
Indianized kingdom in Philippines and Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
Srivijaya
Majapahit
Kedatuan of Madja-as
Kingdom of Butuan
Maynila (historical entity)
Kingdom of Namayan
Rajahnate of Cebu (Rajah Humabon at Singhapala city)
Rajah Matanda
Rajah Sulayman
Sultanate of Maguindanao
Sultanate of Buayan
Sultanate of Sulu
Tondo (Historical State)
Battle of Manila (1762)
Geography
Indosphere
Greater India
Indian settlement in the Philippines
Cainta historic settlement of Indians
Religion
Religion in pre-colonial Philippines had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Buddhism in the Philippines
Hinduism in Southeast Asia
Aswang (Asura)
Diwata
Hinduism in the Philippines
Philippine mythology
Deities of Philippine mythology
Philippine folk literature
Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple, Iloilo
Politics
India–Philippines relations
Tourism in the Philippines
Visa requirements for Indian citizens
Tourism in India
Visa requirements for Philippine citizens
Filipinos in India
Language
Indianized ancient Filipino script
Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages
Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language
Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language
Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language
Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language
Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka
Economy
Maritime Southeast Asia
Murrah buffalo from Haryana imported to Philippine
from Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India to Philippine Carabao Center in Nueva Ecija
Business process outsourcing to India
Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
Indian Companies
Culture
Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines
Filipino pre-colonial styles and titles
National Assembly of the Philippines Hall has the statue of ancient Hindu saint Manu behind the president's seat
Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music
Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts
Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta
Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana
Pangalay or Daling Daling (fingernail dance of Sulu and Sabah)
Cuisine
PeoplePeople
Indian Filipino
List of Filipino-Indian people
Indian surnames in Philippines
Ethnic groups in the Philippines
Foreign citizens residing in Philippines
Indian people
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian
Dang Cecilio (Binibining Pilipinas 1979)
Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008)
Venus Raj (Binibining Pilipinas 2010)
Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014)
Ramon Bagatsing (Manila mayor)
Raymond Bagatsing (actor)
Cassandra Ponti (actress)
Chanda Romero (actress)
Dawn Zulueta (actress)
Gardo Versoza (actress)
Melanie Marquez (director)
Pepe Diokno
Sharmaine Arnaiz (actress)
Zia Marquez (actress)
José W. Diokno (politician)
Dr. Juan R. Francisco (Indologist)
Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist) | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Philippine name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_name"},{"link_name":"indigenous people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines"},{"link_name":"sole name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononym"},{"link_name":"Datu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu"},{"link_name":"Kedatuan of Dapitan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedatuan_of_Dapitan"},{"link_name":"Bohol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohol"},{"link_name":"Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"link_name":"sanduguan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanduguan"},{"link_name":"Spanish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Miguel López de Legazpi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi"},{"link_name":"Loay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loay,_Bohol"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Bool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bool,_Tagbilaran"},{"link_name":"Tagbilaran City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbilaran_City"},{"link_name":"Loay, Bohol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loay,_Bohol"},{"link_name":"National Historical Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Historical_Institute"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nhcp-3"}],"text":"In this Philippine name for indigenous people, this person is addressed by the sole name, Katuna.Datu Sikatuna (or Catunao) was a Datu or chieftain of the Bool Kingdom (or Kedatuan of Dapitan) in the island of Bohol in the Philippines. He made a blood compact (sanduguan) and alliance with the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi on March 25, 1565 at Hinawanan Bay, barangay Hinawanan, Loay.[1] Their blood compact is the first Treaty of Friendship between Spain and the Philippines.[2] The previous site of the pact was thought to have been at barangay Bool, Tagbilaran City but later a panel of historians concluded that the event actually happened at barangay Hinawanan, Loay, Bohol as ratified through Resolution No. 4, issued by the National Historical Institute in 2005.[3]","title":"Datu Sikatuna"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spaniards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniards"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Bohol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohol"},{"link_name":"Siquijor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siquijor"},{"link_name":"Tanjay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjay"},{"link_name":"Northern Mindanao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mindanao"},{"link_name":"Southern Leyte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Leyte"},{"link_name":"Davao Oriental","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao_Oriental"},{"link_name":"Tagbilaran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbilaran"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Visayas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayas"},{"link_name":"Cebu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu"},{"link_name":"Sanskrit Sri honorific","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shri"},{"link_name":"precolonial Philippine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)"},{"link_name":"Lupah Sug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupah_Sug"},{"link_name":"Loboc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loboc"},{"link_name":"Baclayon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baclayon"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sikatuna-7"},{"link_name":"Sultanate of Ternate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate"},{"link_name":"Portuguese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people"},{"link_name":"Dapitan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapitan"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sikatuna-7"},{"link_name":"babaylan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babaylan"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"The brothers, Datu Pagbuaya and Datu Dailisan, were rulers of the Kedatuan (Kingdom) of Dapitan (Bool Kingdom) before the arrival of the Spaniards.[4] The vast kingdom has control over the present-day Bohol, Siquijor, Tanjay, Northern Mindanao from Zamboanga to Surigao; Southern Leyte, and Eastern Mindanao up to Davao Oriental, with its capital at Tagbilaran Strait.[5] Datu Sigala and Datu Sikatuna were relatives of the two previously mentioned brothers, recorded as minor chiefs. Sigala was older than Sikatuna, who was said to have a higher rank. The auxiliary word \"Si\" is the nominative prefix for minor chiefs of the Visayas, such as Si Catipan, Si Batumay, Si Maquio, and Si Cabon of Cebu, which is also similar to the Sanskrit Sri honorific also used among other precolonial Philippine rulers, such as Sipad the Older, also known as Sri Pada of Lupah Sug. Sigala was the ruler of Loboc centered in barangay Himilian, while Sikatuna was the chief of Baclayon with his seat of government at barangay Guiwanon.[6][7]When the Sultanate of Ternate with the help of the Portuguese attacked Panglao in 1563, the surviving royal family sought refuge in Dapitan. After the battle, Sikatuna was heavily wounded and Sigala took him in Himilian, Loboc to recuperate.[7] Sigala and Sikatuna chose to remain in Bohol and eventually became the caretakers of the kingdom. The destruction of the kingdom was earlier prophesied by a 15th-century babaylan (medium) named Karyapa (or Caryapa), the first known native poet of the pre-Philippines.[8]","title":"Bool Kingdom"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-peter-9"},{"link_name":"El Adelantado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelantado"},{"link_name":"Governor-General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines"},{"link_name":"Barra de Navidad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_de_Navidad"},{"link_name":"Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"},{"link_name":"Spice Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Islands"},{"link_name":"Viceroy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroy"},{"link_name":"Luis de Velasco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Velasco"},{"link_name":"Philip II of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"Augustinian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinians"},{"link_name":"Andrés de Urdaneta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta"},{"link_name":"Martín de Rada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_de_Rada"},{"link_name":"Martín de Goiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Goiti"},{"link_name":"Alonso de Arellano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_de_Arellano"},{"link_name":"Guido de Lavezaris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_de_Lavezaris"},{"link_name":"Magellan's circumnavigation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellan%27s_circumnavigation"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"galleons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleon"},{"link_name":"ship's tenders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship%27s_tender"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand Magellan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan"},{"link_name":"García Jofre de Loaísa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Jofre_de_Loa%C3%ADsa"},{"link_name":"Sebastian Cabot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Cabot_(explorer)"},{"link_name":"Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Saavedra_Cer%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"Ruy López de Villalobos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-zaide-12"},{"link_name":"Guam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-admu-13"},{"link_name":"Samar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samar"},{"link_name":"Leyte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyte"},{"link_name":"Limasawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limasawa"},{"link_name":"Camiguin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camiguin"},{"link_name":"Jagna, Bohol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagna,_Bohol"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mason-14"},{"link_name":"Butuan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butuan"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-peter-9"},{"link_name":"parao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parao"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sikatuna-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-peter-9"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mason-14"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-peter-9"},{"link_name":"Sandugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandugo"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-admu-13"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sikatuna-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-peter-9"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sikatuna-7"},{"link_name":"Loay, Bohol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loay,_Bohol"},{"link_name":"Sandugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandugo"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sikatuna-7"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nhcp-3"},{"link_name":"Tubâ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack#Philippines"},{"link_name":"palm toddy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_toddy"},{"link_name":"coconut shell cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut_shell_cup"},{"link_name":"lechon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lechon"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sigala-15"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mason-14"}],"text":"On November 21, 1564,[9] El Adelantado Governor-General Miguel López de Legaspi led an expedition and departed from Barra de Navidad, Mexico (formerly Nueva España) in search for spices and the Spice Islands as commissioned by Viceroy Luis de Velasco by the royal order of King Philip II of Spain. With him were Augustinian friars — Fr. Andrés de Urdaneta, also a known navigator served as their spiritual adviser, Fr. Martín de Rada, Fr. Diego de Herrera, Fr. Andrés de Aguirre, Fr. Lorenzo Jimenez de Esteban, and Fr. Pedro de Gamboa. Also included in the expedition were Spaniards — soldiers Martín de Goiti, Alonso de Arellano, Mateo del Saz, Melchor de Legaspi (Legaspi's son), Felipe de Salcedo (Legaspi's grandson), the future Governor-General Guido de Lavezaris (successor of Legaspi), a survivor of the 1521 Magellan's circumnavigation, and more than 200 others.[10] The expedition was composed of the Capitana, which carried on board Legazpi and Urdaneta, the galleons San Pablo and San Pedro, and the ship's tenders San Juan and San Lucas.[11] This was the fifth, the last, and the most successful of all Spanish expeditions after Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, García Jofre de Loaísa in 1525, Sebastian Cabot in 1526, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón in 1527, and Ruy López de Villalobos in 1542 before Spanish colonization of the Philippines.[12]The expedition reached Guam on January 23, 1565;[13] Samar and Leyte on February 13; Limasawa on March 9; and Camiguin on March 11. On March 14, they attempted reach Butuan, but unfortunately drifted by strong currents to Bohol at night. On March 15 at daybreak, they arrived offshore at Jagna, Bohol[14] and commissioned a light ship, San Juan to go Butuan, while the rest will wait for them in Bohol.[9] While in Bohol, they captured a Bornean native parao (ship), piloted by Tuasanmalea, also a Bornean.[7] The pilot narrated that the natives were already agitated with their arrival since the island was previously ransacked by foreigners, Ternatans and Portuguese two years earlier during the fall of Bool Kingdom.[9] On March 19, 1565, they landed at Hinawanan Bay in Loay, Bohol.[14]Wary of the possible violent reaction from Boholanos, Legaspi tasked Tuasanmalea to look for the chief of the island as to make a friendly alliance with them, stressing that they aren't those barbaric Portuguese but rather peaceful Spaniards.[9] Tuasanmalea travelled through Loboc river from Hinawanan Bay (now part of Villalimpia, Loay), 2 leagues (about 11 km) away to Himilian (Jimilian), the seat of government of Datu Sigala. However, during that time, Sigala was not in Himilian. Instead, Datu Sikatuna welcomed him and told the pilot to let their commander (Legaspi) come to make a Sandugo with him as to seal their alliance. However, when Tuasanmalea returned, he only brought Santiago de Garnica, the constable-in-charge of water of Capitana.[13] Knowing that Garcina was not their leader, Sikatuna only allowed his son to make a blood compact with the former. Sikatuna then agreed to walk towards the shore to meet Legaspi.[7]The next morning, Datu Sikatuna, accompanied with about 40 warriors and women arrived at the shoreline of Hinawanan. They were greeted by the Spaniards and eventually requested Sikatuna to board San Pedro and to meet Legaspi. \nWith several Spaniards remained at the shore, Sikatuna agreed to board the flagship with 4 companions: Sibumanglar (Si Bumanglar), a Boholano, about 30 years old; Ximongoi (Si Mungoy), also a Boholano, 25 years old; Ceilan, a Bornean interpreter, about 35 years old; and Magut, also a Bornean, 25 years old. These Borneans were already in Bohol which either be merely traders or captives. These 4 companions executed 4 affidavits in the presence of Hernado Riquel,[9] Legaspi's chief clerk for administrative matters. The affidavits narrated the detailed events during the attack of the Portuguese and Ternateans in Bool Kingdom in 1563.[7]Off the coast of Hinawanan Bay, Loay, Bohol and on the flagship San Pedro, the symbolic Pacto de Sangre (Sandugo) between Datu Sikatuna and Governor-General Miguel López de Legaspi was performed, sealing the first treaty of peace and friendship on March 25, 1565.[7][3]Another blood compact was performed, this time between Legaspi and Datu Sigala, the chieftain of Loboc on March 28, 1565. This Sandugo was said to be more consequential than the former since it was done in a more traditional manner. The wine used during their blood compact was the native Tubâ (palm toddy) mixed in a Hangot (coconut shell cup) instead of Spanish goblet. Sigala also shared a cantaro (about 4 gallons) of tubâ and a native lechon to the Spaniards, signifying the hospitality and generosity of Filipinos towards foreign cultures.[15]While still in Bohol, Legaspi sent a frigate to explore the islands of Cebu. However, despite his instruction to return after eight days, the frigate failed to return even after 15 days. Saddened by the situation, Legaspi sought help and immediately requested Sigala and Sikatuna to find the frigate in Cebu. Accompanied with two Spanish soldiers, the two chiefs went to Cebu on board a large armed boat with thirty rowers. Unfortunately, the chiefs reported that the frigate was not there when they returned to Bohol.[14] Later, Legaspi decided to bring the whole fleet to Cebu on April 27, 1565 where they defeated Rajah Tupas, establishing the first Spanish colony in the Philippines, Villa del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús (\"Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus\") and declaring it as its first capital.","title":"Arrival of Legaspi"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jesuit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Cebu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Cebu"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"catechism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechism"},{"link_name":"Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Joaquín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim"},{"link_name":"Ana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Anne"},{"link_name":"Blessed Virgin Mary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Christianity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sikatuna-7"}],"text":"On November 17, 1595, two Jesuit priests, Fr. Juan de Torres and Fr. Gabriel Sánchez, left Cebu and arrived in Baclayon. The Jesuits then organized a Christian community and Baclayon became a Residencia, the center of the Bohol missions under the supervision of the Diocese of Cebu.[16]On July 16, 1597, Fr. Sánchez found the ageing Sikatuna in the hinterlands of Baclayon. The chieftain and his wife Albasea were then given the catechism and baptised into the Catholic Church. They received Christian names: Joaquín and Ana, after the parents of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose feast day was on July 16. Icons of Saints Joachim and Anne are still found at the altar of the renovated Baclayon Church. The Jesuits were delighted that were able to convert Sikatuna, whom they found out to be the same chief who made the symbolic blood compact with Spanish conquistador Legaspi.The Jesuits popularised the conversion of Sikatuna (under the name of Joaquín), which also aided them in the evangelization of the province. Thus, Sikatuna was often mistakenly declared the ruler of Bohol over the higher-ranked Datu Sigala, who never converted to Christianity.[7]","title":"Later life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Blood Compact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blood_Compact"},{"link_name":"Juan Luna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Luna"},{"link_name":"Malacañan Palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1an_Palace"},{"link_name":"Ilustrado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilustrado"},{"link_name":"Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_H._Pardo_de_Tavera"},{"link_name":"Jose Rizal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Rizal"},{"link_name":"Barcelona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona"},{"link_name":"Universal Exposition at Saint Louis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Exposition_at_Saint_Louis"},{"link_name":"Carlos Modesto \"Botong\" Villaluz Francisco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botong_Francisco"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Sandugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandugo"},{"link_name":"Bool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bool,_Tagbilaran"},{"link_name":"Tagbilaran City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbilaran"},{"link_name":"Filipino National Artist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_National_Artist"},{"link_name":"sculpture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture"},{"link_name":"Boholano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boholano_people"},{"link_name":"Napoleon Veloso Abueva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Abueva"}],"text":"The Blood Compact (Spanish: El Pacto de Sangre) is a painting made as a commemoration of the pact by famous artist Juan Luna in 1886 and is permanently enshrined at the Malacañan Palace. On Luna's painting, it was his future brother-in-law and an Ilustrado, Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, who posed as Legazpi, and national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal posed as Sikatuna. It was both exhibited in Barcelona and the Universal Exposition at Saint Louis in 1904. Another similar painting was made by national artist, Carlos Modesto \"Botong\" Villaluz Francisco.[17]The Blood Compact Shrine was made in commemoration of the blood compact locally known as the Sandugo, which is located at barangay Bool, Tagbilaran City. The said monument is a work by the renowned Filipino National Artist for sculpture and Boholano native Napoleon Veloso Abueva.","title":"Related Arts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Order of Sikatuna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Sikatuna"},{"link_name":"Secretary of Foreign Affairs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)"},{"link_name":"President","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines"},{"link_name":"BRP Datu Sikatuna (PF-5)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRP_Datu_Sikatuna_(PF-5)"},{"link_name":"Philippine Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Navy"},{"link_name":"USN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Navy"},{"link_name":"Cannon-class destroyer escorts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon-class_destroyer_escort"},{"link_name":"Sikatuna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikatuna,_Bohol"},{"link_name":"Sandugo Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandugo_Festival"},{"link_name":"Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Sikatuna_Protected_Landscape"},{"link_name":"IUCN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature"},{"link_name":"protected landscape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_landscape"},{"link_name":"Talibon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talibon"},{"link_name":"Butuan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butuan"},{"link_name":"Isabela, Negros Occidental","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela,_Negros_Occidental"},{"link_name":"Quezon City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City"},{"link_name":"Guipos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guipos"},{"link_name":"Zamboanga del Sur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur"},{"link_name":"Tagbilaran City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbilaran_City"},{"link_name":"Cebu City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City"},{"link_name":"Davao City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao_City"},{"link_name":"Legazpi City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legazpi_City"},{"link_name":"Sampaloc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila"},{"link_name":"Manila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila"}],"text":"Order of Sikatuna, the highest national order of diplomatic merit of the Philippines awarded by the Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the name and by authority of the President.\nBRP Datu Sikatuna (PF-5), one of Philippine Navy's ex-USN Cannon-class destroyer escorts\nSikatuna, a municipality in Bohol named after him.\nSandugo Festival, a yearly festival in Bohol commemorating the blood compact between Datu Sikatuna and conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi.\nRajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape and National Park, an IUCN Level V protected landscape in Bohol\nSikatuna, a barangay in Talibon, Bohol\nSikatuna, a barangay of the first District in Butuan\nSikatuna, a barangay in the municipality of Isabela, Negros Occidental\nSikatuna Village, a barangay in Quezon City\nSikatuna, a barangay in Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur\nRajah Sikatuna Avenue, one of the busiest streets in Dampas District, Tagbilaran City\nSikatuna Street, a street in Cebu City\nSikatuna Street, a street in Agdao, Davao City\nSikatuna Street, a street in Old Albay District, Legazpi City\nSikatuna Street, a street in Sampaloc, Manila","title":"Legacy"}] | [] | [{"title":"History of the Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines"}] | [{"reference":"\"A Short History of the Bohol (Part I)\". Bohol.ph. March 29, 2002. Retrieved December 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bohol.ph/article26.html","url_text":"\"A Short History of the Bohol (Part I)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Blood Compact Site\". Bohol.ph. March 29, 2002. Retrieved December 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bohol-philippines.com/blood-compact-site.html","url_text":"\"Blood Compact Site\""}]},{"reference":"\"2005 Board Resolutions\". NHCP. July 21, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://nhcp.gov.ph/about-us/board-resolutions/2005-board-resolutions/","url_text":"\"2005 Board Resolutions\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHCP","url_text":"NHCP"}]},{"reference":"\"History of Tagbilaran\". Tagbilaran.gov.ph. June 30, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://tagbilaran.gov.ph/history/","url_text":"\"History of Tagbilaran\""}]},{"reference":"Jes B. Tirol (October 20, 2019). \"Significant battles in Bohol: Battle of the Bo-ol Kingdom\". Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved December 24, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.boholchronicle.com.ph/2019/10/20/significant-battles-in-bohol-battle-of-the-bo-ol-kingdom/","url_text":"\"Significant battles in Bohol: Battle of the Bo-ol Kingdom\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohol_Chronicle","url_text":"Bohol Chronicle"}]},{"reference":"Jes B. Tirol (August 31, 2012). \"Freemasonry In Bohol and Cebu encountered by Gen. Miguel Lopez De Legazpi\" (PDF). The Cabletow. Retrieved December 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://grandlodge.ph/sites/default/files/cabletow/Cabletow2012-2.pdf","url_text":"\"Freemasonry In Bohol and Cebu encountered by Gen. Miguel Lopez De Legazpi\""}]},{"reference":"Jes B. Tirol (July 19, 2015). \"Sikatuna-Legazpi Sandugo: Complementary Informations\". Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved December 26, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.boholchronicle.com.ph/2015/07/19/sikatuna-legazpi-sandugo-complementary-informations/","url_text":"\"Sikatuna-Legazpi Sandugo: Complementary Informations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohol_Chronicle","url_text":"Bohol Chronicle"}]},{"reference":"Antonio de Morga (1609). Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Peter Schreurs, MSC (1989). Caraga Antigua 1521-1910: the Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao and East Davao (Thesis). Radboud University and University of San Carlos, Cebu City. p. 61-67.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboud_University","url_text":"Radboud University"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_San_Carlos","url_text":"University of San Carlos"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City","url_text":"Cebu City"}]},{"reference":"Collecion de documentos ineditos de Ultramar, second edition II. Real Academia de la Historia (Spain), Madrid. 1886. pp. 211–213.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Gaspar de San Agustin (1998). Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas, 1565-1615. Translated by Luis Antonio Mañeru. San Agustin Museum.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Gregorio F. Zaide (1949). Philippine Political and Cultural History, Volume I. Manila, Philippine Education Co. Retrieved December 30, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_F._Zaide","url_text":"Gregorio F. Zaide"},{"url":"http://www.aenet.org/bohol/boholhis.htm","url_text":"Philippine Political and Cultural History, Volume I"}]},{"reference":"Isacio R. Rodriguez (1965). A Bibliography on Legazpi and Urdaneta, Philippine Studies vol. 13, no. 2. Philippine Studies, Ateneo de Manila University. pp. 287–329. Retrieved June 30, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/2484","url_text":"A Bibliography on Legazpi and Urdaneta, Philippine Studies vol. 13, no. 2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University","url_text":"Ateneo de Manila University"}]},{"reference":"Jes B. Tirol (August 2012). The Cabletow Vol. 89, No. 2, Centennial Lectures: Freemasonry In Bohol and Cebu encountered by Gen. Miguel Lopez De Legazpi. pp. 32–45.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Jes B. Tirol (March 29, 2015). \"The More Meaningful Sigala-Legazpi Blood Compact\". Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved December 31, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.boholchronicle.com.ph/2015/03/29/the-more-meaningful-sigala-legazpi-blood-compact/","url_text":"\"The More Meaningful Sigala-Legazpi Blood Compact\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohol_Chronicle","url_text":"Bohol Chronicle"}]},{"reference":"\"History of Baclayon\". Bohol-Philippines.com. January 1, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bohol-philippines.com/history-of-baclayon.html","url_text":"\"History of Baclayon\""}]},{"reference":"Ambeth Ocampo (October 18, 2013). \"Bohol and the blood compact\". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved December 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://opinion.inquirer.net/63541/bohol-and-the-blood-compact","url_text":"\"Bohol and the blood compact\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer","url_text":"Philippine Daily Inquirer"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.bohol.ph/article26.html","external_links_name":"\"A Short History of the Bohol (Part I)\""},{"Link":"https://www.bohol-philippines.com/blood-compact-site.html","external_links_name":"\"Blood Compact Site\""},{"Link":"https://nhcp.gov.ph/about-us/board-resolutions/2005-board-resolutions/","external_links_name":"\"2005 Board Resolutions\""},{"Link":"https://tagbilaran.gov.ph/history/","external_links_name":"\"History of Tagbilaran\""},{"Link":"https://www.boholchronicle.com.ph/2019/10/20/significant-battles-in-bohol-battle-of-the-bo-ol-kingdom/","external_links_name":"\"Significant battles in Bohol: Battle of the Bo-ol Kingdom\""},{"Link":"https://grandlodge.ph/sites/default/files/cabletow/Cabletow2012-2.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Freemasonry In Bohol and Cebu encountered by Gen. Miguel Lopez De Legazpi\""},{"Link":"https://www.boholchronicle.com.ph/2015/07/19/sikatuna-legazpi-sandugo-complementary-informations/","external_links_name":"\"Sikatuna-Legazpi Sandugo: Complementary Informations\""},{"Link":"http://www.aenet.org/bohol/boholhis.htm","external_links_name":"Philippine Political and Cultural History, Volume I"},{"Link":"http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/2484","external_links_name":"A Bibliography on Legazpi and Urdaneta, Philippine Studies vol. 13, no. 2"},{"Link":"https://www.boholchronicle.com.ph/2015/03/29/the-more-meaningful-sigala-legazpi-blood-compact/","external_links_name":"\"The More Meaningful Sigala-Legazpi Blood Compact\""},{"Link":"https://www.bohol-philippines.com/history-of-baclayon.html","external_links_name":"\"History of Baclayon\""},{"Link":"https://opinion.inquirer.net/63541/bohol-and-the-blood-compact","external_links_name":"\"Bohol and the blood compact\""}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raleigh_Hotel_(Miami_Beach) | Raleigh Hotel (Miami Beach) | ["1 History","2 Design","3 References","4 External links"] | Coordinates: 25°47′37″N 80°07′44″W / 25.79372°N 80.12902°W / 25.79372; -80.12902Raleigh HotelGeneral informationTown or cityMiami Beach, FloridaCountryUnited StatesOpened1940Design and constructionOther designersLawrence Murray Dixon
The Raleigh Hotel in the South Beach section of Miami Beach, Florida is an art deco building designed by L. Murray Dixon. It is located at 1775 Collins Avenue. The hotel was closed in 2017 after damage from Hurricane Irma. In 2019 it was purchased by a group of developers including SHVO and Deutsche Finance America. In March 2022, it was announced that the hotel would be restored and operated by Rosewood Hotels, reopening in 2025 as Rosewood The Raleigh Miami Beach.
History
Raleigh Hotel, 1941
Raleigh Hotel was designed by Lawrence Murray Dixon and opened in 1940. Original construction cost for the property was $225,000. The first ownership change for the hotel came in 1941 when Max Marmerstein purchased a half interest in the amount of $90,000. In 1946, the hotel was purchased for $1 million by a group of investors from Boston, Massachusetts.
In 1979, the hotel became listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Miami Beach Architectural District.
The hotel was purchased by the Brilla Group in 2009 for $30 million. It was sold again in 2012 to David Edelstein and Sam Nazarian for $55 million. It was the purchased by Hilfiger Hospitality in $56.5 million in 2014. In 2015, Hilfiger was approved by the Miami Beach Historic Preservation Board to renovate the hotel. The hotel was closed in 2017 after damage from Hurricane Irma prior to completion of the proposed renovations.
The hotel was again sold in 2019 for $103 million. This time, it was purchased by a partnership of developers which included SHVO and Deutsche Finance America. In March 2022, it was announced that the hotel would be restored and operated by Rosewood Hotels, reopening in 2025 as Rosewood The Raleigh Miami Beach.
Design
Raleigh Hotel pool, 1941
Raleigh Hotel in the middle, 1942
The original design of the hotel included 113 rooms. The entrances were decorated with polished stone and the lobby illuminated with recessed neon. The hotel included a lounge, known as the Raleigh room, as well as a dining room, cocktail lounge, barbershop, beauty parlor, and eight penthouses.
The Raleigh Hotel has an "iconic pool" which was used in several movies. It was featured on the cover of Life in the 1940s and featured in films that include The Birdcage, Bad Boys, and Up Close and Personal.
References
^ Dolven, Taylor (13 February 2019). "A fashion designer just sold a Beach hotel for $103M — almost double what he got it for". Miami Herald. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
^ Clarke, Katherine (12 February 2019). "Fashion Mogul Tommy Hilfiger Sells Miami Beach Hotel He Aimed to Restore". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
^ "Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025".
^ a b Kennedy, Patricia (2000). Miami Beach in Vintage Postcards. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738506449. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
^ a b c "$225,000 Raleight Hotel Under Way On Beach". The Miami News. 7 July 1940. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
^ "Raleigh Hotel Stock Purchased". The Miami News. 2 November 1941. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
^ Leyden, Charles (21 April 1946). "Beach Hotel Sold For $1,000,000". The Miami News. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
^ National Register of Historic Place Inventory-Nomination: Miami Beach Architectural District / Old Miami Beach Historic District. NARA. 1979. 1042 searchable pages of materials from 1979 to 2012. Downloading may be slow. Includes a series of 37 black and white photos, a series of 57 b&w photos from 1978, correspondence, maps, newspaper clippings, additional documentation and a 2012 amendment with 15 color photos from 2010-12.
^ a b Munzenrieder, Kyle (15 April 2015). "Tommy Hilfiger Wins Approval To Renovate Raleigh Hotel Into Private Club". The Miami New Times. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
^ a b Teeple, James (15 April 2015). "Miami Beach's Raleigh Hotel set to begin renovations". The Real Deal. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
^ Benowitz, Shayne (30 January 2018). "Miami Beach Hotels: What's opening, what's coming soon and what is still closed after Irma". Miami Herald. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
^ Papp, Timea-Erika. "Historic Miami Hotel Sells for $103M". Commercial Property Executive. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
^ "Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025".
External links
Rosewood The Raleigh Miami Beach official website
vteMiami Beach, FloridaAreasNorth Beach
Biscayne Point
Isle of Normandy
Mid-Beach
Bayshore
Nautilus
Oceanfront
South Beach
City Center
Flamingo/Lummus
Miami Beach Architectural District
Biscayne Bay islands
Belle Isle
Di Lido Island
Flagler Monument Island
Hibiscus Island
Palm Island
Rivo Alto Island
San Marino Island
Star Island
Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools
Miami Beach Senior High School
Rabbi Alexander S. Gross Hebrew Academy
St. Patrick Catholic School
Florida International University School of Architecture South Beach Campus
Landmarks
Cadillac Hotel & Beach Club
Casa Casuarina
Clinton Hotel Miami Beach
The Creek South Beach
Delano Hotel
Doral Hotel
Eden Roc Miami Beach Hotel
Flamingo Hotel, Miami Beach
Fontainebleau Miami Beach
Miami Beach Convention Center
New World Center
Ocean Spray Hotel
Pride Park, Miami Beach FL
Raleigh Hotel
Ritz Plaza Hotel
Saxony Hotel
South Pointe Park
Surfcomber Hotel
The Tides
25°47′37″N 80°07′44″W / 25.79372°N 80.12902°W / 25.79372; -80.12902 | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"South Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Beach"},{"link_name":"Miami Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Beach"},{"link_name":"Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida"},{"link_name":"art deco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco"},{"link_name":"L. Murray Dixon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Murray_Dixon"},{"link_name":"Collins Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collins_Avenue"},{"link_name":"Hurricane Irma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Irma"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MH-1"},{"link_name":"SHVO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Shvo"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WSJFash-2"},{"link_name":"Rosewood Hotels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosewood_Hotels"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"The Raleigh Hotel in the South Beach section of Miami Beach, Florida is an art deco building designed by L. Murray Dixon. It is located at 1775 Collins Avenue. The hotel was closed in 2017 after damage from Hurricane Irma.[1] In 2019 it was purchased by a group of developers including SHVO and Deutsche Finance America.[2] In March 2022, it was announced that the hotel would be restored and operated by Rosewood Hotels, reopening in 2025 as Rosewood The Raleigh Miami Beach.[3]","title":"Raleigh Hotel (Miami Beach)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raleigh_Hotel,_Collins_Ave.,_Miami_Beach,_Florida._LOC_gsc.5a06570.jpg"},{"link_name":"Lawrence Murray Dixon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Murray_Dixon"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MiamiBeachPostcards-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MiamiNewsBeach-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Boston, Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"contributing building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributing_building"},{"link_name":"Miami Beach Architectural District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Beach_Architectural_District"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nrhpdoc-8"},{"link_name":"David Edelstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Edelstein"},{"link_name":"Sam Nazarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Nazarian"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MNTRenovate-9"},{"link_name":"Hilfiger Hospitality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MNTRenovate-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TRDRennovate-10"},{"link_name":"Hurricane Irma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Irma"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"SHVO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Shvo"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CPE-12"},{"link_name":"Rosewood Hotels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosewood_Hotels"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Raleigh Hotel, 1941Raleigh Hotel was designed by Lawrence Murray Dixon and opened in 1940.[4] Original construction cost for the property was $225,000.[5] The first ownership change for the hotel came in 1941 when Max Marmerstein purchased a half interest in the amount of $90,000.[6] In 1946, the hotel was purchased for $1 million by a group of investors from Boston, Massachusetts.[7]In 1979, the hotel became listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Miami Beach Architectural District.[8]The hotel was purchased by the Brilla Group in 2009 for $30 million. It was sold again in 2012 to David Edelstein and Sam Nazarian for $55 million.[9] It was the purchased by Hilfiger Hospitality in $56.5 million in 2014.[9] In 2015, Hilfiger was approved by the Miami Beach Historic Preservation Board to renovate the hotel.[10] The hotel was closed in 2017 after damage from Hurricane Irma prior to completion of the proposed renovations.[11]The hotel was again sold in 2019 for $103 million. This time, it was purchased by a partnership of developers which included SHVO and Deutsche Finance America.[12] In March 2022, it was announced that the hotel would be restored and operated by Rosewood Hotels, reopening in 2025 as Rosewood The Raleigh Miami Beach.[13]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raleigh_Hotel,_Collins_Ave.,_Miami_Beach,_Florida._LOC_gsc.5a06571.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Miami_Beach_-_Collins_Avenue_Hotels.jpg"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MiamiNewsBeach-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MiamiNewsBeach-5"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TRDRennovate-10"},{"link_name":"Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"The Birdcage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birdcage"},{"link_name":"Bad Boys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Boys_(1995_film)"},{"link_name":"Up Close and Personal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_Close_and_Personal_(film)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MiamiBeachPostcards-4"}],"text":"Raleigh Hotel pool, 1941Raleigh Hotel in the middle, 1942The original design of the hotel included 113 rooms. The entrances were decorated with polished stone and the lobby illuminated with recessed neon.[5] The hotel included a lounge, known as the Raleigh room, as well as a dining room, cocktail lounge, barbershop, beauty parlor, and eight penthouses.[5]The Raleigh Hotel has an \"iconic pool\" which was used in several movies.[10] It was featured on the cover of Life in the 1940s and featured in films that include The Birdcage, Bad Boys, and Up Close and Personal.[4]","title":"Design"}] | [{"image_text":"Raleigh Hotel, 1941","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Raleigh_Hotel%2C_Collins_Ave.%2C_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida._LOC_gsc.5a06570.jpg/220px-Raleigh_Hotel%2C_Collins_Ave.%2C_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida._LOC_gsc.5a06570.jpg"},{"image_text":"Raleigh Hotel pool, 1941","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Raleigh_Hotel%2C_Collins_Ave.%2C_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida._LOC_gsc.5a06571.jpg/220px-Raleigh_Hotel%2C_Collins_Ave.%2C_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida._LOC_gsc.5a06571.jpg"},{"image_text":"Raleigh Hotel in the middle, 1942","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Miami_Beach_-_Collins_Avenue_Hotels.jpg/220px-Miami_Beach_-_Collins_Avenue_Hotels.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"Dolven, Taylor (13 February 2019). \"A fashion designer just sold a Beach hotel for $103M — almost double what he got it for\". Miami Herald. Retrieved 5 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/tourism-cruises/article226234335.html","url_text":"\"A fashion designer just sold a Beach hotel for $103M — almost double what he got it for\""}]},{"reference":"Clarke, Katherine (12 February 2019). \"Fashion Mogul Tommy Hilfiger Sells Miami Beach Hotel He Aimed to Restore\". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/fashion-mogul-tommy-hilfiger-sells-miami-beach-hotel-he-aimed-to-restore-11550016241","url_text":"\"Fashion Mogul Tommy Hilfiger Sells Miami Beach Hotel He Aimed to Restore\""}]},{"reference":"\"Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2022/05/07/miamis-the-raleigh-hotel-to-become-a-rosewood-in-2025/","url_text":"\"Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025\""}]},{"reference":"Kennedy, Patricia (2000). Miami Beach in Vintage Postcards. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738506449. Retrieved 15 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=9aj-9oKIDoAC&dq=%22Raleigh+Hotel%22+miami+beach&pg=PA93","url_text":"Miami Beach in Vintage Postcards"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738506449","url_text":"9780738506449"}]},{"reference":"\"$225,000 Raleight Hotel Under Way On Beach\". The Miami News. 7 July 1940. Retrieved 10 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/298485641/?terms=%22Raleigh%2BHotel%22","url_text":"\"$225,000 Raleight Hotel Under Way On Beach\""}]},{"reference":"\"Raleigh Hotel Stock Purchased\". The Miami News. 2 November 1941. Retrieved 10 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/297489184/?terms=%22Raleigh%2BHotel%22","url_text":"\"Raleigh Hotel Stock Purchased\""}]},{"reference":"Leyden, Charles (21 April 1946). \"Beach Hotel Sold For $1,000,000\". The Miami News. Retrieved 10 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/298532751/?terms=%22Raleigh%2BHotel%22","url_text":"\"Beach Hotel Sold For $1,000,000\""}]},{"reference":"National Register of Historic Place Inventory-Nomination: Miami Beach Architectural District / Old Miami Beach Historic District. NARA. 1979.","urls":[{"url":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77843213","url_text":"National Register of Historic Place Inventory-Nomination: Miami Beach Architectural District / Old Miami Beach Historic District"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NARA","url_text":"NARA"}]},{"reference":"Munzenrieder, Kyle (15 April 2015). \"Tommy Hilfiger Wins Approval To Renovate Raleigh Hotel Into Private Club\". The Miami New Times. Retrieved 25 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/tommy-hilfiger-wins-approval-to-renovate-raleigh-hotel-into-private-club-7571434","url_text":"\"Tommy Hilfiger Wins Approval To Renovate Raleigh Hotel Into Private Club\""}]},{"reference":"Teeple, James (15 April 2015). \"Miami Beach's Raleigh Hotel set to begin renovations\". The Real Deal. Retrieved 25 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://therealdeal.com/miami/2015/04/15/miami-beachs-raleigh-hotel-set-to-begin-renovations/","url_text":"\"Miami Beach's Raleigh Hotel set to begin renovations\""}]},{"reference":"Benowitz, Shayne (30 January 2018). \"Miami Beach Hotels: What's opening, what's coming soon and what is still closed after Irma\". Miami Herald. Retrieved 25 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.miamiherald.com/miami-com/hotels-motels/article225780345.html","url_text":"\"Miami Beach Hotels: What's opening, what's coming soon and what is still closed after Irma\""}]},{"reference":"Papp, Timea-Erika. \"Historic Miami Hotel Sells for $103M\". Commercial Property Executive. Retrieved 25 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cpexecutive.com/post/historic-miami-hotel-sells-for-103m/","url_text":"\"Historic Miami Hotel Sells for $103M\""}]},{"reference":"\"Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2022/05/07/miamis-the-raleigh-hotel-to-become-a-rosewood-in-2025/","url_text":"\"Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Raleigh_Hotel_(Miami_Beach)¶ms=25.79372_N_80.12902_W_type:landmark_region:US-FL","external_links_name":"25°47′37″N 80°07′44″W / 25.79372°N 80.12902°W / 25.79372; -80.12902"},{"Link":"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/tourism-cruises/article226234335.html","external_links_name":"\"A fashion designer just sold a Beach hotel for $103M — almost double what he got it for\""},{"Link":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/fashion-mogul-tommy-hilfiger-sells-miami-beach-hotel-he-aimed-to-restore-11550016241","external_links_name":"\"Fashion Mogul Tommy Hilfiger Sells Miami Beach Hotel He Aimed to Restore\""},{"Link":"https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2022/05/07/miamis-the-raleigh-hotel-to-become-a-rosewood-in-2025/","external_links_name":"\"Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=9aj-9oKIDoAC&dq=%22Raleigh+Hotel%22+miami+beach&pg=PA93","external_links_name":"Miami Beach in Vintage Postcards"},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/298485641/?terms=%22Raleigh%2BHotel%22","external_links_name":"\"$225,000 Raleight Hotel Under Way On Beach\""},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/297489184/?terms=%22Raleigh%2BHotel%22","external_links_name":"\"Raleigh Hotel Stock Purchased\""},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/298532751/?terms=%22Raleigh%2BHotel%22","external_links_name":"\"Beach Hotel Sold For $1,000,000\""},{"Link":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77843213","external_links_name":"National Register of Historic Place Inventory-Nomination: Miami Beach Architectural District / Old Miami Beach Historic District"},{"Link":"https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/tommy-hilfiger-wins-approval-to-renovate-raleigh-hotel-into-private-club-7571434","external_links_name":"\"Tommy Hilfiger Wins Approval To Renovate Raleigh Hotel Into Private Club\""},{"Link":"https://therealdeal.com/miami/2015/04/15/miami-beachs-raleigh-hotel-set-to-begin-renovations/","external_links_name":"\"Miami Beach's Raleigh Hotel set to begin renovations\""},{"Link":"https://www.miamiherald.com/miami-com/hotels-motels/article225780345.html","external_links_name":"\"Miami Beach Hotels: What's opening, what's coming soon and what is still closed after Irma\""},{"Link":"https://www.cpexecutive.com/post/historic-miami-hotel-sells-for-103m/","external_links_name":"\"Historic Miami Hotel Sells for $103M\""},{"Link":"https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2022/05/07/miamis-the-raleigh-hotel-to-become-a-rosewood-in-2025/","external_links_name":"\"Miami's the Raleigh hotel to become a Rosewood in 2025\""},{"Link":"https://www.rosewoodhotels.com/en/the-raleigh-miami","external_links_name":"Rosewood The Raleigh Miami Beach official website"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Raleigh_Hotel_(Miami_Beach)¶ms=25.79372_N_80.12902_W_type:landmark_region:US-FL","external_links_name":"25°47′37″N 80°07′44″W / 25.79372°N 80.12902°W / 25.79372; -80.12902"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11_(1996_film) | Apollo 11 (1996 film) | ["1 Development","2 Plot","3 Cast","4 Release","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"] | American TV series or program
Apollo 11GenreDocudramaWritten byPhil PenningrothDirected byNorberto BarbaStarringCarmen ArgenzianoXander BerkeleyDennis LipscombWilliam MesnikJane KaczmarekMatt FrewerTheme music composerPhil MarshallCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionProducerLulu ZezzaEditorAllan HolzmanRunning time90 minutesOriginal releaseNetworkThe Family ChannelReleaseNovember 17, 1996 (1996-11-17)
Apollo 11 is a television docudrama film which aired on November 17, 1996 on The Family Channel. It was nominated for a Primetime Emmy.
Development
The film was developed in response to the positive reviews of the 1995 film Apollo 13. Executive producer James Manos Jr. thinks the reason no movie was made previously was that, "at first glance it didn't seem as if anything dramatic happened".
They received NASA's permission to record portions of the film in the original Apollo Mission Control Center. Engineers at the complex volunteered to make some of the equipment work like it did in 1969, to add authenticity.
Buzz Aldrin, one of the three Apollo 11 astronauts, contributed to this movie as technical consultant. He was not always on the film set, but he made an effort to keep up with the film's production. He was filmed for a cameo, but the scene was cut. During the scene, he played a clergyman that interacted with Xander Berkeley, who portrayed Aldrin in the film. Neil Armstrong was asked by Aldrin if he was interested in participating in the film's creation, but Armstrong never got back to him.
Plot
Fearful that the Soviets would continue their lead in the Space Race and be the first to put a man on the Moon, NASA felt an enormous pressure to push the Apollo Program forward as quickly as possible, though they knew that pushing too hard could lead to disaster. This film recreates the tensions that were felt not only by the three astronauts, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins, but also by their families and by the teams of technicians training to deal with anything that could go wrong.
Cast
Jeffrey Nordling as commander Neil Armstrong
Xander Berkeley as Apollo Lunar Module pilot Buzz Aldrin. Berkeley was also cast in Apollo 13, which was thought to have aided him in acquiring this role
Jim Metzler as Command module pilot Michael Collins
Jane Kaczmarek as Jan Armstrong
Wendie Malick as Pat Collins
Maureen Mueller as Joan Aldrin
Matt Frewer as Gene Kranz
Jake Lloyd as Mark Armstrong
Release
The film was released on Sunday, November 17, 1996 on The Family Channel at 7 p.m. EST as a part of a FAM Sunday Night Movie Event. Following the movie on the premiere night, Aldrin and others answered questions about spaceflight live in a feature titled From the Moon to Mars.
The film was nominated for a 1997 Primetime Emmy for Sound Mixing for a Drama, Miniseries, or Special.
See also
Apollo 11 in popular culture
References
^ a b c d e f "The Eagle lands again on the moon". The Times and Democrat. Orangeburg, South Carolina. November 17, 1996. p. 33 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b c King, Susan (November 17, 1996). "Moon Over 'Apollo 11'". The Los Angeles Times. p. 433 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b Jones Jr, Ewart (November 15, 1996). "The Family Channel revisits history in "Apollo 11"". Daily World. Opelousas, Louisiana. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b Bobbin, Jay (November 17, 1996). "'Apollo 11' flies on Fam". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida. p. 221 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b Bobbin, Jay (November 17, 1996). "Movie re-creates flight of Apollo 11". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. p. 414 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b c Nicewonger, Kirk (November 16, 1996). "'Apollo 11' explores human side of historic space launch". News Record. North Hills, Pennsylvania. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Richmond, Ray (July 25, 1995). "HBO bests Big 3 in Emmy noms". Variety. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
External links
Apollo 11 at IMDb | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Family Channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_networks_preceding_ABC_Family"},{"link_name":"Primetime Emmy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy"}],"text":"Apollo 11 is a television docudrama film which aired on November 17, 1996 on The Family Channel. It was nominated for a Primetime Emmy.","title":"Apollo 11 (1996 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Apollo 13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lat-2"},{"link_name":"Apollo Mission Control Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Mission_Control_Center"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lat-2"},{"link_name":"Buzz Aldrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin"},{"link_name":"Apollo 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ope-3"},{"link_name":"Xander Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xander_Berkeley"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lat-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pbp-4"},{"link_name":"Neil Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-atl-5"}],"text":"The film was developed in response to the positive reviews of the 1995 film Apollo 13. Executive producer James Manos Jr. thinks the reason no movie was made previously was that, \"at first glance it didn't seem as if anything dramatic happened\".[2]They received NASA's permission to record portions of the film in the original Apollo Mission Control Center. Engineers at the complex volunteered to make some of the equipment work like it did in 1969, to add authenticity.[2]Buzz Aldrin, one of the three Apollo 11 astronauts, contributed to this movie as technical consultant.[3] He was not always on the film set, but he made an effort to keep up with the film's production. He was filmed for a cameo, but the scene was cut. During the scene, he played a clergyman that interacted with Xander Berkeley, who portrayed Aldrin in the film.[2][4] Neil Armstrong was asked by Aldrin if he was interested in participating in the film's creation, but Armstrong never got back to him.[5]","title":"Development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Space Race","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race"},{"link_name":"Moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon"},{"link_name":"NASA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"},{"link_name":"Apollo Program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Program"},{"link_name":"astronauts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut"},{"link_name":"Neil Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"Buzz Aldrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin"},{"link_name":"Michael Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)"}],"text":"Fearful that the Soviets would continue their lead in the Space Race and be the first to put a man on the Moon, NASA felt an enormous pressure to push the Apollo Program forward as quickly as possible, though they knew that pushing too hard could lead to disaster. This film recreates the tensions that were felt not only by the three astronauts, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins, but also by their families and by the teams of technicians training to deal with anything that could go wrong.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jeffrey Nordling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Nordling"},{"link_name":"Neil Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nhp-6"},{"link_name":"Xander Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xander_Berkeley"},{"link_name":"Apollo Lunar Module","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module"},{"link_name":"Buzz Aldrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nhp-6"},{"link_name":"Apollo 13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ope-3"},{"link_name":"Jim Metzler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Metzler"},{"link_name":"Command module","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_module_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Michael Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nhp-6"},{"link_name":"Jane Kaczmarek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Kaczmarek"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ttad-1"},{"link_name":"Wendie Malick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendie_Malick"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ttad-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ttad-1"},{"link_name":"Matt Frewer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Frewer"},{"link_name":"Gene Kranz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Kranz"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ttad-1"},{"link_name":"Jake Lloyd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Lloyd"}],"text":"Jeffrey Nordling as commander Neil Armstrong[6]\nXander Berkeley as Apollo Lunar Module pilot Buzz Aldrin.[6] Berkeley was also cast in Apollo 13, which was thought to have aided him in acquiring this role[3]\nJim Metzler as Command module pilot Michael Collins[6]\nJane Kaczmarek as Jan Armstrong[1]\nWendie Malick as Pat Collins[1]\nMaureen Mueller as Joan Aldrin[1]\nMatt Frewer as Gene Kranz[1]\nJake Lloyd as Mark Armstrong","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ttad-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pbp-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-atl-5"},{"link_name":"Primetime Emmy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"The film was released on Sunday, November 17, 1996 on The Family Channel at 7 p.m. EST as a part of a FAM Sunday Night Movie Event.[1] Following the movie on the premiere night, Aldrin and others answered questions about spaceflight live in a feature titled From the Moon to Mars.[4][5]The film was nominated for a 1997 Primetime Emmy for Sound Mixing for a Drama, Miniseries, or Special.[7]","title":"Release"}] | [] | [{"title":"Apollo 11 in popular culture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11_in_popular_culture"}] | [{"reference":"\"The Eagle lands again on the moon\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Grudge_characters | List of The Grudge characters | ["1 The ghosts","1.1 Kayako Saeki","1.2 Toshio Saeki","1.3 Takeo Saeki","1.4 Mar","2 The Grudge","2.1 Karen Davis","2.2 Doug","2.3 Alex","2.4 Nakagawa","2.5 Igarashi","2.6 Suzuki","2.7 Matthew Williams","2.8 Jennifer Williams","2.9 Emma Williams","2.10 Susan Williams","2.11 Peter Kirk","2.12 Yoko","2.13 Maria Kirk","3 The Grudge 2","3.1 Allison Fleming","3.2 Aubrey Davis","3.3 Vanessa Cassidy","3.4 Miyuki Nazawa","3.5 Eason","3.6 Jake Kimble","3.7 Trish Kimble","3.8 Bill Kimble","3.9 Lacey Kimble","3.10 Nakagawa Kawamata","3.11 Mrs. Davis","3.12 Sally","3.13 Mrs. Dale","3.14 Sotaro","3.15 Michael","3.16 John and Annie Fleming","3.17 Mishima","4 The Grudge 3","4.1 Lisa","4.2 Rose","4.3 Dr. Francine Sullivan","4.4 Naoko Kawamata","4.5 Daisuke","4.6 Max","4.7 Andy","4.8 Gretchen","4.9 Brenda","4.10 Renee","4.11 Ben","4.12 Mr. Praski","5 The Grudge (2020 film)","5.1 Detective Muldoon","5.2 Detective Goodman","5.3 Peter Spencer","5.4 Detective Wilson","5.5 William Matheson","5.6 Faith Matheson","6 References"] | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
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The Grudge film series features a large cast of characters mainly created by screenwriter Stephen Susco and Takashi Shimizu. The film series focuses on people affected by a deadly curse that spreads like a virus and manifests itself in various ways, such as turning people homicidal or people being haunted, ultimately leading to their demise if they come in contact with the curse in any way.
All films in the series feature different protagonists, with the first being Karen Davis played by Sarah Michelle Gellar. The protagonist of the second installment and Karen's younger sister Aubrey was played by Amber Tamblyn, while the protagonist of The Grudge 3, Lisa, was portrayed by Johanna Braddy.
The ghosts
The Ghosts are the only characters that appeared in all three of The Grudge films.
Kayako Saeki
Main article: Kayako Saeki
Kayako Saeki (portrayed by Takako Fuji and Aiko Horiuchi) is the primary antagonist of The Grudge series. In life, she was an ordinary housewife and mother. When she was a child, her mother performed unorthodox exorcisms and passed her clients' curses to Kayako instead of herself. Kayako and her son Toshio were later killed in a fit of rage by her husband Takeo after he found her journal and discovered that she had feelings for an American man named Peter. Becoming an Onryō after her death, she now haunts the house, along with her husband, son, and her son's pet cat, Mar. In place of a voice, she usually makes a throaty, rattling noise.
Toshio Saeki
Main article: Toshio Saeki
Toshio Saeki (portrayed by Yuya Ozeki, Ohga Tanaka and Shimba Tsuchiya) was the son of Kayako and Takeo. After he witnessed the death of his mother at the hands of his father, Takeo drowned Toshio in the bathtub, before killing his pet cat. Toshio's cursed spirit was left to inhabit the house, along with the spirits of his parents and cat. He makes a meowing noise instead of speaking.
Takeo Saeki
Main article: Takeo Saeki
Takeo Saeki (portrayed by Takashi Matsuyama) is the husband of Kayako and the father of Toshio. Takeo finds Kayako's personal diary entries, several of which detail her love obsession with Peter Kirk. As a result, he murders her and Toshio in a fit of jealousy, but Kayako’s spirit retaliates by hanging him using her hair as a noose, and he too returns as a ghost. He was not physically seen in The Grudge 3 except through archive footage.
Mar
Mar is a black cat that belonged to Toshio. Takeo drowned him (though he was originally microwaved to death in Ju-on: The Beginning of The End) along with Toshio. For this reason, his spirit is linked with Toshio's spirit. Mar’s appearance is usually to warn people of their impending doom. He has an extended and high-pitched meow, which occasionally comes out of Toshio's mouth. He was not seen in The Grudge 3 except for in archive footage.
The Grudge
Main article: The Grudge
The Grudge is the first film in the series and a remake of the Japanese film Ju-on: The Grudge. It follows a similar storyline but with a different ending. The film focuses on Karen Davis, and revolves around Karen encountering the curse and trying to end it herself before all people around her die. Karen ends up being the only survivor.
Karen Davis
Gellar received praise for her performance as Karen in The Grudge.
Main article: Karen Davis (The Grudge)
Karen Davis (portrayed by Sarah Michelle Gellar) is the main protagonist in The Grudge. She starts as an American nurse who moves with her boyfriend to Tokyo. After the first nurse, Yoko, does not show up at work, she volunteers to take care of Emma Williams, which causes her to fall victim to the curse. When the curse starts claiming the people around her, she starts investigating the origin of the curse. She decides to head back to the house to keep her boyfriend, Doug, from falling to the grudge, but fails. Karen then tries to stop the curse by burning down the house, but this instead releases the curse. Karen is later placed in a Japanese hospital. She is strapped to a bed and constantly guarded by the police, as she is now paranoid, traumatized, and frantic to stop Kayako. She is visited by her sister Aubrey, who was sent by their mother. Later, a hand grabs her arm, causing Karen to panic. She frees herself and successfully evades the police while being chased by Kayako. When she reaches the roof of the hospital, she backs away to the edge of the roof and Kayako pushes her off, which results in Karen falling to her death. Later, by the end of Grudge 2, just as Aubrey went back to the Saeki residence to confront Kayako, Aubrey spots Karen calling for Doug and follows her only to spot Takeo instead, who kills Aubrey by snapping her neck. Karen is the first one killed in The Grudge 2, and one of two characters other than ghosts to appear in multiple films.
Doug
Doug (portrayed by Jason Behr) is Karen's boyfriend who is studying at University of Tokyo, and works at the local bar to make ends meet. He lives with Karen and share a flat together. When Karen becomes obsessed with discovering what happened at the Saeki house, he grows worried and goes to the house to look for her, and is attacked offscreen. Karen later discovers him in a weakened state and tries to save him but fails when Kayako crawls down the stairs and kills him. Doug is the final one killed in the first film.
Doug is primarily an original character and has no Japanese counterpart in the original film, as Rika didn't have a boyfriend in the original film. However, his role in Karen's story does mirror that of Rika's friend Mariko in the original film, and they both have similar death scenes where they follow their respective protagonist to the Saeki house and are claimed by the curse as a result.
Doug reappears in The Grudge 2 via a photographic cameo.
Alex
Alex (portrayed by Ted Raimi) is Karen’s employer. He asked her to replace the missing Yoko. Later on, he entered the cursed house, where he found Emma Williams dead and Karen in a state of shock, and was the one to call the police. Later, while coming home after work, he spots a pool of blood on the floor and goes downstairs to investigate. After going down a little bit, he spotted a woman, revealed to be a disfigured Yoko without a lower jaw. As he screams in fear, she kills him, and the detectives later find his dead body along with Yoko's.
Alex is the American counterpart of Hirohashi, Rika's employer, from the original film. His death scene however is different from Hirohashi's, and is instead based on Noriko's death scene from Ju-On: The Curse where she is attacked and killed by the jaw-less ghost of Kanna.
He reappears in The Grudge 2 via a photographic cameo.
Nakagawa
Nakagawa (portrayed by Ryo Ishibashi) is a detective employed in Tokyo. He and his men are investigating Yoko’s disappearance, and some of the detectives working for him start to disappear as well. During investigation, he and his men discover a detached bottom jaw (later revealed to belong to Yoko), along with the bodies of several people, but a security video from Susan's office building is what convinces him that the history of the Saeki house is connected to the murders. When he enters the house with two tanks of gasoline, he becomes drawn by the sounds of Toshio being drowned, and goes upstairs to investigate. When he enters the bathroom, he finds a boy there, and attempts to save his life; however, while he does this, Takeo appears behind him, and drowns him like he did his son.
He is the American counterpart of Kenichi Nakagawa from the original film, though his storyline and death scene also mirrors that of Yuji Toyama from the original film as well, a character who also lost his colleagues to the curse and tried to burn the house down as a result. Unlike Toyama or Nakagawa though, his death is actually shown on-screen.
In The Grudge 2, he is briefly seen in a video Eason is watching. In the video, Eason spots a barely visible Kayako forming in the window of the door behind where the detective is sitting.
Igarashi
Igarashi (portrayed by Hiroshi Matsunaga) is a detective and the assistant of Nakagawa. In the film, he visited the Saeki house with Nakagawa and assisted him in the investigation. It is unknown if he got the curse from the Saeki family or if it killed him (it is vaguely confirmed in a deleted scene that he is indeed dead).
He is the American counterpart of Daisuke Igarashi from the original film.
Suzuki
Suzuki (portrayed by Hajime Okayama) is a real estate broker. In the film, he tries to sell the Saeki house to the Williams. When he tries to unblock the bath, the ghost of Toshio grabs his arm. It is unknown if he got the curse from him and it later killed him (though in a deleted scene, he is indeed confirmed dead).
He is the American counterpart of Tatsuya Suzuki, a character from Ju-On: The Curse, who was also a real-estate broker.
Matthew Williams
Matthew Williams (portrayed by William Mapother) is an American businessman who gets a job in Tokyo, Japan. His wife Jennifer dislikes their life in Japan, as she doesn’t speak the language or understand the culture; he assures her that if things don't improve, then they will go back to the United States. One day, when he comes home from work, he finds the house a total mess, and his wife in a weird trance on the bed. He tries to call for help, but is killed by Toshio before he could do anything. He is first possessed by Takeo, and he kicks Susan out of the house before dragging his wife's body up to the attic (in a deleted scene), where Toshio follows him. Later, Detective Nakagawa and his men discover his corpse along with his wife's in the attic.
He is the American counterpart of Katsuya Tokunaga from the original film.
Jennifer Williams
Jennifer Williams (portrayed by Clea DuVall) is the wife of Matthew Williams. She is unhappy in Japan because of her misunderstanding of the culture, inability to speak the language, and her dislike of Emma. Her husband Matthew assures her that they will go back to the US if things don't improve. While Matthew is at work, she is awoken by the sound of a bowl hitting the floor. After admonishing Emma for making the mess, she sees child's footprints going up the stairs, and follows them up to her (Toshio's former) bedroom. She is killed by Toshio, who suffocates her on her bed. Matthew then drags her body upstairs, which is later discovered alone with his by Detective Nakagawa. Their deaths are ruled as a murder suicide.
She is the American counterpart of Kazumi Tokunaga from the original film.
Emma Williams
Emma Williams (portrayed by Grace Zabriskie) is the mother of Matthew and Susan Williams. She is suffering from severe dementia and requires caretakers to watch over her. She is the only one of the Williams aware of the curse being there, but does and says nothing because of her condition. She has a habit of getting up and taking food whenever she pleases, and often leaves a mess behind, one time disturbing Jennifer with some noise she had made. She has only one line in the film before she is killed by the curse - "I just want her to leave me alone!".
She is the American counterpart of Sachie Tokunaga from the original film.
Susan Williams
Strickland was cast for her success in her previous film Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid.
Susan Williams (portrayed by KaDee Strickland) is the sister of Matthew Williams (William Mapother). She is a businesswoman employed in Tokyo. She becomes nervous when she is unable to contact Matthew, and the ghosts of Toshio and Kayako later play around with her, coming to her disturbance. After much running, and one attempt to get help, she resorts to hiding in her apartment under a duvet. She is killed by Kayako, who drags her under the duvet. She is the last of the Williams to die, and does not live in the Saeki house.
She is the American counterpart of Hitomi Tokunaga from the original film.
Peter Kirk
Peter Kirk (portrayed by Bill Pullman) was a lecturer at one of Tokyo's universities and Kayako's infatuation. When he went to the Saeki house, he found out about Kayako's obsession over him, and he found the family dead. The next day, in front of his wife Maria and in the early morning, he commits suicide by jumping off of his balcony. Whether or not he was possessed by the curse is unknown.
He is the American counterpart of Shunsuke Kobayashi, a character from Ju-On: The Curse.
Yoko
Yoko (portrayed by Yōko Maki) is a young Japanese nurse who can speak English and is volunteering at the Care Center; she is Karen's predecessor as Emma Williams caretaker. One day while she is nursing Emma, she spots the pile of garbage on the floor which she follows to the attic door. When she climbs upstairs, she glimpses Kayako who drags her to the attic and kills her. Later, Alex witnesses a woman stumbling about in the Care Centre. He notices straight away that there is something weird going on and he slips on something to discover the woman is dripping blood. Realizing it is Yoko, he asks her what happened, upon which she turns around to reveal her jawless face. Alex is later found dead. It is revealed that what actually killed Alex was Kayako, not Yoko's ghost, because Kayako possessed the corpse of Yoko and returned to claim victims in the Centre.
Yoko is primarily an original character, as Karen's Japanese counterpart Rika did not have a predecessor in the original film (Rika is hired as a replacement for Takashi, the previous social worker who disappeared, though his character is never seen). Her death scene is adapted from two characters in Ju-On: The Curse, as Kayako dragging her into the attic is based on Yuki's death, while her jaw-less ghost appearing and killing Alex is based on Kanna's death scene, where her jaw-less ghost haunts and kills her mother Noriko.
In a deleted scene, the morticians explain that because Yoko's blood had been covering Alex's corpse, it was only plausible that she killed him, even though this would require her to have survived for three days without her jaw.
She reappears in The Grudge 2 via a photographic cameo and as a voice cameo in The Grudge (2020), voiced by an unidentified actress.
Maria Kirk
Maria Kirk (portrayed by Rosa Blasi) is the wife of Peter Kirk. After waking up one morning, she witnesses her husband's suicide. Maria was later questioned by Karen regarding her husband before his death. She was also unaware of Kayako's love/obsession for Peter but is yet untouched by the curse as she has not entered the house herself.
Maria is very loosely based on Manami Kobayashi from Ju-On: The Curse, though unlike Manami, she is not pregnant nor is she murdered by Takeo.
The Grudge 2
Allison Fleming
Arielle's performance was so positive she was nominated for a teen choice award.
Allison Fleming (portrayed by Arielle Kebbel) is a new American schoolgirl from Chicago, Illinois USA who attends Tokyo International School in Tokyo, Japan. Two popular American and Japanese schoolgirls, Vanessa and Miyuki, pretend to be her friends. They take her to the Saeki Family house and lock her in the closet, only to find that the door is stuck when they try to open it. She sees Aubrey's ghost there (which the audience is supposed to think is Kayako), and as a result the curse falls upon her. As the film goes on, she is constantly haunted by the curse, and it begins to take the lives of people around her, including Vanessa and Miyuki. She manages to avoid the curse through her entire stay at Japan, but nearly loses all of her sanity when Jake sees her being helped by her parents in the apartment complex hallway. During her stay in the apartments she is constantly tormented by Kayako, Toshio, Vanessa and Miyuki. She is finally killed by Kayako after a couple of nights at home; the ghost appears in the shadows of her own hood and takes her life right in front of Jake, then proceeds to attack him.
Allison is the cause of the curse gathering in the apartment complex in the first place. It is quite possible that her parents were cursed by her, and her parents later spread the curse to Jake's parents while they were together at a dinner they were talking about going out to. Allison is the final one killed.
In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that Allison's body was never found.
She is the American counterpart of Izumi Toyama from Ju-On: The Grudge.
Aubrey Davis
Amber Tamblyn made her Japanese remake debut in 2002's The Ring as Katie Embry.
Aubrey Davis (portrayed by Amber Tamblyn) is Karen's younger sister and the protagonist of The Grudge 2. She lives in Pasadena, California and is one day called to her Mother's house. Mrs. Davis tells Aubrey what has happened to Karen and Doug before announcing that she will be flying to Tokyo, Japan to bring Karen back. Aubrey is pushed to investigate Karen's death (after Karen is pushed off the roof of the hospital building by Kayako) and at least try to stop Kayako's curse. During her visit to the Saeki House, she mysteriously gets warped back in time to the night of the first murders. There, she is violently killed by Takeo Saeki in exactly the same manner as Kayako was. She turned into a ghost because she died out of extreme sorrow and pain. From that point on, she replaces Kayako until Allison comes face to face with her. Whether she still resides in the house as Kayako's replacement is unknown, though it is strongly implied that her ghost assimilated with Kayako’s and is now part of the curse as well.
Vanessa Cassidy
Vanessa Cassidy (portrayed by Teresa Palmer) is a popular and deceitful American schoolgirl who attends Tokyo International High School with Allison and Miyuki. She and Miyuki attempt to snap a picture of Allison frightened at the old house as a prank. When Allison screams in terror, Vanessa flees panic, followed by Miyuki. At school, she and a group of other girls harass Allison when they heard she had to go and see the school shrink. The curse, however, does not cease to taunt her as it does Miyuki and Allison; she is taken by Kayako after trying to make a call in a phone booth. Later, she and Miyuki appear as ghosts in Principal Dale's office (who is a ghost as well) while Allison is there. Vanessa and Miyuki continue to haunt Allison until her death.
Vanessa is primarily an original character as she has virtually nothing in common with the schoolgirls from the Japanese original film (Chiharu or Miyuki). Her death scene however is directly based on that of Mizuho Tamura from Ju-on: The Curse (2000).
Miyuki Nazawa
Miyuki Nazawa (portrayed by Misako Uno) is a Japanese schoolgirl from Tokyo International High School, and one of Vanessa's best friends. She assists her in playing a mean prank on their classmate Allison Fleming, although she seems to be rather unsure of their visit at the Saeki house. She gets the curse for being in the house, and is the first of the 3 schoolgirls to be killed. When Allison is in Principal Dale's office for around the third time, she sees Miyuki, Vanessa, and her principal as ghosts.
Miyuki is very loosely based on the character of the same name from Ju-On: The Grudge, though unlike her, Miyuki dies in the American remake.
Eason
Eason (portrayed by Edison Chen) is a Hong Kong journalist who is researching the paranormal events created from Kayako's curse. He was the one who rescued Karen from the house's fire, and introduces himself to Aubrey when she goes to the hospital. During her stay in Japan, he asks Aubrey questions about the curse, and also supports her as a friend. After a little while, he discovers that the fire that Karen set to the house didn't eliminate the curse, stating that instead it worsened something. He was killed by Kayako in his dark room, when Kayako emerged from one of the photos. His corpse is later found by Aubrey, which is then possessed by Kayako and nearly kills her.
Jake Kimble
Jake Kimble (portrayed by Matthew Knight) is a young boy who lives in an apartment in Chicago along with Bill, his father, Lacey, his sister, and Trish, his stepmother, who has just moved in. In The Grudge 2, he discovers strange occurrences in his apartment, and grows more and more disturbed by them as the movie goes on. At the end of the film, he finds the corpses of his father and sister, and witnesses his stepmother being drowned by Toshio. When he finds Allison in the hallway, he asks her what she brought to Chicago with her, and she only replies "it followed me here" before being killed by Kayako, who then attacks Jake immediately after.
In The Grudge 3, Jake is hospitalized in an insane asylum. He has become as paranoid and traumatized as both Karen and Allison were after being exposed to the curse for too long. He ends up killed by Kayako at the beginning of the film by being thrown around the room by the invisible Kayako, and the curse is reborn in his apartment. Jake was the only one who survived in The Grudge 2 (presumably; there are some characters where it is unstated what happened to them) and the first killed in The Grudge 3 He and Karen are the only characters (besides the Saeki ghosts) to appear in more than one film.
Trish Kimble
Successful actress Jennifer Beals in The Grudge 2
Trish Kimble (portrayed by Jennifer Beals) is Jake and Lacey's new step mother and Bill's second wife. She is a kind, tender woman to begin with, but she scares Jake, and seems to have a bad relationship with him. When the curse arrives at the apartment complex, the noises in the apartment begin to disturb her, and later she becomes under the influence of Kayako, which prompts her to kill her husband. Later, Jake finds her in a bathtub with a blank look, revealing the curse's presence upon her to him. She is killed by Toshio, who drowns her in the bathtub.
In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that Trish became the primary suspect of the deaths in murder-suicide act.
Trish is the American counterpart of Yoshimi Kitada from Ju-On: The Curse.
Bill Kimble
Bill Kimble (portrayed by Christopher Cousins) is Jake's father. He is a kind, loving family man, but later becomes influenced by Takeo. This begins to show more when he starts to act strangely and not like himself; his influence by the spirit is indicated when he overhears Trish talking on the phone with a man named Nate, and begins to squeeze his keys in his fist to the point where he makes his hand bleed. From that point on, he thinks his wife is having an affair, and scolds her about it the following morning, while she is making him breakfast. When he yells at her for burning his bacon, she (being under Kayako's influence) kills him. Jake later finds his corpse in his parents' bedroom.
He is the American counterpart of Hiroshi Kitada from Ju-On: The Curse.
Lacey Kimble
Lacey Kimble (portrayed by Sarah Roemer) is a young cheerleader and Jake's older sister. She cares a lot about her brother, and spends a night with him when he is awakened and frightened by the banging next door. Jake looks up to her, appearing to see her as the only one who understands what he is dealing with, but she is unaware and unaffected by the curse until the very end. Jake later finds her dead with her head hanging in water in a bathtub, indicating that the curse had murdered her by drowning her.
In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that Lacey was murdered by Trish.
Nakagawa Kawamata
Nakagawa Kawamata (portrayed by Kim Miyori) is an Itako, Kayako and Naoko's mother, Toshio's maternal grandmother and Takeo and Daisuke's mother-in-law. She used her daughter to "eat" the evil spirits she drove from her patients, marking Kayako for the rest of her life. In the film, she explains to Aubrey Davis that it is not her fault the curse was created, but rather because her daughter was foolish and was killed out of Takeo's rage, and that there is no way to stop it. She is then killed by Kayako's vengeful spirit, although it looked as if she died of a heart attack.
Mrs. Davis
Mrs. Davis (portrayed by Joanna Cassidy) is the mother of Karen and Aubrey. She is extremely sick and is never seen out of bed once in the film. Since she cannot go to Japan to search for Karen herself, she sends Aubrey to do the job for her. Mrs. Davis sees Karen as far superior to Aubrey, and often makes rude comments to Aubrey, even during their final conversation together before Aubrey's death. She is one of only a few characters to never encounter the curse, but it is unknown if her illness killed her in the near future. Also, it is unknown if she knows about Aubrey's death. In the alternate ending (unrated version) the curse travels all the way to Pasadena to claim her.
Sally
Sally (portrayed by Jenna Dewan) is Lacey's best friend who resides in one of the next door apartments. She is first seen as a friendly, helpful girl, but later falls under the influence of the curse. Later in the movie, Lacey goes to her apartment to show her how she looks in her cheerleading outfit, only to find her drinking milk from a gallon jug, and then regurgitating it back into the jug with a ghostly look on her face. She is later killed in the same way Jennifer Williams was in the first Grudge film. It is unknown how she encountered the curse.
Mrs. Dale
Mrs. Dale (portrayed by Eve Gordon) is the calm but ghostly principal of Tokyo International High School. Allison is called to her office a couple of times in the film, reluctant to tell her what is wrong & only saying that she wants to go home. The principal tells Allison that what is haunting her isn't real; she claimed to have been in the Saeki house with police, and that it's just an old, abandoned house. However, this quickly proves to be false when two ghosts of Vanessa and Miyuki appear next to her and she becomes a ghost herself, indicating that the curse had already killed her along with the others.
Sotaro
Sotaro (portrayed by Sotaro Nagasawa) is the teacher of Japanese in Tokyo International High School. During his lesson Allison and Miyuki are persecuted by the ghosts of Toshio and Mar. He never encountered the curse himself.
Michael
Michael (portrayed by Shaun Sipos) is Miyuki's caring but rather lustful boyfriend. On the night of Miyuki's death, he brings her to a love hotel. Miyuki finds a condom on the bed while he is showering, indicating that he was clearly planning on having sex with her that night. He is still showering while the curse kills Miyuki, and claims that she just disappeared when he got out. It is unknown if he got the curse from her or if it later killed him.
John and Annie Fleming
John and Annie Fleming (portrayed by Gwen Lorenzetti and Paul Jarrett) are the parents of Allison. When Bill and his family first move in, they are very friendly and welcoming towards them. Later in the film, Jake spots them helping Allison to their apartment; when he says hi to Mr. Fleming, he simply turns around, gives a momentary glance, and keeps walking. Jake later tells Lacey that they were acting "really weird." They do not appear again in the film, and it is unknown if the curse kills them like it did Allison. It is quite possible that the Flemings and the Kimbles did indeed go out for dinner, and the Flemings had gotten the curse from Allison, then spread it to the Kimbles. In the alternate ending, we discovered the Flemings’ house is now-silent, indicating that Mr. and Mrs. Fleming are dead.
In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that John and Annie were killed by Trish.
Mishima
Mishima (portrayed by Zen Kajihara) is a friend of Eason and has a very large interest in folklore. Eason goes to him when he and Aubrey have questions about the curse and Kayako's past history, and he provides them with some information. He himself never went into the house, nor does he have any lines, so it is assumed that he never encountered the curse himself.
The Grudge 3
Lisa
Lisa and her asthmatic sister Rose
Lisa (portrayed by Johanna Braddy) is the main protagonist of The Grudge 3 who lives in the same building as Jake. She is the sister of Max and Rose. She appeared to be living in the apartment for some time, knowing most of the residents such as Jake and Allison Flemming (rarely meeting the latter). At the time of the events of The Grudge 3, she had been intending to leave Chicago for New York with her boyfriend to work as a fashion model so she can win the scholarship money to pay for Rose's medical bills. She becomes rather uncomfortable with Rose saying that a new boy had moved into the building despite not hearing any of it before. She later finds out the 'new boy' is in fact Toshio after running into him on the floor Jake's apartment is on. Lisa is one of the two survivors of the apartment, though she does not know that Rose's body also houses Kayako's spirit.
Rose
Rose (portrayed by Jadie Rose Hobson) is an 8-year-old girl who suffers from asthma attacks. She is Lisa and Max's little sister. At the end, Rose asks Lisa if they will be safe and Lisa assures her that they will be, embracing her. As the camera moves, it is revealed that Lisa is now hugging Kayako, her curse now contained in Rose's body. Rose was the only one to stop the curse throughout the films. She is still alive, despite that Kayako is shown instead of her. It is implied that when she gets older, Kayako will take over her body to get her own body back.
Dr. Francine Sullivan
Despite the film's mixed to negative reception Smith's performance was praised.
Dr. Francine Sullivan (portrayed by Shawnee Smith) is Jake's case worker. Since Jake was put in mental care, Dr. Sullivan attempted to ease him, believing that Jake's stories of Kayako killing his family was merely him hallucinating his stepmother Trish killing them instead (due to the police suspecting Trish to be the murderer). Her assumptions are proved wrong when she is urgently called to Jake's room by a security guard, only to see Jake dead along with every bone in his body broken. Sullivan later investigates Jake's apartment and is the one who tells Lisa about Jake's horrible and abnormal death. She also informs Lisa that the 'new boy' Lisa saw in her apartment is in fact dead after revealing a photo of Toshio in a newspaper, revealing Toshio died years ago. Sullivan later sees unusual visions in the surveillance cameras viewing the hallways of the facility and investigates, only to be chased by Kayako once getting there. She attempts to escape but is killed when the final door she attempts to open does not respond despite yelling out to the cleaner just outside for help. Lisa calls for Sullivan after she is kicked out of her apartment, but learns that she had been killed.
Naoko Kawamata
Naoko (portrayed by Emi Ikehata) is Kayako's younger sister. For Naoko, growing up in their mother's care was "frightening", but for Kayako it was a living nightmare. She knows of the curse and how to end it once and for all. Killed in rage by a possessed Max (in a fashion similar to her sister's death), she is resurrected as a new Onryō. With Kayako's curse now contained inside Rose's body, Naoko's curse has taken its place and now haunts the Chicago apartments.
Daisuke
Daisuke (portrayed by Takatsuna Mukai) is the widowed husband of Naoko. He appeared briefly trying to convince Naoko to stay in Tokyo and fearing for her safety because she was attempting to stop the curse. In the end, he finally agrees to let her move to Chicago. He never encountered the curse himself nor did he visit the Saeki house. It is unknown if he is aware of Naoko's death.
Max
Max (portrayed by Gil McKinney) is the landlord of the Chicago building. It appears Max was the landlord of the apartment for some time and it is presumed he did fairly well in his job before the chaos Kayako, Takeo and Toshio began causing at around the events between the second and the third films. The spirits caused many people in the apartment to either die, go missing or simply move, bringing Max into hard times, not to mention that the flow of new residents was at an all-time low. Max is revealed to be on the brink of being fired and does what he can to keep the building together. He introduces Naoko to the building (having no idea what she came for) though he does not tell her why the apartment itself seems rather empty of residents. Throughout the film, it becomes clear Max is possessed by Takeo, showing signs of extreme anger, resentfulness and other signs of odd behavior and frightening Rose and Lisa. His possession also leads to getting fired after he pushed his boss into a pile of bricks. Max, being possessed, also interrupts the ceremony Naoko attempts to get rid of Takeo, Toshio and Kayako's spirits. He unknowingly kills Naoko in the similar way Takeo killed Kayako and after Takeo's spirit is finally banished, he breaks down in tears after seeing that he was responsible for Naoko's death. He is shortly attacked by Naoko, who has taken the form of a ghost, similar to that of her sister Kayako. Max is the final one killed.
Andy
Andy (portrayed by Beau Mirchoff) is Lisa's boyfriend. He was very unaware of the curse in the apartments and seems to not care about the deaths and disappearances that much. He and Lisa were going to go to New York, but a worried Lisa had to take care of her family, so they stayed. Right after he reassures Lisa everything will be alright, he walks back to his apartment, only to find Toshio's running legs up the stairs. He follows them, and goes into the room. He is then killed by Kayako's ghost. His body is later found by Lisa and Rose and is then possessed by Kayako to kill Lisa.
Gretchen
Marina Sirtis's first horror film appearance
Gretchen (portrayed by Marina Sirtis) is a neighbor of Lisa, Rose, and Max, and a painter. She is often hired as a guardian to Rose when Max or Lisa are busy. Gretchen appears to be friends with Max, and is killed by Kayako in her apartment while she was painting a picture of Rose. Her body was later found by Max and taken away by paramedics. Gretchen's death triggers Max's possession.
Brenda
Brenda (portrayed by Mihaela Nankova) and her mother move out of the Chicago building after Brenda starts seeing the ghosts of Kayako and Toshio. She may have had extra-sensory perception or a feeling of impending doom as evidenced by her reluctance to speak. It's likely that she has post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from her encounters with the ghosts, leaving her mute. She also seems to have lost her appetite, barely touching her mother's Chinese food dinner. She is killed by being dragged into her bathtub, and drowned by Takeo's evil spirit while her mother was unpacking. It is unknown if Brenda's mother is also killed by the curse.
Renee
Renee (portrayed by Laura Giosh) is the mother of the silent Brenda and one of the few tenants left in the apartment. Because the Kimble family deaths frightened Brenda and because Brenda continuously saw Kayako and Toshio, she finally decided to move out of the apartments. She had no ill feelings towards Max, as they were on good terms with her moving out. Renee tries to get Brenda to talk over a Chinese food dinner but she remains unresponsive. She prepares Brenda a bath to help her relax, and while unpacking at her new home she hears a struggle in the bathroom and discovers Brenda has vanished. It is unknown what became of her, but because she had lived in the cursed apartment, it's highly likely that she was later killed.
Ben
Ben (portrayed by Mike Straub) is a security guard and the assistant of Dr. Sullivan. After he sees Kayako kill Jake through the camera, he calls to Dr. Sullivan and both are shocked to see Jake's mangled corpse. Later when Kayako is chasing Dr. Sullivan, Dr. Sullivan begs him to open the door to save her, but he was busy cleaning the floor and did not hear her.
Mr. Praski
Mr. Praski (portrayed by Michael McCoy) is Max's boss. He wanted to give the apartment to a company due to the deaths, disappearances, the leaving tenants, and the loss of money, but he settled to give Max one last chance. After Gretchen's death he views Max as unfit to be landlord and fires him. A possessed Max pushes him into a pile of bricks. Shortly after the incident, Toshio kills him in his car.
The Grudge (2020 film)
Detective Muldoon
Muldoon, still mourning the loss of her husband who died of cancer 3 months prior, had relocated to a new home with her son Burke to hopefully start anew and live closer to her job. She is a rookie cop working for the Police Department.
Muldoon is eventually assigned a new partner in Detective Goodman, and they’re assigned to investigate a case involving the corpse of Lorna Moody, which had been found rotting in a wrecked car in the middle of the forest. Learning that Lorna had last been seen at 44 Reyburn Drive, Muldoon intended to investigate the house, but Goodman refused to accompany her, as he knew about the rumors of the house being cursed and wanted nothing to do with it or the case.
42274F5E-CEFE-425D-9AF6-9CE73731FF72.jpeg
Muldoon confronting a disheveled and catatonic Faith.
Arriving at the address, Muldoon proceeded to knock on the door, but let herself in when she began hearing Faith Matheson moaning and crying inside. She finds Faith, completely catatonic, and William’s rotting corpse. She calls for backup and Faith is hospitalized shortly after. On her way back home from the house, she spots the mysterious apparition of Nina Spencer alongside the road, holding her never-born son. She also sees the ghost of Melinda Landers on the road and nearly loses control of the car trying to avoid hitting her.
As she’s further investigating the case and the history of the house, Muldoon is now being haunted by the ghosts of the Landers family, such as seeing Sam Landers in a dark room and Fiona Landers briefly pushing her head into the sink trying to drown her.
Muldoon’s research leads her to interrogating Detective Wilson, now a patient at a mental hospital, who was the former partner of Goodman who was traumatized after coming into contact with the curse. He tells her that anybody who goes into the house is doomed to die as a victim of the curse. Shortly after she leaves, Wilson then gouges his eyes out so that he can stop seeing the ghosts.
Muldoon then listens to the tapes that Wilson had recorded during his investigation, learning about the background of the curse, which originated in Japan when Takeo Saeki had murdered his wife Kayako Saeki and his son Toshio Saeki. The deaths had created a curse, which had been brought to America with Fiona Landers when she returned to Pennsylvania. Wilson had been in contact with Detective Nakagawa, who told him about the grisly murders and how he believed the curse had taken his colleagues.
Fearing for her son’s life, Muldoon ultimately decides to try and end the curse by dousing the house in gasoline and setting it ablaze, seeing visions of Fiona murdering her family in the process. As she’s about to drop the lighter, Burke seemingly steps inside to confront her. Muldoon quickly realizes it’s not him when he fails to repeat a phrase they use regularly (What do we do when we’re scared? We close our eyes and count to 5). As the illusion fades, revealing that it was Melinda’s ghost the whole time, the house is burned down to the ground, and Muldoon embraces the real Burke outside.
A little while later, Muldoon hugs Burke who is getting ready for school, but another Burke in the background grabs his backpack and says goodbye to his mother as he steps out to catch his bus. The “Burke” she was hugging is revealed to be Melinda’s ghost, and then Muldoon is promptly attacked by Fiona’s ghost, leaving her fate unknown.
Detective Goodman
Status: Alive
Faction: Humanity
Detective Goodman (Demián Bichir)
Peter Spencer
Status: Deceased
Faction: Humanity
Peter Spencer (John Cho)
Detective Wilson
Status: Deceased
Faction: Humanity
Detective Wilson (William Sadler)
William Matheson
Status: Deceased
Faction: Humanity
William Matheson (Frankie Faison)
Faith Matheson
Status: Deceased
Faction: Humanity
Faith Matheson (Lin Shaye)
References
^ "I Like Horror Movies: The Grudge (2004)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-21.
^ ":: rogerebert.com :: reviews". Archived from the original on 2005-02-17.
vteJu-On and The GrudgeJapanese filmsFilm
The Curse
The Curse 2
The Grudge
The Grudge 2
White Ghost
Black Ghost
The Beginning of the End
The Final Curse
Sadako vs. Kayako
Short
Katasumi and 4444444444
American films
The Grudge (2004)
The Grudge 2
The Grudge 3
The Grudge (2019)
Video games
Ju-On: The Grudge
Television
Ju-On: Origins
Characters
Karen Davis
Kayako Saeki
Takeo Saeki
Toshio Saeki
Related
Scary Movie 4
The Ring (franchise)
Sadako Wars: Bixian vs Kayako
Erma
Onryō
Category | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Grudge film series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grudge_(film_series)"},{"link_name":"Stephen Susco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Susco"},{"link_name":"Takashi Shimizu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takashi_Shimizu"},{"link_name":"Sarah Michelle Gellar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar"},{"link_name":"Amber Tamblyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Tamblyn"},{"link_name":"Johanna Braddy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanna_Braddy"}],"text":"The Grudge film series features a large cast of characters mainly created by screenwriter Stephen Susco and Takashi Shimizu. The film series focuses on people affected by a deadly curse that spreads like a virus and manifests itself in various ways, such as turning people homicidal or people being haunted, ultimately leading to their demise if they come in contact with the curse in any way.All films in the series feature different protagonists, with the first being Karen Davis played by Sarah Michelle Gellar. The protagonist of the second installment and Karen's younger sister Aubrey was played by Amber Tamblyn, while the protagonist of The Grudge 3, Lisa, was portrayed by Johanna Braddy.","title":"List of The Grudge characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Grudge films","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grudge_(film_series)"}],"text":"The Ghosts are the only characters that appeared in all three of The Grudge films.","title":"The ghosts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Takako Fuji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takako_Fuji"},{"link_name":"Aiko Horiuchi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiko_Horiuchi"},{"link_name":"Onryō","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onry%C5%8D"},{"link_name":"throaty, rattling noise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_rattle"}],"sub_title":"Kayako Saeki","text":"Kayako Saeki (portrayed by Takako Fuji and Aiko Horiuchi) is the primary antagonist of The Grudge series. In life, she was an ordinary housewife and mother. When she was a child, her mother performed unorthodox exorcisms and passed her clients' curses to Kayako instead of herself. Kayako and her son Toshio were later killed in a fit of rage by her husband Takeo after he found her journal and discovered that she had feelings for an American man named Peter. Becoming an Onryō after her death, she now haunts the house, along with her husband, son, and her son's pet cat, Mar. In place of a voice, she usually makes a throaty, rattling noise.","title":"The ghosts"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Toshio Saeki","text":"Toshio Saeki (portrayed by Yuya Ozeki, Ohga Tanaka and Shimba Tsuchiya) was the son of Kayako and Takeo. After he witnessed the death of his mother at the hands of his father, Takeo drowned Toshio in the bathtub, before killing his pet cat. Toshio's cursed spirit was left to inhabit the house, along with the spirits of his parents and cat. He makes a meowing noise instead of speaking.","title":"The ghosts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Takashi Matsuyama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takashi_Matsuyama_(actor)"},{"link_name":"The Grudge 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grudge_3"}],"sub_title":"Takeo Saeki","text":"Takeo Saeki (portrayed by Takashi Matsuyama) is the husband of Kayako and the father of Toshio. Takeo finds Kayako's personal diary entries, several of which detail her love obsession with Peter Kirk. As a result, he murders her and Toshio in a fit of jealousy, but Kayako’s spirit retaliates by hanging him using her hair as a noose, and he too returns as a ghost. He was not physically seen in The Grudge 3 except through archive footage.","title":"The ghosts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"black cat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cat"},{"link_name":"The Grudge 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grudge_3"}],"sub_title":"Mar","text":"Mar is a black cat that belonged to Toshio. Takeo drowned him (though he was originally microwaved to death in Ju-on: The Beginning of The End) along with Toshio. For this reason, his spirit is linked with Toshio's spirit. Mar’s appearance is usually to warn people of their impending doom. He has an extended and high-pitched meow, which occasionally comes out of Toshio's mouth. He was not seen in The Grudge 3 except for in archive footage.","title":"The ghosts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ju-on: The Grudge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju-on:_The_Grudge"}],"text":"The Grudge is the first film in the series and a remake of the Japanese film Ju-on: The Grudge. It follows a similar storyline but with a different ending. The film focuses on Karen Davis, and revolves around Karen encountering the curse and trying to end it herself before all people around her die. Karen ends up being the only survivor.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sarah_Michelle_Gellar_Comic-Con,_2011.jpg"},{"link_name":"Sarah Michelle Gellar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"sub_title":"Karen Davis","text":"Gellar received praise for her performance as Karen in The Grudge.Karen Davis (portrayed by Sarah Michelle Gellar) is the main protagonist in The Grudge. She starts as an American nurse who moves with her boyfriend to Tokyo. After the first nurse, Yoko, does not show up at work, she volunteers to take care of Emma Williams, which causes her to fall victim to the curse. When the curse starts claiming the people around her, she starts investigating the origin of the curse. She decides to head back to the house to keep her boyfriend, Doug, from falling to the grudge, but fails. Karen then tries to stop the curse by burning down the house, but this instead releases the curse. Karen is later placed in a Japanese hospital. She is strapped to a bed and constantly guarded by the police, as she is now paranoid, traumatized, and frantic to stop Kayako. She is visited by her sister Aubrey, who was sent by their mother. Later, a hand grabs her arm, causing Karen to panic. She frees herself and successfully evades the police while being chased by Kayako. When she reaches the roof of the hospital, she backs away to the edge of the roof and Kayako pushes her off, which results in Karen falling to her death. Later, by the end of Grudge 2, just as Aubrey went back to the Saeki residence to confront Kayako, Aubrey spots Karen calling for Doug and follows her only to spot Takeo instead, who kills Aubrey by snapping her neck. Karen is the first one killed in The Grudge 2, and one of two characters other than ghosts to appear in multiple films.[1][2]","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jason Behr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Behr"},{"link_name":"University of Tokyo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyo"}],"sub_title":"Doug","text":"Doug (portrayed by Jason Behr) is Karen's boyfriend who is studying at University of Tokyo, and works at the local bar to make ends meet. He lives with Karen and share a flat together. When Karen becomes obsessed with discovering what happened at the Saeki house, he grows worried and goes to the house to look for her, and is attacked offscreen. Karen later discovers him in a weakened state and tries to save him but fails when Kayako crawls down the stairs and kills him. Doug is the final one killed in the first film.Doug is primarily an original character and has no Japanese counterpart in the original film, as Rika didn't have a boyfriend in the original film. However, his role in Karen's story does mirror that of Rika's friend Mariko in the original film, and they both have similar death scenes where they follow their respective protagonist to the Saeki house and are claimed by the curse as a result.Doug reappears in The Grudge 2 via a photographic cameo.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ted Raimi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Raimi"}],"sub_title":"Alex","text":"Alex (portrayed by Ted Raimi) is Karen’s employer. He asked her to replace the missing Yoko. Later on, he entered the cursed house, where he found Emma Williams dead and Karen in a state of shock, and was the one to call the police. Later, while coming home after work, he spots a pool of blood on the floor and goes downstairs to investigate. After going down a little bit, he spotted a woman, revealed to be a disfigured Yoko without a lower jaw. As he screams in fear, she kills him, and the detectives later find his dead body along with Yoko's.Alex is the American counterpart of Hirohashi, Rika's employer, from the original film. His death scene however is different from Hirohashi's, and is instead based on Noriko's death scene from Ju-On: The Curse where she is attacked and killed by the jaw-less ghost of Kanna.He reappears in The Grudge 2 via a photographic cameo.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ryo Ishibashi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryo_Ishibashi"}],"sub_title":"Nakagawa","text":"Nakagawa (portrayed by Ryo Ishibashi) is a detective employed in Tokyo. He and his men are investigating Yoko’s disappearance, and some of the detectives working for him start to disappear as well. During investigation, he and his men discover a detached bottom jaw (later revealed to belong to Yoko), along with the bodies of several people, but a security video from Susan's office building is what convinces him that the history of the Saeki house is connected to the murders. When he enters the house with two tanks of gasoline, he becomes drawn by the sounds of Toshio being drowned, and goes upstairs to investigate. When he enters the bathroom, he finds a boy there, and attempts to save his life; however, while he does this, Takeo appears behind him, and drowns him like he did his son.He is the American counterpart of Kenichi Nakagawa from the original film, though his storyline and death scene also mirrors that of Yuji Toyama from the original film as well, a character who also lost his colleagues to the curse and tried to burn the house down as a result. Unlike Toyama or Nakagawa though, his death is actually shown on-screen.In The Grudge 2, he is briefly seen in a video Eason is watching. In the video, Eason spots a barely visible Kayako forming in the window of the door behind where the detective is sitting.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Igarashi","text":"Igarashi (portrayed by Hiroshi Matsunaga) is a detective and the assistant of Nakagawa. In the film, he visited the Saeki house with Nakagawa and assisted him in the investigation. It is unknown if he got the curse from the Saeki family or if it killed him (it is vaguely confirmed in a deleted scene that he is indeed dead).He is the American counterpart of Daisuke Igarashi from the original film.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Suzuki","text":"Suzuki (portrayed by Hajime Okayama) is a real estate broker. In the film, he tries to sell the Saeki house to the Williams. When he tries to unblock the bath, the ghost of Toshio grabs his arm. It is unknown if he got the curse from him and it later killed him (though in a deleted scene, he is indeed confirmed dead).He is the American counterpart of Tatsuya Suzuki, a character from Ju-On: The Curse, who was also a real-estate broker.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Mapother","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mapother"}],"sub_title":"Matthew Williams","text":"Matthew Williams (portrayed by William Mapother) is an American businessman who gets a job in Tokyo, Japan. His wife Jennifer dislikes their life in Japan, as she doesn’t speak the language or understand the culture; he assures her that if things don't improve, then they will go back to the United States. One day, when he comes home from work, he finds the house a total mess, and his wife in a weird trance on the bed. He tries to call for help, but is killed by Toshio before he could do anything. He is first possessed by Takeo, and he kicks Susan out of the house before dragging his wife's body up to the attic (in a deleted scene), where Toshio follows him. Later, Detective Nakagawa and his men discover his corpse along with his wife's in the attic.He is the American counterpart of Katsuya Tokunaga from the original film.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Clea DuVall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clea_DuVall"}],"sub_title":"Jennifer Williams","text":"Jennifer Williams (portrayed by Clea DuVall) is the wife of Matthew Williams. She is unhappy in Japan because of her misunderstanding of the culture, inability to speak the language, and her dislike of Emma. Her husband Matthew assures her that they will go back to the US if things don't improve. While Matthew is at work, she is awoken by the sound of a bowl hitting the floor. After admonishing Emma for making the mess, she sees child's footprints going up the stairs, and follows them up to her (Toshio's former) bedroom. She is killed by Toshio, who suffocates her on her bed. Matthew then drags her body upstairs, which is later discovered alone with his by Detective Nakagawa. Their deaths are ruled as a murder suicide.She is the American counterpart of Kazumi Tokunaga from the original film.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grace Zabriskie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Zabriskie"},{"link_name":"dementia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia"}],"sub_title":"Emma Williams","text":"Emma Williams (portrayed by Grace Zabriskie) is the mother of Matthew and Susan Williams. She is suffering from severe dementia and requires caretakers to watch over her. She is the only one of the Williams aware of the curse being there, but does and says nothing because of her condition. She has a habit of getting up and taking food whenever she pleases, and often leaves a mess behind, one time disturbing Jennifer with some noise she had made. She has only one line in the film before she is killed by the curse - \"I just want her to leave me alone!\".She is the American counterpart of Sachie Tokunaga from the original film.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KaDee_Strickland_in_Brentwood_Magazine_April_2005.jpg"},{"link_name":"Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacondas:_The_Hunt_for_the_Blood_Orchid"},{"link_name":"KaDee Strickland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KaDee_Strickland"},{"link_name":"William Mapother","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mapother"}],"sub_title":"Susan Williams","text":"Strickland was cast for her success in her previous film Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid.Susan Williams (portrayed by KaDee Strickland) is the sister of Matthew Williams (William Mapother). She is a businesswoman employed in Tokyo. She becomes nervous when she is unable to contact Matthew, and the ghosts of Toshio and Kayako later play around with her, coming to her disturbance. After much running, and one attempt to get help, she resorts to hiding in her apartment under a duvet. She is killed by Kayako, who drags her under the duvet. She is the last of the Williams to die, and does not live in the Saeki house.She is the American counterpart of Hitomi Tokunaga from the original film.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bill Pullman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Pullman"},{"link_name":"lecturer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecturer"}],"sub_title":"Peter Kirk","text":"Peter Kirk (portrayed by Bill Pullman) was a lecturer at one of Tokyo's universities and Kayako's infatuation. When he went to the Saeki house, he found out about Kayako's obsession over him, and he found the family dead. The next day, in front of his wife Maria and in the early morning, he commits suicide by jumping off of his balcony. Whether or not he was possessed by the curse is unknown.He is the American counterpart of Shunsuke Kobayashi, a character from Ju-On: The Curse.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yōko Maki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Dko_Maki_(actress)"},{"link_name":"The Grudge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grudge_(2020_film)"}],"sub_title":"Yoko","text":"Yoko (portrayed by Yōko Maki) is a young Japanese nurse who can speak English and is volunteering at the Care Center; she is Karen's predecessor as Emma Williams caretaker. One day while she is nursing Emma, she spots the pile of garbage on the floor which she follows to the attic door. When she climbs upstairs, she glimpses Kayako who drags her to the attic and kills her. Later, Alex witnesses a woman stumbling about in the Care Centre. He notices straight away that there is something weird going on and he slips on something to discover the woman is dripping blood. Realizing it is Yoko, he asks her what happened, upon which she turns around to reveal her jawless face. Alex is later found dead. It is revealed that what actually killed Alex was Kayako, not Yoko's ghost, because Kayako possessed the corpse of Yoko and returned to claim victims in the Centre.Yoko is primarily an original character, as Karen's Japanese counterpart Rika did not have a predecessor in the original film (Rika is hired as a replacement for Takashi, the previous social worker who disappeared, though his character is never seen). Her death scene is adapted from two characters in Ju-On: The Curse, as Kayako dragging her into the attic is based on Yuki's death, while her jaw-less ghost appearing and killing Alex is based on Kanna's death scene, where her jaw-less ghost haunts and kills her mother Noriko.In a deleted scene, the morticians explain that because Yoko's blood had been covering Alex's corpse, it was only plausible that she killed him, even though this would require her to have survived for three days without her jaw.She reappears in The Grudge 2 via a photographic cameo and as a voice cameo in The Grudge (2020), voiced by an unidentified actress.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rosa Blasi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Blasi"}],"sub_title":"Maria Kirk","text":"Maria Kirk (portrayed by Rosa Blasi) is the wife of Peter Kirk. After waking up one morning, she witnesses her husband's suicide. Maria was later questioned by Karen regarding her husband before his death. She was also unaware of Kayako's love/obsession for Peter but is yet untouched by the curse as she has not entered the house herself.Maria is very loosely based on Manami Kobayashi from Ju-On: The Curse, though unlike Manami, she is not pregnant nor is she murdered by Takeo.","title":"The Grudge"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arielle_Kebbel_2012_Shankbone.JPG"},{"link_name":"Arielle Kebbel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arielle_Kebbel"},{"link_name":"Tokyo International School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_International_School"},{"link_name":"Ju-On: The Grudge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju-On:_The_Grudge"}],"sub_title":"Allison Fleming","text":"Arielle's performance was so positive she was nominated for a teen choice award.Allison Fleming (portrayed by Arielle Kebbel) is a new American schoolgirl from Chicago, Illinois USA who attends Tokyo International School in Tokyo, Japan. Two popular American and Japanese schoolgirls, Vanessa and Miyuki, pretend to be her friends. They take her to the Saeki Family house and lock her in the closet, only to find that the door is stuck when they try to open it. She sees Aubrey's ghost there (which the audience is supposed to think is Kayako), and as a result the curse falls upon her. As the film goes on, she is constantly haunted by the curse, and it begins to take the lives of people around her, including Vanessa and Miyuki. She manages to avoid the curse through her entire stay at Japan, but nearly loses all of her sanity when Jake sees her being helped by her parents in the apartment complex hallway. During her stay in the apartments she is constantly tormented by Kayako, Toshio, Vanessa and Miyuki. She is finally killed by Kayako after a couple of nights at home; the ghost appears in the shadows of her own hood and takes her life right in front of Jake, then proceeds to attack him.Allison is the cause of the curse gathering in the apartment complex in the first place. It is quite possible that her parents were cursed by her, and her parents later spread the curse to Jake's parents while they were together at a dinner they were talking about going out to. Allison is the final one killed.In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that Allison's body was never found.She is the American counterpart of Izumi Toyama from Ju-On: The Grudge.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MMVA2007_Amber_Tamblyn_3A2V0167.jpg"},{"link_name":"The Ring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ring_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Amber Tamblyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Tamblyn"},{"link_name":"Takeo Saeki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeo_Saeki"}],"sub_title":"Aubrey Davis","text":"Amber Tamblyn made her Japanese remake debut in 2002's The Ring as Katie Embry.Aubrey Davis (portrayed by Amber Tamblyn) is Karen's younger sister and the protagonist of The Grudge 2. She lives in Pasadena, California and is one day called to her Mother's house. Mrs. Davis tells Aubrey what has happened to Karen and Doug before announcing that she will be flying to Tokyo, Japan to bring Karen back. Aubrey is pushed to investigate Karen's death (after Karen is pushed off the roof of the hospital building by Kayako) and at least try to stop Kayako's curse. During her visit to the Saeki House, she mysteriously gets warped back in time to the night of the first murders. There, she is violently killed by Takeo Saeki in exactly the same manner as Kayako was. She turned into a ghost because she died out of extreme sorrow and pain. From that point on, she replaces Kayako until Allison comes face to face with her. Whether she still resides in the house as Kayako's replacement is unknown, though it is strongly implied that her ghost assimilated with Kayako’s and is now part of the curse as well.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Teresa Palmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_Palmer"},{"link_name":"Ju-on: The Curse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju-on:_The_Curse"}],"sub_title":"Vanessa Cassidy","text":"Vanessa Cassidy (portrayed by Teresa Palmer) is a popular and deceitful American schoolgirl who attends Tokyo International High School with Allison and Miyuki. She and Miyuki attempt to snap a picture of Allison frightened at the old house as a prank. When Allison screams in terror, Vanessa flees panic, followed by Miyuki. At school, she and a group of other girls harass Allison when they heard she had to go and see the school shrink. The curse, however, does not cease to taunt her as it does Miyuki and Allison; she is taken by Kayako after trying to make a call in a phone booth. Later, she and Miyuki appear as ghosts in Principal Dale's office (who is a ghost as well) while Allison is there. Vanessa and Miyuki continue to haunt Allison until her death.Vanessa is primarily an original character as she has virtually nothing in common with the schoolgirls from the Japanese original film (Chiharu or Miyuki). Her death scene however is directly based on that of Mizuho Tamura from Ju-on: The Curse (2000).","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Misako Uno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misako_Uno"}],"sub_title":"Miyuki Nazawa","text":"Miyuki Nazawa (portrayed by Misako Uno) is a Japanese schoolgirl from Tokyo International High School, and one of Vanessa's best friends. She assists her in playing a mean prank on their classmate Allison Fleming, although she seems to be rather unsure of their visit at the Saeki house. She gets the curse for being in the house, and is the first of the 3 schoolgirls to be killed. When Allison is in Principal Dale's office for around the third time, she sees Miyuki, Vanessa, and her principal as ghosts.Miyuki is very loosely based on the character of the same name from Ju-On: The Grudge, though unlike her, Miyuki dies in the American remake.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edison Chen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Chen"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"journalist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist"},{"link_name":"dark room","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkroom"}],"sub_title":"Eason","text":"Eason (portrayed by Edison Chen) is a Hong Kong journalist who is researching the paranormal events created from Kayako's curse. He was the one who rescued Karen from the house's fire, and introduces himself to Aubrey when she goes to the hospital. During her stay in Japan, he asks Aubrey questions about the curse, and also supports her as a friend. After a little while, he discovers that the fire that Karen set to the house didn't eliminate the curse, stating that instead it worsened something. He was killed by Kayako in his dark room, when Kayako emerged from one of the photos. His corpse is later found by Aubrey, which is then possessed by Kayako and nearly kills her.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Matthew Knight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Knight"}],"sub_title":"Jake Kimble","text":"Jake Kimble (portrayed by Matthew Knight) is a young boy who lives in an apartment in Chicago along with Bill, his father, Lacey, his sister, and Trish, his stepmother, who has just moved in. In The Grudge 2, he discovers strange occurrences in his apartment, and grows more and more disturbed by them as the movie goes on. At the end of the film, he finds the corpses of his father and sister, and witnesses his stepmother being drowned by Toshio. When he finds Allison in the hallway, he asks her what she brought to Chicago with her, and she only replies \"it followed me here\" before being killed by Kayako, who then attacks Jake immediately after.In The Grudge 3, Jake is hospitalized in an insane asylum. He has become as paranoid and traumatized as both Karen and Allison were after being exposed to the curse for too long. He ends up killed by Kayako at the beginning of the film by being thrown around the room by the invisible Kayako, and the curse is reborn in his apartment. Jake was the only one who survived in The Grudge 2 (presumably; there are some characters where it is unstated what happened to them) and the first killed in The Grudge 3 He and Karen are the only characters (besides the Saeki ghosts) to appear in more than one film.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jennifer_Beals_at_L5.jpg"},{"link_name":"Jennifer Beals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Beals"}],"sub_title":"Trish Kimble","text":"Successful actress Jennifer Beals in The Grudge 2Trish Kimble (portrayed by Jennifer Beals) is Jake and Lacey's new step mother and Bill's second wife. She is a kind, tender woman to begin with, but she scares Jake, and seems to have a bad relationship with him. When the curse arrives at the apartment complex, the noises in the apartment begin to disturb her, and later she becomes under the influence of Kayako, which prompts her to kill her husband. Later, Jake finds her in a bathtub with a blank look, revealing the curse's presence upon her to him. She is killed by Toshio, who drowns her in the bathtub.In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that Trish became the primary suspect of the deaths in murder-suicide act.Trish is the American counterpart of Yoshimi Kitada from Ju-On: The Curse.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Christopher Cousins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Cousins"}],"sub_title":"Bill Kimble","text":"Bill Kimble (portrayed by Christopher Cousins) is Jake's father. He is a kind, loving family man, but later becomes influenced by Takeo. This begins to show more when he starts to act strangely and not like himself; his influence by the spirit is indicated when he overhears Trish talking on the phone with a man named Nate, and begins to squeeze his keys in his fist to the point where he makes his hand bleed. From that point on, he thinks his wife is having an affair, and scolds her about it the following morning, while she is making him breakfast. When he yells at her for burning his bacon, she (being under Kayako's influence) kills him. Jake later finds his corpse in his parents' bedroom.He is the American counterpart of Hiroshi Kitada from Ju-On: The Curse.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sarah Roemer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Roemer"}],"sub_title":"Lacey Kimble","text":"Lacey Kimble (portrayed by Sarah Roemer) is a young cheerleader and Jake's older sister. She cares a lot about her brother, and spends a night with him when he is awakened and frightened by the banging next door. Jake looks up to her, appearing to see her as the only one who understands what he is dealing with, but she is unaware and unaffected by the curse until the very end. Jake later finds her dead with her head hanging in water in a bathtub, indicating that the curse had murdered her by drowning her.In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that Lacey was murdered by Trish.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kim Miyori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Miyori"},{"link_name":"Itako","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itako"},{"link_name":"vengeful spirit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vengeful_spirit"},{"link_name":"heart attack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_attack"}],"sub_title":"Nakagawa Kawamata","text":"Nakagawa Kawamata (portrayed by Kim Miyori) is an Itako, Kayako and Naoko's mother, Toshio's maternal grandmother and Takeo and Daisuke's mother-in-law. She used her daughter to \"eat\" the evil spirits she drove from her patients, marking Kayako for the rest of her life. In the film, she explains to Aubrey Davis that it is not her fault the curse was created, but rather because her daughter was foolish and was killed out of Takeo's rage, and that there is no way to stop it. She is then killed by Kayako's vengeful spirit, although it looked as if she died of a heart attack.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Joanna Cassidy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_Cassidy"}],"sub_title":"Mrs. Davis","text":"Mrs. Davis (portrayed by Joanna Cassidy) is the mother of Karen and Aubrey. She is extremely sick and is never seen out of bed once in the film. Since she cannot go to Japan to search for Karen herself, she sends Aubrey to do the job for her. Mrs. Davis sees Karen as far superior to Aubrey, and often makes rude comments to Aubrey, even during their final conversation together before Aubrey's death. She is one of only a few characters to never encounter the curse, but it is unknown if her illness killed her in the near future. Also, it is unknown if she knows about Aubrey's death. In the alternate ending (unrated version) the curse travels all the way to Pasadena to claim her.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jenna Dewan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenna_Dewan"}],"sub_title":"Sally","text":"Sally (portrayed by Jenna Dewan) is Lacey's best friend who resides in one of the next door apartments. She is first seen as a friendly, helpful girl, but later falls under the influence of the curse. Later in the movie, Lacey goes to her apartment to show her how she looks in her cheerleading outfit, only to find her drinking milk from a gallon jug, and then regurgitating it back into the jug with a ghostly look on her face. She is later killed in the same way Jennifer Williams was in the first Grudge film. It is unknown how she encountered the curse.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Eve Gordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve_Gordon"},{"link_name":"principal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_teacher"}],"sub_title":"Mrs. Dale","text":"Mrs. Dale (portrayed by Eve Gordon) is the calm but ghostly principal of Tokyo International High School. Allison is called to her office a couple of times in the film, reluctant to tell her what is wrong & only saying that she wants to go home. The principal tells Allison that what is haunting her isn't real; she claimed to have been in the Saeki house with police, and that it's just an old, abandoned house. However, this quickly proves to be false when two ghosts of Vanessa and Miyuki appear next to her and she becomes a ghost herself, indicating that the curse had already killed her along with the others.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Sotaro","text":"Sotaro (portrayed by Sotaro Nagasawa) is the teacher of Japanese in Tokyo International High School. During his lesson Allison and Miyuki are persecuted by the ghosts of Toshio and Mar. He never encountered the curse himself.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shaun Sipos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Sipos"},{"link_name":"condom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condom"}],"sub_title":"Michael","text":"Michael (portrayed by Shaun Sipos) is Miyuki's caring but rather lustful boyfriend. On the night of Miyuki's death, he brings her to a love hotel. Miyuki finds a condom on the bed while he is showering, indicating that he was clearly planning on having sex with her that night. He is still showering while the curse kills Miyuki, and claims that she just disappeared when he got out. It is unknown if he got the curse from her or if it later killed him.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"John and Annie Fleming","text":"John and Annie Fleming (portrayed by Gwen Lorenzetti and Paul Jarrett) are the parents of Allison. When Bill and his family first move in, they are very friendly and welcoming towards them. Later in the film, Jake spots them helping Allison to their apartment; when he says hi to Mr. Fleming, he simply turns around, gives a momentary glance, and keeps walking. Jake later tells Lacey that they were acting \"really weird.\" They do not appear again in the film, and it is unknown if the curse kills them like it did Allison. It is quite possible that the Flemings and the Kimbles did indeed go out for dinner, and the Flemings had gotten the curse from Allison, then spread it to the Kimbles. In the alternate ending, we discovered the Flemings’ house is now-silent, indicating that Mr. and Mrs. Fleming are dead.In The Grudge 3, it is revealed that John and Annie were killed by Trish.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Mishima","text":"Mishima (portrayed by Zen Kajihara) is a friend of Eason and has a very large interest in folklore. Eason goes to him when he and Aubrey have questions about the curse and Kayako's past history, and he provides them with some information. He himself never went into the house, nor does he have any lines, so it is assumed that he never encountered the curse himself.","title":"The Grudge 2"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Grudge_3,_Lisa_and_Rose.jpg"},{"link_name":"Johanna Braddy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanna_Braddy"},{"link_name":"The Grudge 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grudge_3"}],"sub_title":"Lisa","text":"Lisa and her asthmatic sister RoseLisa (portrayed by Johanna Braddy) is the main protagonist of The Grudge 3 who lives in the same building as Jake. She is the sister of Max and Rose. She appeared to be living in the apartment for some time, knowing most of the residents such as Jake and Allison Flemming (rarely meeting the latter). At the time of the events of The Grudge 3, she had been intending to leave Chicago for New York with her boyfriend to work as a fashion model so she can win the scholarship money to pay for Rose's medical bills. She becomes rather uncomfortable with Rose saying that a new boy had moved into the building despite not hearing any of it before. She later finds out the 'new boy' is in fact Toshio after running into him on the floor Jake's apartment is on. Lisa is one of the two survivors of the apartment, though she does not know that Rose's body also houses Kayako's spirit.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Rose","text":"Rose (portrayed by Jadie Rose Hobson) is an 8-year-old girl who suffers from asthma attacks. She is Lisa and Max's little sister. At the end, Rose asks Lisa if they will be safe and Lisa assures her that they will be, embracing her. As the camera moves, it is revealed that Lisa is now hugging Kayako, her curse now contained in Rose's body. Rose was the only one to stop the curse throughout the films. She is still alive, despite that Kayako is shown instead of her. It is implied that when she gets older, Kayako will take over her body to get her own body back.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ShawneeSmithLondonComicCon2011.jpg"},{"link_name":"Shawnee Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee_Smith"}],"sub_title":"Dr. Francine Sullivan","text":"Despite the film's mixed to negative reception Smith's performance was praised.Dr. Francine Sullivan (portrayed by Shawnee Smith) is Jake's case worker. Since Jake was put in mental care, Dr. Sullivan attempted to ease him, believing that Jake's stories of Kayako killing his family was merely him hallucinating his stepmother Trish killing them instead (due to the police suspecting Trish to be the murderer). Her assumptions are proved wrong when she is urgently called to Jake's room by a security guard, only to see Jake dead along with every bone in his body broken. Sullivan later investigates Jake's apartment and is the one who tells Lisa about Jake's horrible and abnormal death. She also informs Lisa that the 'new boy' Lisa saw in her apartment is in fact dead after revealing a photo of Toshio in a newspaper, revealing Toshio died years ago. Sullivan later sees unusual visions in the surveillance cameras viewing the hallways of the facility and investigates, only to be chased by Kayako once getting there. She attempts to escape but is killed when the final door she attempts to open does not respond despite yelling out to the cleaner just outside for help. Lisa calls for Sullivan after she is kicked out of her apartment, but learns that she had been killed.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Onryō","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onry%C5%8D"}],"sub_title":"Naoko Kawamata","text":"Naoko (portrayed by Emi Ikehata) is Kayako's younger sister. For Naoko, growing up in their mother's care was \"frightening\", but for Kayako it was a living nightmare. She knows of the curse and how to end it once and for all. Killed in rage by a possessed Max (in a fashion similar to her sister's death), she is resurrected as a new Onryō. With Kayako's curse now contained inside Rose's body, Naoko's curse has taken its place and now haunts the Chicago apartments.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago"}],"sub_title":"Daisuke","text":"Daisuke (portrayed by Takatsuna Mukai) is the widowed husband of Naoko. He appeared briefly trying to convince Naoko to stay in Tokyo and fearing for her safety because she was attempting to stop the curse. In the end, he finally agrees to let her move to Chicago. He never encountered the curse himself nor did he visit the Saeki house. It is unknown if he is aware of Naoko's death.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Max","text":"Max (portrayed by Gil McKinney) is the landlord of the Chicago building. It appears Max was the landlord of the apartment for some time and it is presumed he did fairly well in his job before the chaos Kayako, Takeo and Toshio began causing at around the events between the second and the third films. The spirits caused many people in the apartment to either die, go missing or simply move, bringing Max into hard times, not to mention that the flow of new residents was at an all-time low. Max is revealed to be on the brink of being fired and does what he can to keep the building together. He introduces Naoko to the building (having no idea what she came for) though he does not tell her why the apartment itself seems rather empty of residents. Throughout the film, it becomes clear Max is possessed by Takeo, showing signs of extreme anger, resentfulness and other signs of odd behavior and frightening Rose and Lisa. His possession also leads to getting fired after he pushed his boss into a pile of bricks. Max, being possessed, also interrupts the ceremony Naoko attempts to get rid of Takeo, Toshio and Kayako's spirits. He unknowingly kills Naoko in the similar way Takeo killed Kayako and after Takeo's spirit is finally banished, he breaks down in tears after seeing that he was responsible for Naoko's death. He is shortly attacked by Naoko, who has taken the form of a ghost, similar to that of her sister Kayako. Max is the final one killed.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Beau Mirchoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beau_Mirchoff"}],"sub_title":"Andy","text":"Andy (portrayed by Beau Mirchoff) is Lisa's boyfriend. He was very unaware of the curse in the apartments and seems to not care about the deaths and disappearances that much. He and Lisa were going to go to New York, but a worried Lisa had to take care of her family, so they stayed. Right after he reassures Lisa everything will be alright, he walks back to his apartment, only to find Toshio's running legs up the stairs. He follows them, and goes into the room. He is then killed by Kayako's ghost. His body is later found by Lisa and Rose and is then possessed by Kayako to kill Lisa.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marina_Sirtis_in_2005_Netherlands.jpg"},{"link_name":"Marina Sirtis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Sirtis"}],"sub_title":"Gretchen","text":"Marina Sirtis's first horror film appearanceGretchen (portrayed by Marina Sirtis) is a neighbor of Lisa, Rose, and Max, and a painter. She is often hired as a guardian to Rose when Max or Lisa are busy. Gretchen appears to be friends with Max, and is killed by Kayako in her apartment while she was painting a picture of Rose. Her body was later found by Max and taken away by paramedics. Gretchen's death triggers Max's possession.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"extra-sensory perception","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra-sensory_perception"},{"link_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder"}],"sub_title":"Brenda","text":"Brenda (portrayed by Mihaela Nankova) and her mother move out of the Chicago building after Brenda starts seeing the ghosts of Kayako and Toshio. She may have had extra-sensory perception or a feeling of impending doom as evidenced by her reluctance to speak. It's likely that she has post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from her encounters with the ghosts, leaving her mute. She also seems to have lost her appetite, barely touching her mother's Chinese food dinner. She is killed by being dragged into her bathtub, and drowned by Takeo's evil spirit while her mother was unpacking. It is unknown if Brenda's mother is also killed by the curse.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Renee","text":"Renee (portrayed by Laura Giosh) is the mother of the silent Brenda and one of the few tenants left in the apartment. Because the Kimble family deaths frightened Brenda and because Brenda continuously saw Kayako and Toshio, she finally decided to move out of the apartments. She had no ill feelings towards Max, as they were on good terms with her moving out. Renee tries to get Brenda to talk over a Chinese food dinner but she remains unresponsive. She prepares Brenda a bath to help her relax, and while unpacking at her new home she hears a struggle in the bathroom and discovers Brenda has vanished. It is unknown what became of her, but because she had lived in the cursed apartment, it's highly likely that she was later killed.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Ben","text":"Ben (portrayed by Mike Straub) is a security guard and the assistant of Dr. Sullivan. After he sees Kayako kill Jake through the camera, he calls to Dr. Sullivan and both are shocked to see Jake's mangled corpse. Later when Kayako is chasing Dr. Sullivan, Dr. Sullivan begs him to open the door to save her, but he was busy cleaning the floor and did not hear her.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Mr. Praski","text":"Mr. Praski (portrayed by Michael McCoy) is Max's boss. He wanted to give the apartment to a company due to the deaths, disappearances, the leaving tenants, and the loss of money, but he settled to give Max one last chance. After Gretchen's death he views Max as unfit to be landlord and fires him. A possessed Max pushes him into a pile of bricks. Shortly after the incident, Toshio kills him in his car.","title":"The Grudge 3"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"The Grudge (2020 film)"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Detective Muldoon","text":"Muldoon, still mourning the loss of her husband who died of cancer 3 months prior, had relocated to a new home with her son Burke to hopefully start anew and live closer to her job. She is a rookie cop working for the Police Department.Muldoon is eventually assigned a new partner in Detective Goodman, and they’re assigned to investigate a case involving the corpse of Lorna Moody, which had been found rotting in a wrecked car in the middle of the forest. Learning that Lorna had last been seen at 44 Reyburn Drive, Muldoon intended to investigate the house, but Goodman refused to accompany her, as he knew about the rumors of the house being cursed and wanted nothing to do with it or the case.42274F5E-CEFE-425D-9AF6-9CE73731FF72.jpeg\nMuldoon confronting a disheveled and catatonic Faith.\nArriving at the address, Muldoon proceeded to knock on the door, but let herself in when she began hearing Faith Matheson moaning and crying inside. She finds Faith, completely catatonic, and William’s rotting corpse. She calls for backup and Faith is hospitalized shortly after. On her way back home from the house, she spots the mysterious apparition of Nina Spencer alongside the road, holding her never-born son. She also sees the ghost of Melinda Landers on the road and nearly loses control of the car trying to avoid hitting her.As she’s further investigating the case and the history of the house, Muldoon is now being haunted by the ghosts of the Landers family, such as seeing Sam Landers in a dark room and Fiona Landers briefly pushing her head into the sink trying to drown her.Muldoon’s research leads her to interrogating Detective Wilson, now a patient at a mental hospital, who was the former partner of Goodman who was traumatized after coming into contact with the curse. He tells her that anybody who goes into the house is doomed to die as a victim of the curse. Shortly after she leaves, Wilson then gouges his eyes out so that he can stop seeing the ghosts.Muldoon then listens to the tapes that Wilson had recorded during his investigation, learning about the background of the curse, which originated in Japan when Takeo Saeki had murdered his wife Kayako Saeki and his son Toshio Saeki. The deaths had created a curse, which had been brought to America with Fiona Landers when she returned to Pennsylvania. Wilson had been in contact with Detective Nakagawa, who told him about the grisly murders and how he believed the curse had taken his colleagues.Fearing for her son’s life, Muldoon ultimately decides to try and end the curse by dousing the house in gasoline and setting it ablaze, seeing visions of Fiona murdering her family in the process. As she’s about to drop the lighter, Burke seemingly steps inside to confront her. Muldoon quickly realizes it’s not him when he fails to repeat a phrase they use regularly (What do we do when we’re scared? We close our eyes and count to 5). As the illusion fades, revealing that it was Melinda’s ghost the whole time, the house is burned down to the ground, and Muldoon embraces the real Burke outside.A little while later, Muldoon hugs Burke who is getting ready for school, but another Burke in the background grabs his backpack and says goodbye to his mother as he steps out to catch his bus. The “Burke” she was hugging is revealed to be Melinda’s ghost, and then Muldoon is promptly attacked by Fiona’s ghost, leaving her fate unknown.","title":"The Grudge (2020 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Demián Bichir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demi%C3%A1n_Bichir"}],"sub_title":"Detective Goodman","text":"Status: Alive\nFaction: HumanityDetective Goodman (Demián Bichir)","title":"The Grudge (2020 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John Cho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cho"}],"sub_title":"Peter Spencer","text":"Status: Deceased\nFaction: HumanityPeter Spencer (John Cho)","title":"The Grudge (2020 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Sadler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sadler_(actor)"}],"sub_title":"Detective Wilson","text":"Status: Deceased\nFaction: HumanityDetective Wilson (William Sadler)","title":"The Grudge (2020 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frankie Faison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Faison"}],"sub_title":"William Matheson","text":"Status: Deceased\nFaction: HumanityWilliam Matheson (Frankie Faison)","title":"The Grudge (2020 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lin Shaye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Shaye"}],"sub_title":"Faith Matheson","text":"Status: Deceased\nFaction: HumanityFaith Matheson (Lin Shaye)","title":"The Grudge (2020 film)"}] | [{"image_text":"Gellar received praise for her performance as Karen in The Grudge.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar_Comic-Con%2C_2011.jpg/170px-Sarah_Michelle_Gellar_Comic-Con%2C_2011.jpg"},{"image_text":"Strickland was cast for her success in her previous film Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/KaDee_Strickland_in_Brentwood_Magazine_April_2005.jpg/170px-KaDee_Strickland_in_Brentwood_Magazine_April_2005.jpg"},{"image_text":"Arielle's performance was so positive she was nominated for a teen choice award.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Arielle_Kebbel_2012_Shankbone.JPG/170px-Arielle_Kebbel_2012_Shankbone.JPG"},{"image_text":"Amber Tamblyn made her Japanese remake debut in 2002's The Ring as Katie Embry.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MMVA2007_Amber_Tamblyn_3A2V0167.jpg/170px-MMVA2007_Amber_Tamblyn_3A2V0167.jpg"},{"image_text":"Successful actress Jennifer Beals in The Grudge 2","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jennifer_Beals_at_L5.jpg/170px-Jennifer_Beals_at_L5.jpg"},{"image_text":"Lisa and her asthmatic sister Rose","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2d/The_Grudge_3%2C_Lisa_and_Rose.jpg/220px-The_Grudge_3%2C_Lisa_and_Rose.jpg"},{"image_text":"Despite the film's mixed to negative reception Smith's performance was praised.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/ShawneeSmithLondonComicCon2011.jpg/170px-ShawneeSmithLondonComicCon2011.jpg"},{"image_text":"Marina Sirtis's first horror film appearance","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Marina_Sirtis_in_2005_Netherlands.jpg/170px-Marina_Sirtis_in_2005_Netherlands.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"I Like Horror Movies: The Grudge (2004)\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_La_Menor | Cathedral of Santo Domingo | ["1 History","2 Description","3 Notable people buried","4 Gallery","4.1 Exterior","4.2 Interior","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"] | Coordinates: 18°28′22″N 69°53′02″W / 18.4727777878°N 69.8838888989°W / 18.4727777878; -69.8838888989Cathedral Basilica of Santa María la MenorFront entrance to the Cathedral of Santa María la MenorReligionAffiliationCatholicProvinceArchdiocese of Santo DomingoLocationLocationSanto Domingo, Dominican RepublicArchitectureStyleGothicGroundbreaking1504Completed1550UNESCO World Heritage Site
UNESCO World Heritage SitePart ofColonial City of Santo DomingoCriteriaCultural: (ii), (iv), (vi)Reference526Inscription1990 (14th Session)Coordinates18°28′22″N 69°53′02″W / 18.4727777878°N 69.8838888989°W / 18.4727777878; -69.8838888989Location of Cathedral of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic
The Cathedral of Santa María la Menor in the Colonial City of Santo Domingo is dedicated to St. Mary of the Incarnation. It is the first and oldest cathedral in the Americas, begun in 1504 and was completed in 1550. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Santo Domingo who has the honorary title of Primate of the Indies because this cathedral was the first diocese and the oldest cathedral established in the New World.
The cathedral is fronted with a golden-tinted coral limestone façade. The building is Gothic, a notable example of real Gothic architecture outside Europe. There is also a treasury which has an excellent art collection of ancient woodcarvings, furnishings, funerary monuments, silver, and jewelry.
It is located between Calle Arzobispo Merino and Isabel la Católica, next to Columbus Park in the city of Santo Domingo de Guzmán.
History
Interior of the First Cathedral of America, highlighting the ribbed vaults.
The Cathedral of Santo Domingo is the oldest in the Americas, built by order of Pope Julius II in 1504. Headquarters of the Archdiocese of Santo Domingo, its construction began in 1512, under the pastoral government of the first bishop of Santo Domingo, Friar García Padilla, who never came to the island; based on plans by the architect Alonso de Rodríguez.
With the work stopped, they continued with a new design by Luis de Moya and Rodrigo de Liendo in 1522 with the intervention of Bishop Alessandro Geraldini.
The architect Alonso González, inspired by the Seville Cathedral, partially completed the church in 1550.
Successively Alonso de Fuenmayor, promoted the works and on August 31, 1541, it was consecrated.
In 1546 Pope Paul III elevated it to the rank of Metropolitan Cathedral and Primate of America at the request of King Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Another promotion came in 1920 when Pope Benedict XV elevated it to "Minor Basilica of the Virgin of the Annunciation".
In the second half of the 16th century, the Cloister sector was built on the south side, with the cells of the canons; another example is found in the Cathedral of Salamanca in Spain.
In 1547 the work on the bell tower was interrupted, because its height, surpassing the Homage tower, had caused disturbances to the sentinels.
It was the headquarters of the troops of Sir Francis Drake during his invasion of 1586, who sacked it. Apparently in 1665 there was a second consecration.
Initially without chapels, in 1740 it had 9 and currently it has 14. The Chapels of Alonso de Suazo, Rodrígo, Bastídas, Geraldini and Diego Caballero deserve special mention, as well as the crypt of the Archbishops and the lateral Baptismal chapel.
Among the works, the painting of Our Lady of la Antigua, donated by the Admiral. The organ was brought to Magdeburg in 1860.
Description
Tomb that housed the remains of Christopher Columbus until 1795.
Rear north facade of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo in a photo of 1899.
The architecture of the building of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo is characterized by a Gothic style with ribbed vaults, solid walls and three doors, two of them Gothic in contrast to the third and main of Gothic-Plateresque style.
The cathedral contains a vast artistic treasure made up of altarpieces, paintings (including a panel of the Virgin of la Altagracia dated 1523), old cabinetry, furniture, monuments and tombstones, among other objects. The mausoleums of the archbishops of the colonial period stand out, it is also worth mentioning the tombstone of Simón Bolívar, one of the predecessors of the Liberator.
The remains of Christopher Columbus were housed in the cathedral for a time, which were transferred in 1795 to the Cathedral of Havana and finally, between 1898 and 1899, to the Cathedral of Seville.
The valuable archiepiscopal throne, in the Plateresque style, dates from 1540. It was part of the lower choir, dismantled at the end of the last century to place the marble monument in which the remains of Christopher Columbus were kept.
The cathedral is built with calcareous stone, although some walls are made of masonry and bricks, and it has twelve side chapels, three free naves and a main nave. The roof of the central nave is pitched. Those of the side naves are made up of ribbed vaults that face the outside, as if they were hemispherical domes. The greatest length of the basilica is 54 m from the central nave to the bottom of the presbytery. The width of the three naves is 23 m. The highest height from floor to vault reaches 16 meters, and the built area exceeds 3,000 square meters. Fourteen side chapels were built throughout the cathedral's history.
South nave of Santa María la Menor Cathedral.
The surroundings of the cathedral are formulated in three independent spaces, to the north the Plaza de Armas, the battlemented atrium is like an antechamber that marks the main entrance to the religious complex. To the south, the cloister called Plazoleta de los Curas. The annexes around the courtyard allow a passage called Callejón de Curas.
Notable people buried
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Buenaventura Báez – was the president of the Dominican Republic for five nonconsecutive terms.
Ramón Báez – was a physician and president of the Dominican Republic.
Fernando Arturo de Meriño – was a Dominican archbishop and served as the president of the Dominican Republic.
Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra – He served as the president of the Dominican Republic.
Gallery
Exterior
Cathedral of Santo Domingo at the late 19th century.
Coat of arms of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo
North facade
South facade
North facade
Main entrance (west facade)
Bell-gable
(rear) East facade
Night view of the main entrance
Roof view of cathedral
Interior
North nave of Santa María la Menor Cathedral.
Vaulted ceiling(rib vault structure)
Interior
Column
Ceiling structure(rib vault)
Main altar
See also
Catholicism portal
List of colonial buildings in Santo Domingo
Colonial City of Santo Domingo
Our Lady of Altagracia
List of oldest buildings in the Americas
Gothic architecture#Gothic in the Colonial Americas
History of the Dominican Republic
List of basilicas in North and Central America and the Caribbean
References
^ a b c "Colonial City of Santo Domingo". UNESCO World Heritage Centre website.
^ a b "Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor". 5albemarleway.co.uk. 15 August 2018. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
^ Cardinal Gasparri (1920). "BENEDICTUS PP. XV - LITTERAE APOSTOLICAE - INTER AMERICAE". The Vatican website.
^ "Los restos de Colón de la Catedral de Sevilla son auténticos, según los investigadores de Granada". El Mundo. Europa Press. 2006.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catedral Santa María La Menor, Santo Domingo.
Flores Sasso, Virginia de los Ángeles (2012), Doctoral Thesis about the construction of Santo Domingo's Cathedral (in Spanish).
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Headquarters of the Archdiocese of Santo Domingo, its construction began in 1512, under the pastoral government of the first bishop of Santo Domingo, Friar García Padilla, who never came to the island; based on plans by the architect Alonso de Rodríguez.With the work stopped, they continued with a new design by Luis de Moya and Rodrigo de Liendo in 1522 with the intervention of Bishop Alessandro Geraldini.The architect Alonso González, inspired by the Seville Cathedral, partially completed the church in 1550.Successively Alonso de Fuenmayor, promoted the works and on August 31, 1541, it was consecrated.In 1546 Pope Paul III elevated it to the rank of Metropolitan Cathedral and Primate of America at the request of King Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.Another promotion came in 1920 when Pope Benedict XV elevated it to \"Minor Basilica of the Virgin of the Annunciation\".[3]In the second half of the 16th century, the Cloister sector was built on the south side, with the cells of the canons; another example is found in the Cathedral of Salamanca in Spain.In 1547 the work on the bell tower was interrupted, because its height, surpassing the Homage tower, had caused disturbances to the sentinels.It was the headquarters of the troops of Sir Francis Drake during his invasion of 1586, who sacked it. Apparently in 1665 there was a second consecration.Initially without chapels, in 1740 it had 9 and currently it has 14. The Chapels of Alonso de Suazo, Rodrígo, Bastídas, Geraldini and Diego Caballero deserve special mention, as well as the crypt of the Archbishops and the lateral Baptismal chapel.Among the works, the painting of Our Lady of la Antigua, donated by the Admiral. The organ was brought to Magdeburg in 1860.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SD-037.jpg"},{"link_name":"Christopher Columbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Santo_Domingo_Cathedral_(1899).jpg"},{"link_name":"Gothic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture"},{"link_name":"ribbed vaults","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbed_vault"},{"link_name":"Plateresque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateresque"},{"link_name":"altarpieces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altarpiece"},{"link_name":"Simón Bolívar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar"},{"link_name":"Christopher Columbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus"},{"link_name":"Cathedral of Havana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_Havana"},{"link_name":"Cathedral of Seville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_Seville"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Plateresque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateresque"},{"link_name":"nave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nave"},{"link_name":"ribbed vaults","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbed_vault"},{"link_name":"presbytery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbytery_(architecture)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nave_Sur_Bovedas_Nervadas_Catedral_CCSD_10_2018_4229.jpg"}],"text":"Tomb that housed the remains of Christopher Columbus until 1795.Rear north facade of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo in a photo of 1899.The architecture of the building of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo is characterized by a Gothic style with ribbed vaults, solid walls and three doors, two of them Gothic in contrast to the third and main of Gothic-Plateresque style.The cathedral contains a vast artistic treasure made up of altarpieces, paintings (including a panel of the Virgin of la Altagracia dated 1523), old cabinetry, furniture, monuments and tombstones, among other objects. The mausoleums of the archbishops of the colonial period stand out, it is also worth mentioning the tombstone of Simón Bolívar, one of the predecessors of the Liberator.The remains of Christopher Columbus were housed in the cathedral for a time, which were transferred in 1795 to the Cathedral of Havana and finally, between 1898 and 1899, to the Cathedral of Seville.[4]The valuable archiepiscopal throne, in the Plateresque style, dates from 1540. It was part of the lower choir, dismantled at the end of the last century to place the marble monument in which the remains of Christopher Columbus were kept.The cathedral is built with calcareous stone, although some walls are made of masonry and bricks, and it has twelve side chapels, three free naves and a main nave. The roof of the central nave is pitched. Those of the side naves are made up of ribbed vaults that face the outside, as if they were hemispherical domes. The greatest length of the basilica is 54 m from the central nave to the bottom of the presbytery. The width of the three naves is 23 m. The highest height from floor to vault reaches 16 meters, and the built area exceeds 3,000 square meters. Fourteen side chapels were built throughout the cathedral's history.South nave of Santa María la Menor Cathedral.The surroundings of the cathedral are formulated in three independent spaces, to the north the Plaza de Armas, the battlemented atrium is like an antechamber that marks the main entrance to the religious complex. To the south, the cloister called Plazoleta de los Curas. The annexes around the courtyard allow a passage called Callejón de Curas.","title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Buenaventura Báez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez"},{"link_name":"Ramón Báez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_B%C3%A1ez"},{"link_name":"Fernando Arturo de Meriño","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Arturo_de_Meri%C3%B1o"},{"link_name":"Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Isidro_Jimenes_Pereyra"}],"text":"Buenaventura Báez – was the president of the Dominican Republic for five nonconsecutive terms.\nRamón Báez – was a physician and president of the Dominican Republic.\nFernando Arturo de Meriño – was a Dominican archbishop and served as the president of the Dominican Republic.\nJuan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra – He served as the president of the Dominican Republic.","title":"Notable people buried"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Gallery"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Santo_Domingo_late_19th_century.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Escudo_Catedral_Primada_de_Am%C3%A9rica.svg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_facade_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_06_2018_098.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Santo_Domingo_-_Catedral_Santa_Maria_La_Menor_01.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_gate_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_07_2017_4638.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_RD_11_2017_6586.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:East_facade_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_07_2017_4636.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catedral_Primada_noche_CCSD_03_2019_4861.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Details_main_facade_Catedral_Primada_SD_07_2017_4681.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_fachada_norte_Catedral_Primada_noche_CCSD_03_2019_4845.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fachada_Este_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_09_2018_1279.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catedral_Primada_SD_07_2017_4634.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aerial_view_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_09_2019_0074.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Exterior","text":"Cathedral of Santo Domingo at the late 19th century.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCoat of arms of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNorth facade\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSouth facade\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNorth facade\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tMain entrance (west facade)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tBell-gable\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t(rear) East facade\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNight view of the main entrance\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tRoof view of cathedral","title":"Gallery"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nave_Norte_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_05_2019_5530.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_01_2018_6840.jpg"},{"link_name":"rib vault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_vault"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_Catedral_Primada_SD_12_2017_6453.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altar_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_11_2017_7109.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catedral_Primada_de_America.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_01_2018_6837.jpg"},{"link_name":"rib vault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_vault"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altar_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_11_2017_7087.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Interior","text":"North nave of Santa María la Menor Cathedral.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tVaulted ceiling(rib vault structure)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tInterior\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tColumn\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCeiling structure(rib vault)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tMain altar","title":"Gallery"}] | [{"image_text":"Interior of the First Cathedral of America, highlighting the ribbed vaults.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Altar_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_11_2017_7109.jpg/220px-Altar_Catedral_Primada_CCSD_11_2017_7109.jpg"},{"image_text":"Tomb that housed the remains of Christopher Columbus until 1795.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SD-037.jpg/220px-SD-037.jpg"},{"image_text":"Rear north facade of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo in a photo of 1899.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Santo_Domingo_Cathedral_%281899%29.jpg/220px-Santo_Domingo_Cathedral_%281899%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"South nave of Santa María la Menor Cathedral.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Nave_Sur_Bovedas_Nervadas_Catedral_CCSD_10_2018_4229.jpg/220px-Nave_Sur_Bovedas_Nervadas_Catedral_CCSD_10_2018_4229.jpg"}] | [{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg"},{"title":"Catholicism portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Catholicism"},{"title":"List of colonial buildings in Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_colonial_buildings_in_Santo_Domingo&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"title":"Colonial City of Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_Colonial"},{"title":"Our Lady of Altagracia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Altagracia"},{"title":"List of oldest buildings in the Americas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_the_Americas"},{"title":"Gothic architecture#Gothic in the Colonial Americas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture#Gothic_in_the_Colonial_Americas"},{"title":"History of the Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Dominican_Republic"},{"title":"List of basilicas in North and Central America and the Caribbean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_basilicas#Basilicas_in_North_and_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean"}] | [{"reference":"\"Colonial City of Santo Domingo\". UNESCO World Heritage Centre website.","urls":[{"url":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526","url_text":"\"Colonial City of Santo Domingo\""}]},{"reference":"\"Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor\". 5albemarleway.co.uk. 15 August 2018. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200726144146/https://www.5albemarleway.co.uk/blog/2018/8/15/basilica-cathedral-of-santa-mara-la-menor-1","url_text":"\"Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor\""},{"url":"https://www.5albemarleway.co.uk/blog/2018/8/15/basilica-cathedral-of-santa-mara-la-menor-1","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Cardinal Gasparri (1920). \"BENEDICTUS PP. XV - LITTERAE APOSTOLICAE - INTER AMERICAE\". The Vatican website.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xv/la/apost_letters/documents/hf_ben-xv_apl_19200614_inter-americae.html","url_text":"\"BENEDICTUS PP. XV - LITTERAE APOSTOLICAE - INTER AMERICAE\""}]},{"reference":"\"Los restos de Colón de la Catedral de Sevilla son auténticos, según los investigadores de Granada\". El Mundo. Europa Press. 2006.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2006/05/20/ciencia/1148152090.html","url_text":"\"Los restos de Colón de la Catedral de Sevilla son auténticos, según los investigadores de Granada\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)","url_text":"El Mundo"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Press_(news_agency)","url_text":"Europa Press"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_of_Santo_Domingo¶ms=18.4727777878_N_69.8838888989_W_source:ruwiki_region:DO_type:landmark","external_links_name":"18°28′22″N 69°53′02″W / 18.4727777878°N 69.8838888989°W / 18.4727777878; -69.8838888989"},{"Link":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526","external_links_name":"526"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_of_Santo_Domingo¶ms=18.4727777878_N_69.8838888989_W_source:ruwiki_region:DO_type:landmark","external_links_name":"18°28′22″N 69°53′02″W / 18.4727777878°N 69.8838888989°W / 18.4727777878; -69.8838888989"},{"Link":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526","external_links_name":"\"Colonial City of Santo Domingo\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200726144146/https://www.5albemarleway.co.uk/blog/2018/8/15/basilica-cathedral-of-santa-mara-la-menor-1","external_links_name":"\"Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor\""},{"Link":"https://www.5albemarleway.co.uk/blog/2018/8/15/basilica-cathedral-of-santa-mara-la-menor-1","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xv/la/apost_letters/documents/hf_ben-xv_apl_19200614_inter-americae.html","external_links_name":"\"BENEDICTUS PP. XV - LITTERAE APOSTOLICAE - INTER AMERICAE\""},{"Link":"https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2006/05/20/ciencia/1148152090.html","external_links_name":"\"Los restos de Colón de la Catedral de Sevilla son auténticos, según los investigadores de Granada\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140624023115/http://bibliotecavirtual.dgb.umich.mx:8083/jspui/handle/123456789/4956","external_links_name":"Doctoral Thesis about the construction of Santo Domingo's Cathedral (in Spanish)"},{"Link":"https://structurae.net/structures/20043006","external_links_name":"Structurae"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%E2%80%9376_Greek_Cup | 1975–76 Greek Football Cup | ["1 Calendar","2 Knockout phase","3 First round","4 Bracket","5 Second round","6 Round of 16","7 Quarter-finals","8 Semi-finals","9 Final","10 References","11 External links"] | Football tournament season
1975–76 Greek CupTournament detailsCountry GreeceTeams56Defending championsOlympiacosFinal positionsChampionsIraklis (1st title)Runner-upOlympiacosTournament statisticsMatches played54Top goal scorer(s)Christos ArdizoglouDimitrios GesiosMaik Galakos(5 goals each)← 1974–751976–77 →
The 1975–76 Greek Football Cup was the 34th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at AEK Stadium, on 9 June 1976. The match was contested by Iraklis and Olympiacos, with Iraklis winning by 6–5 on penalty shoot-out, after a 4–4 draw at the end of the extra time.
Calendar
Round
Date(s)
Fixtures
Clubs
New entries
First Round
2 November 1975
27
56 → 28
56
Second Round
8 February 1976
12
28 → 16
none
Round of 16
10 March 1976
8
16 → 8
none
Quarter-finals
21 April 1976
4
8 → 4
none
Semi-finals
12 May 1976
2
4 → 2
none
Final
9 June 1976
1
2 → 1
none
Knockout phase
In the knockout phase, teams play against each other over a single match. If the match ends up as a draw, extra time will be played. If a winner doesn't occur after the extra time the winner emerges by penalty shoot-out.The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:
There are no seedings, and teams from the same group can be drawn against each other.
First round
Team 1
Score
Team 2
Kastoria
0–3
Aris
Kavala
2–0 (w/o)
Panelefsiniakos
Panathinaikos
3–2
Almopos Aridea
AEL
2–1
Amfiali
Veria
2–2 (6–7 p)
Iraklis
Olympiacos Liosia
1–0
Panserraikos
Naoussa
2–1
Rodos
Xanthi
0–3
Doxa Drama
Chalkida
1–0
Korinthos
AEK Athens
7–0
PAO Agios Dimitrios
Panachaiki
3–1
Kalamata
Orfeas Egaleo
2–3 (a.e.t.)
Chania
Kozani
2–0
Egaleo
PAOK
4–0
Levadiakos
Anagennisi Karditsa
1–0
Atromitos Piraeus
Olympiacos Volos
4–0
Rigas Feraios
Fostiras
0–0 (6–5 p)
Apollon Athens
Trikala
3–1
Ethnikos Asteras
Ilisiakos
0–3
PAS Giannina
Atromitos
5–1
Panthrakikos
Olympiacos
3–0
Proodeftiki
Koropi
0–1
Panionios
Ionikos
3–2
Panarkadikos
Kampaniakos
0–0 (4–3 p)
Anagennisi Epanomi
Akrites Sykies
1–3
Ethnikos Piraeus
Panetolikos
2–1 (a.e.t.)
Pandramaikos
OFI
2–1
Lamia
A.F.C. Patra
0–1
Pierikos
Bracket
Second round
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
Panetolikos (bye)
Panetolikos (a.e.t.)
2
OFI
1
OFI
2
Atromitos
0
Panetolikos
1
Iraklis
7
Trikala (bye)
Trikala
0
Iraklis
1
Iraklis
1
Pierikos
0
Iraklis
3
Panathinaikos
2
Panathinaikos
2
Kavala
1
Panathinaikos
1
Chania
0
Chania (a.e.t.)
1
Kozani
0
Panathinaikos
3
Aris
1
Ionikos
0
Aris
2
Aris
3
AEL
1
Kampaniakos
1
AEL
4
Iraklis (p)
4(6)
Olympiacos
4(5)
Fostiras (bye)
Fostiras
2
Doxa Drama
1
Doxa Drama
2
Panachaiki
0
Fostiras
0
AEK Athens
1
AEK Athens
2
Anagennisi Karditsa
1
AEK Athens
6
Olympiacos Liosia
0
Naoussa
0
Olympiacos Liosia
1
AEK Athens
2
Olympiacos
3
Olympiacos
1
Ethnikos Piraeus
0
Olympiacos (p)
1(6)
PAOK
1(5)
PAOK
2
PAS Giannina
0
Olympiacos
3
Panionios
1
Chalkida (bye)
Chalkida
1
Panionios
2
Panionios (a.e.t.)
4
Olympiacos Volos
1
Second round
Team 1
Score
Team 2
PAOK
2–0
PAS Giannina
Ionikos
0–2
Aris
Kampaniakos
1–4
AEL
AEK Athens
2–1
Anagennisi Karditsa
Chania
1–0 (a.e.t.)
Kozani
Olympiacos
1–0
Ethnikos Piraeus
OFI
2–0
Atromitos
Doxa Drama
2–0
Panachaiki
Panionios
4–1 (a.e.t.)
Olympiacos Volos
Iraklis
1–0
Pierikos
Panathinaikos
2–1
Kavala
Naoussa
0–1
Olympiacos Liosia
Panetolikos
bye
Fostiras
bye
Trikala
bye
Chalkida
bye
Round of 16
Team 1
Score
Team 2
Trikala
0–1
Iraklis
Olympiacos
1–1 (6–5 p)
PAOK
Aris
3–1
AEL
Fostiras
2–1
Doxa Drama
Panetolikos
2–1 (a.e.t.)
OFI
Panathinaikos
1–0
Chania
AEK Athens
6–0
Olympiakos Neon Liosion
Chalkida
1–2
Panionios
Quarter-finals
Team 1
Score
Team 2
Panathinaikos
3–1
Aris
Olympiacos
3–1
Panionios
Fostiras
0–1
AEK Athens
Panetolikos
1–7
Iraklis
Semi-finals
Team 1
Score
Team 2
Iraklis
3–2
Panathinaikos
AEK Athens
2–3
Olympiacos
Final
The 32nd Greek Cup Final was played at the AEK Stadium.
9 June 1976
Iraklis4–4 (a.e.t.)Olympiacos
Hatzipanagis 25', 102'
Kousoulakis 72'
Gesios 111'
Report
Siokos 60'
Viera 81'
Karavitis 115'
Glezos 119'
Penalties
Sentelidis
Antonijević
Christoforidis
Pontikis
Hatzipanagis
Kousoulakis
Toumboglou
6–5
Kyrastas
Petros Karavitis
Stavropoulos
Vasilopoulos
Synetopoulos
Glezos
Siokos
AEK Stadium, Nea FiladelfiaReferee: Leonidas Vamvakopoulos (Athens)
GK
Grigoris Fanaras (c)
DF
Manolis Toumboglou
DF
Makis Sentelidis
DF
Charalambos Xanthopoulos
DF
Lazaros Kalaitzidis
MF
Zoran Antonijević
MF
Vangelis Kousoulakis
MF
Vasilis Hatzipanagis
FW
Thanasis Christoforidis
FW
Dimitrios Gesios
113'
FW
Nikos Pantazis
80'
Substitutes:
Giorgos Matsoukatidis
80'
Nikos Pontikis
113'
Manager:
Les Shannon
GK
Panagiotis Kelesidis
DF
Ioannis Kyrastas
DF
Thanasis Aggelis
DF
Vasilis Siokos (c)
DF
Lakis Glezos
MF
Petros Karavitis
MF
Milton Viera
91'
MF
Kostas Davourlis
112'
FW
Michalis Kritikopoulos
46'
FW
Maik Galakos
FW
Charalambos Stavropoulos
Substitutes:
DF
Takis Synetopoulos
46'
Giorgos Vasilopoulos
91'
Manager:
Georgios Darivas
MATCH OFFICIALS
Assistant referees:
Protonotarios
Kalamidis
MATCH RULES
90 minutes.
30 minutes of extra-time if necessary.
Penalty shoot-out if scores still level.
Two substitutes.
References
^ "Όταν ο Χατζηπαναγής απογείωνε τον Ηρακλή!". onsports.gr (in Greek). 9 June 2021.
^ "Kipello1971-1980" (PDF). epo.gr (in Greek). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2018.
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Loup_Delcroix | Jean-Loup Delcroix | ["1 Biography","1.1 Articles","1.2 Books","2 References"] | French physicist
Jean-Loup DelcroixBorn(1924-07-15)July 15, 1924VoironDiedMay 22, 2003(2003-05-22) (aged 78)ArpajonCitizenshipFranceAlma materENS Paris;University of ParisScientific careerFieldsphysicsInstitutionsParis-Sud University;
Jean-Loup Delcroix (1924–2003) was a French physicist, specializing in the physics of gases and plasmas.
Biography
Jean-Loup Delcroix received secondary education at Lycée Janson-de-Sailly in Paris and Lycée Champollion in Grenoble. He matriculated in 1944 at ENS Paris and graduated there in 1948 with outstanding rank in the agrégation in physics. He graduated in 1953 with a doctorate from the University of Paris. His thesis is entitled Étude des propriétés statiques des charges d'espace du type magnétron. Under the supervision of Yves Rocard, he participated in the construction and start-up of the linear accelerator at Orsay from 1952 until 1960. At Paris-Sud University he was a maître de conférences (MCF) from 1960 to 1965 and a professor from 1965 to 1990, when he retired as professor emeritus. In 1960 Delcroix formed Paris-Sud University's Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP), in association with the CNRS. He was the laboratory's director from 1960 to 1984. He made important contributions to the physics of gas discharges and low-temperature plasmas. During the early 1970s he led a research group on gas discharges with applications to gas laser physics.
At Paris-Sud University, Delcroix created in 1960 a graduate curriculum in plasma physics at the level of the diplôme d’études approfondies (DEA). His curriculum became a model at other French universities. His lectures on plasma physics formed the basis of three monographs originally published from 1959 to 1966. In 1961 with Jean-François Denisse, he published an important monograph on waves in plasmas. Delcroix, in collaboration with Abraham Bers (1930–2015), wrote a two-volume textbook entitled Physique des Plasmas, published in 1994.
From 1965 to 1976 Delcroix was the director of scientific research for the Direction des Recherches et Moyens d’Essai (D.R.M.E.), France's agency for development and coordination of military research. The D.R.M.E. was created in 1961 by Lucien Malavard (1910–1990). From 1978 to 1989 Delcroix was the Director General of the École supérieure d'électricité (Supélec). Under his directorship, Supélec expanded to three campuses and modernized its curriculum. From 1982 to 2003 he was France's representative to the Committee on Data of the International Science Council (CODATA). Beginning in 1975, Delacroix with several colleagues created and maintained GAPHYOR (GAz PHysique ORsay), a database and computerized retrieval system for atomic and molecular physics.
The French government appointed him Chevalier des Palmes académiques (1966), Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (1969), Commandeur de l'ordre national du Mérite (1984), and Officier de la Legion d'honneur (1989).
He and his first wife had a son and two daughters. After divorce from his first wife, J.-L. Delcroix remarried and became the stepfather of one child. He was predeceased by his second wife.
Articles
Bayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1954). "Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés. I" (PDF). Journal de Physique et le Radium. 15 (12): 795–803. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:019540015012079501.
Bayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1955). "Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés. II". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 16 (4): 274–280. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:01955001604027400.
Bayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1956). "Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés - III. l'Opérateur de collision dans le cas du gaz de Lorentz imparfait". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 17 (11): 923–930. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:019560017011092300.
Bayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1956). "Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés - IV. Étude de l'évolution de la partie isotrope de la fonction de distribution". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 17 (12): 1005–1009. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:0195600170120100500.
Bayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1956). "Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés - IV. Étude de l'évolution de la partie isotrope de la fonction de distribution". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 17 (12): 1005–1009. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:0195600170120100500.
Delcroix, J. L.; Minoo, H.; Trindade, A. R. (1969). "Gas Fed Multichannel Hollow Cathode Arcs". Review of Scientific Instruments. 40 (12): 1555–1562. Bibcode:1969RScI...40.1555D. doi:10.1063/1.1683861.
Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Trindade, Armando Rocha (1974). Hollow Cathode Arcs. Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics. Vol. 35. pp. 87–190. doi:10.1016/S0065-2539(08)60281-4. ISBN 9780120145355.
Delcroix, J.-L.; Matos-Ferreira, C.; Ricard, A. (1975). "Metastable atoms and molecules in ionized gases".
Ferreira, C. M.; Delcroix, J. L. (1978). "Theory of the hollow cathode arc". Journal of Applied Physics. 49 (4): 2380–2395. Bibcode:1978JAP....49.2380F. doi:10.1063/1.325126.
Books
Delcroix, J.-L. (1959). Introduction à la théorie des gaz ionisés.; translated into English: Introduction to the theory of ionized gases. Interscience Publishers. 1960. ASIN B0000CL0JM
Denisse, J.-F.; Delcroix, J.-L. (1961). Théorie des Ondes dans les Plasmas. Paris: Dunod.
Delcroix, J.-L. (1963). Physique des plasmas, Tome I.; translated into English: Plasma Physics. Wiley. 1965.
Delcroix, J.-L. (1966). Physique des plasmas, Tome I.; translated into English: Plasma Physics. Vol. II. Wiley. 1969.
with Abraham Bers: Physique des plasmas, EDP Sciences, 1994; tome 1. ISBN 2868833683. tome 2. ISBN 2868833691.
References
^ a b Delcroix, Jean-Loup – via BnF Catalogue général.
^ a b c d e f "Biographie Jean-Loup Delcroix Universitaire, Chercheur scientifique". Who's Who in France (in French).
^ a b c d e f g h i Bers, Abraham; Pointu, Anne-Marie; Bretagne, Jean (2004). "Jean-Loup Delcroix". Physics Today. 57 (7): 76. Bibcode:2004PhT....57g..76B. doi:10.1063/1.1784314.
^ Picinbono, Bernard (January 2004). "Jean-Loup Delcroix 1924-2003" (PDF). supelec.fr.
^ Delcroix, Jean-Loup (1954). Étude des propriétés statiques des charges d'espace du type magnétron (PDF). Paris: Masson.
^ "Abraham Bers, professor emeritus of electrical engineering, dies at 85". MIT News. September 16, 2015.
^ Vichney, Nicolas (1965-01-23). "La D.R.M.E. a établi un pont entre militaires et scientifiques" (PDF). Le Monde (in French).
^ Delcroix, J. L. (1977). "'GAPHYOR': A computerized retrieval system for the properties of atoms, molecules, gases and plasmas". International Nuclear Information System (INIS), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (inis.iaea.org).
^ Levitt, L. C. (1962). "Review of Théorie des Ondes dans les Plasmas, par J.-F. Denisse et J.-L. Delcroix". Physics Today. 15 (2): 58–59. Bibcode:1962PhT....15b..58D. doi:10.1063/1.3058026. p.59
^ Greene, John M. (1965). "Review of Plasma Physics by JL Delcroix". Science. 150 (3694): 331. doi:10.1126/science.150.3694.331.
^ Landshoff, Rolf (1970). "Review of Plasma Physics, Vol. 2 by J. L. Delcroix". Physics Today. 23 (3): 79. doi:10.1063/1.3022034.
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IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Jean-Loup Delcroix (1924–2003) was a French physicist, specializing in the physics of gases and plasmas.","title":"Jean-Loup Delcroix"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lycée Janson-de-Sailly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Janson-de-Sailly"},{"link_name":"Lycée Champollion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Champollion"},{"link_name":"Grenoble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoWho-2"},{"link_name":"ENS Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)"},{"link_name":"agrégation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"University of Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Paris"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Yves Rocard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Rocard"},{"link_name":"Orsay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsay"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoWho-2"},{"link_name":"Paris-Sud University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Sud_University"},{"link_name":"maître de conférences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre_de_conf%C3%A9rences"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoWho-2"},{"link_name":"CNRS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNRS"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"diplôme d’études approfondies (DEA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Advanced_Study#France_and_francophone_countries"},{"link_name":"Jean-François Denisse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Denisse"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"École supérieure d'électricité (Supélec)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sup%C3%A9lec"},{"link_name":"Committee on Data of the International Science Council (CODATA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Data_of_the_International_Science_Council"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoWho-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Chevalier des Palmes académiques","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_des_Palmes_acad%C3%A9miques"},{"link_name":"Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honour"},{"link_name":"Commandeur de l'ordre national du Mérite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_national_du_M%C3%A9rite"},{"link_name":"Officier de la Legion d'honneur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honour"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoWho-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PTobit-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WhoWho-2"}],"text":"Jean-Loup Delcroix received secondary education at Lycée Janson-de-Sailly in Paris and Lycée Champollion in Grenoble.[2] He matriculated in 1944 at ENS Paris and graduated there in 1948 with outstanding rank in the agrégation in physics.[3][4] He graduated in 1953 with a doctorate from the University of Paris. His thesis is entitled Étude des propriétés statiques des charges d'espace du type magnétron.[5] Under the supervision of Yves Rocard, he participated in the construction and start-up of the linear accelerator at Orsay from 1952 until 1960.[3][2] At Paris-Sud University he was a maître de conférences (MCF) from 1960 to 1965 and a professor from 1965 to 1990, when he retired as professor emeritus.[2] In 1960 Delcroix formed Paris-Sud University's Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP), in association with the CNRS. He was the laboratory's director from 1960 to 1984. He made important contributions to the physics of gas discharges and low-temperature plasmas. During the early 1970s he led a research group on gas discharges with applications to gas laser physics.[3]At Paris-Sud University, Delcroix created in 1960 a graduate curriculum in plasma physics at the level of the diplôme d’études approfondies (DEA). His curriculum became a model at other French universities. His lectures on plasma physics formed the basis of three monographs originally published from 1959 to 1966. In 1961 with Jean-François Denisse, he published an important monograph on waves in plasmas.[3] Delcroix, in collaboration with Abraham Bers (1930–2015),[6] wrote a two-volume textbook entitled Physique des Plasmas, published in 1994.[3]From 1965 to 1976 Delcroix was the director of scientific research for the Direction des Recherches et Moyens d’Essai (D.R.M.E.), France's agency for development and coordination of military research.[3] The D.R.M.E. was created in 1961 by Lucien Malavard (1910–1990).[7] From 1978 to 1989 Delcroix was the Director General of the École supérieure d'électricité (Supélec). Under his directorship, Supélec expanded to three campuses and modernized its curriculum. From 1982 to 2003 he was France's representative to the Committee on Data of the International Science Council (CODATA).[3] Beginning in 1975, Delacroix with several colleagues created and maintained GAPHYOR (GAz PHysique ORsay),[2][3] a database and computerized retrieval system for atomic and molecular physics.[8]The French government appointed him Chevalier des Palmes académiques (1966), Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (1969), Commandeur de l'ordre national du Mérite (1984), and Officier de la Legion d'honneur (1989).[2][3]He and his first wife had a son and two daughters. After divorce from his first wife, J.-L. Delcroix remarried and became the stepfather of one child. He was predeceased by his second wife.[2]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés. 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I\" (PDF). Journal de Physique et le Radium. 15 (12): 795–803. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:019540015012079501.\nBayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1955). \"Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés. II\". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 16 (4): 274–280. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:01955001604027400.\nBayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1956). \"Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés - III. l'Opérateur de collision dans le cas du gaz de Lorentz imparfait\". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 17 (11): 923–930. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:019560017011092300.\nBayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1956). \"Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés - IV. Étude de l'évolution de la partie isotrope de la fonction de distribution\". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 17 (12): 1005–1009. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:0195600170120100500.\nBayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1956). \"Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés - IV. Étude de l'évolution de la partie isotrope de la fonction de distribution\". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 17 (12): 1005–1009. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:0195600170120100500.\nDelcroix, J. L.; Minoo, H.; Trindade, A. R. (1969). \"Gas Fed Multichannel Hollow Cathode Arcs\". Review of Scientific Instruments. 40 (12): 1555–1562. Bibcode:1969RScI...40.1555D. doi:10.1063/1.1683861.\nDelcroix, Jean-Loup; Trindade, Armando Rocha (1974). Hollow Cathode Arcs. Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics. Vol. 35. pp. 87–190. doi:10.1016/S0065-2539(08)60281-4. ISBN 9780120145355.\nDelcroix, J.-L.; Matos-Ferreira, C.; Ricard, A. (1975). \"Metastable atoms and molecules in ionized gases\".\nFerreira, C. M.; Delcroix, J. L. (1978). \"Theory of the hollow cathode arc\". Journal of Applied Physics. 49 (4): 2380–2395. Bibcode:1978JAP....49.2380F. doi:10.1063/1.325126.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ASIN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number"},{"link_name":"B0000CL0JM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CL0JM"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2868833683","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2868833683"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2868833691","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2868833691"}],"sub_title":"Books","text":"Delcroix, J.-L. (1959). Introduction à la théorie des gaz ionisés.; translated into English: Introduction to the theory of ionized gases. Interscience Publishers. 1960. ASIN B0000CL0JM\nDenisse, J.-F.; Delcroix, J.-L. (1961). Théorie des Ondes dans les Plasmas. Paris: Dunod.[9]\nDelcroix, J.-L. (1963). Physique des plasmas, Tome I.; translated into English: Plasma Physics. Wiley. 1965.[10]\nDelcroix, J.-L. (1966). Physique des plasmas, Tome I.; translated into English: Plasma Physics. Vol. II. Wiley. 1969.[11]\nwith Abraham Bers: Physique des plasmas, EDP Sciences, 1994; tome 1. ISBN 2868833683. tome 2. ISBN 2868833691.","title":"Biography"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Bayet, Michel; Delcroix, Jean-Loup; Denisse, Jean-François (1954). \"Théorie cinétique des plasmas homogènes faiblement ionisés. I\" (PDF). 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Who's Who in France (in French).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.whoswho.fr/decede/biographie-jean-loup-delcroix_10979","url_text":"\"Biographie Jean-Loup Delcroix Universitaire, Chercheur scientifique\""}]},{"reference":"Bers, Abraham; Pointu, Anne-Marie; Bretagne, Jean (2004). \"Jean-Loup Delcroix\". Physics Today. 57 (7): 76. Bibcode:2004PhT....57g..76B. doi:10.1063/1.1784314.","urls":[{"url":"https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/57/7/76/917897/Jean-Loup-Delcroix","url_text":"\"Jean-Loup Delcroix\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhT....57g..76B","url_text":"2004PhT....57g..76B"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1784314","url_text":"10.1063/1.1784314"}]},{"reference":"Picinbono, Bernard (January 2004). \"Jean-Loup Delcroix 1924-2003\" (PDF). supelec.fr.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.supelec.fr/actu/JL_Delcroix_14-01-04.pdf","url_text":"\"Jean-Loup Delcroix 1924-2003\""}]},{"reference":"Delcroix, Jean-Loup (1954). Étude des propriétés statiques des charges d'espace du type magnétron (PDF). Paris: Masson.","urls":[{"url":"https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/48/064/48064467.pdf","url_text":"Étude des propriétés statiques des charges d'espace du type magnétron"}]},{"reference":"\"Abraham Bers, professor emeritus of electrical engineering, dies at 85\". MIT News. September 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.mit.edu/2015/abraham-bers-professor-emeritus-electrical-engineering-dies-0916","url_text":"\"Abraham Bers, professor emeritus of electrical engineering, dies at 85\""}]},{"reference":"Vichney, Nicolas (1965-01-23). \"La D.R.M.E. a établi un pont entre militaires et scientifiques\" (PDF). Le Monde (in French).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.histcnrs.fr/pdf/DRME.pdf","url_text":"\"La D.R.M.E. a établi un pont entre militaires et scientifiques\""}]},{"reference":"Delcroix, J. L. (1977). \"'GAPHYOR': A computerized retrieval system for the properties of atoms, molecules, gases and plasmas\". International Nuclear Information System (INIS), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (inis.iaea.org).","urls":[{"url":"https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:9358935","url_text":"\"'GAPHYOR': A computerized retrieval system for the properties of atoms, molecules, gases and plasmas\""}]},{"reference":"Levitt, L. C. (1962). \"Review of Théorie des Ondes dans les Plasmas, par J.-F. Denisse et J.-L. Delcroix\". Physics Today. 15 (2): 58–59. Bibcode:1962PhT....15b..58D. doi:10.1063/1.3058026.","urls":[{"url":"https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article-abstract/15/2/58/422722/Theorie-des-Ondes-dans-les-Plasmas","url_text":"\"Review of Théorie des Ondes dans les Plasmas, par J.-F. Denisse et J.-L. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaarso_School_of_Science_and_Technology | Abaarso School of Science and Technology | ["1 History","2 Academics","3 Campus","4 Student life","5 Extracurricular activities","5.1 Athletics","6 Community service","6.1 Orphanage tutoring","6.2 Primary tutoring","7 Notable alumni","8 See also","9 References","10 External links"] | Coordinates: 9°36′54″N 43°52′27″E / 9.6150°N 43.8742°E / 9.6150; 43.8742Independent, boarding school in Hargeisa, SomalilandAbaarso School of Science and TechnologyAddressAbaarso VillageHargeisaSomalilandInformationTypeIndependent, BoardingEstablished2009FounderJonathan StarrChairmanAhmed JambirHeadmasterTrudy HallGrades7–12Enrollment272Color(s)Red and off-white Athletics+10 sportsWebsiteabaarsoschool.org
Abaarso School of Science and Technology (Abaarso School) is a non-profit, co-educational boarding school in Abaarso, located in Maroodi Jeex, Somaliland. Its campus lies 18 km (11 mi) west of the provincial capital of Hargeisa. Abaarso was only a secondary school until 2013, when it first began to run an intermediate school as well. The school now ranges from grades 7-12, with a post-graduate option. There are approximately 120 students in the upper school and 98 in the lower school.
In 2014, Abaarso School was awarded Candidacy for Accreditation status from the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC).
History
Abaarso School was founded in 2009 by Jonathan Starr, an American former finance executive. After donating half a million dollars of his own money, he gathered an international teaching staff. Within six years, the school has sent over 60 of its students to elite prep schools and colleges, including Amherst, Georgetown, MIT and Harvard.
Academics
Admissions are test-based and have become increasingly more selective with each passing year. In the 2015–2016 school year, Abaarso had a competitive 9% acceptance rate for the seventh grade. The school enrolls students from across the country, and occasionally the Somali diaspora.
Abaarso provides six years of practical and culturally relevant education, taught entirely in English, with the exception of the Islamic Studies/Arabic courses and the Somali courses, to meet Somaliland's educational standards. Students at Abaarso School undergo a rigorous 30-hours-per-week schedule mainly focused on mathematics, English, and logical thinking. The curriculum is based on the American system, and is tailored to bring the students up to speed with their most competitive peers around the world, in addition to holding to students to extremely high standards of academics and behavior.
Campus
The campus includes a school building, 39 staff boarding units, separate boys’ and girls’ dormitories, mosque, cafeteria, computer and chemistry laboratories, training center, a large library containing 30,000 books, football field, basketball, volleyball and tennis courts, girls’ sports compound with a basketball court and soccer field, and multiple guard towers.
In 2014, Abaarso was awarded a grant from American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA) that has given the school the opportunity to build new facilities, including classrooms, computer and tablet labs, dorms, and staff housing.
In 2015, ASHA granted Abaarso $879,225 to further expand and update facilities.
Student life
Students are assigned work-times, with the aim of creating a sense of responsibility in maintaining the school environment. These assignments are student-led, such as Operation Green, a group tasked with cultivating and managing the school gardens.
Additionally, there is a Student Council, a collection of students spanning multiple grade-levels that seeks to promote student interests on campus.
Extracurricular activities
Abaarso provides an assortment of extracurricular activities for student participation. Clubs are led by teachers. These comprise computer programming, chess, science, health, public speaking, debate, creative writing, improv and drama. The drama club produces one play per academic term.
Athletics
A variety of athletic activities are offered at Abaarso. These activities include basketball, football, running, and fitness training.
Community service
Abaarso School offers a number of community services for the students perform. These programs include tutoring at the Hargeisa Orphanage and an afternoon primary school program.
Orphanage tutoring
Four days a week, tutors from Abaarso go to the Hargeisa Orphanage Center to teach orphans (ranging from 5-year-olds to 19-year-olds) a series of math, English, and logic classes designed to augment the courses offered by the local schools. Since the program's start, Abaarso School has given full scholarships to nine students directly from the Hargeisa Orphanage.
Primary tutoring
In the afternoon, for five days a week, Abaarso accommodates a primary tutoring program. Abaarso students tutor local children in math and English. Since 2013, Abaarso has awarded five students from the village with scholarships.
Notable alumni
Ubah Ali - anti-FGM activist
See also
List of schools in Somaliland
Education in Somaliland
List of schools in Somaliland
References
^ Petroff, Alanna (April 21, 2016). "Somaliland to Ivy League: How one African school gets kids into top U.S. universities". CNNMoney.
^ "Somaliland to Harvard: How this student beat the odds". CNN Money. CNN. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ "From Somaliland to Harvard". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ "Abaarso Tech; an outstanding Campus of Knowledge & self discipline". The Bridge Magazine. Somaliland edu. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
^ "The American People Supporting Facilities Modernization at The Abaarso School in Somaliland". Business Wire. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ a b "Community Service". Abaarso School of Science and Technology. Abaarso School of Science and Technology. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
External links
Official website
vteUniversities in SomalilandAwdal Region
Amoud University
Eelo University
Aljazeera Technology Institute
Adal Medical University
Sanaag Region
East Africa University
Maakhir University
Queen of Sheba University
Sanaag University of Science and Technology
Gollis University
Sool Region
Nugal University
Gollis University
Ilays National University
Sahan University
Togdheer Region
Burao University
Gollis University
Maroodi Jeex Region
Abaarso Tech University
Admas University College
Gollis University
Mount Kenya University
Hope University
Somaliland University of Technology
University of Hargeisa
Civil Service Institute
Edna Adan University
Frantz Fanon University
New Generation University College
Category
Commons
List
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Pinn | Robert Pinn | ["1 Early life","2 Career","2.1 Military service","2.2 Medal of Honor citation","2.3 Later career","3 Personal life","4 Legacy","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"] | United States Army Medal of Honor recipient (1843–1911)
Robert Alexander PinnFirst Sergeant Robert PinnBorn(1843-03-01)March 1, 1843Perry Township, Stark County, Ohio, U.S.DiedJanuary 5, 1911(1911-01-05) (aged 67)Place of burialMassillon City CemeteryMassillon, Ohio, U.S.AllegianceUnited States of AmericaUnionService/branchUnited States ArmyUnion ArmyYears of service1863-1865RankFirst SergeantUnit5th U.S. Colored Infantry RegimentBattles/wars
American Civil War
Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Chaffin's Farm (WIA)
Battle of Fort Harrison
AwardsMedal of HonorSignature
Robert Alexander Pinn (March 1, 1843 – January 5, 1911) was an African American Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm.
Early life
Robert A. Pinn was born on March 1, 1843, in Perry Township, Stark County, Ohio, to Zilphia (née Broxon) and William Pinn. His father was from Fauquier County, Virginia, and was born a slave. His mother was of English ancestry and was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania. His father worked as a farmer and blacksmith. Pinn grew up on the family farm and at the age of 11 started to learn the trade of broom manufacturer.
Career
Military service
In 1861, Pinn joined the 19th Ohio Infantry Regiment as a civilian worker under Major Surgeon Hurxthal during the Civil War, but did not enlist since black troops were not allowed to enlist. He was at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. He then enlisted in June 1863 and joined Company I of the 5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment, also called the 127th Ohio. He was appointed sergeant on October 18, 1863, and later as first sergeant on February 29, 1864. He marched from Norfolk, Virginia, and fought guerilla forces in southern Virginia and North Carolina. He was also at the battles of Chaffin's Farm and New Market Heights and Fort Harrison. He was wounded on September 29, 1864, while leading his company against the enemy's works in Richmond during the Battle of Chaffin's Farm. He was wounded three times: once in the left thigh, the left leg and the right shoulder. The wound to his shoulder left his arm disabled. He received the Medal of Honor for his service at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm. He was awarded the Medal of Honor six months later, on April 6, 1865. He was discharged from service on September 20, 1865, in Carolina City and returned to Stark County.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and Organization:
First Sergeant, Company I, 5th U.S. Colored Troops. Place and date: At Chapins Farm, Va., September 29, 1864. Entered service at: Massillon, Ohio. Born: March 1, 1843, Stark County, Ohio. Date of issue: April 6, 1865.
Citation:
Took command of his company after all the officers had been killed or wounded and gallantly led it in battle.
Later career
After returning to Ohio, Pinn worked in teaming and contracting until the spring of 1874. He then sold his business and studied at Oberlin Academy from 1874 to 1876 and Oberlin College from 1876 to 1877. He read law with Professor Thomas. He also attended law school in South Carolina. He served as principal of Cairo High School and taught school in Illinois and South Carolina. He finished studying law with R. H. Folger in Massillon. He was admitted to the bar in 1879 and started to practice law. He was a pensions and claims agent for the U.S. Pension Bureau. He was the first black attorney in Stark County.
Pinn was a Republican. He served as a delegate at the state convention that nominated William McKinley as governor. He ran for justice of the peace of Perry Township in 1901. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.). He was elected as commander of the Hart Post No. 134 in 1886 and was elected as junior vice commander of the Ohio department of the G.A.R. in 1888
Personal life
Pinn married Emily J. Manzilla of Mahoning County in 1867. They had a daughter, Grace R. (died 1938). His wife died in 1890. He owned eighty acres in Tuscarawas Township and had a home at 96 Akron Street in Massillon. He could speak German fluently.
Pinn died in 1911, at age 67, and was buried in Massillon City Cemetery in Massillon.
Legacy
In 1973, the Ohio National Guard named its new armory in Stow, Ohio, in his honor. It was the first armory in Ohio named after a black soldier.
In 1998, the shooting facility at the University of Akron was renamed the Robert A. Pinn Shooting Range in his honor. The range, used by the university's ROTC component and NCAA rifle team, is one of the premier shooting facilities in the state of Ohio.
See also
Biography portalAmerican Civil War portalUnited States portal
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: M–P
List of African American Medal of Honor recipients
Melvin Claxton and Mark Puls, Uncommon valor : a story of race, patriotism, and glory in the final battles of the Civil War, (Wiley, 2006) (ISBN 0471468231)
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Portrait and Biographical Record of Stark County, Ohio. Chapman Bros. 1892. pp. 251–252. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Archive.org.
^ a b c d e f g Mann, Joshua (2012-02-22). "Stow armory named for U.S. Colored Troops hero during Civil War". Archived from the original on 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
^ Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1866. Vol. 1. The Werner Company. 1893. p. 618. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Archive.org.
^ a b c d Nielsen, Kim E. (2012). A Disability History of the United States. pp. 81–82. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Archive.org.
^ a b c d e "A Fine Record". The Massillon Independent. 1901-03-25. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Archive.org.
^ The Ebony Handbook. Johnson Publishing Company. 1974. p. 207. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Archive.org.
^ "Civil War Medal of Honor recipients (M-Z)". Medal of Honor citations. United States Army Center of Military History. August 3, 2009. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
^ a b c "Civil War Hero Honored". Oberlin Alumni Magazine (September/October 1972 ed.). 1972. p. 33. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Archive.org.
^ Shaffer, Donald R. (2004). After the Glory: The Struggles of Black Civil War Veterans. University Press of Kansas. p. 157. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Archive.org.
^ "Robert A. Pinn Shooting Range". University of Akron. 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robert Pinn.
"Robert Pinn". Claim to Fame: Medal of Honor recipients. Find a Grave. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
"Robert Pinn". Hall of Valor. Military Times. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
"PINN, ROBERT, Civil War Medal of Honor recipient". American Civil War website. 2007-11-08. Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
Authority control databases
SNAC | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American"},{"link_name":"Union Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Medal of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"Battle of Chaffin's Farm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chaffin%27s_Farm"}],"text":"Robert Alexander Pinn (March 1, 1843 – January 5, 1911) was an African American Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm.","title":"Robert Pinn"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Perry Township, Stark County, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Township,_Stark_County,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Fauquier County, Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Mercer County, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_County,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"}],"text":"Robert A. Pinn was born on March 1, 1843, in Perry Township, Stark County, Ohio, to Zilphia (née Broxon) and William Pinn.[1][citation needed] His father was from Fauquier County, Virginia, and was born a slave. His mother was of English ancestry and was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania. His father worked as a farmer and blacksmith.[1] Pinn grew up on the family farm and at the age of 11 started to learn the trade of broom manufacturer.[1]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"19th Ohio Infantry Regiment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_Ohio_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"Battle of Shiloh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ong-2"},{"link_name":"5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_United_States_Colored_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"Norfolk, Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Chaffin's Farm and New Market Heights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chaffin%27s_Farm"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ong-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-disability-4"},{"link_name":"Richmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-candidate-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-disability-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-candidate-5"},{"link_name":"Medal of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Stark County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark_County,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"}],"sub_title":"Military service","text":"In 1861, Pinn joined the 19th Ohio Infantry Regiment as a civilian worker under Major Surgeon Hurxthal during the Civil War, but did not enlist since black troops were not allowed to enlist. He was at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862.[1][2] He then enlisted in June 1863 and joined Company I of the 5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment, also called the 127th Ohio. He was appointed sergeant on October 18, 1863, and later as first sergeant on February 29, 1864. He marched from Norfolk, Virginia, and fought guerilla forces in southern Virginia and North Carolina. He was also at the battles of Chaffin's Farm and New Market Heights and Fort Harrison.[1][2][3][4] He was wounded on September 29, 1864, while leading his company against the enemy's works in Richmond during the Battle of Chaffin's Farm. He was wounded three times: once in the left thigh, the left leg and the right shoulder.[1][5] The wound to his shoulder left his arm disabled.[4][5] He received the Medal of Honor for his service at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm. He was awarded the Medal of Honor six months later, on April 6, 1865.[6] He was discharged from service on September 20, 1865, in Carolina City and returned to Stark County.[1]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AMOHW-7"}],"sub_title":"Medal of Honor citation","text":"Rank and Organization:First Sergeant, Company I, 5th U.S. Colored Troops. Place and date: At Chapins Farm, Va., September 29, 1864. Entered service at: Massillon, Ohio. Born: March 1, 1843, Stark County, Ohio. Date of issue: April 6, 1865.Citation:Took command of his company after all the officers had been killed or wounded and gallantly led it in battle.[7]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Oberlin College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberlin_College"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oberlin-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ong-2"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Massillon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massillon,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"admitted to the bar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ong-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oberlin-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ong-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-disability-4"},{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"William McKinley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-candidate-5"},{"link_name":"Grand Army of the Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-candidate-5"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"sub_title":"Later career","text":"After returning to Ohio, Pinn worked in teaming and contracting until the spring of 1874. He then sold his business and studied at Oberlin Academy from 1874 to 1876 and Oberlin College from 1876 to 1877. He read law with Professor Thomas.[1] He also attended law school in South Carolina.[8] He served as principal of Cairo High School and taught school in Illinois and South Carolina.[2][citation needed] He finished studying law with R. H. Folger in Massillon. He was admitted to the bar in 1879 and started to practice law. He was a pensions and claims agent for the U.S. Pension Bureau.[1][2][8] He was the first black attorney in Stark County.[2][4]Pinn was a Republican. He served as a delegate at the state convention that nominated William McKinley as governor.[1] He ran for justice of the peace of Perry Township in 1901.[5] He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.). He was elected as commander of the Hart Post No. 134 in 1886 and was elected as junior vice commander of the Ohio department of the G.A.R. in 1888[5][9]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mahoning County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoning_County,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-disability-4"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Tuscarawas Township","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarawas_Township,_Stark_County,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-portrait-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-candidate-5"},{"link_name":"Massillon City Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massillon_City_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ong-2"}],"text":"Pinn married Emily J. Manzilla of Mahoning County in 1867. They had a daughter, Grace R. (died 1938). His wife died in 1890.[1][4][citation needed] He owned eighty acres in Tuscarawas Township and had a home at 96 Akron Street in Massillon.[1] He could speak German fluently.[5]Pinn died in 1911, at age 67, and was buried in Massillon City Cemetery in Massillon.[2]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stow, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stow,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ong-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oberlin-8"},{"link_name":"University of Akron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Akron"},{"link_name":"ROTC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps"},{"link_name":"NCAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"In 1973, the Ohio National Guard named its new armory in Stow, Ohio, in his honor. It was the first armory in Ohio named after a black soldier.[2][8]In 1998, the shooting facility at the University of Akron was renamed the Robert A. Pinn Shooting Range in his honor. The range, used by the university's ROTC component and NCAA rifle team, is one of the premier shooting facilities in the state of Ohio.[10]","title":"Legacy"}] | [{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Medal_of_honor_old.jpg/80px-Medal_of_honor_old.jpg"}] | [{"title":"Biography portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography"},{"title":"American Civil War portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War"},{"title":"United States portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States"},{"title":"List of Medal of Honor recipients","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients"},{"title":"List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: M–P","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_Medal_of_Honor_recipients:_M%E2%80%93P#P"},{"title":"List of African American Medal of Honor recipients","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_American_Medal_of_Honor_recipients"},{"title":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"title":"0471468231","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0471468231"}] | [{"reference":"Portrait and Biographical Record of Stark County, Ohio. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Remiro | Joe Remiro | ["1 Early life","2 Military service and Vietnam","3 Return and VVAW","4 Symbionese Liberation Army","5 Assassination of Marcus Foster","6 Arrest","7 Detention","8 Sentencing","9 Personal life","10 1975 trial for Foster and Blackburn","11 References"] | Joe RemiroBorn1947 (age 76–77)San Francisco, California, U.S.Alma materSan Francisco City College (did not graduate)Known forMember of the Symbionese Liberation ArmyCriminal charge(s)Life imprisonment for murder and attempted murder
Joseph Michael Remiro (born 1947) is an American convicted murderer and one of the founding members of the Symbionese Liberation Army in the early fall of 1973. It was an American leftist terrorist group based in the Bay Area of California. He used the pseudonym or nom de guerre "Bo" while he was a member of the group.
Remiro remains incarcerated, serving a life sentence for the November 1973 murder of Marcus Foster, Superintendent of the Oakland Public Schools. The only member of the Symbionese Liberation Army still incarcerated, he has been denied parole at least eleven times.
Early life
Remiro was born in 1947 and raised in San Francisco in a lower-middle-class family of Italian and Mexican ancestry. He attended Roman Catholic schools and was raised in the faith.
He began to attend San Francisco City College, but dropped out in 1965. He enlisted in the US Army.
Military service and Vietnam
Remiro was assigned to Long-range reconnaissance patrol (LRRP). He served two tours in Vietnam as a member of the 101st Airborne Division. He had training as an auto mechanic and in weaponry. He participated in search and destroy missions in Vietnam, where he became addicted to drugs.
Return and VVAW
When Remiro returned from service, he joined Vietnam Veterans Against the War. He also joined the more radical organization Venceremos, which had many Chicano or Mexican-American members and was militating for civil rights for its people.
He also became involved with the Black Cultural Association, a prisoner outreach and education program for inmates at the Vacaville psychiatric prison in California. Lastly, Remiro became involved at Peking House, a Maoist collective where he became best friends with Russ Little. Through these connections he also became friendly with Willie Wolfe and Angela Atwood.
This small group became founding members of the Symbionese Liberation Army, along with Donald DeFreeze, Patricia Soltysik, Nancy Ling Perry, Thero Wheeler, Mary Alice Siem, Camilla Hall, and married couple Bill and Emily Harris. All but DeFreeze and Remiro were white, and many from middle-class or upper-middle-class backgrounds. They had been radicalized at University of California, Berkeley, or by associates in northern California.
Symbionese Liberation Army
In the spring of 1973 Donald DeFreeze escaped from Soledad Prison and made his way to Oakland. He sought shelter at Peking House with white contacts from the Black Cultural Association. Concerned about surveillance at their high-profile, Maoist radical commune, they moved DeFreeze to a less well-known house in Concord, which was rented by Nancy Ling Perry. Patricia Soltysik was also living there. DeFreeze, who may have been an informant setting up sting operations, offered guns, explosives, and related supplies for sale to radicals he came into contact with.
Veteran Remiro used his knowledge of weaponry to train the small group of affiliated radicals into an armed force. He trained the other members in target practice, as well as the use, maintenance and dismantling of weaponry.
During that period the group was joined by Thero Wheeler, a former Black Panther who knew DeFreeze from the BCA in Vacaville. He had escaped from prison in August 1973. The group seemed increasingly committed to armed violence and preparing for action, which Wheeler opposed.
With the internal opposition cleared out of the way after Wheeler left, the SLA prepared for its first action, the assassination of Marcus Foster, Superintendent of Oakland Public Schools. Purportedly DeFreeze urged the action to gain attention and reduce competition in the city. (SLA members later testified that DeFreeze, Perry and Soltysik were responsible for the shooting of Foster and his deputy.)
Remiro and Russell Little were arrested in January 1974 after an unrelated confrontation with police. They were convicted of charges of murder in the shootings: Foster was killed and his deputy wounded.
Assassination of Marcus Foster
The SLA selected Superintendent of Oakland Schools Marcus Foster and his deputy Robert Blackburn as their first assassination targets, denouncing them as "fascist" for supporting issuance of ID cards for Oakland students to keep non-student drug dealers off of campuses. Foster's proposal was a compromise offered in response to more intrusive proposals supported by more conservative players in Oakland city and school politics. The assassination was carried out on November 6, 1973, as Foster and Blackburn left an Oakland School Board meeting. Foster was killed by five cyanide-packed bullets and Blackburn was badly wounded by a shotgun blast. Although there were no eyewitnesses who could identify the assailants, circumstantial evidence discovered in January 1974 implicated Joe Remiro and Russ Little in the murder.
The killing of Oakland's first black school superintendent outraged many blacks and other leftists.
“Black folks have never been given enough power in this country to be No. 1 on anybody's hit list. Why Foster? Why not the head of Standard Oil of California, or Union Oil or Bank of America? By what standards do you kill one of the few black superintendents of schools in the country? You go down on East 14th Street in Oakland and explain it to the people, because the SLA hasn't bothered!” said Carolyn Craven, a black reporter with strong leftist sympathies.
Speculation circulated through leftist publications that the previously unknown group who assassinated a popular liberal figure was a right-wing false flag operation.
Arrest
On January 10, 1974, Remiro and Russell Little were apprehended by police, as they were driving suspiciously in a quiet neighborhood in Concord, California at 1.30am in a battered van. Little showed the officer a fake license and claimed he was looking for the "Devoto" home. However, Little had been staying there for several weeks with Nancy Ling Perry, who had rented the house under the assumed name. When the officer asked the passenger to identify himself, Remiro grabbed a holstered pistol. The officer took cover behind his car. When the officer peered out from cover, Remiro fired two rounds at the policeman, who fired two shots back at him. Remiro took cover and then emerged again, firing three more rounds at the officer, who again fired twice at Remiro. Although neither Remiro or the officer were hit, Little was wounded during the shootout. Remiro fled the scene as police arrested Little.
Four hours later, Remiro surrendered a block from the SLA hideout. Officers found the Walther automatic pistol that had been used in the murder of Marcus Foster. Since Little had mentioned the name Devoto, it was presumed by the SLA that it was only a matter of time before police would discover their hideout. That evening the house was doused with gasoline and sprinkled with gunpowder. Nancy Ling Perry was seen driving rapidly away.
Detention
As soon as Remiro and Little were booked into Concord City Jail, an extra shift of guards was called in to surround the building. No one got in or out without being thoroughly checked. The two were transferred almost immediately to Contra Costa County Jail, where armed guards on the roof were joined by extra street patrols. New and more serious charges were filed against the pair, bringing their bail to almost $750,000 each. Not wanting to allow any chance for escape or for an assisted breakout, it was decided that Remiro and Little would be transferred to California's most secure penitentiary, San Quentin prison. This move was unprecedented, as suspects are presumed innocent until proven guilty, and only the guilty are housed in penitentiaries.
On February 17, 1974, Little and Remiro attempted to release a statement to the public with some of their grievances. This was seized by prison authorities but found its way to the media in March. They said that they were being held in isolation, "the hole" on Death Row, were not adequately fed, and other claims of harassment, intimidation and violence. They claimed that this was by direction of the FBI.
In late February 1974, Little's father, O. Jack Little, made a statement to the media and to other SLA members. He offered to take Patty Hearst's place as a kidnap victim. Part of his statement read:
If Russ Little and Joe Remiro are innocent in the Foster murder and are in fact victims of a police state, then how in heaven's name can the kidnapping and threatened execution of Patricia Hearst have any significance to Russ and Joe but to sustain their indictment? ... Seeing as Russ is the only son I have, at least you could have the satisfaction of knowing that you had been instrumental in the destruction of not only Russell but of his whole family. I beg you to think about it, and please agree to release that child unharmed.
Sentencing
In February 1975, the jury in the murder and attempted murder trial of Remiro and Little sent a note to the judge that it had been unable to reach a verdict in the case. A new jury was selected. It convicted both men.
On June 27, 1975, Little and Remiro were sentenced to life imprisonment for murder and the attempted murder of Foster's assistant, Robert Blackburn. There was no positive eyewitness identifications of either man at the murder scene, and considerable circumstantial evidence, including possession of the murder weapon, was relied upon. The pair was also sentenced for the shooting incident that occurred on their apprehension, as well as an assault that occurred on a prison officer in January 1974.
Personal life
Remiro has one son, Joshua Poole. Poole has married three times and has a daughter by each wife.
1975 trial for Foster and Blackburn
Rudy Henderson, a former boss of Nancy Ling Perry, testified at the 1975 trial that Ling Perry had confessed to him prior to her death in 1974 that she, DeFreeze, Wolfe, and two other members who were killed in the Los Angeles shootout had shot Foster.
On February 18, 1976 Patty Hearst at her armed robbery trial testified that she had been told that Little and Remiro were waiting in the car while Foster was killed by other members. But Bill Harris said that neither had been at the ambush. Little and Remiro released a statement through their attorney saying that Hearst was "lying" about their involvement.
On February 28, 1979, Little's conviction was overturned by the California Court of Appeal. The three-judge panel on the Appeal Court said one of their reasons for overturning his conviction was that Superior Court judge Elvin Sheehy had issued a "dynamite charge" to a deadlocked jury. This charge asks holdout jurors to reevaluate their decision and urges them to reach a conclusion. In 1977, the California Supreme Court ruled that this dynamite charge prejudiced the right to a fair jury trial. One of the Justices at Little's appeal argued that Remiro's conviction should also be overturned. In June 1981, Little was acquitted in a retrial of the Foster/Blackburn case in Monterey County.
After winning his freedom, Little said, "Who actually pulled the trigger that killed Foster was Mizmoon . Nancy was supposed to shoot Blackburn, she kind of botched that and DeFreeze ended up shooting him with a shotgun."
In 1988, Bill Harris said that he continued to believe in the innocence of both Little and Remiro for the Foster/Blackburn attack.
Remiro remains in Pelican Bay State Prison where he is serving a life sentence. He is the only member of the SLA still in prison, having been denied parole more than eleven times.
References
^ a b c Bulwa, Dan, "For paralyzed meth addict worst is over", San Francisco Gate, December 4, 2009
^ a b Franks, Lucinda, "This Soldier Still At War", The New York Times, June 15, 1975
^ "The Revolt of SLA's Joe Remiro"], (book review of 'This Soldier Still at War')". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California. August 2, 1975. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
^ a b "The Symbionese Liberation Army: A Study", United States Congress House Committee on Internal Security, US Govt Printing Office, p 5.
^ a b c McLellan, Vin, "The Man and the Mystery behind the SLA Terror", People magazine, April 29, 1974
^ Bryan, John, "This Soldier Still at War", Harcourt Bruce Jovanovich, 1975, ISBN 0-15-190060-4.
^ Kifner, John (May 17, 1974). "Cinque: A Dropout Who Has Been in Constant Trouble". New York Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
^ Headley, L and Hoffman, W, Vegas P.I.: The Life and Times of America's Greatest Detective, Thunder's Mouth, 1993
^ Rieterman, T (Associated Press), "They thought he was a kidnapper", The Free Lance Star, January 7, 1976, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19760107&id=TuJNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XYsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7366,650988&hl=en
^ Davidson, Sara, "Notes from the Land of the Cobra", The New York Times, June 2, 1974
^ Burrough, Bryan, "Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence", Penguin, 2015
^ http://freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/DOC514_scans/514.SLA.RussLittle.JoeRomero.Statement.pdf
^ "Aid for Miss Hearst Hinted by Prisoners", The New York Times, March 7, 1974
^ "Seven Sought in Hearst Kidnaping", The Progress, (Clearfield, Pennsylvania), Feb 11, 1974, p7.
^ a b "Jury Unable to Reach Verdict in SLA Case", The New York Times, February 19, 1976
^ "Scrutiny of Trial Audience is Opposed by ACLU", The New York Times, April 15, 1975
^ "2 in Symbionese Army Get Life In Oakland School Head's Death", The New York Times, June 28, 1975
^ "Two Found Guilty in Coast Murder", The New York Times, June 10, 1975
^ Turner Wallace, "4 Say wrong SLA members were convicted in killing", The New York Times, April 4, 1976
^ "Murder Conviction of SLA 'Soldier' Overturned", The New York Times, February 28, 1979
^ Around the Nation: Russell Little is Acquitted of Slaying on Coast in 1973. The New York Times. June 5, 1981. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
^ "American Experience | Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst | Transcript". PBS. Archived from the original on October 3, 2005. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ "Hearst kidnapping called inept caper", Santa Cruz Sentinel, October 17, 1988
^ "SLA convict denied parole again". East Bay Times. October 8, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
vteSymbionese Liberation ArmyFounding members
Donald DeFreeze
Angela Atwood
Patricia Soltysik
Camilla Hall
Nancy Ling Perry
Joe Remiro
Emily Harris
Willie Wolfe
Thero Wheeler
Mary Alice Siem
Bill Harris
Russ Little
Gary Atwood
Later members
Wendy Yoshimura
Kathleen Soliah
Patty Hearst
James Kilgore
Michael Bortin
Victims
Marcus Foster
Myrna Opsahl | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Symbionese Liberation Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbionese_Liberation_Army"},{"link_name":"Marcus Foster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Foster"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sfgate.com-1"},{"link_name":"Symbionese Liberation Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbionese_Liberation_Army"}],"text":"Joseph Michael Remiro (born 1947) is an American convicted murderer and one of the founding members of the Symbionese Liberation Army in the early fall of 1973. It was an American leftist terrorist group based in the Bay Area of California. He used the pseudonym or nom de guerre \"Bo\" while he was a member of the group.Remiro remains incarcerated, serving a life sentence for the November 1973 murder of Marcus Foster, Superintendent of the Oakland Public Schools.[1] The only member of the Symbionese Liberation Army still incarcerated, he has been denied parole at least eleven times.","title":"Joe Remiro"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"San Francisco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nytfranks-2"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-soldier-3"},{"link_name":"San Francisco City College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_San_Francisco"},{"link_name":"US Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Army"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SLAstudy-4"}],"text":"Remiro was born in 1947 and raised in San Francisco in a lower-middle-class family of Italian and Mexican ancestry.[2] He attended Roman Catholic schools and was raised in the faith.[3]He began to attend San Francisco City College, but dropped out in 1965. He enlisted in the US Army.[4]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Long-range reconnaissance patrol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-range_reconnaissance_patrol"},{"link_name":"101st Airborne Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SLAstudy-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-people.com-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Remiro was assigned to Long-range reconnaissance patrol (LRRP). He served two tours in Vietnam as a member of the 101st Airborne Division.[4] He had training as an auto mechanic and in weaponry.[5] He participated in search and destroy missions in Vietnam, where he became addicted to drugs.[6]","title":"Military service and Vietnam"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vietnam Veterans Against the War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Against_the_War"},{"link_name":"Venceremos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venceremos_(political_organization)"},{"link_name":"Black Cultural Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Cultural_Association"},{"link_name":"Vacaville psychiatric prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Medical_Facility"},{"link_name":"Russ Little","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbionese_Liberation_Army"},{"link_name":"Willie Wolfe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Wolfe"},{"link_name":"Angela Atwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Atwood"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-people.com-5"},{"link_name":"Symbionese Liberation Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbionese_Liberation_Army"},{"link_name":"Donald DeFreeze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_DeFreeze"},{"link_name":"Patricia Soltysik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Soltysik"},{"link_name":"Nancy Ling Perry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Ling_Perry"},{"link_name":"Thero Wheeler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thero_Wheeler"},{"link_name":"Mary Alice Siem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Alice_Siem"},{"link_name":"Camilla Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Hall"},{"link_name":"Bill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harris_(Symbionese_Liberation_Army)"},{"link_name":"Emily Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Harris"}],"text":"When Remiro returned from service, he joined Vietnam Veterans Against the War. He also joined the more radical organization Venceremos, which had many Chicano or Mexican-American members and was militating for civil rights for its people.He also became involved with the Black Cultural Association, a prisoner outreach and education program for inmates at the Vacaville psychiatric prison in California. Lastly, Remiro became involved at Peking House, a Maoist collective where he became best friends with Russ Little. Through these connections he also became friendly with Willie Wolfe and Angela Atwood.[5]This small group became founding members of the Symbionese Liberation Army, along with Donald DeFreeze, Patricia Soltysik, Nancy Ling Perry, Thero Wheeler, Mary Alice Siem, Camilla Hall, and married couple Bill and Emily Harris. All but DeFreeze and Remiro were white, and many from middle-class or upper-middle-class backgrounds. They had been radicalized at University of California, Berkeley, or by associates in northern California.","title":"Return and VVAW"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Concord","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord,_California"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-headley-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nytfranks-2"},{"link_name":"Black Panther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AP-9"},{"link_name":"Marcus Foster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Foster"}],"text":"In the spring of 1973 Donald DeFreeze escaped from Soledad Prison and made his way to Oakland. He sought shelter at Peking House with white contacts from the Black Cultural Association. Concerned about surveillance at their high-profile, Maoist radical commune, they moved DeFreeze to a less well-known house in Concord, which was rented by Nancy Ling Perry. Patricia Soltysik was also living there. DeFreeze, who may have been an informant setting up sting operations, offered guns, explosives, and related supplies for sale to radicals he came into contact with.[7][8]Veteran Remiro used his knowledge of weaponry to train the small group of affiliated radicals into an armed force. He trained the other members in target practice, as well as the use, maintenance and dismantling of weaponry.[2]During that period the group was joined by Thero Wheeler, a former Black Panther who knew DeFreeze from the BCA in Vacaville. He had escaped from prison in August 1973. The group seemed increasingly committed to armed violence and preparing for action, which Wheeler opposed.[9]With the internal opposition cleared out of the way after Wheeler left, the SLA prepared for its first action, the assassination of Marcus Foster, Superintendent of Oakland Public Schools. Purportedly DeFreeze urged the action to gain attention and reduce competition in the city. (SLA members later testified that DeFreeze, Perry and Soltysik were responsible for the shooting of Foster and his deputy.)Remiro and Russell Little were arrested in January 1974 after an unrelated confrontation with police. They were convicted of charges of murder in the shootings: Foster was killed and his deputy wounded.","title":"Symbionese Liberation Army"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nytcobra-10"}],"text":"The SLA selected Superintendent of Oakland Schools Marcus Foster and his deputy Robert Blackburn as their first assassination targets, denouncing them as \"fascist\" for supporting issuance of ID cards for Oakland students to keep non-student drug dealers off of campuses. Foster's proposal was a compromise offered in response to more intrusive proposals supported by more conservative players in Oakland city and school politics. The assassination was carried out on November 6, 1973, as Foster and Blackburn left an Oakland School Board meeting. Foster was killed by five cyanide-packed bullets and Blackburn was badly wounded by a shotgun blast. Although there were no eyewitnesses who could identify the assailants, circumstantial evidence discovered in January 1974 implicated Joe Remiro and Russ Little in the murder.The killing of Oakland's first black school superintendent outraged many blacks and other leftists.“Black folks have never been given enough power in this country to be No. 1 on anybody's hit list. Why Foster? Why not the head of Standard Oil of California, or Union Oil or Bank of America? By what standards do you kill one of the few black superintendents of schools in the country? You go down on East 14th Street in Oakland and explain it to the people, because the SLA hasn't bothered!” said Carolyn Craven, a black reporter with strong leftist sympathies.[10]Speculation circulated through leftist publications that the previously unknown group who assassinated a popular liberal figure was a right-wing false flag operation.","title":"Assassination of Marcus Foster"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Concord, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord,_California"},{"link_name":"Nancy Ling Perry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Ling_Perry"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Walther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther"},{"link_name":"Marcus Foster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Foster"},{"link_name":"Nancy Ling Perry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Ling_Perry"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-people.com-5"}],"text":"On January 10, 1974, Remiro and Russell Little were apprehended by police, as they were driving suspiciously in a quiet neighborhood in Concord, California at 1.30am in a battered van. Little showed the officer a fake license and claimed he was looking for the \"Devoto\" home. However, Little had been staying there for several weeks with Nancy Ling Perry, who had rented the house under the assumed name. When the officer asked the passenger to identify himself, Remiro grabbed a holstered pistol. The officer took cover behind his car. When the officer peered out from cover, Remiro fired two rounds at the policeman, who fired two shots back at him. Remiro took cover and then emerged again, firing three more rounds at the officer, who again fired twice at Remiro. Although neither Remiro or the officer were hit, Little was wounded during the shootout.[citation needed] Remiro fled the scene as police arrested Little.Four hours later, Remiro surrendered a block from the SLA hideout. Officers found the Walther automatic pistol that had been used in the murder of Marcus Foster. Since Little had mentioned the name Devoto, it was presumed by the SLA that it was only a matter of time before police would discover their hideout. That evening the house was doused with gasoline and sprinkled with gunpowder. Nancy Ling Perry was seen driving rapidly away.[5]","title":"Arrest"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"San Quentin prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Quentin_State_Prison"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"FBI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"As soon as Remiro and Little were booked into Concord City Jail, an extra shift of guards was called in to surround the building. No one got in or out without being thoroughly checked. The two were transferred almost immediately to Contra Costa County Jail, where armed guards on the roof were joined by extra street patrols. New and more serious charges were filed against the pair, bringing their bail to almost $750,000 each. Not wanting to allow any chance for escape or for an assisted breakout, it was decided that Remiro and Little would be transferred to California's most secure penitentiary, San Quentin prison. This move was unprecedented, as suspects are presumed innocent until proven guilty, and only the guilty are housed in penitentiaries.[11]On February 17, 1974, Little and Remiro attempted to release a statement to the public with some of their grievances. This was seized by prison authorities but found its way to the media in March. They said that they were being held in isolation, \"the hole\" on Death Row, were not adequately fed, and other claims of harassment, intimidation and violence. They claimed that this was by direction of the FBI.[12][13]In late February 1974, Little's father, O. Jack Little, made a statement to the media and to other SLA members. He offered to take Patty Hearst's place as a kidnap victim. Part of his statement read:If Russ Little and Joe Remiro are innocent in the Foster murder and are in fact victims of a police state, then how in heaven's name can the kidnapping and threatened execution of Patricia Hearst have any significance to Russ and Joe but to sustain their indictment? ... Seeing as Russ is the only son I have, at least you could have the satisfaction of knowing that you had been instrumental in the destruction of not only Russell but of his whole family. I beg you to think about it, and please agree to release that child unharmed.[14]","title":"Detention"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-query.nytimes.com-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Robert Blackburn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Blackburn_(educator)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"In February 1975, the jury in the murder and attempted murder trial of Remiro and Little sent a note to the judge that it had been unable to reach a verdict in the case.[15] A new jury was selected.[16] It convicted both men.On June 27, 1975, Little and Remiro were sentenced to life imprisonment for murder and the attempted murder of Foster's assistant, Robert Blackburn. There was no positive eyewitness identifications of either man at the murder scene, and considerable circumstantial evidence, including possession of the murder weapon, was relied upon. The pair was also sentenced for the shooting incident that occurred on their apprehension, as well as an assault that occurred on a prison officer in January 1974.[17]","title":"Sentencing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sfgate.com-1"}],"text":"Remiro has one son, Joshua Poole. Poole has married three times and has a daughter by each wife.[1]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Patty Hearst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Hearst"},{"link_name":"armed robbery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_robbery"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-query.nytimes.com-15"},{"link_name":"dynamite charge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamite_charge"},{"link_name":"California Supreme Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Supreme_Court"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Mizmoon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizmoon"},{"link_name":"Nancy [Ling Perry]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Ling_Perry"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pbs.org-22"},{"link_name":"Bill Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Harris_(SLA)"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Pelican Bay State Prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelican_Bay_State_Prison"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sfgate.com-1"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Denied_Parole-24"}],"text":"Rudy Henderson, a former boss of Nancy Ling Perry, testified at the 1975 trial that Ling Perry had confessed to him prior to her death in 1974 that she, DeFreeze, Wolfe, and two other members who were killed in the Los Angeles shootout had shot Foster.[18]On February 18, 1976 Patty Hearst at her armed robbery trial testified that she had been told that Little and Remiro were waiting in the car while Foster was killed by other members. But Bill Harris said that neither had been at the ambush.[19] Little and Remiro released a statement through their attorney saying that Hearst was \"lying\" about their involvement.[15]On February 28, 1979, Little's conviction was overturned by the California Court of Appeal. The three-judge panel on the Appeal Court said one of their reasons for overturning his conviction was that Superior Court judge Elvin Sheehy had issued a \"dynamite charge\" to a deadlocked jury. This charge asks holdout jurors to reevaluate their decision and urges them to reach a conclusion. In 1977, the California Supreme Court ruled that this dynamite charge prejudiced the right to a fair jury trial. One of the Justices at Little's appeal argued that Remiro's conviction should also be overturned.[20] In June 1981, Little was acquitted in a retrial of the Foster/Blackburn case in Monterey County.[21]After winning his freedom, Little said, \"Who actually pulled the trigger that killed Foster was Mizmoon [Note: Patricia Soltysik]. Nancy [Ling Perry] was supposed to shoot Blackburn, she kind of botched that and DeFreeze ended up shooting him with a shotgun.\"[22]In 1988, Bill Harris said that he continued to believe in the innocence of both Little and Remiro for the Foster/Blackburn attack.[23]Remiro remains in Pelican Bay State Prison where he is serving a life sentence.[1] He is the only member of the SLA still in prison, having been denied parole more than eleven times.[24]","title":"1975 trial for Foster and Blackburn"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"The Revolt of SLA's Joe Remiro\"], (book review of 'This Soldier Still at War')\". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California. August 2, 1975. Retrieved August 2, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/74448701/?terms=joe%2Bremiro","url_text":"\"The Revolt of SLA's Joe Remiro\"], (book review of 'This Soldier Still at War')\""}]},{"reference":"Kifner, John (May 17, 1974). \"Cinque: A Dropout Who Has Been in Constant Trouble\". New York Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/17/archives/cinque-a-dropout-who-has-been-in-constant-trouble-school-dropout-on.html","url_text":"\"Cinque: A Dropout Who Has Been in Constant Trouble\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times","url_text":"New York Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171026203734/http://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/17/archives/cinque-a-dropout-who-has-been-in-constant-trouble-school-dropout-on.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"American Experience | Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst | Transcript\". PBS. Archived from the original on October 3, 2005. Retrieved June 24, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20051003235907/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/pt.html","url_text":"\"American Experience | Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst | Transcript\""},{"url":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/pt.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"SLA convict denied parole again\". East Bay Times. October 8, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2004/10/08/sla-convict-denied-parole-again/","url_text":"\"SLA convict denied parole again\""}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/For-paralyzed-meth-addict-worst-is-over-3207580.php","external_links_name":"\"For paralyzed meth addict worst is over\""},{"Link":"http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/06/15/118452408.html?pageNumber=63","external_links_name":"\"This Soldier Still At War\""},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/74448701/?terms=joe%2Bremiro","external_links_name":"\"The Revolt of SLA's Joe Remiro\"], (book review of 'This Soldier Still at War')\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=d4XQAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"\"The Symbionese Liberation Army: A Study\""},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AVin%20McLellan","external_links_name":"McLellan, Vin"},{"Link":"http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20063998,00.html","external_links_name":"\"The Man and the Mystery behind the SLA Terror\""},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/This-Soldier-Still-at-War/dp/0151900604","external_links_name":"\"This Soldier Still at War\""},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/17/archives/cinque-a-dropout-who-has-been-in-constant-trouble-school-dropout-on.html","external_links_name":"\"Cinque: A Dropout Who Has Been in Constant Trouble\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171026203734/http://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/17/archives/cinque-a-dropout-who-has-been-in-constant-trouble-school-dropout-on.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/Vegas-P-I-Americas-Greatest-Detective/dp/1560250577"},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/Vegas-P-I-Americas-Greatest-Detective/dp/1560250577","external_links_name":"Vegas P.I.: The Life and Times of America's Greatest Detective"},{"Link":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19760107&id=TuJNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XYsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7366,650988&hl=en","external_links_name":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19760107&id=TuJNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XYsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7366,650988&hl=en"},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/02/archives/notes-from-the-land-of-the-cobra-the-images-constantly-reversing.html","external_links_name":"\"Notes from the Land of the Cobra\""},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/Days-Rage-Underground-Forgotten-Revolutionary/dp/1594204292","external_links_name":"\"Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence\""},{"Link":"http://freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/DOC514_scans/514.SLA.RussLittle.JoeRomero.Statement.pdf","external_links_name":"http://freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/DOC514_scans/514.SLA.RussLittle.JoeRomero.Statement.pdf"},{"Link":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1974/03/07/93258333.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Aid for Miss Hearst Hinted by Prisoners\""},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/61897838/","external_links_name":"\"Seven Sought in Hearst Kidnaping\""},{"Link":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1976/02/19/75213968.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Jury Unable to Reach Verdict in SLA Case\""},{"Link":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/04/15/76348230.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Scrutiny of Trial Audience is Opposed by ACLU\""},{"Link":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/06/28/78253713.pdf","external_links_name":"\"2 in Symbionese Army Get Life In Oakland School Head's Death\""},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1975/06/10/archives/two-found-guilty-in-coast-murder-they-could-get-life-terms-jury.html","external_links_name":"\"Two Found Guilty in Coast Murder\""},{"Link":"http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1976/04/04/139798042.html?pageNumber=48","external_links_name":"\"4 Say wrong SLA members were convicted in killing\""},{"Link":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1979/02/28/111009141.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Murder Conviction of SLA 'Soldier' Overturned\""},{"Link":"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9400EEDB1238F936A35755C0A967948260","external_links_name":"Around the Nation: Russell Little is Acquitted of Slaying on Coast in 1973"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20051003235907/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/pt.html","external_links_name":"\"American Experience | Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst | Transcript\""},{"Link":"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/pt.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/68297061/","external_links_name":"\"Hearst kidnapping called inept caper\""},{"Link":"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2004/10/08/sla-convict-denied-parole-again/","external_links_name":"\"SLA convict denied parole again\""}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada | Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada | ["1 History","2 Today","2.1 Battle Mountain Band","2.2 Elko Band","2.3 South Fork Band","2.4 Wells Band","3 Notable Te-Moak Shoshone","4 Notes","5 References","6 External links"] | Ethnic group
Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of NevadaTribal FlagTotal population2,096Regions with significant populations United States ( Nevada)LanguagesEnglish, ShoshoniReligiontraditional tribal religionRelated ethnic groupsother Western Shoshone tribes
The Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada is a federally recognized tribe of Western Shoshone people in northeastern Nevada.
History
The tribe organized under the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act. Western Shoshone elected a traditional council, led by Chief Muchach Temoak and his descendants, to create the new governments; however, the United States refused to recognize the traditional council and created the Te-Moaks Bands Council. Traditionalists did not feel adequately represented by this council and created the United Western Shoshone Legal Defense and Education Association, now known as the Sacred Lands Association in 1974. The traditionalists argued before the Indian Claims Commission (ICC) that the Te-Moak Bands Council did not speak for them and the tribe never gave up their title to their traditional lands. Their claims and appeal were rejected in 1979, when the ICC ruled that the Western Shoshone lost title to their lands in the Treaty of Ruby Valley in 1863. In 1980 the courts ruled that the lands were not ceded in 1863 but were lost on 6 December 1979. Despite appeals by the tribe, the US Supreme Court rules in 1985 that $26 million was paid to the tribe in 1979 for 24 million acres (97,000 km2) of land. The tribe is still fighting to reclaim their traditional lands today.
The tribe's corporate charter was approved in 1938 and their current constitution was amended in 1982.
Today
The Te-Moak Tribe Council is headquartered in Elko, Nevada. The tribe is composed of four constituent bands. Their constitution allows for an unlimited number of reservations and Indian colonies to join the tribe.
Battle Mountain Band
Location of the Battle Mountain Reservation
This band governs the Battle Mountain reservation, at 40°39′51″N 116°58′11″W / 40.66417°N 116.96972°W / 40.66417; -116.96972, in Battle Mountain, Nevada. Traditionally, they are the Tonomudza/Tonammutsa (Donammuzi) band of Western Shoshone. Their separate parcels of land total 683.3 acres (2.765 km2). Current reservation population is 165 and total tribal enrollment is 516. Their current band council includes:
Lydia Johnson, Chairman
Florine Maine, Vice Chair
Delbert Holley
Joseph Holley
Emerson Winap
Vacant Seat
Elko Band
Location of the Elko Indian Colony
The Elko Indian Colony, at 40°51′02″N 115°45′55″W / 40.85056°N 115.76528°W / 40.85056; -115.76528, was established in 1918. They govern 192.8 acres (0.780 km2) of federal trust lands. Tribal enrollment is 1,143. Only 6% of the band graduated from high school and their average per capita annual income is $7,000. They are headquartered in Elko, Nevada and their current band council is as follows:
David Decker, Chairman
Davis Gonzales, Vice Chairman
Gerald Temoke
Nick Knight
Vernon Thompson
Leta Jim
Vacant.
South Fork Band
Location of the South Fork and Odgers Ranch Indian Reservation
The South Fork and Odgers Ranch Indian Reservation, at 40°34′22″N 115°36′08″W / 40.57278°N 115.60222°W / 40.57278; -115.60222, was established in Lee, Nevada in 1941 The Band governs 19,049 acres (77.09 km2) of land. 59 members live on the reservation and their total band enrollment is 176. Their current band council is as follows:
Tyler Reynolds, Chairman
Alice Tybo, Vice Chairman
Brandon Reynolds
Dallas Smales
Gilbert Temoke
Vacant
Wells Band
Location of the Wells Indian Colony
The Wells Indian Colony, at 41°07′01″N 114°58′44″W / 41.11694°N 114.97889°W / 41.11694; -114.97889, was established in 1980 and is 80 acres (320,000 m2) large. Traditionally, they are the Kuiyudika band of Western Shoshone, after a desert plant used for food; within this group were at least two other smaller groups, the Doyogadzu Newenee (end-of-the-mountain people) and the Waiha-Muta Newenee (fire-burning-on ridge people). Clover Valley served as a rendezvous spot among these small Newe bands. Their headquarters is in Wells, Nevada. 39 members live on the reservation, and total band enrollment is 177. Their current band council is as follows:
Casey Franco, Chairman
Steve Brady, Vice-Chairman
Harvey Healy
Steve Johnny
Notable Te-Moak Shoshone
Ned Blackhawk, a Te-Moak historian and professor at Yale University
Notes
^ Pritzker, 230
^ Thomas et al, 264
^ Schoppe-Hine, K. "Welcome." Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. 2007 (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)
^ Clemmer and Stewart, 549
^ a b Pritzker, 241
^ Crum, B., Crum, E., & Dayley, J. P. (2001). Newe Hupia: Shoshoni Poetry Songs. University Press of Colorado. Pg. 214 doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46nz00
^ "Battle Mountain Election Results Finds A Familiar Face ." Te-Moak Tribe News Blog. 8 Dec 2011 (retrieved 26 Nov 2011)
^ "Battle Mountain Band." Archived 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)
^ "Elko Band." Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)
^ a b Pritzer, 242
^ a b "South Fork Band." Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)
References
Clemmer, Richard O. and Omer C. Stewart. "Treaties, Reservations, and Claims." D'Azevedo, Warren L., Volume Editor. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 11: Great Basin. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986. ISBN 978-0-16-004581-3.
Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
Thomas, David Hurst, Lorann S. A. Pendleton, and Stephen C. Cappannari. "Western Shoshone." D'Azevedo, Warren L., Volume Editor. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 11: Great Basin. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986. ISBN 978-0-16-004581-3.
External links
Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone, official website
Te-Moak Tribe News Blog
vte Indian reservations and colonies in NevadaReservations
Duck Valley
Duckwater
Ely
Fort McDermitt
Fort Mojave
Goshute
Moapa River
Pyramid Lake
Summit Lake
Walker River
Yomba
Colonies
Fallon
Las Vegas
Lovelock
Reno-Sparks
Te-Moak
Washoe
Winnemucca
Yerington | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"federally recognized tribe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribes"},{"link_name":"Western Shoshone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Shoshone"},{"link_name":"Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada"}],"text":"The Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada is a federally recognized tribe of Western Shoshone people in northeastern Nevada.","title":"Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Indian Reorganization Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act"},{"link_name":"Indian Claims Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Claims_Commission"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Ruby Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Ruby_Valley"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tm-3"}],"text":"The tribe organized under the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act. Western Shoshone elected a traditional council, led by Chief Muchach Temoak and his descendants, to create the new governments; however, the United States refused to recognize the traditional council and created the Te-Moaks Bands Council. Traditionalists did not feel adequately represented by this council and created the United Western Shoshone Legal Defense and Education Association, now known as the Sacred Lands Association in 1974. The traditionalists argued before the Indian Claims Commission (ICC) that the Te-Moak Bands Council did not speak for them and the tribe never gave up their title to their traditional lands. Their claims and appeal were rejected in 1979, when the ICC ruled that the Western Shoshone lost title to their lands in the Treaty of Ruby Valley in 1863. In 1980 the courts ruled that the lands were not ceded in 1863 but were lost on 6 December 1979. Despite appeals by the tribe, the US Supreme Court rules in 1985 that $26 million was paid to the tribe in 1979 for 24 million acres (97,000 km2) of land.[2] The tribe is still fighting to reclaim their traditional lands today.The tribe's corporate charter was approved in 1938 and their current constitution was amended in 1982.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Elko, Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elko,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"Indian colonies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_colony"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The Te-Moak Tribe Council is headquartered in Elko, Nevada. The tribe is composed of four constituent bands. Their constitution allows for an unlimited number of reservations and Indian colonies to join the tribe.[4]","title":"Today"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0165R_Battle_Mountain_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg"},{"link_name":"40°39′51″N 116°58′11″W / 40.66417°N 116.96972°W / 40.66417; -116.96972","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=40_39_51_N_116_58_11_W_"},{"link_name":"Battle Mountain, Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Mountain,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p241-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Battle Mountain Band","text":"Location of the Battle Mountain ReservationThis band governs the Battle Mountain reservation, at 40°39′51″N 116°58′11″W / 40.66417°N 116.96972°W / 40.66417; -116.96972, in Battle Mountain, Nevada.[5] Traditionally, they are the Tonomudza/Tonammutsa[6] (Donammuzi) band of Western Shoshone. Their separate parcels of land total 683.3 acres (2.765 km2). Current reservation population is 165 and total tribal enrollment is 516. Their current band council includes:Lydia Johnson, Chairman[7]\nFlorine Maine, Vice Chair\nDelbert Holley\nJoseph Holley\nEmerson Winap\nVacant Seat[8]","title":"Today"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1005R_Elko_Colony_Locator_Map.svg"},{"link_name":"40°51′02″N 115°45′55″W / 40.85056°N 115.76528°W / 40.85056; -115.76528","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=40_51_02_N_115_45_55_W_"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p241-5"},{"link_name":"Elko, Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elko,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"sub_title":"Elko Band","text":"Location of the Elko Indian ColonyThe Elko Indian Colony, at 40°51′02″N 115°45′55″W / 40.85056°N 115.76528°W / 40.85056; -115.76528, was established in 1918.[5] They govern 192.8 acres (0.780 km2) of federal trust lands. Tribal enrollment is 1,143. Only 6% of the band graduated from high school and their average per capita annual income is $7,000. They are headquartered in Elko, Nevada and their current band council is as follows:David Decker, Chairman\nDavis Gonzales, Vice Chairman\nGerald Temoke\nNick Knight\nVernon Thompson\nLeta Jim\nVacant.[9]","title":"Today"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3930R_South_Fork_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg"},{"link_name":"40°34′22″N 115°36′08″W / 40.57278°N 115.60222°W / 40.57278; -115.60222","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=40_34_22_N_115_36_08_W_scale:100000"},{"link_name":"Lee, Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p242-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-South_Fork_Band.-11"}],"sub_title":"South Fork Band","text":"Location of the South Fork and Odgers Ranch Indian ReservationThe South Fork and Odgers Ranch Indian Reservation, at 40°34′22″N 115°36′08″W / 40.57278°N 115.60222°W / 40.57278; -115.60222, was established in Lee, Nevada in 1941[10] The Band governs 19,049 acres (77.09 km2) of land. 59 members live on the reservation and their total band enrollment is 176. Their current band council is as follows:Tyler Reynolds, Chairman\nAlice Tybo, Vice Chairman\nBrandon Reynolds\nDallas Smales\nGilbert Temoke\nVacant[11]","title":"Today"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:4580R_Wells_Colony_Locator_Map.svg"},{"link_name":"41°07′01″N 114°58′44″W / 41.11694°N 114.97889°W / 41.11694; -114.97889","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=41_07_01_N_114_58_44_W_"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p242-10"},{"link_name":"Wells, Nevada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells,_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-South_Fork_Band.-11"}],"sub_title":"Wells Band","text":"Location of the Wells Indian ColonyThe Wells Indian Colony, at 41°07′01″N 114°58′44″W / 41.11694°N 114.97889°W / 41.11694; -114.97889, was established in 1980 and is 80 acres (320,000 m2) large.[10] Traditionally, they are the Kuiyudika band of Western Shoshone, after a desert plant used for food; within this group were at least two other smaller groups, the Doyogadzu Newenee (end-of-the-mountain people) and the Waiha-Muta Newenee (fire-burning-on ridge people). Clover Valley served as a rendezvous spot among these small Newe bands. Their headquarters is in Wells, Nevada. 39 members live on the reservation, and total band enrollment is 177. Their current band council is as follows:Casey Franco, Chairman\nSteve Brady, Vice-Chairman\nHarvey Healy\nSteve Johnny[11]","title":"Today"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ned Blackhawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned_Blackhawk"}],"text":"Ned Blackhawk, a Te-Moak historian and professor at Yale University","title":"Notable Te-Moak Shoshone"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-tm_3-0"},{"link_name":"\"Welcome.\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.temoaktribe.com/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-p241_5-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-p241_5-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46nz00","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46nz00"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"\"Battle Mountain Election Results Finds A Familiar Face .\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//te-moaktribenews.blogspot.com/2010/12/battle-mountain-election-results-finds.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"\"Battle Mountain Band.\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.temoaktribe.com/battlemtn.shtml"},{"link_name":"Archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20091012034419/http://www.temoaktribe.com/battlemtn.shtml"},{"link_name":"Wayback Machine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-9"},{"link_name":"\"Elko Band.\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.temoaktribe.com/elko.shtml"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-p242_10-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-p242_10-1"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-South_Fork_Band._11-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-South_Fork_Band._11-1"},{"link_name":"\"South Fork Band.\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.temoaktribe.com/southfork.shtml"}],"text":"^ Pritzker, 230\n\n^ Thomas et al, 264\n\n^ Schoppe-Hine, K. \"Welcome.\" Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. 2007 (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)\n\n^ Clemmer and Stewart, 549\n\n^ a b Pritzker, 241\n\n^ Crum, B., Crum, E., & Dayley, J. P. (2001). Newe Hupia: Shoshoni Poetry Songs. University Press of Colorado. Pg. 214 doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46nz00\n\n^ \"Battle Mountain Election Results Finds A Familiar Face .\" Te-Moak Tribe News Blog. 8 Dec 2011 (retrieved 26 Nov 2011)\n\n^ \"Battle Mountain Band.\" Archived 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)\n\n^ \"Elko Band.\" Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)\n\n^ a b Pritzer, 242\n\n^ a b \"South Fork Band.\" Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone. (retrieved 16 Dec 2009)","title":"Notes"}] | [{"image_text":"Location of the Battle Mountain Reservation","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/0165R_Battle_Mountain_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg/150px-0165R_Battle_Mountain_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Location of the Elko Indian Colony","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1005R_Elko_Colony_Locator_Map.svg/150px-1005R_Elko_Colony_Locator_Map.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Location of the South Fork and Odgers Ranch Indian Reservation","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/3930R_South_Fork_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg/150px-3930R_South_Fork_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Location of the Wells Indian Colony","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/4580R_Wells_Colony_Locator_Map.svg/150px-4580R_Wells_Colony_Locator_Map.svg.png"}] | null | [] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=40_39_51_N_116_58_11_W_","external_links_name":"40°39′51″N 116°58′11″W / 40.66417°N 116.96972°W / 40.66417; -116.96972"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=40_51_02_N_115_45_55_W_","external_links_name":"40°51′02″N 115°45′55″W / 40.85056°N 115.76528°W / 40.85056; -115.76528"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=40_34_22_N_115_36_08_W_scale:100000","external_links_name":"40°34′22″N 115°36′08″W / 40.57278°N 115.60222°W / 40.57278; -115.60222"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Te-Moak_Tribe_of_Western_Shoshone_Indians_of_Nevada¶ms=41_07_01_N_114_58_44_W_","external_links_name":"41°07′01″N 114°58′44″W / 41.11694°N 114.97889°W / 41.11694; -114.97889"},{"Link":"http://www.temoaktribe.com/","external_links_name":"\"Welcome.\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46nz00","external_links_name":"doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46nz00"},{"Link":"http://te-moaktribenews.blogspot.com/2010/12/battle-mountain-election-results-finds.html","external_links_name":"\"Battle Mountain Election Results Finds A Familiar Face .\""},{"Link":"http://www.temoaktribe.com/battlemtn.shtml","external_links_name":"\"Battle Mountain Band.\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091012034419/http://www.temoaktribe.com/battlemtn.shtml","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.temoaktribe.com/elko.shtml","external_links_name":"\"Elko Band.\""},{"Link":"http://www.temoaktribe.com/southfork.shtml","external_links_name":"\"South Fork Band.\""},{"Link":"http://www.temoaktribe.com/","external_links_name":"Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone"},{"Link":"http://te-moaktribenews.blogspot.com/","external_links_name":"Te-Moak Tribe News Blog"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Peru | Catholic Church in Peru | ["1 Demographics","2 Dioceses","2.1 Province of Arequipa","2.2 Province of Ayacucho","2.3 Province of Cusco","2.4 Province of Huancayo","2.5 Province of Lima","2.6 Province of Piura","2.7 Province of Trujillo","2.8 Apostolic Vicariates","2.9 Military Ordinariate","3 See also","4 Sources"] | Part of a series on theCatholic Church by country
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Catholicism portalvte
Map of Peru
The Catholic Church in Peru is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the curia in Rome, and the Peruvian Episcopal Conference.
Catholics compose an estimated 74% of Peru's population, according to the 2017 census. In 2020, there were over 3,000 priests and over 9,000 nuns serving across 1,670 parishes; the church also ran 136 hospitals and homes for the old and infirm.
Peru has produced two famous saints, St. Rose of Lima and St. Martin de Porres, as well as two Blesseds, Ana de los Ángeles (Ana Monteagudo Ponce de León) and Antonia Luzmila Rivas López (María Agustina).
In 2023, the Cardinal of Peru was Pedro Barreto.
Demographics
Catholicism has been decreasing for many decades. According to the different census, in 1940, 98.5% of the Peruvian population adhered to Catholicism, decreasing to 94,6% in 1981 and to 81,3% in 2007.
Year
Percent
Decrease
1940
98.5%
-
1961
97.3%
-1.2%
1972
96.4%
-0.9%
1981
94.6%
-1.8%
1993
89.0%
-5.6%
2007
81.3%
-7.7%
2017
76.0%
-5.3%
Dioceses
The Peruvian Catholic Church is divided into dioceses and archdioceses:
Province of Arequipa
Archdiocese of Arequipa
Diocese of Puno
Diocese of Tacna
Prelature of Ayaviri
Prelature of Chuquibamba
Prelature of Juli
Prelature of Santiago Apóstol de Huancané
Province of Ayacucho
Archdiocese of Ayacucho
Diocese of Huancavelica
Prelature of Caraveli
Province of Cusco
Archdiocese of Cusco
Diocese of Abancay
Prelature of Chiquibambilla
Diocese of Sicuani
Province of Huancayo
Archdiocese of Huancayo
Diocese of Huánuco
Diocese of Tarma
Province of Lima
Archdiocese of Lima
Diocese of Callao
Diocese of Carabayllo
Diocese of Chosica
Diocese of Huacho
Diocese of Ica
Diocese of Lurín
Prelature of Yauyos
Province of Piura
Archdiocese of Piura
Diocese of Chiclayo
Diocese of Chachapoyas
Diocese of Chulucanas
Prelature de Chota
Province of Trujillo
Archdiocese of Trujillo
Diocese of Cajamarca
Diocese of Chimbote
Diocese of Huaraz
Diocese of Huari
Prelature of Moyobamba
Prelature of Huamachuco
Apostolic Vicariates
Apostolic Vicariate of San José de Amazonas
Apostolic Vicariate of Iquitos
Apostolic Vicariate of Jaén in Peru or Saint Francis Xavier
Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Maldonado
Apostolic Vicariate of Pucallpa
Apostolic Vicariate of Requena
Apostolic Vicariate of San Ramón
Apostolic Vicariate of Yurimaguas
Military Ordinariate
Military Ordinariate of Peru
See also
Pan-Amazonian Ecclesial Network (REPAM)
Religion in Peru
Sources
^ Latinobarometro, Opinion Publica Latinoamericana, Enero 2018.
^ US State Dept 2022 report
^ Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08
^ G Catholic website, Saints page, retrieved 2023-08-28
^ "Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico: Assegnazione dei Titoli, 28.06.2018" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
vteCatholic Church in South America Sovereign states
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Dependencies andother territories
Falkland Islands
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South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pe-map.png"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"},{"link_name":"Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Pope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope"},{"link_name":"curia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Curia"},{"link_name":"Rome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome"},{"link_name":"Episcopal Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Conference"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-US2022-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"St. Rose of Lima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Rose_of_Lima"},{"link_name":"St. Martin de Porres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Martin_de_Porres"},{"link_name":"Ana de los Ángeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_of_the_Angels_Monteagudo"},{"link_name":"Antonia Luzmila Rivas López","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonia_Luzmila_Rivas_L%C3%B3pez"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Pedro Barreto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Barreto"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Map of PeruThe Catholic Church in Peru is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the curia in Rome, and the Peruvian Episcopal Conference.Catholics compose an estimated 74% of Peru's population,[1] according to the 2017 census.[2] In 2020, there were over 3,000 priests and over 9,000 nuns serving across 1,670 parishes;[3] the church also ran 136 hospitals and homes for the old and infirm.Peru has produced two famous saints, St. Rose of Lima and St. Martin de Porres, as well as two Blesseds, Ana de los Ángeles (Ana Monteagudo Ponce de León) and Antonia Luzmila Rivas López (María Agustina).[4]In 2023, the Cardinal of Peru was Pedro Barreto.[5]","title":"Catholic Church in Peru"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Catholicism has been decreasing for many decades. According to the different census, in 1940, 98.5% of the Peruvian population adhered to Catholicism, decreasing to 94,6% in 1981 and to 81,3% in 2007.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dioceses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese"},{"link_name":"archdioceses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese"}],"text":"The Peruvian Catholic Church is divided into dioceses and archdioceses:","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Archdiocese of Arequipa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Arequipa"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Puno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Puno"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Tacna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Tacna"},{"link_name":"Prelature of Ayaviri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelature_of_Ayaviri"},{"link_name":"Prelature of Chuquibamba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelature_of_Chuquibamba"},{"link_name":"Prelature of 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Cusco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Cusco"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Abancay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Abancay"},{"link_name":"Prelature of Chiquibambilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelature_of_Chiquibambilla"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Sicuani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sicuani"}],"sub_title":"Province of Cusco","text":"Archdiocese of Cusco\nDiocese of Abancay\nPrelature of Chiquibambilla\nDiocese of Sicuani","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Archdiocese of Huancayo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Huancayo"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Huánuco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Hu%C3%A1nuco"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Tarma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Tarma"}],"sub_title":"Province of Huancayo","text":"Archdiocese of Huancayo\nDiocese of Huánuco\nDiocese of Tarma","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Archdiocese of Lima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Lima"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Callao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Callao"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Carabayllo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Carabayllo"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Chosica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Chosica"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Huacho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Huacho"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Ica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Ica"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Lurín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Lur%C3%ADn"},{"link_name":"Prelature of Yauyos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelature_of_Yauyos"}],"sub_title":"Province of Lima","text":"Archdiocese of Lima\nDiocese of Callao\nDiocese of Carabayllo\nDiocese of Chosica\nDiocese of Huacho\nDiocese of Ica\nDiocese of Lurín\nPrelature of Yauyos","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Archdiocese of Piura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Piura"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Chiclayo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Chiclayo"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Chachapoyas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Chachapoyas"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Chulucanas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Chulucanas"},{"link_name":"Prelature de Chota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelature_de_Chota"}],"sub_title":"Province of Piura","text":"Archdiocese of Piura\nDiocese of Chiclayo\nDiocese of Chachapoyas\nDiocese of Chulucanas\nPrelature de Chota","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Archdiocese of Trujillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Trujillo"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Cajamarca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Cajamarca"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Chimbote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Chimbote"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Huaraz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Huaraz"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Huari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Huari"},{"link_name":"Prelature of Moyobamba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelature_of_Moyobamba"},{"link_name":"Prelature of Huamachuco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelature_of_Huamachuco"}],"sub_title":"Province of Trujillo","text":"Archdiocese of Trujillo\nDiocese of Cajamarca\nDiocese of Chimbote\nDiocese of Huaraz\nDiocese of Huari\nPrelature of Moyobamba\nPrelature of Huamachuco","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Apostolic Vicariate of San José de Amazonas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Amazonas"},{"link_name":"Apostolic Vicariate of Iquitos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Iquitos"},{"link_name":"Apostolic Vicariate of Jaén in 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Vicariate of San Ramón\nApostolic Vicariate of Yurimaguas","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Military Ordinariate of Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Ordinariate_of_Peru"}],"sub_title":"Military Ordinariate","text":"Military Ordinariate of Peru","title":"Dioceses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-US2022_2-0"},{"link_name":"US State Dept 2022 report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/peru"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.catholicsandcultures.org/peru"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"G Catholic website, Saints page, retrieved 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states","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states"},{"link_name":"Argentina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Argentina"},{"link_name":"Bolivia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bolivia"},{"link_name":"Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Chile"},{"link_name":"Colombia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Colombia"},{"link_name":"Ecuador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ecuador"},{"link_name":"Guyana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guyana"},{"link_name":"Paraguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Paraguay"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Suriname","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Suriname"},{"link_name":"Uruguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Uruguay"},{"link_name":"Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Venezuela"},{"link_name":"Dependencies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory"},{"link_name":"Falkland Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Falkland_Islands"},{"link_name":"French Guiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_French_Guiana"},{"link_name":"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands"}],"text":"^ Latinobarometro, Opinion Publica Latinoamericana, Enero 2018.\n\n^ US State Dept 2022 report\n\n^ Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08\n\n^ G Catholic website, Saints page, retrieved 2023-08-28\n\n^ \"Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico: Assegnazione dei Titoli, 28.06.2018\" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.vteCatholic Church in South America Sovereign states\nArgentina\nBolivia\nBrazil\nChile\nColombia\nEcuador\nGuyana\nParaguay\nPeru\nSuriname\nUruguay\nVenezuela\nDependencies andother territories\nFalkland Islands\nFrench Guiana\nSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands","title":"Sources"}] | [{"image_text":"Map of Peru","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Pe-map.png"}] | [{"title":"Pan-Amazonian Ecclesial Network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Amazonian_Ecclesial_Network"},{"title":"Religion in Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Peru"}] | [{"reference":"\"Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico: Assegnazione dei Titoli, 28.06.2018\" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 28 May 2018. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tangerine_Zoo | The Tangerine Zoo | ["1 History","2 Discography","2.1 Singles","2.2 Albums","3 References"] | American psychedelic rock band
The Tangerine ZooBackground informationOriginSwansea, Massachusetts, United StatesGenresPsychedelic rockYears active1966 - 1970LabelsMainstreamPast members
Robert "Benny" Benevides
Tony Taveira
Donald Smith
Ron Medeiros
Wayne Gagnon
The Tangerine Zoo was an American psychedelic rock band formed in Swansea, Massachusetts, in 1966. Encompassed in Boston's psychedelic scene and considered a part of the Bosstown Sound, the band became popular regionally, and released two albums on Mainstream Records during their recording career. The Tangerine Zoo had an opportunity to achieve national recognition at the Woodstock Festival, but was forced to decline the invitation. Nonetheless, the group's material has been reinstated into the public conscious after 1960s psychedelic music collectors have discovered the Tangerine Zoo's work years after their disbandment.
History
Future Tangerine Zoo members Robert "Benny" Benevides (lead guitar), Tony Taveira (bass guitar), and Donald Smith (drums) first collaborated in the garage rock band, the Ebb Tides, which were formed in 1966. The band became popular regionally, performing as headliners at a series of festivals and battles of the bands. In mid-1966, the Ebb Tides recorded their single "My Baby's Gone" backed by a cover version of "Summertime" for Arco Records. The A-side was later featured on the compilation album Sixties Rebellion, Volume 4, in 1993 and on Quagmire, Volume 3, in 2004. However, disagreements with bandmates Charlie Robidoux and Bobby Robidoux caused the premature disbandment of the Ebb Tides. Abandoning the group's garage sound in favor of psychedelic rock, a new band called the Flower Pot was established soon after.
The band recruited Ron Medeiros (keyboards, harmonica) and Wayne Gagnon, the latter of whom Taveira was bandmates with in the group the Rockin' Teens. With the burgeoning psychedelic rock scene and hippie movement emerging in Boston, the group's new sound featuring a Hammond organ and fuzz-toned instrumentals put them on the edge of mainstream popularity. Taveira recalled later on "The band auditioned for Mercury, RCA Victor and Mainstream in the fall of 1967 in New York City", noting Mercury Records and RCA Victor Records offered the Flower Pot a recording contract to release a single and possibly an album. However, as he also explained, Mainstream Records "offered both at the same time. How could we pass that up after working so hard to get there? Mainstream had us in the studio within a month". As mandated in their contract, the band's name—a reference to marijuana—was changed to the Tangerine Zoo.
In February 1968, the band released their self-titled debut album. With seven of the nine tracks originally composed by group members, the album's best-known song is actually a six-minute rendition of Them's tune "Gloria". One review states "with swirly Hammond and feedback-drenched psychedelic noodling a-plenty doesn't seem like a good way to avoid the mainstream and do your own thing, but the band manage to stamp their own style on this classic". Ironically, the Tangerine Zoo's recording of "One Is the Loneliest Number" was not released, and became a national hit on the Billboard Hot 100 for Three Dog Night in April 1969. One track, "Nature's Children", was covered by garage band the Kidds with regional success, and appears on Pebbles, Volume 10. To promote the group's album, the Tangerine Zoo performed at Boston's popular psychedelic music clubs including the Boston Tea Party and the Psychedelic Supermarket, with the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, and the Amboy Dukes.
All the while, the Tangerine Zoo was advertised as a proponent to the Bosstown Sound, a commercial strategy focusing on several Boston-area psychedelic rock bands such as Ultimate Spinach and the Beacon Street Union. Prior to recording the group's second album, Outside Looking In, Taveira departed to finish high school. In 1969, the Tangerine Zoo was invited to perform at the Woodstock Festival; however, as a consequence of other commitments, were forced to decline the offer. The Tangerine Zoo dissolved in 1970 after music differences plagued the group. Gagnon soon resurfaced with the band Wadsworth Mansion, earning a Top 10 hit with "Sweet Mary", in 1971. Since their disbandment, the band has had three reunions: first in 1988 then again in 1990 and 1993.
Discography
Singles
"One More Heartache" b/w "Trip to the Zoo" - Mainstream Records (682), 1968
"Like People (Part 1)" b/w "Like People (Part 2)" - Mainstream Records (690), 1968
Albums
Tangerine Zoo - Mainstream Records (56107), 1968
Outside Looking In - Mainstream Records (S-6116), 1968
References
^ a b Ankeny, Jason. "The Tangerine Zoo - Biography". allmusic.com. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
^ a b c d "Tangerine Zoo". home.unet.nl. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
^ a b Palao, Alec (2009). "All Kinds of Highs (CD booklet)". Big Beat Records. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
^ a b c "The Tangerine Zoo". tangerinezoo.homestead. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
^ "The Tangerine Zoo - Tangerine Zoo". headheritage.co.uk. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
Authority control databases International
ISNI
Artists
MusicBrainz | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"psychedelic rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock"},{"link_name":"Swansea, Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"Bosstown Sound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosstown_Sound"},{"link_name":"albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album"},{"link_name":"Mainstream Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_Records"},{"link_name":"Woodstock Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_Festival"}],"text":"The Tangerine Zoo was an American psychedelic rock band formed in Swansea, Massachusetts, in 1966. Encompassed in Boston's psychedelic scene and considered a part of the Bosstown Sound, the band became popular regionally, and released two albums on Mainstream Records during their recording career. 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With the burgeoning psychedelic rock scene and hippie movement emerging in Boston, the group's new sound featuring a Hammond organ and fuzz-toned instrumentals put them on the edge of mainstream popularity.[4] Taveira recalled later on \"The band auditioned for Mercury, RCA Victor and Mainstream in the fall of 1967 in New York City\", noting Mercury Records and RCA Victor Records offered the Flower Pot a recording contract to release a single and possibly an album.[2] However, as he also explained, Mainstream Records \"offered both at the same time. How could we pass that up after working so hard to get there? Mainstream had us in the studio within a month\".[2] As mandated in their contract, the band's name—a reference to marijuana—was changed to the Tangerine Zoo.[4]In February 1968, the band released their self-titled debut album. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_(name) | Franco (name) | ["1 Surname","1.1 Arts","1.2 Politics","1.3 Sports","1.4 Others","2 Given name","3 See also","4 References"] | Franco is a common surname in Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sephardic Jewish communities deriving from the word "Frank", in reference to the Germanic tribe of the Franks, who invaded Gaul during the Migration Period. It is also commonly used as a given name in Italian.
Surname
Arts
Ani DiFranco, American musician
Buddy DeFranco, American jazz clarinetist
Daniel Franco, Los Angeles fashion designer
Diana Franco, Colombian actress
Eva Franco (1906–1999), Argentine actress
Fulvia Franco, Italian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder
Gabriela Franco, Ecuadorian vocalist and composer
Giacomo Franco, Italian etcher and publisher
Hernando Franco, Spanish composer
James Franco, Dave Franco, and Tom Franco, American actors
Jesús Franco and Ricardo Franco, Spanish directors and brothers
José Franco (poet), Panamanian poet
Larry J. Franco, American film producer
Pippo Franco, Italian actor, comedian, television presenter and singer
Tony DeFranco, Canadian musician
Politics
El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American politician
Federico Franco, former president of Paraguay
Francisco Franco, Spanish general, dictator and head of state, “caudillo” of the Government
Gustavo Franco, Brazilian central banker
Itamar Franco, former president of Brazil
João Franco, prime minister of Portugal
Julio César Franco, former vice president of Paraguay
Manuel Franco, former president of Paraguay
Rafael Franco, former president of Paraguay
Vasili Franco (born 1992), German politician
Sports
Alan Franco (footballer, born 1996), Argentine centre-back
Daniel Franco (Brazilian footballer) (born 1971), Brazilian manager and former left-back
Daniel Franco (Argentine footballer) (born 1991), Argentine centre-back
Danny Franco (born 1973), Israeli basketball coach in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
Darío Franco (born 1969), Argentine football manager
Eduardo Franco Raymundo (1934–1996), Spanish chess master
Felipe Franco (born 1982), Brazilian water polo player
Francisco Di Franco (born 1995), Argentine footballer
Godwin Franco (born 1985), Indian footballer
Guillermo Franco (born 1976), Argentine-Mexican footballer
Guillermo Franco (footballer, born 1983), Argentine defender
John Franco (born 1960), American baseball pitcher
Julio Franco (born 1958), baseball player from the Dominican Republic
Leo Franco (born 1977), Argentine footballer
Leryn Franco (born 1982), Paraguayan javelin thrower and model
Maikel Franco (born 1992), Dominican baseball player
Manuel Franco (jockey) (born 1994), Puerto Rican professional jockey
Matt Franco (born 1969), American baseball player
Nicolás Franco (footballer) (born 1996), Argentine centre-forward
Wander Franco (born 2001), Dominican baseball player for the Tampa Bay Rays
Others
Franklin Franco (1936–2013), historian and academic from the Dominican Republic
Julio Franco Arango (1914–1980), Colombian Roman Catholic bishop
Luis Franco (writer) (1898–1988), Argentine writer, essayist and poet
Marielle Franco, also known as Marielle Da Silva, (1979–2018), Brazilian activist
Ramón Franco (1896–1938), pioneer aviator and brother of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco
Salvador Franco (died 3 January 2021), Venezuelan detainee
Veronica Franco (1546–1591), Venetian courtesan and poet
Given name
A
Franco (bishop), Hungarian prelate
Franco Agamenone, Argentine tennis player
Franco Albini, Italian architect
Franco Alfano, Italian composer
Franco Amatori, Italian economic historian
Franco Armani (born 1986), Argentine footballer
Franco Ascencio (born 1981), Argentine footballer
Franco Assetto, Italian sculptor and painter
B
Franco Balbi (born 1989), Argentine basketball player
Franco Baldassarra (born 1998), Argentine footballer
Franco Baresi, Italian footballer
Franco Battiato, Italian singer and songwriter
Franco Bechtholdt (born 1993), Argentine-Chilean footballer
Franco Bellocq (born 1993), Argentine footballer
Franco Benítez (born 1991), Argentine footballer
Franco Bolignari (1928–2020), Italian singer
Franco Bonera, Italian motorcycle racer
Franco Brarda (born 1993), Argentine rugby union player
C
Franco Calderón (born 1998), Argentine footballer
Franco Calero (born 1989), Argentine footballer
Franco Canever (born 1989), Argentine footballer
Franco Cángele (born 1984), Argentine footballer
Franco Carboni (born 2003), Argentine footballer
Franco Carraro, Italian sports director
Franco Causio, Italian footballer
Franco Cervi (born 1994), Argentine footballer
Franco Chiviló (born 1991), Argentine footballer
Franco Citti, Italian actor
Franco Colapinto (born 2003), Argentine racing driver
Franco Columbu, Italian bodybuilder
Franco Corelli, Italian tenor
Franco Coria (born 1988), Argentine footballer
Franco Costa (footballer) (born 1991), Argentine footballer
Franco Costa (painter) (1935–2015), Italian painter
Franco Costanzo (born 1980), Argentine footballer
Franco Cozzo, Australian entrepreneur
Franco Cristaldi, Italian film producer
Franco Cristaldo (born 1996), Argentine footballer
D
Franco Davín (born 1970), Argentine retired tennis player and coach
Franco De Vita, Venezuelan singer
Franco Del Giglio (born 1993), Argentine footballer
Franco Di Santo, Argentine footballer
Franco Dolci (born 1984), Argentine footballer
E
Franco Escobar (born 1995), Argentine footballer
Franco Evangelisti (composer) (1926–1980), Italian composer
Franco Evangelisti (politician) (1923–1993), Italian politician
F
Franco Fabrizi, Italian actor
Franco Fagioli (born 1981), Argentine operatic countertenor
Franco Faría (born 1995), Argentine footballer
Franco Ferrara, Italian conductor
Franco Ferrari (footballer, born 1987), Peruvian midfielder
Franco Ferrari (footballer, born 1992), Argentine defender
Franco Ferrari (footballer, born 1995), Argentine forward
Franco Flores (footballer, born 1987), Argentine defender
Franco Flores (footballer, born 1993), Argentine defender
Franco Foschi, Italian politician
Franco Fragapane (born 1993), Argentine footballer
Franco Fraticelli, Italian film editor
Franco Frattini, Italian politician
G
Franco Gibbons, Palauan politician
Franco Giraldi (1931–2020), Italian film director
Franco Girolami (born 1992), Argentine motor racing driver
Franco Giuseppucci (1947–1980), Italian mobster
Franco Godoy (born 2000), Argentine footballer
Franco Gorzelewski (born 1996), Argentine footballer
Franco Grilla, American player of gridiron football
H
Franco Harris (1950–2022), American football player
Franco Hernandez (1991–2017), Filipino dancer and television personality
Franco Herrera (born 2003), Argentine footballer
I
Franco Ibarra (born 2001), Argentine footballer
Franco Javier Iglesias, Cuban singer
J
Franco Jara (born 1988), Argentine footballer
L
Franco Lazzaroni (born 1988), Argentine footballer
Franco Ledesma (born 1992), Argentine footballer
Franco Leoni, Italian opera composer
Franco Leys (born 1993), Argentine footballer
Franco Lo Cascio (born 1946), birth name of Luca Damiano, Italian film director
Franco López (born 1998), Argentine footballer
Franco Luambo (1938–1989), Congolese musician
Franco Lucentini, Italian writer
Franco Luciani (born 1981), Argentine musician
M
Franco Macri (1930–2019), Italian-Argentine contractor
Franco Malagueño (born 1998), Argentine footballer
Franco Malerba, Italian astronaut
Franco Marini, Italian politician
Franco Mazurek (born 1993), Argentine footballer
Franco Mendoza (born 1981), Argentine footballer
Franco Miranda (born 1985), Argentine footballer
Franco Modigliani, Italian-American economist
Franco Modugno, Italian law professor and judge
Franco Morales (born 1992), Chilean basketball player
Franco Moretti, Italian scholar
Franco Moschino, Italian fashion designer
Franco Moyano (born 1997), Argentine footballer
Franco Mussis (born 1992), Argentine footballer
Franco Musso (born 1974), Argentine photographer
N
Franco Navarro Jr. (born 1990), Argentine-Peruvian footballer
Franco Negri (born 1995), Argentine footballer
Franco Nero, Italian actor
Franco Neto, Brazilian beach volleyball player
Franco Niell (born 1983), Argentine footballer
O
Franco Orozco (born 2002), Argentine footballer
Franco Ortolani (1943–2019), Italian academic and politician
P
Franco Pardo (born 1997), Argentine footballer
Franco Paredes (born 1999), Argentine footballer
Franco Pellizotti, Italian cyclist
Franco Peppino (born 1982), Argentine retired footballer
Franco Pérez (footballer, born 1996), Argentine forward
Franco Pérez (footballer, born 1998), Argentine forward
Franco Pérez (footballer, born 2001), Uruguayan forward
Franco Perinciolo (born 1997), Argentine footballer
Franco Pizzicanella (born 1996), Argentine footballer
Franco Purini (born 1941), Italian architect
Q
Franco Quinteros (born 1998), Argentine footballer
Franco Quiroga (born 1986), Argentine footballer
R
Franco Racca (born 1992), Argentine retired footballer
Franco Razzotti (born 1985), Argentine footballer
Franco Maria Ricci, Italian art publisher
Franco Reviglio, Italian politician
Franco Romero (footballer, born 1995), Uruguayan right-back
Franco Romero (footballer, born 2000), Argentine central midfielder
Franco Russo (born 1994), Argentine footballer
S
Franco Sacchetti, Italian poet
Franco Sar (1933–2018), Italian decathlete
Franco Sbuttoni (born 1989), Argentine footballer
Franco Scaglione, Italian automobile designer
Franco Selvaggi, Italian footballer
Franco Semioli, Italian footballer
Franco Simon (born 1974), Indian singer and music composer
Franco Sivetti (born 1998), Argentine footballer
Franco Soldano (born 1994), Argentine footballer
Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1981), Argentine defender
Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1983), Uruguayan midfielder
Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1995), Argentine forward
Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1999), Argentine forward
Franco Squillari (born 1975), Argentine retired tennis player
T
Franco Toloza (born 1994), Argentine footballer
Franco Troyansky (born 1997), Argentine footballer
U
Franco Uncini, Italian motorcycle racer
V
Franco Vázquez (born 1989), Argentine footballer
Franco Vezzoni (born 2001), Argentine footballer
W
Franco Watson (born 2002), Argentine footballer
Z
Franco Zapiola (born 2001), Argentine footballer
Franco Zeffirelli (1923–2019), Italian film director
Franco Zuculini (born 1990), Argentine footballer
See also
Franko (name)
References
^ Origin of the surname "Franco" in www.surnames.org.
Name listThis page or section lists people that share the same given name or the same family name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. | [{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Franco (name)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ani DiFranco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ani_DiFranco"},{"link_name":"Buddy DeFranco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_DeFranco"},{"link_name":"Daniel Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Franco_(designer)"},{"link_name":"Diana Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Franco"},{"link_name":"Eva Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Franco"},{"link_name":"Fulvia Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulvia_Franco"},{"link_name":"Gabriela Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriela_Franco"},{"link_name":"Giacomo Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Franco_(etcher)"},{"link_name":"Hernando Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_Franco"},{"link_name":"James Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Franco"},{"link_name":"Dave Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Franco"},{"link_name":"Tom Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Franco"},{"link_name":"Jesús Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Franco"},{"link_name":"Ricardo Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Franco"},{"link_name":"José Franco (poet)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Franco_(poet)"},{"link_name":"Larry J. Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_J._Franco"},{"link_name":"Pippo Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippo_Franco"},{"link_name":"Tony DeFranco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_DeFranco"}],"sub_title":"Arts","text":"Ani DiFranco, American musician\nBuddy DeFranco, American jazz clarinetist\nDaniel Franco, Los Angeles fashion designer\nDiana Franco, Colombian actress\nEva Franco (1906–1999), Argentine actress\nFulvia Franco, Italian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder\nGabriela Franco, Ecuadorian vocalist and composer\nGiacomo Franco, Italian etcher and publisher\nHernando Franco, Spanish composer\nJames Franco, Dave Franco, and Tom Franco, American actors\nJesús Franco and Ricardo Franco, Spanish directors and brothers\nJosé Franco (poet), Panamanian poet\nLarry J. Franco, American film producer\nPippo Franco, Italian actor, comedian, television presenter and singer\nTony DeFranco, Canadian musician","title":"Surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"El Franco Lee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Franco_Lee"},{"link_name":"Federico Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Franco"},{"link_name":"Francisco Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Franco"},{"link_name":"Gustavo Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Franco"},{"link_name":"Itamar Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itamar_Franco"},{"link_name":"João Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Franco"},{"link_name":"Julio César Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar_Franco_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Manuel Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Franco"},{"link_name":"Rafael Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Franco"},{"link_name":"Vasili Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Franco"}],"sub_title":"Politics","text":"El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American politician\nFederico Franco, former president of Paraguay\nFrancisco Franco, Spanish general, dictator and head of state, “caudillo” of the Government\nGustavo Franco, Brazilian central banker\nItamar Franco, former president of Brazil\nJoão Franco, prime minister of Portugal\nJulio César Franco, former vice president of Paraguay\nManuel Franco, former president of Paraguay\nRafael Franco, former president of Paraguay\nVasili Franco (born 1992), German politician","title":"Surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alan Franco (footballer, born 1996)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Franco_(footballer,_born_1996)"},{"link_name":"Daniel Franco (Brazilian footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Franco_(Brazilian_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Daniel Franco (Argentine footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Franco_(Argentine_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Danny Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Franco"},{"link_name":"Israeli Basketball Premier League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Basketball_Premier_League"},{"link_name":"Darío Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_Franco"},{"link_name":"Eduardo Franco Raymundo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Franco_Raymundo"},{"link_name":"Felipe Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Franco"},{"link_name":"Francisco Di Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Di_Franco"},{"link_name":"Godwin Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin_Franco"},{"link_name":"Guillermo Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Franco"},{"link_name":"Guillermo Franco (footballer, born 1983)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Franco_(footballer,_born_1983)"},{"link_name":"John Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Franco"},{"link_name":"Julio Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Franco"},{"link_name":"Leo Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Franco"},{"link_name":"Leryn Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leryn_Franco"},{"link_name":"Maikel Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maikel_Franco"},{"link_name":"Manuel Franco (jockey)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Franco_(jockey)"},{"link_name":"Matt Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Franco"},{"link_name":"Nicolás Franco (footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Franco_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Wander Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wander_Franco"},{"link_name":"Tampa Bay Rays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays"}],"sub_title":"Sports","text":"Alan Franco (footballer, born 1996), Argentine centre-back\nDaniel Franco (Brazilian footballer) (born 1971), Brazilian manager and former left-back\nDaniel Franco (Argentine footballer) (born 1991), Argentine centre-back\nDanny Franco (born 1973), Israeli basketball coach in the Israeli Basketball Premier League\nDarío Franco (born 1969), Argentine football manager\nEduardo Franco Raymundo (1934–1996), Spanish chess master\nFelipe Franco (born 1982), Brazilian water polo player\nFrancisco Di Franco (born 1995), Argentine footballer\nGodwin Franco (born 1985), Indian footballer\nGuillermo Franco (born 1976), Argentine-Mexican footballer\nGuillermo Franco (footballer, born 1983), Argentine defender\nJohn Franco (born 1960), American baseball pitcher\nJulio Franco (born 1958), baseball player from the Dominican Republic\nLeo Franco (born 1977), Argentine footballer\nLeryn Franco (born 1982), Paraguayan javelin thrower and model\nMaikel Franco (born 1992), Dominican baseball player\nManuel Franco (jockey) (born 1994), Puerto Rican professional jockey\nMatt Franco (born 1969), American baseball player\nNicolás Franco (footballer) (born 1996), Argentine centre-forward\nWander Franco (born 2001), Dominican baseball player for the Tampa Bay Rays","title":"Surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Franklin Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Franco"},{"link_name":"Julio Franco Arango","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Franco_Arango"},{"link_name":"Luis Franco (writer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Franco_(writer)"},{"link_name":"Marielle Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marielle_Franco"},{"link_name":"Ramón Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Franco"},{"link_name":"Salvador Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Franco"},{"link_name":"Veronica Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Franco"}],"sub_title":"Others","text":"Franklin Franco (1936–2013), historian and academic from the Dominican Republic\nJulio Franco Arango (1914–1980), Colombian Roman Catholic bishop\nLuis Franco (writer) (1898–1988), Argentine writer, essayist and poet\nMarielle Franco, also known as Marielle Da Silva, (1979–2018), Brazilian activist\nRamón Franco (1896–1938), pioneer aviator and brother of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco\nSalvador Franco (died 3 January 2021), Venezuelan detainee\nVeronica Franco (1546–1591), Venetian courtesan and poet","title":"Surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Franco (bishop)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_(bishop)"},{"link_name":"Franco Agamenone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Agamenone"},{"link_name":"Franco Albini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Albini"},{"link_name":"Franco Alfano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Alfano"},{"link_name":"Franco Amatori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Amatori"},{"link_name":"Franco Armani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Armani"},{"link_name":"Franco Ascencio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ascencio"},{"link_name":"Franco Assetto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Assetto"},{"link_name":"Franco Balbi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Balbi"},{"link_name":"Franco Baldassarra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Baldassarra"},{"link_name":"Franco Baresi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Baresi"},{"link_name":"Franco Battiato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Battiato"},{"link_name":"Franco Bechtholdt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Bechtholdt"},{"link_name":"Franco Bellocq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Bellocq"},{"link_name":"Franco Benítez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ben%C3%ADtez"},{"link_name":"Franco Bolignari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Bolignari"},{"link_name":"Franco Bonera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Bonera"},{"link_name":"Franco Brarda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Brarda"},{"link_name":"Franco Calderón","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Calder%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"Franco Calero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Calero"},{"link_name":"Franco Canever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Canever"},{"link_name":"Franco Cángele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_C%C3%A1ngele"},{"link_name":"Franco Carboni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Carboni"},{"link_name":"Franco Carraro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Carraro"},{"link_name":"Franco Causio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Causio"},{"link_name":"Franco Cervi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Cervi"},{"link_name":"Franco Chiviló","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Chivil%C3%B3"},{"link_name":"Franco Citti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Citti"},{"link_name":"Franco Colapinto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Colapinto"},{"link_name":"Franco Columbu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Columbu"},{"link_name":"Franco Corelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Corelli"},{"link_name":"Franco Coria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Coria"},{"link_name":"Franco Costa (footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Costa_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Franco Costa (painter)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Costa_(painter)"},{"link_name":"Franco Costanzo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Costanzo"},{"link_name":"Franco Cozzo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Cozzo"},{"link_name":"Franco Cristaldi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Cristaldi"},{"link_name":"Franco Cristaldo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Cristaldo"},{"link_name":"Franco Davín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Dav%C3%ADn"},{"link_name":"Franco De Vita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_De_Vita"},{"link_name":"Franco Del Giglio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Del_Giglio"},{"link_name":"Franco Di Santo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Di_Santo"},{"link_name":"Franco Dolci","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Dolci"},{"link_name":"Franco Escobar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Escobar"},{"link_name":"Franco Evangelisti (composer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Evangelisti_(composer)"},{"link_name":"Franco Evangelisti (politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Evangelisti_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Franco Fabrizi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Fabrizi"},{"link_name":"Franco Fagioli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Fagioli"},{"link_name":"Franco Faría","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Far%C3%ADa"},{"link_name":"Franco Ferrara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ferrara"},{"link_name":"Franco Ferrari (footballer, born 1987)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ferrari_(footballer,_born_1987)"},{"link_name":"Franco Ferrari (footballer, born 1992)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ferrari_(footballer,_born_1992)"},{"link_name":"Franco Ferrari (footballer, born 1995)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ferrari_(footballer,_born_1995)"},{"link_name":"Franco Flores (footballer, born 1987)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Flores_(footballer,_born_1987)"},{"link_name":"Franco Flores (footballer, born 1993)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Flores_(footballer,_born_1993)"},{"link_name":"Franco Foschi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Foschi"},{"link_name":"Franco Fragapane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Fragapane"},{"link_name":"Franco Fraticelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Fraticelli"},{"link_name":"Franco Frattini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Frattini"},{"link_name":"Franco Gibbons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Gibbons"},{"link_name":"Franco Giraldi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Giraldi"},{"link_name":"Franco Girolami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Girolami"},{"link_name":"Franco Giuseppucci","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Giuseppucci"},{"link_name":"Franco Godoy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Godoy"},{"link_name":"Franco Gorzelewski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Gorzelewski"},{"link_name":"Franco Grilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Grilla"},{"link_name":"Franco Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Harris"},{"link_name":"Franco Hernandez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Hernandez"},{"link_name":"Franco Herrera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Herrera"},{"link_name":"Franco Ibarra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ibarra"},{"link_name":"Franco Javier Iglesias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Franco Jara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Jara"},{"link_name":"Franco Lazzaroni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Lazzaroni"},{"link_name":"Franco Ledesma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ledesma"},{"link_name":"Franco Leoni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Leoni"},{"link_name":"Franco Leys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Leys"},{"link_name":"Franco Lo Cascio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Lo_Cascio"},{"link_name":"Franco López","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_L%C3%B3pez_(Argentine_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Franco Luambo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Luambo"},{"link_name":"Franco Lucentini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Lucentini"},{"link_name":"Franco Luciani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Luciani"},{"link_name":"Franco Macri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Macri"},{"link_name":"Franco Malagueño","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Malague%C3%B1o"},{"link_name":"Franco Malerba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Malerba"},{"link_name":"Franco Marini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Marini"},{"link_name":"Franco Mazurek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Mazurek"},{"link_name":"Franco Mendoza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Mendoza"},{"link_name":"Franco Miranda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Miranda"},{"link_name":"Franco Modigliani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Modigliani"},{"link_name":"Franco Modugno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Modugno"},{"link_name":"Franco Morales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Morales"},{"link_name":"Franco Moretti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Moretti"},{"link_name":"Franco Moschino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Moschino"},{"link_name":"Franco Moyano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Moyano"},{"link_name":"Franco Mussis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Mussis"},{"link_name":"Franco Musso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciana_Val_and_Franco_Musso"},{"link_name":"Franco Navarro Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Navarro_Jr."},{"link_name":"Franco Negri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Negri"},{"link_name":"Franco Nero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Nero"},{"link_name":"Franco Neto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Neto"},{"link_name":"Franco Niell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Niell"},{"link_name":"Franco Orozco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Orozco"},{"link_name":"Franco Ortolani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Ortolani"},{"link_name":"Franco Pardo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Pardo"},{"link_name":"Franco Paredes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Paredes"},{"link_name":"Franco Pellizotti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Pellizotti"},{"link_name":"Franco Peppino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Peppino"},{"link_name":"Franco Pérez (footballer, born 1996)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_P%C3%A9rez_(footballer,_born_1996)"},{"link_name":"Franco Pérez (footballer, born 1998)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_P%C3%A9rez_(footballer,_born_1998)"},{"link_name":"Franco Pérez (footballer, born 2001)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_P%C3%A9rez_(footballer,_born_2001)"},{"link_name":"Franco Perinciolo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Perinciolo"},{"link_name":"Franco Pizzicanella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Pizzicanella"},{"link_name":"Franco Purini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Purini"},{"link_name":"Franco Quinteros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Quinteros"},{"link_name":"Franco Quiroga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Quiroga"},{"link_name":"Franco Racca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Racca"},{"link_name":"Franco Razzotti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Razzotti"},{"link_name":"Franco Maria Ricci","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Maria_Ricci"},{"link_name":"Franco Reviglio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Reviglio"},{"link_name":"Franco Romero (footballer, born 1995)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Romero_(footballer,_born_1995)"},{"link_name":"Franco Romero (footballer, born 2000)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Romero_(footballer,_born_2000)"},{"link_name":"Franco Russo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Russo"},{"link_name":"Franco Sacchetti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sacchetti"},{"link_name":"Franco Sar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sar"},{"link_name":"Franco Sbuttoni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sbuttoni"},{"link_name":"Franco Scaglione","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Scaglione"},{"link_name":"Franco Selvaggi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Selvaggi"},{"link_name":"Franco Semioli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Semioli"},{"link_name":"Franco Simon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Simon"},{"link_name":"Franco Sivetti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sivetti"},{"link_name":"Franco Soldano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Soldano"},{"link_name":"Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1981)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sosa_(footballer,_born_1981)"},{"link_name":"Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1983)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sosa_(footballer,_born_1983)"},{"link_name":"Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1995)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sosa_(footballer,_born_1995)"},{"link_name":"Franco Sosa (footballer, born 1999)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Sosa_(footballer,_born_1999)"},{"link_name":"Franco Squillari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Squillari"},{"link_name":"Franco Toloza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Toloza"},{"link_name":"Franco Troyansky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Troyansky"},{"link_name":"Franco Uncini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Uncini"},{"link_name":"Franco Vázquez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_V%C3%A1zquez"},{"link_name":"Franco Vezzoni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Vezzoni"},{"link_name":"Franco Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Watson"},{"link_name":"Franco 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Italian motorcycle racer\nFranco Brarda (born 1993), Argentine rugby union playerCFranco Calderón (born 1998), Argentine footballer\nFranco Calero (born 1989), Argentine footballer\nFranco Canever (born 1989), Argentine footballer\nFranco Cángele (born 1984), Argentine footballer\nFranco Carboni (born 2003), Argentine footballer\nFranco Carraro, Italian sports director\nFranco Causio, Italian footballer\nFranco Cervi (born 1994), Argentine footballer\nFranco Chiviló (born 1991), Argentine footballer\nFranco Citti, Italian actor\nFranco Colapinto (born 2003), Argentine racing driver\nFranco Columbu, Italian bodybuilder\nFranco Corelli, Italian tenor\nFranco Coria (born 1988), Argentine footballer\nFranco Costa (footballer) (born 1991), Argentine footballer\nFranco Costa (painter) (1935–2015), Italian painter\nFranco Costanzo (born 1980), Argentine footballer\nFranco Cozzo, Australian entrepreneur\nFranco Cristaldi, Italian film producer\nFranco Cristaldo (born 1996), Argentine 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Fraticelli, Italian film editor\nFranco Frattini, Italian politicianGFranco Gibbons, Palauan politician\nFranco Giraldi (1931–2020), Italian film director\nFranco Girolami (born 1992), Argentine motor racing driver\nFranco Giuseppucci (1947–1980), Italian mobster\nFranco Godoy (born 2000), Argentine footballer\nFranco Gorzelewski (born 1996), Argentine footballer\nFranco Grilla, American player of gridiron footballHFranco Harris (1950–2022), American football player\nFranco Hernandez (1991–2017), Filipino dancer and television personality\nFranco Herrera (born 2003), Argentine footballerIFranco Ibarra (born 2001), Argentine footballer\nFranco Javier Iglesias, Cuban singerJFranco Jara (born 1988), Argentine footballerLFranco Lazzaroni (born 1988), Argentine footballer\nFranco Ledesma (born 1992), Argentine footballer\nFranco Leoni, Italian opera composer\nFranco Leys (born 1993), Argentine footballer\nFranco Lo Cascio (born 1946), birth name of Luca Damiano, Italian film 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Duckworth_Memorial_Dock | Kevin Duckworth Memorial Dock | ["1 History","2 References","3 External links"] | Coordinates: 45°31′29.3″N 122°39′57.3″W / 45.524806°N 122.665917°W / 45.524806; -122.665917Dock in Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Kevin J. Duckworth Memorial DockEntrance and signage for the dock, 2020LocationLocationPortland, Oregon, United StatesCoordinates45°31′29.3″N 122°39′57.3″W / 45.524806°N 122.665917°W / 45.524806; -122.665917DetailsTypeDock
The Kevin J. Duckworth Memorial Dock is a dock on the Willamette River, along Portland, Oregon's Eastbank Esplanade.
History
"Duckworth Summer Wednesdays" series participants at the dock in 2023
The dock has served as a memorial to Kevin Duckworth since 2009. In 2016, the Oregon State Marine Board considered a proposal from Daimler Trucking North America to relocate the dock to Swan Island to the company's headquarters. This move was approved by Oregon State Marine Board and Portland Parks & Recreation (PP&R). Human Access Project (HAP) intervened to stop this move from happening. The organization proposed improvements to the dock in 2017 by hiring landscape architect firm M.I.G. to reinvision the use of the dock as a non-motorized swimming and fishing dock that included swim ladders and bike racks.
In 2020, HAP was successful in converting the use of the dock from motorized to non motorized and implementing improvements including the addition of eight swimming ladders and bike racks. On July 19, 2021, City of Portland Commissioner Mingus Mapps participated in a Duckworth Wednesday event, where he spoke and jumped in the Willamette River with his staff. In 2022, PP&R and HAP designated the dock one of six safer swimming areas on the Willamette River. In May 2024, the Portland City Council unanimously agreed to transfer the Duckworth (as well as the Holman Dock) to PP&R. These docks were previously managed by Portland Bureau of Transportation and Prosper Portland respectively.
References
^ "Duckworth Dock reinvented as arguably the best swimming hole in Portland". kgw.com. September 4, 2020. Archived from the original on 2023-07-20. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Bucket, Busta. "Trail Blazers, City of Portland to Honor Duckworth". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on 2009-08-28. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Freeman, Joe (2009-09-18). "Willamette River dock dedicated to honor Trail Blazer Kevin Duckworth". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
^ Boddie, Ken (2018-07-23). "Where We Live: The Duckworth Dock". KOIN.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
^ Leighton, Michael (2016-02-16). "Duckworth Dock May Move". portlandobserver.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-08. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
^ VanderHart, Dirk. "Trucking Giant Daimler Has Its Eye on One of Downtown's Only Public Docks". Portland Mercury. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ "Portland Outdoors: Duckworth Dock One Step Closer to Moving". Portland, OR Patch. 2016-03-30. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
^ "City gets approval to relocate Duckworth dock". kgw.com. 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
^ "Portland Outdoors: Duckworth Dock One Step Closer to Moving". Portland, OR Patch. 2016-03-30. Archived from the original on 2016-04-13. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ "Duckworth Dock reinvented as arguably the best swimming hole in Portland". kgw.com. September 4, 2020. Archived from the original on 2023-07-20. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Vandel, Willie Levenson and Tom (2016-03-24). "My View: Repurpose, don't move, Duckworth Dock". PortlandTribune.com. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
^ "Willamette River boosters want to turn Duckworth Dock into a recreational nexus". Bizjournals.com. 2017-09-13. Archived from the original on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
^ Law, Steve (2017-06-20). "A vision for swimming". PortlandTribune.com. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
^ "Portland's Newest Swimming Hole Is Ready for Your Diving Pleasure". Portland Monthly. Archived from the original on 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ "Duckworth Dock to get new bike parking area". BikePortland. 2020-08-17. Archived from the original on 2023-05-31. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ Commissioner Mingus Mapps speaks at Duckworth Dock, retrieved 2023-07-28
^ "Portland Parks & Recreation highlights 6 safer swimming spots along the Willamette River". KATU. 2022-07-25. Archived from the original on 2023-07-20. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
^ "Popular Eastbank Esplanade docks transferred to Portland parks department". KOIN.com. 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
External links
Oregon portal
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Duckworth Memorial Dock is a dock on the Willamette River, along Portland, Oregon's Eastbank Esplanade.[1]","title":"Kevin Duckworth Memorial Dock"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_Access_Project_-_Duckworth_Summer_Wednesday%E2%80%99s.jpg"},{"link_name":"Kevin Duckworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Duckworth"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Daimler Trucking North America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Truck_North_America"},{"link_name":"Swan Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Island_(Oregon)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Portland Parks & Recreation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_Parks_%26_Recreation"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Human Access Project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Access_Project"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Mingus Mapps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingus_Mapps"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"\"Duckworth Summer Wednesdays\" series participants at the dock in 2023The dock has served as a memorial to Kevin Duckworth since 2009.[2][3][4] In 2016, the Oregon State Marine Board considered a proposal from Daimler Trucking North America to relocate the dock to Swan Island to the company's headquarters.[5][6][7] This move was approved by Oregon State Marine Board and Portland Parks & Recreation (PP&R).[8][9] Human Access Project (HAP) intervened to stop this move from happening.[10][11] The organization proposed improvements to the dock in 2017 by hiring landscape architect firm M.I.G. to reinvision the use of the dock as a non-motorized swimming and fishing dock that included swim ladders and bike racks.[12][13]In 2020, HAP was successful in converting the use of the dock from motorized to non motorized and implementing improvements including the addition of eight swimming ladders and bike racks.[14][15] On July 19, 2021, City of Portland Commissioner Mingus Mapps participated in a Duckworth Wednesday event, where he spoke and jumped in the Willamette River with his staff.[16] In 2022, PP&R and HAP designated the dock one of six safer swimming areas on the Willamette River.[17] In May 2024, the Portland City Council unanimously agreed to transfer the Duckworth (as well as the Holman Dock) to PP&R. These docks were previously managed by Portland Bureau of Transportation and Prosper Portland respectively.[18]","title":"History"}] | [{"image_text":"\"Duckworth Summer Wednesdays\" series participants at the dock in 2023","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Human_Access_Project_-_Duckworth_Summer_Wednesday%E2%80%99s.jpg/220px-Human_Access_Project_-_Duckworth_Summer_Wednesday%E2%80%99s.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Duckworth Dock reinvented as arguably the best swimming hole in Portland\". kgw.com. September 4, 2020. Archived from the original on 2023-07-20. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpsie_Green | Pumpsie Green | ["1 Early life","2 Minor league career","3 Major league career","4 After baseball","5 See also","6 References","7 Further reading","8 External links"] | American baseball player (1933–2019)
Baseball player
Pumpsie GreenGreen c. 1961InfielderBorn: October 27, 1933Boley, Oklahoma, U.S.Died: July 17, 2019(2019-07-17) (aged 85)San Leandro, California, U.S.Batted: SwitchThrew: RightMLB debutJuly 21, 1959, for the Boston Red SoxLast MLB appearanceSeptember 26, 1963, for the New York MetsMLB statisticsBatting average.246Home runs13Runs batted in74
Teams
Boston Red Sox (1959–1962)
New York Mets (1963)
Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green (October 27, 1933 – July 17, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) infielder who played with the Boston Red Sox (1959–62) and New York Mets (1963). A switch-hitter who threw right-handed, he was listed as 6 ft (1.83 m) tall and 175 lb (79 kg).
Green had the distinction of being the first black player to play for the Red Sox, the last pre-expansion major-league club to integrate. In his Boston tenure, he was used mostly as a pinch runner or day-off replacement for infielders Pete Runnels and Don Buddin. Green made his debut on July 21, 1959, pinch-running in a 2–1 loss against the Chicago White Sox.
Early life
Green was born in Boley, Oklahoma, the eldest of five children. One brother, Cornell Green, was a long-time safety for the Dallas Cowboys. Another brother, Credell Green, played football at the University of Washington and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers.
Green was named Elijah, after his father, but his mother called him "Pumpsie" from an early age, although Green related that he did not know the origin of the name. Green grew up in Richmond, California, and was a three-sport athlete at El Cerrito High School.
Since major-league baseball had not yet expanded to the West Coast, Green grew up a fan of the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast League. Green later stated that he may have been even better at basketball, but chose to play baseball when he was offered a baseball scholarship at Fresno State University. However, Green decided to attend Contra Costa College when Gene Corr, his high school baseball coach, became the baseball coach there and promised Green he would play shortstop if he attended. In Green's final year of college, he tried out for the Oaks, and was signed to a contract.
Minor league career
In 1954, Green batted .297 in his second season with the Wenatchee Chiefs, an affiliate of the Oaks. In 1955, he was promoted to the Stockton Ports, the Oaks' top affiliate. Green's contract was purchased by the Boston Red Sox during the 1955 season, but he was allowed to finish the season with Stockton before playing the 1956 season with the Albany Senators, a Red Sox affiliate. Green spent the 1957 season with the Oklahoma City Indians and San Francisco Seals, and the 1958 season with the Minneapolis Millers.
In 1959, Green was invited to the Red Sox's major league spring training camp. Despite playing well and receiving much media attention, Green was sent back to Minneapolis. However, after hitting .320 through 98 games, he was promoted to the major league Red Sox.
Major league career
Green made his MLB debut on July 21, 1959, against the Chicago White Sox at Comiskey Park, entering the game in the top of the eighth as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and playing shortstop in the bottom of the eighth and becoming the Sox's first black player. He started the next day at second base, batting second and going 0-for-3. His first MLB hit came in his fourth game, on July 28 in Cleveland when he singled off of Jim Perry. That same day, pitcher Earl Wilson made his MLB debut, becoming the Red Sox' second black player. Green's first at bat at Fenway Park was on August 4 against the Kansas City Athletics; he hit a triple off the Green Monster. Green played 50 games for the 1959 Red Sox, batting .233 and playing second base almost exclusively.
Green enjoyed a much more full-time role in 1960, playing 133 games, 69 at second base, and 41 at shortstop; he batted for a .242 average.
Green may have had his best season in 1961, posting career highs in home runs (6), RBI (27), doubles (12), and stolen bases (4); however, he also had the most errors of his career in 1961, with 16. Despite a hot start to the season, Green developed appendicitis in Washington, D.C. in May, which put him out of the lineup for about four weeks and kept him from playing at full strength for even longer.
In 1962, after a weekend of humiliating losses to the New York Yankees, Green along with Gene Conley got off the bus in the middle of a traffic jam in The Bronx to find a restroom, with the bus driver subsequently driving away without the players on board. Conley was not spotted until three days later by a New York Post sports reporter at the Idlewild International Airport trying to board a plane for Israel, with no passports or luggage.
After the 1962 season, Green was traded to the New York Mets along with Tracy Stallard and Al Moran in exchange for Felix Mantilla. Green played the majority of the 1963 season with the Buffalo Bisons but also played 17 games with the Mets. He played his final major league game with the Mets on September 26, 1963. Green played two more seasons in the minor leagues before retiring after the 1965 season. In a five-season major league career, Green was a .246 hitter with 13 home runs and 74 RBI in 344 games. His 196 career hits also included 31 doubles and 12 triples.
After baseball
Green in 2012
Following his retirement from playing baseball, Green worked at Berkeley High School in Berkeley, California for over 20 years, serving as a truant officer, coaching baseball and teaching math in summer school. Green lived in El Cerrito, California, since seven years after his retirement from baseball. He was married to Marie for over 50 years.
On April 17, 2009, Green was honored by the Red Sox in a first-pitch ceremony, in recognition of 50 years since his breaking of the Red Sox color barrier. In February 2012, Green was honored by the city of El Cerrito, and presented with a proclamation honoring his "distinguished stature in baseball history." In April 2012, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch before Jackie Robinson day at Fenway Park, and also attended Fenway's 100th anniversary celebrations later that month.
On July 17, 2019, Green died at the age of 85. No cause was given.
See also
List of first black Major League Baseball players
References
^ Raley, Dan (October 8, 2003). "Where Are They Now: Credell Green". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
^ a b c d e f Crehan, Herb (2005). Red Sox Heroes Of Yesteryear. Rounder Records. p. 120. ISBN 157940118X.
^ a b "Pumpsie Green Minor League Statistics & History". baseball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
^ a b c d "Pumpsie Green Statistics and History". baseball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
^ "Chicago White Sox 2, Boston Red Sox 1". Retrosheet. July 21, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
^ "Chicago White Sox 5, Boston Red Sox 4". Retrosheet. July 22, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
^ "Boston Red Sox 8, Cleveland Indians 4 (2)". Retrosheet. July 28, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
^ "Boston Red Sox 4, Kansas City Athletics 1 (1)". Retrosheet. August 4, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
^ The Red Sox Reader. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1991. p. 33. ISBN 0-395-58776-X.
^ Selvin, Joel, "Altamont", P. 157
^ a b Burress, Charles (February 22, 2012). "History-Making Pumpsie Green Thanks City". elcerrito.patch.com. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
^ Edwards, Lauren (August 4, 2009). "Pumpsie Green Changed the Face of the Red Sox for the Better". NESN. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
^ Florence, Bob. "Rockets once ruled Indian Head". The Star Phoenix. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
^ Kepner, Tyler (April 20, 2012). "Stirring Memories of Better Times". The New York Times. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
^ "Pumpsie Green, First Black Player In Red Sox History, Dies At 85". NESN.com. July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
Further reading
Archived content
Pumpsie Green - Baseballbiography.com
Diamond Fans
The New York Mets Hall of Records
Pumpsie Green & Gene Conley try to fly to Israel
External links
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or Retrosheet
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A switch-hitter who threw right-handed, he was listed as 6 ft (1.83 m) tall and 175 lb (79 kg).Green had the distinction of being the first black player to play for the Red Sox, the last pre-expansion major-league club to integrate. In his Boston tenure, he was used mostly as a pinch runner or day-off replacement for infielders Pete Runnels and Don Buddin. 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One brother, Cornell Green, was a long-time safety for the Dallas Cowboys. Another brother, Credell Green, played football at the University of Washington and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers.[1][2]Green was named Elijah, after his father, but his mother called him \"Pumpsie\" from an early age, although Green related that he did not know the origin of the name.[2] Green grew up in Richmond, California, and was a three-sport athlete at El Cerrito High School.Since major-league baseball had not yet expanded to the West Coast, Green grew up a fan of the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast League. Green later stated that he may have been even better at basketball, but chose to play baseball when he was offered a baseball scholarship at Fresno State University. However, Green decided to attend Contra Costa College when Gene Corr, his high school baseball coach, became the baseball coach there and promised Green he would play shortstop if he attended.[2] In Green's final year of college, he tried out for the Oaks, and was signed to a contract.","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wenatchee Chiefs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenatchee_Chiefs"},{"link_name":"Stockton Ports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockton_Ports"},{"link_name":"Albany Senators","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Senators_(minor_league_baseball)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Crehan-2"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma City Indians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Indians"},{"link_name":"San Francisco Seals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Seals_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Minneapolis Millers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis_Millers"},{"link_name":"spring training","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_training"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Minors-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BBRef-4"}],"text":"In 1954, Green batted .297 in his second season with the Wenatchee Chiefs, an affiliate of the Oaks. In 1955, he was promoted to the Stockton Ports, the Oaks' top affiliate. Green's contract was purchased by the Boston Red Sox during the 1955 season, but he was allowed to finish the season with Stockton before playing the 1956 season with the Albany Senators, a Red Sox affiliate.[2] Green spent the 1957 season with the Oklahoma City Indians and San Francisco Seals, and the 1958 season with the Minneapolis Millers.In 1959, Green was invited to the Red Sox's major league spring training camp. Despite playing well and receiving much media attention, Green was sent back to Minneapolis. However, after hitting .320 through 98 games, he was promoted to the major league Red Sox.[3][4]","title":"Minor league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chicago White Sox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox"},{"link_name":"Comiskey Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiskey_Park"},{"link_name":"Vic Wertz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic_Wertz"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"second base","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_base"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Cleveland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland"},{"link_name":"Jim Perry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Perry_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Earl Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Wilson_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"at bat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_bat"},{"link_name":"Fenway Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenway_Park"},{"link_name":"Kansas City Athletics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Athletics"},{"link_name":"Green Monster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Monster"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"1959 Red Sox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Boston_Red_Sox_season"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BBRef-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BBRef-4"},{"link_name":"home runs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_run"},{"link_name":"RBI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_batted_in"},{"link_name":"doubles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"stolen bases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_base"},{"link_name":"errors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"appendicitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicitis"},{"link_name":"Washington, D.C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C."},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Crehan-2"},{"link_name":"New York Yankees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Yankees"},{"link_name":"Gene Conley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Conley"},{"link_name":"The Bronx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx"},{"link_name":"New York Post","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Post"},{"link_name":"Idlewild International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Tracy Stallard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Stallard"},{"link_name":"Al Moran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Moran"},{"link_name":"Felix Mantilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Mantilla_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Buffalo Bisons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre_Yankees"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Minors-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BBRef-4"}],"text":"Green made his MLB debut on July 21, 1959, against the Chicago White Sox at Comiskey Park, entering the game in the top of the eighth as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and playing shortstop in the bottom of the eighth and becoming the Sox's first black player.[5] He started the next day at second base, batting second and going 0-for-3.[6] His first MLB hit came in his fourth game, on July 28 in Cleveland when he singled off of Jim Perry.[7] That same day, pitcher Earl Wilson made his MLB debut, becoming the Red Sox' second black player. Green's first at bat at Fenway Park was on August 4 against the Kansas City Athletics; he hit a triple off the Green Monster.[8] Green played 50 games for the 1959 Red Sox, batting .233 and playing second base almost exclusively.[4]Green enjoyed a much more full-time role in 1960, playing 133 games, 69 at second base, and 41 at shortstop; he batted for a .242 average.[4]Green may have had his best season in 1961, posting career highs in home runs (6), RBI (27), doubles (12), and stolen bases (4); however, he also had the most errors of his career in 1961, with 16. Despite a hot start to the season, Green developed appendicitis in Washington, D.C. in May, which put him out of the lineup for about four weeks and kept him from playing at full strength for even longer.[2]In 1962, after a weekend of humiliating losses to the New York Yankees, Green along with Gene Conley got off the bus in the middle of a traffic jam in The Bronx to find a restroom, with the bus driver subsequently driving away without the players on board. Conley was not spotted until three days later by a New York Post sports reporter at the Idlewild International Airport trying to board a plane for Israel, with no passports or luggage.[9]After the 1962 season, Green was traded to the New York Mets along with Tracy Stallard and Al Moran in exchange for Felix Mantilla. Green played the majority of the 1963 season with the Buffalo Bisons but also played 17 games with the Mets. He played his final major league game with the Mets on September 26, 1963. Green played two more seasons in the minor leagues before retiring after the 1965 season.[3] In a five-season major league career, Green was a .246 hitter with 13 home runs and 74 RBI in 344 games.[4] His 196 career hits also included 31 doubles and 12 triples.","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pumpsie_Green_2012.jpg"},{"link_name":"Berkeley High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_High_School_(Berkeley,_California)"},{"link_name":"Berkeley, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_California"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Crehan-2"},{"link_name":"El Cerrito, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Cerrito,_California"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Patch-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Patch-11"},{"link_name":"Jackie Robinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Robinson"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Green in 2012Following his retirement from playing baseball, Green worked at Berkeley High School in Berkeley, California for over 20 years, serving as a truant officer,[10] coaching baseball and teaching math in summer school.[2] Green lived in El Cerrito, California, since seven years after his retirement from baseball. He was married to Marie for over 50 years.[11]On April 17, 2009, Green was honored by the Red Sox in a first-pitch ceremony, in recognition of 50 years since his breaking of the Red Sox color barrier.[12] In February 2012, Green was honored by the city of El Cerrito, and presented with a proclamation honoring his \"distinguished stature in baseball history.\"[11] In April 2012, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch before Jackie Robinson day at Fenway Park, and also attended Fenway's 100th anniversary celebrations later that month.[13][14]On July 17, 2019, Green died at the age of 85. No cause was given.[15]","title":"After baseball"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pumpsie Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//baseballbiography.com/pumpsie-green"},{"link_name":"Diamond Fans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.today/20130121095042/http://www.diamondfans.com/profile-greenp.html"},{"link_name":"The New York Mets Hall of Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20041205054759/http://rndng3rd.com/mets/playrsgl/pumgre.html"},{"link_name":"Pumpsie Green & Gene Conley try to fly to Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20120326191100/http://legacy.barstoolsports.com/article/red_sox_all_insane_team/347/"}],"text":"Archived contentPumpsie Green - Baseballbiography.com\nDiamond Fans\nThe New York Mets Hall of Records\nPumpsie Green & Gene Conley try to fly to Israel","title":"Further reading"}] | [{"image_text":"Green in 2012","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pumpsie_Green_2012.jpg/170px-Pumpsie_Green_2012.jpg"}] | [{"title":"List of first black Major League Baseball players","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_first_black_Major_League_Baseball_players"}] | [{"reference":"Raley, Dan (October 8, 2003). \"Where Are They Now: Credell Green\". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved June 13, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.seattlepi.com/sports/article/Where-Are-They-Now-Credell-Green-1126388.php","url_text":"\"Where Are They Now: Credell Green\""}]},{"reference":"Crehan, Herb (2005). Red Sox Heroes Of Yesteryear. Rounder Records. p. 120. ISBN 157940118X.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Pjw3k_MbzrgC&q=pumpsie+green&pg=PA120","url_text":"Red Sox Heroes Of Yesteryear"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/157940118X","url_text":"157940118X"}]},{"reference":"\"Pumpsie Green Minor League Statistics & History\". baseball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=green-001eli","url_text":"\"Pumpsie Green Minor League Statistics & History\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pumpsie Green Statistics and History\". baseball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/greenpu01.shtml","url_text":"\"Pumpsie Green Statistics and History\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chicago White Sox 2, Boston Red Sox 1\". Retrosheet. July 21, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B07210CHA1959.htm","url_text":"\"Chicago White Sox 2, Boston Red Sox 1\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrosheet","url_text":"Retrosheet"}]},{"reference":"\"Chicago White Sox 5, Boston Red Sox 4\". Retrosheet. July 22, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B07220CHA1959.htm","url_text":"\"Chicago White Sox 5, Boston Red Sox 4\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrosheet","url_text":"Retrosheet"}]},{"reference":"\"Boston Red Sox 8, Cleveland Indians 4 (2)\". Retrosheet. July 28, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B07282CLE1959.htm","url_text":"\"Boston Red Sox 8, Cleveland Indians 4 (2)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrosheet","url_text":"Retrosheet"}]},{"reference":"\"Boston Red Sox 4, Kansas City Athletics 1 (1)\". Retrosheet. August 4, 1959. Retrieved May 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B08041BOS1959.htm","url_text":"\"Boston Red Sox 4, Kansas City Athletics 1 (1)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrosheet","url_text":"Retrosheet"}]},{"reference":"The Red Sox Reader. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1991. p. 33. ISBN 0-395-58776-X.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/redsoxreader00rile/page/33","url_text":"The Red Sox Reader"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston","url_text":"Boston"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt","url_text":"Houghton Mifflin Harcourt"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/redsoxreader00rile/page/33","url_text":"33"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-58776-X","url_text":"0-395-58776-X"}]},{"reference":"Burress, Charles (February 22, 2012). \"History-Making Pumpsie Green Thanks City\". elcerrito.patch.com. Retrieved June 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://elcerrito.patch.com/articles/history-making-pumpsie-green-thanks-city#photo-9164068","url_text":"\"History-Making Pumpsie Green Thanks City\""}]},{"reference":"Edwards, Lauren (August 4, 2009). \"Pumpsie Green Changed the Face of the Red Sox for the Better\". NESN. Retrieved June 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nesn.com/2009/08/pumpsie-greens-legend-live-on-50-years-later.html","url_text":"\"Pumpsie Green Changed the Face of the Red Sox for the Better\""}]},{"reference":"Florence, Bob. \"Rockets once ruled Indian Head\". The Star Phoenix. Retrieved June 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://thestarphoenix.com/sports/Rockets+once+ruled+Indian+Head/6755838/story.html","url_text":"\"Rockets once ruled Indian Head\""}]},{"reference":"Kepner, Tyler (April 20, 2012). \"Stirring Memories of Better Times\". The New York Times. Retrieved June 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/21/sports/baseball/fenway-park-celebration-stirs-memories-of-red-sox-winning.html","url_text":"\"Stirring Memories of Better Times\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pumpsie Green, First Black Player In Red Sox History, Dies At 85\". NESN.com. July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://nesn.com/2019/07/pumpsie-green-first-black-player-in-red-sox-history-dies-at-85/","url_text":"\"Pumpsie Green, First Black Player In Red Sox History, Dies At 85\""}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.seattlepi.com/sports/article/Where-Are-They-Now-Credell-Green-1126388.php","external_links_name":"\"Where Are They Now: Credell Green\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Pjw3k_MbzrgC&q=pumpsie+green&pg=PA120","external_links_name":"Red Sox Heroes Of Yesteryear"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=green-001eli","external_links_name":"\"Pumpsie Green Minor League Statistics & History\""},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/greenpu01.shtml","external_links_name":"\"Pumpsie Green Statistics and History\""},{"Link":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B07210CHA1959.htm","external_links_name":"\"Chicago White Sox 2, Boston Red Sox 1\""},{"Link":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B07220CHA1959.htm","external_links_name":"\"Chicago White Sox 5, Boston Red Sox 4\""},{"Link":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B07282CLE1959.htm","external_links_name":"\"Boston Red Sox 8, Cleveland Indians 4 (2)\""},{"Link":"http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1959/B08041BOS1959.htm","external_links_name":"\"Boston Red Sox 4, Kansas City Athletics 1 (1)\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/redsoxreader00rile/page/33","external_links_name":"The Red Sox Reader"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/redsoxreader00rile/page/33","external_links_name":"33"},{"Link":"http://elcerrito.patch.com/articles/history-making-pumpsie-green-thanks-city#photo-9164068","external_links_name":"\"History-Making Pumpsie Green Thanks City\""},{"Link":"http://www.nesn.com/2009/08/pumpsie-greens-legend-live-on-50-years-later.html","external_links_name":"\"Pumpsie Green Changed the Face of the Red Sox for the Better\""},{"Link":"https://thestarphoenix.com/sports/Rockets+once+ruled+Indian+Head/6755838/story.html","external_links_name":"\"Rockets once ruled Indian Head\""},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/21/sports/baseball/fenway-park-celebration-stirs-memories-of-red-sox-winning.html","external_links_name":"\"Stirring Memories of Better Times\""},{"Link":"https://nesn.com/2019/07/pumpsie-green-first-black-player-in-red-sox-history-dies-at-85/","external_links_name":"\"Pumpsie Green, First Black Player In Red Sox History, Dies At 85\""},{"Link":"https://baseballbiography.com/pumpsie-green","external_links_name":"Pumpsie Green"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20130121095042/http://www.diamondfans.com/profile-greenp.html","external_links_name":"Diamond Fans"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20041205054759/http://rndng3rd.com/mets/playrsgl/pumgre.html","external_links_name":"The New York Mets Hall of Records"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191100/http://legacy.barstoolsports.com/article/red_sox_all_insane_team/347/","external_links_name":"Pumpsie Green & Gene Conley try to fly to Israel"},{"Link":"https://www.mlb.com/player/115084","external_links_name":"MLB"},{"Link":"https://www.espn.com/mlb/player/stats/_/id/22286","external_links_name":"ESPN"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/greenpu01.shtml","external_links_name":"Baseball Reference"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=green-001eli","external_links_name":"Baseball Reference (Minors)"},{"Link":"https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/G/Pgreep102.htm","external_links_name":"Retrosheet"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=greenpu01","external_links_name":"Pumpsie Green"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Rohmer | Paul Rohmer | ["1 Life","2 Family","3 Honour","4 Books & References"] | French physician (1876–1977)
For the 20th and 21st-century American economist, see Paul Romer.
Paul RohmerBorn(1876-11-01)1 November 1876Huttenheim, Alsace-Lorraine, then Germany, now FranceDied2 March 1977(1977-03-02) (aged 100)Strasbourg, FranceKnown forTraité de Pathologie InfantileSpouseMarie Louise KiefferChildrenLaurent, Anne-Marie, Marie-ThérèseAwardsOfficer of the Legion of Honour,
Commander of the National French Order of Merit,
Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium),
Knight of the Order of Léopold (Belgium)Scientific careerFieldsPaediatric medicineInstitutionsFrench Medicine College of Strasbourg; paediatric clinic, University of Strasbourg
Paul Rohmer (1 November 1876 – 2 March 1977) was an Alsacian physician considered the father of modern paediatrics in eastern France after World War I.
Life
Rohmer was born in Huttenheim, Alsace-Lorraine, part of the German Empire, to the farmer Albert Rohmer (1846–1912) and Marie-Elizabeth Metz (1850–1935). He became a physician after passing his thesis in Strasbourg in 1901. He worked some years in Cologne and Marburg inside Germany, and militated rapidly in order that paediatrics integrate medicine progress and social education of young mothers.
During World War I, Rohmer was a German MD officer at the military hospital of Metz. Some of his famous Prussian colleagues asked him to sign the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three in 1914, but his pro-French feelings made him refuse to sign it. After the Allies victory in 1918, he became the first Professor of Paediatrics at the French Medicine College of Strasbourg, which became part of France again after the war.
In 1920, Rohmer created the "Alsatian and Lorrainian Association of Nursery", the first one in France. The impacts of the work of this association were so huge that in 1945, more were created in France, on this model, the "National Mother and Childhood Protection" (also known as PMI (in French)).
Rohmer was a pioneer in research into prematurity, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, osteomalacia and vitamin C. He was the director of the paediatric clinic of Strasbourg until his retirement in 1947, and made it famous all around Europe. In 1946, he wrote with Robert Debré a famous manual entitled "Traité de Pathologie Infantile" (2,500 pages, two volumes) which became a reference for a whole generation of paediatricians. During his career, he was the physician of famous children, including those of the King of Belgium, of Konrad Adenauer, and of Pierre Pflimlin.
Despite his retirement at age 70 in 1947, Rohmer continued until age 99 to participate actively to his research dealing with childhood and teenagers. He died in Strasbourg in 1977. A street in the city is now called "Pr Paul Rohmer" to honor him.
Family
In February 1904, Rohmer married Marie Louise Kieffer (1880–1962), with whom he had three children: Laurent (in 1904), Anne-Marie (in 1906), and Marie-Thérèse (in 1908). The third child died a few weeks after her birth due to an unknown infection. This reinforced the single-mindedness of Rohmer to fight against the birth-death rate and prematurity.
Rohmer has a family connection with François-Joseph Offenstein (1760–1837), a general during the Napoleonic Wars and the First French Empire.
Honour
A street of Strasbourg is called "Pr Paul Rohmer" to honor him.
Officer of the Legion of Honor
Commander of the National French Order of Merit
Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
Knight of the Order of Léopold (Belgium)
Many others European distinctions
Books & References
On Paul Rohmer :
^ (in French) "Paul Rohmer une vie au service de l'enfance" by Florent Grange, 2005, 240 pages, Le Verger editeur, ISBN 2-84574-054-9
By Paul Rohmer :
"Traité de Pathologie infantile", by Paul Rohmer and Robert Debré, 1946, 2500 pages, Volume I et II
"Über Knochenbildung in verkalkten endocarditischen und endarteriitischen Herden" , by Paul Rohmer, (October 1901), Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISSN 0945-6317
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
France
BnF data
Germany
United States
Netherlands
People
Deutsche Biographie
Other
IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Paul Romer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Romer"},{"link_name":"Alsacian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace"},{"link_name":"physician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician"},{"link_name":"paediatrics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paediatric"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"}],"text":"For the 20th and 21st-century American economist, see Paul Romer.Paul Rohmer (1 November 1876 – 2 March 1977) was an Alsacian physician considered the father of modern paediatrics in eastern France after World War I.","title":"Paul Rohmer"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Huttenheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huttenheim"},{"link_name":"Alsace-Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine"},{"link_name":"German Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire"},{"link_name":"physician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician"},{"link_name":"Strasbourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg"},{"link_name":"Cologne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne"},{"link_name":"Marburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg"},{"link_name":"paediatrics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paediatric"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"MD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine"},{"link_name":"officer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lieutenant"},{"link_name":"Metz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz"},{"link_name":"Prussian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia"},{"link_name":"Manifesto of the Ninety-Three","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Ninety-Three"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Allies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Alsatian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace"},{"link_name":"Lorrainian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorraine_(region)"},{"link_name":"PMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_maternelle_et_infantile"},{"link_name":"prematurity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preterm_birth"},{"link_name":"poliomyelitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis"},{"link_name":"tuberculosis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis"},{"link_name":"osteomalacia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteomalacia"},{"link_name":"vitamin C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C"},{"link_name":"Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe"},{"link_name":"Robert Debré","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Debr%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"paediatricians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatrician"},{"link_name":"King of Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Belgium"},{"link_name":"Konrad Adenauer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer"},{"link_name":"Pierre Pflimlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin"},{"link_name":"Strasbourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg"}],"text":"Rohmer was born in Huttenheim, Alsace-Lorraine, part of the German Empire, to the farmer Albert Rohmer (1846–1912) and Marie-Elizabeth Metz (1850–1935). He became a physician after passing his thesis in Strasbourg in 1901. He worked some years in Cologne and Marburg inside Germany, and militated rapidly in order that paediatrics integrate medicine progress and social education of young mothers.During World War I, Rohmer was a German MD officer at the military hospital of Metz. Some of his famous Prussian colleagues asked him to sign the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three in 1914, but his pro-French feelings made him refuse to sign it.[1] After the Allies victory in 1918, he became the first Professor of Paediatrics at the French Medicine College of Strasbourg, which became part of France again after the war.In 1920, Rohmer created the \"Alsatian and Lorrainian Association of Nursery\", the first one in France. The impacts of the work of this association were so huge that in 1945, more were created in France, on this model, the \"National Mother and Childhood Protection\" (also known as PMI (in French)).Rohmer was a pioneer in research into prematurity, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, osteomalacia and vitamin C. He was the director of the paediatric clinic of Strasbourg until his retirement in 1947, and made it famous all around Europe. In 1946, he wrote with Robert Debré a famous manual entitled \"Traité de Pathologie Infantile\" (2,500 pages, two volumes) which became a reference for a whole generation of paediatricians. During his career, he was the physician of famous children, including those of the King of Belgium, of Konrad Adenauer, and of Pierre Pflimlin.Despite his retirement at age 70 in 1947, Rohmer continued until age 99 to participate actively to his research dealing with childhood and teenagers. He died in Strasbourg in 1977. A street in the city is now called \"Pr Paul Rohmer\" to honor him.","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"prematurity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preterm_birth"},{"link_name":"François-Joseph Offenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Offenstein"},{"link_name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars"},{"link_name":"First French Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_French_Empire"}],"text":"In February 1904, Rohmer married Marie Louise Kieffer (1880–1962), with whom he had three children: Laurent (in 1904), Anne-Marie (in 1906), and Marie-Thérèse (in 1908). The third child died a few weeks after her birth due to an unknown infection. This reinforced the single-mindedness of Rohmer to fight against the birth-death rate and prematurity.Rohmer has a family connection with François-Joseph Offenstein (1760–1837), a general during the Napoleonic Wars and the First French Empire.","title":"Family"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Strasbourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg"},{"link_name":"Officer of the Legion of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"Commander of the National French Order of Merit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_National_du_M%C3%A9rite"},{"link_name":"Commander of the Order of the Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"Knight of the Order of Léopold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_L%C3%A9opold"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"}],"text":"A street of Strasbourg is called \"Pr Paul Rohmer\" to honor him.\nOfficer of the Legion of Honor\nCommander of the National French Order of Merit\nCommander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)\nKnight of the Order of Léopold (Belgium)\nMany others European distinctions","title":"Honour"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"\"Paul Rohmer une vie au service de l'enfance\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.fnac.com/Shelf/article.asp?PRID=1715967&OrderInSession=1&Mn=1&Mu=-13&SID=a4ed873e-ba89-508b-a46c-df49b8d90007&TTL=051020062346&Origin=FnacAff&Ra=-1&To=0&Nu=1&UID=104F752B3-5A2D-B667-6BFB-F59411AE884D&Fr=0"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2-84574-054-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84574-054-9"},{"link_name":"Robert 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_College_Spikes | State College Spikes | ["1 History","1.1 Stability, then instability in Auburn (1958–1980)","1.2 Playing in Erie (1981–1987)","1.3 Playing in Hamilton (1988–1992)","1.4 Playing in Glens Falls (1993)","1.5 Playing in New Jersey (1994–2005)","1.6 Playing in State College (2006–present)","1.7 2013 Year of the Deer","1.8 2014 records will be broken","1.9 2016: Another championship comes to State College","2 Affiliation split with Pittsburgh","3 Team name","4 Season-by-season records","5 Playoffs","6 Roster","7 References","8 External links"] | This article is about the current incarnation of the team. For previous incarnations of the team, see Hamilton Redbirds and New Jersey Cardinals.
Minor league baseball teamState College SpikesFounded in 1958 State College, Pennsylvania
Team logo
Cap insignia
Minor league affiliationsClassCollegiate summer (2021–present)Previous classesClass A Short Season (1958–2020)LeagueMLB Draft League (2021–present)Previous leaguesNew York–Penn League (1958–2020)Major league affiliationsTeamUnaffiliated (2021–present)Previous teams
St. Louis Cardinals (2013–2020)
Pittsburgh Pirates (2007–2012)
St. Louis Cardinals (1981–2006)
Philadelphia Phillies (1972–1977)
Minnesota Twins (1967–1971)
New York Mets (1962–1966)
New York Yankees (1958–1961)
Minor league titlesLeague titles (9)196219641966196719701973199420142016Division titles (4)2016201420131992Team dataName
State College Spikes (2006–present)
New Jersey Cardinals (1994–2005)
Glens Falls Redbirds (1993)
Hamilton Redbirds (1988–1992)
Erie Cardinals (1981–1987)
Auburn Americans (1980)
Auburn Red Stars (1979)
Auburn Sunsets (1978)
Auburn Phillies (1972–1977)
Auburn Twins (1967–1971)
Auburn Mets (1962–1966)
Auburn Yankees (1958–1961)
ColorsNavy blue, cardinal, old gold, yellow MascotsIke the Spike & Nook MonsterBallparkMedlar Field at Lubrano Park (2006–present)Previous parks
Skylands Park (1994–2005)
East Field (1993)
Bernie Arbour Memorial Stadium (1988–1992)
Ainsworth Field (1981–1987)
Falcon Park (1958–1980)
Owner(s)/Operator(s)State College Professional Baseball LPGeneral managerScott WalkerManagerDave Trembley
The State College Spikes are a collegiate summer baseball team of the MLB Draft League. They are located in State College, Pennsylvania, and play their home games at Medlar Field on the campus of Pennsylvania State University.
The team was founded in 1958 in Auburn, New York, as an affiliate of the New York Yankees. Through its first two decades, the team's affiliation passed through the New York Mets, Minnesota Twins, and Philadelphia Phillies. In 1978, however, the team was left without a Major League Baseball (MLB) parent club. Auburn fielded independent teams in the New York–Penn League—with new nicknames each year—until 1980. Erie-area businessmen Dave Masi and Joe Castelli propped up the franchise for the 1980 season, then moved it to Erie, as the Erie Cardinals, reflecting the new affiliation with the St. Louis Cardinals. That affiliation lasted for 25 years, with three further relocations—to Hamilton, Ontario as the Hamilton Redbirds, Glens Falls, New York as the Glens Falls Redbirds and to Augusta, New Jersey as the New Jersey Cardinals.
The team settled in its current location in the State College area in 2006 and became known as the State College Spikes. After one season with the St. Louis Cardinals in State College, the Spikes ended their affiliation and became the new Class A Short Season affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, starting in 2007 and ending in 2012. The Spikes, once again, switched affiliations back to the Cardinals from 2013 to 2020. In conjunction with MLB's reorganization of the minors after the 2020 season, the team left Minor League Baseball and became part of the MLB Draft League, which serves as a showcase for draft-eligible players.
History
Stability, then instability in Auburn (1958–1980)
The State College Spikes were founded in 1958 in Auburn, New York as the Auburn Yankees. The team played its home games at Falcon Park in Auburn from 1958 to 1980. For two decades, affiliated baseball was a mainstay in Auburn. After the Yankees, the Mets, Twins and Phillies all had affiliation agreements with the team. In 1978, however, the team did not have an agreement in place. Auburn fielded an independent team known as the Auburn Sunsets. Unaffiliated baseball remained in Auburn for the following two seasons, as well. The team changed its name to the Auburn Red Stars in 1979 and Auburn Americans in 1980. Erie-area businessmen Dave Masi and Joe Castelli propped up the Americans, then reached an affiliation agreement with the St. Louis Cardinals during baseball's winter meetings. They moved the team to Erie for the 1981 season.
Playing in Erie (1981–1987)
The new Erie Cardinals played their home games at Ainsworth Field from 1981 to 1987. The team relocated to Hamilton, Ontario after the 1987 season and were replaced by the relocation of the Newark Orioles to Erie to become the Erie Orioles (now Hudson Valley Renegades) who played in the same league for the 1988 season.
Playing in Hamilton (1988–1992)
Main article: Hamilton Redbirds
The team was purchased by Albany businessman Joe Vellano and the team relocated to Bernie Arbour Memorial Stadium in Hamilton, Ontario, to become the Hamilton Redbirds. The team maintained its affiliation with the Cardinals and played in Hamilton from 1988 to 1992. In 1991, Vellano sold the Redbirds to a limited partnership headed by Barry Gordon and Marc Klee. Gordon and Klee planned to relocate the team to New Jersey where partner Rob Hillard was heading up management of a new stadium. The team spent a lame duck 1991 season in Hamilton, but in 1992, the team set the all-time record for winning percentage by a St. Louis Cardinals minor league team at .651, with a record of 56–20.
Playing in Glens Falls (1993)
The team relocated again to Glens Falls, New York, to become the Glens Falls Redbirds. The team still maintained its affiliation with the Cardinals. This relocation was only interim as the team played at East Field for the 1993 season only while the team was waiting for their new stadium in Sussex County, New Jersey to be completed.
The team's relocation to Glens Falls welcomed back professional baseball in five years. The team that previously played in Glens Falls before the Redbirds was the Eastern League's Glens Falls Tigers which relocated to London, Ontario and are now based in Trenton, New Jersey as the Trenton Thunder. Former owner Jack Tracz managed the interim operation and the manager for the 1993 season was Steve Turco after a season in which they had. Despite only agreeing to play in Glens Falls for one season, the team led the league in attendance with 78,725 and the team went 37–40, third in the 4-team McNamara Division, but just 4 games behind the Pittsfield Mets.
Playing in New Jersey (1994–2005)
Main article: New Jersey Cardinals
The team completed its relocation to Augusta, New Jersey, which is located in Sussex County to become the New Jersey Cardinals despite having construction delays on the stadium and the apparent mismanagement by the stadium group which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy 120 days before the start of the season. The team still maintained its affiliation with the Cardinals. The new stadium opened on schedule in large part due to the ownership and management of the Cardinals which was headed by Gordon and Klee's general manager Tony Torre. The team played their home games at Skylands Park from 1994 to 2005. The team put together a 43–32 regular-season mark, and then defeated the Jamestown Jammers, 2 games to 1, and the Auburn Astros, 2 games to 0, to win the league title.
Over the next nine seasons, the team experienced only one more winning season, going 39–37 in 2002. While the team suffered through several losing seasons, they quietly established new standards for Minor League Baseball attendance. With the arrival of additional teams in the New York metropolitan area and further stadium mismanagement attendance, began to slip. The Cardinals drew a league-leading 142,417 fans in their inaugural season, following that up with 157,557 in 1995, but 115,342 in 2004. The team relocated again after the 2005 season and were replaced by Sussex Skyhawks of the independent Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball. This team folded after the 2010 season, leaving Skylands Park vacant for the first time in the stadium's history.
Playing in State College (2006–present)
In October 2005, the owners agreed to sell the New Jersey Cardinals to a group headed by the principal partners of the Class Double-A Altoona Curve of the Eastern League. This allowed for a professional team to share Medlar Field at Lubrano Park with the host Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team, on whose campus the park stands. After the sale of the team was complete, the New Jersey Cardinals were then relocated to State College to become the State College Spikes. The team's new logo was then unveiled as a young white-tailed deer. The team's new colors became Penn State navy blue, cardinal, old gold, and moonlight yellow. The team still maintained their affiliation with the Cardinals in its first season in State College, but on September 21, 2006, the Spikes ended their affiliation with the Cardinals and became the new Class A-Short Season affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, starting in 2007.. In September 2012, the Spikes switched their affiliation from the Pirates back to the Cardinals.
2013 Year of the Deer
2013 was the first of 2-year deal with the St. Louis Cardinals. This would be the best year in the State College Spikes History to date with a winning season of 48–27 season. They were successful at home, with a strong 30–8 record. on the road was not so nice to them with a record of 18–19. If they were to make it to playoffs. They needed the home field advantage. They locked up the Pinckney Division over Jamestown Jammers who would make it to playoffs under the wildcard and what was very important Home field advantage. The Spikes would face the Jamestown Jammers for a 3-game Series for the right to play in the Championship game. They would lose the first game of the series and would win the next 2 that were at home and move into championship series against the Tri-City Valley Cats. Where they would win game 1 and return home only to lose and tie the series up, 1–1. The final game would see the Spikes jump out to a 1-run lead and have Tri-City answer that call with 4 runs. An amazing try in the bottom of the ninth with Mason Katz hitting a 2 run Home run to bring the score to 4–3 Tri-City but the State College Spikes would go 3 out with Cesar Valera going down swinging for the third and final out. Records were shattered with Jimmy Bosco outfielder hitting for the cycle, David Washington setting the single season record for home runs of 10 and 50 RBIs. Steven Ramos would win the Batting avg. race in the New York Penn League with a .341. This season would also see the Bull Penn have the lowest ERA in all of American Baseball Major League and Minor League. Thanks to the help of great pitchers of Mitch Harris, Kevin Herget, and Jacob Booden. The Spike would have multiple walk-off wins giving this team the nickname "cardiac kids" and a long list of multiple hit games and turning double plays. The State College Spikes hope to continue this winning ways in 2014
2014 records will be broken
2014 proved to be the start of a winning season. Most of 2013 players moved up and a new roster entered. One new player named Rowan Wick would belt a record 14 home runs out over the fences, breaking David Washington's record of 12 before being moved up to Single A Advanced. Jake Stone would wear the #32 and follow David Washington's run of Grand Slams belting one out of the park on July 4, the same day David Washington did. Alex Deloan would also join in the home run race hitting, 6 home runs. The State College Spikes team would put Auburn Dubbledays down on July 25, by setting a new single game run record with a score of 17–3 with the bottom third scoring 9 runs. The team was in the playoff chase again with a 7-game lead over Williamsport Crosscutters as of July 25.
2016: Another championship comes to State College
The Spikes jumped out to a large divisional lead early in the 2016 season. While West Virginia and Williamsport both made late runs, State College easily won the Pinckney Division in mid-August and clinched the number one seed in the NYPL playoffs a week later. After taking game one of the semifinals against the Staten Island Yankees on the road, the Spikes lost game two at home to set up a winner-take-all game three. The Spikes won that game to set up a finals clash with the Hudson Valley Renegades, a team that had success against State College during the season and won the regular season series between the teams. Despite that, State College swept Hudson Valley in two games to clinch their second league title since relocation to Happy Valley.
Affiliation split with Pittsburgh
"We're not one of these ownership groups that demands a winner every single year, but we haven't even put playoff tickets on sale," Spikes general manager Jason Dambach said in June 2012. "We've never really even come close to the playoffs. "So the mandate has been put out there. We didn't have a good team last year, and so it really doesn't make any sense to re-sign with the Pirates until September, if we are to do that." "We weren't mad about J.D.'s comments," Pirates president Frank Coonelly said. State College executives say some phone calls, texts and emails were never returned. Greenberg said the affiliation decision from the Spikes' standpoint had "zero" to do with winning and losing. In September 2012, the Pirates offered State College a player development contract extension. Spikes owner Chuck Greenberg and Coonelly appeared to reach an agreement. However, Greenberg never received a return phone call from anyone with the Pirates—not owner Bob Nutting, nor Coonelly, nor GM Neal Huntington. Huntington said that "relationship endings are not always pretty," and this one appears to fall somewhere in that category.
Team name
The team name "Spikes" has a threefold meaning. The club's official logo depicts a young white-tailed deer, for whom a "spike" is an undeveloped antler, symbolic of a young team member who may develop into a Major League Baseball player. The name also refers to a railroad spike, similar to the way the name "Altoona Curve" commemorates the famous Horseshoe Curve on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Finally, baseball players have long worn shoes with spikes. The team's official colors are Penn State navy blue, cardinal, old gold, and moonlight yellow.
Season-by-season records
(Place listed is finish in the six-team Pinckney Division, 2006–2019)
2006: 39–36 (3rd), manager Mark DeJohn
2007: 36–39 (3rd), manager Turner Ward
2008: 18–56 (6th), manager Brad Fischer
2009: 38–38 (3rd), manager Gary Robinson
2010: 33–42 (5th), manager Dave Turgeon
2011: 31–44 (n/a), manager Kimera Bartee
2012: 35–41 (n/a), manager Dave Turgeon
2013: 48–27(1st), manager Oliver Marmol
2014: 48–28(1st), manager Oliver Marmol
2015: 41-35(3rd), manager Johnny Rodriguez
2017: 40-35 (2nd)
2018: 36-40 (4th)
2019: 39-36 (3rd), manager Jose Leon
2021: 29-30-3 (4th), manager Delwyn Young
Playoffs
2013 season: Defeated Jamestown 2–1 in semifinals; lost to Tri-City 2–1 in championship.
2014 season: Defeated Hudson Valley 2–1 in semifinals; defeated Tri-City 2–1 to win championship.
2016 season: Defeated Staten Island 2–1 in semifinals; defeated Hudson Valley 2–0 to win championship.
Roster
State College Spikes roster
Players
Coaches/Other
Pitchers
31 Carson Bailey
25 Douglas Bauer
7 Tyler Boudreau
19 Jaxon Dalena
32 Jason Flores
37 Ben Harris
15 Jacob Kroeger
34 Landon O'Donnell
39 Dayne Pengelly
47 Ben Plumley
44 Drake Quinn
33 Chris Stuart
28 Sam Swygert
16 Jaren Warwick
18 Tanner Wiggins
Catchers
5 Max Bushyhead
26 Manny Jackson
Infielders
38 Cade Climie
13 Carson Luna
4 Jake Mummau
40 Deniel Ortiz
55 Brylan West
3 Blake Wilson
Outfielders
11 Tyson Bass
8 Samuel Benjamin
12 Treyson Hughes
53 Hayden Moore
41 Derek Wylie
Manager
23 Tim Battle
Coaches
48 Jared Brown (pitching)
29 Darnell Sweeney (hitting)
7-day injured list
~ Development list
# Rehab assignment
∞ Reserve list
‡ Restricted list
§ Suspended list
† Temporarily inactive list
Roster updated June 13, 2024
Transactions
→ More rosters: MiLB • MLB Draft League
References
^ "Mahoning Valley Scrappers Retain Affiliation With Major League Baseball in New MLB Draft League". Mahoning Valley Scrappers. Minor League Baseball. November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
^ "State College, St. Louis sign new PDC". Milb.com. September 17, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
^ Giger, Cory (June 3, 2012). "Tired of losing: Spikes considering ending affiliation with Pirates". Altoona Mirror. Archived from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
^ a b c Giger, Cory (September 18, 2012). "The strange tale of how the Pirates/Spikes affiliation ended". Altoona Mirror. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
^ a b c d Rob Biertempfel (September 17, 2012). "Don't blame Spikes for split with Pirates". Blog.triblive.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
External links
Official website
Statistics from Baseball-Reference
Photographs of Medlar Field at Lubrano Park, home of the State College Spikes - Rochester Area Ballparks
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Mount Nittany Medical Center | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hamilton Redbirds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Redbirds"},{"link_name":"New Jersey Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"collegiate summer baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegiate_summer_baseball"},{"link_name":"MLB Draft League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB_Draft_League"},{"link_name":"State College, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Medlar Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medlar_Field"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University"},{"link_name":"Auburn, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn,_New_York"},{"link_name":"New York Yankees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Yankees"},{"link_name":"New York Mets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Mets"},{"link_name":"Minnesota Twins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Twins"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia Phillies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies"},{"link_name":"Major League Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball"},{"link_name":"Erie-area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Erie Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"Hamilton, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Hamilton Redbirds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Redbirds"},{"link_name":"Glens Falls, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glens_Falls,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Glens Falls Redbirds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glens_Falls_Redbirds"},{"link_name":"Augusta, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"New Jersey Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"Pittsburgh Pirates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates"},{"link_name":"Minor League Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"This article is about the current incarnation of the team. For previous incarnations of the team, see Hamilton Redbirds and New Jersey Cardinals.Minor league baseball teamThe State College Spikes are a collegiate summer baseball team of the MLB Draft League. They are located in State College, Pennsylvania, and play their home games at Medlar Field on the campus of Pennsylvania State University.The team was founded in 1958 in Auburn, New York, as an affiliate of the New York Yankees. Through its first two decades, the team's affiliation passed through the New York Mets, Minnesota Twins, and Philadelphia Phillies. In 1978, however, the team was left without a Major League Baseball (MLB) parent club. Auburn fielded independent teams in the New York–Penn League—with new nicknames each year—until 1980. Erie-area businessmen Dave Masi and Joe Castelli propped up the franchise for the 1980 season, then moved it to Erie, as the Erie Cardinals, reflecting the new affiliation with the St. Louis Cardinals. That affiliation lasted for 25 years, with three further relocations—to Hamilton, Ontario as the Hamilton Redbirds, Glens Falls, New York as the Glens Falls Redbirds and to Augusta, New Jersey as the New Jersey Cardinals.The team settled in its current location in the State College area in 2006 and became known as the State College Spikes. After one season with the St. Louis Cardinals in State College, the Spikes ended their affiliation and became the new Class A Short Season affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, starting in 2007 and ending in 2012. The Spikes, once again, switched affiliations back to the Cardinals from 2013 to 2020. In conjunction with MLB's reorganization of the minors after the 2020 season, the team left Minor League Baseball and became part of the MLB Draft League, which serves as a showcase for draft-eligible players.[1]","title":"State College Spikes"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Auburn, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Auburn Yankees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn_Yankees"},{"link_name":"Falcon Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_Park"},{"link_name":"Erie-area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals"}],"sub_title":"Stability, then instability in Auburn (1958–1980)","text":"The State College Spikes were founded in 1958 in Auburn, New York as the Auburn Yankees. The team played its home games at Falcon Park in Auburn from 1958 to 1980. For two decades, affiliated baseball was a mainstay in Auburn. After the Yankees, the Mets, Twins and Phillies all had affiliation agreements with the team. In 1978, however, the team did not have an agreement in place. Auburn fielded an independent team known as the Auburn Sunsets. Unaffiliated baseball remained in Auburn for the following two seasons, as well. The team changed its name to the Auburn Red Stars in 1979 and Auburn Americans in 1980. Erie-area businessmen Dave Masi and Joe Castelli propped up the Americans, then reached an affiliation agreement with the St. Louis Cardinals during baseball's winter meetings. They moved the team to Erie for the 1981 season.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Erie Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"Ainsworth Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainsworth_Field"},{"link_name":"Hamilton, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Erie Orioles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Orioles"},{"link_name":"Hudson Valley Renegades","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Valley_Renegades"}],"sub_title":"Playing in Erie (1981–1987)","text":"The new Erie Cardinals played their home games at Ainsworth Field from 1981 to 1987. The team relocated to Hamilton, Ontario after the 1987 season and were replaced by the relocation of the Newark Orioles to Erie to become the Erie Orioles (now Hudson Valley Renegades) who played in the same league for the 1988 season.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bernie Arbour Memorial Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Arbour_Memorial_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Hamilton, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Hamilton Redbirds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Redbirds"}],"sub_title":"Playing in Hamilton (1988–1992)","text":"The team was purchased by Albany businessman Joe Vellano and the team relocated to Bernie Arbour Memorial Stadium in Hamilton, Ontario, to become the Hamilton Redbirds. The team maintained its affiliation with the Cardinals and played in Hamilton from 1988 to 1992. In 1991, Vellano sold the Redbirds to a limited partnership headed by Barry Gordon and Marc Klee. Gordon and Klee planned to relocate the team to New Jersey where partner Rob Hillard was heading up management of a new stadium. The team spent a lame duck 1991 season in Hamilton, but in 1992, the team set the all-time record for winning percentage by a St. Louis Cardinals minor league team at .651, with a record of 56–20.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Glens Falls, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glens_Falls,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Glens Falls Redbirds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glens_Falls_Redbirds"},{"link_name":"East Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Field_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Sussex County, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Eastern League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_League_(1938%E2%80%932020)"},{"link_name":"Glens Falls Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glens_Falls_Tigers"},{"link_name":"London, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Trenton, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Trenton Thunder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton_Thunder"},{"link_name":"Pittsfield Mets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsfield_Mets"}],"sub_title":"Playing in Glens Falls (1993)","text":"The team relocated again to Glens Falls, New York, to become the Glens Falls Redbirds. The team still maintained its affiliation with the Cardinals. This relocation was only interim as the team played at East Field for the 1993 season only while the team was waiting for their new stadium in Sussex County, New Jersey to be completed.The team's relocation to Glens Falls welcomed back professional baseball in five years. The team that previously played in Glens Falls before the Redbirds was the Eastern League's Glens Falls Tigers which relocated to London, Ontario and are now based in Trenton, New Jersey as the Trenton Thunder. Former owner Jack Tracz managed the interim operation and the manager for the 1993 season was Steve Turco after a season in which they had. Despite only agreeing to play in Glens Falls for one season, the team led the league in attendance with 78,725 and the team went 37–40, third in the 4-team McNamara Division, but just 4 games behind the Pittsfield Mets.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Augusta, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Sussex County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"New Jersey Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"Skylands Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylands_Park"},{"link_name":"Jamestown Jammers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown_Jammers"},{"link_name":"Auburn Astros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn_Doubledays"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Sussex Skyhawks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sussex_Skyhawks"},{"link_name":"Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian-American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball"}],"sub_title":"Playing in New Jersey (1994–2005)","text":"The team completed its relocation to Augusta, New Jersey, which is located in Sussex County to become the New Jersey Cardinals despite having construction delays on the stadium and the apparent mismanagement by the stadium group which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy 120 days before the start of the season. The team still maintained its affiliation with the Cardinals. The new stadium opened on schedule in large part due to the ownership and management of the Cardinals which was headed by Gordon and Klee's general manager Tony Torre. The team played their home games at Skylands Park from 1994 to 2005. The team put together a 43–32 regular-season mark, and then defeated the Jamestown Jammers, 2 games to 1, and the Auburn Astros, 2 games to 0, to win the league title.Over the next nine seasons, the team experienced only one more winning season, going 39–37 in 2002. While the team suffered through several losing seasons, they quietly established new standards for Minor League Baseball attendance. With the arrival of additional teams in the New York metropolitan area and further stadium mismanagement attendance, began to slip. The Cardinals drew a league-leading 142,417 fans in their inaugural season, following that up with 157,557 in 1995, but 115,342 in 2004. The team relocated again after the 2005 season and were replaced by Sussex Skyhawks of the independent Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball. This team folded after the 2010 season, leaving Skylands Park vacant for the first time in the stadium's history.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Jersey Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"Altoona Curve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altoona_Curve"},{"link_name":"Eastern League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_League_(1938%E2%80%932020)"},{"link_name":"Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions"},{"link_name":"white-tailed deer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_deer"},{"link_name":"Pittsburgh Pirates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.wnep.com/Global/story.asp?S=5445863&nav=menu158_10"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"sub_title":"Playing in State College (2006–present)","text":"In October 2005, the owners agreed to sell the New Jersey Cardinals to a group headed by the principal partners of the Class Double-A Altoona Curve of the Eastern League. This allowed for a professional team to share Medlar Field at Lubrano Park with the host Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team, on whose campus the park stands. After the sale of the team was complete, the New Jersey Cardinals were then relocated to State College to become the State College Spikes. The team's new logo was then unveiled as a young white-tailed deer. The team's new colors became Penn State navy blue, cardinal, old gold, and moonlight yellow. The team still maintained their affiliation with the Cardinals in its first season in State College, but on September 21, 2006, the Spikes ended their affiliation with the Cardinals and became the new Class A-Short Season affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, starting in 2007.[1]. In September 2012, the Spikes switched their affiliation from the Pirates back to the Cardinals.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2013 Year of the Deer","text":"2013 was the first of 2-year deal with the St. Louis Cardinals. This would be the best year in the State College Spikes History to date with a winning season of 48–27 season. They were successful at home, with a strong 30–8 record. on the road was not so nice to them with a record of 18–19. If they were to make it to playoffs. They needed the home field advantage. They locked up the Pinckney Division over Jamestown Jammers who would make it to playoffs under the wildcard and what was very important Home field advantage. The Spikes would face the Jamestown Jammers for a 3-game Series for the right to play in the Championship game. They would lose the first game of the series and would win the next 2 that were at home and move into championship series against the Tri-City Valley Cats. Where they would win game 1 and return home only to lose and tie the series up, 1–1. The final game would see the Spikes jump out to a 1-run lead and have Tri-City answer that call with 4 runs. An amazing try in the bottom of the ninth with Mason Katz hitting a 2 run Home run to bring the score to 4–3 Tri-City but the State College Spikes would go 3 out with Cesar Valera going down swinging for the third and final out. Records were shattered with Jimmy Bosco outfielder hitting for the cycle, David Washington setting the single season record for home runs of 10 and 50 RBIs. Steven Ramos would win the Batting avg. race in the New York Penn League with a .341. This season would also see the Bull Penn have the lowest ERA in all of American Baseball Major League and Minor League. Thanks to the help of great pitchers of Mitch Harris, Kevin Herget, and Jacob Booden. The Spike would have multiple walk-off wins giving this team the nickname \"cardiac kids\" and a long list of multiple hit games and turning double plays. The State College Spikes hope to continue this winning ways in 2014","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2014 records will be broken","text":"2014 proved to be the start of a winning season. Most of 2013 players moved up and a new roster entered. One new player named Rowan Wick would belt a record 14 home runs out over the fences, breaking David Washington's record of 12 before being moved up to Single A Advanced. Jake Stone would wear the #32 and follow David Washington's run of Grand Slams belting one out of the park on July 4, the same day David Washington did. Alex Deloan would also join in the home run race hitting, 6 home runs. The State College Spikes team would put Auburn Dubbledays down on July 25, by setting a new single game run record with a score of 17–3 with the bottom third scoring 9 runs. The team was in the playoff chase again with a 7-game lead over Williamsport Crosscutters as of July 25.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"West Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia_Black_Bears"},{"link_name":"Williamsport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsport_Crosscutters"},{"link_name":"Staten Island Yankees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island_Yankees"},{"link_name":"Hudson Valley Renegades","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Valley_Renegades"},{"link_name":"Happy Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Valley_(Pennsylvania)"}],"sub_title":"2016: Another championship comes to State College","text":"The Spikes jumped out to a large divisional lead early in the 2016 season. While West Virginia and Williamsport both made late runs, State College easily won the Pinckney Division in mid-August and clinched the number one seed in the NYPL playoffs a week later. After taking game one of the semifinals against the Staten Island Yankees on the road, the Spikes lost game two at home to set up a winner-take-all game three. The Spikes won that game to set up a finals clash with the Hudson Valley Renegades, a team that had success against State College during the season and won the regular season series between the teams. Despite that, State College swept Hudson Valley in two games to clinch their second league title since relocation to Happy Valley.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Frank Coonelly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Coonelly"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mirror-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trib-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mirror-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trib-5"},{"link_name":"Chuck Greenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Greenberg_(businessman)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trib-5"},{"link_name":"Bob Nutting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Nutting"},{"link_name":"Neal Huntington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Huntington"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trib-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mirror-4"}],"text":"\"We're not one of these ownership groups that demands a winner every single year, but we haven't even put playoff tickets on sale,\" Spikes general manager Jason Dambach said in June 2012. \"We've never really even come close to the playoffs. \"So the mandate has been put out there. We didn't have a good team last year, and so it really doesn't make any sense to re-sign with the Pirates until September, if we are to do that.\"[3] \"We weren't mad about J.D.'s comments,\" Pirates president Frank Coonelly said.[4] State College executives say some phone calls, texts and emails were never returned.[5] Greenberg said the affiliation decision from the Spikes' standpoint had \"zero\" to do with winning and losing.[4] In September 2012, the Pirates offered State College a player development contract extension.[5] Spikes owner Chuck Greenberg and Coonelly appeared to reach an agreement.[5] However, Greenberg never received a return phone call from anyone with the Pirates—not owner Bob Nutting, nor Coonelly, nor GM Neal Huntington.[5] Huntington said that \"relationship endings are not always pretty,\" and this one appears to fall somewhere in that category.[4]","title":"Affiliation split with Pittsburgh"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"white-tailed deer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_deer"},{"link_name":"Horseshoe Curve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_Curve_(Pennsylvania)"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad"},{"link_name":"shoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_shoe"}],"text":"The team name \"Spikes\" has a threefold meaning. The club's official logo depicts a young white-tailed deer, for whom a \"spike\" is an undeveloped antler, symbolic of a young team member who may develop into a Major League Baseball player. The name also refers to a railroad spike, similar to the way the name \"Altoona Curve\" commemorates the famous Horseshoe Curve on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Finally, baseball players have long worn shoes with spikes. The team's official colors are Penn State navy blue, cardinal, old gold, and moonlight yellow.","title":"Team name"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Turner Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner_Ward"},{"link_name":"Brad Fischer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Fischer"},{"link_name":"Gary Robinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gary_Robinson_(manager)&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"(Place listed is finish in the six-team Pinckney Division, 2006–2019)2006: 39–36 (3rd), manager Mark DeJohn\n2007: 36–39 (3rd), manager Turner Ward\n2008: 18–56 (6th), manager Brad Fischer\n2009: 38–38 (3rd), manager Gary Robinson\n2010: 33–42 (5th), manager Dave Turgeon\n2011: 31–44 (n/a), manager Kimera Bartee\n2012: 35–41 (n/a), manager Dave Turgeon\n2013: 48–27(1st), manager Oliver Marmol\n2014: 48–28(1st), manager Oliver Marmol\n2015: 41-35(3rd), manager Johnny Rodriguez\n2017: 40-35 (2nd)\n2018: 36-40 (4th)\n2019: 39-36 (3rd), manager Jose Leon\n2021: 29-30-3 (4th), manager Delwyn Young","title":"Season-by-season records"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jamestown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown_Jammers"},{"link_name":"Tri-City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-City_ValleyCats"},{"link_name":"Hudson Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Valley_Renegades"},{"link_name":"Tri-City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-City_ValleyCats"},{"link_name":"Staten Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island_Yankees"},{"link_name":"Hudson Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Valley_Renegades"}],"text":"2013 season: Defeated Jamestown 2–1 in semifinals; lost to Tri-City 2–1 in championship.\n2014 season: Defeated Hudson Valley 2–1 in semifinals; defeated Tri-City 2–1 to win championship.\n2016 season: Defeated Staten Island 2–1 in semifinals; defeated Hudson Valley 2–0 to win championship.","title":"Playoffs"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Roster"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Mahoning Valley Scrappers Retain Affiliation With Major League Baseball in New MLB Draft League\". 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Retrieved September 19, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140810230744/http://altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/561324/Tired-of-losing--Spikes-considering-ending-affiliation-with-Pirates.html?nav=751","url_text":"\"Tired of losing: Spikes considering ending affiliation with Pirates\""},{"url":"http://altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/561324/Tired-of-losing--Spikes-considering-ending-affiliation-with-Pirates.html?nav=751","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Giger, Cory (September 18, 2012). \"The strange tale of how the Pirates/Spikes affiliation ended\". Altoona Mirror. Retrieved September 19, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/564322/The-strange-tale-of-how-the-Pirates-Spikes-affiliation-ended.html?nav=751","url_text":"\"The strange tale of how the Pirates/Spikes affiliation ended\""}]},{"reference":"Rob Biertempfel (September 17, 2012). \"Don't blame Spikes for split with Pirates\". Blog.triblive.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120921014946/http://blog.triblive.com/bucco-blog/2012/09/17/dont-blame-spikes-for-split-with-pirates/","url_text":"\"Don't blame Spikes for split with Pirates\""},{"url":"http://blog.triblive.com/bucco-blog/2012/09/17/dont-blame-spikes-for-split-with-pirates/","url_text":"the original"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.wnep.com/Global/story.asp?S=5445863&nav=menu158_10","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://www.milb.com/state-college/roster","external_links_name":"Roster"},{"Link":"https://www.milb.com/state-college/roster/transactions","external_links_name":"Transactions"},{"Link":"https://www.milb.com/mahoning-valley/news/mahoning-valley-scrappers-retain-affiliation-with-major-league-baseball-in-new-m","external_links_name":"\"Mahoning Valley Scrappers Retain Affiliation With Major League Baseball in New MLB Draft League\""},{"Link":"http://www.milb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120917&content_id=38571596&fext=.jsp&vkey=pr_milb","external_links_name":"\"State College, St. Louis sign new PDC\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140810230744/http://altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/561324/Tired-of-losing--Spikes-considering-ending-affiliation-with-Pirates.html?nav=751","external_links_name":"\"Tired of losing: Spikes considering ending affiliation with Pirates\""},{"Link":"http://altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/561324/Tired-of-losing--Spikes-considering-ending-affiliation-with-Pirates.html?nav=751","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/564322/The-strange-tale-of-how-the-Pirates-Spikes-affiliation-ended.html?nav=751","external_links_name":"\"The strange tale of how the Pirates/Spikes affiliation ended\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120921014946/http://blog.triblive.com/bucco-blog/2012/09/17/dont-blame-spikes-for-split-with-pirates/","external_links_name":"\"Don't blame Spikes for split with Pirates\""},{"Link":"http://blog.triblive.com/bucco-blog/2012/09/17/dont-blame-spikes-for-split-with-pirates/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.mlbdraftleague.com/state-college","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/team.cgi?city=State+College&state=PA&country=US","external_links_name":"Statistics from Baseball-Reference"},{"Link":"http://www.frontiernet.net/~rochballparks4/statecollege/statecollege.htm","external_links_name":"Photographs of Medlar Field at Lubrano Park, home of the State College Spikes - Rochester Area Ballparks"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Antonio_Mazzini | Marco Antonio Mazzini | ["1 References"] | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Marco Antonio Mazzini is a Peruvian clarinetist.
Mazzini received a degree in clarinet from the National Conservatory of Peru, and a master's degree from the Ghent Conservatory. He has performed as a soloist with the Lima Philharmonic Orchestra, Gents Universitair Symfonisch Orkest (Belgium), Camerata Orchestra (Guatemala), Bahia Blanca Symphony Orchestra (Argentina), National Peruvian Youth Orchestra, Artis Dulcedo (Belgium), Philharmonic Orchestra of Costa Rica, Mersin Üniversitesi Akademik oda Orkestrası (Turkey), Guatemala's National Symphony Orchestra, Neuquén Symphony Orchestra (Argentina), Free State Symphony Orchestra (South Africa), MICLA Festival Orchestra (Panama), Antofagasta Symphony Orchestra (Chile) and the National Symphony Orchestra of Peru, and has represented Peru at the World Clarinet Festival. He was the bass clarinetist in the 2009 YouTube Symphony Orchestra. He was also the principal clarinetist of the Ostrava International Orchestra. In 2009 he was invited as a clarinet/bass clarinet performer with the Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra from Belgium, in a concert featuring music by Ligeti and Bartok.
As a recital soloist, concerto soloist, chamber and orchestral musician, he has performed internationally in such prestigious places as Carnegie Hall (New York), Tama Center (Tokio), Paleis voor Schone Kunsten (Brussels), Bijloke Concert Hall (Gent), Gasteig Cultural Center (Germany), FilmMuseum (Amsterdam), Museo de la Nacion (Lima) and the Paris Conservatory. He has also appeared in concert halls in Spain, Luxembourg, Italy, USA, France, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, Turkey, Thailand, Singapur, Russia, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, Brasil, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela and Guatemala. He has participated in more than 50 international music festivals.
As a bass clarinetist, he commissioned the "Concerto Silvetre" (2009) to Peruvian composer Rafael Junchaya, premiered in Valladolid with the "Artis Dulcedo orchestra" (Belgium) and later played over 25 times in many countries. On 15 May 2019, he gave the Latin American premier of the bass clarinet concerto "Dr. Livingstone I presume" by composer Bart Piqueur, together with the Peruvian Universidad de Musica's symphonic band conducted by the composer. The "Concierto Latinoamericano para clarinete bajo y banda" by Colombian composer César Cano, was dedicated to him. Mazzini premiered the concerto on 30 October in Bogotá, together with the Universidad Javeriana's symphonic band conducted by Cesar Villamil.
Marco Antonio performs and makes recordings with the contrabass clarinet, an instrument he uses in a variety of music.
He is the founder of the Peruvian Clarinet Orchestra, founder member of Thelema Trio, the Lima Clarinet Ensemble and Kinsa trio. He is also the founder and director of Clariperu, the biggest and most important clarinet organisation in Latin America.
In November 2008 he was awarded with a "Golden Chaski" by the Peruvian Ministry of Education and declared "Hijo Predilecto" of the San Luis city in Lima. He is currently the chairman for Peru and Continental Chairman (South America) for the International Clarinet Association. From 2011 he works as a clarinet and chamber music teacher at the music Faculty of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). In 2015 he won the "Prize for innovation" awarded by the PUCP. Marco Antonio is the first Latin American clarinetist to become a Buffet Crampon Artist (2011) and is also a Vandoren artist (January 2012).
References
^ "Composers Workshop II". Western Oregon University. 2005. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
^ a b "Biography". Clariperu. 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
Official Blog (in Spanish)
Clariperu - el clarinete en Latinoamérica official site
Red Latinoamericana de Ensambles de Clarinetes
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
Artists
MusicBrainz | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peruvian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"},{"link_name":"clarinetist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinetist"},{"link_name":"National Conservatory of Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Conservatory_of_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ghent Conservatory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghent_Conservatory"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wou-1"},{"link_name":"Lima Philharmonic Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lima_Philharmonic_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"National Symphony Orchestra of Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Symphony_Orchestra_of_Peru"},{"link_name":"World Clarinet Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Clarinet_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-clariperu-2"},{"link_name":"bass clarinetist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_clarinet"},{"link_name":"YouTube Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-clariperu-2"},{"link_name":"Ostrava International Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostrava_International_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels_Philharmonic_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Peruvian Clarinet Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//orquestaperuanaclarinetes.blogspot.com/"},{"link_name":"Thelema Trio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelema_Trio"},{"link_name":"Lima Clarinet Ensemble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.ensambleclarineteslima.com/"},{"link_name":"Clariperu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clariperu&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Marco Antonio Mazzini is a Peruvian clarinetist.Mazzini received a degree in clarinet from the National Conservatory of Peru, and a master's degree from the Ghent Conservatory.[1] He has performed as a soloist with the Lima Philharmonic Orchestra, Gents Universitair Symfonisch Orkest (Belgium), Camerata Orchestra (Guatemala), Bahia Blanca Symphony Orchestra (Argentina), National Peruvian Youth Orchestra, Artis Dulcedo (Belgium), Philharmonic Orchestra of Costa Rica, Mersin Üniversitesi Akademik oda Orkestrası (Turkey), Guatemala's National Symphony Orchestra, Neuquén Symphony Orchestra (Argentina), Free State Symphony Orchestra (South Africa), MICLA Festival Orchestra (Panama), Antofagasta Symphony Orchestra (Chile) and the National Symphony Orchestra of Peru, and has represented Peru at the World Clarinet Festival.[2] He was the bass clarinetist in the 2009 YouTube Symphony Orchestra.[2] He was also the principal clarinetist of the Ostrava International Orchestra. In 2009 he was invited as a clarinet/bass clarinet performer with the Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra from Belgium, in a concert featuring music by Ligeti and Bartok.As a recital soloist, concerto soloist, chamber and orchestral musician, he has performed internationally in such prestigious places as Carnegie Hall (New York), Tama Center (Tokio), Paleis voor Schone Kunsten (Brussels), Bijloke Concert Hall (Gent), Gasteig Cultural Center (Germany), FilmMuseum (Amsterdam), Museo de la Nacion (Lima) and the Paris Conservatory. He has also appeared in concert halls in Spain, Luxembourg, Italy, USA, France, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, Turkey, Thailand, Singapur, Russia, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, Brasil, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela and Guatemala. He has participated in more than 50 international music festivals.As a bass clarinetist, he commissioned the \"Concerto Silvetre\" (2009) to Peruvian composer Rafael Junchaya, premiered in Valladolid with the \"Artis Dulcedo orchestra\" (Belgium) and later played over 25 times in many countries. On 15 May 2019, he gave the Latin American premier of the bass clarinet concerto \"Dr. Livingstone I presume\" by composer Bart Piqueur, together with the Peruvian Universidad de Musica's symphonic band conducted by the composer. The \"Concierto Latinoamericano para clarinete bajo y banda\" by Colombian composer César Cano, was dedicated to him. Mazzini premiered the concerto on 30 October in Bogotá, together with the Universidad Javeriana's symphonic band conducted by Cesar Villamil.Marco Antonio performs and makes recordings with the contrabass clarinet, an instrument he uses in a variety of music.He is the founder of the Peruvian Clarinet Orchestra, founder member of Thelema Trio, the Lima Clarinet Ensemble and Kinsa trio. He is also the founder and director of Clariperu, the biggest and most important clarinet organisation in Latin America.In November 2008 he was awarded with a \"Golden Chaski\" by the Peruvian Ministry of Education and declared \"Hijo Predilecto\" of the San Luis city in Lima. He is currently the chairman for Peru and Continental Chairman (South America) for the International Clarinet Association. From 2011 he works as a clarinet and chamber music teacher at the music Faculty of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). In 2015 he won the \"Prize for innovation\" awarded by the PUCP. Marco Antonio is the first Latin American clarinetist to become a Buffet Crampon Artist (2011) and is also a Vandoren artist (January 2012).","title":"Marco Antonio Mazzini"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Composers Workshop II\". Western Oregon University. 2005. Retrieved 13 November 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wou.edu/las/creativearts/music/compshop2.html","url_text":"\"Composers Workshop II\""}]},{"reference":"\"Biography\". Clariperu. 2011. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulugeta_Yeggazu | Mulugeta Yeggazu | ["1 Biography","2 See also","3 Notes","4 References","5 External links"] | This article is about a person whose name includes a patronymic. The article properly refers to the person by his given name, Mulugeta, and not as Yeggazu.
Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu (Amharic: ሙሉጌታ ይገዙ; 17 February 1865 – 27 February 1936) was an Ethiopian government official, who served in the first cabinet formed by Emperor Menelik II. He served as Imperial Fitawrari, Commander of the Mahel Sefari (Central Army) of the Ethiopian Army during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.
Biography
Of Amhara descent, Mulugeta came from Menz in Shewa, he was relative of Emperor Menelik II and Tessema Nadew, and was a descendant of Tedu, the 18th century ruler of Morat in northern Shewa.
Mulugeta fought as a young warrior in the Battle of Adwa during the First Italo-Ethiopian War in 1896. In January 1905, he became palace treasurer (Bajerond), and a confidant of Menelik II. In 1908, he served as Minister of Finance during the last years of Emperor Menelik II's reign. He was demoted when Menelik's health detoriated and affairs was nominally ruled by Lij Iyasu. Tessema Nadew, regent of Ethiopia, reappointed Mulugeta as dejazmach over Gimira to the west Jimma. In 1916, after the deposition of Lij Iyasu, he was again made minister of Finance under Empress Zewditu.
From 1916 to 1917, he was Ethiopia's Minister of Foreign Affairs. While governor of Illubabor, Mulugeta escorted then Ras Tafari (the later Emperor Haile Selassie) on his tour of Europe in 1924. In 1926, he was appointed as Minister of War, and a few years later commanded the loyalist troops to victory at the Battle of Anchem.
During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Mulugeta was appointed Imperial Commander of the Vanguard (Fitawrari) to replace the disgraced Birru Wolde Gabriel. Along with his son, Tadessa Mulugeta, he was killed during the retreat of his defeated army from Amba Aradam .
See also
First Italo-Ethiopian War
Battle of Adwa
Gugsa Welle's Rebellion
Battle of Anchem
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Ethiopian Christmas Offensive
Battle of Amba Aradam
Notes
^ Mulugeta Yeggazu is also spelled in various sources as Mulugeta Yegazu
References
^ a b c d Ofosu-Appiah, L.H (1977). Dictionary of African biography. New York: Reference Publications. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9780917256011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ "Historical Background". 4 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011.
^ Aleqa Gebre-Igziabiher Elyas, Prowess, Piety, and Politics: The Chronicle of Abeto Iyasu and Empress Zewditu of Ethiopia (1909-1930), translated by Reidulf K. Molvaer (Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 1994), p. 377 and note
^ Haile Selassie I, My Life and Ethiopia's Progress: 1892-1937, translated by Edward Ullendorff (Chicago: Frontline Books, 1997), vol. 1 p. 84
^ Anthony Mockler, Haile Selassie's War (New York: Olive Branch Press, 2003), pp. 103f, 395. ISBN 1-56656-473-5
External links
Photo of Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu 1930
This Ethiopian history–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"patronymic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronymic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ras_Mulugeta_Yeggazu.jpg"},{"link_name":"Ras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_(title)"},{"link_name":"[note 1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Amharic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amharic"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africanbio114-1"},{"link_name":"Menelik II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II"},{"link_name":"Second Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War"}],"text":"This article is about a person whose name includes a patronymic. The article properly refers to the person by his given name, Mulugeta, and not as Yeggazu.Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu[note 1] (Amharic: ሙሉጌታ ይገዙ; 17 February 1865[1] – 27 February 1936) was an Ethiopian government official, who served in the first cabinet formed by Emperor Menelik II. He served as Imperial Fitawrari, Commander of the Mahel Sefari (Central Army) of the Ethiopian Army during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.","title":"Mulugeta Yeggazu"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Amhara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amharas"},{"link_name":"Menz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menz"},{"link_name":"Shewa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewa"},{"link_name":"Menelik II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II"},{"link_name":"Tessema Nadew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessema_Nadew"},{"link_name":"Tedu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tedu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Morat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moretna_Jiru"},{"link_name":"Shewa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewa"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africanbio114-1"},{"link_name":"Battle of Adwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa"},{"link_name":"First Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War"},{"link_name":"Bajerond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bajerond&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Menelik II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II"},{"link_name":"Minister of Finance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_and_Economic_Development_(Ethiopia)"},{"link_name":"Menelik II's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II_of_Ethiopia"},{"link_name":"Lij Iyasu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lij_Iyasu"},{"link_name":"Tessema Nadew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessema_Nadew"},{"link_name":"dejazmach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejazmach"},{"link_name":"Jimma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimma"},{"link_name":"Lij Iyasu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lij_Iyasu"},{"link_name":"Zewditu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africanbio114-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Minister of Foreign Affairs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)"},{"link_name":"Illubabor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illubabor_Province"},{"link_name":"Haile Selassie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haile_Selassie_of_Ethiopia"},{"link_name":"Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Minister of War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(Ethiopia)"},{"link_name":"Battle of Anchem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Anchem"},{"link_name":"Second Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War"},{"link_name":"Fitawrari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_aristocratic_and_court_titles"},{"link_name":"Birru Wolde Gabriel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birru_Wolde_Gabriel&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tadessa Mulugeta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tadessa_Mulugeta&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Amba Aradam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Amba_Aradam"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Of Amhara descent, Mulugeta came from Menz in Shewa, he was relative of Emperor Menelik II and Tessema Nadew, and was a descendant of Tedu, the 18th century ruler of Morat in northern Shewa.[1]Mulugeta fought as a young warrior in the Battle of Adwa during the First Italo-Ethiopian War in 1896. In January 1905, he became palace treasurer (Bajerond), and a confidant of Menelik II. In 1908, he served as Minister of Finance during the last years of Emperor Menelik II's reign. He was demoted when Menelik's health detoriated and affairs was nominally ruled by Lij Iyasu. Tessema Nadew, regent of Ethiopia, reappointed Mulugeta as dejazmach over Gimira to the west Jimma. In 1916, after the deposition of Lij Iyasu, he was again made minister of Finance under Empress Zewditu.[1][2][3]From 1916 to 1917, he was Ethiopia's Minister of Foreign Affairs. While governor of Illubabor, Mulugeta escorted then Ras Tafari (the later Emperor Haile Selassie) on his tour of Europe in 1924.[4] In 1926, he was appointed as Minister of War, and a few years later commanded the loyalist troops to victory at the Battle of Anchem.During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Mulugeta was appointed Imperial Commander of the Vanguard (Fitawrari) to replace the disgraced Birru Wolde Gabriel. Along with his son, Tadessa Mulugeta, he was killed during the retreat of his defeated army from Amba Aradam .[5]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africanbio114-1"}],"text":"^ Mulugeta Yeggazu is also spelled in various sources as Mulugeta Yegazu[1]","title":"Notes"}] | [{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Ras_Mulugeta_Yeggazu.jpg/150px-Ras_Mulugeta_Yeggazu.jpg"}] | [{"title":"First Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War"},{"title":"Battle of Adwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa"},{"title":"Gugsa Welle's Rebellion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gugsa_Welle%27s_Rebellion_(1930)"},{"title":"Battle of Anchem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Anchem"},{"title":"Second Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War"},{"title":"Ethiopian Christmas Offensive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Christmas_Offensive"},{"title":"Battle of Amba Aradam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Amba_Aradam"}] | [{"reference":"Ofosu-Appiah, L.H (1977). Dictionary of African biography. New York: Reference Publications. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9780917256011.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofafri0001unse_x4f8/page/114/mode/2up","url_text":"Dictionary of African biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780917256011","url_text":"9780917256011"}]},{"reference":"\"Historical Background\". 4 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110604074429/http://www.mofed.gov.et/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=86","url_text":"\"Historical Background\""},{"url":"http://www.mofed.gov.et/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=86","url_text":"the original"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofafri0001unse_x4f8/page/114/mode/2up","external_links_name":"Dictionary of African biography"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110604074429/http://www.mofed.gov.et/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=86","external_links_name":"\"Historical Background\""},{"Link":"http://www.mofed.gov.et/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=86","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120207054340/http://www.zadigweb.it/amis/foto.asp?id=138&idfot=233","external_links_name":"Photo of Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu 1930"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mulugeta_Yeggazu&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_National_Glass_%26_Industries_Limited | Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited | ["1 History","2 Products","3 References","4 External links"] | Indian container glassmaker
Hindustan National Glass & Industries LimitedCompany typePublicTraded asBSE: 515145 NSE: HINDNATGLSISININE952A01022IndustryGlass productionFounded1946; 78 years ago (1946)HeadquartersKolkata, West Bengal, IndiaKey peopleSanjay Somany (Chairman & MD) Mukul Somany (Vice-Chairman & MD)Websitewww.hngil.com
Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited (HNGIL) is an Indian container glassmaker based in Kolkata. The company is the largest and one of the oldest glass manufacturing companies in India.
History
Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited is engaged in manufacturing and selling of container glass The company was originally incorporated on 23 February, under the name of "Hindustan National Glass Manufacturing Company Limited". On 22 November 1971 the name was changed to the present one. In 2018, it is reported to have barely escaped bankruptcy.
Products
The company manufactures containers for pharmaceuticals, liquor, beer, beverages, cosmetics and processed food.
References
^ "Stock Share Price - Get Quote - BSE". www.bseindia.com.
^ "Hindusthan National Glass and Industries > Location Details > Glass & Glass Products > Location Details of Hindusthan National Glass and Industries - BSE: 515145, NSE: HINDNATGLS". www.moneycontrol.com.
^ Reporter, S. I. (30 August 2018). "Hindustan National Glass zooms 53% in three days on debt resolution plan" – via Business Standard.
^ "Hindusthan National Glass & Industries to repay Rs 2,000 cr in nick of time, escape NCLT". DNA India. 29 August 2018.
^ Law, Abhishek (13 December 2018). "Hind Glass gets 90 days more to settle debt". @businessline.
^ Editorial, Reuters. "Company Profile for ${Instrument_CompanyName}". IN. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
^ "Latest Hindusthan national glass industries ltd information at www.indiainfoline.com". www.indiainfoline.comcompany.
External links
Company website | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kolkata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited (HNGIL) is an Indian container glassmaker based in Kolkata. The company is the largest and one of the oldest glass manufacturing companies in India.[citation needed]","title":"Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited is engaged in manufacturing and selling of container glass [3] The company was originally incorporated on 23 February, under the name of \"Hindustan National Glass Manufacturing Company Limited\". On 22 November 1971 the name was changed to the present one. In 2018, it is reported to have barely escaped bankruptcy.[4][5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"The company manufactures containers for pharmaceuticals, liquor, beer, beverages, cosmetics and processed food.[6][7]","title":"Products"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Stock Share Price - Get Quote - BSE\". www.bseindia.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/hindusthan-national-glass--industries-ltd/hindnatgls/515145/","url_text":"\"Stock Share Price - Get Quote - BSE\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hindusthan National Glass and Industries > Location Details > Glass & Glass Products > Location Details of Hindusthan National Glass and Industries - BSE: 515145, NSE: HINDNATGLS\". www.moneycontrol.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/hindusthannationalglassindustries/locations/HNG01","url_text":"\"Hindusthan National Glass and Industries > Location Details > Glass & Glass Products > Location Details of Hindusthan National Glass and Industries - BSE: 515145, NSE: HINDNATGLS\""}]},{"reference":"Reporter, S. I. (30 August 2018). \"Hindustan National Glass zooms 53% in three days on debt resolution plan\" – via Business Standard.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/hindustan-national-glass-zooms-53-in-three-days-on-debt-resolution-plan-118083000254_1.html","url_text":"\"Hindustan National Glass zooms 53% in three days on debt resolution plan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hindusthan National Glass & Industries to repay Rs 2,000 cr in nick of time, escape NCLT\". DNA India. 29 August 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-hindusthan-national-glass-industries-to-repay-rs-2000-cr-in-nick-of-time-escape-nclt-2656180","url_text":"\"Hindusthan National Glass & Industries to repay Rs 2,000 cr in nick of time, escape NCLT\""}]},{"reference":"Law, Abhishek (13 December 2018). \"Hind Glass gets 90 days more to settle debt\". @businessline.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/hind-glass-gets-90-days-more-to-settle-debt/article25734776.ece","url_text":"\"Hind Glass gets 90 days more to settle debt\""}]},{"reference":"Editorial, Reuters. \"Company Profile for ${Instrument_CompanyName}\". IN.","urls":[{"url":"https://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-profile/HNGI.BO","url_text":"\"Company Profile for ${Instrument_CompanyName}\""}]},{"reference":"\"Latest Hindusthan national glass industries ltd information at www.indiainfoline.com\". www.indiainfoline.comcompany.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.indiainfoline.comcompany/hindusthan-national-glass-industries-ltd/summary/4640","url_text":"\"Latest Hindusthan national glass industries ltd information at www.indiainfoline.com\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/x/y/515145/","external_links_name":"515145"},{"Link":"https://www.nseindia.com/get-quotes/equity?symbol=HINDNATGLS","external_links_name":"HINDNATGLS"},{"Link":"https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=INE952A01022","external_links_name":"INE952A01022"},{"Link":"http://www.hngil.com/","external_links_name":"www.hngil.com"},{"Link":"https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/hindusthan-national-glass--industries-ltd/hindnatgls/515145/","external_links_name":"\"Stock Share Price - Get Quote - BSE\""},{"Link":"https://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/hindusthannationalglassindustries/locations/HNG01","external_links_name":"\"Hindusthan National Glass and Industries > Location Details > Glass & Glass Products > Location Details of Hindusthan National Glass and Industries - BSE: 515145, NSE: HINDNATGLS\""},{"Link":"https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/hindustan-national-glass-zooms-53-in-three-days-on-debt-resolution-plan-118083000254_1.html","external_links_name":"\"Hindustan National Glass zooms 53% in three days on debt resolution plan\""},{"Link":"https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-hindusthan-national-glass-industries-to-repay-rs-2000-cr-in-nick-of-time-escape-nclt-2656180","external_links_name":"\"Hindusthan National Glass & Industries to repay Rs 2,000 cr in nick of time, escape NCLT\""},{"Link":"https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/hind-glass-gets-90-days-more-to-settle-debt/article25734776.ece","external_links_name":"\"Hind Glass gets 90 days more to settle debt\""},{"Link":"https://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-profile/HNGI.BO","external_links_name":"\"Company Profile for ${Instrument_CompanyName}\""},{"Link":"https://www.indiainfoline.comcompany/hindusthan-national-glass-industries-ltd/summary/4640","external_links_name":"\"Latest Hindusthan national glass industries ltd information at www.indiainfoline.com\""},{"Link":"http://www.hngil.com/","external_links_name":"Company website"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Condon_(politician) | Frank Condon (politician) | ["1 History","2 Politics","3 Interests","4 Recognition","5 External links","6 References"] | Australian politician
Francis Joseph "Frank" Condon, CMG (3 December 1884 – 15 July 1961) was a trade unionist and Labor politician in South Australia.
History
Frank was born, perhaps in Burra, a son of William Alfred Condon (23 May 1860 – 18 March 1932), who married Catherine Tobin (24 May 1860 – ) at Kooringa, near Burra, on 15 October 1881. Frank had five brothers and one sister; all grew up in Hallam Street, Port Pirie.
He was working as a "needleman", sewing bags of flour in Port Pirie for John Dunn around 1906 when he was persuaded to move to Adelaide and organise a union for workers in the flour mills.
He was in 1910 the South Australian representative at a Federal conference which established the Federated Millers and Mill Employes Union, and was that body's South Australian Secretary from 1910 to at least 1928.
He was elected Federal president of the Federated Millers and Mill Employes Association around 1930, and still held that position in 1951.
In 1911 he was elected president of the Port Adelaide Trades and Labour Council. During the First World War he served on the Prices Regulation Commission, work for which he received much praise.
Politics
He was elected auditor for the Port Adelaide Council in 1914, then councillor for East Ward in 1920.
Condon was elected to the seat of Port Adelaide in the House of Assembly in 1924 after defeating incumbent John Stanley Verran for Labor preselection. He was defeated by independent Protestant Labor Party candidate Thomas Thompson at the 1927 election. Condon successfully challenged the result before parliament, alleging that he had been libelled, resulting in Thompson's win being voided, but Condon lost the resulting by-election by a larger margin.
He succeeded in a bid for the Legislative Council in a by-election following the death of Andrew Kirkpatrick, and held the seat until his own death in 1961. He served on the public Works Standing Committee, which oversaw the construction Morgan-Whyalla pipeline, Mount Bold Reservoir, Anzac Highway, Birkenhead Bridge, Port Adelaide and Glenelg sewage treatment works, the operating theatre complex at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, the Uley-Wanilla Basin scheme to supply water to Port Lincoln, and Adelaide Boys' High School on West Terrace. In 1926 he was chairman of the Manufacturing and Secondary Industries Royal Commission. He was Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council.
Interests
Frank was a keen racegoer and supporter of thoroughbred racing.
Recognition
Condon was personally invested with the CMG by the Queen in 1954.
External links
"Francis Condon". Former members of the Parliament of South Australia. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
References
^ "Golden Wedding". The Recorder. Port Pirie, SA. 22 October 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.
^ "Mr. W. A. Condon Dead". The Recorder. Port Pirie, SA. 19 March 1932. p. 1. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.
^ "Wizards of the Needle". The Recorder. Port Pirie, SA. 11 January 1954. p. 3. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.
^ a b c "South Australian profile No. 89 He Has Worked For Working Men". The News. Adelaide. 9 January 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.
^ "Flourmill Employes". The Register. Adelaide. 11 May 1910. p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.
^ "PORT ADELAIDE BY-ELECTION". The Register. Adelaide. 5 July 1927. p. 9. Retrieved 11 May 2015 – via Trove.
^ "T. T. THOMPSON WINS". The Mail. Adelaide. 2 July 1927. p. 1. Retrieved 11 May 2015 – via Trove.
^ "Congratulated on his CMG". The News. Adelaide. 1 January 1954. p. 1. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.
^ "Government House Investiture: Many Honored". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 25 March 1954. p. 7. Retrieved 17 November 2014 – via Trove.
South Australian House of Assembly
Preceded byJohn Stanley Verran
Member for Port Adelaide 1924–1927
Succeeded byThomas Thompson
South Australian Legislative Council
Preceded byAndrew Kirkpatrick
Member for Central District No. 1 1928–1961
Succeeded byAlfred Kneebone | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frank_Condon.jpg"},{"link_name":"CMG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George"},{"link_name":"Labor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(South_Australian_Branch)"},{"link_name":"South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia"}],"text":"Francis Joseph \"Frank\" Condon, CMG (3 December 1884 – 15 July 1961) was a trade unionist and Labor politician in South Australia.","title":"Frank Condon (politician)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Burra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burra,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"Kooringa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooringa,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Port Pirie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Pirie,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"John Dunn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dunn_(miller)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-profile-4"},{"link_name":"Federated Millers and Mill Employes Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Millers_and_Mill_Employes_Union"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Federated Millers and Mill Employes Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Millers_and_Mill_Employes_Association"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-profile-4"}],"text":"Frank was born, perhaps in Burra, a son of William Alfred Condon (23 May 1860 – 18 March 1932), who married Catherine Tobin (24 May 1860 – ) at Kooringa, near Burra, on 15 October 1881.[1] Frank had five brothers and one sister; all grew up in Hallam Street, Port Pirie.[2]He was working as a \"needleman\", sewing bags of flour in Port Pirie for John Dunn[3] around 1906 when he was persuaded to move to Adelaide and organise a union for workers in the flour mills.[4]He was in 1910 the South Australian representative at a Federal conference which established the Federated Millers and Mill Employes Union,[5] and was that body's South Australian Secretary from 1910 to at least 1928. \nHe was elected Federal president of the Federated Millers and Mill Employes Association around 1930, and still held that position in 1951.\nIn 1911 he was elected president of the Port Adelaide Trades and Labour Council. During the First World War he served on the Prices Regulation Commission, work for which he received much praise.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Port Adelaide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Port_Adelaide"},{"link_name":"House of Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australian_House_of_Assembly"},{"link_name":"John Stanley Verran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stanley_Verran"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Protestant Labor Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Labor_Party"},{"link_name":"Thomas Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Thompson_(Australian_politician)"},{"link_name":"1927 election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_South_Australian_state_election"},{"link_name":"resulting by-election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1927_Port_Adelaide_state_by-election&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Legislative Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australian_Legislative_Council"},{"link_name":"by-election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1928_Central_District_No._1_state_by-election&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Andrew Kirkpatrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Kirkpatrick_(Australian_politician)"},{"link_name":"Morgan-Whyalla pipeline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan-Whyalla_pipeline"},{"link_name":"Mount Bold Reservoir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Bold_Reservoir"},{"link_name":"Anzac Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzac_Highway"},{"link_name":"Birkenhead Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkenhead_Bridge"},{"link_name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Adelaide_Hospital"},{"link_name":"Port Lincoln","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Lincoln,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"Adelaide Boys' High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_Boys%27_High_School"},{"link_name":"West Terrace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Terrace,_Adelaide"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-profile-4"}],"text":"He was elected auditor for the Port Adelaide Council in 1914, then councillor for East Ward in 1920.Condon was elected to the seat of Port Adelaide in the House of Assembly in 1924 after defeating incumbent John Stanley Verran for Labor preselection.[6] He was defeated by independent Protestant Labor Party candidate Thomas Thompson at the 1927 election. Condon successfully challenged the result before parliament, alleging that he had been libelled, resulting in Thompson's win being voided, but Condon lost the resulting by-election by a larger margin.[7]He succeeded in a bid for the Legislative Council in a by-election following the death of Andrew Kirkpatrick, and held the seat until his own death in 1961. He served on the public Works Standing Committee, which oversaw the construction Morgan-Whyalla pipeline, Mount Bold Reservoir, Anzac Highway, Birkenhead Bridge, Port Adelaide and Glenelg sewage treatment works, the operating theatre complex at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, the Uley-Wanilla Basin scheme to supply water to Port Lincoln, and Adelaide Boys' High School on West Terrace. In 1926 he was chairman of the Manufacturing and Secondary Industries Royal Commission. He was Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council.[4]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Frank was a keen racegoer and supporter of thoroughbred racing.[8]","title":"Interests"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"CMG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George"},{"link_name":"the Queen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Condon was personally invested with the CMG by the Queen in 1954.[9]","title":"Recognition"}] | [{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Frank_Condon.jpg/220px-Frank_Condon.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Francis Condon\". Former members of the Parliament of South Australia. Retrieved 20 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Search/Member?type=member&id=4204","url_text":"\"Francis Condon\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Australia","url_text":"Parliament of South Australia"}]},{"reference":"\"Golden Wedding\". The Recorder. Port Pirie, SA. 22 October 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95820201","url_text":"\"Golden Wedding\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorder_(Port_Pirie)","url_text":"The Recorder"}]},{"reference":"\"Mr. W. A. Condon Dead\". The Recorder. Port Pirie, SA. 19 March 1932. p. 1. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95914408","url_text":"\"Mr. W. A. Condon Dead\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorder_(Port_Pirie)","url_text":"The Recorder"}]},{"reference":"\"Wizards of the Needle\". The Recorder. Port Pirie, SA. 11 January 1954. p. 3. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article96183276","url_text":"\"Wizards of the Needle\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorder_(Port_Pirie)","url_text":"The Recorder"}]},{"reference":"\"South Australian profile No. 89 He Has Worked For Working Men\". The News. Adelaide. 9 January 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article134479176","url_text":"\"South Australian profile No. 89 He Has Worked For Working Men\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News_(Adelaide)","url_text":"The News"}]},{"reference":"\"Flourmill Employes\". The Register. Adelaide. 11 May 1910. p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58139020","url_text":"\"Flourmill Employes\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Register_(Adelaide)","url_text":"The Register"}]},{"reference":"\"PORT ADELAIDE BY-ELECTION\". The Register. Adelaide. 5 July 1927. p. 9. Retrieved 11 May 2015 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55040400","url_text":"\"PORT ADELAIDE BY-ELECTION\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Register_(Adelaide)","url_text":"The Register"}]},{"reference":"\"T. T. THOMPSON WINS\". The Mail. Adelaide. 2 July 1927. p. 1. Retrieved 11 May 2015 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58539288","url_text":"\"T. T. THOMPSON WINS\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mail_(Adelaide)","url_text":"The Mail"}]},{"reference":"\"Congratulated on his CMG\". The News. Adelaide. 1 January 1954. p. 1. Retrieved 18 November 2014 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article134474144","url_text":"\"Congratulated on his CMG\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News_(Adelaide)","url_text":"The News"}]},{"reference":"\"Government House Investiture: Many Honored\". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 25 March 1954. p. 7. Retrieved 17 November 2014 – via Trove.","urls":[{"url":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47568940","url_text":"\"Government House Investiture: Many Honored\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)","url_text":"The Advertiser"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Search/Member?type=member&id=4204","external_links_name":"\"Francis Condon\""},{"Link":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95820201","external_links_name":"\"Golden Wedding\""},{"Link":"https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95914408","external_links_name":"\"Mr. W. A. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milligan_College_Buffaloes | Milligan Buffaloes | ["1 Varsity teams","1.1 Football","2 2022 Car Crash","3 National championships","3.1 Team","4 Notable people","5 References","6 External links"] | Athletic teams representing Milligan University
Milligan BuffaloesUniversityMilligan UniversityAssociationNAIAConferenceAAC (primary)Athletic directorChristian PopeLocationMilligan College, TennesseeVarsity teams27 (12 men's, 15 women's)Basketball arenaSteve Lacy FieldhouseBaseball stadiumAnglin Baseball FieldSoftball stadiumAnglin Softball FieldSoccer stadiumAnglin Soccer FieldTennis venueMathes Tennis CenterMascotBrutusNicknameBuffaloesColorsMilligan Orange and Buffalo Black Websitewww.milliganbuffs.com/landing/index
The Milligan Buffaloes are the athletic teams that represent Milligan University, located in Milligan College, Tennessee, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Appalachian Athletic Conference (AAC) since the 2001–02 academic year.
Varsity teams
Milligan competes in 29 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country, cycling, eSports, golf, soccer, swimming, tennis, track & field, triathlon and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cheerleading, cross country, cycling, dance, eSports, flag football, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track & field, triathlon and volleyball. Former sports included football and men's disc golf.
Football
Football was discontinued in 1950 due to financial reasons.
2022 Car Crash
In 2022 a car hit a group of 3 students who were practicing in York County, Virginia. One student, Eli Cramer, was killed in the crash. The Virginia State Police latter arrested the man responsible for the crash who was Driving under the influence. The other students survived. Crammer was honoured at what would have been his graduation in 2024
National championships
Team
Sport
Association
Division
Year
Opponent/Runner-up
Score
Men's cross country (2)
NAIA
Single
2021
Saint Mary
115–175
2023
Saint Mary
93–98
Women's cross country (1)
NAIA
Single
2021
Saint Francis (IL)
122–141
Notable people
Will Little, Major League Baseball umpire
Doc Ozmer, professional baseball player with the Philadelphia Athletics
Sonny Smith, College Basketball Coach
Ryan Kent, 3x All American NAIA Champion of Character
References
^ "Brand Guide". Retrieved July 16, 2023.
^ "Schools". NAIA.ORG. NAIA. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
^ "Members". Appalachian Athletic Conference. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
^ "Like a Rock for 50 years at Milligan College, Duard Walker has taught traditional values". Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ a b c "VSP: Car hits 3 Milligan athletes, killing 1". WJHL | Tri-Cities News & Weather. April 1, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
^ "VSP: Man facing DUI charges after crash kills Milligan runner, injures 2 more". WJHL | Tri-Cities News & Weather. April 1, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
^ Williams, Heather (April 27, 2024). "Honoring a life cut short: Milligan star Eli Cramer remembered on graduation day". WCYB. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
^ Williams, Trey (February 28, 2015). "Little born to be major-league umpire". Johnson City Press. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
^ "Doc Ozmer". Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
External links
Official website
vteAppalachian Athletic ConferenceFull members
Bluefield Rams
Brenau Golden Tigers
Bryan Lions
Columbia College Koalas
Columbia International Rams
Johnson Royals
Kentucky Christian Knights
Milligan Buffaloes
Montreat Cavaliers
Pikeville Bears
Reinhardt Eagles
St. Andrews Knights
SCAD Atlanta Bees
Tennessee Wesleyan Bulldogs
Truett McConnell Bears
Union College Bulldogs/Lady Bulldogs
This article about a sports team in Tennessee is a stub. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_Thompson | Rebecca Thompson | ["1 Early life and education","2 Career","3 Selected publications","4 References"] | American physicist, popular science writer
Rebecca Caroline ThompsonBornChicagoAlma materUniversity of Texas at Austin Bryn Mawr CollegeScientific careerInstitutionsAmerican Physical Society FermiLabThesisFlowers in three dimensions and beyond (2007)
Rebecca Caroline Thompson is an American physicist, popular science writer, and head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach at Fermilab. Her first book, Fire, Ice, and Physics, explores the science of Game of Thrones, and was published by MIT Press in 2019. She was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2016.
Early life and education
Thompson was born in Chicago and raised near Annapolis, Maryland. Her father was a physicist and her mother a high school principal. Thompson was encouraged by one of her friends to take a class in physics, and enjoyed it so much she decided to study it at university. She was the youngest person in Delaware to get her skydiving license.
Thompson majored in physics at Bryn Mawr College. She moved to the University of Texas at Austin for her graduate studies, where she studied pattern formation in buckled membranes using computational modeling. She worked under the supervision of Michael Marder in the Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics. Specifically, she looked at the morphology of nano-flowers that form at the tip of silicon nanowires as well as the formation of ripples in sheets of graphene. The silicon nanowire tips form nano-flowers when in the presence of different gases. In the nano-flower formation process, the nanowires extend, and intricate patterns of silicon oxide start to form. She has shown that the nanowires extend more in the presence of gold, and that nano-flowers only form in the presence of oxygen. She reported that ripples in graphene sheets can be understood by considering the adsorption of hydroxide molecules in random sites across the graphene layers. The process of adsorbing hydroxide causes the carbon – carbon bonds to extend, which can result in static buckling. During her graduate studies, she became more interested in teaching and doing physics outreach.
Career
In 2008, Thompson joined the American Physical Society as Head of Public Outreach. At APS, Thompson created the comic series Spectra: The Original Laser Superhero. The series, illustrated by Kerry G. Johnson and published by Physics Central, followed a middle school student (Lucy Hene) with laser-related superpowers. These included being able to pass through transparent surfaces, change colors depending on her levels of energy and play compact discs. The comic book was popular amongst physicist and comic book readers, and was part of the annual comic book convention San Diego Comi-Con'.
Thompson was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2016. Thompson is a fan of Game of Thrones, and wrote Fire, Ice, and Physics, the Science of Game of Thrones for MIT Press in 2019. In 2019 Thompson joined Fermilab as Head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach.
Selected publications
Thompson, Rebecca C. (2020). Fire, Ice, and Physics: The science of Game of Thrones. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04307-6. OCLC 1083675174.
References
^ a b c d "Becky Thompson | PhysicsCentral". www.physicscentral.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ a b Biron, Lauren (12 September 2019). "Q&A: Becky Thompson". Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ Thompson, Rebecca Caroline (December 2007), Flowers in three dimensions and beyond, Bibcode:2007PhDT.......174T, hdl:2152/29682, OCLC 908351172, Wikidata Q106466069
^ a b Thompson-Flagg, R. C.; Moura, M. J. B.; Marder, M. (2009). "Rippling of graphene". EPL (Europhysics Letters). 85 (4): 46002. arXiv:0807.2938. Bibcode:2009EL.....8546002T. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/85/46002. ISSN 0295-5075. S2CID 119024976.
^ "Thompson, Becky". APS CUWiP 2018 at KU. 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ Thompson-Flagg, Rebecca (2010). "PhysicsQuest: Spectra" (PDF). Illustrated by Kerry G. Johnson. American Physical Society. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ a b "Spectra Takes on San Diego Comic-Con". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ a b "Comic Book Physics: Enlightening Science for All". Society of Physics Students. 2016-12-12. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ "APS Fellow Archive". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ "Rebecca C. Thompson". MIT Press. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ "Dr Rebecca Thompson and the Science of "Game of Thrones"". Slice of SciFi. 2019-12-08. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
^ "Fermilab welcomes Rebecca Thompson as head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach". Retrieved 2021-04-11.
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
Israel
United States
Czech Republic
Other
IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fermilab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermilab"},{"link_name":"Game of Thrones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_of_Thrones"},{"link_name":"MIT Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press"},{"link_name":"American Physical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Physical_Society"}],"text":"Rebecca Caroline Thompson is an American physicist, popular science writer, and head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach at Fermilab. Her first book, Fire, Ice, and Physics, explores the science of Game of Thrones, and was published by MIT Press in 2019. She was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2016.","title":"Rebecca Thompson"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago"},{"link_name":"Annapolis, Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"Bryn Mawr College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_College"},{"link_name":"University of Texas at Austin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin"},{"link_name":"Michael Marder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Marder"},{"link_name":"nano-flowers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoflower"},{"link_name":"silicon nanowires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_nanowire"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"silicon oxide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_oxide"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"hydroxide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxide"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"}],"text":"Thompson was born in Chicago and raised near Annapolis, Maryland. Her father was a physicist and her mother a high school principal.[1] Thompson was encouraged by one of her friends to take a class in physics, and enjoyed it so much she decided to study it at university.[1] She was the youngest person in Delaware to get her skydiving license.[2]Thompson majored in physics at Bryn Mawr College. She moved to the University of Texas at Austin for her graduate studies, where she studied pattern formation in buckled membranes using computational modeling. She worked under the supervision of Michael Marder in the Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics. Specifically, she looked at the morphology of nano-flowers that form at the tip of silicon nanowires as well as the formation of ripples in sheets of graphene.[3] The silicon nanowire tips form nano-flowers when in the presence of different gases. In the nano-flower formation process, the nanowires extend, and intricate patterns of silicon oxide start to form.[1] She has shown that the nanowires extend more in the presence of gold, and that nano-flowers only form in the presence of oxygen.[1] She reported that ripples in graphene sheets can be understood by considering the adsorption of hydroxide molecules in random sites across the graphene layers.[4] The process of adsorbing hydroxide causes the carbon – carbon bonds to extend, which can result in static buckling.[4] During her graduate studies, she became more interested in teaching and doing physics outreach.[2]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"American Physical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Physical_Society"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Kerry G. Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_G._Johnson"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-8"},{"link_name":"compact discs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_disc"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-8"},{"link_name":"comic book convention","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_book_convention"},{"link_name":"San Diego Comi-Con","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-7"},{"link_name":"American Physical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Physical_Society"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Game of Thrones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_of_Thrones"},{"link_name":"MIT Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Fermilab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermilab"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"In 2008, Thompson joined the American Physical Society as Head of Public Outreach. At APS, Thompson created the comic series Spectra: The Original Laser Superhero.[5] The series, illustrated by Kerry G. Johnson and published by Physics Central,[6] followed a middle school student (Lucy Hene) with laser-related superpowers.[7][8] These included being able to pass through transparent surfaces, change colors depending on her levels of energy and play compact discs.[8] The comic book was popular amongst physicist and comic book readers, and was part of the annual comic book convention San Diego Comi-Con'.[7]Thompson was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2016.[9] Thompson is a fan of Game of Thrones, and wrote Fire, Ice, and Physics, the Science of Game of Thrones for MIT Press in 2019.[10][11] In 2019 Thompson joined Fermilab as Head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach.[12]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fire, Ice, and Physics: The science of Game of Thrones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1083675174"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-262-04307-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04307-6"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1083675174","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1083675174"}],"text":"Thompson, Rebecca C. (2020). Fire, Ice, and Physics: The science of Game of Thrones. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04307-6. OCLC 1083675174.","title":"Selected publications"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Thompson, Rebecca C. (2020). Fire, Ice, and Physics: The science of Game of Thrones. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04307-6. OCLC 1083675174.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1083675174","url_text":"Fire, Ice, and Physics: The science of Game of Thrones"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04307-6","url_text":"978-0-262-04307-6"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1083675174","url_text":"1083675174"}]},{"reference":"\"Becky Thompson | PhysicsCentral\". www.physicscentral.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210509024008/https://www.physicscentral.com/explore/people/thompson.cfm","url_text":"\"Becky Thompson | PhysicsCentral\""},{"url":"https://www.physicscentral.com/explore/people/thompson.cfm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Biron, Lauren (12 September 2019). \"Q&A: Becky Thompson\". Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.fnal.gov/2019/09/qa-becky-thompson/","url_text":"\"Q&A: Becky Thompson\""}]},{"reference":"Thompson, Rebecca Caroline (December 2007), Flowers in three dimensions and beyond, Bibcode:2007PhDT.......174T, hdl:2152/29682, OCLC 908351172, Wikidata Q106466069","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT.......174T","url_text":"2007PhDT.......174T"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2152%2F29682","url_text":"2152/29682"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/908351172","url_text":"908351172"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)","url_text":"Wikidata"},{"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106466069","url_text":"Q106466069"}]},{"reference":"Thompson-Flagg, R. C.; Moura, M. J. B.; Marder, M. (2009). \"Rippling of graphene\". EPL (Europhysics Letters). 85 (4): 46002. arXiv:0807.2938. Bibcode:2009EL.....8546002T. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/85/46002. ISSN 0295-5075. S2CID 119024976.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/85/46002","url_text":"\"Rippling of graphene\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)","url_text":"arXiv"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.2938","url_text":"0807.2938"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EL.....8546002T","url_text":"2009EL.....8546002T"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1209%2F0295-5075%2F85%2F46002","url_text":"10.1209/0295-5075/85/46002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0295-5075","url_text":"0295-5075"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119024976","url_text":"119024976"}]},{"reference":"\"Thompson, Becky\". APS CUWiP 2018 at KU. 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://apscuwip.ku.edu/thompson-rebecca","url_text":"\"Thompson, Becky\""}]},{"reference":"Thompson-Flagg, Rebecca (2010). \"PhysicsQuest: Spectra\" (PDF). Illustrated by Kerry G. Johnson. American Physical Society. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.physicscentral.com/experiment/physicsquest/upload/spectra-manual.pdf","url_text":"\"PhysicsQuest: Spectra\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_G._Johnson","url_text":"Kerry G. Johnson"}]},{"reference":"\"Spectra Takes on San Diego Comic-Con\". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201808/comic-con.cfm","url_text":"\"Spectra Takes on San Diego Comic-Con\""}]},{"reference":"\"Comic Book Physics: Enlightening Science for All\". Society of Physics Students. 2016-12-12. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.spsnational.org/the-sps-observer/fall/2016/comic-book-physics-enlightening-science-all","url_text":"\"Comic Book Physics: Enlightening Science for All\""}]},{"reference":"\"APS Fellow Archive\". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm","url_text":"\"APS Fellow Archive\""}]},{"reference":"\"Rebecca C. Thompson\". MIT Press. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/contributors/rebecca-c-thompson","url_text":"\"Rebecca C. Thompson\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dr Rebecca Thompson and the Science of \"Game of Thrones\"\". Slice of SciFi. 2019-12-08. Retrieved 2021-04-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sliceofscifi.com/2019/12/07/slice-of-scifi-918/","url_text":"\"Dr Rebecca Thompson and the Science of \"Game of Thrones\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fermilab welcomes Rebecca Thompson as head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Dominican_Republic | Tourism in the Dominican Republic | ["1 History of tourism in the Dominican Republic","2 Tourism in the present day","3 Visitor statistics","4 Weather in Punta Cana","5 Tourism in the 2000s until 2009","6 Major tourist destinations in the Dominican Republic","6.1 East Region","6.2 Santo Domingo","6.3 North Region or Cibao","6.4 South Region","7 Gallery","8 See also","9 References"] | Cayo Levantado, Samana.
Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an important sector of the country's economy. More than 10 million tourists visited the Dominican Republic in 2023, making it the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean and putting it in the top 5 overall in the Americas. The industry accounts for 11.6% of the nation's GDP and is a particularly important source of revenue in coastal areas of the country. The nation's tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world. In 2022, the nation's tourism was named the best-performing nation post-pandemic with over 5% visitors more in comparison to pre-pandemic levels in 2019.
As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to Pico Duarte, the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, and Lake Enriquillo, its largest lake and lowest elevation. The earliest cathedral, castle, monastery and fortress built in all of the Americas is located in Santo Domingo's Colonial Zone, an area declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History of tourism in the Dominican Republic
Colonial city of Santo DomingoDue to political conflicts and warfare that had been present throughout most of the country's history, tourism was not common in the Dominican Republic until the 1930s. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo's rise to power represented a turning point for this facet of the economy. During the 1940s, the Trujillo government initiated the development of eight government-owned-and-operated resorts in the capital of Ciudad Trujillo (now Santo Domingo) to foster the growth of a tourism industry. The most famous of these developments was the Hotel Jaragua, which gathered international attention for its luxury, alongside the Malecón de Santo Domingo in 1942. Many of the hotels built during this time remain open and include: the Hotel Provincial, which is now a children's hospital; the Hotel la Paz, now known as the Hotel Hispaniola; and the Hotel Comercial in the Colonial Zone, which was the first privately owned hotel in the country.
Hotel development was not limited to the capital. Several provincial capitals were the site of Trujillo's public works projects. These included the Hotel Matún in Santiago de los Caballeros, the Hotel Guarocuya in Barahona, the Hotel Maguana in San Juan de la Maguana, and the Hotel Montaña in Jarabacoa. The building of the Hotel Macori in the San Pedro de Macorís Province was the first development in the eastern end of the country, which has now become the country's main tourist destination.
In 1955, the Fair of Peace and Fraternity of the Free World (Feria de la Paz y Confraternidad del Mundo Libre) was organized in Ciudad Trujillo, to honour the 25th year of Trujillo's rule. The event was intended to attract international visitors and showcase the development of the country's tourism industry, but attendance was below expectations and foreign investments failed to materialize.
In the 1950s, construction of the Las Américas International Airport took place, along with highway systems to connect it to the capital and better accommodate the country's growing number of tourists. The Cuban Revolution and resultant embargo served to redirect American tourists to Ciudad Trujillo as the Latin American tourism destination of choice. Conversely, political instability and social unrest in the wake of the assassination of the Mirabal Sisters in 1960, the assassination of Trujillo in 1961, and the Dominican Civil War of 1965 and subsequent US military occupation, led to a notable decrease in tourism.
In the post-civil war era, the tourism industry of the country saw an upswing through increased government attention and changes in economic policies. In 1971, the Tourist Incentive Law (Law 153) was passed to create the department for the Development of Tourism Infrastructure (INFRATUR). Its aims were to promote infrastructure projects, encourage private investment, and cooperate with the Ministry of Tourism to further grow the tourism industry. By encouraging private investment through low-interest loans, the Dominican Republic underwent two distinct periods of hotel and resort building that increased the number of hotel rooms from 1,134 in 1970 to over 20,000 by 1990. The country also saw the number of tourists increase from 278,000 in 1975 to over one million visitors by 1987, surpassing traditional Caribbean resort locations.
Tourism in the present day
From the 1990s, the Dominican tourism industry has been developed and operated at its fullest, developing more housing complexes, through agreements and foreign advisors. Consequently, the number of hotel rooms in the decade of the 1980s was about 8,562 and the 1990s was 45,000.
In 1997, around 270,830 foreign tourists arrived by sea, of which 156,099 used the ports in Santo Domingo, 5,566 arrived via the port of Puerto Plata, 108,698 disembarked in La Romana, 404 in Samaná and 63 in Boca Chica. This figure compared with those of 1996, it shows that in 1997 the number of foreign visitors who used the waterway increased by over one hundred percent.
In 1996 entered to the country by sea 110.936, an amount that increased to 270,380 cruise passengers. Despite not having any financial incentive for ecotourism, this is in its true splendor. It posed above is confirmed by the annual statistics for visitation to ecotourism businesses and protected areas, which exceed 800,000 people. It quote the following data, for the year 1998: total visitors to ecotourism projects was 930,000.
Increasing competition, for example created by the Asian markets, and a change in the motivation of tourists, now forces authorities managing regions, and tour operators to supplement their offer with new options, not based directly on the sun, sand and sea. Additionally, some Asian markets, for example Thailand, have a very reasonable tax rate for tourist consumption (7%), whereas the Dominican Republic has an extremely high rate (18 to 28%). It has been argued that the Dominican Republic should focus on diversifying its tourism product, so as to prevent elimination from the market by competitors when tourists completely change their preferences by shifting, for example, from 3S to 3E and to focus on industrial and cultural tours such as the road tar mine at la quenera, approximately 10 km south of the Haitian boarder.
Visitor statistics
Most visitors arriving to Dominican Republic were from the following areas of residence or countries of nationality:
Note: Air arrivals only, it excludes arrivals by land and sea
Country/Territory
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
United States
2,578,292
2,004,849
1,655,324
612,433
2,030,257
2,237,519
2,073,963
2,085,186
2,001,909
1,784,486
1,587,404
Canada
893,742
557,985
123,861
337,297
865,927
892,020
827,721
768,486
745,860
706,394
684,071
France
161,385
217,508
106,490
77,834
219,750
228,629
221,492
232,024
227,483
229,678
232,754
Russia
24,424
113,650
183,700
75,847
217,082
224,064
245,346
136,249
71,572
180,821
188,110
Argentina
211,528
188,837
36,422
39,540
189,211
221,850
182,170
137,642
133,888
112,489
107,305
Germany
134,958
171,409
98,100
37,048
180,567
217,185
265,709
259,133
247,613
230,733
214,151
United Kingdom
172,621
188,063
21,213
31,525
158,085
187,492
177,534
165,111
142,083
126,563
108,236
Spain
181,164
181,588
117,652
44,998
170,138
163,273
177,993
169,760
172,245
150,859
142,207
Brazil
124,366
83,968
50,326
29,624
111,260
132,861
95,416
125,984
140,348
114,129
92,870
Chile
126,737
117,077
34,024
25,653
114,080
114,613
101,481
84,601
87,766
82,027
74,118
Colombia
343,446
293,564
152,814
35,279
116,812
112,176
103,444
100,697
78,735
62,893
48,174
Puerto Rico
226,279
163,709
107,150
36,721
117,039
105,695
111,095
121,131
115,084
103,891
74,580
Venezuela
99,524
106,602
125,936
34,286
111,576
101,155
109,734
170,713
167,176
112,854
75,173
Italy
92,214
87,553
35,835
28,614
92,674
82,581
84,094
81,729
86,680
82,010
80,112
Mexico
103,633
72,478
45,465
17,718
56,034
44,667
36,741
36,997
32,719
34,743
26,584
World
8,058,671
5,805,349
3,655,217
1,699,194
5,357,619
5,618,561
5,354,017
5,178,050
4,872,319
4,511,062
4,117,493
Weather in Punta Cana
The weather in Punta Cana averages between a high of 81 °F to 86 °F.
The average days per month is 11.25. Hours of sunshine can vary from 8 to 10 hours. The seawater temperature will vary from 79 °F to 84 °F. The weather is nice year-round which attracts vacationers even in wintery months.
Month
High Temp
Low Temp
Rainfall
Days with Rain
Hrs. Sunshine
Temp Seawater
January
81 °F
72 °F
22 inch
10 days
9 hours
81 °F
February
82 °F
72 °F
15.2 inch
9 days
9 hours
79 °F
March
82 °F
73 °F
19 inch
8 days
9 hours
79 °F
April
82 °F
73 °F
30 inch
8 days
10 hours
81 °F
May
84 °F
75 °F
70 inch
11 days
9 hours
81 °F
June
86 °F
75 °F
60 inch
11 days
9 hours
82 °F
July
86 °F
77 °F
60 inch
13 days
10 hours
82 °F
August
86 °F
77 °F
64 inch
13 days
10 hours
84 °F
September
86 °F
77 °F
67 inch
14 days
9 hours
84 °F
October
84 °F
75 °F
64 inch
15 days
10 hours
84 °F
November
84 °F
77 °F
44 inch
12 days
8 hours
82 °F
December
82 °F
73 °F
25 inch
11 days
8 hours
81 °F
Tourism in the 2000s until 2009
The country's tourism has become its primary source of income. The country offers a wide choice of accommodations in the city, in the mountains and in the coastal regions. The Dominican Republic is one of the top vacation places for Europe, the US and Canada, and also South America. This is because the island's rich history and unique culture, and the fact that Dominican people are so welcoming and friendly.
The main areas of tourist activity in the country are the regions of the East, North, Santo Domingo and Barahona, but nevertheless, there has been an increase in the interior, with many tours on foot or by bike through the mountains and fields. In 2001 the Dominican Republic was visited by over two million people and according to the Central Bank, the Dominican tourism industry has generated 2,103 million dollars, exceeding 1,782 million achieved in the previous year.
According to Central Bank figures, more than 2.5 million tourists arrived by air to the country in 2001, a 10.1% increase over the figure given in 2000. 58% of tourists came from European countries, mostly countries like Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and USA, were recorded countries like the United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and among others.
Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the Dominican economy, because this makes great contributions to it. The movements of tourists to other parts of the country involving expenditure, especially when is from a nation to another, that is the case of the country; Foreign tourists usually consume in dollars or exchange their currency for the Dominican peso, this generates an injection of dollars into the economy and thus the country can buy the services and products that do not produce. The country had revenues in 2004 of 2.557 million euros.
The Dominican Republic, thanks to its geographical location in the Caribbean, has many areas that are exploited for tourism. This includes its beaches and its scenery. The most exploited provinces in terms of tourism are concerned, after the era of Trujillo, are Puerto Plata, La Romana and La Altagracia, also worth noting that the del Este peninsula, is the country's most important tourist area.
Dominican tourism is an issue that is part of the daily lives of its citizens, because it depends largely on the economic livelihood of the same, and their way of life.
Major tourist destinations in the Dominican Republic
Among the main tourist destinations are:
East Region
La Altagracia
It is the leading province in the country in terms of tourism, among the most important areas are:
Bávaro: This area is located in the east of the Dominican Republic, in the province La Altagracia. According to a report by UNESCO, it recognizes the beaches of Bávaro as the best in the Caribbean Among its more popular activities include aquatic excursions such as snorkeling and catamaran tours on the beaches, as well as its luxury hotels.
Higüey: The city of Higüey is within the tourist destinations in the province, since it is found, the Basilica of Our Lady of Altagracia and Sanctuary San Dionisio; also is the fortified residence of its founder, Juan Ponce de León, which is so visited by foreign tourists and communes and more inhabitants of the country.
Saona Island, Dominican Republic
Punta Cana: This resort area is located in the extreme east of the Dominican Republic, and it is one of the most important places for the realization of tourism in the country. To get to Punta Cana, it can be reached by vehicle through a 179 kilometers long corridor, consisting of sections of the highway of Las Américas, the Eastern Highway, the Ring of San Pedro de Macorís, the stretch San Pedro de Macorís-La Romana, La Romana Beltway and the Autopista del Coral; Similarly one can go via the Las Américas International Airport, or via the Punta Cana International Airport, which is about 2 km from the town of Punta Cana.
La Romana
Altos de Chavón, La Romana
La Romana: One of the main options for foreign tourists when choosing a destination for their holidays. La Romana has many beaches. To get to La Romana, it can through the La Romana International Airport or Punta Cana Airport. La Romana is the seventh-largest city in the Dominican Republic with a population estimated in 2010 at 130,426 within the city limits (metropolitan population: 214,109), of whom 127,623 are urban and 2,803 are rural. The city is capital of the southeastern province of La Romana, opposite Catalina Island. The name Romana comes from a balance that was used to weigh merchandise for export. Santa Rosa de Lima is the patron saint of La Romana. The modern La Romana International Airport was opened in 2000. The city is near several other cities, such as San Pedro de Macorís and the national capital, Santo Domingo de Guzmán. The city is a hub for a growing tourist industry with several nearby local resort spots, such as the beachfront Bayahibe, Dominicus, Casa de Campo, and the growing number of golf resorts that surround the area.
Altos de Chavón: It is an old-type Mediterranean village built on a height above the Chavón River in Dominican Republic. It is the seat of a Cultural Centre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the called City of the Artists. also has a notable Amphitheater. The Altos de Chavón Amphitheater which has about 5,000 seats. It was opened in 1982.
Boat anchored off in Saona Island.
Saona Island: The Saona Island is considered as one of the most important trips or sightseeing tours of the country It is considered by the visitor as a natural paradise. Saona Island is about 110 kmª, and is the largest of the 13 adjacent islands of the country. This island offers fine white sand beaches, crystal clear waters. One of the biggest attractions is the "Natural Pool", which does not have a meter deep and it can see aquatic species such as coral reefs, marine meadowss, starfish and fish. The main white sand beaches of Isla Saona are located on the southern coast from Punta Catuano to Punta de Cruz except the area between the southern end of the beach of El Gato to Punta Laguna. The most important places of the Saona are the towns and villages of Mano Juan and Catuano; extensive white sand beaches and coral reefs with very clear waters; coconut trees along the coast, the Secucho lagoons, Los Flamencos and Canto de la Playa, the Alto de la Vigía (the highest point of the island); the Banks of Crowned Pigeon, the Mature Timberlands, cultivated areas and the town of Adamanay. Saona island belongs to the Park del Este. Along with los Haitises is the most important in the region and one of the main in the country, constituting the only wooded area of relative extension on the south coast of the eastern region. In this protected natural area are preserved semi-humid forests, coastal lagoons, mangroves, coral reefs, sea grasses. Also caverns with cultural values. Contains impressive archaeological sites like remains of indigenous settlements, ceremonial places perfectly preserved, sites of ceremonial offerings, large rock art and sunken colonial ships.
Catalina Island: This island is a protected natural park where there are not any buildings.
Bayahibe: Bayahibe is also suitable for sharing with family and friends, and is also a common place for golfers and for those who enjoy scuba diving. Bayahibe is the nearest point to take a trip to Catalina Island, Catalinita Island and Saona Island.
San Pedro de Macorís
San Pedro de Macorís is a municipality (municipio) in the Dominican Republic and the capital of the San Pedro de Macorís province in the south-eastern region of the country; it is among the 10 largest cities of the Dominican Republic. The city has approximately 195,000 inhabitants, when including the metro area. As a provincial capital, it houses the Universidad Central del Este university.
Juan Dolio: It is located just a few kilometers from the capital city of Santo Domingo and from San Pedro de Macoris. Juan Dolio is currently among the major tourist areas of the country.
Santo Domingo
The Ozama Fortress is one of the surviving sections of the Walls of Santo Domingo, which is recognized by UNESCO as being the oldest military construction of European origin in the Americas.
Boca Chica beach is located close to Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo: Santo Domingo has a main tourist area, the Colonial Zone, as well as historical monuments, of which most were built by the Spaniards who originally colonized the island.
Boca Chica: It is one of the most popular places in the Dominican Republic, due to its beach. It is located about 40 kilometers and 35 minutes from Santo Domingo eastward passing the Las Américas International Airport.
North Region or Cibao
Santiago de los Caballeros
Santiago de los Caballeros or simply Santiago (English: Saint James of the Thirty Knights) is the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic, and the fourth-largest city in the Caribbean. It is the capital of the Santiago Province and the major metropolis in the north-central region of the country. Its urban population reaches 550,753 inhabitants, and if rural areas are included its population rises to 691,262.Santiago is located approximately 155 km (96 mi) northwest of Santo Domingo with an average altitude of 178 meters (584 ft). It was traditionally known in English as St. Yago. During the Haitian occupation from 1822 to 1844 it was officially designated as Saint-Yague. Founded in 1495 during the first wave of European settlement in the New World, the city is the "first Santiago of the Americas". Today the city is one of the Dominican Republic's cultural, political, industrial, and financial centers. Due to its location in the fertile Cibao Valley it has a robust agricultural sector and is a leading exporter of rum, textiles, and cigars. Santiago is known as "La Ciudad Corazón" (the "Heartland City").
Puerto Plata
Puerto Plata is officially known as San Felipe de Puerto Plata, is the ninth-largest city in the Dominican Republic, and capital of the province of Puerto Plata. The city is a trading port.
Puerto Plata has resorts such as Playa Dorada and Costa Dorada, which are located east of the city proper. There are 100,000 hotel beds in the city. The only aerial tramway in the Caribbean is located in Puerto Plata, in which visitors can ride up to the Pico Isabel de Torres, a 793 meter high mountain within the city. The fortification Fortaleza San Felipe, which was built in the 16th century and served as a prison under Rafael Trujillo's dictatorship, lies close to the port of Puerto Plata. The amber museum, is also a well-known attraction in this city. La Isabela, a settlement built by Christopher Columbus, is located near Puerto Plata. In April 1563, the Spanish settlement became notorious when the English slave trader Sir John Hawkins brought 400 people he had abducted from Sierra Leone. Hawkins traded his victims with the Spanish for pearls, hides, sugar and some gold. This was the start of British involvement in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. During the 1822–44 Haitian occupation it was officially designated as Port-de-Plate.
Puerto Plata (city)
Sosúa
Playa Dorada
Cabarete
Samaná
Samaná (town)
Samana is a small town on the island that is a popular destination for tourists mainly because of whale season. Every year in the spring, many whales arrive in the Samana bay. Tourists come from all over the world to board ships and whale watch. This is a large source of income to a town that otherwise would have an economy mainly driven by fishing.
Las Terrenas
Las Terrenas beach
La Vega
La Vega (city)
Constanza
Jarabacoa
Bonao
María Trinidad Sánchez
Nagua
Río San Juan
Montecristi
South Region
Baní
San Cristóbal
Barahona (city)
Pedernales
Azua (city)
Gallery
There are numerous beautiful waterfalls across the Dominican Republic. In the picture is Salto del Limón
Mangroves in Los Haitises National Park
Taíno pictographs at the Cueva de las Maravillas National Park
Los Tres Ojos National Park
Bayahibe Beach
Puerta del Conde City Gate, one of the remaining preserved sections of the Walls of Santo Domingo, the city is a UNESCO WHS and the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas.
Church and Convent of los Dominicos at Santo Domingo
See also
Visa policy of the Dominican Republic
Tourism in the Caribbean
List of airports in the Dominican Republic
References
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dominican Republic.
^ https://www.thedailyherald.sx/regional/more-than-10-million-tourists-visit-in-2023
^ https://dominicantoday.com/dr/tourism/2023/12/26/dominican-republic-welcomes-record-10-million-tourists-in-2023/
^ "Interim Update" (PDF). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer. UNWTO. July 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
^ "Más de 6 millones de turistas visitan República Dominicana". Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
^ "Alemanes Son Mayor Grupo De Turistas Europeos República Dominicana". Archived from the original on 2015-08-17. Retrieved 2015-08-26.
^ "República Dominicana alcanzó en 2018 cifra histórica en llegada de turistas". Archived from the original on 2019-12-05. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
^ Tejeda, Lilian (2022-11-29). "República Dominicana: el destino más visitado del mundo en este 2022". Forbes República Dominicana (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-31.
^ Baker, Christopher P.; Mingasson, Gilles (2008). Dominican Republic. National Geographic Books. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-4262-0232-2.
^ Colonial City of Santo Domingo – UNESCO World Heritage Centre Archived 2020-01-04 at the Wayback Machine. Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved on April 2, 2014.
^ UNESCO around the World | República Dominicana Archived 2013-12-08 at the Wayback Machine. Unesco.org (November 14, 1957). Retrieved on 2014-04-02.
^ a b c Sambrook, Richard Alan; Kermath, Brian M.; Thomas, Robert N. (1994). "Tourism Growth Poles Revisited: A Strategy for Regional Economic Development in the Dominican Republic". Yearbook. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers. 20: 87–96. ISSN 1054-3074. JSTOR 25765801.
^ "Dominican Republic - TOURISM". countrystudies.us. Archived from the original on 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Rettinger, R., Apollo, M. (2017). Enriching tour–operators' offer to go beyond sea, sun and sand: The case of the Dominican Republic. R. Efe, M. Öztürk (eds.), Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism, Chapter: 5 (pp.60-81). Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-7283-6 Source: books.google.com
^ "Flujo Turístico Por nacionalidad". Archived from the original on 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
^ Cabezas, Amalia L. “Tropical Blues: Tourism and Social Exclusion in the Dominican Republic.” Latin American Perspectives, vol. 35, no. 3, 2008, pp. 21–36. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27648095.|date=January 2019
^ Saona Island
^ Canto de Playa, the most beautiful
^ "Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value". UNESCO World Heritage Centre website.
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United States Virgin Islands | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cayo_Levantado,_Samana,_Dominican_Republic.jpg"},{"link_name":"Samana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_(town)"},{"link_name":"economy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"most popular tourist destination","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_Rankings#The_Americas"},{"link_name":"Caribbean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean"},{"link_name":"Americas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-april13-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Pico Duarte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pico_Duarte"},{"link_name":"Lake Enriquillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Enriquillo"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Colonial Zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)"},{"link_name":"UNESCO World Heritage Site","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Cayo Levantado, Samana.Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an important sector of the country's economy. More than 10 million tourists visited the Dominican Republic in 2023,[1][2] making it the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean and putting it in the top 5 overall in the Americas.[3] The industry accounts for 11.6% of the nation's GDP[4] and is a particularly important source of revenue in coastal areas of the country. The nation's tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world.[5][6] In 2022, the nation's tourism was named the best-performing nation post-pandemic with over 5% visitors more in comparison to pre-pandemic levels in 2019.[7]As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to Pico Duarte, the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, and Lake Enriquillo, its largest lake and lowest elevation.[8] The earliest cathedral, castle, monastery and fortress built in all of the Americas is located in Santo Domingo's Colonial Zone, an area declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[9][10]","title":"Tourism in the Dominican Republic"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calle_Arzobispo_Meri%C3%B1o_CCSD_07_2019_9946.jpg"},{"link_name":"Colonial city of Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)"},{"link_name":"Rafael Leonidas Trujillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo"},{"link_name":"Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-11"},{"link_name":"Colonial Zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Santiago de los Caballeros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros"},{"link_name":"Barahona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barahona,_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"San Juan de la Maguana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_de_la_Maguana"},{"link_name":"Jarabacoa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarabacoa"},{"link_name":"San Pedro de Macorís Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs_Province"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Fair of Peace and Fraternity of the Free World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_of_Peace_and_Fraternity_of_the_Free_World"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Las Américas International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Am%C3%A9ricas_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"Cuban Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Revolution"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-11"},{"link_name":"Mirabal Sisters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabal_sisters"},{"link_name":"Dominican Civil War of 1965","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Colonial city of Santo DomingoDue to political conflicts and warfare that had been present throughout most of the country's history, tourism was not common in the Dominican Republic until the 1930s. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo's rise to power represented a turning point for this facet of the economy. During the 1940s, the Trujillo government initiated the development of eight government-owned-and-operated resorts in the capital of Ciudad Trujillo (now Santo Domingo) to foster the growth of a tourism industry. The most famous of these developments was the Hotel Jaragua, which gathered international attention for its luxury, alongside the Malecón de Santo Domingo in 1942.[11] Many of the hotels built during this time remain open and include: the Hotel Provincial, which is now a children's hospital; the Hotel la Paz, now known as the Hotel Hispaniola; and the Hotel Comercial in the Colonial Zone, which was the first privately owned hotel in the country.[citation needed]Hotel development was not limited to the capital. Several provincial capitals were the site of Trujillo's public works projects. These included the Hotel Matún in Santiago de los Caballeros, the Hotel Guarocuya in Barahona, the Hotel Maguana in San Juan de la Maguana, and the Hotel Montaña in Jarabacoa. The building of the Hotel Macori in the San Pedro de Macorís Province was the first development in the eastern end of the country, which has now become the country's main tourist destination.[citation needed]In 1955, the Fair of Peace and Fraternity of the Free World (Feria de la Paz y Confraternidad del Mundo Libre) was organized in Ciudad Trujillo, to honour the 25th year of Trujillo's rule. The event was intended to attract international visitors and showcase the development of the country's tourism industry, but attendance was below expectations and foreign investments failed to materialize.[citation needed]In the 1950s, construction of the Las Américas International Airport took place, along with highway systems to connect it to the capital and better accommodate the country's growing number of tourists. The Cuban Revolution and resultant embargo served to redirect American tourists to Ciudad Trujillo as the Latin American tourism destination of choice.[11] Conversely, political instability and social unrest in the wake of the assassination of the Mirabal Sisters in 1960, the assassination of Trujillo in 1961, and the Dominican Civil War of 1965 and subsequent US military occupation, led to a notable decrease in tourism.[citation needed]In the post-civil war era, the tourism industry of the country saw an upswing through increased government attention and changes in economic policies. In 1971, the Tourist Incentive Law (Law 153) was passed to create the department for the Development of Tourism Infrastructure (INFRATUR). Its aims were to promote infrastructure projects, encourage private investment, and cooperate with the Ministry of Tourism to further grow the tourism industry. By encouraging private investment through low-interest loans, the Dominican Republic underwent two distinct periods of hotel and resort building that increased the number of hotel rooms from 1,134 in 1970 to over 20,000 by 1990.[11] The country also saw the number of tourists increase from 278,000 in 1975 to over one million visitors by 1987, surpassing traditional Caribbean resort locations.[12]","title":"History of tourism in the Dominican Republic"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"Puerto Plata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(city)"},{"link_name":"La Romana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Samaná","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_(town)"},{"link_name":"Boca Chica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca_Chica"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"From the 1990s, the Dominican tourism industry has been developed and operated at its fullest, developing more housing complexes, through agreements and foreign advisors. Consequently, the number of hotel rooms in the decade of the 1980s was about 8,562 and the 1990s was 45,000.In 1997, around 270,830 foreign tourists arrived by sea, of which 156,099 used the ports in Santo Domingo, 5,566 arrived via the port of Puerto Plata, 108,698 disembarked in La Romana, 404 in Samaná and 63 in Boca Chica. This figure compared with those of 1996, it shows that in 1997 the number of foreign visitors who used the waterway increased by over one hundred percent.In 1996 entered to the country by sea 110.936, an amount that increased to 270,380 cruise passengers. Despite not having any financial incentive for ecotourism, this is in its true splendor. It posed above is confirmed by the annual statistics for visitation to ecotourism businesses and protected areas, which exceed 800,000 people. It quote the following data, for the year 1998: total visitors to ecotourism projects was 930,000.Increasing competition, for example created by the Asian markets, and a change in the motivation of tourists, now forces authorities managing regions, and tour operators to supplement their offer with new options, not based directly on the sun, sand and sea. Additionally, some Asian markets, for example Thailand, have a very reasonable tax rate for tourist consumption (7%), whereas the Dominican Republic has an extremely high rate (18 to 28%). It has been argued that the Dominican Republic should focus on diversifying its tourism product, so as to prevent elimination from the market by competitors when tourists completely change their preferences by shifting, for example, from 3S to 3E and to focus on industrial and cultural tours such as the road tar mine at la quenera, approximately 10 km south of the Haitian boarder.[13]","title":"Tourism in the present day"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Most visitors arriving to Dominican Republic were from the following areas of residence or countries of nationality:[14]Note: Air arrivals only, it excludes arrivals by land and sea","title":"Visitor statistics"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The weather in Punta Cana averages between a high of 81 °F to 86 °F. \nThe average days per month is 11.25. Hours of sunshine can vary from 8 to 10 hours. The seawater temperature will vary from 79 °F to 84 °F. The weather is nice year-round which attracts vacationers even in wintery months.","title":"Weather in Punta Cana"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"US","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The country's tourism has become its primary source of income. The country offers a wide choice of accommodations in the city, in the mountains and in the coastal regions. The Dominican Republic is one of the top vacation places for Europe, the US and Canada, and also South America. This is because the island's rich history and unique culture, and the fact that Dominican people are so welcoming and friendly.The main areas of tourist activity in the country are the regions of the East, North, Santo Domingo and Barahona, but nevertheless, there has been an increase in the interior, with many tours on foot or by bike through the mountains and fields. In 2001 the Dominican Republic was visited by over two million people and according to the Central Bank, the Dominican tourism industry has generated 2,103 million dollars, exceeding 1,782 million achieved in the previous year.According to Central Bank figures, more than 2.5 million tourists arrived by air to the country in 2001, a 10.1% increase over the figure given in 2000. 58% of tourists came from European countries, mostly countries like Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and USA, were recorded countries like the United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and among others.Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the Dominican economy, because this makes great contributions to it. The movements of tourists to other parts of the country involving expenditure, especially when is from a nation to another, that is the case of the country; Foreign tourists usually consume in dollars or exchange their currency for the Dominican peso, this generates an injection of dollars into the economy and thus the country can buy the services and products that do not produce. The country had revenues in 2004 of 2.557 million euros.The Dominican Republic, thanks to its geographical location in the Caribbean, has many areas that are exploited for tourism.[15] This includes its beaches and its scenery.[citation needed] The most exploited provinces in terms of tourism are concerned, after the era of Trujillo, are Puerto Plata, La Romana and La Altagracia, also worth noting that the del Este peninsula, is the country's most important tourist area.[citation needed]Dominican tourism is an issue that is part of the daily lives of its citizens, because it depends largely on the economic livelihood of the same, and their way of life.","title":"Tourism in the 2000s until 2009"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Among the main tourist destinations are:","title":"Major tourist destinations in the Dominican Republic"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"La Altagracia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Altagracia"},{"link_name":"Bávaro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1varo"},{"link_name":"UNESCO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO"},{"link_name":"Higüey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvale%C3%B3n_de_Hig%C3%BCey"},{"link_name":"Basilica of Our Lady of Altagracia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_Catedral_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Altagracia"},{"link_name":"Juan Ponce de León","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punta_Cana_Dominican_Republic.jpg"},{"link_name":"Saona Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saona_Island"},{"link_name":"Punta Cana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punta_Cana"},{"link_name":"Autopista del Coral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autopista_del_Coral&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Las Américas International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Am%C3%A9ricas_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"Punta Cana International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punta_Cana_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"La Romana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana_Province,_Dominican_Republic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dominicana-Altos_de_Chavon.jpg"},{"link_name":"Altos de Chavón","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altos_de_Chav%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"La Romana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"La Romana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"La Romana International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"metropolitan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area"},{"link_name":"province of La Romana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana_Province"},{"link_name":"Catalina Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_Island,_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Santa Rosa de Lima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_of_Lima"},{"link_name":"La Romana International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"San Pedro de Macorís","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs"},{"link_name":"Santo Domingo de Guzmán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"Bayahibe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayahibe"},{"link_name":"Altos de Chavón","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altos_de_Chav%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"Chavón River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chav%C3%B3n_River"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saona.jpg"},{"link_name":"Saona Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saona_Island"},{"link_name":"Saona Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saona_Island"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"marine meadowss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine_meadows&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Catalina Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_Island_(Dominican_Republic)"},{"link_name":"Bayahibe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayahibe"},{"link_name":"San Pedro de Macorís","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs_Province"},{"link_name":"San Pedro de Macorís","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs"},{"link_name":"municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"municipio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipio"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Universidad Central del Este","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Central_del_Este"},{"link_name":"Juan Dolio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Dolio"},{"link_name":"Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo"}],"sub_title":"East Region","text":"La AltagraciaIt is the leading province in the country in terms of tourism, among the most important areas are:Bávaro: This area is located in the east of the Dominican Republic, in the province La Altagracia. According to a report by UNESCO, it recognizes the beaches of Bávaro as the best in the Caribbean Among its more popular activities include aquatic excursions such as snorkeling and catamaran tours on the beaches, as well as its luxury hotels.\nHigüey: The city of Higüey is within the tourist destinations in the province, since it is found, the Basilica of Our Lady of Altagracia and Sanctuary San Dionisio; also is the fortified residence of its founder, Juan Ponce de León, which is so visited by foreign tourists and communes and more inhabitants of the country.Saona Island, Dominican RepublicPunta Cana: This resort area is located in the extreme east of the Dominican Republic, and it is one of the most important places for the realization of tourism in the country. To get to Punta Cana, it can be reached by vehicle through a 179 kilometers long corridor, consisting of sections of the highway of Las Américas, the Eastern Highway, the Ring of San Pedro de Macorís, the stretch San Pedro de Macorís-La Romana, La Romana Beltway and the Autopista del Coral; Similarly one can go via the Las Américas International Airport, or via the Punta Cana International Airport, which is about 2 km from the town of Punta Cana.La RomanaAltos de Chavón, La RomanaLa Romana: One of the main options for foreign tourists when choosing a destination for their holidays. La Romana has many beaches. To get to La Romana, it can through the La Romana International Airport or Punta Cana Airport. La Romana is the seventh-largest city in the Dominican Republic with a population estimated in 2010 at 130,426 within the city limits (metropolitan population: 214,109), of whom 127,623 are urban and 2,803 are rural. The city is capital of the southeastern province of La Romana, opposite Catalina Island. The name Romana comes from a balance that was used to weigh merchandise for export. Santa Rosa de Lima is the patron saint of La Romana. The modern La Romana International Airport was opened in 2000. The city is near several other cities, such as San Pedro de Macorís and the national capital, Santo Domingo de Guzmán. The city is a hub for a growing tourist industry with several nearby local resort spots, such as the beachfront Bayahibe, Dominicus, Casa de Campo, and the growing number of golf resorts that surround the area.\nAltos de Chavón: It is an old-type Mediterranean village built on a height above the Chavón River in Dominican Republic. It is the seat of a Cultural Centre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the called City of the Artists. also has a notable Amphitheater. The Altos de Chavón Amphitheater which has about 5,000 seats. It was opened in 1982.Boat anchored off in Saona Island.Saona Island: The Saona Island is considered as one of the most important trips or sightseeing tours of the country[16] It is considered by the visitor as a natural paradise. Saona Island is about 110 kmª, and is the largest of the 13 adjacent islands of the country. This island offers fine white sand beaches, crystal clear waters. One of the biggest attractions is the \"Natural Pool\", which does not have a meter deep and it can see aquatic species such as coral reefs, marine meadowss, starfish and fish. The main white sand beaches of Isla Saona are located on the southern coast from Punta Catuano to Punta de Cruz except the area between the southern end of the beach of El Gato to Punta Laguna. The most important places of the Saona are the towns and villages of Mano Juan and Catuano; extensive white sand beaches and coral reefs with very clear waters; coconut trees along the coast, the Secucho lagoons, Los Flamencos and Canto de la Playa,[17] the Alto de la Vigía (the highest point of the island); the Banks of Crowned Pigeon, the Mature Timberlands, cultivated areas and the town of Adamanay. Saona island belongs to the Park del Este. Along with los Haitises is the most important in the region and one of the main in the country, constituting the only wooded area of relative extension on the south coast of the eastern region. In this protected natural area are preserved semi-humid forests, coastal lagoons, mangroves, coral reefs, sea grasses. Also caverns with cultural values. Contains impressive archaeological sites like remains of indigenous settlements, ceremonial places perfectly preserved, sites of ceremonial offerings, large rock art and sunken colonial ships.\nCatalina Island: This island is a protected natural park where there are not any buildings.\nBayahibe: Bayahibe is also suitable for sharing with family and friends, and is also a common place for golfers and for those who enjoy scuba diving. Bayahibe is the nearest point to take a trip to Catalina Island, Catalinita Island and Saona Island.San Pedro de MacorísSan Pedro de Macorís is a municipality (municipio) in the Dominican Republic and the capital of the San Pedro de Macorís province in the south-eastern region of the country; it is among the 10 largest cities of the Dominican Republic. The city has approximately 195,000 inhabitants, when including the metro area. As a provincial capital, it houses the Universidad Central del Este university.\nJuan Dolio: It is located just a few kilometers from the capital city of Santo Domingo and from San Pedro de Macoris. Juan Dolio is currently among the major tourist areas of the country.","title":"Major tourist destinations in the Dominican Republic"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg"},{"link_name":"Ozama Fortress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza_Ozama"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-whc.unesco.org-18"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RD_Boca_Chica_03_2017_2185.jpg"},{"link_name":"Boca Chica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca_Chica"},{"link_name":"Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"Colonial Zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)"},{"link_name":"Boca Chica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca_Chica"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Las Américas International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Am%C3%A9ricas_International_Airport"}],"sub_title":"Santo Domingo","text":"The Ozama Fortress is one of the surviving sections of the Walls of Santo Domingo, which is recognized by UNESCO as being the oldest military construction of European origin in the Americas.[18]Boca Chica beach is located close to Santo DomingoSanto Domingo: Santo Domingo has a main tourist area, the Colonial Zone, as well as historical monuments, of which most were built by the Spaniards who originally colonized the island.\nBoca Chica: It is one of the most popular places in the Dominican Republic, due to its beach. It is located about 40 kilometers and 35 minutes from Santo Domingo eastward passing the Las Américas International Airport.","title":"Major tourist destinations in the Dominican Republic"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Santiago de los Caballeros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros"},{"link_name":"Saint James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Caribbean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean"},{"link_name":"Santiago Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Province_(Dominican_Republic)"},{"link_name":"north-central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibao"},{"link_name":"urban population","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_population"},{"link_name":"Santo Domingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"Haitian occupation from 1822 to 1844","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"European settlement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas"},{"link_name":"New World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World"},{"link_name":"Santiago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Cibao Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibao_Valley"},{"link_name":"Puerto Plata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(city)"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Puerto Plata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(province)"},{"link_name":"aerial tramway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_tramway"},{"link_name":"Caribbean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean"},{"link_name":"Fortaleza San Felipe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza_San_Felipe"},{"link_name":"Rafael Trujillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo"},{"link_name":"amber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber"},{"link_name":"museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum"},{"link_name":"La Isabela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Isabela"},{"link_name":"Christopher Columbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus"},{"link_name":"Sir John Hawkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Hawkins"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"slave trade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery"},{"link_name":"1822–44 Haitian occupation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo"},{"link_name":"Puerto Plata (city)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(city)"},{"link_name":"Sosúa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sos%C3%BAa"},{"link_name":"Playa Dorada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Playa_Dorada&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Cabarete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabarete"},{"link_name":"Samaná","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Province"},{"link_name":"Samaná (town)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_(town)"},{"link_name":"Las Terrenas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Terrenas"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Las_Terrenas,_Dominican_Republic.jpg"},{"link_name":"La Vega","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Vega_Province"},{"link_name":"La Vega (city)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Vega_(city)"},{"link_name":"Constanza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constanza,_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Jarabacoa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarabacoa"},{"link_name":"Bonao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonao"},{"link_name":"María Trinidad Sánchez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez_Province"},{"link_name":"Nagua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagua"},{"link_name":"Río San Juan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_San_Juan,_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez"},{"link_name":"Montecristi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cristi_Province"}],"sub_title":"North Region or Cibao","text":"Santiago de los CaballerosSantiago de los Caballeros or simply Santiago (English: Saint James of the Thirty Knights) is the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic, and the fourth-largest city in the Caribbean. It is the capital of the Santiago Province and the major metropolis in the north-central region of the country. Its urban population reaches 550,753 inhabitants, and if rural areas are included its population rises to 691,262.Santiago is located approximately 155 km (96 mi) northwest of Santo Domingo with an average altitude of 178 meters (584 ft). It was traditionally known in English as St. Yago. During the Haitian occupation from 1822 to 1844 it was officially designated as Saint-Yague. Founded in 1495 during the first wave of European settlement in the New World, the city is the \"first Santiago of the Americas\". Today the city is one of the Dominican Republic's cultural, political, industrial, and financial centers. Due to its location in the fertile Cibao Valley it has a robust agricultural sector and is a leading exporter of rum, textiles, and cigars. Santiago is known as \"La Ciudad Corazón\" (the \"Heartland City\").Puerto PlataPuerto Plata is officially known as San Felipe de Puerto Plata, is the ninth-largest city in the Dominican Republic, and capital of the province of Puerto Plata. The city is a trading port.\nPuerto Plata has resorts such as Playa Dorada and Costa Dorada, which are located east of the city proper. There are 100,000 hotel beds in the city. The only aerial tramway in the Caribbean is located in Puerto Plata, in which visitors can ride up to the Pico Isabel de Torres, a 793 meter high mountain within the city. The fortification Fortaleza San Felipe, which was built in the 16th century and served as a prison under Rafael Trujillo's dictatorship, lies close to the port of Puerto Plata. The amber museum, is also a well-known attraction in this city. La Isabela, a settlement built by Christopher Columbus, is located near Puerto Plata. In April 1563, the Spanish settlement became notorious when the English slave trader Sir John Hawkins brought 400 people he had abducted from Sierra Leone. Hawkins traded his victims with the Spanish for pearls, hides, sugar and some gold. This was the start of British involvement in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. During the 1822–44 Haitian occupation it was officially designated as Port-de-Plate.Puerto Plata (city)\nSosúa\nPlaya Dorada\nCabareteSamaná\nSamaná (town)Samana is a small town on the island that is a popular destination for tourists mainly because of whale season. Every year in the spring, many whales arrive in the Samana bay. Tourists come from all over the world to board ships and whale watch. This is a large source of income to a town that otherwise would have an economy mainly driven by fishing.Las TerrenasLas Terrenas beachLa VegaLa Vega (city)\nConstanza\nJarabacoa\nBonaoMaría Trinidad SánchezNagua\nRío San JuanMontecristi","title":"Major tourist destinations in the Dominican Republic"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baní","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C3%AD"},{"link_name":"San Cristóbal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal,_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Barahona (city)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barahona_(city)"},{"link_name":"Pedernales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedernales,_Pedernales"},{"link_name":"Azua (city)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azua_(city)"}],"sub_title":"South Region","text":"BaníSan CristóbalBarahona (city)Pedernales\nAzua (city)","title":"Major tourist destinations in the Dominican Republic"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Salto_de_Limon_waterfall_in_Samana,_Dominican_Republic.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dominican_republic_Los_Haitises_mangroves.jpeg"},{"link_name":"Los Haitises National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Haitises_National_Park"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg"},{"link_name":"Cueva de las Maravillas National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Maravillas_National_Park"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LosTresOjos.JPG"},{"link_name":"Los Tres Ojos National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Tres_Ojos_National_Park"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baia_Hibe_-_panoramio.jpg"},{"link_name":"Bayahibe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayahibe"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Puerta_del_Conde_CCSD_09_2018_1629.jpg"},{"link_name":"Puerta del Conde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerta_del_Conde"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iglesia_y_Convento_Dominicos_CCSD_07_2018_0735.jpg"},{"link_name":"Church and Convent of los Dominicos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Church_and_Convent_of_los_Dominicos&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"There are numerous beautiful waterfalls across the Dominican Republic. In the picture is Salto del Limón\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tMangroves in Los Haitises National Park\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTaíno pictographs at the Cueva de las Maravillas National Park\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tLos Tres Ojos National Park\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tBayahibe Beach\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPuerta del Conde City Gate, one of the remaining preserved sections of the Walls of Santo Domingo, the city is a UNESCO WHS and the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tChurch and Convent of los Dominicos at Santo Domingo","title":"Gallery"}] | [{"image_text":"Cayo Levantado, Samana.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cayo_Levantado%2C_Samana%2C_Dominican_Republic.jpg/300px-Cayo_Levantado%2C_Samana%2C_Dominican_Republic.jpg"},{"image_text":"Colonial city of Santo Domingo","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Calle_Arzobispo_Meri%C3%B1o_CCSD_07_2019_9946.jpg/200px-Calle_Arzobispo_Meri%C3%B1o_CCSD_07_2019_9946.jpg"},{"image_text":"Saona Island, Dominican Republic","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Punta_Cana_Dominican_Republic.jpg/220px-Punta_Cana_Dominican_Republic.jpg"},{"image_text":"Altos de Chavón, La Romana","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dominicana-Altos_de_Chavon.jpg/220px-Dominicana-Altos_de_Chavon.jpg"},{"image_text":"Boat anchored off in Saona Island.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Saona.jpg/220px-Saona.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Ozama Fortress is one of the surviving sections of the Walls of Santo Domingo, which is recognized by UNESCO as being the oldest military construction of European origin in the Americas.[18]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg/220px-Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg"},{"image_text":"Boca Chica beach is located close to Santo Domingo","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/RD_Boca_Chica_03_2017_2185.jpg/220px-RD_Boca_Chica_03_2017_2185.jpg"},{"image_text":"Las Terrenas beach","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Las_Terrenas%2C_Dominican_Republic.jpg/400px-Las_Terrenas%2C_Dominican_Republic.jpg"}] | [{"title":"Visa policy of the Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Dominican_Republic"},{"title":"Tourism in the Caribbean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Caribbean"},{"title":"List of airports in the Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Dominican_Republic"}] | [{"reference":"\"Interim Update\" (PDF). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer. UNWTO. July 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140329080216/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_hr.pdf","url_text":"\"Interim Update\""},{"url":"http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_hr.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Más de 6 millones de turistas visitan República Dominicana\". Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2018-06-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com.mx/mas-de-6-millones-de-turistas-visitan-republica-dominicana/","url_text":"\"Más de 6 millones de turistas visitan República Dominicana\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180614094349/https://www.forbes.com.mx/mas-de-6-millones-de-turistas-visitan-republica-dominicana/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Alemanes Son Mayor Grupo De Turistas Europeos República Dominicana\". Archived from the original on 2015-08-17. Retrieved 2015-08-26.","urls":[{"url":"http://acento.com.do/2015/economia/8216848-alemanes-son-mayor-grupo-de-turistas-europeos-republica-dominicana/","url_text":"\"Alemanes Son Mayor Grupo De Turistas Europeos República Dominicana\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150817210830/http://acento.com.do/2015/economia/8216848-alemanes-son-mayor-grupo-de-turistas-europeos-republica-dominicana/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"República Dominicana alcanzó en 2018 cifra histórica en llegada de turistas\". Archived from the original on 2019-12-05. Retrieved 2019-11-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.eldinero.com.do/75670/republica-dominicana-alcanzo-en-2018-cifra-historica-en-llegada-de-turistas/","url_text":"\"República Dominicana alcanzó en 2018 cifra histórica en llegada de turistas\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191205102259/https://www.eldinero.com.do/75670/republica-dominicana-alcanzo-en-2018-cifra-historica-en-llegada-de-turistas/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Tejeda, Lilian (2022-11-29). \"República Dominicana: el destino más visitado del mundo en este 2022\". Forbes República Dominicana (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://forbes.do/rankings/2022-11-28/republica-dominicana-el-destino-mas-visitado-del-mundo-en-este-2022/","url_text":"\"República Dominicana: el destino más visitado del mundo en este 2022\""}]},{"reference":"Baker, Christopher P.; Mingasson, Gilles (2008). Dominican Republic. National Geographic Books. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-4262-0232-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000bake","url_text":"Dominican Republic"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000bake/page/190","url_text":"190"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0232-2","url_text":"978-1-4262-0232-2"}]},{"reference":"Sambrook, Richard Alan; Kermath, Brian M.; Thomas, Robert N. (1994). \"Tourism Growth Poles Revisited: A Strategy for Regional Economic Development in the Dominican Republic\". Yearbook. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers. 20: 87–96. ISSN 1054-3074. JSTOR 25765801.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1054-3074","url_text":"1054-3074"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25765801","url_text":"25765801"}]},{"reference":"\"Dominican Republic - TOURISM\". countrystudies.us. Archived from the original on 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2020-02-02.","urls":[{"url":"http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/53.htm","url_text":"\"Dominican Republic - TOURISM\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161103012614/http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/53.htm","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Flujo Turístico Por nacionalidad\". Archived from the original on 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2022-08-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170203221506/http://www.bancentral.gov.do/estadisticas_economicas/turismo","url_text":"\"Flujo Turístico Por nacionalidad\""},{"url":"http://www.bancentral.gov.do/estadisticas_economicas/turismo/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value\". UNESCO World Heritage Centre website.","urls":[{"url":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526","url_text":"\"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.thedailyherald.sx/regional/more-than-10-million-tourists-visit-in-2023","external_links_name":"https://www.thedailyherald.sx/regional/more-than-10-million-tourists-visit-in-2023"},{"Link":"https://dominicantoday.com/dr/tourism/2023/12/26/dominican-republic-welcomes-record-10-million-tourists-in-2023/","external_links_name":"https://dominicantoday.com/dr/tourism/2023/12/26/dominican-republic-welcomes-record-10-million-tourists-in-2023/"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140329080216/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_hr.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Interim Update\""},{"Link":"http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_hr.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.forbes.com.mx/mas-de-6-millones-de-turistas-visitan-republica-dominicana/","external_links_name":"\"Más de 6 millones de turistas visitan República Dominicana\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180614094349/https://www.forbes.com.mx/mas-de-6-millones-de-turistas-visitan-republica-dominicana/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://acento.com.do/2015/economia/8216848-alemanes-son-mayor-grupo-de-turistas-europeos-republica-dominicana/","external_links_name":"\"Alemanes Son Mayor Grupo De Turistas Europeos República Dominicana\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150817210830/http://acento.com.do/2015/economia/8216848-alemanes-son-mayor-grupo-de-turistas-europeos-republica-dominicana/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.eldinero.com.do/75670/republica-dominicana-alcanzo-en-2018-cifra-historica-en-llegada-de-turistas/","external_links_name":"\"República Dominicana alcanzó en 2018 cifra histórica en llegada de turistas\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191205102259/https://www.eldinero.com.do/75670/republica-dominicana-alcanzo-en-2018-cifra-historica-en-llegada-de-turistas/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://forbes.do/rankings/2022-11-28/republica-dominicana-el-destino-mas-visitado-del-mundo-en-este-2022/","external_links_name":"\"República Dominicana: el destino más visitado del mundo en este 2022\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000bake","external_links_name":"Dominican Republic"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000bake/page/190","external_links_name":"190"},{"Link":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526","external_links_name":"Colonial City of Santo Domingo – UNESCO World Heritage Centre"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200104142249/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.unesco.org/nac/geoportal.php?country=DO&language=S","external_links_name":"UNESCO around the World | República Dominicana"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131208195531/http://www.unesco.org/nac/geoportal.php?country=DO&language=S","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1054-3074","external_links_name":"1054-3074"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25765801","external_links_name":"25765801"},{"Link":"http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/53.htm","external_links_name":"\"Dominican Republic - TOURISM\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161103012614/http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/53.htm","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=bmPXDgAAQBAJ&dq=Enriching+tour%E2%80%93operators%27+offer+to+go+beyond+sea%2C+sun+and+sand%3A+The+case+of+the+Dominican+Republic.&pg=PA61","external_links_name":"Source: books.google.com"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170203221506/http://www.bancentral.gov.do/estadisticas_economicas/turismo","external_links_name":"\"Flujo Turístico Por nacionalidad\""},{"Link":"http://www.bancentral.gov.do/estadisticas_economicas/turismo/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20120629235513/http://www.listindiario.com/app/article.aspx?id=27439","external_links_name":"Saona Island"},{"Link":"http://picasaweb.google.com/Jean.Pierre.RD/CantoVIP#","external_links_name":"Canto de Playa, the most beautiful"},{"Link":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526","external_links_name":"\"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goes_railway_station | Goes railway station | ["1 Train service","2 SGB","3 References","4 External links"] | Coordinates: 51°29′53″N 3°53′22″E / 51.49806°N 3.88944°E / 51.49806; 3.88944This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: "Goes railway station" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2015)
GoesGeneral informationLocationNetherlandsCoordinates51°29′53″N 3°53′22″E / 51.49806°N 3.88944°E / 51.49806; 3.88944Line(s)Roosendaal–Vlissingen railwayConnections Connexxion: 20, 23, 27, 31, 132, 185, 225, 582, 595, 628, 629, 639, 643, 644, 645, 646Other informationStation codeGsHistoryOpened1 July 1868Services
Preceding station
Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Following station
Arnemuidentowards Vlissingen
NS Intercity 2200
Kapelle-Biezelingetowards Amsterdam Centraal
Middelburgtowards Vlissingen
NS Intercity 2300
Bergen op Zoomtowards Amsterdam Centraal
Arnemuidentowards Vlissingen
NS Sprinter 6100
Kapelle-Biezelingetowards Roosendaal
LocationGoesLocation within Netherlands
Goes is a railway station located in Goes, the Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 July 1868 and is located on the Roosendaal–Vlissingen railway. The station is operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).
Train service
The following services currently call at Goes:
2x per hour intercity service Amsterdam - Haarlem - Leiden - The Hague - Rotterdam - Dordrecht - Roosendaal - Vlissingen
1x per hour local service Roosendaal - Vlissingen
On weekdays, one of the two the intercity services skips all stations until Bergen op Zoom while the other one runs as a local service, making up a half-hourly service for all stations. On weekdays after 19:30, in weekends, and on holidays, the local service Roosendaal - Vlissingen is dropped from the schedule and both intercity services stop at all stations, with one of them shifted a bit to make up the half-hourly service.
SGB
Main article: Stoomtrein Goes - Borsele
Close to the station is the depot and station of the museum train line Stoomtrein Goes - Borsele which operates over 11 km (6.8 mi) of a former NS line. The museum tracks are connected to the main rail network at Goes station. There is a train service on Sundays and Holidays between April and October, and Sundays to Fridays in July and August.
References
^ Haydock, David (2008). European Handbook No. 1 Benelux Railways Locomotives & Coaching Stock. Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-902336-64-0.
^ "Timetable". Stoomtrein Goes–Borsele. 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
External links
NS website (in Dutch)
Dutch Public Transport journey planner (in Dutch)
Stoomtrein Goes-Borsele website
vteRailway stations in Zeeland
Arnemuiden
Goes
Kapelle-Biezelinge
Krabbendijke
Kruiningen-Yerseke
Middelburg
Rilland-Bath
Vlissingen
Souburg | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_station"},{"link_name":"Goes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goes"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Roosendaal–Vlissingen railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosendaal%E2%80%93Vlissingen_railway"},{"link_name":"Nederlandse Spoorwegen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen"}],"text":"Goes is a railway station located in Goes, the Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 July 1868 and is located on the Roosendaal–Vlissingen railway. The station is operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).","title":"Goes railway station"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The following services currently call at Goes:2x per hour intercity service Amsterdam - Haarlem - Leiden - The Hague - Rotterdam - Dordrecht - Roosendaal - Vlissingen\n1x per hour local service Roosendaal - VlissingenOn weekdays, one of the two the intercity services skips all stations until Bergen op Zoom while the other one runs as a local service, making up a half-hourly service for all stations. On weekdays after 19:30, in weekends, and on holidays, the local service Roosendaal - Vlissingen is dropped from the schedule and both intercity services stop at all stations, with one of them shifted a bit to make up the half-hourly service.","title":"Train service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stoomtrein Goes - Borsele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoomtrein_Goes_-_Borsele"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sgb-2"}],"text":"Close to the station is the depot and station of the museum train line Stoomtrein Goes - Borsele which operates over 11 km (6.8 mi) of a former NS line. The museum tracks are connected to the main rail network at Goes station. There is a train service on Sundays and Holidays between April and October, and Sundays to Fridays in July and August.[1][2]","title":"SGB"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Haydock, David (2008). European Handbook No. 1 Benelux Railways Locomotives & Coaching Stock. Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-902336-64-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902336-64-0","url_text":"978-1-902336-64-0"}]},{"reference":"\"Timetable\". Stoomtrein Goes–Borsele. 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-30.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.destoomtrein.nl/train-trip-and-museum/timetable/?lang=en","url_text":"\"Timetable\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Goes_railway_station¶ms=51_29_53_N_3_53_22_E_region:NL_type:railwaystation","external_links_name":"51°29′53″N 3°53′22″E / 51.49806°N 3.88944°E / 51.49806; 3.88944"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goes_railway_station&action=edit","external_links_name":"improve this article"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Goes+railway+station%22","external_links_name":"\"Goes railway station\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Goes+railway+station%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Goes+railway+station%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Goes+railway+station%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Goes+railway+station%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Goes+railway+station%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Goes_railway_station¶ms=51_29_53_N_3_53_22_E_region:NL_type:railwaystation","external_links_name":"51°29′53″N 3°53′22″E / 51.49806°N 3.88944°E / 51.49806; 3.88944"},{"Link":"https://www.destoomtrein.nl/train-trip-and-museum/timetable/?lang=en","external_links_name":"\"Timetable\""},{"Link":"http://www.ns.nl/","external_links_name":"NS website"},{"Link":"http://www.9292ov.nl/","external_links_name":"Dutch Public Transport journey planner"},{"Link":"http://www.destoomtrein.nl/","external_links_name":"Stoomtrein Goes-Borsele website"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_209_(India) | National Highway 948 (India) | ["1 Route","2 Junctions","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"] | National highway in India
National Highway 948Map of National Highway 948 in redRoute informationAuxiliary route of NH 48Length323 km (201 mi)Major junctionsNorth endBengaluruSouth endCoimbatore
LocationCountryIndiaStatesTamil Nadu: 119.7 km (74.4 mi)Karnataka: 203.5 km (126.4 mi)
Highway system
Roads in India
Expressways
National
State
Asian
← NH 48→ NH 544
National Highway 948 (previously designated NH 209) is a highway in India which connects Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu with the city of Bengaluru. It is a spur road of National Highway 48. It passes through Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary. The road through the wildlife sanctuary is a single carriageway with two lanes, and it is narrow at many places. Wild animals can be spotted in this route. The movement of automobiles are not allowed from 8 pm to 6 pm through Dhimbam ghat (Bannari to Karappallam) stretch in this national highway. National Highway 948 passes through Sathyamangalam forests, which were the territory of the bandit Veerappan.
Route
Highway number
Source
Destination
Via
Length (km)
948
Bengaluru
Coimbatore
Kanakapura, Shivanahalli, Sathanur, Halaguru, Malavalli, Kollegal, Chamrajanagara,Punajanur, Hasanur, Dhimbam ghat, Bannari, Sathyamangalam, Puliampatti, Annur, Kovilpalayam
323
Junctions
This article contains a bulleted list or table of intersections which should be presented in a properly formatted junction table. Please consult this guideline for information on how to create one. Please improve this article if you can. (November 2021)
NH 48 Terminal near Bengaluru.
SH 3 Terminal near Kanakapura
NH 766 near Kollegal
NH 150A near Chamrajnagar
NH 544 Terminal near Coimbatore.
See also
List of National Highways in India by highway number
List of National Highways in India by state
National Highway 66 (India)
References
^ "Rationalization of Numbering Systems of National Highways" (PDF). Govt of India. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
^ a b "State-wise length of National Highways in India as on 30.06.2017". Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
^ a b "New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
^ "TN night ban on road via tiger reserve raises more questions than answers". The Federal News. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
^ "Shhh! Migrants trek through Veerappan territory". New Indian Express,English Daily newspaper. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
External links
NH 948 on OpenStreetMap
vte Highways in IndiaExpressways
Agra–Lucknow
Ahmedabad–Vadodara
Ambala–Chandigarh
Bangalore Elevated
Belghoria
Chennai Bypass
Chennai ORR
Delhi–Faridabad
Delhi–Gurgaon
Delhi–Meerut
Delhi–Noida
Delhi Eastern Peripheral
Delhi Western Peripheral
Noida–Greater Noida
Himalayan
Hyderabad Elevated
Hyderabad ORR
Jaipur–Kishangarh
Mumbai–Pune
Mumbai–Nashik
Mumbai Eastern
Mumbai Western
Panipat Elevated
Purvanchal
Raipur–Bhilai–Durg
Trans-Haryana Expressway
Vijayawada–Hyderabad
Yamuna
National Highways(list)
1
301
501
701
701A
2
102
102A
102B
102C
202
302
502
502A
702
702A
702B
702C
702D
3
103
303
503
503A
703
703A
703B
4
5
105
105B
205
205A
305
505
505A
705
6
106
206
306
306A
7
107
107A
307
507
707
707A
907
907A
907G
8
108
108A
108B
208
208A
9
109
109K
309
309A
309B
509
709
709A
709AD
709B
10
110
310
310A
510
710
11
311
911
911A
12
112
312
512
13
113
313
513
713
713A
14
114
114A
314
15
115
215
315
315A
415
515
715
715A
16
116
116A
116B
216
216A
316
316A
516
516A
516C
516D
516E
716
716A
716B
17
117
117A
217
317
317A
517
717
717A
717B
18
118
218
19
119
219
319
319D
419
519
719
919
20
120
220
320
320D
320G
520
720
21
321
321G
921
22
122
122A
122B
322
522
722
922
23
123
24
124C
124D
25
125
325
925
925A
26
126
126A
326
326A
27
127
127A
127B
127C
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527
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128
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328
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129
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229
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731A
731AG
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931
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132
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532
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734
934
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335
36
136
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536
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137A
38
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338
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539
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146
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361F
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461B
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561A
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162
162A
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163A
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165
365
365A
365B
365BB
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965C
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965DD
965G
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166A
166D
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266
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566
766
766C
766E
766EE
966
966A
966B
67
167
167A
167B
167BG
367
367A
68
168
168A
968
69
169
169A
369
369E
70
71
73
173
373
75
275
275K
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79
179A
179B
179D
81
181
381
381A
381B
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183
183A
383
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185
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Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
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Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
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Maharashtra
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Mizoram
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Odisha
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Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Tripura
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Notable
Arunachal Frontier Highway
Golden Quadrilateral
Grand Trunk Road
North–South and East–West Corridor
vteSecondary routes of National Highway 48 Route in States of India
Delhi
Haryana
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Secondary Routes of NH 48
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micklefield | Micklefield | ["1 Geography","2 History","2.1 Old and New Micklefield","2.2 Mining history","3 Sport and leisure","3.1 Football","3.2 Cricket","3.3 Skate Park","3.4 Multi use games area","4 School","5 Hook Moor Wind Farm","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"] | Coordinates: 53°47′42″N 1°19′37″W / 53.795°N 1.327°W / 53.795; -1.327Village and civil parish in West Yorkshire, England
For other uses, see Micklefield (disambiguation).
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Human settlement in EnglandMicklefieldMicklefieldShow map of LeedsMicklefieldLocation within West YorkshireShow map of West YorkshirePopulation1,893 (2011)Metropolitan boroughCity of LeedsMetropolitan countyWest YorkshireRegionYorkshire and the HumberCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townLeedsPostcode districtLS25Dialling code0113PoliceWest YorkshireFireWest YorkshireAmbulanceYorkshire
UK ParliamentElmet and Rothwell
List of places
UK
England
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53°47′42″N 1°19′37″W / 53.795°N 1.327°W / 53.795; -1.327
St Mary the Virgin, the parish church of Micklefield.
Micklefield is a village and civil parish in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It neighbours Garforth, Aberford and Brotherton and is close to the A1(M) motorway. The population as of the 2011 Census was 1,893, increased from 1,852 in 2001.
Geography
The village is typical of Yorkshire's former coal mining communities with its mix of local authority and private houses. It has undergone a rapid expansion in recent years with former commercial premises being demolished to make way for new private housing. The police house, fire station, community centre and local miner's welfare club have closed leaving the village with one public house, the Blands Arms, and two local convenience stores, in addition to land known locally as the "Mickie Rec" (recreation ground) which contains a football pitch, cricket pitch and two bowling greens. The "Rec" was owned and operated by the Coal Board before the closure of the local pit in 1980.
The 1½ mile, £460,000, Micklefield Bypass opened in 1960. It was replaced by the A1(M) in 2005. Nearby, to the west, is the A656 Roman Ridge Road.
Micklefield Station
Micklefield railway station is approximately midway between Leeds to the west and York/Selby to the east. In June 2006 it won the award for "best kept railway station" in all Yorkshire, after making huge strides in the refurbishment of the station. In April 2017 work was undertaken in Micklefield to realign the track as part of the Transpennine route upgrade, and the position of the Leeds bound platform was altered.
There are proposals for a new station called East Leeds Parkway. This would have a park and ride scheme with space for 500 cars. This station would be sited close to Micklefield but the scheme was put on hold due to a lack of central government funding.
Through the 1970s and 1980s Micklefield had a sometimes poor reputation locally as a result of crime on the Garden Village local authority housing estate and the policies then occupied by Leeds City Council.
History
Old and New Micklefield
Blands Arms, Old Micklefield
Micklefield is a village of two halves. One road – the Great North Road or "the old A1" – links the two with a distinctive S bend surrounded fields giving a fair indication of when moving from one half to the other.
The southern part is known as "new Micklefield". It contains the railway station, landfill site, industrial park and allotments. Housing consists mainly of late 19th century/early 20th century terraced cottages built for miners, some larger pre-war semi-detached houses, and the Garden Village housing estate. In recent years, new flats have been built next to Pit Lane. The old fire station is used as a community centre. Nearby is a sandwich bar, and a small independent shop.
The northerly part of the village (Old Micklefield) has fewer visible ties to the village's industrial past, and contains most of the village amenities, including the church, school, pub, farm shop, general stores (formerly the post office) and Doctors surgery. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. The Churchville housing estate consists of 1950's brick semi-detached houses, retirement bungalows and terraces, and is bordered by large detached houses, character properties and modern town houses.
In recent years Old Micklefield has seen new developments of additional higher end detached/semi-detached properties, including the Grange Farm Development on Great North Road, and a further 12 properties called 'Manor Chase', situated opposite the village school. In spring 2019, work began on a larger expansion to the village, which will eventually infill the land between the existing Great North Road and adjacent motorway. It will also tie together the two parts of the village, taking up much of the green space in-between the two. The developers involved are Strata, Barratt Homes (developing Drovers Court) and Persimmon. The Strata development is advertised as being made up of 4–5 bedroom homes. Local concern centres around how the villages amenities will cope with the expansion, as little is currently planned in terms of improvements.
Mining history
The area had been a site of coal mining since the 13th century. In 1835 and 1836, Micklefield Colliery was sunk. A second colliery, Peckfield, was sunk between 1872 and 1875, producing high volatile bituminous coal in the Westphalian Coal Measures.. Peckfield was still open at the time of nationalisation. After the financial year 1965–66, plans began to close the colliery, which was nearing exhaustion. Owing to the being one of the nearest collieries to the new Selby Coalfield, the Peckfield workforce was amongst the first to have the offer of relocation to Selby on the pit's closure in 1980. The Peckfield site remained open for the washing of coal from nearby Ledston Luck Colliery until the end of the 1982–83 financial year. The site is now a landfill.
In first half of the 20th century, two seams of coal were worked. The first was the Beeston seam at 170–180 yards depth; the second was a deeper Blackbed seam at 210–220 yards.
Up to the 1980s the pit was served by a 2' 6" gauge rail link which transported coal from Ledston Luck Mine to the south, from where the coal could be shipped via the mainline rail.
The pit came into operation in the 1870s and was the location of an enormous explosion on 30 April 1896, in which 63 of the 300 workers (men and boys) died. Twenty died from the explosion, the rest from afterdamp. Only four of the 23 pit ponies survived the disaster. Ninety children were rendered fatherless in the disaster, and plaques in the village school, church and pub are dedicated to their loss.
Sport and leisure
Football
Micklefield AFC are an amateur football team. They play their home fixtures in the village recreation ground. The pitch consists of 1 small covered terraced stand and a metal barrier runs round the perimeter to prevent encroachment.
Micklefield AFC was established in 1953, although it wasn't until the late 1960s that it rose to prominence. The club enjoyed great success throughout the 1970s and 80's, winning several amateur leagues and cups. The 1990s saw the retirement of many key players and subsequently the club's form on the pitch deteriorated. In 2002 the club reached its first final since the 1970s and 1980s only to lose in injury time. In 2004 the club folded due to a lack of players. The club was revived in 2007.
Cricket
There is a cricket pitch in the rec. Micklefield do not have a team but the pitch is occasionally used by Kippax Welfare and Aberford.
Skate Park
The recreation ground contains a skate park, built in 2009.
Multi use games area
In late 2016, fundraising was undertaken in conjunction with a local supermarket to raise funds for a multi use games area. In July 2017 construction began on the surface which is situated in the recreation ground, on the disused site of the former village bowling green.
School
Since records began Micklefield has been noted to have three primary schools, with one of them tragically burning down at the bottom end of the village, in the early 1980s. During the period when Micklefield had no school, students attended primary schools in Sherburn-in-Elmet and Garforth Barley Hill Road school for a short period. During this period the current school was built. It is situated in the middle of the village. Micklefield CofE Primary School was rebuilt using portacabins on the site of the old school which had burnt down until 1987 when it was relocated to the middle of the village besides the local public house,the Bland's Arms.
Hook Moor Wind Farm
Proposals brought by Banks Renewables Ltd to build a wind farm on Hook Moor, to the east (and slightly north) of the village but separated from it by the A1(M) motorway section, provoked strong emotions and divisions within the community. Village opinion was polarized along north/south lines, with some Old Micklefield residents accusing New Micklefielders who support the plans, of "Schadenfreude". To which, the standard reply was, if the plans were situated in New Micklefield, nobody would be against the proposals at all.
Banks submitted a planning application in 2008, which was refused by Leeds City Council in 2009, and an appeal by Banks in 2010 was rejected. Banks then sought a judicial review, and the High Court found that the criteria on which the wind farm had been rejected were invalid. A second planning application in 2011 was approved.
Construction of the wind farm began in 2015, and came online the following year with a total of 5 turbines with electricity production capacity of 10 MW.
See also
Listed buildings in Micklefield
References
^ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Leeds Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 10 September 2009
^ "Great North Rail Project". Network Rail. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
^ Downes, Eddie (2016). Yorkshire Collieries 1947–1994. London: Think Pit Publication. pp. 426–432. ISBN 9-780995-570900.
^ "History of Micklefield Primary school 2".
^ "Hook Moor wind farm plans approved on appeal". Banks Group. 13 December 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
^ "Plans for Leeds' first wind farm approved". BBC. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Micklefield.
"The Ancient Parish of Sherburn in Elmet". GENUKI. Retrieved 29 October 2007. Micklefield was in this parish
"Leeds City Council housing department". Archived from the original on 22 January 2008.
"Micklefield reunited with Brotherton". BBC News. 4 April 2005. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
"Hook Moor Wind Farm Action Group". Archived from the original on 19 November 2008.
"Banks Developments". | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Micklefield (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micklefield_(disambiguation)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Micklefield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_45037.jpg"},{"link_name":"village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village"},{"link_name":"civil parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_parish"},{"link_name":"City of Leeds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Leeds"},{"link_name":"West Yorkshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Yorkshire"},{"link_name":"Garforth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garforth"},{"link_name":"Aberford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberford"},{"link_name":"Brotherton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brotherton"},{"link_name":"A1(M) motorway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A1(M)_motorway"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Village and civil parish in West Yorkshire, EnglandFor other uses, see Micklefield (disambiguation).Human settlement in EnglandSt Mary the Virgin, the parish church of Micklefield.Micklefield is a village and civil parish in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. 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It has undergone a rapid expansion in recent years with former commercial premises being demolished to make way for new private housing. The police house, fire station, community centre and local miner's welfare club have closed leaving the village with one public house, the Blands Arms, and two local convenience stores, in addition to land known locally as the \"Mickie Rec\" (recreation ground) which contains a football pitch, cricket pitch and two bowling greens. The \"Rec\" was owned and operated by the Coal Board before the closure of the local pit in 1980.The 1½ mile, £460,000, Micklefield Bypass opened in 1960. It was replaced by the A1(M) in 2005. Nearby, to the west, is the A656 Roman Ridge Road.Micklefield StationMicklefield railway station is approximately midway between Leeds to the west and York/Selby to the east. In June 2006 it won the award for \"best kept railway station\" in all Yorkshire, after making huge strides in the refurbishment of the station. In April 2017 work was undertaken in Micklefield to realign the track as part of the Transpennine route upgrade, and the position of the Leeds bound platform was altered.[3]There are proposals for a new station called East Leeds Parkway. This would have a park and ride scheme with space for 500 cars. This station would be sited close to Micklefield but the scheme was put on hold due to a lack of central government funding.Through the 1970s and 1980s Micklefield had a sometimes poor reputation locally as a result of crime on the Garden Village local authority housing estate and the policies then occupied by Leeds City Council.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blands_Arms,_Great_North_Road,_Micklefield_(22nd_March_2014)_001.JPG"}],"sub_title":"Old and New Micklefield","text":"Blands Arms, Old MicklefieldMicklefield is a village of two halves. One road – the Great North Road or \"the old A1\" – links the two with a distinctive S bend surrounded fields giving a fair indication of when moving from one half to the other.The southern part is known as \"new Micklefield\". It contains the railway station, landfill site, industrial park and allotments. Housing consists mainly of late 19th century/early 20th century terraced cottages built for miners, some larger pre-war semi-detached houses, and the Garden Village housing estate. In recent years, new flats have been built next to Pit Lane. The old fire station is used as a community centre. Nearby is a sandwich bar, and a small independent shop.The northerly part of the village (Old Micklefield) has fewer visible ties to the village's industrial past, and contains most of the village amenities, including the church, school, pub, farm shop, general stores (formerly the post office) and Doctors surgery. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. The Churchville housing estate consists of 1950's brick semi-detached houses, retirement bungalows and terraces, and is bordered by large detached houses, character properties and modern town houses.In recent years Old Micklefield has seen new developments of additional higher end detached/semi-detached properties, including the Grange Farm Development on Great North Road, and a further 12 properties called 'Manor Chase', situated opposite the village school. In spring 2019, work began on a larger expansion to the village, which will eventually infill the land between the existing Great North Road and adjacent motorway. It will also tie together the two parts of the village, taking up much of the green space in-between the two. The developers involved are Strata, Barratt Homes (developing Drovers Court) and Persimmon. The Strata development is advertised as being made up of 4–5 bedroom homes. Local concern centres around how the villages amenities will cope with the expansion, as little is currently planned in terms of improvements.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bituminous coal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituminous_coal"},{"link_name":"Selby Coalfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selby_Coalfield"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"2' 6\" gauge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway"},{"link_name":"enormous explosion on 30 April 1896","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peckfield_Colliery_Disaster"},{"link_name":"pit ponies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_pony"}],"sub_title":"Mining history","text":"The area had been a site of coal mining since the 13th century. In 1835 and 1836, Micklefield Colliery was sunk. A second colliery, Peckfield, was sunk between 1872 and 1875, producing high volatile bituminous coal in the Westphalian Coal Measures.. Peckfield was still open at the time of nationalisation. After the financial year 1965–66, plans began to close the colliery, which was nearing exhaustion. Owing to the being one of the nearest collieries to the new Selby Coalfield, the Peckfield workforce was amongst the first to have the offer of relocation to Selby on the pit's closure in 1980. The Peckfield site remained open for the washing of coal from nearby Ledston Luck Colliery until the end of the 1982–83 financial year. The site is now a landfill.[4]In first half of the 20th century, two seams of coal were worked. The first was the Beeston seam at 170–180 yards depth; the second was a deeper Blackbed seam at 210–220 yards.Up to the 1980s the pit was served by a 2' 6\" gauge rail link which transported coal from Ledston Luck Mine to the south, from where the coal could be shipped via the mainline rail.The pit came into operation in the 1870s and was the location of an enormous explosion on 30 April 1896, in which 63 of the 300 workers (men and boys) died. Twenty died from the explosion, the rest from afterdamp. Only four of the 23 pit ponies survived the disaster. Ninety children were rendered fatherless in the disaster, and plaques in the village school, church and pub are dedicated to their loss.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Sport and leisure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Football","text":"Micklefield AFC are an amateur football team. They play their home fixtures in the village recreation ground. The pitch consists of 1 small covered terraced stand and a metal barrier runs round the perimeter to prevent encroachment.Micklefield AFC was established in 1953, although it wasn't until the late 1960s that it rose to prominence. The club enjoyed great success throughout the 1970s and 80's, winning several amateur leagues and cups. The 1990s saw the retirement of many key players and subsequently the club's form on the pitch deteriorated. In 2002 the club reached its first final since the 1970s and 1980s only to lose in injury time. In 2004 the club folded due to a lack of players. The club was revived in 2007.[citation needed]","title":"Sport and leisure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kippax Welfare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kippax_Welfare&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Aberford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberford"}],"sub_title":"Cricket","text":"There is a cricket pitch in the rec. Micklefield do not have a team but the pitch is occasionally used by Kippax Welfare and Aberford.","title":"Sport and leisure"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Skate Park","text":"The recreation ground contains a skate park, built in 2009.","title":"Sport and leisure"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Multi use games area","text":"In late 2016, fundraising was undertaken in conjunction with a local supermarket to raise funds for a multi use games area. In July 2017 construction began on the surface which is situated in the recreation ground, on the disused site of the former village bowling green.","title":"Sport and leisure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sherburn-in-Elmet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherburn-in-Elmet"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Since records began Micklefield has been noted to have three primary schools, with one of them tragically burning down at the bottom end of the village, in the early 1980s. During the period when Micklefield had no school, students attended primary schools in Sherburn-in-Elmet and Garforth Barley Hill Road school for a short period.[5] During this period the current school was built. It is situated in the middle of the village. Micklefield CofE Primary School was rebuilt using portacabins on the site of the old school which had burnt down until 1987 when it was relocated to the middle of the village besides the local public house,the Bland's Arms.","title":"School"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Banks Renewables Ltd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_Renewables_Ltd"},{"link_name":"wind farm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm"},{"link_name":"A1(M)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A1(M)"},{"link_name":"Schadenfreude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schadenfreude"},{"link_name":"Leeds City Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_City_Council"},{"link_name":"judicial review","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_review"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Proposals brought by Banks Renewables Ltd to build a wind farm on Hook Moor, to the east (and slightly north) of the village but separated from it by the A1(M) motorway section, provoked strong emotions and divisions within the community. Village opinion was polarized along north/south lines, with some Old Micklefield residents accusing New Micklefielders who support the plans, of \"Schadenfreude\". To which, the standard reply was, if the plans were situated in New Micklefield, nobody would be against the proposals at all.Banks submitted a planning application in 2008, which was refused by Leeds City Council in 2009, and an appeal by Banks in 2010 was rejected. Banks then sought a judicial review, and the High Court found that the criteria on which the wind farm had been rejected were invalid. A second planning application in 2011 was approved.[6][7]Construction of the wind farm began in 2015, and came online the following year with a total of 5 turbines with electricity production capacity of 10 MW.[citation needed]","title":"Hook Moor Wind Farm"}] | [{"image_text":"St Mary the Virgin, the parish church of Micklefield.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Micklefield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_45037.jpg/220px-St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Micklefield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_45037.jpg"},{"image_text":"Micklefield Station","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Micklefield_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_45035.jpg/220px-Micklefield_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_45035.jpg"},{"image_text":"Blands Arms, Old Micklefield","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blands_Arms%2C_Great_North_Road%2C_Micklefield_%2822nd_March_2014%29_001.JPG/220px-Blands_Arms%2C_Great_North_Road%2C_Micklefield_%2822nd_March_2014%29_001.JPG"}] | [{"title":"Listed buildings in Micklefield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Micklefield"}] | [{"reference":"\"Civil Parish population 2011\". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 February 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11126523&c=Micklefield&d=16&e=62&g=6372552&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1456676593688&enc=1","url_text":"\"Civil Parish population 2011\""}]},{"reference":"\"Great North Rail Project\". Network Rail. Retrieved 27 June 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.networkrail.co.uk/our-railway-upgrade-plan/key-projects/northern-programmes/","url_text":"\"Great North Rail Project\""}]},{"reference":"Downes, Eddie (2016). Yorkshire Collieries 1947–1994. London: Think Pit Publication. pp. 426–432. ISBN 9-780995-570900.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-780995-570900","url_text":"9-780995-570900"}]},{"reference":"\"History of Micklefield Primary school 2\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.leedslearningnetwork.co.uk/","url_text":"\"History of Micklefield Primary school 2\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hook Moor wind farm plans approved on appeal\". Banks Group. 13 December 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.banksgroup.co.uk/hook-moor-wind-farm-plans-approved-on-appeal/","url_text":"\"Hook Moor wind farm plans approved on appeal\""}]},{"reference":"\"Plans for Leeds' first wind farm approved\". BBC. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-16116701","url_text":"\"Plans for Leeds' first wind farm approved\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Ancient Parish of Sherburn in Elmet\". GENUKI. Retrieved 29 October 2007.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Sherburninelmet/index.html","url_text":"\"The Ancient Parish of Sherburn in Elmet\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENUKI","url_text":"GENUKI"}]},{"reference":"\"Leeds City Council housing department\". Archived from the original on 22 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080122122715/http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Housing.aspx","url_text":"\"Leeds City Council housing department\""},{"url":"http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Housing.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Micklefield reunited with Brotherton\". BBC News. 4 April 2005. Retrieved 5 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/4402009.stm","url_text":"\"Micklefield reunited with Brotherton\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hook Moor Wind Farm Action Group\". Archived from the original on 19 November 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081119235414/http://www.hookmoorwindfarm.org.uk/","url_text":"\"Hook Moor Wind Farm Action Group\""},{"url":"http://www.hookmoorwindfarm.org.uk/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Banks Developments\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.banksdevelopments.com/","url_text":"\"Banks Developments\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Micklefield¶ms=53.795_N_1.327_W_region:GB_type:city(1893)","external_links_name":"53°47′42″N 1°19′37″W / 53.795°N 1.327°W / 53.795; -1.327"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Micklefield¶ms=53.795_N_1.327_W_region:GB_type:city(1893)","external_links_name":"53°47′42″N 1°19′37″W / 53.795°N 1.327°W / 53.795; -1.327"},{"Link":"http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11126523&c=Micklefield&d=16&e=62&g=6372552&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1456676593688&enc=1","external_links_name":"\"Civil Parish population 2011\""},{"Link":"http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=8&containerAreaId=790272","external_links_name":"Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Leeds"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150319120527/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=8&containerAreaId=790272","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.networkrail.co.uk/our-railway-upgrade-plan/key-projects/northern-programmes/","external_links_name":"\"Great North Rail Project\""},{"Link":"http://www.leedslearningnetwork.co.uk/","external_links_name":"\"History of Micklefield Primary school 2\""},{"Link":"http://www.banksgroup.co.uk/hook-moor-wind-farm-plans-approved-on-appeal/","external_links_name":"\"Hook Moor wind farm plans approved on appeal\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-16116701","external_links_name":"\"Plans for Leeds' first wind farm approved\""},{"Link":"http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Sherburninelmet/index.html","external_links_name":"\"The Ancient Parish of Sherburn in Elmet\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080122122715/http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Housing.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Leeds City Council housing department\""},{"Link":"http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Housing.aspx","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/4402009.stm","external_links_name":"\"Micklefield reunited with Brotherton\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081119235414/http://www.hookmoorwindfarm.org.uk/","external_links_name":"\"Hook Moor Wind Farm Action Group\""},{"Link":"http://www.hookmoorwindfarm.org.uk/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.banksdevelopments.com/","external_links_name":"\"Banks Developments\""}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laird_(title) | Laird | ["1 Etymology","2 History and definition","2.1 Today","3 Traditional and current forms of address","4 Souvenir plots and false titles","5 See also","6 References","6.1 Sources","7 External links"] | Owner of a Scottish estate
For other uses, see Laird (disambiguation).
A laird (/ˈlɛərd/) is the owner of a large, long-established Scottish estate. In the traditional Scottish order of precedence, a laird ranked below a baron and above a gentleman. This rank was held only by those lairds holding official recognition in a territorial designation by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. They are usually styled of . However, since "laird" is a courtesy title, it has no formal status in law.
Historically, the term bonnet laird was applied to rural, petty landowners, as they wore a bonnet like the non-landowning classes. Bonnet lairds filled a position in society below lairds and above husbandmen (farmers), similar to the yeomen of England.
An Internet fad is the selling of tiny souvenir plots of Scottish land and a claim of a "laird" title to go along with it, but the Lord Lyon has decreed these meaningless for several reasons.
Etymology
Laird (earlier lard) is the now-standard Scots pronunciation (and phonetic spelling) of the word that is pronounced and spelled in standard English as lord. As can be seen in the Middle English version of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, specifically in the Reeve's Tale, Northern Middle English had a where Southern Middle English had o, a difference still found in standard English two and Scots twa.
The Scots and Northern English dialectal variant laird has been recorded in writing since the 13th century, as a surname, and in its modern context since the middle of the 15th century. It is derived from the Northern Middle English laverd, itself derived from the Old English word hlafweard meaning "warden of loaves". The Standard English variant, lord, is of the same origin, and would have formerly been interchangeable with laird; however, in modern usage the term lord is associated with a peerage title, and thus the terms have come to have separate meanings. (In Scotland, the title baron is not a peerage; the equivalent of an English baron is a Lord of Parliament, e.g. Lord Lovat.)
History and definition
Carving believed to depict a 16th-century Scottish laird
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the designation was used for land owners holding directly of the Crown, and therefore were entitled to attend Parliament. Lairds reigned over their estates like princes, their castles forming a small court. Originally in the 16th and 17th centuries, the designation was applied to the head chief of a highland clan and therefore was not personal property and had obligations towards the community.
The laird may possess certain local or feudal rights. A lairdship carried voting rights in the ancient pre-Union Parliament of Scotland, although such voting rights were expressed via two representatives from each county who were known as Commissioners of the Shires, who came from the laird class and were chosen by their peers to represent them. A certain level of landownership was a necessary qualification (40 shillings of old extent). A laird is said to hold a lairdship. A woman who holds a lairdship in her own right has been styled with the honorific "Lady".
Although "laird" is sometimes translated as lord and historically signifies the same, like the English term lord of the manor, laird is not a title of nobility. The designation is a "corporeal hereditament" (an inheritable property that has an explicit tie to the physical land), i.e. the designation cannot be held in gross, and cannot be bought and sold without selling the physical land. The designation does not entitle the owner to sit in the House of Lords, and is the Scottish equivalent to an English squire, in that it is not a noble title, more a courtesy designation meaning landowner with no other rights assigned to it. A laird possessing a coat of arms registered in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland is a member of Scotland's minor nobility. Such a person can be recognised as a laird, if not a chief or chieftain, or descendant of one of these, by the formal recognition of a territorial designation as a part of their name by the Lord Lyon. The Lord Lyon is the ultimate arbiter as to determining entitlement to a territorial designation, and his right of discretion in recognising these, and their status as a name, dignity or title, have been confirmed in the Scottish courts.
Today
The Laird, a figurine by Royal Doulton
A study in 2003 by academics at the Universities of Edinburgh and Aberdeen concluded that:
The modern Scottish Highland sporting estate continues to be a place owned by an absentee landowner who uses its 15-20,000 acres for hunting and family holidays. While tolerating public access, he (82% of lairds are male) feels threatened by new legislation, and believes that canoeing and mountain-biking should not take place on his estate at all.
Traditional and current forms of address
The use of the honorific "The Much Honoured" by lairds is archaic, although technically correct.
The wife of a laird is traditionally accorded the courtesy title Lady; in the UK television series Monarch of the Glen (based on the 1941 novel by Compton Mackenzie), the wife of "Hector Naismith MacDonald, Laird of Glenbogle" is referenced as "Lady of Glenbogle".
King George V and his wife Queen Mary were reported as being "The Laird and Lady of Balmoral" by the Scottish press in the 1920s and 1930s.
Souvenir plots and false titles
See also: Souvenir plot and False titles of nobility
A contemporary popular view of lairdship titles has taken a unique twist in the 21st century with sales of souvenir plots from sellers who obtain no legal right to the title. A souvenir plot is defined in the Land Registration (Scotland) Act 2012 as "a piece of land ... of inconsiderable size or no practical utility". Several websites, and Internet vendors on websites like eBay, sell Scottish lairdships along with minuscule "plots of land" – usually one square foot. The Court of the Lord Lyon considers these particular titles to be meaningless because it is impossible to have numerous "lairds" of a single estate at the same time, as has been advertised by these companies.
However, despite the law and guidance by the Court of the Lord Lyon, the sellers view the contract purporting to sell a plot of Scottish souvenir land as bestowing the buyer with the informal right to the title of Laird. This is despite the fact that the buyer does not acquire ownership of the plot because registration of the plot is prohibited by Land Registration (Scotland) Act 2012, s 22 (1)(b). As ownership of land in Scotland requires registration of a valid disposition under Land Registration (Scotland) Act 2012, s 50 (2), the prohibition on registration of a souvenir plot means the buyer does not acquire ownership, and accordingly has no entitlement to a descriptive title premised on landownership.
The Lord Lyon, Scotland's authority on titles and heraldry, has produced the following guidance regarding the current concept of a "souvenir plot" and the use of the term "laird" as a courtesy title:
The term "laird" has generally been applied to the owner of an estate, sometimes by the owner himself or, more commonly, by those living and working on the estate. It is a description rather than a title, and is not appropriate for the owner of a normal residential property, far less the owner of a small souvenir plot of land. The term "laird" is not synonymous with that of "lord" or "lady".
Ownership of a souvenir plot of land is not sufficient to bring a person otherwise ineligible within the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon for the purpose of seeking a grant of arms.
See also
Forms of address in the United Kingdom
Laird (surname)
Scottish feudal barony
References
^ "Definition of bonnet laird". Merriam-Webster (Dictionary). Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
^ "Dictionary of the Scots Language". Retrieved 4 October 2019.
^ The Canterbury Tales (edited by Jill Mann) Penguin Classics 2005
^ "Online Etymology Dictionary – laird". Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
^ Perelman, p.141 ( ch. 7 )
^ Adam, F.; Innes of Learney, T. (1952). The Clans, Septs, and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands (4th ed.). Edinburgh & London: W. & A.K. Johnston Limited.
^ "How to address a Chief, Chieftain or Laird". Debrett's Forms of Address. Debrett's. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ Adam, F.; Innes of Learney, T. (1952). The Clans, Septs, and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands (4th ed.). Edinburgh & London: W. & A.K. Johnston Limited. p. 401. Scottish law and nobiliary practice, like those of many other European realms, recognise a number of special titles, some of which relate to chiefship and chieftaincy of families and groups as such, others being in respect of territorial lairdship. These form part of the Law of Name which falls under the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon King of Arms, and are recognised by the Crown. As regards these chiefly, clan, and territorial titles, by Scots law each proprietor of an estate is entitled to add the name of his property to his surname, and if he does this consistently, to treat the whole as a title or name, and under Statute 1672 cap. 47, to subscribe himself so
^ "OPINION OF THE COURT delivered by LORD MARNOCH". Court of Session. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
^ "The Highland sporting estate: Absentee landlords slow to embrace change". Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
^ "Susan Hampshire: Monarch of the TV". Leigh Journal. 17 October 2003. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. FAR from being a dotty dowager, Molly – now the Second Lady of Glenbogle – has style ...
^ "The Laird and Lady of Balmoral". Dundee Courier Angus, Scotland – 26 August 1927. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2014. THE LAIRD AND LADY OF BALMORAL. How a Royal Holiday is Spent. By a Special Correspondent. The King arrives at Balmoral Castle tomorrow morning, and the Queen will join His Majesty towards the end of next week. Deeside has been preparing for His Majesty's annual ...
^ "Caution the souvenir hunters". Journal of the Law Society of Scotland. 16 April 2012.
^ "Scottish Highland Titles". faketitles.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
^ Cramb, Auslan (11 December 2004). "How to lord it over your friends for only £29.99". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
^ "The Ludicrous 'Scottish Laird' Scams". Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
^ "New Internet Con Selling Phoney Lairdships". Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.
^ "The Court of the Lord Lyon". July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
^ "The Court of the Lord Lyon: Lairds". July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
Sources
Perelman, Michael The Invention of Capitalism: Classical Political Economy and the Secret History of Primitive Accumulation Published by Duke University Press, 2000 ISBN 0-8223-2491-1, ISBN 978-0-8223-2491-1
External links
Look up laird in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-lairds.html
http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/territorial-designation.html Archived 3 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Laird (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laird_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"/ˈlɛərd/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"Scottish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland"},{"link_name":"baron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_feudal_baron"},{"link_name":"gentleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentleman"},{"link_name":"territorial designation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_designation"},{"link_name":"Lord Lyon King of Arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms"},{"link_name":"courtesy title","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"bonnet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)#Men"},{"link_name":"husbandmen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husbandman"},{"link_name":"yeomen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeoman"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Internet fad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_fad"},{"link_name":"souvenir plots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvenir_plot"}],"text":"For other uses, see Laird (disambiguation).A laird (/ˈlɛərd/) is the owner of a large, long-established Scottish estate. In the traditional Scottish order of precedence, a laird ranked below a baron and above a gentleman. This rank was held only by those lairds holding official recognition in a territorial designation by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. They are usually styled [name] [surname] of [lairdship]. However, since \"laird\" is a courtesy title, it has no formal status in law.Historically, the term bonnet laird was applied to rural, petty landowners, as they wore a bonnet like the non-landowning classes. Bonnet lairds filled a position in society below lairds and above husbandmen (farmers), similar to the yeomen of England.[1]An Internet fad is the selling of tiny souvenir plots of Scottish land and a claim of a \"laird\" title to go along with it, but the Lord Lyon has decreed these meaningless for several reasons.","title":"Laird"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_language"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Middle English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English"},{"link_name":"Chaucer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer"},{"link_name":"Canterbury Tales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_Tales"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Reeve's Tale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeve%27s_Tale"},{"link_name":"Old English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English"},{"link_name":"loaves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loaf"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Standard English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_English"},{"link_name":"peerage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerage"},{"link_name":"baron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_feudal_baron"},{"link_name":"Lord of Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_Parliament"},{"link_name":"Lord Lovat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lovat"}],"text":"Laird (earlier lard) is the now-standard Scots pronunciation (and phonetic spelling) of the word that is pronounced and spelled in standard English as lord.[2] As can be seen in the Middle English version of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales,[3] specifically in the Reeve's Tale, Northern Middle English had a where Southern Middle English had o, a difference still found in standard English two and Scots twa.The Scots and Northern English dialectal variant laird has been recorded in writing since the 13th century, as a surname, and in its modern context since the middle of the 15th century. It is derived from the Northern Middle English laverd, itself derived from the Old English word hlafweard meaning \"warden of loaves\".[4] The Standard English variant, lord, is of the same origin, and would have formerly been interchangeable with laird; however, in modern usage the term lord is associated with a peerage title, and thus the terms have come to have separate meanings. (In Scotland, the title baron is not a peerage; the equivalent of an English baron is a Lord of Parliament, e.g. Lord Lovat.)","title":"Etymology"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-16thC_Renaissance_carving_from_Killochan_Castle,_Ayrshire.JPG"},{"link_name":"princes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"feudal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudal"},{"link_name":"Parliament of Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"lord","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord"},{"link_name":"lord of the manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor"},{"link_name":"nobility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility"},{"link_name":"in gross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_in_gross"},{"link_name":"House of Lords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lords"},{"link_name":"squire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squire"},{"link_name":"coat of arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_heraldry"},{"link_name":"Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Register_of_All_Arms_and_Bearings_in_Scotland"},{"link_name":"chief or chieftain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief#%22Clan_chiefs%22_and_%22clan_chieftains%22"},{"link_name":"territorial designation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_designation"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Carving believed to depict a 16th-century Scottish lairdIn the 15th and 16th centuries, the designation was used for land owners holding directly of the Crown, and therefore were entitled to attend Parliament. Lairds reigned over their estates like princes, their castles forming a small court. Originally in the 16th and 17th centuries, the designation was applied to the head chief of a highland clan and therefore was not personal property and had obligations towards the community.[5]The laird may possess certain local or feudal rights. A lairdship carried voting rights in the ancient pre-Union Parliament of Scotland, although such voting rights were expressed via two representatives from each county who were known as Commissioners of the Shires, who came from the laird class and were chosen by their peers to represent them. A certain level of landownership was a necessary qualification (40 shillings of old extent). A laird is said to hold a lairdship. A woman who holds a lairdship in her own right has been styled with the honorific \"Lady\".[6]Although \"laird\" is sometimes translated as lord and historically signifies the same, like the English term lord of the manor, laird is not a title of nobility. The designation is a \"corporeal hereditament\" (an inheritable property that has an explicit tie to the physical land), i.e. the designation cannot be held in gross, and cannot be bought and sold without selling the physical land. The designation does not entitle the owner to sit in the House of Lords, and is the Scottish equivalent to an English squire, in that it is not a noble title, more a courtesy designation meaning landowner with no other rights assigned to it. A laird possessing a coat of arms registered in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland is a member of Scotland's minor nobility. Such a person can be recognised as a laird, if not a chief or chieftain, or descendant of one of these, by the formal recognition of a territorial designation as a part of their name by the Lord Lyon.[7][8] The Lord Lyon is the ultimate arbiter as to determining entitlement to a territorial designation, and his right of discretion in recognising these, and their status as a name, dignity or title, have been confirmed in the Scottish courts.[9]","title":"History and definition"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Laird,_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg"},{"link_name":"Royal Doulton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Doulton"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"Today","text":"The Laird, a figurine by Royal DoultonA study in 2003 by academics at the Universities of Edinburgh and Aberdeen concluded that:[10]The modern Scottish Highland sporting estate continues to be a place owned by an absentee landowner who uses its 15-20,000 acres for hunting and family holidays. While tolerating public access, he (82% of lairds are male) feels threatened by new legislation, and believes that canoeing and mountain-biking should not take place on his estate at all.","title":"History and definition"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Much Honoured","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Much_Honoured"},{"link_name":"courtesy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtesy_title"},{"link_name":"Lady","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady"},{"link_name":"Monarch of the Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_of_the_Glen_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Compton Mackenzie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_Mackenzie"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"King George V","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_V"},{"link_name":"Queen Mary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Teck"},{"link_name":"Balmoral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balmoral_Castle"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"The use of the honorific \"The Much Honoured\" by lairds is archaic, although technically correct.The wife of a laird is traditionally accorded the courtesy title Lady; in the UK television series Monarch of the Glen (based on the 1941 novel by Compton Mackenzie), the wife of \"Hector Naismith MacDonald, Laird of Glenbogle\" is referenced as \"Lady of Glenbogle\".[11]King George V and his wife Queen Mary were reported as being \"The Laird and Lady of Balmoral\" by the Scottish press in the 1920s and 1930s.[12]","title":"Traditional and current forms of address"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Souvenir plot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvenir_plot"},{"link_name":"False titles of nobility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility"},{"link_name":"souvenir plots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvenir_plot"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Internet vendors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_auction_business_model"},{"link_name":"eBay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay"},{"link_name":"square foot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_foot"},{"link_name":"Court of the Lord Lyon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_the_Lord_Lyon"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"See also: Souvenir plot and False titles of nobilityA contemporary popular view of lairdship titles has taken a unique twist in the 21st century with sales of souvenir plots from sellers who obtain no legal right to the title. A souvenir plot is defined in the Land Registration (Scotland) Act 2012 as \"a piece of land ... of inconsiderable size or no practical utility\".[13] Several websites, and Internet vendors on websites like eBay, sell Scottish lairdships along with minuscule \"plots of land\" – usually one square foot. The Court of the Lord Lyon considers these particular titles to be meaningless[14][15] because it is impossible to have numerous \"lairds\" of a single estate at the same time, as has been advertised by these companies.[16][17]However, despite the law and guidance by the Court of the Lord Lyon, the sellers view the contract purporting to sell a plot of Scottish souvenir land as bestowing the buyer with the informal right to the title of Laird. This is despite the fact that the buyer does not acquire ownership of the plot because registration of the plot is prohibited by Land Registration (Scotland) Act 2012, s 22 (1)(b). As ownership of land in Scotland requires registration of a valid disposition under Land Registration (Scotland) Act 2012, s 50 (2), the prohibition on registration of a souvenir plot means the buyer does not acquire ownership, and accordingly has no entitlement to a descriptive title premised on landownership.[18]The Lord Lyon, Scotland's authority on titles and heraldry, has produced the following guidance regarding the current concept of a \"souvenir plot\" and the use of the term \"laird\" as a courtesy title:[19]The term \"laird\" has generally been applied to the owner of an estate, sometimes by the owner himself or, more commonly, by those living and working on the estate. It is a description rather than a title, and is not appropriate for the owner of a normal residential property, far less the owner of a small souvenir plot of land. The term \"laird\" is not synonymous with that of \"lord\" or \"lady\".\nOwnership of a souvenir plot of land is not sufficient to bring a person otherwise ineligible within the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon for the purpose of seeking a grant of arms.","title":"Souvenir plots and false titles"}] | [{"image_text":"Carving believed to depict a 16th-century Scottish laird","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mid-16thC_Renaissance_carving_from_Killochan_Castle%2C_Ayrshire.JPG/220px-Mid-16thC_Renaissance_carving_from_Killochan_Castle%2C_Ayrshire.JPG"},{"image_text":"The Laird, a figurine by Royal Doulton","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/The_Laird%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg/220px-The_Laird%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg"}] | [{"title":"Forms of address in the United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forms_of_address_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"title":"Laird (surname)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laird_(surname)"},{"title":"Scottish feudal barony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_feudal_barony"}] | [{"reference":"\"Definition of bonnet laird\". Merriam-Webster (Dictionary). Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bonnet%20laird","url_text":"\"Definition of bonnet laird\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160203134642/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bonnet%20laird","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Dictionary of the Scots Language\". Retrieved 4 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/laird","url_text":"\"Dictionary of the Scots Language\""}]},{"reference":"\"Online Etymology Dictionary – laird\". Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=laird&allowed_in_frame=0","url_text":"\"Online Etymology Dictionary – laird\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150325234617/http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=laird&allowed_in_frame=0","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Adam, F.; Innes of Learney, T. (1952). The Clans, Septs, and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands (4th ed.). Edinburgh & London: W. & A.K. Johnston Limited.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"How to address a Chief, Chieftain or Laird\". Debrett's Forms of Address. Debrett's. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160528223550/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/scottish-and-irish-titles/chief-chieftain-or-laird","url_text":"\"How to address a Chief, Chieftain or Laird\""}]},{"reference":"Adam, F.; Innes of Learney, T. (1952). The Clans, Septs, and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands (4th ed.). Edinburgh & London: W. & A.K. Johnston Limited. p. 401. Scottish law and nobiliary practice, like those of many other European realms, recognise a number of special titles, some of which relate to chiefship and chieftaincy of families and groups as such, others being in respect of territorial lairdship. These form part of the Law of Name which falls under the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon King of Arms, and are recognised by the Crown. [...] As regards these chiefly, clan, and territorial titles, by Scots law each proprietor of an estate is entitled to add the name of his property to his surname, and if he does this consistently, to treat the whole as a title or name, and under Statute 1672 cap. 47, to subscribe himself so","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"OPINION OF THE COURT delivered by LORD MARNOCH\". Court of Session. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141216062956/http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2009CSIH61.html","url_text":"\"OPINION OF THE COURT delivered by LORD MARNOCH\""},{"url":"http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2009CSIH61.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Highland sporting estate: Absentee landlords slow to embrace change\". Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-02/esr-ths022003.php","url_text":"\"The Highland sporting estate: Absentee landlords slow to embrace change\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160811095114/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-02/esr-ths022003.php","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Susan Hampshire: Monarch of the TV\". Leigh Journal. 17 October 2003. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. FAR from being a dotty dowager, Molly – now the Second Lady of Glenbogle – has style ...","urls":[{"url":"http://www.leighjournal.co.uk/news/423563.display/","url_text":"\"Susan Hampshire: Monarch of the TV\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160202101402/http://www.leighjournal.co.uk/news/423563.display/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"The Laird and Lady of Balmoral\". Dundee Courier Angus, Scotland – 26 August 1927. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2014. THE LAIRD AND LADY OF BALMORAL. How a Royal Holiday is Spent. By a Special Correspondent. The King arrives at Balmoral Castle tomorrow morning, and the Queen will join His Majesty towards the end of next week. Deeside has been preparing for His Majesty's annual ...","urls":[{"url":"http://www.genesreunited.co.uk/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=laird%20and%20lady%20glen","url_text":"\"The Laird and Lady of Balmoral\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170905102450/http://www.genesreunited.co.uk/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=laird%20and%20lady%20glen","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Caution the souvenir hunters\". Journal of the Law Society of Scotland. 16 April 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.journalonline.co.uk/magazine/57-4/1011036.aspx#.XWL-BhjTWWg","url_text":"\"Caution the souvenir hunters\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_Law_Society_of_Scotland","url_text":"Journal of the Law Society of Scotland"}]},{"reference":"\"Scottish Highland Titles\". faketitles.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.faketitles.com/html/scottish_highland_titles.html","url_text":"\"Scottish Highland Titles\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090406034733/http://faketitles.com/html/scottish_highland_titles.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Cramb, Auslan (11 December 2004). \"How to lord it over your friends for only £29.99\". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1478745/How-to-lord-it-over-your-friends-for-only-29.99.html","url_text":"\"How to lord it over your friends for only £29.99\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph","url_text":"The Daily Telegraph"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100225122729/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1478745/How-to-lord-it-over-your-friends-for-only-29.99.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"The Ludicrous 'Scottish Laird' Scams\". Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120913160826/http://www.scots-titles.com/fake-lairds-lords/the-ludicrous-%E2%80%9Cscottish-laird%E2%80%9D-scams","url_text":"\"The Ludicrous 'Scottish Laird' Scams\""},{"url":"http://www.scots-titles.com/fake-lairds-lords/the-ludicrous-%E2%80%9Cscottish-laird%E2%80%9D-scams","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"New Internet Con Selling Phoney Lairdships\". Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120426161418/http://www.thefrasers.com/nessie/news/nesspapr708.html","url_text":"\"New Internet Con Selling Phoney Lairdships\""},{"url":"http://www.thefrasers.com/nessie/news/nesspapr708.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Court of the Lord Lyon\". July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120728090955/http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","url_text":"\"The Court of the Lord Lyon\""},{"url":"http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Court of the Lord Lyon: Lairds\". July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120728090955/http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","url_text":"\"The Court of the Lord Lyon: Lairds\""},{"url":"http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","url_text":"the original"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bonnet%20laird","external_links_name":"\"Definition of bonnet laird\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160203134642/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bonnet%20laird","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/laird","external_links_name":"\"Dictionary of the Scots Language\""},{"Link":"http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=laird&allowed_in_frame=0","external_links_name":"\"Online Etymology Dictionary – 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Scams\""},{"Link":"http://www.scots-titles.com/fake-lairds-lords/the-ludicrous-%E2%80%9Cscottish-laird%E2%80%9D-scams","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120426161418/http://www.thefrasers.com/nessie/news/nesspapr708.html","external_links_name":"\"New Internet Con Selling Phoney Lairdships\""},{"Link":"http://www.thefrasers.com/nessie/news/nesspapr708.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120728090955/http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","external_links_name":"\"The Court of the Lord Lyon\""},{"Link":"http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120728090955/http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","external_links_name":"\"The Court of the Lord Lyon: Lairds\""},{"Link":"http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/776.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/inventionofcapit02pere","external_links_name":"The Invention of Capitalism: Classical Political Economy and the Secret History of Primitive Accumulation"},{"Link":"http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-lairds.html","external_links_name":"http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-lairds.html"},{"Link":"http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/territorial-designation.html","external_links_name":"http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/territorial-designation.html"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200803024314/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/territorial-designation.html","external_links_name":"Archived"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Region_Metro | Rock Region Metro | ["1 Background","2 Bus Routes","3 Streetcars","4 River Cities Travel Center","5 Microtransit","6 Current Fleet","6.1 Bus","6.2 Paratransit","6.3 Rail","7 Future","8 Fixed route ridership","9 See also","10 External links","11 References"] | Transit authority of Little Rock, Arkansas
Rock Region MetroFounded1986Headquarters901 Maple StreetLocaleNorth Little Rock, ArkansasService areaLittle Rock Metro AreaService typeFixed RouteParatransitStreetcarRoutes21 Fixed Bus Routes4 Express Bus Routes2 Streetcar LinesStops1,455 (Bus) 15 (Rail)DestinationsCollege StationHensleyJacksonvilleLittle RockMaumelleNatural StepsNorth Little RockRolandSherwoodSweet HomeWoodsonWrightsvilleHubsRiver Cities Travel Center (Little Rock)Fleet59 Buses24 Paratransit Vans5 StreetcarsDaily ridership5,908 (2022)Annual ridership1,750,545 (2022)Fuel typeDiesel, ElectricWebsiterrmetro.org
Rock Region Metropolitan Transit Authority (also known as Rock Region Metro, stylized as Rock Region METRO), is the largest transit agency in Arkansas. It was formerly known as the Central Arkansas Transit Authority. Rock Region Metro provides public transportation services within Pulaski County, Arkansas, seven days a week.
The system has 25 bus routes, including four express commuter routes. A demand response ADA paratransit service, known as LINKS, operates alongside the fixed route hours and coverage area. A heritage streetcar system, known as the Metro Streetcar, operates 3.4 miles of track throughout the downtown areas of Little Rock and North Little Rock. In 2023, the system had a ridership of 1,315,600
(Includes Valley Metro and City of Phoenix PTD), or about 6,900 per weekday as of the first quarter of 2024.
Background
Map of Little Rock Railway and Electric Company c 1907
Prior to the creation of the former Central Arkansas Transit Authority, the transit system was owned and operated by private companies. Until 1950, the transit system was owned by Arkansas Power & Light (AP&L), the predecessor to Entergy Arkansas. In 1950, AP&L sold the transit system, then known as Capital Transportation Company (CTC), to a group of local investors. A strike by the transit union, Amalgamated Transit Union Division 704, in 1955-1956 left the company with a damaged reputation and exacerbated existing financial problems.
The governments of Little Rock and North Little Rock awarded the franchise to a new company, Citizens' Coach Company (CCC), on February 28, 1956. Although the new company was backed by a group of local unions, the same financial problems that CTC encountered led to the demise of CCC by 1962. The declining passenger revenue and rising wages left few resources to maintain the bus fleet.
Following the takeover of the transit system by Twin City Transit (TCT) on September 25, 1962, the federal government began offering funds to struggling transit systems through various assistance programs. This funding assisted TCT with purchasing new buses, and TCT experienced some financial success. But the increase in passenger revenue was temporary, as TCT could not keep up with offering service in the expanding cities without continuing to receive fare increases. A 1971 study recommended that the transit system shift to public ownership under the direction of a regional authority.
Central Arkansas Transit commenced operations under the trusteeship of the metropolitan planning organization Metroplan on May 1, 1972. As a regional planning entity, Metroplan lacked the resources to supervise a transit operation indefinitely. Local government partners were being asked to infuse more money into the operation, and wanted more of a direct say than the 1972 agreement granted. On July 14, 1986, CATA was chartered when the government of Pulaski County and the city governments of Little Rock, North Little Rock, Cammack Village, Maumelle, Sherwood, and Jacksonville entered into an interlocal agreement that established CATA as a public corporation. (Cammack Village eventually ceased participation in CATA, eliminating funds beginning with its 2006 budget.) On August 12, 2015, the Central Arkansas Transit Authority was officially rebranded as Rock Region Metro.
Bus Routes
#1
Pulaski Heights
#10
McCain Mall
#19
Hensley Express
#2
South Main
#11
Dr. M.L.K. Jr. Drive
#20
Hanger Hill/College Station
#3
Baptist Medical Center
#12
Clinton Center/Airport
#21
Riverdale
#4
Levy/Amboy
#13
Pulaski Tech
#22
University/Mabelvale
#5
West Markham
#14
Rosedale
#23
Baseline/Southwest
#6
Granite Mountain
#16
UALR
#25
Pinnacle Mountain Express
#7
Shorter College
#17
Mabelvale-Downtown
#26
Maumelle/Oak Grove Express
#8
Rodney Parham
#18
McAlmont
#36
Jacksonville/Sherwood Express
#9
West Central/Barrow Road
Streetcars
Two River Rail streetcars pause at the Historic Arkansas Museum stop in June 2005
Main article: Metro Streetcar
Metro Streetcar began operation in November 2004, as the River Rail Streetcar. (It was given its current name in 2015.) Operating 3.4 miles of track in Little Rock and across the Arkansas River in North Little Rock, the streetcar system caters to visitors, tourists, and local downtown residents. CATA conducted its River Rail Economic Enhancement Study in late 2012, noting resulting improvements in four areas: significant capital investment along the streetcar line, increased sales and property tax revenue, increased population of downtown neighborhood residents, and increased visitor volume and tourism for the streetcar and local attractions..
River Cities Travel Center
River Cities Travel Center (RCTC) opened on August 28, 2000, to serve as the main transfer hub in downtown Little Rock. As of January 2016, a total of 22 fixed routes and all four express routes serve RCTC, which doubles as the agency's primary sales and information office for riders. At the Midtown Target stop in central Little Rock, five fixed routes (#3, #5, #8, #9, and #22) converge on Midtown Avenue to provide more convenient, efficient transferring opportunities in west-central Little Rock.
Microtransit
Rock Region METRO operates on-demand ride hailing services through its Transloc App. It expanded service to Conway, Arkansas, on October 24, 2022, marking the city's first modern-day public transit service.
Current Fleet
All busses use Gillig Corporation as their make & Low Floor as their model.
Bus
Vehicle Numbers
Year
Notes
2101-2107; 2109
2001
35FT
2301-2309
2003
35FT
2401-2407
2004
29FT
2701-2705
2007
35FT
2706
2007
40FT
2801-2805
2008
40FT
2806-2810
2008
40FT
2901-2904
2009
40FT
2905-2907
2009
35FT
1001-1004
2010
40FT
Paratransit
All busses use ElDorado National as their make.
Vehicle Numbers
Model
Year
Notes
2851-2857
Aero Elite
2008
Chevrolet C4500 Cutaway
2961-2963
Aero Elite
2009
Chevrolet C4500 Cutaway; Jayco Chassis
2954-2965
Aero Elite
2008
Chevrolet C5500 Cutaway
1251-1252
Aero Tech
2012
Chevrolet G4500 Express Van Cutaway
Rail
All cars are manufactured by Gomaco Trolley Company as their make & Replica Birney as their model.
Vehicle Numbers
Year
Notes
408
2002
409-410
2003
411-412
2006
Future
Rock Region Metro is involved in the long-range transportation planning process for the Little Rock metropolitan area known as MOVE Central Arkansas. Future expansion recommendations include more frequent service, expanded coverage area, service to outlying areas, Sunday service on all routes, and placement of facilities at more bus stops.
There are expansion studies for the Metro Streetcar to provide more service in North Little Rock and Little Rock. Recommendations include service to the Arkansas State Capitol, Clinton National Airport, and Main Street extensions in both downtown Little Rock and North Little Rock's Mid-City neighborhood.
Fixed route ridership
The ridership statistics shown here are of fixed route services only and do not include demand response services.
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
2019
2022
See also
List of bus transit systems in the United States
Little Rock Union Station
External links
Arkansas portal
Official Site
System Map
Downtown Map & Bus Service Info
References
^ Interlocal Agreement Chartering The Central Arkansas Transit Authority
^ a b "Rock Region Metro 2022 Agency Profile" (PDF). Retrieved April 24, 2024.
^ A Call for Regional Leadership: Public Transit in Central Arkansas
^ "Ordinance 06-11" (PDF). cammackvillage.org. City of Cammack Village, Arkansas. 2006-12-12. Retrieved 2016-01-15.
^ "Central Arkansas Transit Becomes Rock Region Metro". Central Arkansas Transit Authority/Rock Region Metro. August 11, 2015. Archived from the original on October 26, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ River Rail Economic Enhancement Study
^ https://rrmetro.org/services/metro-connect/
^ https://rrmetro.org/metro-connect-conway-public-microtransit-service-launches-oct-24/
^ "The National Transit Database (NTD)". Retrieved April 24, 2024.
http://www.cat.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/METRO-2030.2.pdf
Patty, William Jordan. "Little Rock public transit in postwar America, 1950-1972" (2003)
vtePublic transit in ArkansasStatewide
Amtrak
Texas Eagle
Flixbus
Greyhound Lines
Jefferson Lines
List of intercity bus stops in Arkansas
North
Eureka Springs Transit
Fort Smith Transit
Jonesboro Economical Transit
Memphis Area Transit Authority
Ozark Regional Transit
Razorback Transit
South
Hot Springs Intracity Transit
Pine Bluff Transit
Rock Region Metro
Metro Streetcar
Texarkana Urban Transit District
Transportation in Arkansas | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"public transportation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportation"},{"link_name":"Pulaski County, Arkansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"paratransit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransit"},{"link_name":"Metro Streetcar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Streetcar"}],"text":"Rock Region Metropolitan Transit Authority (also known as Rock Region Metro, stylized as Rock Region METRO), is the largest transit agency in Arkansas. It was formerly known as the Central Arkansas Transit Authority. Rock Region Metro provides public transportation services within Pulaski County, Arkansas, seven days a week.The system has 25 bus routes, including four express commuter routes. A demand response ADA paratransit service, known as LINKS, operates alongside the fixed route hours and coverage area. 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Until 1950, the transit system was owned by Arkansas Power & Light (AP&L), the predecessor to Entergy Arkansas. In 1950, AP&L sold the transit system, then known as Capital Transportation Company (CTC), to a group of local investors. A strike by the transit union, Amalgamated Transit Union Division 704, in 1955-1956 left the company with a damaged reputation and exacerbated existing financial problems.The governments of Little Rock and North Little Rock awarded the franchise to a new company, Citizens' Coach Company (CCC), on February 28, 1956. Although the new company was backed by a group of local unions, the same financial problems that CTC encountered led to the demise of CCC by 1962. The declining passenger revenue and rising wages left few resources to maintain the bus fleet.Following the takeover of the transit system by Twin City Transit (TCT) on September 25, 1962, the federal government began offering funds to struggling transit systems through various assistance programs. 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On July 14, 1986, CATA was chartered when the government of Pulaski County and the city governments of Little Rock, North Little Rock, Cammack Village, Maumelle, Sherwood, and Jacksonville entered into an interlocal agreement that established CATA as a public corporation.[3] (Cammack Village eventually ceased participation in CATA, eliminating funds beginning with its 2006 budget.[4]) On August 12, 2015, the Central Arkansas Transit Authority was officially rebranded as Rock Region Metro.[5]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Bus Routes"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:River_Rail_streetcars.jpg"},{"link_name":"Historic Arkansas Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_Arkansas_Museum"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Two River Rail streetcars pause at the Historic Arkansas Museum stop in June 2005Metro Streetcar began operation in November 2004, as the River Rail Streetcar. (It was given its current name in 2015.) Operating 3.4 miles of track in Little Rock and across the Arkansas River in North Little Rock, the streetcar system caters to visitors, tourists, and local downtown residents. CATA conducted its River Rail Economic Enhancement Study[6] in late 2012, noting resulting improvements in four areas: significant capital investment along the streetcar line, increased sales and property tax revenue, increased population of downtown neighborhood residents, and increased visitor volume and tourism for the streetcar and local attractions..","title":"Streetcars"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Target","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_Corporation"}],"text":"River Cities Travel Center (RCTC) opened on August 28, 2000, to serve as the main transfer hub in downtown Little Rock. As of January 2016, a total of 22 fixed routes and all four express routes serve RCTC, which doubles as the agency's primary sales and information office for riders. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell | James Boswell | ["1 Early life","2 To London and Europe","3 Mature life","3.1 Earl of Dumfries","3.2 Later life","4 Life of Samuel Johnson","5 Position on slavery","6 Discovery and publication of Boswell's private papers","7 Freemasonry","8 In fiction and popular culture","9 Major works","10 Published journals","11 References","12 Further reading","13 External links"] | 18th-century Scottish lawyer, diarist, and author
This article is about the 18th-century writer. For other persons of the same name, see James Boswell (disambiguation).
James Boswell of AuchinleckPortrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1785Born(1740-10-29)29 October 1740 (N.S.)Edinburgh, Scotland, Kingdom of Great BritainDied19 May 1795(1795-05-19) (aged 54)London, EnglandOccupationLawyer, diarist, biographerAlma mater
University of Edinburgh
University of Glasgow
Utrecht University
Notable worksLife of JohnsonSpouse
Margaret Montgomerie
(m. 1769; died 1789)Children
Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet
James Boswell
Veronica Boswell
Euphemia Boswell
Elizabeth Boswell
Charles Boswell (extramarital)
Sally (extramarital)
James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck (/ˈbɒzwɛl, -wəl/; 29 October 1740 (N.S.) – 19 May 1795), was a Scottish biographer, diarist, and lawyer, born in Edinburgh. He is best known for his biography of the English writer Samuel Johnson, Life of Samuel Johnson, which is commonly said to be the greatest biography written in the English language. A great mass of Boswell's diaries, letters, and private papers were recovered from the 1920s to the 1950s, and their ongoing publication by Yale University has transformed his reputation.
Early life
Boswell was born in Blair's Land on the east side of Parliament Close behind St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh on 29 October 1740 (N.S.). He was the eldest son of a judge, Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck, and his wife Euphemia Erskine. As the eldest son, he was heir to his family's estate of Auchinleck in Ayrshire. Boswell's mother was a strict Calvinist, and he felt that his father was cold to him. As a child, he was delicate. Kay Jamison, Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins, in her book Touched with Fire, believes that Boswell may have suffered from bipolar disorder, and this condition would afflict him sporadically all through his life. At the age of five, he was sent to James Mundell's academy, an advanced institution by the standards of the time, where he was instructed in English, Latin, writing and arithmetic.
The eight-year-old Boswell was unhappy there, and suffered from nightmares and extreme shyness. Consequently, he was removed from the academy and educated by a string of private tutors. The most notable and supportive of these, John Dunn, exposed Boswell to modern literature, such as The Spectator essays, and religion. Dunn was also present during Boswell's serious affliction of 1752, when he was confined to the town of Moffat in northern Dumfriesshire. This afforded Boswell his first experience of genuine society. His recovery was rapid and complete, and Boswell may have decided that travel and entertainment exerted a calming therapeutic effect on him.
Boswell's Edinburgh. In his journals he often mentions using the "Back Stairs" behind Parliament Close. His birthplace was the family's town house on the east side of the close, just around the corner at the top of the steps.
At thirteen, Boswell was enrolled into the arts course at the University of Edinburgh, studying there from 1753 to 1758. Midway through his studies, he suffered an episode of serious depression but recovered fully. Boswell had swarthy skin, black hair and dark eyes; he was of average height, and he tended to plumpness. His appearance was said to be alert and masculine.
Upon turning nineteen, he was sent to continue his studies at the University of Glasgow, where he attended the lectures of Adam Smith. While at Glasgow, Boswell decided to convert to Catholicism and become a monk. Upon learning of this, his father ordered him home. Instead of obeying, though, Boswell ran away to London, where he spent three months, living the life of a libertine, before he was taken back to Scotland by his father. Upon returning, he was re-enrolled at Edinburgh University and forced by his father to sign away most of his inheritance in return for an allowance of £100 a year.
To London and Europe
On 30 July 1762, Boswell passed his oral law exam, after which his father decided to raise his allowance to £200 a year and permitted him to return to London. Boswell had started keeping a careful journal, written in full, and the volume covering this period was published in 1950 as the London Journal. On 16 May 1763, Boswell met Johnson for the first time. The pair became friends almost immediately, though Johnson became more of a parental figure in Boswell's eyes.
In Boswell's Life of Johnson, he records the first conversational exchange between himself and Johnson as follows:
"Mr Johnson, I do indeed come from Scotland, but I cannot help it."
"That, Sir, I find, is what a very great many of your countrymen cannot help."
On 6 August, Boswell departed England for Europe, with the initial goal of continuing his law studies at Utrecht University. He spent a year there and although desperately unhappy the first few months, eventually quite enjoyed his time in Utrecht. He mixed with prominent families, and pursued his studies industriously. Boswell admired the young widow Geelvinck who refused to marry him. He befriended and fell in love with Isabelle de Charrière, also known as Belle van Zuylen, a vivacious young Dutchwoman of unorthodox opinions, his social and intellectual superior.
On 18 June 1764, Boswell set out from Utrecht by coach, and spent most of the next two years travelling around the continent, his Grand Tour. He travelled through Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Corsica and France. He arranged to meet European intellectuals Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire with a recommendation letter of Constant d'Hermenches, and made a pilgrimage to Rome, where his portrait was painted by George Willison. Boswell also travelled to Corsica and spent seven weeks there, meeting the Corsican resistance leader Pasquale Paoli, and sending reports to London newspapers. His diaries and correspondence of this time have been compiled into two books, Boswell in Holland and Boswell on the Grand Tour.
Mature life
James Boswell by George Willison in Rome in 1765. Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh
Boswell returned to London in February 1766 accompanied by Rousseau's mistress Thérèse Levasseur, with whom he had a brief affair on the journey home. After spending a few weeks in the capital, he returned to Scotland, buying (or perhaps renting) the former house of David Hume on James Court on the Lawnmarket. He studied for his final law exam at Edinburgh University. He passed the exam and became an advocate. He practised the law in Edinburgh for over a decade, and most years spent his annual break in London, mingling with Johnson and many other London-based writers, editors, and printers, and furthering his literary ambitions. He contributed a great many items to newspapers and magazines, in London and Edinburgh. He found enjoyment in playing the intellectual rhyming game crambo with his peers.
In 1768 he published An account of Corsica, the journal of a tour to that island, and memoirs of Pascal Paoli. The book contained both a history and description of Corsica, as well as an account of his visit. Boswell was a major supporter of the Corsican Republic. Following the island's invasion by France in 1768, Boswell attempted to raise public awareness and rally support for the Corsicans. He sent arms and money to the Corsican fighters, who were ultimately defeated at the Battle of Ponte Novu in 1769. Boswell attended the masquerade held at the Shakespeare Jubilee in Stratford-upon-Avon in September 1769 dressed as a Corsican Chief. He was also, much to the chagrin of his friend Johnson, a strong defender of the American Revolution.
Some of his journal entries and letters from this period describe his amatory exploits. Thus, in 1767, in a letter to William Johnson Temple, he wrote, "I got myself quite intoxicated, went to a Bawdy-house and past a whole night in the arms of a Whore. She indeed was a fine strong spirited Girl, a Whore worthy of Boswell if Boswell must have a whore." A few years earlier, he wrote that during a night with an actress named Louisa, "five times was I fairly lost in supreme rapture. Louisa was madly fond of me; she declared I was a prodigy and asked me if this was not extraordinary for human nature." Though he sometimes used a condom for protection, he contracted venereal disease at least seventeen times.
Boswell married his cousin, Margaret Montgomerie, on 25 November 1769. She remained faithful to Boswell, despite his frequent liaisons with prostitutes, until her death from tuberculosis in 1789. After his infidelities, he would deliver tearful apologies to her and beg her forgiveness, before again promising her, and himself, that he would reform. James and Margaret had four sons and three daughters. Two sons died in infancy; the other two were Alexander (1775–1822) and James (1778–1822). Their daughters were Veronica (1773–1795), Euphemia (1774 – c. 1834) and Elizabeth, known as 'Betsy', (1780–1814). Boswell also had at least two extramarital children, Charles (1762–1764) and Sally (1767 – c. 1768).
A commemorative plaque to Boswell at his former home at James Court, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh
Despite his relative literary success with accounts of his European travels, Boswell was only a moderately successful advocate, with the exception of the copyright infringement case of Donaldson v Beckett, where Boswell represented the Scottish bookseller Alexander Donaldson. By the late 1770s, Boswell descended further and further into alcoholism and gambling addiction. Throughout his life, from childhood until death, he was beset by severe swings of mood. His depressions frequently encouraged and were exacerbated by his various vices. His happier periods usually saw him relatively vice-free. His character mixed a superficial Enlightenment sensibility for reason and taste with a genuine and somewhat romantic love of the sublime and a propensity for occasionally puerile whimsy. The latter, along with his tendency for drink and other vices, caused many contemporaries and later observers to regard him as being too lightweight to be an equal in the literary crowd that he wanted to be a part of. However, his humour and innocent good nature won him many lifelong friends.
In 1773 Boswell bought the house of David Hume (who moved to a new house on South St David Street/St Andrew Square) on the south east corner of James Court. He lived there until 1786. Boswell's residency at James Court has been well established, but not the exact location. For example, a later edition of Traditions of Edinburgh by Robert Chambers suggests that Boswell's residence at James Court was actually in the Western wing. His James Court flat was notable for having two levels, and although a modern renovation in the Eastern section reveals such a possibility, it is likely that Boswell's residence was a similarly equipped one in the Western section that no longer exists, having burned down in the mid 1800s.
Earl of Dumfries
Boswell became quite friendly with the 6th Earl of Dumfries, as well as seeing him in Scotland he also visited him in Rosemount, London in 1787 and 1788.
In Boswell's of November 2, 1778 journal he writes, " was exceedingly attentive to me I was upon my guard, as I well knew that he and his Countess flattered themselves that they would get from me that road through our estate which my father had refused, and which in truth I was still more positive for refusing". He saw the Earl as “very attentive”.
Having hosted the Earl, Boswell and his wife also decide to visit Dumfries House "ur visit was a little awkward, as there had been no communication between the families for several of the last years of my father's life I, however, wished to live on civil terms with such near neighbours".
On October 27, 1782, Boswell writes, "we looked at Lord Dumfries's gate and the famous road. I showed him that granting it would make the Auchinleck improvements appear part of the Earl of Dumfries's domains. If Lord Eglinton – if my Earl – were Earl of Dumfries and living at Dumfries House, he should have the road, but not to him and his heirs."
Later life
Boswell was a frequent guest of Lord Monboddo at Monboddo House, a setting where he gathered significant observations for his writings by association with Samuel Johnson, Lord Kames and other notable attendees.
After Johnson's death in 1784, Boswell moved to London to try his luck at the English Bar, which proved even less successful than his career in Scotland. In 1792 Boswell lobbied the Home Secretary to help gain royal pardons for four Botany Bay escapees, including Mary Bryant. He also offered to stand for Parliament but failed to get the necessary support, and he spent the final years of his life writing his Life of Samuel Johnson.
During this time his health began to fail due to venereal disease and his years of drinking. Boswell died in London in 1795. Close to the end of his life he became strongly convinced that the "Shakespeare papers", including two previously unknown plays Vortigern and Rowena and Henry II, allegedly discovered by William Henry Ireland, were genuine. After Boswell's death they proved to be forgeries created by Ireland himself. Boswell's remains were interred in the crypt of the Boswell family mausoleum in what is now the old Auchinleck Kirkyard in Ayrshire. The mausoleum is attached to the old Auchinleck kirk.
Life of Samuel Johnson
Main article: Life of Samuel Johnson
A literary party at Sir Joshua Reynolds' – 1781. The painting shows the friends of Reynolds including Boswell at left.
When the Life of Samuel Johnson was published in 1791, its style was unique in that, unlike other biographies of that era, it directly incorporated conversations that Boswell had noted down at the time for his journals. He also included more personal and human details than those to which contemporary readers were accustomed. Instead of writing a strictly fact-based record of Johnson's public life in the style of the time, he painted a more personal and intimate portrait of the man than was normal in biographies of the day.
Macaulay and Carlyle, among others, have attempted to explain how a man such as Boswell could have produced a work as detailed as the Life of Johnson. The former argued that Boswell's uninhibited folly and candour were his greatest qualifications; the latter replied that beneath such traits was a mind to discern excellence and a heart to appreciate it, aided by the power of accurate observation and considerable dramatic ability.
Position on slavery
Boswell was present at the meeting of the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade in May 1787 set up to persuade William Wilberforce to lead the abolition movement in Parliament. However, the abolitionist Thomas Clarkson records that by 1788 Boswell "after having supported the cause ... became inimical to it".
Boswell's most prominent display of support for slavery was his 1791 poem "No Abolition of Slavery; or the Universal Empire of Love", which lampooned Clarkson, Wilberforce and Pitt. The poem also supports the common suggestion of the pro-slavery movement, that the slaves actually enjoyed their lot: "The cheerful gang! – the negroes see / Perform the task of industry."
Discovery and publication of Boswell's private papers
In the 1920s a great part of Boswell's private papers, including intimate journals for much of his life, were discovered at Malahide Castle, north of Dublin. These provide a hugely revealing insight into the life and thoughts of the man. They were sold to the American collector Ralph H. Isham and have since passed to Yale University, which has published popular and scholarly editions of his journals and correspondence, mostly edited by Frederick A. Pottle. A second cache was discovered soon after and also purchased by Isham. A substantially longer edition of The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides was published in 1936 based on his original manuscript, edited by L. F. Powell. His London Journal 1762–63, the first of the Yale journal publications, appeared in 1950. The last popular edition, The Great Biographer, 1789–1795, was published in 1989. Publication of the research edition of Boswell's journals and letters, each including never before published material, was ceased by Yale University in June 2021, prior to the completion of the project.
These detailed and frank journals include voluminous notes on the Grand Tour of Europe that he took as a young man and, subsequently, of his tour of Scotland with Johnson. His journals also record meetings and conversations with eminent individuals belonging to The Club, including Lord Monboddo, David Garrick, Edmund Burke, Joshua Reynolds and Oliver Goldsmith.
It is since the discovery of these journals that Boswell has become recognized as a major literary artist. In his openness to every nuance of feeling, his delicacy in capturing fugitive sentiments and revealing gestures, his comic self-regard and (at times) self-contempt, Boswell was willing to express what other authors of the time repressed.
Freemasonry
Boswell was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning on 14 August 1759. He subsequently became Master of that Lodge in 1773 and in that year was Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. From 1776 to 1777 he was the Depute Grand Master of that Grand Lodge.
In fiction and popular culture
Boswell's surname has passed into the English language as a term (Boswell, Boswellian, Boswellism) for a constant companion and observer, especially one who records those observations in print. In "A Scandal in Bohemia", Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's character Sherlock Holmes affectionately says of Dr. Watson, who narrates the tales, "I am lost without my Boswell."
The comedy Young Auchinleck (1962) by Scottish playwright Robert McLellan depicts Boswell's various courtships and troubled relations with his father in the period after his return to Scotland in 1766, culminating in his eventual marriage to his cousin Margaret Montgomery (Peggy) in 1769 on the same day as his father's second marriage in a different part of the country. The play was first produced at the Edinburgh International Festival in 1962 and adapted for BBC Television in 1965.
In 1981 the cartoonist R. Crumb published the piece "Boswell's London Journal" in the anthology magazine Weirdo. Presented as a "Klassic Komic," the piece featured meticulous cross-hatched illustrations and excerpts from Boswell's writing to tell a satirical story of the young Boswell attempting to establish himself in London society, dallying with prostitutes and suffering from venereal disease.
Boswell was played by John Sessions in Boswell & Johnson's Tour of the Western Isles, a 1993 BBC 2 play.
In February and March 2015, BBC Radio 4 broadcast three episodes of "Boswell's Lives", writer Jon Canter's comedic take on Boswell meeting later historical figures (Sigmund Freud, Maria Callas and Harold Pinter, respectively) for the purposes of biographing them. Boswell was played by Miles Jupp.
American novelist Philip Baruth wrote a fictional account of James Boswell's early life in The Brothers Boswell (Soho Press 2009). The novel, which includes scenes that feature Samuel Johnson, is a thriller that focuses on the tense relationship between James and his younger brother John. Boswell also features as a character in James Robertson's novel, Joseph Knight (2003).
Major works
The Cub at Newmarket (1762, published by James Dodsley)
Letters Between the Honourable Andrew Erskine, and James Boswell, Esq. (1763)
Dorando, a Spanish Tale (1767, anonymously)
Account of Corsica, The Journal of a Tour to That Island, and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli (1768) Account of Corsica, 1768
"The Rampager" (1770–82, a series of 20 essays published sporadically in the Public Advertiser)
The Hypochondriack (1777–83, a series of 70 essays published monthly in the London Magazine)
The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D (1785)
The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D 2 vols. (1791, reprinted in Everyman's Library)
No Abolition of Slavery (1791) (poem)
Published journals
After Boswell's private papers were recovered, and brought together by Ralph Isham, they were acquired by Yale University, where a dedicated office was established to edit and publish his journals and correspondence. The journals have been published in 13 volumes, as follows.
Boswell's London Journal, 1762–1763, ed. F. A. Pottle (1950)
Boswell in Holland, 1763–1764, including his correspondence with Belle de Zuylen (Zelide), ed. F. A. Pottle (1952)
Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 1764, ed. F. A. Pottle (1953)
Boswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 1765–1766, ed. Frank Brady and F. A. Pottle (1955)
Boswell in Search of a Wife, 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and F. A. Pottle (1957)
Boswell for the Defence, 1769–1774, ed. W. A. Wimsatt and F. A. Pottle (1960)
Boswell: the Ominous Years, 1774–1776, ed. Charles Ryskamp and F. A. Pottle (1963)
Boswell in Extremes, 1776–1778, ed. C. McC. Weis and F. A. Pottle (1970)
Boswell, Laird of Auchinleck, 1778–1782, ed. J. W. Reed and F. A. Pottle (1977)
Boswell: The Applause of the Jury, 1782–1785, ed. I. S. Lustig and F. A. Pottle (1981)
Boswell: The English Experiment, 1785–1789, ed. I. S. Lustig and F. A. Pottle (1986)
Boswell: The Great Biographer, 1789–1795, ed. Marlies K. Danziger and Frank Brady (1989)
References
Notes
^ a b c Here "N.S." (New Style) means the date is given in the Gregorian calendar, for consistency with the remainder of the article, even though Scotland used the Julian calendar until 1752.
^ Root, Douglas (2014). "Two 'Most Un-Clubbable Men': Samuel Johnson, Benjamin Franklin, and Their Social Circles". In Baird, Ileana (ed.). Social Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century: Clubs, Literary Salons, Textual Coteries. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. p. 256. ISBN 978-1443866781. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
^ Rollyson, Carl, ed. (2005). British Biography: A Reader. New York: iUniverse. p. 77. ISBN 0595364098. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
^ Kay Redfield Jamison. Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament. Free Press,1996. ISBN 978-0684831831
^ Price, Martin, 1920–2010 (1973). The restoration and the eighteenth century. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 498. ISBN 0-19-501614-9. OCLC 2341106.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ James Boswell Life of Samuel Johnson, Everyman ed, p247
^ Correspondence of James Boswell and William Johnson Temple, Edinburgh 1997, page 140 footnote 4
^ Grant's Old and New Edinburgh vol. 1, p. 97
^ Tankard, Paul (2014). Facts and Inventions: Selections from the Journalism of James Boswell. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. xxiv. ISBN 978-0-300-14126-9.
^ Pierce pp. 9–10
^ Zachary Brown,"'A High Tory and an American upon my own Principles': James Boswell, the American Revolution, and Royalist Constitutionalism, 1775–1783."Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (2022). Online
^ Boswell, James; Temple, William Johnston (1997). Boswell Correspondence, letter of 26 June 1767. ISBN 9780748607587. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
^ MacCubbin, Robert Purks (1987). Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized Sexuality during the Enlightenment by R. P. Macubbin, page 64. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521347686. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
^ Spacks, Patricia Meyer (June 2003). Privacy: concealing the eighteenth-century self by P Spacks page 141. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226768601. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
^ Greaves, Richard L. (2002). Glimpses of Glory by R. L Greaves page 381. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804745307. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
^ "Boswell, Margaret Montgomerie (1738?–1789), wife of James Boswell". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65003. Retrieved 16 March 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Williamson's Edinburgh Street Directory 1773
^ Edinburgh and District: Ward Lock Travel Guide 1930
^ Plaque to Boswell on James Court
^ Pierce pp. 92–93
^ "A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature by John W. Cousin – Full Text Free Book (Part 2/13)". Fullbooks.com. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
^ Clarkson, Thomas (1836). The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-trade, by the British Parliament. Vol. 1. John S. Taylor. p. 194.
^ Price, Martin, 1920–2010 (1973). The restoration and the eighteenth century. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-501614-9. OCLC 2341106.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ History of Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2. Compiled from the Records, 1677–1888. p. 238. By Allan MacKenzie. Edinburgh. Published 1888.
^ "Famous Freemasons". Lodge St. Patrick No.468 Irish Constitution in New Zealand. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
^ Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur (18 April 2011). "A Scandal in Bohemia". The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
^ Crumb, Robert. "A Klassic Komic: Excerpts from Boswell's London Journal 1762-1763," Weirdo #3 (Fall 1981).
^ "Broadcast - BBC Programme Index". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. 27 October 1993.
^ "BBC Radio 4 – Boswell's Lives, Series 1 – Episode guide". BBC.
^ Robertson, James (2004), Joseph Knight, Fourth Estate, ISBN 9780007150250
^ BOSWELL, JAMES. (2018). CUB, AT NEWMARKET : a tale. : GALE ECCO, PRINT EDITIONS. ISBN 978-1-379-83122-8. OCLC 1035466633.
^ Boswell, James, 1740–1795 (10 June 2014). Facts and inventions : selections from the journalism of James Boswell. Tankard, Paul. New Haven. pp. 108–221. ISBN 9780300141269. OCLC 861676836.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Sources
Pierce, Patricia. The Great Shakespeare Fraud: The Strange, True Story of William-Henry Ireland. Sutton Publishing, 2005.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cousin, John William (1910). "Boswell, James". A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via Wikisource.
Further reading
Boswell, James. Boswell's Book of Bad Verse (A Verse Self-Portrait) or 'Love Poems and Other Verses by James Boswell'. Edited with Notes by Jack Werner. London. White Lion, 1974. ISBN 0-85617-487-4.
Boswell, James. Boswell's Column. Being his Seventy Contributions to The London Magazine under the pseudonym The Hypochondriack from 1777 to 1783 here First Printed in Book Form in England. Introduction and Notes by Margery Bailey. London. William Kimber, 1951.
Boswell, James. Facts and Inventions: Selections from the Journalism of James Boswell. Edited by Paul Tankard. New Haven. Yale University Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-300-14126-9
Boswell, James. The Journal of a Tour to Corsica; and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli. Edited, with an Introduction, by Morchard Bishop. London. Williams & Norgate, 1951.
Boswell, James. Letters of James Boswell to the Rev. W. J. Temple. Introduction by Thomas Seccombe. London. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1908.
Brady, Frank. Boswell's Political Career. Yale University Press, 1965.
William C. Dowling. The Boswellian Hero. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1979. ISBN 0-8203-0461-1.
Finlayson, Iain. The Moth and the Candle. A Life of James Boswell. London. Constable, 1984. ISBN 0-09-465540-5.
Maurice Lévy : James Boswell. Un libertin mélancolique, Grenoble, éd. Ellug, 2001, 412 pages.
McLaren, Moray: The Highland Jaunt. A Study of James Boswell and Samuel Johnson upon their Highland and Hebridean Tour of 1773. London. Jarrolds, 1954.
Mallory, George. Boswell the Biographer. London. Smith, Elder, 1912.
Martin, Peter. "A Life of James Boswell". London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999.
Pottle, Frederick A. Boswell and the Girl from Botany Bay. London. Heinemann, 1938.
Tinker, Chauncey g Brewster. Young Boswell. Chapters on James Boswell the Biographer Based Largely on New Material. Boston. Atlantic Monthly, 1922.
Uglow, Jenny, "Big Talkers" (review of Leo Damrosch, The Club: Johnson, Boswell, and the Friends Who Shaped an Age, Yale University Press, 473 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVI, no. 9 (23 May 2019), pp. 26–28.
Wyndham Lewis, D.B. The Hooded Hawk or The Case of Mr. Boswell. London. Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1946.
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to James Boswell.
Wikisource has original works by or about:James Boswell
"Boswell, James" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. IV (9th ed.). 1878. pp. 77–79.
James Boswell at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
Works by James Boswell at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about James Boswell at Internet Archive
Works by James Boswell at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Essay on Johnson, Boswell and the Abolition of Slavery
Blog on Boswell's London Journal
Online catalogue (in progress) of James Boswell's library at LibraryThing
James Boswell – a Guide
James Boswell's "An Account of Corsica" – Full text and illustrations
Young Boswell, by Chauncey Brewster Tinker, Boston: Atlantic monthly press, 1922, University of Michigan Library (Digital Collection)
Boswell Book Festival celebrates the art of biography and memoir at Boswell's home, Auchinleck House, in Ayrshire, Scotland
"Archival material relating to James Boswell". UK National Archives.
Portraits of James Boswell at the National Portrait Gallery, London
Portraits of James Boswell and Dr. Johnson at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery
Boswell Collection--Scope and Contents. Archives at Yale: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
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IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"James Boswell (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"/ˈbɒzwɛl, -wəl/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"N.S.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Style"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cal-1"},{"link_name":"Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biography"},{"link_name":"Samuel Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Life of Samuel Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Samuel_Johnson"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Yale University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University"}],"text":"This article is about the 18th-century writer. For other persons of the same name, see James Boswell (disambiguation).James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck (/ˈbɒzwɛl, -wəl/; 29 October 1740 (N.S.)[1] – 19 May 1795), was a Scottish biographer, diarist, and lawyer, born in Edinburgh. He is best known for his biography of the English writer Samuel Johnson, Life of Samuel Johnson, which is commonly said to be the greatest biography written in the English language.[2][3] A great mass of Boswell's diaries, letters, and private papers were recovered from the 1920s to the 1950s, and their ongoing publication by Yale University has transformed his reputation.","title":"James Boswell"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Blair's Land","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blair%27s_Land&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Parliament Close","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliament_Close&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"St Giles' Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral"},{"link_name":"N.S.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Style"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cal-1"},{"link_name":"Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Boswell,_Lord_Auchinleck"},{"link_name":"Auchinleck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auchinleck"},{"link_name":"Ayrshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrshire"},{"link_name":"Calvinist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinist"},{"link_name":"Kay Jamison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Jamison"},{"link_name":"bipolar disorder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"James Mundell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mundell"},{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin"},{"link_name":"The Spectator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spectator_(1711)"},{"link_name":"Moffat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moffat"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parliament_House_from_the_Cowgate.JPG"},{"link_name":"University of Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"University of Glasgow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Glasgow"},{"link_name":"Adam Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith"},{"link_name":"monk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monk"},{"link_name":"libertine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertine"}],"text":"Boswell was born in Blair's Land on the east side of Parliament Close behind St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh on 29 October 1740 (N.S.).[1] He was the eldest son of a judge, Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck, and his wife Euphemia Erskine. As the eldest son, he was heir to his family's estate of Auchinleck in Ayrshire. Boswell's mother was a strict Calvinist, and he felt that his father was cold to him. As a child, he was delicate. Kay Jamison, Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins, in her book Touched with Fire, believes that Boswell may have suffered from bipolar disorder,[4] and this condition would afflict him sporadically all through his life. At the age of five, he was sent to James Mundell's academy, an advanced institution by the standards of the time, where he was instructed in English, Latin, writing and arithmetic.The eight-year-old Boswell was unhappy there, and suffered from nightmares and extreme shyness. Consequently, he was removed from the academy and educated by a string of private tutors. The most notable and supportive of these, John Dunn, exposed Boswell to modern literature, such as The Spectator essays, and religion. Dunn was also present during Boswell's serious affliction of 1752, when he was confined to the town of Moffat in northern Dumfriesshire. This afforded Boswell his first experience of genuine society. His recovery was rapid and complete, and Boswell may have decided that travel and entertainment exerted a calming therapeutic effect on him.Boswell's Edinburgh. In his journals he often mentions using the \"Back Stairs\" behind Parliament Close. His birthplace was the family's town house on the east side of the close, just around the corner at the top of the steps.At thirteen, Boswell was enrolled into the arts course at the University of Edinburgh, studying there from 1753 to 1758. Midway through his studies, he suffered an episode of serious depression but recovered fully. Boswell had swarthy skin, black hair and dark eyes; he was of average height, and he tended to plumpness. His appearance was said to be alert and masculine.Upon turning nineteen, he was sent to continue his studies at the University of Glasgow, where he attended the lectures of Adam Smith. While at Glasgow, Boswell decided to convert to Catholicism and become a monk. Upon learning of this, his father ordered him home. Instead of obeying, though, Boswell ran away to London, where he spent three months, living the life of a libertine, before he was taken back to Scotland by his father. Upon returning, he was re-enrolled at Edinburgh University and forced by his father to sign away most of his inheritance in return for an allowance of £100 a year.","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"London Journal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Journal"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Utrecht University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht_University"},{"link_name":"Geelvinck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelvinck"},{"link_name":"Isabelle de Charrière","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_de_Charri%C3%A8re"},{"link_name":"Grand Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Tour"},{"link_name":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau"},{"link_name":"Voltaire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire"},{"link_name":"recommendation letter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommendation_letter"},{"link_name":"Constant d'Hermenches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David-Louis_Constant_de_Rebecque"},{"link_name":"George Willison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Willison_(artist)"},{"link_name":"Corsica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsica"},{"link_name":"Pasquale Paoli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasquale_Paoli"}],"text":"On 30 July 1762, Boswell passed his oral law exam, after which his father decided to raise his allowance to £200 a year and permitted him to return to London. Boswell had started keeping a careful journal, written in full, and the volume covering this period was published in 1950 as the London Journal. On 16 May 1763, Boswell met Johnson for the first time. The pair became friends almost immediately, though Johnson became more of a parental figure in Boswell's eyes.[5]In Boswell's Life of Johnson, he records the first conversational exchange between himself and Johnson as follows:[Boswell:] \"Mr Johnson, I do indeed come from Scotland, but I cannot help it.\"\n[Johnson:] \"That, Sir, I find, is what a very great many of your countrymen cannot help.\"[6]On 6 August, Boswell departed England for Europe, with the initial goal of continuing his law studies at Utrecht University. He spent a year there and although desperately unhappy the first few months, eventually quite enjoyed his time in Utrecht. He mixed with prominent families, and pursued his studies industriously. Boswell admired the young widow Geelvinck who refused to marry him. He befriended and fell in love with Isabelle de Charrière, also known as Belle van Zuylen, a vivacious young Dutchwoman of unorthodox opinions, his social and intellectual superior.On 18 June 1764, Boswell set out from Utrecht by coach, and spent most of the next two years travelling around the continent, his Grand Tour. He travelled through Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Corsica and France. He arranged to meet European intellectuals Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire with a recommendation letter of Constant d'Hermenches, and made a pilgrimage to Rome, where his portrait was painted by George Willison. Boswell also travelled to Corsica and spent seven weeks there, meeting the Corsican resistance leader Pasquale Paoli, and sending reports to London newspapers. His diaries and correspondence of this time have been compiled into two books, Boswell in Holland and Boswell on the Grand Tour.","title":"To London and Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Willison_-_James_Boswell,_1740_-_1795._Diarist_and_biographer_of_Dr_Samuel_Johnson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg"},{"link_name":"George Willison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Willison_(artist)"},{"link_name":"Rome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome"},{"link_name":"Scottish National Gallery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery"},{"link_name":"Thérèse Levasseur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Levasseur"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"David Hume","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume"},{"link_name":"Lawnmarket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawnmarket"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Edinburgh University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_University"},{"link_name":"advocate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advocate"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"crambo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crambo"},{"link_name":"Corsican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_Republic"},{"link_name":"invasion by France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_conquest_of_Corsica"},{"link_name":"Battle of Ponte Novu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ponte_Novu"},{"link_name":"masquerade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masquerade_ball"},{"link_name":"Shakespeare Jubilee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare_Jubilee"},{"link_name":"Stratford-upon-Avon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"William Johnson Temple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Johnson_Temple"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Margaret Montgomerie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Montgomerie"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"tuberculosis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis"},{"link_name":"Alexander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Boswell,_1st_Baronet"},{"link_name":"James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell_(1778%E2%80%931822)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JamesBoswellPlaque.png"},{"link_name":"Lawnmarket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Mile#Lawnmarket"},{"link_name":"copyright infringement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement"},{"link_name":"Donaldson v Beckett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldson_v_Beckett"},{"link_name":"Alexander Donaldson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Donaldson_(bookseller)"},{"link_name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment"},{"link_name":"David Hume","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"James Boswell by George Willison in Rome in 1765. Scottish National Gallery, EdinburghBoswell returned to London in February 1766 accompanied by Rousseau's mistress Thérèse Levasseur, with whom he had a brief affair on the journey home.[7] After spending a few weeks in the capital, he returned to Scotland, buying (or perhaps renting) the former house of David Hume on James Court on the Lawnmarket.[8] He studied for his final law exam at Edinburgh University. He passed the exam and became an advocate. He practised the law in Edinburgh for over a decade, and most years spent his annual break in London, mingling with Johnson and many other London-based writers, editors, and printers, and furthering his literary ambitions. He contributed a great many items to newspapers and magazines, in London and Edinburgh.[9] He found enjoyment in playing the intellectual rhyming game crambo with his peers.In 1768 he published An account of Corsica, the journal of a tour to that island, and memoirs of Pascal Paoli. The book contained both a history and description of Corsica, as well as an account of his visit. Boswell was a major supporter of the Corsican Republic. Following the island's invasion by France in 1768, Boswell attempted to raise public awareness and rally support for the Corsicans. He sent arms and money to the Corsican fighters, who were ultimately defeated at the Battle of Ponte Novu in 1769. Boswell attended the masquerade held at the Shakespeare Jubilee in Stratford-upon-Avon in September 1769 dressed as a Corsican Chief.[10] He was also, much to the chagrin of his friend Johnson, a strong defender of the American Revolution.[11]Some of his journal entries and letters from this period describe his amatory exploits. Thus, in 1767, in a letter to William Johnson Temple, he wrote, \"I got myself quite intoxicated, went to a Bawdy-house and past a whole night in the arms of a Whore. She indeed was a fine strong spirited Girl, a Whore worthy of Boswell if Boswell must have a whore.\"[12] A few years earlier, he wrote that during a night with an actress named Louisa, \"five times was I fairly lost in supreme rapture. Louisa was madly fond of me; she declared I was a prodigy and asked me if this was not extraordinary for human nature.\"[13] Though he sometimes used a condom for protection,[14] he contracted venereal disease at least seventeen times.[15]Boswell married his cousin, Margaret Montgomerie, on 25 November 1769.[16] She remained faithful to Boswell, despite his frequent liaisons with prostitutes, until her death from tuberculosis in 1789. After his infidelities, he would deliver tearful apologies to her and beg her forgiveness, before again promising her, and himself, that he would reform. James and Margaret had four sons and three daughters. Two sons died in infancy; the other two were Alexander (1775–1822) and James (1778–1822). Their daughters were Veronica (1773–1795), Euphemia (1774 – c. 1834) and Elizabeth, known as 'Betsy', (1780–1814). Boswell also had at least two extramarital children, Charles (1762–1764) and Sally (1767 – c. 1768).A commemorative plaque to Boswell at his former home at James Court, Lawnmarket, EdinburghDespite his relative literary success with accounts of his European travels, Boswell was only a moderately successful advocate, with the exception of the copyright infringement case of Donaldson v Beckett, where Boswell represented the Scottish bookseller Alexander Donaldson. By the late 1770s, Boswell descended further and further into alcoholism and gambling addiction. Throughout his life, from childhood until death, he was beset by severe swings of mood. His depressions frequently encouraged and were exacerbated by his various vices. His happier periods usually saw him relatively vice-free. His character mixed a superficial Enlightenment sensibility for reason and taste with a genuine and somewhat romantic love of the sublime and a propensity for occasionally puerile whimsy. The latter, along with his tendency for drink and other vices, caused many contemporaries and later observers to regard him as being too lightweight to be an equal in the literary crowd that he wanted to be a part of. However, his humour and innocent good nature won him many lifelong friends.In 1773 Boswell bought the house of David Hume (who moved to a new house on South St David Street/St Andrew Square) on the south east corner of James Court.[17][18] He lived there until 1786.[19] Boswell's residency at James Court has been well established, but not the exact location. For example, a later edition of Traditions of Edinburgh by Robert Chambers suggests that Boswell's residence at James Court was actually in the Western wing. His James Court flat was notable for having two levels, and although a modern renovation in the Eastern section reveals such a possibility, it is likely that Boswell's residence was a similarly equipped one in the Western section that no longer exists, having burned down in the mid 1800s.","title":"Mature life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"6th Earl of Dumfries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_McDouall-Crichton,_6th_Earl_of_Dumfries"},{"link_name":"Dumfries House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumfries_House"}],"sub_title":"Earl of Dumfries","text":"Boswell became quite friendly with the 6th Earl of Dumfries, as well as seeing him in Scotland he also visited him in Rosemount, London in 1787 and 1788.\nIn Boswell's of November 2, 1778 journal he writes, \"[The Earl of Dumfries] was exceedingly attentive to me [...] I was upon my guard, as I well knew that he and his Countess flattered themselves that they would get from me that road through our estate which my father had refused, and which in truth I was still more positive for refusing\". He saw the Earl as “very attentive”.Having hosted the Earl, Boswell and his wife also decide to visit Dumfries House \"[o]ur visit was a little awkward, as there had been no communication between the families for several of the last years of my father's life [...] I, however, wished to live on civil terms with such near neighbours\".On October 27, 1782, Boswell writes, \"we looked at Lord Dumfries's gate and the famous road. [...] I showed him that granting it would make the Auchinleck improvements appear part of the Earl of Dumfries's domains. [...] If Lord Eglinton – if my Earl – were Earl of Dumfries and living at Dumfries House, he should have the road, but not to him and his heirs.\"","title":"Mature life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lord Monboddo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo"},{"link_name":"Monboddo House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monboddo_House"},{"link_name":"Samuel Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Lord Kames","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Home,_Lord_Kames"},{"link_name":"Bar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(law)"},{"link_name":"Botany Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany_Bay"},{"link_name":"Mary Bryant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Bryant"},{"link_name":"Life of Samuel Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Samuel_Johnson"},{"link_name":"venereal disease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venereal_disease"},{"link_name":"Shakespeare papers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_Shakespeare_forgeries"},{"link_name":"Vortigern and Rowena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortigern_and_Rowena"},{"link_name":"William Henry Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Ireland"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"crypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt"},{"link_name":"mausoleum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum"},{"link_name":"Auchinleck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auchinleck"},{"link_name":"Kirkyard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkyard"},{"link_name":"Ayrshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrshire"},{"link_name":"kirk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk"}],"sub_title":"Later life","text":"Boswell was a frequent guest of Lord Monboddo at Monboddo House, a setting where he gathered significant observations for his writings by association with Samuel Johnson, Lord Kames and other notable attendees.After Johnson's death in 1784, Boswell moved to London to try his luck at the English Bar, which proved even less successful than his career in Scotland. In 1792 Boswell lobbied the Home Secretary to help gain royal pardons for four Botany Bay escapees, including Mary Bryant. He also offered to stand for Parliament but failed to get the necessary support, and he spent the final years of his life writing his Life of Samuel Johnson.During this time his health began to fail due to venereal disease and his years of drinking. Boswell died in London in 1795. Close to the end of his life he became strongly convinced that the \"Shakespeare papers\", including two previously unknown plays Vortigern and Rowena and Henry II, allegedly discovered by William Henry Ireland, were genuine. After Boswell's death they proved to be forgeries created by Ireland himself.[20] Boswell's remains were interred in the crypt of the Boswell family mausoleum in what is now the old Auchinleck Kirkyard in Ayrshire. The mausoleum is attached to the old Auchinleck kirk.","title":"Mature life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sir Joshua Reynolds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Joshua_Reynolds"},{"link_name":"Life of Samuel Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Samuel_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Macaulay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay"},{"link_name":"Carlyle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"A literary party at Sir Joshua Reynolds' – 1781. The painting shows the friends of Reynolds including Boswell at left.When the Life of Samuel Johnson was published in 1791, its style was unique in that, unlike other biographies of that era, it directly incorporated conversations that Boswell had noted down at the time for his journals. He also included more personal and human details than those to which contemporary readers were accustomed. Instead of writing a strictly fact-based record of Johnson's public life in the style of the time, he painted a more personal and intimate portrait of the man than was normal in biographies of the day.Macaulay and Carlyle, among others, have attempted to explain how a man such as Boswell could have produced a work as detailed as the Life of Johnson. The former argued that Boswell's uninhibited folly and candour were his greatest qualifications; the latter replied that beneath such traits was a mind to discern excellence and a heart to appreciate it, aided by the power of accurate observation and considerable dramatic ability.[21]","title":"Life of Samuel Johnson"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Effecting_the_Abolition_of_the_Slave_Trade"},{"link_name":"William Wilberforce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wilberforce"},{"link_name":"Thomas Clarkson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Clarkson"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Pitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger"}],"text":"Boswell was present at the meeting of the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade in May 1787 set up to persuade William Wilberforce to lead the abolition movement in Parliament. However, the abolitionist Thomas Clarkson records that by 1788 Boswell \"after having supported the cause ... became inimical to it\".[22]\nBoswell's most prominent display of support for slavery was his 1791 poem \"No Abolition of Slavery; or the Universal Empire of Love\", which lampooned Clarkson, Wilberforce and Pitt. The poem also supports the common suggestion of the pro-slavery movement, that the slaves actually enjoyed their lot: \"The cheerful gang! – the negroes see / Perform the task of industry.\"","title":"Position on slavery"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Malahide Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malahide_Castle"},{"link_name":"Dublin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin"},{"link_name":"Yale University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University"},{"link_name":"Frederick A. Pottle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_A._Pottle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"L. F. Powell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._F._Powell"},{"link_name":"why?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Grand Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Tour"},{"link_name":"The Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Club_(dining_club)"},{"link_name":"Lord Monboddo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo"},{"link_name":"David Garrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Garrick"},{"link_name":"Edmund Burke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Burke"},{"link_name":"Joshua Reynolds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds"},{"link_name":"Oliver Goldsmith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Goldsmith"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"In the 1920s a great part of Boswell's private papers, including intimate journals for much of his life, were discovered at Malahide Castle, north of Dublin. These provide a hugely revealing insight into the life and thoughts of the man. They were sold to the American collector Ralph H. Isham and have since passed to Yale University, which has published popular and scholarly editions of his journals and correspondence, mostly edited by Frederick A. Pottle. A second cache was discovered soon after and also purchased by Isham. A substantially longer edition of The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides was published in 1936 based on his original manuscript, edited by L. F. Powell. His London Journal 1762–63, the first of the Yale journal publications, appeared in 1950. The last popular edition, The Great Biographer, 1789–1795, was published in 1989. Publication of the research edition of Boswell's journals and letters, each including never before published material, was ceased by Yale University in June 2021, prior to the completion of the project[why?].[citation needed]These detailed and frank journals include voluminous notes on the Grand Tour of Europe that he took as a young man and, subsequently, of his tour of Scotland with Johnson. His journals also record meetings and conversations with eminent individuals belonging to The Club, including Lord Monboddo, David Garrick, Edmund Burke, Joshua Reynolds and Oliver Goldsmith.It is since the discovery of these journals that Boswell has become recognized as a major literary artist. In his openness to every nuance of feeling, his delicacy in capturing fugitive sentiments and revealing gestures, his comic self-regard and (at times) self-contempt, Boswell was willing to express what other authors of the time repressed.[23]","title":"Discovery and publication of Boswell's private papers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"text":"Boswell was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning on 14 August 1759. He subsequently became Master of that Lodge in 1773 and in that year was Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. From 1776 to 1777 he was the Depute Grand Master of that Grand Lodge.[24][25]","title":"Freemasonry"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A Scandal in Bohemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemia"},{"link_name":"Sir Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle"},{"link_name":"Sherlock Holmes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes"},{"link_name":"Dr. Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Watson"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Robert McLellan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McLellan"},{"link_name":"Edinburgh International Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Festival"},{"link_name":"BBC Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Television"},{"link_name":"R. Crumb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Crumb"},{"link_name":"Weirdo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weirdo_(comics)"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"John Sessions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sessions"},{"link_name":"Boswell & Johnson's Tour of the Western Isles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswell_%26_Johnson%27s_Tour_of_the_Western_Isles"},{"link_name":"BBC 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_2"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Miles Jupp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Jupp"},{"link_name":"Philip Baruth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Baruth"},{"link_name":"James Robertson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Robertson_(novelist)"},{"link_name":"Joseph Knight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Knight_(slave)"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"}],"text":"Boswell's surname has passed into the English language as a term (Boswell, Boswellian, Boswellism) for a constant companion and observer, especially one who records those observations in print. In \"A Scandal in Bohemia\", Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's character Sherlock Holmes affectionately says of Dr. Watson, who narrates the tales, \"I am lost without my Boswell.\"[26]The comedy Young Auchinleck (1962) by Scottish playwright Robert McLellan depicts Boswell's various courtships and troubled relations with his father in the period after his return to Scotland in 1766, culminating in his eventual marriage to his cousin Margaret Montgomery (Peggy) in 1769 on the same day as his father's second marriage in a different part of the country. The play was first produced at the Edinburgh International Festival in 1962 and adapted for BBC Television in 1965.In 1981 the cartoonist R. Crumb published the piece \"Boswell's London Journal\" in the anthology magazine Weirdo. Presented as a \"Klassic Komic,\" the piece featured meticulous cross-hatched illustrations and excerpts from Boswell's writing to tell a satirical story of the young Boswell attempting to establish himself in London society, dallying with prostitutes and suffering from venereal disease.[27]Boswell was played by John Sessions in Boswell & Johnson's Tour of the Western Isles, a 1993 BBC 2 play.[28]In February and March 2015, BBC Radio 4 broadcast three episodes of \"Boswell's Lives\", writer Jon Canter's comedic take on Boswell meeting later historical figures (Sigmund Freud, Maria Callas and Harold Pinter, respectively) for the purposes of biographing them.[29] Boswell was played by Miles Jupp.American novelist Philip Baruth wrote a fictional account of James Boswell's early life in The Brothers Boswell (Soho Press 2009). The novel, which includes scenes that feature Samuel Johnson, is a thriller that focuses on the tense relationship between James and his younger brother John. Boswell also features as a character in James Robertson's novel, Joseph Knight (2003).[30]","title":"In fiction and popular culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"James Dodsley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dodsley"},{"link_name":"Account of Corsica, The Journal of a Tour to That Island, and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6130954&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&search_terms=DTL7&pds_handle=%7CAn"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Account_of_Corsica.tif"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Journal_of_a_Tour_to_the_Hebrides"},{"link_name":"The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Samuel_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Everyman's Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library"},{"link_name":"No Abolition of Slavery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20360"}],"text":"The Cub at Newmarket[31] (1762, published by James Dodsley)\nLetters Between the Honourable Andrew Erskine, and James Boswell, Esq. (1763)\nDorando, a Spanish Tale (1767, anonymously)\nAccount of Corsica, The Journal of a Tour to That Island, and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli (1768) Account of Corsica, 1768\n\"The Rampager\" (1770–82, a series of 20 essays published sporadically in the Public Advertiser)[32]\nThe Hypochondriack (1777–83, a series of 70 essays published monthly in the London Magazine)\nThe Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D (1785)\nThe Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D 2 vols. (1791, reprinted in Everyman's Library)\nNo Abolition of Slavery (1791) (poem)","title":"Major works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Boswell's London Journal, 1762–1763","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Journal"},{"link_name":"F. A. Pottle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._A._Pottle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Boswell in Holland, 1763–1764","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/stream/boswellinholland027081mbp/boswellinholland027081mbp_djvu.txt"},{"link_name":"Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 1764","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org//archive.org/details/boswellonthegran006270mbp/page/n6"},{"link_name":"Boswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 1765–1766","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/stream/onthegrandtourit006242mbp/onthegrandtourit006242mbp_djvu.txt"},{"link_name":"Boswell in Search of a Wife, 1766–1769","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/stream/boswellinsearcho010482mbp/boswellinsearcho010482mbp_djvu.txt"},{"link_name":"W. A. Wimsatt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._A._Wimsatt&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Boswell: the Ominous Years, 1774–1776","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org//archive.org/details/boswellominousye00bosw"},{"link_name":"Charles Ryskamp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ryskamp"},{"link_name":"C. McC. Weis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._McC._Weis&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"J. W. Reed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._W._Reed&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"I. S. Lustig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I._S._Lustig&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Marlies K. Danziger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marlies_K._Danziger&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Frank Brady","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Brady_(writer)"}],"text":"After Boswell's private papers were recovered, and brought together by Ralph Isham, they were acquired by Yale University, where a dedicated office was established to edit and publish his journals and correspondence. The journals have been published in 13 volumes, as follows.Boswell's London Journal, 1762–1763, ed. F. A. Pottle (1950)\nBoswell in Holland, 1763–1764, including his correspondence with Belle de Zuylen (Zelide), ed. F. A. Pottle (1952)\nBoswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 1764, ed. F. A. Pottle (1953)\nBoswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 1765–1766, ed. Frank Brady and F. A. Pottle (1955)\nBoswell in Search of a Wife, 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and F. A. Pottle (1957)\nBoswell for the Defence, 1769–1774, ed. W. A. Wimsatt and F. A. Pottle (1960)\nBoswell: the Ominous Years, 1774–1776, ed. Charles Ryskamp and F. A. Pottle (1963)\nBoswell in Extremes, 1776–1778, ed. C. McC. Weis and F. A. Pottle (1970)\nBoswell, Laird of Auchinleck, 1778–1782, ed. J. W. Reed and F. A. Pottle (1977)\nBoswell: The Applause of the Jury, 1782–1785, ed. I. S. Lustig and F. A. Pottle (1981)\nBoswell: The English Experiment, 1785–1789, ed. I. S. Lustig and F. A. Pottle (1986)\nBoswell: The Great Biographer, 1789–1795, ed. Marlies K. Danziger and Frank Brady (1989)","title":"Published journals"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-85617-487-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85617-487-4"},{"link_name":"Margery Bailey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margery_Bailey"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-300-14126-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14126-9"},{"link_name":"Thomas Seccombe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Seccombe"},{"link_name":"William C. Dowling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_C._Dowling"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-8203-0461-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-0461-1"},{"link_name":"Finlayson, Iain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iain_Finlayson"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-09-465540-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-465540-5"},{"link_name":"McLaren, Moray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moray_McLaren"},{"link_name":"Mallory, George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallory,_George"},{"link_name":"Martin, Peter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Martin_(professor)"},{"link_name":"Tinker, Chauncey g Brewster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauncey_Brewster_Tinker"},{"link_name":"Atlantic Monthly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly"},{"link_name":"Uglow, Jenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Uglow"},{"link_name":"Leo Damrosch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Damrosch"},{"link_name":"The Club: Johnson, Boswell, and the Friends Who Shaped an Age","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Club_(book)"},{"link_name":"The New York Review of Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books"},{"link_name":"Wyndham Lewis, D.B.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.B._Wyndham_Lewis"}],"text":"Boswell, James. Boswell's Book of Bad Verse (A Verse Self-Portrait) or 'Love Poems and Other Verses by James Boswell'. Edited with Notes by Jack Werner. London. White Lion, 1974. ISBN 0-85617-487-4.\nBoswell, James. Boswell's Column. Being his Seventy Contributions to The London Magazine under the pseudonym The Hypochondriack from 1777 to 1783 here First Printed in Book Form in England. Introduction and Notes by Margery Bailey. London. William Kimber, 1951.\nBoswell, James. Facts and Inventions: Selections from the Journalism of James Boswell. Edited by Paul Tankard. New Haven. Yale University Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-300-14126-9\nBoswell, James. The Journal of a Tour to Corsica; and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli. Edited, with an Introduction, by Morchard Bishop. London. Williams & Norgate, 1951.\nBoswell, James. Letters of James Boswell to the Rev. W. J. Temple. Introduction by Thomas Seccombe. London. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1908.\nBrady, Frank. Boswell's Political Career. Yale University Press, 1965.\nWilliam C. Dowling. The Boswellian Hero. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1979. ISBN 0-8203-0461-1.\nFinlayson, Iain. The Moth and the Candle. A Life of James Boswell. London. Constable, 1984. ISBN 0-09-465540-5.\nMaurice Lévy : James Boswell. Un libertin mélancolique, Grenoble, éd. Ellug, 2001, 412 pages.\nMcLaren, Moray: The Highland Jaunt. A Study of James Boswell and Samuel Johnson upon their Highland and Hebridean Tour of 1773. London. Jarrolds, 1954.\nMallory, George. Boswell the Biographer. London. Smith, Elder, 1912.\nMartin, Peter. \"A Life of James Boswell\". London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999.\nPottle, Frederick A. Boswell and the Girl from Botany Bay. London. Heinemann, 1938.\nTinker, Chauncey g Brewster. Young Boswell. Chapters on James Boswell the Biographer Based Largely on New Material. Boston. Atlantic Monthly, 1922.\nUglow, Jenny, \"Big Talkers\" (review of Leo Damrosch, The Club: Johnson, Boswell, and the Friends Who Shaped an Age, Yale University Press, 473 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVI, no. 9 (23 May 2019), pp. 26–28.\nWyndham Lewis, D.B. The Hooded Hawk or The Case of Mr. Boswell. London. Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1946.","title":"Further reading"}] | [{"image_text":"Boswell's Edinburgh. In his journals he often mentions using the \"Back Stairs\" behind Parliament Close. His birthplace was the family's town house on the east side of the close, just around the corner at the top of the steps.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parliament_House_from_the_Cowgate.JPG/220px-Parliament_House_from_the_Cowgate.JPG"},{"image_text":"James Boswell by George Willison in Rome in 1765. Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/George_Willison_-_James_Boswell%2C_1740_-_1795._Diarist_and_biographer_of_Dr_Samuel_Johnson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-George_Willison_-_James_Boswell%2C_1740_-_1795._Diarist_and_biographer_of_Dr_Samuel_Johnson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg"},{"image_text":"A commemorative plaque to Boswell at his former home at James Court, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/JamesBoswellPlaque.png/250px-JamesBoswellPlaque.png"},{"image_text":"A literary party at Sir Joshua Reynolds' – 1781. The painting shows the friends of Reynolds including Boswell at left.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/JoshuaReynoldsParty.jpg/300px-JoshuaReynoldsParty.jpg"},{"image_text":"Account of Corsica, 1768","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Account_of_Corsica.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Account_of_Corsica.tif.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"Root, Douglas (2014). \"Two 'Most Un-Clubbable Men': Samuel Johnson, Benjamin Franklin, and Their Social Circles\". In Baird, Ileana (ed.). Social Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century: Clubs, Literary Salons, Textual Coteries. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. p. 256. ISBN 978-1443866781. Retrieved 30 July 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=oO6mBgAAQBAJ&q=%22greatest+biography%22+boswell+johnson&pg=PA256","url_text":"\"Two 'Most Un-Clubbable Men': Samuel Johnson, Benjamin Franklin, and Their Social Circles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1443866781","url_text":"978-1443866781"}]},{"reference":"Rollyson, Carl, ed. (2005). British Biography: A Reader. New York: iUniverse. p. 77. ISBN 0595364098. Retrieved 30 July 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=N_TvvAeto04C&q=%22greatest+biography%22+boswell+johnson&pg=PA77","url_text":"British Biography: A Reader"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0595364098","url_text":"0595364098"}]},{"reference":"Price, Martin, 1920–2010 (1973). The restoration and the eighteenth century. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 498. ISBN 0-19-501614-9. OCLC 2341106.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-501614-9","url_text":"0-19-501614-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2341106","url_text":"2341106"}]},{"reference":"Tankard, Paul (2014). Facts and Inventions: Selections from the Journalism of James Boswell. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. xxiv. ISBN 978-0-300-14126-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14126-9","url_text":"978-0-300-14126-9"}]},{"reference":"Boswell, James; Temple, William Johnston (1997). Boswell Correspondence, letter of 26 June 1767. ISBN 9780748607587. Retrieved 2 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Fu7lQ2wF8DYC&pg=PA192","url_text":"Boswell Correspondence, letter of 26 June 1767"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748607587","url_text":"9780748607587"}]},{"reference":"MacCubbin, Robert Purks (1987). Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized Sexuality during the Enlightenment by R. P. Macubbin, page 64. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521347686. Retrieved 2 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ICpJV0LfVkkC&q=%22she+declared+I+was+a+prodigy%22+Boswell&pg=PA64","url_text":"Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized Sexuality during the Enlightenment by R. P. Macubbin, page 64"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521347686","url_text":"9780521347686"}]},{"reference":"Spacks, Patricia Meyer (June 2003). Privacy: concealing the eighteenth-century self by P Spacks page 141. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226768601. Retrieved 2 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Xe2tjI-4180C&q=Boswell+%22venereal+disease%22&pg=PA141","url_text":"Privacy: concealing the eighteenth-century self by P Spacks page 141"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226768601","url_text":"9780226768601"}]},{"reference":"Greaves, Richard L. (2002). Glimpses of Glory by R. L Greaves page 381. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804745307. Retrieved 2 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=8mACZIDfZEUC&q=Boswell+%22venereal+disease%22&pg=PA381","url_text":"Glimpses of Glory by R. L Greaves page 381"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804745307","url_text":"9780804745307"}]},{"reference":"\"Boswell, Margaret Montgomerie [Peggie] (1738?–1789), wife of James Boswell\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65003. Retrieved 16 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-65003","url_text":"\"Boswell, Margaret Montgomerie [Peggie] (1738?–1789), wife of James Boswell\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F65003","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/65003"}]},{"reference":"\"A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature by John W. Cousin – Full Text Free Book (Part 2/13)\". Fullbooks.com. Retrieved 2 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fullbooks.com/A-Short-Biographical-Dictionary-of-English2.html","url_text":"\"A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature by John W. Cousin – Full Text Free Book (Part 2/13)\""}]},{"reference":"Clarkson, Thomas (1836). The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-trade, by the British Parliament. Vol. 1. John S. Taylor. p. 194.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GlwSAAAAIAAJ","url_text":"The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-trade, by the British Parliament"}]},{"reference":"Price, Martin, 1920–2010 (1973). The restoration and the eighteenth century. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-501614-9. OCLC 2341106.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-501614-9","url_text":"0-19-501614-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2341106","url_text":"2341106"}]},{"reference":"\"Famous Freemasons\". Lodge St. Patrick No.468 Irish Constitution in New Zealand. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130208060549/http://www.lodgestpatrick.co.nz/famous.php","url_text":"\"Famous Freemasons\""},{"url":"http://www.lodgestpatrick.co.nz/famous.php","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur (18 April 2011). \"A Scandal in Bohemia\". The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 17 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1661/1661-h/1661-h.htm","url_text":"\"A Scandal in Bohemia\""}]},{"reference":"\"Broadcast - BBC Programme Index\". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. 27 October 1993.","urls":[{"url":"https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/3599c536d45f4586bd0c59716be19102","url_text":"\"Broadcast - BBC Programme Index\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC Radio 4 – Boswell's Lives, Series 1 – Episode guide\". BBC.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0547mvp/episodes/guide","url_text":"\"BBC Radio 4 – Boswell's Lives, Series 1 – Episode guide\""}]},{"reference":"BOSWELL, JAMES. (2018). CUB, AT NEWMARKET : a tale. [Place of publication not identified]: GALE ECCO, PRINT EDITIONS. ISBN 978-1-379-83122-8. OCLC 1035466633.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-379-83122-8","url_text":"978-1-379-83122-8"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035466633","url_text":"1035466633"}]},{"reference":"Boswell, James, 1740–1795 (10 June 2014). Facts and inventions : selections from the journalism of James Boswell. Tankard, Paul. New Haven. pp. 108–221. ISBN 9780300141269. OCLC 861676836.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300141269","url_text":"9780300141269"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/861676836","url_text":"861676836"}]},{"reference":"Cousin, John William (1910). \"Boswell, James\". A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via Wikisource.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Cousin","url_text":"Cousin, John William"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature/Boswell,_James","url_text":"Boswell, James"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature","url_text":"A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource","url_text":"Wikisource"}]},{"reference":"\"Boswell, James\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. IV (9th ed.). 1878. pp. 77–79.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Boswell,_James","url_text":"\"Boswell, James\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]},{"reference":"\"Archival material relating to James Boswell\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_and_Food_Research_Council | Agricultural and Food Research Council | ["1 History","2 References"] | Agricultural and Food Research CouncilAbbreviationAFRCFormation1983PurposeFunding of UK agriculture and horticultureRegion served United Kingdom
The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) was a British Research Council responsible for funding and managing scientific and technological developments in farming and horticulture.
History
The AFRC was formed in 1983 from its predecessor, the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). It was replaced by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as a result of government reorganisation in 1994. At that time Sir William Henderson who was secretary to the AFRC claimed that "agriculture was a success story" hence the AFRC could be closed and a new vision for research was envisaged in the creation of the BBSRC. With this shift in emphasis, there also followed the closure of several educational and research organisations as for example the internationally renowned Wye College.
References
^ "Contacts Directory". Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
^ Burns, K. N. (1973). "The Agricultural Research Council". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 66 (1 Pt 1): 5. doi:10.1177/00359157730661P107. PMC 1644363. PMID 4690059.
^ Agricultural Research 1931-1981. Agricultural Research Council. 1981. ISBN 0708401805.
^ Burns, K. N. (1973). "Agricultural Research Council selection of topics for veterinary research". The Veterinary Record. 92 (13): 340–2. doi:10.1136/vr.92.13.340. PMID 4722787.
^ "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council". BBSRC. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
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This article about an organisation in the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Research Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Research_Councils"},{"link_name":"farming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture"},{"link_name":"horticulture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulture"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) was a British Research Council responsible for funding and managing scientific and technological developments in farming and horticulture.[1][2][3][4]","title":"Agricultural and Food Research Council"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology_and_Biological_Sciences_Research_Council"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Wye College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wye_College"}],"text":"The AFRC was formed in 1983 from its predecessor, the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). It was replaced by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as a result of government reorganisation in 1994.[5] At that time Sir William Henderson who was secretary to the AFRC claimed that \"agriculture was a success story\" hence the AFRC could be closed and a new vision for research was envisaged in the creation of the BBSRC. With this shift in emphasis, there also followed the closure of several educational and research organisations as for example the internationally renowned Wye College.","title":"History"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Contacts Directory\". Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Retrieved 18 September 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/adlib/defra/content.aspx?id=000IL3890W.16NTBY1IUSE1MQ","url_text":"\"Contacts Directory\""}]},{"reference":"Burns, K. N. (1973). \"The Agricultural Research Council\". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 66 (1 Pt 1): 5. doi:10.1177/00359157730661P107. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_College_of_Florida,_Manatee-Sarasota | State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota | ["1 History","1.1 Campus","1.2 Sustainability","2 Administration","3 Academics","3.1 Libraries","3.2 Research","4 Partnerships and Community Development","4.1 26 West Center for Advanced Technology and Innovation","5 Student life","5.1 Student government","5.2 Brain Bowl","5.3 Music","5.4 Theater","5.5 Recreation","6 Athletics","7 Cultural","7.1 The Family Heritage House Museum","7.2 Neel Performing Arts Center","7.3 Howard Studio Theatre","7.4 Fine Art Gallery","8 Notable alumni","9 Notable faculty","10 See also","11 References","12 External links"] | Public college in Manatee and Sarasota County, Florida, United States
State College of Florida, Manatee-SarasotaOther nameSCFFormer namesManatee Junior CollegeManatee Community CollegeMottoVeritas LibertasMotto in English"The Truth Is Freedom"TypePublic collegeEstablishedSeptember 17, 1957; 66 years ago (1957-09-17)Parent institutionFlorida College SystemAccreditationSouthern Association of Colleges and SchoolsEndowment$62 millionPresidentCarol ProbstfeldProvostTodd FritchStudents8,424 ( 2021-22 )LocationBradenton, Florida, United StatesColorsGreen, blue NicknameThe ManateesSporting affiliationsDivision I NJCAA,
FCSAAMascotMaverick the ManateeWebsitewww.scf.edu
State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota (SCF) is a public college with campuses in the Manatee and Sarasota counties of Florida. Part of the Florida College System, it is designated a "state college" because it offers a greater number of bachelor's degrees than community colleges. SCF is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Founded in 1957 as Manatee Junior College, it was known as Manatee Community College from 1985 to 2009.
State College of Florida is the region's oldest and largest public college, operating three campuses serving Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch, and Venice. SCF's official colors are green and blue. The college's intercollegiate sports teams are "The Manatees" and are represented by mascot Maverick the Manatee.
History
State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota was established on September 17, 1957, by the Florida Board of Education as Manatee Junior College (MJC). The college came into existence under a plan of the State Board of Education to provide accessible higher education to Florida's population.
In November 1957, Samuel R. Neel Jr became the college's first president and the first classes were held on September 2, 1958, in what was formerly a senior high school; enrollment in the first term was 502 students. The college began administering classes in its own facilities in 1959, where the Bradenton campus stands today. Neel Auditorium, an 830-seat auditorium would be dedicated October 29, 1966, on the Bradenton campus. State College of Florida's 100-acre (40 ha) Bradenton campus is home to The SCF Collegiate School (SCFCS), The Family Heritage House Museum, SCF's Dental Hygiene Clinic, and the athletic facilities for The Manatees. The college's administrative offices are also located on the Bradenton campus.
The Venice center was opened in 1977 by MJC's board of trustees. During this period, the center's functions were funded by the donations of residents living in the surrounding communities which included Venice, North Port, and Englewood. It was not until 1983 that the college received an appropriation from the Florida Legislature to expand the Venice center into a full-service Venice campus. It was dedicated on March 30, 1985, and the college's name was changed that year to Manatee Community College (MCC). The Venice campus lake is nicknamed Lake Jervey and dedicated to Bill Jervey Jr for his outstanding contributions to the college.
At the beginning of 2003, MCC opened the 5-acre (2.0 ha) Lakewood Ranch campus. The land appropriated for this was donated by the Schroeder-Manatee Ranch. The Lakewood Ranch campus offers credit and non-credit programs of study, as well as technical and workforce development courses. In 2007, the Schroeder-Manatee Ranch donated an additional 5 acres (2.0 ha) to the Lakewood Ranch campus. MCC obtained supplementary funding from the Florida Legislature, which was allocated for the construction of the Medical Technology and Simulation Center.
In September 2008, MCC began the process of becoming a state college under the direction of then-president Lars A. Hafner, and on March 17, 2009, the State Board of Education unanimously approved the colleges proposal to offer its first baccalaureate degree. In July of that same year, MCC officially changed its name to State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota (SCF) to reflect its new status as a four-year state institution. The first bachelor's degree to be offered at the college was a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.S.N.) which started in January 2010. State College of Florida continues to add baccalaureate degree programs to its offerings based on a combination of regional, state, and national need. Several other bachelor's degree programs are now offered at SCF.
Campus
Students can attend classes on campuses located in Bradenton, Venice, and Lakewood Ranch. Students can also visit many business and public-sector sites throughout the community as well as attend online classes. The Bradenton campus is outside the city limits, in the Bayshore Gardens census-designated place.
Bradenton Campus. Stephen J. Korcheck Student Services Center
Venice campus
Lakewood Ranch campus. Medical Technology and Simulation Center (MTSC)
Future Parrish campus with college president Carol Probstfeld.
Sustainability
State College of Florida has been awarded The Association of Florida College's Campus Sustainability Award. And In 2011, the college was awarded The U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Efficient Design (LEED) Gold certification for the construction of the Medical Technology & Simulation Center on its Lakewood Ranch campus. Maintaining sustainability remains a continuous effort at SCF by integrating environmental, social and economic goals through design, planning and operational organization to meet its current needs.
Administration
As a member of the Florida College System, State College of Florida falls under the purview of the State Board of Education. SCF is governed by the Florida Legislature and by a District Board of Trustees, consisting of eight members appointed by the Governor to oversee the college's operations.
The college's president is Dr. Carol F. Probstfeld, who was inaugurated as the sixth president of the State College of Florida on November 8, 2013, after serving as the college's vice president of business and administrative services. Before coming to SCF, Probstfeld served as the vice president for finance and administration and the chief financial officer and treasurer for Notre Dame de Namur University in Belmont, California, and Notre Dame College of Ohio in South Euclid, Ohio.
Under her leadership, the State College of Florida Foundation launched its first Capital Campaign in 2016 to provide facilities that enhance the student experience. The campaign financed $1 million in technological upgrades for the new Library and Learning Center that opened in February 2018 and includes a $3.5 million Studio for the Performing Arts and a $9.5 million Health and Human Performance Center. Both of which will be built on the Bradenton campus.
Probstfeld has also led the college's 2015-2020 Boldly Engaging strategic plan. In the plan's first three years, SCF has purchased 74 acres (300,000 m2) of land for a new Parrish campus, added signature programs to its Venice campus, enacted multiple strategic enrollment initiatives, created a Leadership Development program to mentor its employees, and launched a comprehensive communications and marketing plan.
Academics
State College of Florida is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate and baccalaureate degrees. Noncredit education is offered under SCF's Lifelong Learning & Workforce Development programs. More than 50 percent of the college-bound high school students in Manatee and Sarasota counties attend SCF each year, with a current enrollment of over 11,000 students. State College of Florida is among the top 100 producers of associate degrees in the United States.
State College of Florida is also a charter member of the Manufacturing Institute's "M-list," which recognizes schools for excellence in manufacturing education. The Manufacturing Institute is an organization that is dedicated to improving and expanding manufacturing in the United States. SCF was one of eleven Florida College System institutions to be selected, helping Florida lead the nation with the most schools on the list.
State College of Florida's nursing program annually records one of the highest certification rates in the state of Florida, and the physical therapy assistant, occupational therapy assistant, dental hygiene and radiography programs have a 98% percent licensure pass rate.
SCF's study abroad program allows students the unique opportunity to travel to places outside of the United States. Students can visit places such as London, Oxford, Paris, Amsterdam and more. The program takes place during the summer months.
Libraries
State College of Florida has three campus libraries including a large online collection. These locations include Bradenton, Venice, and Lakewood Ranch. The collections include print and electronic books, academic journals, magazines and newspapers, thousands of online research databases, audio books, streaming videos, DVDs, citation tools, music, and periodicals. Group study rooms, computer labs, and wireless printing services are also available. In addition to the on site librarians, students can use digital reference services such as AskALibrarian, where they can chat, email or text with an SCF librarian.
A new $17.6 million library facility opened in 2018 at the Bradenton location. The facility includes a visualization studio which has a visual capability of 270 degrees, a 200-seat community room, 3D printers, and a film studio with multiple editing suites. As well as a section of the library in which students may not bring mobile telephones and laptop computers. The mission statement for the college library is as follows, "The SCF Libraries engage students, faculty, staff, and community members in the discovery and creation of knowledge."
Research
SCF is one of the 25 colleges and universities in the United States to participate in Yale University's Small World Initiative, a project that engages students in real-world research by searching for and identifying antibiotic-producing bacteria in soil and other environments. The college has also partnered with Tufts University to test the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Other undergraduate research opportunities are offered to SCF students under the Tampa Bay Bridge to Baccalaureate program (B2B). The Tampa Bay Bridge to Baccalaureate program is a collaboration between The State College of Florida, Hillsborough Community College, and St. Petersburg College. It is funded by the National Science Foundation under its Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation Program. The purpose of the B2B program is to increase the number of underrepresented minority students completing a bachelor's degree in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM). Under the program, students have the opportunity to participate in research and internships through the college, local businesses, and through other partner universities.
Partnerships and Community Development
The college's Venice campus is home to the Gator Engineering program, a collaboration with the University of Florida. Students can take their math and science courses at SCF and upon successful completion will be granted admission to UF's Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering.
State College of Florida also participates in the FUSE Transfer Program, a partnership with the University of South Florida. The FUSE Program provides a seamless transition from SCF to the USF System. The program also allows for timely completion of both the Associate of Arts (A.A.) and bachelor's degrees.
Previously the college held dual enrollment classes on the campuses of high schools operated by the School District of Manatee County and Sarasota County Public Schools. In 2018 the college announced that it would only offer dual enrollment classes held on its own campuses or those accessed on the internet.
The Cross College Alliance is a collaboration between the State College of Florida, the University of South Florida, the Ringling College of Art and Design, New College of Florida, and the Ringling museum of Art. The purpose of the Cross College Alliance (CCA) is to provide a network that expands the learning opportunities for students on the west coast of Florida. The CCA host a number of events throughout the year that inspire community building and collaboration.
26 West Center for Advanced Technology and Innovation
The 26 West Center for Advanced Technology and Innovation is a collaboration between the State College of Florida, local employers, the Economic Development Corporation of Sarasota County and the Bradenton Area Economic Development Corporation. The $8 million facility opened in the fall of 2021 on SCF's Bradenton campus and currently houses the brand new coding and IT academy, university partnership center, a video/creative production studio, and the new 26 West Center Technology Business Incubator.
Student life
Collectively, State College of Florida's three campuses have over 30 registered student organizations, including an active Student Government, intramural sports, and a campus ministry. Students can participate in clubs such as Phi Theta Kappa, Model UN, Circle K International, and more.
Student government
The Bradenton and Venice campuses each have their own independent Student Government Associations. State College of Florida's SGA is divided into three parts consisting of the executive board, the General Council, and the Inter-Club Council. The executive board is composed of the Student Body President, Student Body Vice President, Secretary/Treasurer, and the Inter-Club Council (ICC) President The Inter-Club Council (ICC) is composed of representatives from each registered club on campus, while the General Council is made up of members of the student body. Executive board elections are held during the spring semester, but General Council members can join as late as the beginning of the fall semester. Members of the SGA Executive Board also serve on the Student Activities Budget Review Committee (SABR) which manages and allocates funds to SCF'S 50+ clubs and organizations. General Council members can serve on the Campus Activities Board (CAB) which is responsible for planning and organizing campus activities throughout the semester such as the annual spring and fall festivals.
Brain Bowl
The Brain Bowl team at the State College of Florida has achieved state and national recognition for being one of the top quiz bowl programs in the country. In the 2014-2015 competition season, SCF's "Fire Team" compiled a record of 58–2 against other two-year schools, going on to win championships at tournaments such as the 2014 Delta Burke Invitational, 2015 FCSAA West Central Regional, 2015 FCSAA Brain Bowl State Championship, 2015 NAQT South Florida Community College Sectionals, and the 2015 NAQT Community College Championship Tournament. The team was also invited to compete in NAQT's Intercollegiate Championship Tournament (DII) where the team placed 25th with a record of 7–6, notably defeating four-year schools such as UC Berkeley, Duke University, University of Alabama, and Claremont Colleges in the process.
Music
State College of Florida's music program is home to eleven different musical ensembles. They include The Bradenton Symphony Orchestra, Symphonic band, Chamber choir, Concert choir, Big band, Jazz combo, Guitar ensemble, Keyboard studies, Presidential string quartet, Presidential jazz combo, and the Musical Theatre Ensemble. State College of Florida's music students perform in multiple concerts throughout the semester as well as numerous community and state events such as the FCSAA Winter Music Symposium. Auditions are open to students and the general public. Alumni include singer-songwriter Matt Walden and R&B singer R.LUM.R.
Theater
Studio 84 Productions, the student theatre and musical theatre company at the State College of Florida does a total of four to five productions per year. Auditions are open to students and to the community. Most theatre graduates have gone on to four-year universities to receive their Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.) degrees in Theater and Performing Arts. SCF Theater alumni include American actor Dallas Roberts (The walking Dead), various Broadway performers, and many more.
Recreation
State College of Florida's Bradenton campus includes a weight room, sand volleyball court, outdoor basketball court, outdoor fitness area, and a reflection pond. Most of the athletic fields, such as the gymnasium and the tennis courts are open to students when not in use. The Venice campus includes a 0.75-mile (1.21 km) fit trail and nature trail that surrounds the campus lake and includes 10 stations for balanced exercise routines. The State College of Florida Foundation is currently in the process of raising funds for a brand-new Health and Human Performance Center that will be built on the college's Bradenton campus. The 40,348-square-foot (3,748.5 m2) facility will feature a full-size fitness center, training facilities, a state-of-the-art gymnasium, team rooms for The Manatees and for away teams, classrooms, offices, and concession and vending areas.
Athletics
State College of Florida launched its intercollegiate athletics program in 1957 and adopted "The Lancers" as their mascot. When MCC decided to change its name to SCF in 2009, the college adopted a new mascot, as well as changing the college's official colors from blue and yellow, to blue and green.
Today, State College of Florida's athletic teams are known as "The Manatees" and are represented by the mascot Maverick the Manatee. State College of Florida host five intercollegiate sports teams. They include: Men's Baseball, Women's Softball, Women's Tennis, Women’s Beach Volleyball, and Women's Volleyball. They compete in the Citrus Conference and Sun-Lakes Conference of the Florida College System Activities Association (FCSAA) in NJCAA Region VIII. The State College of Florida Manatees have won numerous regional, state and conference titles and have made several national championship appearances.
Athletics alumni include MLB players Nick Goody, Josh Lucas, and Reggie McClain.
Cultural
The Family Heritage House Museum
The Bradenton campus is home to The Family Heritage House Museum, a gallery and research center for the study of African American history and achievements housed in the college's Library and Learning Center. The Annie Lucy Williams Children's Room includes the complete collection of Coretta Scott King Award children's books. Exhibits include a timeline of significant events in African American history, including slavery, fights for freedom, community building and education, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights Movement, Kwanzaa, and the modern era in South Africa. There are also displays about the Underground Railroad and a collection of African masks. The Admission is free.
Neel Performing Arts Center
The Samuel R. Neel Performing Arts Center located on SCF's Bradenton campus is an 830-seat auditorium built in 1966. Since then, State College of Florida's Neel Performing Arts Center has been the cultural center of Manatee and Sarasota county and the home of SCF's music program. The Elizabeth M. Eaton Memorial Pipe Organ, a 50-rank, 3-manual instrument built by master craftsman Charles McManis is situated on the stage of the performing arts center.
Howard Studio Theatre
The David S. and Anne V. Howard Studio Theatre is a 116-seat performance center built in 2008 on State College of Florida's Bradenton campus. It is the home of Studio 84 Productions, the SCF student theatre company. The Howard Studio Theatre host a number of student performances throughout the semester as well as multiple performances by local and professional theatrical groups.
Fine Art Gallery
The Fine Art Gallery on the SCF Bradenton campus features exhibits made by students and faculty, as well as various installations by local and professional artist. The galleries exhibits embrace critical issues and the connections between art, education, and culture.
Notable alumni
See also: Category:State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota alumni
Nick Goody.
Amanda Evora.
State College of Florida alumni include authors, musicians, actors, artist, company founders, state representatives, screenwriters, producers, multiple athletes, and many more.
Alumnus
Notability
Lance Carter
Professional baseball player
Alex Cole
Professional baseball player
Amanda Evora
U.S. Olympic figure skater
Bill Galvano
Member of the Florida House of Representatives and Senate
Nick Goody
MLB player
Matt Hudson
Member of the Florida House of Representatives
Mike Le
Screenwriter, director, and producer
Josh Lucas
Professional baseball player
Reggie McClain
Professional baseball player
Rob McKittrick
Filmmaker, screenwriter, director
Dallas Roberts
Actor
R.LUM.R
R&B singer
Notable faculty
Faculty member
Title
Notability
Pete Carney
Director of Jazz Studies
Author, Composer, Recording artist
Dave Moates
Assistant Baseball coach
Former professional baseball player
Don Robinson
Baseball Pitching coach
Former professional baseball player
Wyatt Rainey Blassingame
Creative writing instructor
Author
See also
Florida portalEducation portal
State College of Florida Collegiate School - College preparatory school on the SCF Bradenton and Venice campuses; Based on a Swedish model
Robert C. Wynn Baseball Field - Home of The Manatees Baseball team
Florida College System - A system of 28 public community colleges and state colleges in the U.S. state of Florida
References
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United States | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"public college","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_college"},{"link_name":"Manatee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manatee_County"},{"link_name":"Sarasota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasota_County,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida"},{"link_name":"Florida College System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_College_System"},{"link_name":"bachelor's degrees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"},{"link_name":"community colleges","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_college"},{"link_name":"Southern Association of Colleges and Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Association_of_Colleges_and_Schools"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Bradenton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradenton,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Lakewood Ranch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood_Ranch,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Venice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota (SCF) is a public college with campuses in the Manatee and Sarasota counties of Florida. Part of the Florida College System, it is designated a \"state college\" because it offers a greater number of bachelor's degrees than community colleges. SCF is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.[1] Founded in 1957 as Manatee Junior College, it was known as Manatee Community College from 1985 to 2009.State College of Florida is the region's oldest and largest public college, operating three campuses serving Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch, and Venice.[2] SCF's official colors are green and blue. The college's intercollegiate sports teams are \"The Manatees\" and are represented by mascot Maverick the Manatee.","title":"State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Florida Board of Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Board_of_Education"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-facc-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"SCF Collegiate School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCF_Collegiate_School"},{"link_name":"Venice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice,_Florida"},{"link_name":"North Port","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Port,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Englewood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englewood,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Florida Legislature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Legislature"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Lakewood Ranch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood_Ranch,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mccfl-7"},{"link_name":"State Board of Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Board_of_Education"},{"link_name":"baccalaureate degree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Bachelor of Science in Nursing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Nursing"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota was established on September 17, 1957, by the Florida Board of Education as Manatee Junior College (MJC). The college came into existence under a plan of the State Board of Education to provide accessible higher education to Florida's population.[3]In November 1957, Samuel R. Neel Jr became the college's first president and the first classes were held on September 2, 1958, in what was formerly a senior high school; enrollment in the first term was 502 students. The college began administering classes in its own facilities in 1959, where the Bradenton campus stands today.[4] Neel Auditorium, an 830-seat auditorium would be dedicated October 29, 1966, on the Bradenton campus.[5] State College of Florida's 100-acre (40 ha) Bradenton campus is home to The SCF Collegiate School (SCFCS), The Family Heritage House Museum, SCF's Dental Hygiene Clinic, and the athletic facilities for The Manatees. The college's administrative offices are also located on the Bradenton campus.The Venice center was opened in 1977 by MJC's board of trustees. During this period, the center's functions were funded by the donations of residents living in the surrounding communities which included Venice, North Port, and Englewood. It was not until 1983 that the college received an appropriation from the Florida Legislature to expand the Venice center into a full-service Venice campus. It was dedicated on March 30, 1985, and the college's name was changed that year to Manatee Community College (MCC). The Venice campus lake is nicknamed Lake Jervey and dedicated to Bill Jervey Jr for his outstanding contributions to the college.[6]At the beginning of 2003, MCC opened the 5-acre (2.0 ha) Lakewood Ranch campus. The land appropriated for this was donated by the Schroeder-Manatee Ranch. The Lakewood Ranch campus offers credit and non-credit programs of study, as well as technical and workforce development courses. In 2007, the Schroeder-Manatee Ranch donated an additional 5 acres (2.0 ha) to the Lakewood Ranch campus. MCC obtained supplementary funding from the Florida Legislature, which was allocated for the construction of the Medical Technology and Simulation Center.[7]In September 2008, MCC began the process of becoming a state college under the direction of then-president Lars A. Hafner, and on March 17, 2009, the State Board of Education unanimously approved the colleges proposal to offer its first baccalaureate degree. In July of that same year, MCC officially changed its name to State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota (SCF) to reflect its new status as a four-year state institution.[8] The first bachelor's degree to be offered at the college was a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.S.N.) which started in January 2010. State College of Florida continues to add baccalaureate degree programs to its offerings based on a combination of regional, state, and national need. Several other bachelor's degree programs are now offered at SCF.[9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bradenton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradenton,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Venice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Lakewood Ranch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood_Ranch"},{"link_name":"Bayshore Gardens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayshore_Gardens,_Florida"},{"link_name":"census-designated place","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census-designated_place"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SCF_Bradenton_campus.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SCF_Venice.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SCF_MTSC_Lakewook_ranch_campus.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SCF_Parrish.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Campus","text":"Students can attend classes on campuses located in Bradenton, Venice, and Lakewood Ranch. Students can also visit many business and public-sector sites throughout the community as well as attend online classes. The Bradenton campus is outside the city limits, in the Bayshore Gardens census-designated place.[10][11]Bradenton Campus. Stephen J. Korcheck Student Services Center\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tVenice campus\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tLakewood Ranch campus. Medical Technology and Simulation Center (MTSC)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFuture Parrish campus with college president Carol Probstfeld.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"U.S. Green Building Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Green_Building_Council"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"sub_title":"Sustainability","text":"State College of Florida has been awarded The Association of Florida College's Campus Sustainability Award. And In 2011, the college was awarded The U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Efficient Design (LEED) Gold certification for the construction of the Medical Technology & Simulation Center on its Lakewood Ranch campus.[12] Maintaining sustainability remains a continuous effort at SCF by integrating environmental, social and economic goals through design, planning and operational organization to meet its current needs.[13]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Florida College System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_College_System"},{"link_name":"State Board of Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Board_of_Education"},{"link_name":"Florida Legislature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Legislature"},{"link_name":"Governor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Florida"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Notre Dame de Namur University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Namur_University"},{"link_name":"Notre Dame College of Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-15"},{"link_name":"Capital Campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_campaign"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-15"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-15"},{"link_name":"Parrish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrish,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-15"}],"text":"As a member of the Florida College System, State College of Florida falls under the purview of the State Board of Education. SCF is governed by the Florida Legislature and by a District Board of Trustees, consisting of eight members appointed by the Governor to oversee the college's operations.The college's president is Dr. Carol F. Probstfeld, who was inaugurated as the sixth president of the State College of Florida on November 8, 2013, after serving as the college's vice president of business and administrative services.[14] Before coming to SCF, Probstfeld served as the vice president for finance and administration and the chief financial officer and treasurer for Notre Dame de Namur University in Belmont, California, and Notre Dame College of Ohio in South Euclid, Ohio.[15]Under her leadership, the State College of Florida Foundation launched its first Capital Campaign in 2016 to provide facilities that enhance the student experience. The campaign financed $1 million in technological upgrades for the new Library and Learning Center that opened in February 2018 and includes a $3.5 million Studio for the Performing Arts and a $9.5 million Health and Human Performance Center. Both of which will be built on the Bradenton campus.[15]Probstfeld has also led the college's 2015-2020 Boldly Engaging strategic plan.[15] In the plan's first three years, SCF has purchased 74 acres (300,000 m2) of land for a new Parrish campus, added signature programs to its Venice campus, enacted multiple strategic enrollment initiatives, created a Leadership Development program to mentor its employees, and launched a comprehensive communications and marketing plan.[15]","title":"Administration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Southern Association of Colleges and Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Association_of_Colleges_and_Schools"},{"link_name":"associate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associate_degree"},{"link_name":"baccalaureate degrees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-16"},{"link_name":"Manatee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manatee_County"},{"link_name":"Sarasota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasota_County"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-18"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-18"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-15"},{"link_name":"study abroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_abroad"},{"link_name":"Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford"},{"link_name":"Amsterdam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"State College of Florida is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate and baccalaureate degrees.[16] Noncredit education is offered under SCF's Lifelong Learning & Workforce Development programs. More than 50 percent of the college-bound high school students in Manatee and Sarasota counties attend SCF each year, with a current enrollment of over 11,000 students. State College of Florida is among the top 100 producers of associate degrees in the United States.[17]State College of Florida is also a charter member of the Manufacturing Institute's \"M-list,\" which recognizes schools for excellence in manufacturing education.[18] The Manufacturing Institute is an organization that is dedicated to improving and expanding manufacturing in the United States. SCF was one of eleven Florida College System institutions to be selected, helping Florida lead the nation with the most schools on the list.[18]State College of Florida's nursing program annually records one of the highest certification rates in the state of Florida, and the physical therapy assistant, occupational therapy assistant, dental hygiene and radiography programs have a 98% percent licensure pass rate.[15]SCF's study abroad program allows students the unique opportunity to travel to places outside of the United States. Students can visit places such as London, Oxford, Paris, Amsterdam and more. The program takes place during the summer months.[19][20]","title":"Academics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bradenton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradenton,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Venice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Lakewood Ranch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood_Ranch,_Florida"},{"link_name":"AskALibrarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ask_a_Librarian"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"sub_title":"Libraries","text":"State College of Florida has three campus libraries including a large online collection. These locations include Bradenton, Venice, and Lakewood Ranch. The collections include print and electronic books, academic journals, magazines and newspapers, thousands of online research databases, audio books, streaming videos, DVDs, citation tools, music, and periodicals. Group study rooms, computer labs, and wireless printing services are also available. In addition to the on site librarians, students can use digital reference services such as AskALibrarian, where they can chat, email or text with an SCF librarian.[21]A new $17.6 million library facility opened in 2018 at the Bradenton location. The facility includes a visualization studio which has a visual capability of 270 degrees, a 200-seat community room, 3D printers, and a film studio with multiple editing suites. As well as a section of the library in which students may not bring mobile telephones and laptop computers.[22][23] The mission statement for the college library is as follows, \"The SCF Libraries engage students, faculty, staff, and community members in the discovery and creation of knowledge.\"","title":"Academics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yale University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University"},{"link_name":"Small World Initiative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_World_Initiative"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-18"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Tufts University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufts_University"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"undergraduate research","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undergraduate_research"},{"link_name":"Hillsborough Community College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsborough_Community_College"},{"link_name":"St. Petersburg College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg_College"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"National Science Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"science, technology, engineering, or mathematics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"}],"sub_title":"Research","text":"SCF is one of the 25 colleges and universities in the United States to participate in Yale University's Small World Initiative, a project that engages students in real-world research by searching for and identifying antibiotic-producing bacteria in soil and other environments.[18][24][25] The college has also partnered with Tufts University to test the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the environment.[26] Other undergraduate research opportunities are offered to SCF students under the Tampa Bay Bridge to Baccalaureate program (B2B). The Tampa Bay Bridge to Baccalaureate program is a collaboration between The State College of Florida, Hillsborough Community College, and St. Petersburg College.[27] It is funded by the National Science Foundation under its Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation Program.[28] The purpose of the B2B program is to increase the number of underrepresented minority students completing a bachelor's degree in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM).[29] Under the program, students have the opportunity to participate in research and internships through the college, local businesses, and through other partner universities.[30]","title":"Academics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Florida"},{"link_name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Engineering"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"University of South Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Florida"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"School District of Manatee County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_District_of_Manatee_County"},{"link_name":"Sarasota County Public Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasota_County_Public_Schools"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Ringling College of Art and Design","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringling_College_of_Art_and_Design"},{"link_name":"New College of Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_College_of_Florida"},{"link_name":"Ringling museum of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_and_Mable_Ringling_Museum_of_Art"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"}],"text":"The college's Venice campus is home to the Gator Engineering program, a collaboration with the University of Florida. Students can take their math and science courses at SCF and upon successful completion will be granted admission to UF's Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering.[31]State College of Florida also participates in the FUSE Transfer Program, a partnership with the University of South Florida. The FUSE Program provides a seamless transition from SCF to the USF System. The program also allows for timely completion of both the Associate of Arts (A.A.) and bachelor's degrees.[32]Previously the college held dual enrollment classes on the campuses of high schools operated by the School District of Manatee County and Sarasota County Public Schools. In 2018 the college announced that it would only offer dual enrollment classes held on its own campuses or those accessed on the internet.[33]The Cross College Alliance is a collaboration between the State College of Florida, the University of South Florida, the Ringling College of Art and Design, New College of Florida, and the Ringling museum of Art. The purpose of the Cross College Alliance (CCA) is to provide a network that expands the learning opportunities for students on the west coast of Florida. The CCA host a number of events throughout the year that inspire community building and collaboration.[34]","title":"Partnerships and Community Development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-35"}],"sub_title":"26 West Center for Advanced Technology and Innovation","text":"The 26 West Center for Advanced Technology and Innovation is a collaboration between the State College of Florida, local employers, the Economic Development Corporation of Sarasota County and the Bradenton Area Economic Development Corporation.[35] The $8 million facility opened in the fall of 2021 on SCF's Bradenton campus and currently houses the brand new coding and IT academy, university partnership center, a video/creative production studio, and the new 26 West Center Technology Business Incubator.[36][37][35]","title":"Partnerships and Community Development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Student Government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_governments_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"intramural sports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramural_sports"},{"link_name":"Phi Theta Kappa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Theta_Kappa"},{"link_name":"Model UN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_United_Nations_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Circle K International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_K_International"}],"text":"Collectively, State College of Florida's three campuses have over 30 registered student organizations, including an active Student Government, intramural sports, and a campus ministry. Students can participate in clubs such as Phi Theta Kappa, Model UN, Circle K International, and more.","title":"Student life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Student Government Associations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_Government_Associations"},{"link_name":"Student Body President","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student-body_president"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"}],"sub_title":"Student government","text":"The Bradenton and Venice campuses each have their own independent Student Government Associations. State College of Florida's SGA is divided into three parts consisting of the executive board, the General Council, and the Inter-Club Council. The executive board is composed of the Student Body President, Student Body Vice President, Secretary/Treasurer, and the Inter-Club Council (ICC) President[38] The Inter-Club Council (ICC) is composed of representatives from each registered club on campus,[39] while the General Council is made up of members of the student body. Executive board elections are held during the spring semester, but General Council members can join as late as the beginning of the fall semester. Members of the SGA Executive Board also serve on the Student Activities Budget Review Committee (SABR) which manages and allocates funds to SCF'S 50+ clubs and organizations. General Council members can serve on the Campus Activities Board (CAB) which is responsible for planning and organizing campus activities throughout the semester such as the annual spring and fall festivals.","title":"Student life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"quiz bowl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiz_bowl"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"FCSAA Brain Bowl State Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Bowl"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"NAQT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAQT"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"UC Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UC_Berkeley"},{"link_name":"Duke University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University"},{"link_name":"University of Alabama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alabama"},{"link_name":"Claremont Colleges","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claremont_Colleges"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"}],"sub_title":"Brain Bowl","text":"The Brain Bowl team at the State College of Florida has achieved state and national recognition for being one of the top quiz bowl programs in the country. In the 2014-2015 competition season, SCF's \"Fire Team\" compiled a record of 58–2 against other two-year schools, going on to win championships at tournaments such as the 2014 Delta Burke Invitational, 2015 FCSAA West Central Regional,[40] 2015 FCSAA Brain Bowl State Championship,[41][42][43][44] 2015 NAQT South Florida Community College Sectionals,[45] and the 2015 NAQT Community College Championship Tournament.[46][47] The team was also invited to compete in NAQT's Intercollegiate Championship Tournament (DII) where the team placed 25th with a record of 7–6,[48] notably defeating four-year schools such as UC Berkeley, Duke University, University of Alabama, and Claremont Colleges in the process.[49][50]","title":"Student life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chamber choir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_choir"},{"link_name":"Big band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_band"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"Matt Walden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Walden"},{"link_name":"R.LUM.R","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.LUM.R"}],"sub_title":"Music","text":"State College of Florida's music program is home to eleven different musical ensembles. They include The Bradenton Symphony Orchestra, Symphonic band, Chamber choir, Concert choir, Big band, Jazz combo, Guitar ensemble, Keyboard studies, Presidential string quartet, Presidential jazz combo, and the Musical Theatre Ensemble.[51] State College of Florida's music students perform in multiple concerts throughout the semester as well as numerous community and state events such as the FCSAA Winter Music Symposium. Auditions are open to students and the general public. Alumni include singer-songwriter Matt Walden and R&B singer R.LUM.R.","title":"Student life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"Bachelor of Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts"},{"link_name":"Bachelor of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Dallas Roberts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Roberts"}],"sub_title":"Theater","text":"Studio 84 Productions, the student theatre and musical theatre company at the State College of Florida does a total of four to five productions per year.[52] Auditions are open to students and to the community. Most theatre graduates have gone on to four-year universities to receive their Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.) degrees in Theater and Performing Arts. SCF Theater alumni include American actor Dallas Roberts (The walking Dead), various Broadway performers, and many more.","title":"Student life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"}],"sub_title":"Recreation","text":"State College of Florida's Bradenton campus includes a weight room, sand volleyball court, outdoor basketball court, outdoor fitness area, and a reflection pond. Most of the athletic fields, such as the gymnasium and the tennis courts are open to students when not in use. The Venice campus includes a 0.75-mile (1.21 km) fit trail and nature trail that surrounds the campus lake and includes 10 stations for balanced exercise routines.[53] The State College of Florida Foundation is currently in the process of raising funds for a brand-new Health and Human Performance Center that will be built on the college's Bradenton campus. The 40,348-square-foot (3,748.5 m2) facility will feature a full-size fitness center, training facilities, a state-of-the-art gymnasium, team rooms for The Manatees and for away teams, classrooms, offices, and concession and vending areas.[54]","title":"Student life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"intercollegiate sports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercollegiate_sports"},{"link_name":"Florida College System Activities Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_College_System_Activities_Association"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"NJCAA Region VIII","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJCAA_Region_VIII"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-16"},{"link_name":"Nick Goody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Goody"},{"link_name":"Josh Lucas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Lucas_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Reggie McClain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggie_McClain"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-57"}],"text":"State College of Florida launched its intercollegiate athletics program in 1957 and adopted \"The Lancers\" as their mascot. When MCC decided to change its name to SCF in 2009, the college adopted a new mascot, as well as changing the college's official colors from blue and yellow, to blue and green.[55]Today, State College of Florida's athletic teams are known as \"The Manatees\" and are represented by the mascot Maverick the Manatee. State College of Florida host five intercollegiate sports teams. They include: Men's Baseball, Women's Softball, Women's Tennis, Women’s Beach Volleyball, and Women's Volleyball. They compete in the Citrus Conference and Sun-Lakes Conference of the Florida College System Activities Association (FCSAA)[56] in NJCAA Region VIII.[16] The State College of Florida Manatees have won numerous regional, state and conference titles and have made several national championship appearances.Athletics alumni include MLB players Nick Goody, Josh Lucas, and Reggie McClain.[57]","title":"Athletics"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cultural"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"Coretta Scott King Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King_Award"},{"link_name":"Harlem Renaissance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance"},{"link_name":"Civil Rights Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement"},{"link_name":"Kwanzaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwanzaa"},{"link_name":"Underground Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_Railroad"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"}],"sub_title":"The Family Heritage House Museum","text":"The Bradenton campus is home to The Family Heritage House Museum, a gallery and research center for the study of African American history and achievements housed in the college's Library and Learning Center.[58] The Annie Lucy Williams Children's Room includes the complete collection of Coretta Scott King Award children's books. Exhibits include a timeline of significant events in African American history, including slavery, fights for freedom, community building and education, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights Movement, Kwanzaa, and the modern era in South Africa. There are also displays about the Underground Railroad and a collection of African masks. The Admission is free.[59]","title":"Cultural"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Charles McManis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_McManis"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"}],"sub_title":"Neel Performing Arts Center","text":"The Samuel R. Neel Performing Arts Center located on SCF's Bradenton campus is an 830-seat auditorium built in 1966. Since then, State College of Florida's Neel Performing Arts Center has been the cultural center of Manatee and Sarasota county and the home of SCF's music program. The Elizabeth M. Eaton Memorial Pipe Organ, a 50-rank, 3-manual instrument built by master craftsman Charles McManis is situated on the stage of the performing arts center.[60]","title":"Cultural"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"}],"sub_title":"Howard Studio Theatre","text":"The David S. and Anne V. Howard Studio Theatre is a 116-seat performance center built in 2008 on State College of Florida's Bradenton campus. It is the home of Studio 84 Productions, the SCF student theatre company.[61] The Howard Studio Theatre host a number of student performances throughout the semester as well as multiple performances by local and professional theatrical groups.","title":"Cultural"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"}],"sub_title":"Fine Art Gallery","text":"The Fine Art Gallery on the SCF Bradenton campus features exhibits made by students and faculty, as well as various installations by local and professional artist. The galleries exhibits embrace critical issues and the connections between art, education, and culture.[62]","title":"Cultural"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Category:State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota alumni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:State_College_of_Florida,_Manatee%E2%80%93Sarasota_alumni"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nick_Goody_2019.jpg"},{"link_name":"Nick Goody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Goody"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amanda_EVORA_Mark_LADWIG_Skate_America_2009.jpg"},{"link_name":"Amanda Evora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Evora"}],"text":"See also: Category:State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota alumniNick Goody.Amanda Evora.State College of Florida alumni include authors, musicians, actors, artist, company founders, state representatives, screenwriters, producers, multiple athletes, and many more.","title":"Notable alumni"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Notable faculty"}] | [{"image_text":"Nick Goody.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nick_Goody_2019.jpg/220px-Nick_Goody_2019.jpg"},{"image_text":"Amanda Evora.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Amanda_EVORA_Mark_LADWIG_Skate_America_2009.jpg/220px-Amanda_EVORA_Mark_LADWIG_Skate_America_2009.jpg"}] | [{"title":"Florida portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Florida"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png"},{"title":"Education portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Education"},{"title":"State College of Florida Collegiate School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_College_of_Florida_Collegiate_School"},{"title":"Robert C. Wynn Baseball Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_C._Wynn_Baseball_Field"},{"title":"Florida College System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_College_System"}] | [{"reference":"\"Institutions\". SACSCOC. Retrieved March 5, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://sacscoc.org/institutions/","url_text":"\"Institutions\""}]},{"reference":"\"Locations, Maps & Directions\". www.scf.edu. State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota. 2013. Retrieved June 20, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scf.edu/AboutSCF/Locations/","url_text":"\"Locations, Maps & Directions\""}]},{"reference":"\"State College of Florida-General Information\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota.","urls":[{"url":"https://catalog.scf.edu/content.php?catoid=5&navoid=318","url_text":"\"State College of Florida-General Information\""}]},{"reference":"\"Neel Auditorium\". Manatee County Digital Public Library System: Digital Collection. October 29, 1966. Retrieved December 15, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://cdm16681.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16681coll1/id/2746","url_text":"\"Neel Auditorium\""}]},{"reference":"Dean, Vicki. \"Jervey's gift to SCF provides boost to Venice campus\". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved February 27, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.heraldtribune.com/news/20190221/jerveys-gift-to-scf-provides-boost-to-venice-campus","url_text":"\"Jervey's gift to SCF provides boost to Venice campus\""}]},{"reference":"\"Home - State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved April 13, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scf.edu/","url_text":"\"Home - State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\""}]},{"reference":"\"Name Change\". July 8, 2009. Archived from the original on July 8, 2009. Retrieved June 22, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090708215200/http://www.mccfl.edu/pages/3720.asp","url_text":"\"Name Change\""},{"url":"http://www.mccfl.edu/pages/3720.asp","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Manatee-Sarasota, State College of Florida. \"Baccalaureate Programs - State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved November 17, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scf.edu/Academics/BaccalaureateDegrees/default.asp","url_text":"\"Baccalaureate Programs - State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\""}]},{"reference":"\"Locations\". State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota. Retrieved July 9, 2019. SCF Bradenton 5840 26th St. W., Bradenton, FL 34207","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scf.edu/AboutSCF/Locations/default.asp","url_text":"\"Locations\""}]},{"reference":"\"2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Bayshore Gardens CDP, FL\" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. 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Bradenton Herald.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bradenton.com/news/local/education/article198451899.html","url_text":"\"New SCF library has books on the shelves and technology turned on for students, community to use\""}]},{"reference":"\"Four SCF Students Present Research at State Conference\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved June 20, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scf.edu/Administration/PublicAffairsMarketing/NewsReleases/2018/0227_FURC.asp","url_text":"\"Four SCF Students Present Research at State Conference\""}]},{"reference":"\"Studentsourcing a Solution at SCF - SRQ Daily Jan 18, 2020\". www.srqmagazine.com. Retrieved March 17, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.srqmagazine.com/srq-daily/2020-01-18/12444_Studentsourcing-a-Solution-at-SCF","url_text":"\"Studentsourcing a Solution at SCF - SRQ Daily Jan 18, 2020\""}]},{"reference":"\"SCF, Manatee-Sarasota selected to participate in research project\". Florida LambdaRail.","urls":[{"url":"https://flrnet.org/scf-manatee-sarasota-selected-to-participate-in-research-project/","url_text":"\"SCF, Manatee-Sarasota selected to participate in research project\""}]},{"reference":"kexworks. \"Partners\". Tampa Bay Bridge to the Baccalaureate. Retrieved June 19, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://tampabayb2b.com/partners/","url_text":"\"Partners\""}]},{"reference":"\"National Science Foundation Helps Fund STEM at SCF\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved June 4, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://scf.edu/Administration/PublicAffairsMarketing/NewsReleases/2018/0320_NSF_Grant.asp","url_text":"\"National Science Foundation Helps Fund STEM at SCF\""}]},{"reference":"\"Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) Grant\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. 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Bradenton, Florida: State College of Florida. 2017. p. 2.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scf.edu/content/PDF/student_services/student_life/ClubsAndOrganizationsForWeb17-18.pdf","url_text":"Student Clubs and Organizations Handbook 2017-18"}]},{"reference":"\"Regional Tournament Results\". www.thefcsaa.com. Florida College System Activities Association. Retrieved February 18, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thefcsaa.com/activities/brain_bowl_regional","url_text":"\"Regional Tournament Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"State Championship Results\". www.thefcsaa.com. Florida College System Activities Association. Retrieved February 18, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thefcsaa.com/activities/brain_bowl_state","url_text":"\"State Championship Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"2015 State Championship\". www.naqt.com. National Academic Quiz Tournaments. 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Retrieved March 11, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scf.edu/CampusLife/NeelPerformingArtsCenter/default.asp","url_text":"\"SCF Neel Performing Arts Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"SCF THEATRE\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved March 11, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scf.edu/Academics/DramaticArts/Studio84/default.asp","url_text":"\"SCF THEATRE\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Gallery at SCF\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved March 11, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scf.edu/Academics/FinePerformingArts/FineArtGallery/default.asp","url_text":"\"The Gallery at SCF\""}]},{"reference":"\"Meet U.S. Olympic figure skaters: Amanda Evora and Mark Ladwig\". thebradentontimes.com. Retrieved February 19, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://thebradentontimes.com/meet-us-olympic-figure-skaters-amanda-evora-and-mark-ladwig-p3780-158.htm","url_text":"\"Meet U.S. Olympic figure skaters: Amanda Evora and Mark Ladwig\""}]},{"reference":"Peruffo, Nick (June 20, 2014). \"Goody a late-bloomer as a reliever\". The Trentonian. Retrieved April 13, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.trentonian.com/sports/goody-a-late-bloomer-as-a-reliever/article_d1366ca7-113a-5368-a4a4-f9881f522576.html","url_text":"\"Goody a late-bloomer as a reliever\""}]},{"reference":"\"Huisking Family Foundation Donates $10,000 for Digital Production Studio - State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved December 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scf.edu/Administration/PublicAffairsMarketing/NewsReleases/2017/1017_Huisking_Foundation.asp","url_text":"\"Huisking Family Foundation Donates $10,000 for Digital Production Studio - State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dallas Roberts\". IMDb. Retrieved February 19, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1316767/bio","url_text":"\"Dallas Roberts\""}]},{"reference":"Geurts, Jimmy. \"R.LUM.R talks growing up in Bradenton, 'Jimmy Kimmel Live'\". Sarasota Herald. Retrieved November 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.heraldtribune.com/news/20171206/rlumr-talks-growing-up-in-bradenton-jimmy-kimmel-live","url_text":"\"R.LUM.R talks growing up in Bradenton, 'Jimmy Kimmel Live'\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pete Carney\". GigMasters. Retrieved March 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gigmasters.com/jazz-band/pete-carney","url_text":"\"Pete Carney\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dave Moates\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved June 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scfmanatees.com/sports/bsb/coaches/davemoates?view=bio","url_text":"\"Dave Moates\""}]},{"reference":"\"State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\". State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. Retrieved June 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scfmanatees.com/sports/bsb/coaches/Don_Robinson?view=bio","url_text":"\"State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota\""}]},{"reference":"\"MJC's writing instructors\" (JPEG). Manatee County Public Library System: Digital Collection (Photograph). Retrieved November 12, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://mymanatee.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16681coll1/id/20692/rec/10","url_text":"\"MJC's writing instructors\""}]},{"reference":"\"Author Wyatt Blassingame\" (JPEG). Manatee County Public Library System: Digital Collection (Photograph). 1964. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haines_Junction,_Yukon | Haines Junction, Yukon | ["1 History","2 Geography","2.1 Climate","3 Demographics","4 Infrastructure","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"] | Coordinates: 60°45′10″N 137°30′24″W / 60.75278°N 137.50667°W / 60.75278; -137.50667
Village in Yukon, CanadaHaines JunctionVillageVillage of Haines JunctionHaines JunctionShow map of YukonHaines JunctionShow map of CanadaCoordinates: 60°45′10″N 137°30′24″W / 60.75278°N 137.50667°W / 60.75278; -137.50667CountryCanadaTerritoryYukonFounded1942Incorporated1984Government • Village MayorMichael Riseborough • Governing bodyVillage of Haines Junction CouncilArea • Land34.49 km2 (13.32 sq mi)Population (2016) • Total688 • Density17.8/km2 (46/sq mi) • Change 2016-202111.2%Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST)Postal codeY0B 1L0Area code+1-867ClimateDscWebsiteOfficial website
Haines Junction is a village in Yukon, Canada. It is at Kilometre 1,632 (historical mile 1016) of the Alaska Highway at its junction with the Haines Highway, hence the name of the community. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 688. However, the Yukon Bureau of Statistics lists the population count for 2022 as 1,018.
Haines Junction lies east of Kluane National Park and Reserve. It is a major administrative centre for the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations.
History
For around two thousand years, the Southern Tutchone people had seasonal hunting and fishing camps in the area of present-day Haines Junction. The original name of the area was "Dakwakada", a Southern Tutchone word meaning "high cache". It was common for Tutchone people to use raised log caches to store food year-round or temporarily while they hunted and fished in an area.
The Haines Junction area was also important for trade between the coastal and interior peoples. It lies at the interior end of the Chilkat Pass, one of only three passes that allowed travel between the coast and the interior, which was used extensively for trade between the coastal Tlingit and Southern Tutchone people.
The current town of Haines Junction was established in 1942 and 1943 during the construction of the Alaska Highway (ALCAN). In 1943, a second highway, the Haines Highway, was built to connect the Alaska Highway with the coastal town of Haines, Alaska, over the Chilkat Pass. Situated at the junction of these two highways, Haines Junction was a construction camp and a supply and service centre for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers building the highway. The 626-mile (1,007 km) Haines–Fairbanks petroleum pipeline was constructed in 1953–55, and a pumping station was built just north of Haines Junction.
Geography
Climate
Haines Junction has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with mild summers and long, severely cold and snowy winters, with annual snowfall averaging 64.5 inches (164 cm).
Climate data for Haines Junction
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
7.0(44.6)
13.0(55.4)
14.0(57.2)
21.0(69.8)
27.0(80.6)
33.0(91.4)
30.5(86.9)
31.0(87.8)
23.0(73.4)
22.0(71.6)
12.0(53.6)
14.5(58.1)
33.0(91.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−15.3(4.5)
−8.1(17.4)
−0.1(31.8)
8.4(47.1)
—
—
19.1(66.4)
17.1(62.8)
14.0(57.2)
4.8(40.6)
−8.3(17.1)
−10.9(12.4)
2.1(35.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−20.6(−5.1)
−15.0(5.0)
−7.8(18.0)
0.9(33.6)
—
—
12.5(54.5)
10.6(51.1)
7.2(45.0)
−1.0(30.2)
−13.2(8.2)
−15.9(3.4)
−4.2(24.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−25.9(−14.6)
−21.1(−6.0)
−15.2(4.6)
−6.5(20.3)
—
—
5.9(42.6)
4.0(39.2)
0.4(32.7)
−6.7(19.9)
−17.4(0.7)
−20.5(−4.9)
−10.3(13.5)
Record low °C (°F)
−48.0(−54.4)
−47.5(−53.5)
−42.0(−43.6)
−32.0(−25.6)
−11.0(12.2)
−3.5(25.7)
−1.5(29.3)
−4.0(24.8)
−11.0(12.2)
−27.0(−16.6)
−42.0(−43.6)
−44.5(−48.1)
−48.0(−54.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
33.8(1.33)
24.5(0.96)
12.5(0.49)
7.9(0.31)
18.0(0.71)
35.3(1.39)
45.5(1.79)
37.7(1.48)
35.0(1.38)
26.7(1.05)
36.3(1.43)
40.1(1.58)
353.2(13.91)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
0.3(0.01)
0.5(0.02)
0.3(0.01)
2.2(0.09)
15.8(0.62)
35.3(1.39)
45.5(1.79)
37.7(1.48)
33.1(1.30)
11.2(0.44)
2.7(0.11)
4.9(0.19)
189.3(7.45)
Average snowfall cm (inches)
33.6(13.2)
24.0(9.4)
12.2(4.8)
5.7(2.2)
2.2(0.9)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
1.9(0.7)
15.5(6.1)
33.6(13.2)
35.3(13.9)
163.9(64.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)
8.4
5.6
3.5
2.7
5.5
7.8
8.4
8.5
8.7
7.0
8.4
8.3
82.7
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.8
5.2
7.8
8.4
8.5
8.3
3.1
0.3
0.4
43.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)
8.4
5.4
3.5
2.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.8
8.2
8.0
40.2
Source: Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
Demographics
Federal census population history of Haines JunctionYearPop.±%1971183— 1976268+46.4%1981366+36.6%1986340−7.1%1991477+40.3%1996574+20.3%2001531−7.5%2006589+10.9%2011593+0.7%2016613+3.4%2021688+12.2%Source: Statistics Canada
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Haines Junction had a population of 688 living in 311 of its 380 total private dwellings, a change of 12.2% from its 2016 population of 613. With a land area of 34.3 km2 (13.2 sq mi), it had a population density of 20.1/km2 (52.0/sq mi) in 2021.
Infrastructure
Haines Junction Airport
By road, Haines Junction is served by the Alaska Highway and the Haines Highway (Yukon Highway 3). By air, it is served by the Haines Junction Airport.
Fibre connections to most homes and businesses are becoming available in late 2022/early 2023. Bell Mobility operates a cellular network tower in the area.
See also
List of municipalities in Yukon
References
^ Your Elected Officials
^ Population and dwelling counts Statistics Canada
^ "Yukon Bureau of Statistics, Population Report Second Quarter, 2022" (PDF). www.yukon.ca. November 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^ Hollinger, Kristy (April 2003). "The Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline" (PDF). www.arlis.org. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^ "Haines Junction YTG" (CSV (2874 KB)). Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2100631. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
^ "Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971". 1971 Census of Canada (PDF). Population. Vol. Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. July 1973. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions" (PDF). Statistics Canada. June 1977. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order" (PDF). Statistics Canada. May 1992. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
^ "1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions" (PDF). Statistics Canada. September 1987. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1992. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1997. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Yukon Territory)". Statistics Canada. August 15, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Yukon Territory)". Statistics Canada. August 20, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Yukon)". Statistics Canada. July 25, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Yukon)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^ a b "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Yukon". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haines Junction.
Official website
Haines Junction travel guide from Wikivoyage
vteSubdivisions of YukonMunicipalities
Carmacks
Dawson City
Faro
Haines Junction
Mayo
Teslin
Watson Lake
Whitehorse (capital)
Unorganized areas
Unorganized Yukon
Communities(unincorporated)
Beaver Creek
Burwash Landing
Carcross
Conrad
Champagne Landing
Destruction Bay
Ibex Valley
Johnsons Crossing
Keno City
Lansdowne
Marsh Lake
Mount Lorne
Old Crow
Pelly Crossing
Ross River
Stewart Crossing
Swift River
Tagish
Two Mile and Two and One-Half Mile Village (formerly Two and One-Half Mile Village and Two Mile Village)
Upper Liard
Ghost towns
Canyon City
Clinton Creek
Elsa
Forty Mile
Grand Forks
Moose Hide
Paris
Snag
Parks
Ivvavik
Kluane
Tombstone
Vuntut
Regions
Klondike
Category:Yukon
Portal:Canada
WikiProject:Canadian Territories | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yukon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon"},{"link_name":"Alaska Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Highway"},{"link_name":"Haines Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haines_Highway"},{"link_name":"2021 Census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-statscan-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Yukon_Bureau_of_Statistics-3"},{"link_name":"Kluane National Park and Reserve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluane_National_Park_and_Reserve"},{"link_name":"Champagne and Aishihik First Nations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_and_Aishihik_First_Nations"}],"text":"Village in Yukon, CanadaHaines Junction is a village in Yukon, Canada. It is at Kilometre 1,632 (historical mile 1016) of the Alaska Highway at its junction with the Haines Highway, hence the name of the community. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 688.[2] However, the Yukon Bureau of Statistics lists the population count for 2022 as 1,018.[3]Haines Junction lies east of Kluane National Park and Reserve. It is a major administrative centre for the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations.","title":"Haines Junction, Yukon"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Southern Tutchone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Tutchone"},{"link_name":"Southern Tutchone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutchone_language"},{"link_name":"Chilkat Pass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilkat_Pass"},{"link_name":"Tlingit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_people"},{"link_name":"Alaska Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Highway"},{"link_name":"Haines, Alaska","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haines,_Alaska"},{"link_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers"},{"link_name":"Fairbanks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"For around two thousand years, the Southern Tutchone people had seasonal hunting and fishing camps in the area of present-day Haines Junction. The original name of the area was \"Dakwakada\", a Southern Tutchone word meaning \"high cache\". It was common for Tutchone people to use raised log caches to store food year-round or temporarily while they hunted and fished in an area.The Haines Junction area was also important for trade between the coastal and interior peoples. It lies at the interior end of the Chilkat Pass, one of only three passes that allowed travel between the coast and the interior, which was used extensively for trade between the coastal Tlingit and Southern Tutchone people.The current town of Haines Junction was established in 1942 and 1943 during the construction of the Alaska Highway (ALCAN). In 1943, a second highway, the Haines Highway, was built to connect the Alaska Highway with the coastal town of Haines, Alaska, over the Chilkat Pass. Situated at the junction of these two highways, Haines Junction was a construction camp and a supply and service centre for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers building the highway. The 626-mile (1,007 km) Haines–Fairbanks petroleum pipeline was constructed in 1953–55, and a pumping station was built just north of Haines Junction.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"subarctic climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate"},{"link_name":"Dfc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification"},{"link_name":"precipitation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation"},{"link_name":"Environment Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_Canada"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ccn-5"}],"sub_title":"Climate","text":"Haines Junction has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with mild summers and long, severely cold and snowy winters, with annual snowfall averaging 64.5 inches (164 cm).Climate data for Haines Junction\n\n\nMonth\n\nJan\n\nFeb\n\nMar\n\nApr\n\nMay\n\nJun\n\nJul\n\nAug\n\nSep\n\nOct\n\nNov\n\nDec\n\nYear\n\n\nRecord high °C (°F)\n\n7.0(44.6)\n\n13.0(55.4)\n\n14.0(57.2)\n\n21.0(69.8)\n\n27.0(80.6)\n\n33.0(91.4)\n\n30.5(86.9)\n\n31.0(87.8)\n\n23.0(73.4)\n\n22.0(71.6)\n\n12.0(53.6)\n\n14.5(58.1)\n\n33.0(91.4)\n\n\nMean daily maximum °C (°F)\n\n−15.3(4.5)\n\n−8.1(17.4)\n\n−0.1(31.8)\n\n8.4(47.1)\n\n—\n\n—\n\n19.1(66.4)\n\n17.1(62.8)\n\n14.0(57.2)\n\n4.8(40.6)\n\n−8.3(17.1)\n\n−10.9(12.4)\n\n2.1(35.8)\n\n\nDaily mean °C (°F)\n\n−20.6(−5.1)\n\n−15.0(5.0)\n\n−7.8(18.0)\n\n0.9(33.6)\n\n—\n\n—\n\n12.5(54.5)\n\n10.6(51.1)\n\n7.2(45.0)\n\n−1.0(30.2)\n\n−13.2(8.2)\n\n−15.9(3.4)\n\n−4.2(24.4)\n\n\nMean daily minimum °C (°F)\n\n−25.9(−14.6)\n\n−21.1(−6.0)\n\n−15.2(4.6)\n\n−6.5(20.3)\n\n—\n\n—\n\n5.9(42.6)\n\n4.0(39.2)\n\n0.4(32.7)\n\n−6.7(19.9)\n\n−17.4(0.7)\n\n−20.5(−4.9)\n\n−10.3(13.5)\n\n\nRecord low °C (°F)\n\n−48.0(−54.4)\n\n−47.5(−53.5)\n\n−42.0(−43.6)\n\n−32.0(−25.6)\n\n−11.0(12.2)\n\n−3.5(25.7)\n\n−1.5(29.3)\n\n−4.0(24.8)\n\n−11.0(12.2)\n\n−27.0(−16.6)\n\n−42.0(−43.6)\n\n−44.5(−48.1)\n\n−48.0(−54.4)\n\n\nAverage precipitation mm (inches)\n\n33.8(1.33)\n\n24.5(0.96)\n\n12.5(0.49)\n\n7.9(0.31)\n\n18.0(0.71)\n\n35.3(1.39)\n\n45.5(1.79)\n\n37.7(1.48)\n\n35.0(1.38)\n\n26.7(1.05)\n\n36.3(1.43)\n\n40.1(1.58)\n\n353.2(13.91)\n\n\nAverage rainfall mm (inches)\n\n0.3(0.01)\n\n0.5(0.02)\n\n0.3(0.01)\n\n2.2(0.09)\n\n15.8(0.62)\n\n35.3(1.39)\n\n45.5(1.79)\n\n37.7(1.48)\n\n33.1(1.30)\n\n11.2(0.44)\n\n2.7(0.11)\n\n4.9(0.19)\n\n189.3(7.45)\n\n\nAverage snowfall cm (inches)\n\n33.6(13.2)\n\n24.0(9.4)\n\n12.2(4.8)\n\n5.7(2.2)\n\n2.2(0.9)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n1.9(0.7)\n\n15.5(6.1)\n\n33.6(13.2)\n\n35.3(13.9)\n\n163.9(64.5)\n\n\nAverage precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)\n\n8.4\n\n5.6\n\n3.5\n\n2.7\n\n5.5\n\n7.8\n\n8.4\n\n8.5\n\n8.7\n\n7.0\n\n8.4\n\n8.3\n\n82.7\n\n\nAverage rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)\n\n0.1\n\n0.2\n\n0.1\n\n0.8\n\n5.2\n\n7.8\n\n8.4\n\n8.5\n\n8.3\n\n3.1\n\n0.3\n\n0.4\n\n43.1\n\n\nAverage snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)\n\n8.4\n\n5.4\n\n3.5\n\n2.0\n\n0.4\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.5\n\n3.8\n\n8.2\n\n8.0\n\n40.2\n\n\nSource: Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010[5]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1991","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"1996","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"2001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"2016","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"2021","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"Statistics Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1971census-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1976census-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1981census-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1986census-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1991census-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1996census-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2001census-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2006census-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2011census-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2016census-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2021census-16"},{"link_name":"2021 Census of Population","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Canadian_census"},{"link_name":"Statistics Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2021census-16"}],"text":"Federal census population history of Haines JunctionYearPop.±%1971183— 1976268+46.4%1981366+36.6%1986340−7.1%1991477+40.3%1996574+20.3%2001531−7.5%2006589+10.9%2011593+0.7%2016613+3.4%2021688+12.2%Source: Statistics Canada[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Haines Junction had a population of 688 living in 311 of its 380 total private dwellings, a change of 12.2% from its 2016 population of 613. With a land area of 34.3 km2 (13.2 sq mi), it had a population density of 20.1/km2 (52.0/sq mi) in 2021.[16]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terminal,_Haines_Junction_airport,_Yukon_2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Alaska Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Highway"},{"link_name":"Haines Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haines_Highway"},{"link_name":"Haines Junction Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haines_Junction_Airport"}],"text":"Haines Junction AirportBy road, Haines Junction is served by the Alaska Highway and the Haines Highway (Yukon Highway 3). By air, it is served by the Haines Junction Airport.Fibre connections to most homes and businesses are becoming available in late 2022/early 2023. Bell Mobility operates a cellular network tower in the area.","title":"Infrastructure"}] | [{"image_text":"Haines Junction Airport","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Terminal%2C_Haines_Junction_airport%2C_Yukon_2.jpg/220px-Terminal%2C_Haines_Junction_airport%2C_Yukon_2.jpg"}] | [{"title":"List of municipalities in Yukon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Yukon"}] | [{"reference":"\"Yukon Bureau of Statistics, Population Report Second Quarter, 2022\" (PDF). www.yukon.ca. November 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://yukon.ca/sites/yukon.ca/files/ybs/fin-population-report-q2-2022.pdf","url_text":"\"Yukon Bureau of Statistics, Population Report Second Quarter, 2022\""}]},{"reference":"Hollinger, Kristy (April 2003). \"The Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline\" (PDF). www.arlis.org. Retrieved 17 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/AlaskaGas/Report4/Report_CEMML_2003_HainesFairbanksPipeline.pdf","url_text":"\"The Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline\""}]},{"reference":"\"Haines Junction YTG\" (CSV (2874 KB)). Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2100631. Retrieved 2014-02-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgftp//[email protected]/Pub/Normals/English/English_CSV_files/YT/YT_BEAV-WHIT_ENG.csv","url_text":"\"Haines Junction YTG\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_Canada","url_text":"Environment Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971\". 1971 Census of Canada (PDF). Population. Vol. Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. July 1973. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS92-702-1971.pdf","url_text":"1971 Census of Canada"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions\" (PDF). Statistics Canada. June 1977. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS92-805-1976.pdf","url_text":"\"1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order\" (PDF). Statistics Canada. May 1992. Retrieved January 30, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS94-905-1981.pdf","url_text":"\"1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions\" (PDF). Statistics Canada. September 1987. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS92-101-1987.pdf","url_text":"\"1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts\" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1992. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-304-1992.pdf","url_text":"\"91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts\" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1997. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2012/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-357-1997.pdf","url_text":"\"96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Yukon Territory)\". Statistics Canada. August 15, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?T=1&SR=1&S=1&O=A&PR=60","url_text":"\"Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Yukon Territory)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Yukon Territory)\". Statistics Canada. August 20, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-550/Index.cfm?TPL=P1C&Page=RETR&LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=1&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=60","url_text":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Yukon Territory)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Yukon)\". Statistics Canada. July 25, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=60","url_text":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Yukon)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Yukon)\". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999","url_text":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Yukon)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]},{"reference":"\"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Yukon\". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000260","url_text":"\"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Yukon\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada","url_text":"Statistics Canada"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Haines_Junction,_Yukon¶ms=60_45_10_N_137_30_24_W_region:CA-YT_type:city(688)","external_links_name":"60°45′10″N 137°30′24″W / 60.75278°N 137.50667°W / 60.75278; -137.50667"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Haines_Junction,_Yukon¶ms=60_45_10_N_137_30_24_W_region:CA-YT_type:city(688)","external_links_name":"60°45′10″N 137°30′24″W / 60.75278°N 137.50667°W / 60.75278; -137.50667"},{"Link":"http://www.hainesjunctionyukon.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"http://www.hainesjunctionyukon.com/index.php/village-council/council/your-elected-officials","external_links_name":"Your Elected Officials"},{"Link":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Haines%20Junction&DGUIDlist=2021A00056001018&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0","external_links_name":"Population and dwelling counts"},{"Link":"https://yukon.ca/sites/yukon.ca/files/ybs/fin-population-report-q2-2022.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Yukon Bureau of Statistics, Population Report Second Quarter, 2022\""},{"Link":"https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/AlaskaGas/Report4/Report_CEMML_2003_HainesFairbanksPipeline.pdf","external_links_name":"\"The Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline\""},{"Link":"ftp://[email protected]/Pub/Normals/English/English_CSV_files/YT/YT_BEAV-WHIT_ENG.csv","external_links_name":"\"Haines Junction YTG\""},{"Link":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS92-702-1971.pdf","external_links_name":"1971 Census of Canada"},{"Link":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS92-805-1976.pdf","external_links_name":"\"1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions\""},{"Link":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS94-905-1981.pdf","external_links_name":"\"1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order\""},{"Link":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS92-101-1987.pdf","external_links_name":"\"1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions\""},{"Link":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-304-1992.pdf","external_links_name":"\"91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts\""},{"Link":"https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2012/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-357-1997.pdf","external_links_name":"\"96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts\""},{"Link":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?T=1&SR=1&S=1&O=A&PR=60","external_links_name":"\"Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Yukon Territory)\""},{"Link":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-550/Index.cfm?TPL=P1C&Page=RETR&LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=1&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=60","external_links_name":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Yukon Territory)\""},{"Link":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=60","external_links_name":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Yukon)\""},{"Link":"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999","external_links_name":"\"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Yukon)\""},{"Link":"https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000260","external_links_name":"\"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Yukon\""},{"Link":"http://www.hainesjunctionyukon.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Turner_(cricketer,_born_2001) | John Turner (cricketer, born 2001) | ["1 References","2 External links"] | South African cricketer
John TurnerPersonal informationFull nameJohn Andrew TurnerBorn (2001-04-10) 10 April 2001 (age 22)Johannesburg, Gauteng, South AfricaHeight6 ft 1 in (185 cm)BattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm fast-mediumRoleBowlerDomestic team information
YearsTeam2021–presentHampshire (squad no. 6)
First-class debut13 May 2022 Hampshire v SLC Development XIList A debut22 July 2021 Hampshire v EssexCareer statistics
Competition
FC
LA
T20
Matches
3
15
12
Runs scored
11
34
1
Batting average
2.75
11.33
–
100s/50s
0/0
0/0
0/0
Top score
7
12
1*
Balls bowled
267
612
242
Wickets
10
27
22
Bowling average
10.50
19.59
12.22
5 wickets in innings
1
2
0
10 wickets in match
0
0
0
Best bowling
5/31
5/25
3/15
Catches/stumpings
0/–
2/–
2/–Source: Cricinfo, 17 August 2023
John Andrew Turner (born 10 April 2001) is a South African cricketer. Turner attended Hilton College, where he was head boy in 2019, and former Hampshire coach Dale Benkenstein was head coach. In April 2020, he was part of Gauteng's Academy intake. The following month, he was due to play in the Southern Premier Cricket League in England, but he did not travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He made his List A debut on 22 July 2021, for Hampshire in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup in England. His first professional dismissal was the wicket of Alastair Cook. He made his first-class debut on 13 May 2022, for Hampshire against the Sri Lanka Cricket Development XI side during their tour of England, taking 5/31 in the first innings. In July 2023, he was drafted into The Hundred by the Trent Rockets.
In August 2023, just 70 days after making his T20 debut, he was called up to the England squad to face New Zealand, but ultimately had to pull out before the series due to injury. In October 2023, he was called up to the England Lions cricket team.
References
^ "John Turner". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
^ "John Turner". Cricket Archive. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
^ "Cricket talent in abundance coming from the Family of @KZN10com Schools". KZN10. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
^ "Central Gauteng Lions have announced their Senior Provincial squads". Cricket World. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
^ "The overseas players likely to be denied a Southern Premier Cricket League debut in 2020". The Portsmouth News. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
^ "Southampton, Jul 22 2021, Royal London One-Day Cup". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
^ "Match Report: Hampshire v Essex Eagles". Essex Cricket. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
^ "Southampton, May 13 - 16, 2022, Sri Lanka Cricket Development XI tour of England". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
^ Roller, Matt (4 July 2023). "Maxwell, Marsh pulled out of the Hundred by Cricket Australia". espncricinfo. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
^ https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-v-nz-t20is-john-turner-on-the-fast-track-after-rapid-england-elevation-1392940
^ https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/england/england_call_up_brydon_carse_after_side_injury_rules_out_john_turner.html
^ "Josh de Caires called up to England Lions squad for first time". 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
External links
John Turner at ESPNcricinfo
vteHampshire County Cricket Club – current squad
3 Organ
5 Weatherley
6 Turner
7 Howell
8 Dawson
9 Eckland (wk)
10 Brown (wk)
13 Barker
14 Vince (c)
15 Albert
19 Middleton
22 Holland
24 Prest
25 Wood
26 Fuller
31 Gubbins
32 Crane
38 Mohammad Abbas
58 Wheal
87 Abbott
— Naveen-ul-Haq
— Neser
— Orr
Coach: Birrell
vteTrent Rockets – current squadMen's
6 Turner
7 Moores (wk)
9 Imad Wasim
10 Hales
14 Wood
16 Cook
19 Rashid Khan
20 Carter
21 Patel
24 Gregory (c)
29 Malan
32 Kohler-Cadmore (wk)
48 Hain
61 Sodhi
66 Root
82 Munro
95 Sams
— Wheal
Women's
2 KH Sciver-Brunt
4 Smith
6 McCarthy
7 Harmanpreet Kaur
9 Potts
10 NR Sciver-Brunt (c)
11 Dattani
12 King
14 Gardner
22 Stonehouse
35 Wilson
48 Gordon
67 Lee
— Groves
— Jones
— Wraith (wk)
Coaches
Flower (Men's)
Lewis (Women's)
This biographical article related to a South African cricket person born in the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"cricketer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Hilton College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_College_(South_Africa)"},{"link_name":"head boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_boy"},{"link_name":"Dale Benkenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Benkenstein"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Gauteng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauteng_(cricket_team)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Southern Premier Cricket League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Premier_Cricket_League"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"List A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_A_cricket"},{"link_name":"Hampshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire_County_Cricket_Club"},{"link_name":"2021 Royal London One-Day Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Royal_London_One-Day_Cup"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Alastair Cook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Cook"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"first-class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_cricket"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"The Hundred","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hundred_(cricket)"},{"link_name":"Trent Rockets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Rockets"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"England Lions cricket team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Lions_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"John Andrew Turner (born 10 April 2001) is a South African cricketer.[1][2] Turner attended Hilton College, where he was head boy in 2019, and former Hampshire coach Dale Benkenstein was head coach.[3] In April 2020, he was part of Gauteng's Academy intake.[4] The following month, he was due to play in the Southern Premier Cricket League in England, but he did not travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[5] He made his List A debut on 22 July 2021, for Hampshire in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup in England.[6] His first professional dismissal was the wicket of Alastair Cook.[7] He made his first-class debut on 13 May 2022, for Hampshire against the Sri Lanka Cricket Development XI side during their tour of England, taking 5/31 in the first innings.[8] In July 2023, he was drafted into The Hundred by the Trent Rockets.[9]In August 2023, just 70 days after making his T20 debut, he was called up to the England squad to face New Zealand, but ultimately had to pull out before the series due to injury.[10][11] In October 2023, he was called up to the England Lions cricket team.[12]","title":"John Turner (cricketer, born 2001)"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"John Turner\". 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_October_1981 | October 1981 Iranian presidential election | ["1 Campaign","2 Results","3 References"] | Third Iranian presidential election
October 1981 Iranian presidential election
← 1981 (Jul)
2 October 1981
1985 →
Registered22,687,017Turnout74.26%
Nominee
Ali Khamenei
Ali-Akbar Parvaresh
Party
IRP
Independent
Alliance
Grand Coalition
—
Popular vote
16,007,072
341,841
Percentage
97.1 %
2.1%
President before election
Mohammad-Ali Rajai
IRP
Elected President
Ali Khamenei
IRP
Presidential elections were held in Iran on 2 October 1981, after the assassination of Mohammad-Ali Rajai, the previous President of Iran, during the interim premiership of Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani. It led to the uncontested victory of Ali Khamenei.
Campaign
Candidates Ali Akbar Parvaresh, Hassan Ghafourifard and Reza Zavare'i publicly endorsed Khamenei for president, stating they will vote for him on television.
Results
October 1981 Iranian presidential election
Party
Candidate
Nohen et al
ISSDP
Votes
%
Votes
%
Islamic Republican Party
Ali Khamenei
16,007,072
95.01
16,008,579
95.05
Islamic Republican Party
Ali Akbar Parvaresh
341,841
2.03
341,874
2.02
Islamic Republican Party
Hassan Ghafourifard
75,658
0.45
80,545
0.48
Islamic Republican Party
Reza Zavare'i
62,156
0.37
59,058
0.35
Blank or invalid votes
360,269
2.14
357,661
2.12
Totals
16,846,996
100
16,847,717
100
References
^ a b c "Second 1981 Presidential Election", The Iran Social Science Data Portal, Princeton University, retrieved 10 August 2015
^ Candidates Voted For Khamenei (in Persian), 17 April 2017, retrieved 5 June 2017 – via Iranian History
^ Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). "Iran". Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN 0-19-924958-X.
vte Elections and referendums in IranSupreme Leader
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List of elections and referendums
vteAli KhameneiPolitics
Ahl Al-Bayt World Assembly
Assassination attempt
October 1981 Iranian presidential election
1985 Iranian presidential election
Supreme Leader of Iran
Statement of 14 Political Activists
Executive Order 13876
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Books and messages
A 250 Years Old Person
An Outline of Islamic Thought in the Quran
Four main books of Biographical-Evaluation
Ghena
Palestine
Ruhe-Tawhid, Nafye Obudiate GheireKhoda
Sharh-e Esm
Fatwa against insulting revered Sunni figures
To the Youth in Europe and North America
To the Youth in Western Countries
Family
Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh (wife)
Mostafa (son)
Mojtaba (son)
Masoud (son)
Javad (father)
Mohammad (brother)
Hadi (brother)
Badri (sister)
Ali Tehrani (brother-in-law)
Farideh Moradkhani (niece)
Mahmoud Moradkhani (nephew)
Co-fathers-in-law:
Azizollah Khoshvaght
Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
Mohsen Kharazi
Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani
Category:Ali Khamenei
This Iranian elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"link_name":"Mohammad-Ali Rajai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad-Ali_Rajai"},{"link_name":"President of Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Iran"},{"link_name":"premiership","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran"},{"link_name":"Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad-Reza_Mahdavi_Kani"},{"link_name":"Ali Khamenei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei"}],"text":"Presidential elections were held in Iran on 2 October 1981, after the assassination of Mohammad-Ali Rajai, the previous President of Iran, during the interim premiership of Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani. It led to the uncontested victory of Ali Khamenei.","title":"October 1981 Iranian presidential election"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ali Akbar Parvaresh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Parvaresh"},{"link_name":"Hassan Ghafourifard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Ghafourifard"},{"link_name":"Reza Zavare'i","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Zavare%27i"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Candidates Ali Akbar Parvaresh, Hassan Ghafourifard and Reza Zavare'i publicly endorsed Khamenei for president, stating they will vote for him on television.[2]","title":"Campaign"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Results"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Second 1981 Presidential Election\", The Iran Social Science Data Portal, Princeton University, retrieved 10 August 2015","urls":[{"url":"http://irandataportal.syr.edu/second-1981-presidential-election","url_text":"\"Second 1981 Presidential Election\""}]},{"reference":"Candidates Voted For Khamenei (in Persian), 17 April 2017, retrieved 5 June 2017 – via Iranian History","urls":[{"url":"http://www.tarikhirani.ir/fa/news/All/bodyView/5817/index.html","url_text":"Candidates Voted For Khamenei"}]},{"reference":"Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). \"Iran\". Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN 0-19-924958-X.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Nohlen","url_text":"Nohlen, Dieter"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-924958-X","url_text":"0-19-924958-X"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://irandataportal.syr.edu/second-1981-presidential-election","external_links_name":"\"Second 1981 Presidential Election\""},{"Link":"http://www.tarikhirani.ir/fa/news/All/bodyView/5817/index.html","external_links_name":"Candidates Voted For Khamenei"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=October_1981_Iranian_presidential_election&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston,_comte_d%27Eu | Gaston, Count of Eu | ["1 Early years","2 Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil","3 Paraguayan War","3.1 Modern critics of Gaston d'Orléans in the war","4 Family life","5 Life as Prince Imperial of Brazil","6 Later years","6.1 End of the Brazilian monarchy","6.2 Exile","6.3 Return to Brazil and death","7 Honors","8 Ancestry","9 References","10 External links"] | French prince (1842–1922)
Prince GastonCount of EuGaston d’Orléans, c. 1880sBorn(1842-04-28)28 April 1842Neuilly-sur-Seine, FranceDied28 August 1922(1922-08-28) (aged 80)Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBurialCathedral of São Pedro de Alcântara, Petrópolis, BrazilSpouse
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
(m. 1864; died 1921)Issue
Prince Pedro
Prince Luís
Prince Antônio Gastão
NamesLouis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston d'OrléansHouseOrléansFatherPrince Louis, Duke of NemoursMotherPrincess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and GothaSignatureCoat of Arms of Gaston, Count of Eu
Prince Gaston of Orleans, Count of Eu (French: Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston; 28 April 1842 – 28 August 1922) was a French prince and military commander who fought in the Spanish-Moroccan War and the Paraguayan War. He was the first son of Louis, Duke of Nemours and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and was married to Princess Isabel, daughter of Pedro II of Brazil and heiress to the Brazilian throne.
Early years
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Gaston d'Orléans at the age of five, by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
Gaston was born Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston of Orléans (Portuguese: Luís Filipe Maria Fernando Gastão de Orleães) on 28 April 1842 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, a suburb of Paris, at the Château de Neuilly. He was the eldest son of Louis, the Duke of Nemours and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His paternal grandparents were King Louis Philippe I, King of the French, and Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies, and his maternal grandparents were Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Maria Antonia von Koháry.
A member of the French royal family, Gaston belonged to the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, that in turn belonged to the Capetian dynasty. A Prince of Orléans, he was titled Count of Eu (comte d'Eu) at birth by his grandfather, King Louis Philippe.
He was a first cousin once removed of both the British Monarch Queen Victoria and of her husband Albert, Prince Consort, through his mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
The prince received a refined education under Julio Gauthier and the historian Auguste Trognon. He learned several foreign languages, which included Latin, English, German and Portuguese.
His grandfather abdicated during the Revolution of 1848. Only five years old at the time, Gaston followed the king and his family who went into exile in Great Britain, establishing themselves in an old mansion at Claremont, in the southern region of England.
In 1855, at the age of 13, Gaston began his military career in an artillery course, concluding in the Military School of Segovia, Spain, where he became a captain. He had moved to Spain, after following his uncle, Antoine, the Duke of Montpensier's orientation. The Duke had lived there since his marriage to Infanta Luisa Fernanda, sister of Queen Isabel II of Spain.
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
Main article: Wedding of Princess Isabel and Gaston, Count of Eu
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Gaston d'Orléans and Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
After years with problems on the border with Morocco caused by constant attacks on Spanish cities by Moroccan pirates, Spain declared war on Morocco. The young Gaston was sent as a subordinate officer to participate in the conflict on the side of the Spanish forces. The Spanish military consisted of more than 40,000 soldiers, while the Moroccan troops numbered about 140,000 men. The Count participated in all of the battles, and after the end of the conflict he returned to Spain with a reputation for his military prowess.
A few years later, his uncle, King Ferdinand II of Portugal proposed that he should marry one of the two daughters of the Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. He agreed to accept the proposal, but only after meeting the princesses. The Emperor's sister, Princess Francisca, who was married to the Count's uncle, the Prince of Joinville, wrote a letter to her brother describing the Count. "If you could grab this one for one of your daughters it would be excellent. He is robust, high, handsome, good natured, very amiable, much instructed, studious, and in addition, he possesses now a small military fame."
Gaston d'Orléans, 1865
Gaston arrived in Rio de Janeiro on 2 September 1864 in the company of his double first cousin, Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and went directly to the Palace of São Cristóvão to meet the Brazilian imperial family. However, Gaston was less than enthusiastic about the two princesses, whom he considered unattractive. Initially, the young Count was promised to Princess Leopoldina and his cousin to Princess Isabel. However, after getting to know them better, the Emperor decided to invert the pairs. Gaston became attached to Isabel. They were married on 15 October 1864. Earlier, Gaston was awarded the Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross and a few days later accepted the honorary presidency of the Brazilian Geographic and Historical Institute.
In 1892, Alfredo d'Escragnolle, Vicomte de Taunay, gave his opinion regarding the two cousins when they first arrived in Brazil. He said that the duke of Saxe "had only interest in spending his life in a lazy and amusing way, he liked a lot of hunting and appreciated a lot the many joys that existed in Europe, while the comte d'Eu with all the defects that I can point at him, cared sincerely and a lot for Brazil and, believe it or not, he still loves it today with intensity and no second intention."
Paraguayan War
War against Paraguay: The Emperor of Brazil with his two sons-in-law, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and the Count of Eu, in Alegrete, southern Brazil (L'Illustration, 1865)
Gaston and Isabel were travelling in Europe on their honeymoon when Paraguayan forces invaded the Brazilian provinces of Mato Grosso and Rio Grande Do Sul. From the city of Uruguaiana in the southern region of Brazil, Pedro II sent a letter to the couple requesting Gaston's presence in Brazil, directing the Count to join him and the Brazilian army, together with the Duke of Saxe.
Uruguaiana had been conquered by the Paraguayan army. The Conde d'Eu, and the Emperor, Pedro II of Brazil, joined President Bartolomé Mitre of Argentina in the Siege of Uruguaiana, which ended 18 September 1865.: 39–40
In his memoirs, the Viscount of Taunay wrote of his experience in the Paraguayan War, along with observances of his fellow soldiers. "While Gaston showed in all occasions a great interest for the things of Brazil, observing, asking, visiting all the places and going after correct and accurate information, while the other did not show anything except for indifference and lack of ambition." He was later nominated general commander of the artillery and president of the Commission of Improvements of the Army on 19 November 1865.
On two occasions throughout the conflict, Gaston sent requests to the Emperor asking him to authorize his participation in the war against Paraguay. The Council of State declined his request. The rationale was a strategic act, believing that the presence of a prince in the conflict would escalate the desire to conquer their country's territories. Additionally, it was unacceptable for the husband of the heiress of the throne to subordinate to a Brazilian military officer, who, at this time, was Luis Alves de Lima and Silva, the Marquis of Caxias, the just-nominated allied commander-in-chief.
Gaston d'Orléans, Count of Eu, at the age of 28
On 22 March 1869, Gaston was assigned to lead as commander-in-chief of the allied armies, after the Marquis of Caxias renounced that position. This delegation of authority was based on the prestige as an officer of high rank, as well as his reputation and well-known capacity in military action.
The choice of Gaston as the new commander-in-chief, at the age of 27, brought joy to the Brazilian public. During this time a great number of Brazilian believed that the conflict and continued hunt for Francisco Solano López, the Paraguayan dictator, was futile and unnecessary. Gaston shared this belief. When he arrived at Paraguay, he reorganized the Brazilian army and fired the officers accused of pillage in enemy territory.
He used diversified tactics to deceive the Paraguayan army about how and where the allied army would carry its attacks. In the opinion of the Viscount of Taunay, Gaston showed "great strategical ability, cool temper, patience of an experienced leader and unquestionable courage." He also participated actively in the battles that occurred, in the Battle of Acosta Ñu, where he suffered great risk of life. It was the Count's idea to definitively extinguish the slavery of approximately 25,000 individuals in Paraguay, many of whom were obliged to fight in the war against the Triple Alliance.
Gaston suffered heavy criticism after he discovered that the brigadier João Manuel Mena Barreto had died in the battle that resulted in the conquest of the village of Piribebuy (Battle of Piribebuy) which at that time was named "the third capital of Paraguay" after the occupation of Asunción and Luque earlier in 1868. He was also criticized for ordering the decapitation of commander Pedro Pablo Caballero and Patricio Marecos, head politician of the village. In September, the Count became greatly depressed, due to the high number of deaths caused by the conflict. Until the end of the war on 1 March 1870, he participated nominally in the action of the allied army. When he returned to Brazil on 29 April 1870, he was received as a war hero. He was also nominated as a member of the Council of State on 6 July of the same year.
Modern critics of Gaston d'Orléans in the war
The painting represents the moment when the Count of Eu is unable to continue the attack against the Paraguayans by his aide-de-camp, Captain Almeida Castro, who holds the reins of the horse ridden by Gaston.
After the 1960s, revisionist historians appeared, portraying the Gaston d'Orléans as a bloodthirsty mass murderer. Some historians, like Júlio Jose Chiavenato, accuse him of having committed war crimes and being most interested in engaging in war, if only to pursue López. Revisionist historians also accuse Gaston of having ordered a grass fire, in order to asphyxiate wounded Paraguayan soldiers who were still in the field after the battle of Acosta Ñu. Chiavenato uses as a source, the memoirs of the Viscount of Taunay.
Recently, it has been found that the memoirs say something completely different. "There were bullets that still blew up in the field because of the fire in the grass that was started in the beginning of the battle by the Paraguayans to occult their tactical movement." There is a mention of an episode, where Gaston ordered the troops to set fire in a hospital full of wounded Paraguayan soldiers that resulted in the death of more than a hundred victims. However, the hospital may have been collateral damage caused by allied bombardment at the beginning of the battle, directed on the Paraguayan military defense and not as the result of a deliberate desire of killing defenseless people.
Family life
From left to right: Gaston, Pedro, Antonio, Isabel and Luís
Although initially disillusioned with the seeming lack of beauty of his wife, Gaston came to love her until the last days of his life, a feeling returned by Isabel. The birth of their son, Pedro, on 15 October 1875, brought much happiness for the couple, who for almost ten years had been unable to conceive. The arrival of their son also served to lighten the pain of the loss of their first child, Luisa Victoria, who died due to complications of childbirth on 28 July 1874.
Although crippled by a defect in the left arm caused by problems in childbirth, Pedro was a very healthy child and would be affectionately called "Baby" by his parents, even as a young adult. The Count always treated his wife with patience, pleasantness and determination to help her pass through the depression she suffered from, presuming that she somehow could have avoided Pedro's birth defect. His happiness became visible in the letter that he wrote to his father soon after the birth of his third child, in which he stated, "We are really happy, grateful and glad. Having two healthy children after so many misfortunes that made me lose any hope of becoming a father, exceeds what I dared myself to expect."
Their third child was a son, Luiz de Orléans e Bragança, born 26 January 1878 and named after Gaston's father. Some years later, this child became Isabel's heir, after his elder brother renounced his succession to the throne. Antonio was the fourth and last son, born on 9 August 1881 in Paris, where the couple had lived for three years. Antonio was nicknamed "Totó" by his family.
The Count was a very simple person and tried to pass this characteristic on to his children. He had a complete aversion to the lifestyle of European nobility and royalty, which he called "futile" and "stupid".
In 1882, Gaston chose Benjamin Franklin Ramiz Galvão, a professor at the School of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro and headmaster of the National Library, to educate his children. The prince recognized the professor's merit and did not care that Benjamin was a republican. Gaston and his wife provided their children with a simple education, allowing them to study at the father Moreira's school in Petropolis, and later at the school Pedro II.
Life as Prince Imperial of Brazil
Gaston d'Orléans, the count of Eu, surrounded by a crowd on his arrival in Belém do Pará, in the northern region of Brazil.
Following his marriage to Isabel, Gaston participated actively in the Brazilian government, making commentaries and offering advice about the development of the country. The idea of living as a mere shadow to his wife deeply dissatisfied him. However, Pedro II never allowed either Gaston nor Isabel to participate in the decisions of the government, and refused to discuss state matters with the couple in any form.
This line of demarcation created serious discord between Gaston and his father-in-law, almost to the point of disruption had not Isabel interceded. She attempted to mediate the misunderstandings between the emperor and her husband. As time passed, Gaston became used to the idea of not having any power. It was 1889, before he was able to constructively discuss politics with his father-in-law for the first time.
Gaston's exclusion from the Brazilian political arena necessitated the pursuit of alternate activities. He and his wife turned their attention toward philanthropic endeavors, choosing to support several charities and social institutions. José Avelino, who participated in the first Brazilian republican constituent, years after the end of the monarchy made several remarks about the Count of Eu.
Whatever was possible to make him earn the title of Brazilian he made it: regulations, projects of law for better organization of the Army and perfecting of its material of war; schools, libraries, orphanages for the abandoned children; everything that could help the unprotected or the diverse groups of the society, he planned or executed for the most part.
Gaston visited almost all of the provinces of the country, more than any other member of the imperial family. He travelled to the southern region, as well as the northeast and the far north of Brazil. By the end of the Empire, he made a great trip to the north of Brazil being very well received by all, showing that the monarchy was still popular. After he returned from the Paraguayan War as Marshal-of-the-Army, he became a member of several foreign and Brazilian associations. He was decorated with the medal of the Surrender of Uruguaiana; the Military Merit; the Campaign of Africa and the grand-crosses of Ernest Pious of Saxony; the Orders of the Tower and Sword of the Value, Loyalty and Merit of Christ and of Saint Bento of Avis of Portugal; the order of Leopold of Belgium; the Order of the Red Eagle of Mexico; and was made a knight of the Order of Saint Fernando of Spain.
Later years
End of the Brazilian monarchy
Military training, 1888. The Count of Eu (mounted, at the middle) was incapable of putting any effective resistance to the republican coup that occurred on 15 November 1889, despite the support of loyal Army officers.
Little did Gaston (first row, third from left to right) know that the Republican leader, Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (to his left), blamed him for the crisis between the government and insubordinate officers.
The Count of Eu with his grandson, Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza during the First World War.
Tomb of Prince Gaston (far right) at the Cathedral of Petrópolis, Brazil.
Gaston was one of the few eyewitnesses of the military coup d'Etát that overthrew the Empire who left written memoirs of it. His three letters – written while he was still in Rio and later aboard the ship that was taking the Imperial family to exile – gives a detailed account of the coup and are one of the main primary sources used by historians. At the night of 14 November 1889 Gaston was in Rio de Janeiro in his home making the preparations to a reception in honor of Chilean Navy officers visiting the city. A Brazilian major came to warn him of something important, but being too busy and not told of how grave the matter was, Gaston did not meet him. At 8 am of the next day, 15 November, he went to ride with his sons in Botafogo (a neighborhood in Rio) "with no preoccupation at all", in his own words. Upon his return, he read all Rio's newspapers and only one mentioned that apparently a mutiny had occurred in the Military Academy and the Cabinet had met to deal with the matter. Little did Gaston know that a rebellion among the Army corps – led by Field Marshal (nowadays Divisional General) Deodoro da Fonseca – had removed from power by force the Cabinet the night before.
Around 9h30 and 10h a.m. Gaston was told by two officers of what had happened. Soon others, including military officers, arrived "with confusing news". Upon hearing, Gaston commented: "In this case, the monarchy has ended." Nonetheless, he dressed himself in his uniform of Marshal of the Army, hoping that it could make the rebels change theirs minds upon seeing their former commander-in-chief in Paraguay. But soon changed back to his civilian clothes when others around him suggested that it would be useless. Senator Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas, a former prime minister, later appeared and told him not to worry and gave his support to the monarchy. Lieutenant André Rebouças, embraced him and told of a plan he had envisioned with Major Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay, to leave to the nearby city of Petrópolis where they could resist the coup. Gaston agreed and tried to reach the telegraph central by telephone to request it to tell Emperor Pedro II to stay in Petrópolis. At that point, however, the republicans had taken control of the telegraph central. Nonetheless, a telegraph message informed them that the Emperor was arriving in Rio. Gaston sent his children to Petrópolis where he believed they would be safe.
Gaston, his wife Isabel and many others, met Pedro II in the City Palace, located in Rio downtown. It was already afternoon and Deodoro da Fonseca as well as the other rebels had returned to their homes. Unbeknownst to Gaston, Deodoro had not overthrown the Emperor, but only the Cabinet and the rebellion seemed to be all over. Pedro II told the prince that he was going to dissolve the rebel battalions. Gaston, far more realistic, complained that the rebels would not simply put their arms down by themselves. He also urged the monarch to form a new cabinet, since the country was effectively without a government. Pedro II did not bother, and told him that he would wait for the prime minister Viscount of Ouro Preto. "But the ministers are prisoners of the rebels: how does Your Majesty wants them to able to continue to govern?", asked the Prince. No matter what Gaston or the politicians and army officers told him, Pedro II did nothing nor allowed anyone to do anything during those precious hours. Tired of waiting, Gaston requested the presence of all Counselors of State to discuss the present and serious situation. As the Emperor refused to meet them, some of the counselors simply gave up and departed.
The ones who stood agreed to send an envoy to Deodoro to make peace with him. A major was sent and met with the rebel leader in his home at 3 am of 16 November, lying down in his bed, very sick. Deodoro told him that now was too late and he had made his mind and that the monarchy was over. He also accused Gaston of being the one responsible for what the rebels regarded as harassment from the government against the Army. That revealed how successful had been the republican propaganda against the prince, who held absolutely no influence or power in the government. The Imperial family was banished and departed to Europe on 17 November. Despite the lack of any will to resist from Pedro II, there was significant monarchist reaction after the fall of the empire, which was thoroughly repressed.
Exile
On 15 November 1889 the Republic was proclaimed in Brazil. The Imperial family was forced into exile, first going in Portugal and later to Normandy, where they settled at the Château d'Eu.
In 1891, Emperor Pedro II died in Paris and his daughter became Empress "Isabel I of Brazil" to the Brazilian Monarchists while, at the same time, the Count of Eu then became Emperor consort. But these titles had little weight and both spouses remained banished from their country.
Return to Brazil and death
It was only in 1921 already as a widower that the Count of Eu could finally set foot back in Brazil. At this occasion he retrieved the bodies of his parents-in-law to bury in the Imperial Mausoleum of the Cathedral of Petrópolis. The following year, the Count of Eu died of natural causes at sea off the coast of Brazil, on 28 August 1922, during a journey that would take him back to Brazil to celebrate the first centenary of independence. His body and that of Princess Isabel returned to Brazil together on 7 July 1953, to be buried in the Imperial Mausoleum of the Cathedral of Petrópolis on 12 May 1971.
Honors
Prince Gaston was Grand Cross of the following Brazilian Orders:
Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
Order of Saint James of the Sword
Order of the Southern Cross
Order of Pedro I
Order of the Rose
He was a recipient of the following foreign honors:
Grand Cross of the Order of Ernest the Pious
Grand Cross of the Austro-Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen
Grand Cross of the Portuguese Order of the Tower and Sword
Grand Cross of the Portuguese Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Grand Cross of the Portuguese Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
Knight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece
Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III
Grand Cordon of the Belgian Order of Leopold
Grand Cross of the French Légion d'honneur
Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle
Grand Cross of the Military Order of Saint Fernando
Knight of the Bavarian Order of Saint Hubert
Ancestry
Ancestors of Gaston, Count of Eu 8. Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans 4. Louis Philippe I of France 9. Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon 2. Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours 10. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 5. Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily 11. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria 1. Prince Gaston, Count of Eu 12. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 6. Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry 13. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf 3. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 14. Ferenc József, Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya 7. Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya 15. Countess Maria Antonia von Waldstein
References
Explanatory notes
^ The complete transcription of the letters can be found in Portuguese on Silva 2005, pp. 345–366. They retell the main events from the Count of Eu's point of view from 2 November 1889 to 4 December.
^ Vice Admiral Francisco Pereira Pinto, Baron of Ivinheima and Field Marshal João de Sousa da Fonseca Costa, Viscount of Penha.
^ The Emperor: "My opinion is to dissolve the battalions." Gaston: "Easy to say, but how does Your Majesty wants to dissolve the corps which has taken arms against Your Majesty? It is needed, first, that Your Majest appoint a cabinet, since the previous has resigned." The Emperor: "But I will not accept those resignations." Gaston: "But the ministers are prisoners of the rebels: how does Your Majesty want them to able to continue to govern?" The Emperor: "But yes! Ouro Preto shall come talk to me." Some time later, Ouro Preto was released and met alone with the Emperor in the palace. The former suggested Pedro II the name of the liberal Senator Gaspar da Silveira Martins (who would later lead a major rebellion against the republic in 1893) as his replacement, which was accepted. Silveira Martins was traveling then, and he was expected to arrive in Rio in three days only. Upon learning that from another person, Gaston complained to Pedro II of the mistake he was making: "How does Your Majesty wants us to stay three days without a government, in the present circumstances?" The Emperor: "They shall wait." Gaston: "But it is said that a provisional government has been created, composed of Deodoro, Bocaiúva and Benjamin Constant. Tomorrow in the morning, is not in this very night, we will see its proclamations posted." The Emperor: "I know that, I know that ." Gaston: "At least summon the Council of State to help you." The Emperor: "Later on."
^ A few examples can be given. On 17 November 1889, upon hearing the news of the Emperor's fall, the 25th Infantry Battalion resisted by attacking the local Republican Club in Desterro (present-day Florianópolis). They were defeated by Republican militias and policemen and several were killed. Others were executed. According to the source, other battalions across the country also unsuccessfully fought against policemen and militias loyal to the Republic (Mônaco Janotti 1986, p. 17). In Rio de Janeiro, on 18 November between 30 and 40 (Topik 2009, p. 409) monarchist soldiers rebelled. (Topik 2009, p. 126) Other monarchists rebellions occurred in Rio. On 18 December 1889, the 2nd Artillery Regiment – around 50 men (Silva 2005, p. 344) – rebelled in a restorationist attempt (Mônaco Janotti 1986, p. 21). It led the government to ban freedom of speech and exile or arrest several monarchist politicians (Mônaco Janotti 1986, p. 22). Another far more serious monarchist rebellion occurred on 14 January 1890 (Topik 2009, p. 126), when 1 Cavalry Regiment, 2 Infantry Regiments and 1 Artillery Battalion (Topik 2009, p. 410) attempted to overthrown the republic (Topik 2009, p. 126) It had more than 100 casualties, and 21 officers and soldiers who took part of it were executed and more monarchist politicians were arrested (Topik 2009, p. 130). The Federalist Revolution, which occurred from 1893 to 1895, between several monarchists and even republicans led by the monarchists Gaspar da Silveira Martins (Brandão 1996, p. 89), Custódio de Melo (Bueno 2003, p. 247) and Saldanha da Gama (Bueno 2003, p. 247) against the republican government resulted in the deaths of 10,000 people.(Bueno 2003, p. 255) In the War of Canudos, out of 20,000 (Bueno 2003, p. 256) illiterate, miserable and superstitious inhabitants of a small town in the Brazilian northeast who dreamed with the return of a "Dom Pedro III",(Mônaco Janotti 1986, p. 154) only 300 survived the massacre caused by government troops during the revolt's suppression in 1897.(Bueno 2003, p. 260)
Citations
^ Hooker, T.D., 2008, The Paraguayan War, Nottingham: Foundry Books, ISBN 1901543153
^ a b c d e f g h i j k
Doratioto, Francisco, Maldita Guerra, Companhia das Letras, 2002
^
Plá, Josefina. Hermano Negro: la Esclavitud em el Paraguay, Madri: Ed. Paraninfa, 1972.
^
Leuchars, Chris: To the bitter end: Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance, Westport (CT) 2002, p. 215–218.
^
Cf. Ricardo Bonalume Neto em: Novas lições do Paraguai. Consulted on 15 September 2008.
^
Cf. Ricardo Bonalume Neto em: Novas lições do Paraguai. Consulted on 15 September 2008.
^
Vainfas, Ronaldo. Dicionário do Brasil Imperial, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002
^ Lyra 1977, Vol 1, p. .
^ a b c Silva 2005, p. 350.
^ Calmon 1975, p. 1580.
^ a b Rangel 1935, p. 395.
^ Silva 2005, pp. 350–351.
^ Calmon 1975, pp. 1580–1581.
^ Rangel 1935, pp. 395–396.
^ a b c d e f g Silva 2005, p. 351.
^ a b Calmon 1975, p. 1581.
^ a b c d e Rangel 1935, p. 396.
^ a b Lyra 1977, Vol 3, p. 105.
^ a b c d Calmon 1975, p. 1582.
^ Rangel 1935, pp. 396–397.
^ Rangel 1935, p. 397.
^ a b c Lyra 1977, Vol 3, p. 101.
^ Topik 2009, p. 135.
^ a b Silva 2005, p. 352.
^ Calmon 1975, pp. 1602–1603.
^ Lyra 1977, Vol 3, pp. 102–104.
^ Rangel 1935, pp. 397–398.
^ a b Calmon 1975, p. 1603.
^ a b Rangel 1935, p. 399.
^ Lyra 1977, Vol 3, pp. 105–106.
^ Calmon 1975, pp. 1605–166.
^ a b Silva 2005, p. 354.
^ Calmon 1975, pp. 1608–1609.
^ Rangel 1935, p. 400.
^ Calmon 1975, pp. 1634–1635.
^ Lyra 1977, Vol 3, p. 112.
^ Rangel 1935, p. 403.
^ Salles 1996, p. 194.
^ a b Sauer 1889, p. 42.
^ "Caballeros de la insigne orden del Toison de Oro", Guóa Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 147, retrieved 4 March 2019
^ "Königliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German), Munich, 1908, p. 9, retrieved 3 December 2019{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Bibliography
Barman, Roderick J (2005). Princesa Isabel: gênero e poder no século XIX (in Portuguese). São Paulo: UNESP. ISBN 978-85-7139-598-5.
Brandão, Adelino (1996). Paraíso perdido: Euclides da Cunha : vida e obra (in Portuguese). São Paulo: IBRASA. ISBN 978-85-348-0041-9.
Bueno, Eduardo (2003). Brasil: uma História (in Portuguese) (1st ed.). São Paulo: Ática. ISBN 978-85-08-08952-9.
Calmon, Pedro (1975). História de D. Pedro II. 5 v (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio.
Lyra, Heitor (1977). História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Ascenção (1825–1870) (in Portuguese). Vol. 1. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
Lyra, Heitor (1977). História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Fastígio (1870–1880) (in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
Lyra, Heitor (1977). História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Declínio (1880–1891) (in Portuguese). Vol. 3. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
Mônaco Janotti, Maria de Lourdes (1986). Os Subversivos da República (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Brasiliense.
Narloch, Leandro (2009). Guia politicamente incorreto do Brasil (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Leya. ISBN 978-85-62936-06-7.
Rangel, Alberto (1935). Gastão de Orléans (o último Conde d'Eu) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional.
Salles, Ricardo (1996). Nostalgia Imperial (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks. OCLC 36598004.
Sauer, Arthur (1889). Almanak Administrativo, Mercantil e Industrial (Almanaque Laemmert) (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert & C. OCLC 36598004.
Silva, Hélio (2005). 1889: A República não esperou o amanhecer (in Portuguese). Porto Alegre: L&PM. ISBN 978-85-254-1344-4.
Topik, Steven C. (2009). Comércio e canhoneiras: Brasil e Estados Unidos na Era dos Impérios (1889–97) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. ISBN 978-85-359-1522-8.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prince Gaston, Count of Eu.
The Count d'Eu and Other Brazilian Officers who Took Part in the Paraguayan War (in Portuguese)
Gaston d'Orléans (1842–1922) (in French)
Gaston, Count of Eu House of OrléansCadet branch of the House of BourbonBorn: 28 April 1842 Died: 28 August 1922
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VacantTitle last held byTeresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies as Empress consort
— TITULAR — Emperor consort of Brazil 5 December 1891 – 14 November 1921
VacantTitle next held byMaria Elisabeth of Bavaria as Empress consort
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IdRef | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spanish-Moroccan War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moroccan_War_(1859)"},{"link_name":"Paraguayan War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_War"},{"link_name":"Louis, Duke of Nemours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Louis,_Duke_of_Nemours"},{"link_name":"Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"Princess Isabel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Pedro II of Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil"}],"text":"Prince Gaston of Orleans, Count of Eu (French: Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston; 28 April 1842 – 28 August 1922) was a French prince and military commander who fought in the Spanish-Moroccan War and the Paraguayan War. He was the first son of Louis, Duke of Nemours and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and was married to Princess Isabel, daughter of Pedro II of Brazil and heiress to the Brazilian throne.","title":"Gaston, Count of Eu"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Count_of_Eu_in_1847_flipped.jpg"},{"link_name":"Franz Xaver Winterhalter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter"},{"link_name":"Neuilly-sur-Seine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine"},{"link_name":"Château de Neuilly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Neuilly"},{"link_name":"Louis, the Duke of Nemours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Louis,_Duke_of_Nemours"},{"link_name":"Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"Louis Philippe I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I"},{"link_name":"Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_the_Two_Sicilies"},{"link_name":"Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"Princess Maria Antonia von Koháry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Koh%C3%A1ry_de_Cs%C3%A1br%C3%A1g"},{"link_name":"French royal family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_France"},{"link_name":"House of Orléans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans"},{"link_name":"House of Bourbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bourbon"},{"link_name":"Capetian dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capetian_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Count of Eu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counts_of_Eu"},{"link_name":"Queen Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria"},{"link_name":"Albert, Prince Consort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort"},{"link_name":"Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"Revolution of 1848","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848"},{"link_name":"Claremont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claremont_(country_house)"},{"link_name":"Segovia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segovia"},{"link_name":"Antoine, the Duke of Montpensier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine,_Duke_of_Montpensier"},{"link_name":"Luisa Fernanda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanta_Luisa_Fernanda,_Duchess_of_Montpensier"},{"link_name":"Isabel II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain"}],"text":"Gaston d'Orléans at the age of five, by Franz Xaver WinterhalterGaston was born Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston of Orléans (Portuguese: Luís Filipe Maria Fernando Gastão de Orleães) on 28 April 1842 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, a suburb of Paris, at the Château de Neuilly. He was the eldest son of Louis, the Duke of Nemours and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His paternal grandparents were King Louis Philippe I, King of the French, and Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies, and his maternal grandparents were Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Maria Antonia von Koháry.A member of the French royal family, Gaston belonged to the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, that in turn belonged to the Capetian dynasty. A Prince of Orléans, he was titled Count of Eu (comte d'Eu) at birth by his grandfather, King Louis Philippe.He was a first cousin once removed of both the British Monarch Queen Victoria and of her husband Albert, Prince Consort, through his mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.The prince received a refined education under Julio Gauthier and the historian Auguste Trognon. He learned several foreign languages, which included Latin, English, German and Portuguese.His grandfather abdicated during the Revolution of 1848. Only five years old at the time, Gaston followed the king and his family who went into exile in Great Britain, establishing themselves in an old mansion at Claremont, in the southern region of England.In 1855, at the age of 13, Gaston began his military career in an artillery course, concluding in the Military School of Segovia, Spain, where he became a captain. He had moved to Spain, after following his uncle, Antoine, the Duke of Montpensier's orientation. The Duke had lived there since his marriage to Infanta Luisa Fernanda, sister of Queen Isabel II of Spain.","title":"Early years"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Izabel_Cristina_de_Orleans_e_Bragan%C3%A7a_e_seu_esposo_(Cole%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Francisco_Rodrigues_FR-09513)_(cropped).jpg"},{"link_name":"Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco"},{"link_name":"declared war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moroccan_War_(1859)"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand II of Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Portugal"},{"link_name":"Emperor Pedro II of Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Princess Francisca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Francisca_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Prince of Joinville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_prince_of_Joinville"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gaston_conde_1865_flipped.jpg"},{"link_name":"Rio de Janeiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro"},{"link_name":"double first cousin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cousin#Double_cousins"},{"link_name":"Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_August_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"Palace of São Cristóvão","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%A7o_de_S%C3%A3o_Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o"},{"link_name":"Princess Leopoldina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Leopoldina_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Princess Isabel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Order of the Southern Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross"},{"link_name":"Alfredo d'Escragnolle, Vicomte de Taunay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_d%27Escragnolle_Taunay"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Gaston d'Orléans and Isabel, Princess Imperial of BrazilAfter years with problems on the border with Morocco caused by constant attacks on Spanish cities by Moroccan pirates, Spain declared war on Morocco. The young Gaston was sent as a subordinate officer to participate in the conflict on the side of the Spanish forces. The Spanish military consisted of more than 40,000 soldiers, while the Moroccan troops numbered about 140,000 men. The Count participated in all of the battles, and after the end of the conflict he returned to Spain with a reputation for his military prowess.A few years later, his uncle, King Ferdinand II of Portugal proposed that he should marry one of the two daughters of the Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. He agreed to accept the proposal, but only after meeting the princesses. The Emperor's sister, Princess Francisca, who was married to the Count's uncle, the Prince of Joinville, wrote a letter to her brother describing the Count. \"If you could grab this one for one of your daughters it would be excellent. He is robust, high, handsome, good natured, very amiable, much instructed, studious, and in addition, he possesses now a small military fame.\"[citation needed]Gaston d'Orléans, 1865Gaston arrived in Rio de Janeiro on 2 September 1864 in the company of his double first cousin, Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and went directly to the Palace of São Cristóvão to meet the Brazilian imperial family. However, Gaston was less than enthusiastic about the two princesses, whom he considered unattractive. Initially, the young Count was promised to Princess Leopoldina and his cousin to Princess Isabel. However, after getting to know them better, the Emperor decided to invert the pairs. Gaston became attached to Isabel. They were married on 15 October 1864. Earlier, Gaston was awarded the Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross and a few days later accepted the honorary presidency of the Brazilian Geographic and Historical Institute.In 1892, Alfredo d'Escragnolle, Vicomte de Taunay, gave his opinion regarding the two cousins when they first arrived in Brazil. He said that the duke of Saxe \"had only interest in spending his life in a lazy and amusing way, he liked a lot of hunting and appreciated a lot the many joys that existed in Europe, while the comte d'Eu with all the defects that I can point at him, cared sincerely and a lot for Brazil and, believe it or not, he still loves it today with intensity and no second intention.\"[citation needed]","title":"Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guerre_contre_le_Paraguay_-_L%27Emperur_de_Br%C3%A9sil_et_seus_deux_gendres,_le_Duc_de_Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha_et_le_Comte_D%27Eu,_au_camp_D%27Alegrete_(D%27apr%C3%A8s_un_dessin_de_M._Maximo_Alv%C3%A8s).jpg"},{"link_name":"Emperor of Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_August_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"Alegrete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alegrete"},{"link_name":"L'Illustration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Illustration"},{"link_name":"invaded the Brazilian provinces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_War"},{"link_name":"Mato Grosso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mato_Grosso"},{"link_name":"Rio Grande Do Sul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_Do_Sul"},{"link_name":"Uruguaiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguaiana"},{"link_name":"Bartolomé Mitre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre"},{"link_name":"Argentina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina"},{"link_name":"Siege of Uruguaiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Uruguaiana"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hooker-1"},{"link_name":"Viscount of Taunay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscount_of_Taunay"},{"link_name":"Paraguayan War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_War"},{"link_name":"August Luis, duke of Saxe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_August_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Luis Alves de Lima and Silva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alves_de_Lima_e_Silva"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gaston_conde_1870_001.JPG"},{"link_name":"Francisco Solano López","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Solano_L%C3%B3pez_(politician)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Battle of Acosta Ñu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Acosta_%C3%91u"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Paraguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pl%C3%A1_1972-3"},{"link_name":"João Manuel Mena Barreto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Manuel_Mena_Barreto"},{"link_name":"Piribebuy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piribebuy"},{"link_name":"Battle of Piribebuy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Piribebuy"},{"link_name":"Asunción","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuncion"},{"link_name":"Luque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luque"},{"link_name":"1868","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"}],"text":"War against Paraguay: The Emperor of Brazil with his two sons-in-law, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and the Count of Eu, in Alegrete, southern Brazil (L'Illustration, 1865)Gaston and Isabel were travelling in Europe on their honeymoon when Paraguayan forces invaded the Brazilian provinces of Mato Grosso and Rio Grande Do Sul. From the city of Uruguaiana in the southern region of Brazil, Pedro II sent a letter to the couple requesting Gaston's presence in Brazil, directing the Count to join him and the Brazilian army, together with the Duke of Saxe.Uruguaiana had been conquered by the Paraguayan army. The Conde d'Eu, and the Emperor, Pedro II of Brazil, joined President Bartolomé Mitre of Argentina in the Siege of Uruguaiana, which ended 18 September 1865.[1]: 39–40In his memoirs, the Viscount of Taunay wrote of his experience in the Paraguayan War, along with observances of his fellow soldiers. \"While Gaston showed in all occasions a great interest for the things of Brazil, observing, asking, visiting all the places and going after correct and accurate information, while the other [August Luis, duke of Saxe] did not show anything except for indifference and lack of ambition.\"[citation needed] He was later nominated general commander of the artillery and president of the Commission of Improvements of the Army on 19 November 1865.On two occasions throughout the conflict, Gaston sent requests to the Emperor asking him to authorize his participation in the war against Paraguay. The Council of State declined his request. The rationale was a strategic act, believing that the presence of a prince in the conflict would escalate the desire to conquer their country's territories. Additionally, it was unacceptable for the husband of the heiress of the throne to subordinate to a Brazilian military officer, who, at this time, was Luis Alves de Lima and Silva, the Marquis of Caxias, the just-nominated allied commander-in-chief.Gaston d'Orléans, Count of Eu, at the age of 28On 22 March 1869, Gaston was assigned to lead as commander-in-chief of the allied armies, after the Marquis of Caxias renounced that position. This delegation of authority was based on the prestige as an officer of high rank, as well as his reputation and well-known capacity in military action.The choice of Gaston as the new commander-in-chief, at the age of 27, brought joy to the Brazilian public. During this time a great number of Brazilian believed that the conflict and continued hunt for Francisco Solano López, the Paraguayan dictator, was futile and unnecessary. Gaston shared this belief. When he arrived at Paraguay, he reorganized the Brazilian army and fired the officers accused of pillage in enemy territory.He used diversified tactics to deceive the Paraguayan army about how and where the allied army would carry its attacks. In the opinion of the Viscount of Taunay, Gaston showed \"great strategical ability, cool temper, patience of an experienced leader and unquestionable courage.\"[citation needed] He also participated actively in the battles that occurred, in the Battle of Acosta Ñu, where he suffered great risk of life.[2] It was the Count's idea[citation needed] to definitively extinguish the slavery of approximately 25,000 individuals in Paraguay, many of whom were obliged to fight in the war against the Triple Alliance.[3]Gaston suffered heavy criticism after he discovered that the brigadier João Manuel Mena Barreto had died in the battle that resulted in the conquest of the village of Piribebuy (Battle of Piribebuy) which at that time was named \"the third capital of Paraguay\" after the occupation of Asunción and Luque earlier in 1868. He was also criticized for ordering the decapitation of commander Pedro Pablo Caballero and Patricio Marecos, head politician of the village.[2] In September, the Count became greatly depressed, due to the high number of deaths caused by the conflict. Until the end of the war on 1 March 1870, he participated nominally in the action of the allied army.[2] When he returned to Brazil on 29 April 1870, he was received as a war hero. He was also nominated as a member of the Council of State on 6 July of the same year.","title":"Paraguayan War"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Batalha_de_Campo_Grande_-_1871.jpg"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leuchars_2002-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Neto_a-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Neto_b-6"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"}],"sub_title":"Modern critics of Gaston d'Orléans in the war","text":"The painting represents the moment when the Count of Eu is unable to continue the attack against the Paraguayans by his aide-de-camp, Captain Almeida Castro, who holds the reins of the horse ridden by Gaston.After the 1960s, revisionist historians appeared, portraying the Gaston d'Orléans as a bloodthirsty mass murderer.[4] Some historians, like Júlio Jose Chiavenato, accuse him of having committed war crimes and being most interested in engaging in war, if only to pursue López. Revisionist historians also accuse Gaston of having ordered a grass fire, in order to asphyxiate wounded Paraguayan soldiers who were still in the field after the battle of Acosta Ñu. Chiavenato uses as a source, the memoirs of the Viscount of Taunay.Recently, it has been found that the memoirs say something completely different. \"There were bullets that still blew up in the field because of the fire in the grass that was started in the beginning of the battle by the Paraguayans to occult their tactical movement.\"[5][6] There is a mention of an episode, where Gaston ordered the troops to set fire in a hospital full of wounded Paraguayan soldiers that resulted in the death of more than a hundred victims. However, the hospital may have been collateral damage caused by allied bombardment at the beginning of the battle, directed on the Paraguayan military defense and not as the result of a deliberate desire of killing defenseless people.[2]","title":"Paraguayan War"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Conde_Eu_Princesa_Isabel_filhos_1885.jpg"},{"link_name":"Pedro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Pedro_de_Alcantara_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-Braganza"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Luiz de Orléans e Bragança","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Lu%C3%ADs_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-Braganza_(1878%E2%80%931920)"},{"link_name":"Antonio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Orl%C3%A9ans_e_Bragan%C3%A7a"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Vainfas_2002-7"}],"text":"From left to right: Gaston, Pedro, Antonio, Isabel and LuísAlthough initially disillusioned with the seeming lack of beauty of his wife, Gaston came to love her until the last days of his life, a feeling returned by Isabel. The birth of their son, Pedro, on 15 October 1875, brought much happiness for the couple, who for almost ten years had been unable to conceive. The arrival of their son also served to lighten the pain of the loss of their first child, Luisa Victoria, who died due to complications of childbirth on 28 July 1874.[2]Although crippled by a defect in the left arm caused by problems in childbirth, Pedro was a very healthy child and would be affectionately called \"Baby\" by his parents, even as a young adult.[2] The Count always treated his wife with patience, pleasantness and determination to help her pass through the depression she suffered from, presuming that she somehow could have avoided Pedro's birth defect. His happiness became visible in the letter that he wrote to his father soon after the birth of his third child, in which he stated, \"We are really happy, grateful and glad. Having two healthy children after so many misfortunes that made me lose any hope of becoming a father, exceeds what I dared myself to expect.\"[citation needed]Their third child was a son, Luiz de Orléans e Bragança, born 26 January 1878 and named after Gaston's father. Some years later, this child became Isabel's heir, after his elder brother renounced his succession to the throne. Antonio was the fourth and last son, born on 9 August 1881 in Paris, where the couple had lived for three years. Antonio was nicknamed \"Totó\" by his family.The Count was a very simple person and tried to pass this characteristic on to his children. He had a complete aversion to the lifestyle of European nobility and royalty, which he called \"futile\" and \"stupid\".[2]In 1882, Gaston chose Benjamin Franklin Ramiz Galvão, a professor at the School of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro and headmaster of the National Library, to educate his children. The prince recognized the professor's merit and did not care that Benjamin was a republican. Gaston and his wife provided their children with a simple education, allowing them to study at the father Moreira's school in Petropolis, and later at the school Pedro II.[7]","title":"Family life"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Conde_Eu_viagem_norte_Brasil_1889.jpg"},{"link_name":"Belém do Pará","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_do_Par%C3%A1"},{"link_name":"line of demarcation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarcation_line"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_1[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2012]]%3Csup_class=%22noprint_Inline-Template_%22_style=%22white-space:nowrap;%22%3E[%3Ci%3E[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|%3Cspan_title=%22This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears. (February_2012)%22%3Epage needed%3C/span%3E]]%3C/i%3E]%3C/sup%3E-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"},{"link_name":"Marshal-of-the-Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshal_(Brazil)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Doratioto_2002-2"}],"text":"Gaston d'Orléans, the count of Eu, surrounded by a crowd on his arrival in Belém do Pará, in the northern region of Brazil.Following his marriage to Isabel, Gaston participated actively in the Brazilian government, making commentaries and offering advice about the development of the country. The idea of living as a mere shadow to his wife deeply dissatisfied him. However, Pedro II never allowed either Gaston nor Isabel to participate in the decisions of the government, and refused to discuss state matters with the couple in any form.This line of demarcation created serious discord between Gaston and his father-in-law, almost to the point of disruption had not Isabel interceded. She attempted to mediate the misunderstandings between the emperor and her husband. As time passed, Gaston became used to the idea of not having any power. It was 1889, before he was able to constructively discuss politics with his father-in-law for the first time.[2]Gaston's exclusion from the Brazilian political arena necessitated the pursuit of alternate activities. He and his wife turned their attention toward philanthropic endeavors, choosing to support several charities and social institutions.[2] José Avelino, who participated in the first Brazilian republican constituent, years after the end of the monarchy made several remarks about the Count of Eu.Whatever was possible to make him earn the title of Brazilian he made it: regulations, projects of law for better organization of the Army and perfecting of its material of war; schools, libraries, orphanages for the abandoned children; everything that could help the unprotected or the diverse groups of the society, he planned or executed for the most part.[8]Gaston visited almost all of the provinces of the country, more than any other member of the imperial family. He travelled to the southern region, as well as the northeast and the far north of Brazil. By the end of the Empire, he made a great trip to the north of Brazil being very well received by all, showing that the monarchy was still popular.[2] After he returned from the Paraguayan War as Marshal-of-the-Army, he became a member of several foreign and Brazilian associations. He was decorated with the medal of the Surrender of Uruguaiana; the Military Merit; the Campaign of Africa and the grand-crosses of Ernest Pious of Saxony; the Orders of the Tower and Sword of the Value, Loyalty and Merit of Christ and of Saint Bento of Avis of Portugal; the order of Leopold of Belgium; the Order of the Red Eagle of Mexico; and was made a knight of the Order of Saint Fernando of Spain.[2]","title":"Life as Prince Imperial of Brazil"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Later years"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Count_of_Eu_and_Brazilian_soldiers.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Count_of_Eu_and_Deodoro_da_Fonseca.jpg"},{"link_name":"Deodoro da Fonseca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodoro_da_Fonseca"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eu_pierre.jpg"},{"link_name":"Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Pedro_Gast%C3%A3o_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-Braganza"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Petropolis-Cathedral1.jpg"},{"link_name":"Cathedral of Petrópolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_Petr%C3%B3polis"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005350-10"},{"link_name":"Botafogo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005350-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751580-11"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935395-12"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005350-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935395-12"},{"link_name":"[b]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005350%E2%80%93351-14"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751580%E2%80%931581-15"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935395%E2%80%93396-16"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005351-17"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751581-18"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935396-19"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935396-19"},{"link_name":"Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Pinto_de_Sousa_Dantas"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005351-17"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935396-19"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3105-20"},{"link_name":"André Rebouças","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Rebou%C3%A7as"},{"link_name":"Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_d%27Escragnolle_Taunay"},{"link_name":"Petrópolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3polis"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005351-17"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751581-18"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935396-19"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005351-17"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751582-21"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005351-17"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935396-19"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751582-21"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751582-21"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935396%E2%80%93397-22"},{"link_name":"City Palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%A7o_Imperial"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005351-17"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751582-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935397-23"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3101-24"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTETopik2009135-25"},{"link_name":"[c]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005352-27"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751602%E2%80%931603-28"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3102%E2%80%93104-29"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935397%E2%80%93398-30"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3101-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005352-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751603-31"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005351-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3105-20"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751603-31"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935399-32"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3105%E2%80%93106-33"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751605%E2%80%93166-34"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935399-32"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005354-35"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3101-24"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2005354-35"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751608%E2%80%931609-36"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935400-37"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalmon19751634%E2%80%931635-38"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyra_1977,_Vol_3112-39"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangel1935403-40"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalles1996194-41"},{"link_name":"[d]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"}],"sub_title":"End of the Brazilian monarchy","text":"Military training, 1888. The Count of Eu (mounted, at the middle) was incapable of putting any effective resistance to the republican coup that occurred on 15 November 1889, despite the support of loyal Army officers.Little did Gaston (first row, third from left to right) know that the Republican leader, Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (to his left), blamed him for the crisis between the government and insubordinate officers.The Count of Eu with his grandson, Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza during the First World War.Tomb of Prince Gaston (far right) at the Cathedral of Petrópolis, Brazil.Gaston was one of the few eyewitnesses of the military coup d'Etát that overthrew the Empire who left written memoirs of it. His three letters – written while he was still in Rio and later aboard the ship that was taking the Imperial family to exile – gives a detailed account of the coup and are one of the main primary sources used by historians.[a] At the night of 14 November 1889 Gaston was in Rio de Janeiro in his home making the preparations to a reception in honor of Chilean Navy officers visiting the city. A Brazilian major came to warn him of something important, but being too busy and not told of how grave the matter was, Gaston did not meet him.[9] At 8 am of the next day, 15 November, he went to ride with his sons in Botafogo (a neighborhood in Rio) \"with no preoccupation at all\", in his own words.[9][10][11] Upon his return, he read all Rio's newspapers and only one mentioned that apparently a mutiny had occurred in the Military Academy and the Cabinet had met to deal with the matter.[9][11] Little did Gaston know that a rebellion among the Army corps – led by Field Marshal (nowadays Divisional General) Deodoro da Fonseca – had removed from power by force the Cabinet the night before.Around 9h30 and 10h a.m. Gaston was told by two officers[b] of what had happened. Soon others, including military officers, arrived \"with confusing news\".[12][13][14] Upon hearing, Gaston commented: \"In this case, the monarchy has ended.\"[15][16][17] Nonetheless, he dressed himself in his uniform of Marshal of the Army, hoping that it could make the rebels change theirs minds upon seeing their former commander-in-chief in Paraguay. But soon changed back to his civilian clothes when others around him suggested that it would be useless.[17] Senator Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas, a former prime minister, later appeared and told him not to worry and gave his support to the monarchy.[15][17][18] Lieutenant André Rebouças, embraced him and told of a plan he had envisioned with Major Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay, to leave to the nearby city of Petrópolis where they could resist the coup.[15][16][17] Gaston agreed and tried to reach the telegraph central by telephone to request it to tell Emperor Pedro II to stay in Petrópolis. At that point, however, the republicans had taken control of the telegraph central.[15][19] Nonetheless, a telegraph message informed them that the Emperor was arriving in Rio.[15][17][19] Gaston sent his children to Petrópolis where he believed they would be safe.[19][20]Gaston, his wife Isabel and many others, met Pedro II in the City Palace, located in Rio downtown.[15][19][21] It was already afternoon and Deodoro da Fonseca as well as the other rebels had returned to their homes. Unbeknownst to Gaston, Deodoro had not overthrown the Emperor, but only the Cabinet and the rebellion seemed to be all over.[22][23] Pedro II told the prince that he was going to dissolve the rebel battalions. Gaston, far more realistic, complained that the rebels would not simply put their arms down by themselves. He also urged the monarch to form a new cabinet, since the country was effectively without a government. Pedro II did not bother, and told him that he would wait for the prime minister Viscount of Ouro Preto. \"But the ministers are prisoners of the rebels: how does Your Majesty wants them to able to continue to govern?\", asked the Prince.[c][24][25][26][27] No matter what Gaston or the politicians and army officers told him, Pedro II did nothing nor allowed anyone to do anything during those precious hours.[22][24][28] Tired of waiting, Gaston requested the presence of all Counselors of State to discuss the present and serious situation.[15][18][28][29] As the Emperor refused to meet them,[30][31] some of the counselors simply gave up and departed.[29][32]The ones who stood agreed to send an envoy to Deodoro to make peace with him. A major was sent and met with the rebel leader in his home at 3 am of 16 November, lying down in his bed, very sick. Deodoro told him that now was too late and he had made his mind and that the monarchy was over. He also accused Gaston of being the one responsible for what the rebels regarded as harassment from the government against the Army. That revealed how successful had been the republican propaganda against the prince, who held absolutely no influence or power in the government.[22][32][33][34] The Imperial family was banished and departed to Europe on 17 November.[35][36][37] Despite the lack of any will to resist from Pedro II, there was significant monarchist reaction after the fall of the empire, which was thoroughly repressed.[38][d]","title":"Later years"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Normandy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy"},{"link_name":"Château d'Eu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Eu"},{"link_name":"Isabel I of Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Exile","text":"On 15 November 1889 the Republic was proclaimed in Brazil. The Imperial family was forced into exile, first going in Portugal and later to Normandy, where they settled at the Château d'Eu.In 1891, Emperor Pedro II died in Paris and his daughter became Empress \"Isabel I of Brazil\" to the Brazilian Monarchists while, at the same time, the Count of Eu then became Emperor consort. But these titles had little weight and both spouses remained banished from their country.[citation needed]","title":"Later years"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cathedral of Petrópolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_Petr%C3%B3polis"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Return to Brazil and death","text":"It was only in 1921 already as a widower that the Count of Eu could finally set foot back in Brazil. At this occasion he retrieved the bodies of his parents-in-law to bury in the Imperial Mausoleum of the Cathedral of Petrópolis. The following year, the Count of Eu died of natural causes at sea off the coast of Brazil, on 28 August 1922, during a journey that would take him back to Brazil to celebrate the first centenary of independence. His body and that of Princess Isabel returned to Brazil together on 7 July 1953, to be buried in the Imperial Mausoleum of the Cathedral of Petrópolis on 12 May 1971.[citation needed]","title":"Later years"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESauer188942-43"},{"link_name":"Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Christ_(Brazil)"},{"link_name":"Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Aviz_(Brazil)"},{"link_name":"Order of Saint James of the Sword","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_(Brazil)"},{"link_name":"Order of the Southern Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross"},{"link_name":"Order of Pedro I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Pedro_I"},{"link_name":"Order of the Rose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Rose"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESauer188942-43"},{"link_name":"Order of Ernest the Pious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxe-Ernestine_House_Order"},{"link_name":"Order of Saint Stephen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Order of the Tower and Sword","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Tower_and_Sword"},{"link_name":"Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)"},{"link_name":"Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Aviz"},{"link_name":"Order of the Golden Fleece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Charles_III"},{"link_name":"Order of Leopold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)"},{"link_name":"Légion d'honneur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur"},{"link_name":"Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Imperial_Orders#Order_of_the_Mexican_Eagle"},{"link_name":"Military Order of Saint Fernando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laureate_Cross_of_Saint_Ferdinand"},{"link_name":"Order of Saint Hubert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Hubert"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"}],"text":"Prince Gaston was Grand Cross of the following Brazilian Orders:[39]Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ\nOrder of Saint Benedict of Aviz\nOrder of Saint James of the Sword\nOrder of the Southern Cross\nOrder of Pedro I\nOrder of the RoseHe was a recipient of the following foreign honors:[39]Grand Cross of the Order of Ernest the Pious\nGrand Cross of the Austro-Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen\nGrand Cross of the Portuguese Order of the Tower and Sword\nGrand Cross of the Portuguese Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ\nGrand Cross of the Portuguese Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz\nKnight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece[40]\nGrand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III\nGrand Cordon of the Belgian Order of Leopold\nGrand Cross of the French Légion d'honneur\nGrand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle\nGrand Cross of the Military Order of Saint Fernando\nKnight of the Bavarian Order of Saint Hubert[41]","title":"Honors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans"},{"link_name":"Louis Philippe I of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I"},{"link_name":"Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Marie_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon"},{"link_name":"Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Louis,_Duke_of_Nemours"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies"},{"link_name":"Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Naples_and_Sicily"},{"link_name":"Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria"},{"link_name":"Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha-Koh%C3%A1ry"},{"link_name":"Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Augusta_Reuss_of_Ebersdorf"},{"link_name":"Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha"},{"link_name":"Ferenc József, Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_J%C3%B3zsef,_Prince_Koh%C3%A1ry_de_Cs%C3%A1br%C3%A1g_et_Szitnya"},{"link_name":"Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonia_Koh%C3%A1ry_de_Cs%C3%A1br%C3%A1g_et_Szitnya"},{"link_name":"Countess Maria Antonia von Waldstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Maria_Antonia_von_Waldstein"}],"text":"Ancestors of Gaston, Count of Eu 8. Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans 4. Louis Philippe I of France 9. Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon 2. Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours 10. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 5. Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily 11. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria 1. Prince Gaston, Count of Eu 12. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 6. Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry 13. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf 3. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 14. Ferenc József, Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya 7. Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya 15. Countess Maria Antonia von Waldstein","title":"Ancestry"}] | [{"image_text":"Gaston d'Orléans at the age of five, by Franz Xaver Winterhalter","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Count_of_Eu_in_1847_flipped.jpg/170px-Count_of_Eu_in_1847_flipped.jpg"},{"image_text":"Gaston d'Orléans and Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Izabel_Cristina_de_Orleans_e_Bragan%C3%A7a_e_seu_esposo_%28Cole%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Francisco_Rodrigues_FR-09513%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Izabel_Cristina_de_Orleans_e_Bragan%C3%A7a_e_seu_esposo_%28Cole%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Francisco_Rodrigues_FR-09513%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Gaston d'Orléans, 1865","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gaston_conde_1865_flipped.jpg/140px-Gaston_conde_1865_flipped.jpg"},{"image_text":"War against Paraguay: The Emperor of Brazil with his two sons-in-law, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and the Count of Eu, in Alegrete, southern Brazil (L'Illustration, 1865)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Guerre_contre_le_Paraguay_-_L%27Emperur_de_Br%C3%A9sil_et_seus_deux_gendres%2C_le_Duc_de_Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha_et_le_Comte_D%27Eu%2C_au_camp_D%27Alegrete_%28D%27apr%C3%A8s_un_dessin_de_M._Maximo_Alv%C3%A8s%29.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg"},{"image_text":"Gaston d'Orléans, Count of Eu, at the age of 28","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Gaston_conde_1870_001.JPG/220px-Gaston_conde_1870_001.JPG"},{"image_text":"The painting represents the moment when the Count of Eu is unable to continue the attack against the Paraguayans by his aide-de-camp, Captain Almeida Castro, who holds the reins of the horse ridden by Gaston.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Batalha_de_Campo_Grande_-_1871.jpg/220px-Batalha_de_Campo_Grande_-_1871.jpg"},{"image_text":"From left to right: Gaston, Pedro, Antonio, Isabel and Luís","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Conde_Eu_Princesa_Isabel_filhos_1885.jpg/170px-Conde_Eu_Princesa_Isabel_filhos_1885.jpg"},{"image_text":"Gaston d'Orléans, the count of Eu, surrounded by a crowd on his arrival in Belém do Pará, in the northern region of Brazil.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Conde_Eu_viagem_norte_Brasil_1889.jpg/220px-Conde_Eu_viagem_norte_Brasil_1889.jpg"},{"image_text":"Military training, 1888. The Count of Eu (mounted, at the middle) was incapable of putting any effective resistance to the republican coup that occurred on 15 November 1889, despite the support of loyal Army officers.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Count_of_Eu_and_Brazilian_soldiers.jpg/250px-Count_of_Eu_and_Brazilian_soldiers.jpg"},{"image_text":"Little did Gaston (first row, third from left to right) know that the Republican leader, Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (to his left), blamed him for the crisis between the government and insubordinate officers.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Count_of_Eu_and_Deodoro_da_Fonseca.jpg/250px-Count_of_Eu_and_Deodoro_da_Fonseca.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Count of Eu with his grandson, Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza during the First World War.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Eu_pierre.jpg/220px-Eu_pierre.jpg"},{"image_text":"Tomb of Prince Gaston (far right) at the Cathedral of Petrópolis, Brazil.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Petropolis-Cathedral1.jpg/220px-Petropolis-Cathedral1.jpg"},{"image_text":"Brazilian Imperial coat of arms","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg/110px-CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Caballeros de la insigne orden del Toison de Oro\", Guóa Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 147, retrieved 4 March 2019","urls":[{"url":"http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es","url_text":"\"Caballeros de la insigne orden del Toison de Oro\""}]},{"reference":"\"Königliche Orden\", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German), Munich, 1908, p. 9, retrieved 3 December 2019","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00landgoog/page/n39","url_text":"\"Königliche Orden\""}]},{"reference":"Barman, Roderick J (2005). Princesa Isabel: gênero e poder no século XIX (in Portuguese). São Paulo: UNESP. ISBN 978-85-7139-598-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-7139-598-5","url_text":"978-85-7139-598-5"}]},{"reference":"Brandão, Adelino (1996). Paraíso perdido: Euclides da Cunha : vida e obra (in Portuguese). São Paulo: IBRASA. ISBN 978-85-348-0041-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0041-9","url_text":"978-85-348-0041-9"}]},{"reference":"Bueno, Eduardo (2003). Brasil: uma História (in Portuguese) (1st ed.). São Paulo: Ática. 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Os Subversivos da República (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Brasiliense.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Narloch, Leandro (2009). Guia politicamente incorreto do Brasil (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Leya. ISBN 978-85-62936-06-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-62936-06-7","url_text":"978-85-62936-06-7"}]},{"reference":"Rangel, Alberto (1935). Gastão de Orléans (o último Conde d'Eu) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Salles, Ricardo (1996). Nostalgia Imperial (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks. OCLC 36598004.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36598004","url_text":"36598004"}]},{"reference":"Sauer, Arthur (1889). Almanak Administrativo, Mercantil e Industrial (Almanaque Laemmert) (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert & C. OCLC 36598004.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36598004","url_text":"36598004"}]},{"reference":"Silva, Hélio (2005). 1889: A República não esperou o amanhecer (in Portuguese). Porto Alegre: L&PM. ISBN 978-85-254-1344-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-254-1344-4","url_text":"978-85-254-1344-4"}]},{"reference":"Topik, Steven C. (2009). Comércio e canhoneiras: Brasil e Estados Unidos na Era dos Impérios (1889–97) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Lorraine | Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine | ["1 Biography","2 Ancestry","3 References and notes"] | Hereditary Prince of Lorraine
LouisHereditary Prince of LorraineLouis by Pierre Gobert,Born(1704-01-28)28 January 1704Château de Lunéville, LorraineDied10 May 1711(1711-05-10) (aged 7)Château de Lunéville, LorraineBurialÉglise Saint-François-des-CordeliersHouseLorraineFatherLeopold, Duke of LorraineMotherÉlisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans
Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (28 January 1704 – 10 May 1711) was heir apparent to the throne of the sovereign Duchy of Lorraine.
His father was the reigning Duke of Lorraine and his mother a member of the House of Bourbon, then ruling the Kingdom of France. He became the Hereditary Prince at his birth in 1704, but died of smallpox in 1711 at the age of seven, unmarried and without descendants.
Biography
He was born at the Château de Lunéville to Léopold, Duke of Lorraine and his wife Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans.
Louis was the fifth child but second son born to his parents. Also, Louis was the second of the four heirs of his father: his older brother Prince Léopold, Duke of Bar (26 August 1699 – 2 April 1700) died aged eight months; his younger brother Léopold Clément Charles (25 April 1707 – 4 June 1723) died aged sixteen and his younger brother François Etienne/Stephen lived to adulthood, became the Duke of Lorraine and also, by union, became Holy Roman Emperor and founded the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
Soon after his birth, on 24 June 1704, the young prince was baptised as a Roman Catholic at the Château de Lunéville. He did not see the deaths of two of his siblings: Louis, Duke of Bar (26 August 1699 – 2 April 1700) and Princess Louise Christine (13 November 1701 – 18 November 1701) both died before reaching the age of one. By the time of his birth, however, two sisters had survived.
An epidemic of smallpox was going around Europe in the Spring of 1711. It had already killed people like the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I (who died on 17 April) and the Grand Dauphin, Louis (who died on 14 April). Unfortunately, against all efforts, Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Lorraine, Louis' older sister, contracted smallpox and died on 4 May. Before this, she passed the disease on to Louis and Princess Marie Gabrièle Charlotte. Louis died on 10 May and Marie Gabrièle Charlotte died the very next day. They were both buried in the ducal crypt at the Église Saint-François-des-Cordeliers. At Louis' death, his younger brother Léopold Clement Charles became Hereditary Prince, but he, too died of smallpox in 1723, at the age of sixteen.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine 16. Francis II, Duke of Lorraine 8. Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine 17. Countess Christina of Salm 4. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine 18. Henry II, Duke of Lorraine 9. Claude Françoise of Lorraine 19. Margerita Gonzaga 2. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine 20. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 10. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 21. Maria Anna of Bavaria 5. Eleonora Maria of Austria 22. Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers 11. Eleanor Gonzaga 23. Maria Gonzaga 1. Louis de Lorraine 24. Henry IV of France 12. Louis XIII of France 25. Marie de' Medici 6. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 26. Philip III of Spain 13. Anne of Austria 27. Margaret of Austria 3. Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans 28. Frederick V, Elector Palatine 14. Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine 29. Elizabeth Stuart 7. Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 30. William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) 15. Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) 31. Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg
References and notes
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine.
^ a b "Louis de Lorraine". Roglo.eu. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 81.
Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine House of LorraineBorn: 28 January 1704 Died: 10 May 1711
French nobility
VacantTitle last held byLéopold, Duke of Bar
Hereditary Prince of Lorraine 28 January 1704 – 10 May 1711
Succeeded byLéopold Clément Charles of Lorraine | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"heir apparent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heir_apparent"},{"link_name":"Duchy of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"reigning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign"},{"link_name":"Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"House of Bourbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bourbon"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France"},{"link_name":"Hereditary Prince","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_prince"},{"link_name":"smallpox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox"}],"text":"Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (28 January 1704 – 10 May 1711) was heir apparent to the throne of the sovereign Duchy of Lorraine.His father was the reigning Duke of Lorraine and his mother a member of the House of Bourbon, then ruling the Kingdom of France. He became the Hereditary Prince at his birth in 1704, but died of smallpox in 1711 at the age of seven, unmarried and without descendants.","title":"Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Château de Lunéville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Lun%C3%A9ville"},{"link_name":"Léopold, Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans"},{"link_name":"Léopold Clément Charles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_Cl%C3%A9ment,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"François Etienne/Stephen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Holy Roman Emperor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"House of Habsburg-Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Château de Lunéville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Lun%C3%A9ville"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-roglo-1"},{"link_name":"unreliable source","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources"},{"link_name":"smallpox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox"},{"link_name":"Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"Grand Dauphin, Louis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin"},{"link_name":"Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-roglo-1"}],"text":"He was born at the Château de Lunéville to Léopold, Duke of Lorraine and his wife Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans.Louis was the fifth child but second son born to his parents. Also, Louis was the second of the four heirs of his father: his older brother Prince Léopold, Duke of Bar (26 August 1699 – 2 April 1700) died aged eight months; his younger brother Léopold Clément Charles (25 April 1707 – 4 June 1723) died aged sixteen and his younger brother François Etienne/Stephen lived to adulthood, became the Duke of Lorraine and also, by union, became Holy Roman Emperor and founded the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.Soon after his birth, on 24 June 1704, the young prince was baptised as a Roman Catholic at the Château de Lunéville.[1][unreliable source] He did not see the deaths of two of his siblings: Louis, Duke of Bar (26 August 1699 – 2 April 1700) and Princess Louise Christine (13 November 1701 – 18 November 1701) both died before reaching the age of one. By the time of his birth, however, two sisters had survived.An epidemic of smallpox was going around Europe in the Spring of 1711. It had already killed people like the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I (who died on 17 April) and the Grand Dauphin, Louis (who died on 14 April). Unfortunately, against all efforts, Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Lorraine, Louis' older sister, contracted smallpox and died on 4 May. Before this, she passed the disease on to Louis and Princess Marie Gabrièle Charlotte. Louis died on 10 May and Marie Gabrièle Charlotte died the very next day. They were both buried in the ducal crypt at the Église Saint-François-des-Cordeliers.[1] At Louis' death, his younger brother Léopold Clement Charles became Hereditary Prince, but he, too died of smallpox in 1723, at the age of sixteen.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Francis II, Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Christina of Salm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_of_Salm"},{"link_name":"Charles V, Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V,_Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Henry II, Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Claude Françoise of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_of_Lorraine_(1612%E2%80%931648)"},{"link_name":"Margerita Gonzaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margerita_Gonzaga"},{"link_name":"Leopold, Duke of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"Maria Anna of Bavaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Bavaria_(1574-1616)"},{"link_name":"Eleonora Maria of Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleonora_Maria_of_Austria"},{"link_name":"Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Nevers"},{"link_name":"Eleanor Gonzaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Gonzaga_(1630-1686)"},{"link_name":"Maria Gonzaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Gonzaga,_Duchess_of_Montferrat"},{"link_name":"Henry IV of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France"},{"link_name":"Louis XIII of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France"},{"link_name":"Marie de' Medici","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici"},{"link_name":"Philippe I, Duke of Orléans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans"},{"link_name":"Philip III of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"Anne of Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Austria"},{"link_name":"Margaret of Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria_(1584-1611)"},{"link_name":"Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans"},{"link_name":"Frederick V, Elector Palatine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine"},{"link_name":"Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth Stuart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemia"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate"},{"link_name":"William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_V,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel"},{"link_name":"Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgravine_Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel"},{"link_name":"Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalie_Elisabeth_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg"}],"text":"Ancestors of Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine[2] 16. Francis II, Duke of Lorraine 8. Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine 17. Countess Christina of Salm 4. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine 18. Henry II, Duke of Lorraine 9. Claude Françoise of Lorraine 19. Margerita Gonzaga 2. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine 20. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 10. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 21. Maria Anna of Bavaria 5. Eleonora Maria of Austria 22. Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers 11. Eleanor Gonzaga 23. Maria Gonzaga 1. Louis de Lorraine 24. Henry IV of France 12. Louis XIII of France 25. Marie de' Medici 6. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 26. Philip III of Spain 13. Anne of Austria 27. Margaret of Austria 3. Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans 28. Frederick V, Elector Palatine 14. Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine 29. Elizabeth Stuart 7. Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 30. William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) 15. Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) 31. Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg","title":"Ancestry"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Lorraine"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-roglo_1-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-roglo_1-1"},{"link_name":"\"Louis de Lorraine\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//roglo.eu/roglo?lang=en;i=2194763"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA81"}],"text":"Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine.^ a b \"Louis de Lorraine\". Roglo.eu. Retrieved 2011-12-18.\n\n^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 81.","title":"References and notes"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Louis de Lorraine\". Roglo.eu. Retrieved 2011-12-18.","urls":[{"url":"http://roglo.eu/roglo?lang=en;i=2194763","url_text":"\"Louis de Lorraine\""}]},{"reference":"Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 81.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA81","url_text":"Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans"}]}] | [{"Link":"http://roglo.eu/roglo?lang=en;i=2194763","external_links_name":"\"Louis de Lorraine\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA81","external_links_name":"Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goss,_Mississippi | Goss, Mississippi | ["1 History","2 References"] | Coordinates: 31°21′19″N 89°53′19″W / 31.35528°N 89.88861°W / 31.35528; -89.88861Unincorporated community in Mississippi, US
Unincorporated community in Mississippi, United StatesGoss, MississippiUnincorporated communityGoss, MississippiShow map of MississippiGoss, MississippiShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 31°21′19″N 89°53′19″W / 31.35528°N 89.88861°W / 31.35528; -89.88861CountryUnited StatesStateMississippiCountyMarionElevation194 ft (59 m)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)GNIS feature ID670553
Goss, (also known as Prine or Rogers), is an unincorporated community in Marion County located 8 miles northwest of Columbia.
History
Goss was named for its first postmaster, Dr. Zeno Goss, who established a post office in 1891 or 1895. Doctor Goss practiced medicine in the area, and was known for having fought as a Confederate soldier in the Battle of Shiloh. The town is currently situated along the route of a decommissioned Illinois Central rail line, running parallel to Mississippi Highway 13. The rail line was originally established as the Columbia, Lumberton & Gulf Railroad in 1894, and, when the line expanded circa 1900 as the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad, it included service near Goss at milepost 100.32, which spurred the development of lumber and sawmill industries over the years. The W. B. Brown Lumber Company, Newsom Brothers & Buckley Lumber Company, and Bunker Hill Lumber Company operated lumber mills in Goss. In 2011, Georgia Pacific closed their lumberyard in Goss.
In 1900, Goss had a population of 28.
A post office operated under the name Goss from 1891 to 1956.
Goss is served by the Columbia School District.
References
^ a b "Goss". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
^ "Goss, Marion County, Mississippi". msmarion.com. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
^ a b Rowland, Dunbar (1907). Mississippi: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form. Vol. 1. Southern Historical Publishing Association. p. 793.
^ Images of America-Marion County. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. 2012. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-7385-9193-3.
^ Howe, Tony. "Goss, Mississippi". Mississippi Rails. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
^ "New Orleans Letter". The St. Louis Lumberman. 46 (12): 44. 1910.
^ "Georgia Pacific closing Marion County location". WDAM. November 1, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
^ "Marion County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
^ "Columbia Primary School Columbia, MS 39429". mississippi.hometownlocator.com. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
vteMunicipalities and communities of Marion County, Mississippi, United StatesCounty seat: ColumbiaCities
Columbia
Map of Mississippi highlighting Marion CountyCDPs
Foxworth
Kokomo
Othercommunities
Bunker Hill
Cheraw
Good Hope
Goss
Hopewell
Hub
Morgantown
Sandy Hook
Mississippi portal
United States portal | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GNIS-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"unincorporated community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area"},{"link_name":"Marion County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_County,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DB-3"}],"text":"Unincorporated community in Mississippi, USUnincorporated community in Mississippi, United StatesGoss, (also known as Prine or Rogers[1][2]), is an unincorporated community in Marion County located 8 miles northwest of Columbia.[3]","title":"Goss, Mississippi"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Confederate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army"},{"link_name":"Battle of Shiloh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Illinois Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Mississippi Highway 13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Highway_13"},{"link_name":"Columbia, Lumberton & Gulf Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_Lumberton_%26_Gulf_Railroad&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Gulf and Ship Island Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_and_Ship_Island_Railroad"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Georgia Pacific","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Pacific"},{"link_name":"lumberyard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumberyard"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DB-3"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Columbia School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_School_District_(Mississippi)"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Goss was named for its first postmaster, Dr. Zeno Goss, who established a post office in 1891 or 1895. Doctor Goss practiced medicine in the area, and was known for having fought as a Confederate soldier in the Battle of Shiloh.[4] The town is currently situated along the route of a decommissioned Illinois Central rail line, running parallel to Mississippi Highway 13. The rail line was originally established as the Columbia, Lumberton & Gulf Railroad in 1894, and, when the line expanded circa 1900 as the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad, it included service near Goss at milepost 100.32, which spurred the development of lumber and sawmill industries over the years. The W. B. Brown Lumber Company, Newsom Brothers & Buckley Lumber Company, and Bunker Hill Lumber Company operated lumber mills in Goss.[5][6] In 2011, Georgia Pacific closed their lumberyard in Goss.[7]In 1900, Goss had a population of 28.[3]A post office operated under the name Goss from 1891 to 1956.[8]Goss is served by the Columbia School District.[9]","title":"History"}] | [{"image_text":"Map of Mississippi highlighting Marion County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Marion_County.svg/62px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Marion_County.svg.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Goss\". Geographic Names Information System. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Aznavour_Square,_Gyumri | Charles Aznavour Square, Gyumri | ["1 See also","2 References"] | Coordinates: 40°48′24″N 43°50′53″E / 40.80667°N 43.84806°E / 40.80667; 43.84806Historic site in Gyumri, ArmeniaCharles Aznavour SquareNative name Armenian: Շառլ Ազնավուրի ՀրապարակThe statue of the Charles Aznavour at the centre of the squareLocationGyumri, ArmeniaArea9,200 m²Built2000 (restored)Governing bodyGyumri City Council
Charles Aznavour Square (Armenian: Շառլ Ազնավուրի Հրապարակ) is a large square at the northern part of Gyumri city, Armenia. It is considered the 3rd square of the city after the Vardanants Square and the Independence Square.
The square is intersected by the following streets:
Vazgen Sargsyan street from the northwest.
Missak Manouchian street from the northeast.
Khanjyan street from the east.
Garegin Nzhdeh street from the south.
Ilya Repin street from the west.
The rectangular-shaped square (115 by 80 meters) was restored in 2000 and the statue of the renowned French-Armenian singer Charles Aznavour was erected. The sculptor of the statue was Samvel Petrosyan.
The square is surrounded with many commercial and residential buildings.
See also
Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan
References
^ Charles Aznavour
40°48′24″N 43°50′53″E / 40.80667°N 43.84806°E / 40.80667; 43.84806
vte GyumriPlaces of worship
Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God
Holy Saviour's Church
Surp Nshan Church
Saint Gregory the Illuminator's Church
Saint Jacob of Nisibis Church
Saint Nikolai the Wondeworker Church
Saint Arsenije Church
Saint Alexandra the Martyr's Church
Cathedral of the Holy Martyrs
Landmarks
Kumayri historic district
Sev Berd Fortress
Poloz Mukuch Beerhouse
Mother Armenia
Diocese of Shirak
Vartanants Square
Independence Square
Charles Aznavour Square
Museums and culture
Dzitoghtsyan Museum of National Architecture
Gallery of Mariam and Eranuhi Aslamazyan Sisters
House-Museum of Avetik Isahakyan
House-Museum of Mher Mkrtchyan
Hovhannes Shiraz House Museum
Sergey Merkurov House-Museum
Vardan Ajemian State Drama Theatre
Science and Education
Shirak State University
Progress University
Gyumri Academy of Fine Art
Lord Byron School
Gyumri Technology Center
Sports and recreation
Gyumri City Stadium
Shirak SC
Gyumri Football Academy
Gyumri Chess School
October Cinema
Gyumri Central park
Transportation
Shirak Airport
Gyumri railway station | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Armenian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language"},{"link_name":"Gyumri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyumri"},{"link_name":"Armenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia"},{"link_name":"Vardanants Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardanants_Square"},{"link_name":"Independence Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Square,_Gyumri"},{"link_name":"Charles Aznavour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Aznavour"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Historic site in Gyumri, ArmeniaCharles Aznavour Square (Armenian: Շառլ Ազնավուրի Հրապարակ) is a large square at the northern part of Gyumri city, Armenia. It is considered the 3rd square of the city after the Vardanants Square and the Independence Square.The square is intersected by the following streets:Vazgen Sargsyan street from the northwest.\nMissak Manouchian street from the northeast.\nKhanjyan street from the east.\nGaregin Nzhdeh street from the south.\nIlya Repin street from the west.The rectangular-shaped square (115 by 80 meters) was restored in 2000 and the statue of the renowned French-Armenian singer Charles Aznavour was erected. The sculptor of the statue was Samvel Petrosyan.[1]The square is surrounded with many commercial and residential buildings.","title":"Charles Aznavour Square, Gyumri"}] | [] | [{"title":"Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Aznavour_Square,_Yerevan"}] | [] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Charles_Aznavour_Square,_Gyumri¶ms=40_48_24_N_43_50_53_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"40°48′24″N 43°50′53″E / 40.80667°N 43.84806°E / 40.80667; 43.84806"},{"Link":"http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=898","external_links_name":"Charles Aznavour"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Charles_Aznavour_Square,_Gyumri¶ms=40_48_24_N_43_50_53_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"40°48′24″N 43°50′53″E / 40.80667°N 43.84806°E / 40.80667; 43.84806"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred,_Maine | Alfred, Maine | ["1 History","2 Geography","3 Demographics","3.1 2010 census","3.2 2000 census","4 Arts and culture","4.1 Points of interest","5 Government","6 Education","7 Facilities","8 Adjacent towns","9 Notable people","10 Further reading","11 References","12 External links"] | Coordinates: 43°28′57″N 70°43′7″W / 43.48250°N 70.71861°W / 43.48250; -70.71861 Town in the state of Maine, United States
Town in Maine, United StatesAlfred, MaineTownVillage Square c. 1906Motto: "Shiretown of York County"AlfredShow map of MaineAlfredShow map of the United StatesAlfredShow map of North AmericaCoordinates: 43°28′57″N 70°43′7″W / 43.48250°N 70.71861°W / 43.48250; -70.71861CountryUnited StatesStateMaineCountyYorkSettled1764Incorporated1794Named forAlfred the GreatVillagesAlfredAlfred MillsNorth AlfredGovernment • TypeBoard of Selectmen • SelectmanGlenn DochtermannJohn SylvesterGeorge DonovanArea • Total27.92 sq mi (72.31 km2) • Land27.25 sq mi (70.58 km2) • Water0.67 sq mi (1.74 km2)Elevation289 ft (88 m)Population (2020) • Total3,073 • Density113/sq mi (43.5/km2)Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)ZIP code04002Area codes207FIPS code23-00730GNIS feature ID0582319WebsiteThe Town of Alfred, Maine
Alfred is a town in York County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,073. Alfred is the seat of York County, and home to part of the Massabesic Experimental Forest. National Register of Historic Places has two listings in the town, the Alfred Historic District, with 48 houses, and the Alfred Shaker Historic District.
Villages in the town include Alfred, Alfred Mills, and North Alfred. The town is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
History
Abenaki Native Americans called the area Massabesic, meaning "large pond," or "the place of much water." It was in the western portion of a large tract of land purchased from Indian chiefs Fluellin, Hombinowitt and Meeksombe (also known as Captain Sunday), between 1661 and 1664 by Major William Phillips, an owner of mills in Saco (which then included Biddeford). According to historian Jim Brunelle, editor of the Maine Almanac, the price was "two large blankets, two gallons of rum, two pounds of powder, four pounds of musket balls, 20 strings of beads and several other articles."
Simeon Coffin of Newbury, Massachusetts arrived in 1764 and lived for a time in a wigwam, although the first permanent settlement took place in 1770. Known as the north parish of Sanford, the community was set off and incorporated as a district on February 4, 1794. Sawmills and gristmills operated by water power at the streams. A log jail was built in 1803, with a brick jail in 1869. The courthouse was built in 1806, the year Alfred became the shire town of York County. It was incorporated as a town in 1808, named in honor of King Alfred the Great. Land would be set off to Sanford in 1828, and annexed from Waterboro in 1847. The Rochester & Portland Railroad entered from Waterboro in 1864, connecting to Rochester, New Hampshire in 1871. More than 30 trains passed through Alfred daily between 1910 and 1920, but use would decline in the age of automobiles. Passenger service ceased in 1949, with the final train departing in 1961. A severe drought in Maine tindered the Great Fires of 1947, burning 4,500 acres (18 km2) of woodland and two residences in the town.
Alfred Shaker Village, c. 1915
A Shaker religious community once thrived in Alfred (now the Alfred Shaker Historic District). In 1783, members of the Shaker Church settled on the hill near Massabesic (now Shaker) Pond. Others dubbed them the "Merry Dancers," because of their ecstatic worship. "They were," as historian George J. Varney writes, "at this time fanatical in religion and intemperate in their indulgences."
In 1872, the District No. 5 School was built in northern Alfred. It was used as a school until 1921, thereafter providing a number of community functions. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
In 1873 Louis H. F. Wagner rowed out to Smuttynose Island in the Isles of Shoals, off the Atlantic coast near Kittery, intending to rob but eventually murdering two of the three women left alone on the island. When the authorities finally caught up with him, jurisdiction for the case was given to York County and the county seat, Alfred. The biggest trial in the state at that time was held in the Alfred Court House.
Wagner having little defense was quickly found guilty and sentenced to be hanged on the gallows of the Maine State Prison at Thomaston. While he was awaiting transfer he broke out of the Alfred jail and made his escape, eventually being caught in Farmington, New Hampshire.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 27.92 square miles (72.31 km2), of which 27.25 square miles (70.58 km2) is land and 0.67 square miles (1.74 km2) is water. Alfred is drained by the Middle Branch of the Mousam River, Littlefield River, Hay Brook and Trafton Brook. Yeaton Hill has an elevation of 602 feet (183 m), and Brackett Hill an elevation of 480 feet (150 m). The highest point in town is on Fort Ridge, at an elevation of 1,020 feet (310 m), at the Shapleigh line.
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1800900—18101,10622.9%18201,27114.9%18301,45314.3%18401,408−3.1%18501,319−6.3%18601,256−4.8%18701,224−2.5%18801,101−10.0%18901,030−6.4%1900937−9.0%1910890−5.0%1920738−17.1%193088319.6%19401,03917.7%19501,1127.0%19601,2018.0%19701,2110.8%19801,89056.1%19902,23818.4%20002,49711.6%20103,01920.9%20203,0731.8%
Parsons Memorial Library in 1906, donated to the town in 1905 by George and Edwin Parsons
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,019 people, 1,175 households, and 769 families residing in the town. The population density was 110.8 inhabitants per square mile (42.8/km2). There were 1,350 housing units at an average density of 49.5 per square mile (19.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.7% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.
There were 1,175 households, of which 25.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.80.
The median age in the town was 45.7 years. 17.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 32.1% were from 45 to 64; and 18.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.7% male and 48.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,497 people, 996 households, and 682 families residing in the town. The population density was 91.7 inhabitants per square mile (35.4/km2). There were 1,103 housing units at an average density of 40.5 per square mile (15.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.52% White, 0.24% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.48% Asian, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.12% of the population.
There were 996 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.88.
York County Courthouse in 1908
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $40,583, and the median income for a family was $47,625. Males had a median income of $36,957 versus $25,026 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,337. About 4.2% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
Points of interest
Alfred Shaker Museum
Alfred Village Museum
Government
Alfred has three selectmen who manage town business. Selectmen are elected in an annual town meeting to three-year terms.
Education
Alfred's children attending public school go to Alfred Elementary School from kindergarten through fifth grade. Sixth, seventh and eighth grade students attend Massabesic Middle School in Waterboro. Ninth through twelfth graders attend Massabesic High School in Waterboro. Elementary aged students may also attend the private Unlimited Vision Montessori School.
Facilities
The York County Jail is located in Alfred at 1 Layman Way. The jail houses inmates serving terms less than nine months and those awaiting trial for crimes committed in York County.
Alfred is also home to the York County courthouse, at 45 Kennebunk Road. Violations and crimes committed in York County are processed here.
Alfred houses the York County shelter, where the homeless and those needing assistance in York County live and work. They have a bakery that sells baked goods to the public to help financially support themselves.
Adjacent towns
Kennebunk
Lyman
Sanford
Shapleigh
Waterboro
Notable people
James Abbe, photographer
Mildred Barker, musician, scholar, and Shakers eldress
Joseph Brackett, songwriter and Shakers elder
David R. Burns, Member of the Maine House of Representatives
Horatio G. Herrick, sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts
John Holmes, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and U.S. Senator from Maine
Enrique Peña Nieto, President of Mexico from 2012 to 2018; learned English as a schoolboy in this town
Heidi H. Sampson, Member of the Maine House of Representatives
Further reading
Eastman, Harland H., "Alfred, Maine : The Shakers And The Village"
References
^ "The Town of Alfred, Maine". The Town of Alfred, Maine. Archived from the original on September 1, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ "Census - Geography Profile: Alfred town, York County, Maine". Retrieved January 15, 2022.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ a b Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 27–29. coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
^ "George J. Varney, "History of Alfred, Maine" (1886)". Retrieved May 18, 2023.
^ "History of York County Courthouse". Archived from the original on December 11, 2005. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
^ "The Smuttynose IslandMURDERS". home.myfairpoint.net. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
^ "American FactFinder". Archived from the original on May 20, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
^ "University of Virginia Library". Mapserver.lib.virginia.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ Alfred Shaker Museum. Archived 2014-08-13 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved March 24, 2014.
^ Alfred Village Museum. Archived 2005-10-26 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved March 24, 2014.
^ "Simple Gifts | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
^ "David Burns". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
^ "A Christian Gentleman". Zion's Herald. April 27, 1904.
^ "Holmes, John, (1773 - 1843)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
^ "Heidi H. Sampson". Maine House of Representatives. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
External links
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Alfred (Maine).
Town of Alfred, Maine Archived 2012-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
Alfred Elementary School
Massabesic Experimental Forest
Epodunk Town Profile
vteMunicipalities and communities of York County, Maine, United StatesCounty seat: AlfredCities
Biddeford
Saco
Sanford
York County mapTowns
Acton
Alfred
Arundel
Berwick
Buxton
Cornish
Dayton
Eliot
Hollis
Kennebunk
Kennebunkport
Kittery
Lebanon
Limerick
Limington
Lyman
Newfield
North Berwick
Ogunquit
Old Orchard Beach
Parsonsfield
Shapleigh
South Berwick
Waterboro
Wells
York
CDPs
Alfred
Berwick
Cape Neddick
Cornish
Kennebunk
Kennebunkport
Kezar Falls‡
Kittery
Kittery Point
Lake Arrowhead
North Berwick
South Berwick
South Eliot
West Kennebunk
York Harbor
Unincorporatedcommunitiesand villages
Bald Head
Bar Mills
Bedell Crossing
Cape Porpoise
East Parsonsfield
East Waterboro
Felch Corner
Hills Beach
Moody Beach
Ocean Park
Perkins Cove
Springvale
York Beach
York Cliffs
Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county
Maine portal
United States portal
vteCounty seats of Maine
Alfred
Auburn
Augusta
Bangor
Bath
Belfast
Dover-Foxcroft
Ellsworth
Farmington
Houlton
Machias
Paris
Portland
Rockland
Skowhegan
Wiscasset
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Israel
United States | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_town"},{"link_name":"York County, Maine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_County,_Maine"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census,_2020"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR6-4"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"Alfred Historic District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"Alfred Shaker Historic District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Shaker_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"Alfred","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_(CDP),_Maine"},{"link_name":"Portland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Maine"},{"link_name":"South Portland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Portland,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Biddeford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biddeford,_Maine"},{"link_name":"metropolitan statistical area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland-South_Portland-Biddeford_metropolitan_area"}],"text":"Town in the state of Maine, United StatesTown in Maine, United StatesAlfred is a town in York County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,073.[3] Alfred is the seat of York County,[4] and home to part of the Massabesic Experimental Forest. National Register of Historic Places has two listings in the town, the Alfred Historic District, with 48 houses, and the Alfred Shaker Historic District.Villages in the town include Alfred, Alfred Mills, and North Alfred. The town is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.","title":"Alfred, Maine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Abenaki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki"},{"link_name":"Native Americans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Indian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas"},{"link_name":"Saco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saco,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Biddeford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biddeford,_Maine"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Coolidge-5"},{"link_name":"Newbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbury,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"wigwam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigwam"},{"link_name":"Sanford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Sawmills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawmill"},{"link_name":"gristmills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gristmill"},{"link_name":"water power","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_power"},{"link_name":"Alfred the Great","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great"},{"link_name":"Waterboro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterboro,_Maine"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Coolidge-5"},{"link_name":"Rochester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochester,_New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"New Hampshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"automobiles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile"},{"link_name":"drought","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drought"},{"link_name":"Great Fires of 1947","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Fires_of_1947"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Buildings,_Shaker_Village,_Alfred,_ME.jpg"},{"link_name":"Alfred Shaker Village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Shaker_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"Shaker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakers"},{"link_name":"Alfred Shaker Historic District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Shaker_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"District No. 5 School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_No._5_School_(Alfred,_Maine)"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_York_County,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Smuttynose Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smuttynose_Island"},{"link_name":"Isles of Shoals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isles_of_Shoals"},{"link_name":"Kittery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittery,_Maine"},{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Maine State Prison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_State_Prison"},{"link_name":"Thomaston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomaston,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Farmington, New Hampshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmington,_New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Abenaki Native Americans called the area Massabesic, meaning \"large pond,\" or \"the place of much water.\" It was in the western portion of a large tract of land purchased from Indian chiefs Fluellin, Hombinowitt and Meeksombe (also known as Captain Sunday), between 1661 and 1664 by Major William Phillips, an owner of mills in Saco (which then included Biddeford). According to historian Jim Brunelle, editor of the Maine Almanac, the price was \"two large blankets, two gallons of rum, two pounds of powder, four pounds of musket balls, 20 strings of beads and several other articles.\"[5]Simeon Coffin of Newbury, Massachusetts arrived in 1764 and lived for a time in a wigwam, although the first permanent settlement took place in 1770. Known as the north parish of Sanford, the community was set off and incorporated as a district on February 4, 1794. Sawmills and gristmills operated by water power at the streams. A log jail was built in 1803, with a brick jail in 1869. The courthouse was built in 1806, the year Alfred became the shire town of York County. It was incorporated as a town in 1808, named in honor of King Alfred the Great. Land would be set off to Sanford in 1828, and annexed from Waterboro in 1847.[5] The Rochester & Portland Railroad entered from Waterboro in 1864, connecting to Rochester, New Hampshire in 1871. More than 30 trains passed through Alfred daily between 1910 and 1920, but use would decline in the age of automobiles. Passenger service ceased in 1949, with the final train departing in 1961. A severe drought in Maine tindered the Great Fires of 1947, burning 4,500 acres (18 km2) of woodland and two residences in the town.Alfred Shaker Village, c. 1915A Shaker religious community once thrived in Alfred (now the Alfred Shaker Historic District). In 1783, members of the Shaker Church settled on the hill near Massabesic (now Shaker) Pond. Others dubbed them the \"Merry Dancers,\" because of their ecstatic worship. \"They were,\" as historian George J. Varney writes, \"at this time fanatical in religion and intemperate in their indulgences.\"[6]In 1872, the District No. 5 School was built in northern Alfred. It was used as a school until 1921, thereafter providing a number of community functions. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.In 1873 Louis H. F. Wagner rowed out to Smuttynose Island in the Isles of Shoals, off the Atlantic coast near Kittery, intending to rob but eventually murdering two of the three women left alone on the island. When the authorities finally caught up with him, jurisdiction for the case was given to York County and the county seat, Alfred. The biggest trial in the state at that time was held in the Alfred Court House.[7]Wagner having little defense was quickly found guilty and sentenced to be hanged on the gallows of the Maine State Prison at Thomaston. While he was awaiting transfer he broke out of the Alfred jail and made his escape, eventually being caught in Farmington, New Hampshire.[8]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-2"},{"link_name":"Shapleigh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapleigh,_Maine"}],"text":"According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 27.92 square miles (72.31 km2), of which 27.25 square miles (70.58 km2) is land and 0.67 square miles (1.74 km2) is water.[2] Alfred is drained by the Middle Branch of the Mousam River, Littlefield River, Hay Brook and Trafton Brook. Yeaton Hill has an elevation of 602 feet (183 m), and Brackett Hill an elevation of 480 feet (150 m). The highest point in town is on Fort Ridge, at an elevation of 1,020 feet (310 m), at the Shapleigh line.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Public_Library,_Alfred,_ME.jpg"}],"text":"Parsons Memorial Library in 1906, donated to the town in 1905 by George and Edwin Parsons","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-11"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"}],"sub_title":"2010 census","text":"As of the census[11] of 2010, there were 3,019 people, 1,175 households, and 769 families residing in the town. The population density was 110.8 inhabitants per square mile (42.8/km2). There were 1,350 housing units at an average density of 49.5 per square mile (19.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.7% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.There were 1,175 households, of which 25.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.80.The median age in the town was 45.7 years. 17.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 32.1% were from 45 to 64; and 18.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.7% male and 48.3% female.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-12"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:York_County_Courthouse,_Alfred,_ME.jpg"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"sub_title":"2000 census","text":"As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 2,497 people, 996 households, and 682 families residing in the town. The population density was 91.7 inhabitants per square mile (35.4/km2). There were 1,103 housing units at an average density of 40.5 per square mile (15.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.52% White, 0.24% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.48% Asian, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.12% of the population.There were 996 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.88.York County Courthouse in 1908In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.The median income for a household in the town was $40,583, and the median income for a family was $47,625. Males had a median income of $36,957 versus $25,026 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,337. About 4.2% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Arts and culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alfred Shaker Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Shaker_Museum"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Alfred Village Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Shaker_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"sub_title":"Points of interest","text":"Alfred Shaker Museum[13]\nAlfred Village Museum[14]","title":"Arts and culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"town meeting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_meeting"}],"text":"Alfred has three selectmen who manage town business. Selectmen are elected in an annual town meeting to three-year terms.","title":"Government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"kindergarten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten"},{"link_name":"Waterboro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterboro,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Massabesic High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massabesic_High_School"},{"link_name":"Montessori School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montessori_School"}],"text":"Alfred's children attending public school go to Alfred Elementary School from kindergarten through fifth grade. Sixth, seventh and eighth grade students attend Massabesic Middle School in Waterboro. Ninth through twelfth graders attend Massabesic High School in Waterboro. Elementary aged students may also attend the private Unlimited Vision Montessori School.","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The York County Jail is located in Alfred at 1 Layman Way. The jail houses inmates serving terms less than nine months and those awaiting trial for crimes committed in York County.Alfred is also home to the York County courthouse, at 45 Kennebunk Road. Violations and crimes committed in York County are processed here.Alfred houses the York County shelter, where the homeless and those needing assistance in York County live and work. They have a bakery that sells baked goods to the public to help financially support themselves.","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kennebunk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennebunk,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Lyman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Sanford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Shapleigh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapleigh,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Waterboro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterboro,_Maine"}],"text":"Kennebunk\nLyman\nSanford\nShapleigh\nWaterboro","title":"Adjacent towns"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"James Abbe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Abbe"},{"link_name":"Mildred Barker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildred_Barker"},{"link_name":"Shakers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakers"},{"link_name":"Joseph Brackett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brackett"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"David R. Burns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_R._Burns"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Vote_Smart-16"},{"link_name":"Horatio G. Herrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_G._Herrick"},{"link_name":"sheriff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sheriffs_of_Essex_County,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"Essex County, Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"John Holmes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)"},{"link_name":"U.S. Representative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"U.S. Senator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate"},{"link_name":"Maine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Enrique Peña Nieto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto"},{"link_name":"President of Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mexico"},{"link_name":"Heidi H. Sampson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidi_H._Sampson"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"James Abbe, photographer\nMildred Barker, musician, scholar, and Shakers eldress\nJoseph Brackett, songwriter and Shakers elder[15]\nDavid R. Burns, Member of the Maine House of Representatives[16]\nHoratio G. Herrick, sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts[17]\nJohn Holmes, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and U.S. Senator from Maine[18]\nEnrique Peña Nieto, President of Mexico from 2012 to 2018; learned English as a schoolboy in this town\nHeidi H. Sampson, Member of the Maine House of Representatives[19]","title":"Notable people"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alfred, Maine : The Shakers And The Village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//digitalmaine.com/alfred_books/1"}],"text":"Eastman, Harland H., \"Alfred, Maine : The Shakers And The Village\"","title":"Further reading"}] | [{"image_text":"Alfred Shaker Village, c. 1915","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Main_Buildings%2C_Shaker_Village%2C_Alfred%2C_ME.jpg/220px-Main_Buildings%2C_Shaker_Village%2C_Alfred%2C_ME.jpg"},{"image_text":"Parsons Memorial Library in 1906, donated to the town in 1905 by George and Edwin Parsons","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Public_Library%2C_Alfred%2C_ME.jpg/220px-Public_Library%2C_Alfred%2C_ME.jpg"},{"image_text":"York County Courthouse in 1908","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/York_County_Courthouse%2C_Alfred%2C_ME.jpg/220px-York_County_Courthouse%2C_Alfred%2C_ME.jpg"},{"image_text":"York County map","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_Maine_highlighting_York_County.svg/80px-Map_of_Maine_highlighting_York_County.svg.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"The Town of Alfred, Maine\". The Town of Alfred, Maine. Archived from the original on September 1, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120901225114/http://www.alfredme.us/","url_text":"\"The Town of Alfred, Maine\""},{"url":"http://www.alfredme.us/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 16, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html","url_text":"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Census - Geography Profile: Alfred town, York County, Maine\". Retrieved January 15, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2303100730","url_text":"\"Census - Geography Profile: Alfred town, York County, Maine\""}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. 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Retrieved May 29, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110520164400/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table","url_text":"\"American FactFinder\""},{"url":"http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid%3DDEC_10_PL_QTPL%26prodType%3Dtable","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"University of Virginia Library\". Mapserver.lib.virginia.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/","url_text":"\"University of Virginia Library\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 16, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Simple Gifts | Encyclopedia.com\". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved May 18, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/simple-gifts","url_text":"\"Simple Gifts | Encyclopedia.com\""}]},{"reference":"\"David Burns\". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved August 26, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/121100/david-burns","url_text":"\"David Burns\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Vote_Smart","url_text":"Project Vote Smart"}]},{"reference":"\"A Christian Gentleman\". Zion's Herald. April 27, 1904.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Holmes, John, (1773 - 1843)\". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000739","url_text":"\"Holmes, John, (1773 - 1843)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Heidi H. Sampson\". Maine House of Representatives. Retrieved January 13, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://legislature.maine.gov/house/house/MemberProfiles/Details/137","url_text":"\"Heidi H. Sampson\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Alfred,_Maine¶ms=43_28_57_N_70_43_7_W_region:US-ME_type:city(3073)","external_links_name":"43°28′57″N 70°43′7″W / 43.48250°N 70.71861°W / 43.48250; -70.71861"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Alfred,_Maine¶ms=43_28_57_N_70_43_7_W_region:US-ME_type:city(3073)","external_links_name":"43°28′57″N 70°43′7″W / 43.48250°N 70.71861°W / 43.48250; -70.71861"},{"Link":"https://www.alfredme.gov/","external_links_name":"The Town of Alfred, Maine"},{"Link":"https://digitalmaine.com/alfred_books/1","external_links_name":"Alfred, Maine : The Shakers And The Village"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120901225114/http://www.alfredme.us/","external_links_name":"\"The Town of Alfred, Maine\""},{"Link":"http://www.alfredme.us/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html","external_links_name":"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\""},{"Link":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2303100730","external_links_name":"\"Census - Geography Profile: Alfred town, York County, Maine\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Find a County\""},{"Link":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ","external_links_name":"A History and Description of New England"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n55","external_links_name":"27"},{"Link":"http://history.rays-place.com/me/alfred-me.htm","external_links_name":"\"George J. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Town,_Tasmania | New Town, Tasmania | ["1 History","2 Today","3 References","4 Gallery"] | Coordinates: 42°51′34″S 147°18′20″E / 42.85944°S 147.30556°E / -42.85944; 147.30556
Suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, AustraliaNew TownHobart, TasmaniaNew Town viewed from Lost World to the west. New Town Bay is on the left and Cornelian Bay is on the right behind the suburb.New TownCoordinates42°51′34″S 147°18′20″E / 42.85944°S 147.30556°E / -42.85944; 147.30556Population6,122 (2016 census)Postcode(s)7008LGA(s)City of HobartState electorate(s)ClarkFederal division(s)Clark
Suburbs around New Town:
West Moonah
Moonah
Cornelian Bay
Lenah Valley
New Town
Queens Domain
Lenah Valley
Mount Stuart
North Hobart
New Town is a suburb of the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, about 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of the central business district of Hobart. It is generally considered Hobart's oldest suburb, settled just a week after Sullivans Cove. It was historically the home of many of Hobart's wealthiest citizens, and New Town features a large number of grand residences, churches, and public buildings. The large farms were broken up following the world wars and it is now an inner city residential suburb. Many of its streets are lined with Federation style cottages. It is surrounded by the suburbs of North Hobart, Mount Stuart, Lenah Valley and Moonah, with the Queen's Domain just to the south-east. Most of the locality is within the Hobart local government area, with 2.5% within Glenorchy.
History
At the time of Hobart's re-settlement on the western shore of the Derwent River in 1804, the first free settlers were landed at New Town Bay a day after the military and convict landing on Hunter Island on 20/21 February. Some early buildings remain including Pitt Farm which is the second oldest farmhouse in Australia.
St John's Anglican Church in New Town has an unbroken record of use as a parish church, from the first service on 20 December 1835 up to the present. The building was designed by the Tasmanian government civil engineer and architect, John Lee Archer.
New Town Post Office opened on 1 January 1842.
Video City opened the largest video rental shop in Australia on New Town Road in 2002. The store remained a vibrant cultural institution long after the arrival of online streaming services in the 2010s. After selling its catalogue of over 30,000 video titles, the store ceased trading in 2019.
Today
New Town has the only two single-sex public schools in Tasmania - Ogilvie High School for girls, and New Town High School for boys. There is also a third main school in New Town, the Catholic Sacred Heart College, New Town Campus, with over 1000 students. New Town Primary School is over a hundred years old. The major shopping centre is Centro New Town Plaza, which houses a Kmart, a Coles Supermarket and several smaller specialty shops.
New Town is well known for its leafy streets flanked by Colonial, Georgian, Federation, Italianate and Art Deco residences, with many large homes and mansions scattered throughout the suburb. Architects who have worked on New Town homes include Thomas Reibey Atkinson, grandson of Mary Reibey, and Henry Hunter, one of Hobart's most prominent early colonial architects.
The InterCity Cycleway passes directly through the suburb, on its course from Claremont to the city.
The main road in New Town is known as "New Town Road" and follows on from Elizabeth Street in Hobart. The road connects Hobart with the neighbouring city of Glenorchy. Other main roads in New Town are Augusta Road, which leads into Lenah Valley, and Giblin Street which becomes Forster Street and then becomes Risdon Road as it continues down towards the Brooker Highway.
References
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "New Town (Qld) (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
^ a b "The Story of New Town, Hobart's First Suburb". ourtasmania.com.au. Tasmanian Travel & Information Centre. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
^ "Launch pad in place for video monolith", Australasian Business Intelligence, COMTEX News Network, Inc: 1008154i1569, 3 June 2002, ISSN 1320-6680
^ Richards, Blair (24 July 2019). "Video City inundated by customers as it sells off its extensive DVD collection". The Mercury (Hobart). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
^ Ogilvie High School web site
^ Newtown High School web site
^ College, Sacred Heart (8 April 2023). "Homepage". Sacred Heart College.
^ "Home - New Town Primary School". New Town Primary School Website.
^ "4 Bedroom Properties for Sale in New Town, TAS 7008". realestate.com.au.
^ "29 Stoke Street, New Town, Tas 7008 - House for Sale #107279798 - realestate.com.au". Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
Gallery
A view of Cross Street, New Town, with backdrop of Mount Wellington
1906 Federation architecture in Cross Street, New Town
1835 St John's Anglican Church, New Town
vte Suburbs of Hobart, TasmaniaCity of Hobart
Battery Point
Cascades
CBD
Cornelian Bay
Dynnyrne
Fern Tree
Glebe
Lenah Valley
Mount Nelson
Mount Stuart
New Town
North Hobart
Ridgeway
Sandy Bay
South Hobart
Tolmans Hill
West Hobart
City of Glenorchy
Austins Ferry
Berriedale
Chigwell
Claremont
Collinsvale
Derwent Park
Dowsing Point
Glenlusk
Glenorchy
Goodwood
Granton
Lutana
Montrose
Moonah
Rosetta
West Moonah
City of Clarence
Acton Park
Bellerive
Cambridge
Clarendon Vale
Clifton Beach
Cremorne
Flagstaff Gully
Geilston Bay
Howrah
Lauderdale
Lindisfarne
Montagu Bay
Mornington
Mount Rumney
Oakdowns
Opossum Bay
Otago
Risdon
Risdon Vale
Roches Beach
Rokeby
Rose Bay
Rosny
Rosny Park
Sandford
Seven Mile Beach
South Arm
Tranmere
Warrane
Kingborough Council
Barretta
Blackmans Bay
Bonnet Hill
Coningham
Electrona
Howden
Huntingfield
Kingston
Kingston Beach
Lower Snug
Maranoa Heights
Margate
Snug
Taroona
Tinderbox
Brighton Council
Bridgewater
Brighton
Gagebrook
Green Point
Old Beach
Sorell Council
Dodges Ferry
Midway Point
Penna
Sorell
Derwent Valley Council
New Norfolk | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobart"},{"link_name":"Tasmania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"Sullivans Cove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivans_Cove"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-infocenter-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-infocenter-2"},{"link_name":"Federation style","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_style"},{"link_name":"North Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Hobart,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Mount Stuart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Stuart,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Lenah Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenah_Valley,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Moonah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonah,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Queen's Domain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens_Domain"},{"link_name":"Hobart local government area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Hobart"},{"link_name":"Glenorchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Glenorchy"}],"text":"Suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, AustraliaNew Town is a suburb of the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, about 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of the central business district of Hobart. It is generally considered Hobart's oldest suburb, settled just a week after Sullivans Cove.[2] It was historically the home of many of Hobart's wealthiest citizens, and New Town features a large number of grand residences, churches, and public buildings. The large farms were broken up following the world wars and it is now an inner city residential suburb.[2] Many of its streets are lined with Federation style cottages. It is surrounded by the suburbs of North Hobart, Mount Stuart, Lenah Valley and Moonah, with the Queen's Domain just to the south-east. Most of the locality is within the Hobart local government area, with 2.5% within Glenorchy.","title":"New Town, Tasmania"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Derwent River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Derwent_(Tasmania)"},{"link_name":"St John's Anglican Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_John%27s_Anglican_Church,_New_Town"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Post_Office-3"},{"link_name":"Video City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_City_(Australia)"},{"link_name":"video rental shop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_rental_shop"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Video_City_inundated_by_customers_as_it_sells_off_its_extensive_DVD_collection-5"}],"text":"At the time of Hobart's re-settlement on the western shore of the Derwent River in 1804, the first free settlers were landed at New Town Bay a day after the military and convict landing on Hunter Island on 20/21 February. Some early buildings remain including Pitt Farm which is the second oldest farmhouse in Australia.St John's Anglican Church in New Town has an unbroken record of use as a parish church, from the first service on 20 December 1835 up to the present. The building was designed by the Tasmanian government civil engineer and architect, John Lee Archer.New Town Post Office opened on 1 January 1842.[3]Video City opened the largest video rental shop in Australia on New Town Road in 2002.[4] The store remained a vibrant cultural institution long after the arrival of online streaming services in the 2010s. After selling its catalogue of over 30,000 video titles, the store ceased trading in 2019.[5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ogilvie High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogilvie_High_School"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"New Town High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Town_High_School_(Tasmania)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Centro New Town Plaza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicinity_Centres"},{"link_name":"Kmart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmart_Australia"},{"link_name":"Coles Supermarket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coles_Myer"},{"link_name":"Colonial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_architecture"},{"link_name":"Georgian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_architecture"},{"link_name":"Federation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_architecture"},{"link_name":"Italianate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianate_architecture"},{"link_name":"Art Deco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Mary Reibey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Reibey"},{"link_name":"Henry Hunter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hunter_(architect)"},{"link_name":"Claremont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claremont,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Street,_Hobart"},{"link_name":"Glenorchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenorchy,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Lenah Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenah_Valley"},{"link_name":"Brooker Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooker_Highway"}],"text":"New Town has the only two single-sex public schools in Tasmania - Ogilvie High School[6] for girls, and New Town High School[7] for boys. There is also a third main school in New Town, the Catholic Sacred Heart College, New Town Campus, with over 1000 students.[8] New Town Primary School is over a hundred years old.[9] The major shopping centre is Centro New Town Plaza, which houses a Kmart, a Coles Supermarket and several smaller specialty shops.New Town is well known for its leafy streets flanked by Colonial, Georgian, Federation, Italianate and Art Deco residences, with many large homes and mansions scattered throughout the suburb.[10][better source needed] Architects who have worked on New Town homes include Thomas Reibey Atkinson,[11] grandson of Mary Reibey, and Henry Hunter, one of Hobart's most prominent early colonial architects.The InterCity Cycleway passes directly through the suburb, on its course from Claremont to the city.The main road in New Town is known as \"New Town Road\" and follows on from Elizabeth Street in Hobart. The road connects Hobart with the neighbouring city of Glenorchy. Other main roads in New Town are Augusta Road, which leads into Lenah Valley, and Giblin Street which becomes Forster Street and then becomes Risdon Road as it continues down towards the Brooker Highway.","title":"Today"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1906-Moncrieff-38-Cross-Street.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Federation_architecture_in_Cross_Street,_New_Town.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Johns_Anglican_New_Town.jpg"},{"link_name":"St John's Anglican Church, New Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_John%27s_Anglican_Church,_New_Town"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hobart_suburbs"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Hobart_suburbs"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hobart_suburbs"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Suburbs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hobart_suburbs"},{"link_name":"Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobart"},{"link_name":"Tasmania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania"},{"link_name":"City of Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Hobart"},{"link_name":"Battery Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_Point,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Cascades","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascades,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"CBD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobart_city_centre"},{"link_name":"Cornelian Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelian_Bay,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Dynnyrne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynnyrne,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Fern Tree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern_Tree,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Glebe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glebe,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Lenah Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenah_Valley,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Mount Nelson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Nelson,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Mount Stuart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Stuart,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"New Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"North Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Hobart,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Ridgeway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridgeway,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Sandy Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bay,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"South Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Hobart,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Tolmans Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmans_Hill,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"West Hobart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Hobart,_Tasmania"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hobart_COA.gif"},{"link_name":"City of Glenorchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Glenorchy"},{"link_name":"Austins Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austins_Ferry,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Berriedale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berriedale,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Chigwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigwell,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Claremont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claremont,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Collinsvale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collinsvale,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Derwent Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derwent_Park,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Dowsing Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowsing_Point,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Glenlusk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenlusk,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Glenorchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenorchy,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Goodwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodwood,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Granton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granton,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Lutana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutana,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Montrose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Moonah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonah,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Rosetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"West Moonah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Moonah,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"City of Clarence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Clarence"},{"link_name":"Acton Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acton_Park,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Bellerive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellerive,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Cambridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Clarendon Vale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_Vale,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Clifton Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton_Beach,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Cremorne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremorne,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Flagstaff Gully","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagstaff_Gully,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Geilston Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geilston_Bay,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Howrah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howrah,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Lauderdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauderdale,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Lindisfarne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindisfarne,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Montagu Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagu_Bay,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Mornington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornington,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Mount Rumney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rumney,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Oakdowns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakdowns,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Opossum Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opossum_Bay,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Otago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Risdon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risdon,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Risdon Vale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risdon_Vale,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Roches Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roches_Beach,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Rokeby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokeby,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Rose Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Bay,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Rosny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosny,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Rosny Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosny_Park,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Sandford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandford,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Seven Mile Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Mile_Beach,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"South Arm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arm,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Tranmere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranmere,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Warrane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrane,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Kingborough Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingborough_Council"},{"link_name":"Barretta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barretta,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Blackmans Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackmans_Bay,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Bonnet Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnet_Hill,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Coningham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coningham,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Electrona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrona,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Howden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howden,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Huntingfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingfield,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Kingston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Kingston Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Beach,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Lower Snug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Snug,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Maranoa Heights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maranoa_Heights,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Margate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margate,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Snug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snug,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Taroona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taroona,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Tinderbox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinderbox,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Brighton Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_Council_(Tasmania)"},{"link_name":"Bridgewater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Brighton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Gagebrook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagebrook,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Green Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Point,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Old Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Beach,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Sorell Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorell_Council"},{"link_name":"Dodges Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodges_Ferry,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Midway Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midway_Point,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Penna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penna,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Sorell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorell,_Tasmania"},{"link_name":"Derwent Valley Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derwent_Valley_Council"},{"link_name":"New Norfolk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Norfolk,_Tasmania"}],"text":"A view of Cross Street, New Town, with backdrop of Mount Wellington\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1906 Federation architecture in Cross Street, New Town\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1835 St John's Anglican Church, New Townvte Suburbs of Hobart, TasmaniaCity of Hobart\nBattery Point\nCascades\nCBD\nCornelian Bay\nDynnyrne\nFern Tree\nGlebe\nLenah Valley\nMount Nelson\nMount Stuart\nNew Town\nNorth Hobart\nRidgeway\nSandy Bay\nSouth Hobart\nTolmans Hill\nWest Hobart\nCity of Glenorchy\nAustins Ferry\nBerriedale\nChigwell\nClaremont\nCollinsvale\nDerwent Park\nDowsing Point\nGlenlusk\nGlenorchy\nGoodwood\nGranton\nLutana\nMontrose\nMoonah\nRosetta\nWest Moonah\nCity of Clarence\nActon Park\nBellerive\nCambridge\nClarendon Vale\nClifton Beach\nCremorne\nFlagstaff Gully\nGeilston Bay\nHowrah\nLauderdale\nLindisfarne\nMontagu Bay\nMornington\nMount Rumney\nOakdowns\nOpossum Bay\nOtago\nRisdon\nRisdon Vale\nRoches Beach\nRokeby\nRose Bay\nRosny\nRosny Park\nSandford\nSeven Mile Beach\nSouth Arm\nTranmere\nWarrane\nKingborough Council\nBarretta\nBlackmans Bay\nBonnet Hill\nConingham\nElectrona\nHowden\nHuntingfield\nKingston\nKingston Beach\nLower Snug\nMaranoa Heights\nMargate\nSnug\nTaroona\nTinderbox\nBrighton Council\nBridgewater\nBrighton\nGagebrook\nGreen Point\nOld Beach\nSorell Council\nDodges Ferry\nMidway Point\nPenna\nSorell\nDerwent Valley Council\nNew Norfolk","title":"Gallery"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). \"New Town (Qld) (State Suburb)\". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 14 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","url_text":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC60446","url_text":"\"New Town (Qld) (State Suburb)\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Story of New Town, Hobart's First Suburb\". ourtasmania.com.au. Tasmanian Travel & Information Centre. Retrieved 25 May 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/hobart/new-town.html","url_text":"\"The Story of New Town, Hobart's First Suburb\""}]},{"reference":"Premier Postal History. \"Post Office List\". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 16 June 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=tas&country=","url_text":"\"Post Office List\""}]},{"reference":"\"Launch pad in place for video monolith\", Australasian Business Intelligence, COMTEX News Network, Inc: 1008154i1569, 3 June 2002, ISSN 1320-6680","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1320-6680","url_text":"1320-6680"}]},{"reference":"Richards, Blair (24 July 2019). \"Video City inundated by customers as it sells off its extensive DVD collection\". The Mercury (Hobart). Retrieved 10 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.themercury.com.au/news/video-city-inundated-by-customers-as-it-sells-off-its-extensive-dvd-collection/news-story/a3a598f2ccafe0b367ca140f8050cce4","url_text":"\"Video City inundated by customers as it sells off its extensive DVD collection\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mercury_(Hobart)","url_text":"The Mercury (Hobart)"}]},{"reference":"College, Sacred Heart (8 April 2023). \"Homepage\". Sacred Heart College.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.shc.tas.edu.au/","url_text":"\"Homepage\""}]},{"reference":"\"Home - New Town Primary School\". New Town Primary School Website.","urls":[{"url":"https://newtownprimary.education.tas.edu.au/","url_text":"\"Home - New Town Primary School\""}]},{"reference":"\"4 Bedroom Properties for Sale in New Town, TAS 7008\". realestate.com.au.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.realestate.com.au/buy/with-4-bedrooms-in-new+town,+tas+7008/list-1","url_text":"\"4 Bedroom Properties for Sale in New Town, TAS 7008\""}]},{"reference":"\"29 Stoke Street, New Town, Tas 7008 - House for Sale #107279798 - realestate.com.au\". Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110515071722/http://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-tas-new+town-107279798","url_text":"\"29 Stoke Street, New Town, Tas 7008 - House for Sale #107279798 - realestate.com.au\""},{"url":"http://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-tas-new+town-107279798","url_text":"the original"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_Town,_Tasmania¶ms=42_51_34_S_147_18_20_E_type:city_region:AU-TAS","external_links_name":"42°51′34″S 147°18′20″E / 42.85944°S 147.30556°E / -42.85944; 147.30556"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_Town,_Tasmania¶ms=42_51_34_S_147_18_20_E_type:city_region:AU-TAS","external_links_name":"42°51′34″S 147°18′20″E / 42.85944°S 147.30556°E / -42.85944; 147.30556"},{"Link":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC60446","external_links_name":"\"New Town (Qld) (State Suburb)\""},{"Link":"https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/hobart/new-town.html","external_links_name":"\"The Story of New Town, Hobart's First Suburb\""},{"Link":"https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=tas&country=","external_links_name":"\"Post Office List\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1320-6680","external_links_name":"1320-6680"},{"Link":"https://www.themercury.com.au/news/video-city-inundated-by-customers-as-it-sells-off-its-extensive-dvd-collection/news-story/a3a598f2ccafe0b367ca140f8050cce4","external_links_name":"\"Video City inundated by customers as it sells off its extensive DVD collection\""},{"Link":"https://ogilviehighschooltas.org/","external_links_name":"Ogilvie High School web site"},{"Link":"https://newtownhighschooltas.org/","external_links_name":"Newtown High School web site"},{"Link":"https://www.shc.tas.edu.au/","external_links_name":"\"Homepage\""},{"Link":"https://newtownprimary.education.tas.edu.au/","external_links_name":"\"Home - New Town Primary School\""},{"Link":"https://www.realestate.com.au/buy/with-4-bedrooms-in-new+town,+tas+7008/list-1","external_links_name":"\"4 Bedroom Properties for Sale in New Town, TAS 7008\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110515071722/http://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-tas-new+town-107279798","external_links_name":"\"29 Stoke Street, New Town, Tas 7008 - House for Sale #107279798 - realestate.com.au\""},{"Link":"http://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-tas-new+town-107279798","external_links_name":"the original"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krynica,_Che%C5%82m_County | Krynica, Chełm County | ["1 References"] | Coordinates: 51°00′57″N 23°52′43″E / 51.01583°N 23.87861°E / 51.01583; 23.87861For other places with the same name, see Krynica (disambiguation).
Village in Lublin Voivodeship, PolandKrynicaVillageKrynicaCoordinates: 51°00′57″N 23°52′43″E / 51.01583°N 23.87861°E / 51.01583; 23.87861Country PolandVoivodeshipLublinCountyChełmGminaDubienka
Krynica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubienka, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.
References
^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
vteGmina DubienkaSeat
Dubienka
Other villages
Brzozowiec
Holendry
Janostrów
Jasienica
Józefów
Kajetanówka
Krynica
Lipniki
Mateuszowo
Nowokajetanówka
Radziejów
Rogatka
Siedliszcze
Skryhiczyn
Stanisławówka
Starosiele
Tuchanie
Uchańka
Zagórnik
This Chełm County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Krynica (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krynica_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"[krɨˈnit͡sa]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish"},{"link_name":"village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village"},{"link_name":"Gmina Dubienka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina_Dubienka"},{"link_name":"Chełm County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m_County"},{"link_name":"Lublin Voivodeship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TERYT-1"}],"text":"For other places with the same name, see Krynica (disambiguation).Village in Lublin Voivodeship, PolandKrynica [krɨˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubienka, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.[1]","title":"Krynica, Chełm County"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa","url_text":"\"Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Krynica,_Che%C5%82m_County¶ms=51_00_57_N_23_52_43_E_type:city_region:PL-06","external_links_name":"51°00′57″N 23°52′43″E / 51.01583°N 23.87861°E / 51.01583; 23.87861"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Krynica,_Che%C5%82m_County¶ms=51_00_57_N_23_52_43_E_type:city_region:PL-06","external_links_name":"51°00′57″N 23°52′43″E / 51.01583°N 23.87861°E / 51.01583; 23.87861"},{"Link":"http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa","external_links_name":"\"Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krynica,_Che%C5%82m_County&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Cemetery_(Waterbury,_Connecticut) | Riverside Cemetery (Waterbury, Connecticut) | ["1 History","2 Notable Burials","3 Gallery","4 Citations","5 References","6 External links"] | Coordinates: 41°32′53″N 73°02′57″W / 41.548055°N 73.049043°W / 41.548055; -73.049043 (Riverside Cemetery)Historic cemetery in Waterbury, Connecticut, USA
United States historic placeRiverside CemeteryU.S. National Register of Historic Places
The Elton Memorial Vase at the entrance to Riverside CemeteryShow map of ConnecticutShow map of the United StatesLocation496 Riverside St, Waterbury, Connecticut 06708Coordinates41°32′53″N 73°02′57″W / 41.548055°N 73.049043°W / 41.548055; -73.049043 (Riverside Cemetery)Built1853 (1853)Architectural styleGothicNRHP reference No.88001525Added to NRHPSeptember 20, 1988
Riverside Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 496 Riverside Street in Waterbury, Connecticut on the western bank of the Naugatuck River.
Dedicated on September 24, 1853, it is 36.4-acre (14.7 ha) in size and includes winding tree-lined paths, upper and lower ponds and an array of funerary monuments in the gothic, neo-classical, and romantic style. The property also includes many older burials and headstones dating back to the late 1700s which were relocated from the defunct Grand Street burial ground.
The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
History
From the late 1700s to the mid 1800s, burials in Waterbury took place at the old burial grounds now known as Library Park on Grand Street. The first suggestion for a new cemetery in Waterbury was made in 1849 by Dr. Amos S. Blake. An association was formed on March 6, 1850 and money was raised through the sale of burial lots.
The bronze statue, Wisdom, on the Benedict family monument was designed by Truman Howe Bartlett in 1871 and sculpted by Ferdinand von Miller in 1872.
Hall Memorial Chapel designed by Robert W. Hill
The modern Gothic Hall Memorial Chapel was designed by noted Waterbury architect Robert W. Hill and completed in 1885.
The monument to Civil War Colonel John Lyman Chatfield was designed by George Edwin Bissell and was unveiled at a ceremony on September 13, 1887.
The Elton Memorial Vase sits at the entrance of the cemetery. It was designed by George Edwin Bissell and cast by Fonderia Galli in 1905. The bronze monument depicts four scenes from the Life of Christ. The first side depicts the adoration of the Wise Men; the second side, the Crucifixion; the third side, the entombment; and the fourth side, the Resurrection. Decorative figures carrying wreaths form the handles with the vase supported by cherubs. The large bronze figures on the side of the vase depict Grief and Faith.
Notable Burials
Ruth Muskrat Bronson (1897-1982), Cherokee poet, educator and Native-American rights activist
Calvin Holmes Carter (1829 -1887), politician
Franklin Carter (1837 -1919), president of Williams College
John Lyman Chatfield (1826 -1863), U.S. Civil War Union Army Colonel
Augustus Sabin Chase (1828 -1896), industrialist
John Prince Elton (1809 -1864), industrialist
Fortune, (1743 -1798), African-American slave
Edward Wheeler Goss (1893 -1972), U.S. Congressman
Wilfred E. Griggs (1866-1918), architect
Robert W. Hill (1828 -1909), architect
David Hoadley (1774 -1839), architect
Stephen Wright Kellogg (1822 -1904), U.S. Congressman
Green Kendrick (1798 -1873), 43rd Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut
George L. Lilley (1859 -1909), U.S. Congressman, 63rd Governor of Connecticut
William Hampton Patton (1853-1918), entomologist
Charles A. Templeton (1871-1955), 68th Governor of Connecticut
Allen B. Wilson (1823 -1888), inventor and sewing machine manufacturer
Gallery
The bronze elk statue by Eli Harvey adorns the grave of Edward Leach, exalted ruler of New York Elk Lodge No. 1
The John Lyman Chatfield Monument by George Edwin Bissell was unveiled in 1887
The Booth monument
The statue, Wisdom, on the Benedict Family Monument was designed by Truman Howe Bartlett and sculpted by Ferdinand von Miller
A view from the hill
Citations
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
^ "History of Riverside Cemetery". www.riversidecemeteryct.org. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
^ Guest, Raechel. "Waterbury Thoughts: Library Park History". www.waterburythoughts.blogspot.com. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
^ Anderson 1889, p. 5.
^ Anderson 1896, pp. 786–787.
^ a b "History of Riverside Cemetery". www.riversidecemetery.org. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
^ Anderson 1896, pp. 1038–1039.
^ Anderson 1889, p. 11.
^ a b Anderson 1896, p. 1208.
^ "Elton Vase, (sculpture)". www.collections.si.edu. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
^ Magazine of Art, Volume 3. Washington, D.C.: The American Federation of Arts. 1911. pp. 548–549. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
^ "Edward Leach". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
References
Anderson, Joseph (1889). Book of the Riverside Cemetery, Waterbury, Conn. Press of the Waterbury Printing Company.
Anderson, Joseph (1896). The town and city of Waterbury, Connecticut. The Price & Lee Company.
External links
Media related to Riverside Cemetery (Waterbury, Connecticut) at Wikimedia Commons
Riverside Cemetery at Find A Grave
Riverside Cemetery Association website
National Register of Historic Places listing
vteWaterbury, ConnecticutAreas
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Landmarks
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Benedict-Miller House
Beth El Synagogue
Bishop School
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Elton Hotel
Enoch Hibbard House and George Granniss House
Hamilton Park
Lewis Fulton Memorial Park
Riverside Cemetery
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Waterbury station (Train Service)
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Education
Waterbury Public Schools
Crosby HS
John F. Kennedy HS
Waterbury Career Academy
Waterbury Arts Magnet School
Holy Cross HS
Post University
Closed
Sacred Heart HS
Waterbury Catholic HS
Media
Republican-American
This list is incomplete.
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Category | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rural cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_cemetery"},{"link_name":"Waterbury, Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Naugatuck River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naugatuck_River"},{"link_name":"gothic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture"},{"link_name":"neo-classical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"}],"text":"Historic cemetery in Waterbury, Connecticut, USAUnited States historic placeRiverside Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 496 Riverside Street in Waterbury, Connecticut on the western bank of the Naugatuck River.Dedicated on September 24, 1853, it is 36.4-acre (14.7 ha) in size and includes winding tree-lined paths, upper and lower ponds and an array of funerary monuments in the gothic, neo-classical, and romantic style.[2] The property also includes many older burials and headstones dating back to the late 1700s which were relocated from the defunct Grand Street burial ground.The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.","title":"Riverside Cemetery (Waterbury, Connecticut)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Library Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_Park_(Waterbury,_Connecticut)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson18895-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1896786%E2%80%93787-5"},{"link_name":"Wisdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdom"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-History-6"},{"link_name":"Truman Howe Bartlett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truman_Howe_Bartlett"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand von Miller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Miller"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson18961038%E2%80%931039-7"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Riverside_Cemetery_Waterbury_Chapel_and_Gate.png"},{"link_name":"Robert W. Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Hill"},{"link_name":"modern Gothic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Gothic"},{"link_name":"Robert W. Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Hill"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson188911-8"},{"link_name":"John Lyman Chatfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lyman_Chatfield"},{"link_name":"George Edwin Bissell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Edwin_Bissell"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson18961208-9"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-History-6"},{"link_name":"cast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_(metalworking)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Life of Christ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament"},{"link_name":"adoration of the Wise Men","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi"},{"link_name":"Crucifixion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"entombment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"Resurrection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"Grief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grief"},{"link_name":"Faith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"From the late 1700s to the mid 1800s, burials in Waterbury took place at the old burial grounds now known as Library Park on Grand Street.[3] The first suggestion for a new cemetery in Waterbury was made in 1849 by Dr. Amos S. Blake.[4] An association was formed on March 6, 1850 and money was raised through the sale of burial lots.[5]The bronze statue, Wisdom, on the Benedict family monument[6] was designed by Truman Howe Bartlett in 1871 and sculpted by Ferdinand von Miller in 1872.[7]Hall Memorial Chapel designed by Robert W. HillThe modern Gothic Hall Memorial Chapel was designed by noted Waterbury architect Robert W. Hill and completed in 1885.[8]The monument to Civil War Colonel John Lyman Chatfield was designed by George Edwin Bissell and was unveiled at a ceremony on September 13, 1887.[9]The Elton Memorial Vase sits at the entrance of the cemetery.[6] It was designed by George Edwin Bissell and cast by Fonderia Galli in 1905.[10] The bronze monument depicts four scenes from the Life of Christ. The first side depicts the adoration of the Wise Men; the second side, the Crucifixion; the third side, the entombment; and the fourth side, the Resurrection. Decorative figures carrying wreaths form the handles with the vase supported by cherubs. The large bronze figures on the side of the vase depict Grief and Faith.[11]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ruth Muskrat Bronson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Muskrat_Bronson"},{"link_name":"Cherokee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee"},{"link_name":"Calvin Holmes Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Holmes_Carter"},{"link_name":"Franklin Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Carter"},{"link_name":"John Lyman Chatfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lyman_Chatfield"},{"link_name":"Augustus Sabin Chase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Sabin_Chase"},{"link_name":"John Prince Elton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Prince_Elton"},{"link_name":"Fortune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_(American_slave)"},{"link_name":"Edward Wheeler Goss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Wheeler_Goss"},{"link_name":"Wilfred E. Griggs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_E._Griggs"},{"link_name":"Robert W. Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Hill"},{"link_name":"David Hoadley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hoadley_(architect)"},{"link_name":"Stephen Wright Kellogg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wright_Kellogg"},{"link_name":"Green Kendrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Kendrick"},{"link_name":"George L. Lilley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_L._Lilley"},{"link_name":"William Hampton Patton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hampton_Patton"},{"link_name":"Charles A. Templeton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Templeton"},{"link_name":"Allen B. Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_B._Wilson"}],"text":"Ruth Muskrat Bronson (1897-1982), Cherokee poet, educator and Native-American rights activist\nCalvin Holmes Carter (1829 -1887), politician\nFranklin Carter (1837 -1919), president of Williams College\nJohn Lyman Chatfield (1826 -1863), U.S. Civil War Union Army Colonel\nAugustus Sabin Chase (1828 -1896), industrialist\nJohn Prince Elton (1809 -1864), industrialist\nFortune, (1743 -1798), African-American slave\nEdward Wheeler Goss (1893 -1972), U.S. Congressman\nWilfred E. Griggs (1866-1918), architect\nRobert W. Hill (1828 -1909), architect\nDavid Hoadley (1774 -1839), architect\nStephen Wright Kellogg (1822 -1904), U.S. Congressman\nGreen Kendrick (1798 -1873), 43rd Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut\nGeorge L. Lilley (1859 -1909), U.S. Congressman, 63rd Governor of Connecticut\nWilliam Hampton Patton (1853-1918), entomologist\nCharles A. Templeton (1871-1955), 68th Governor of Connecticut\nAllen B. Wilson (1823 -1888), inventor and sewing machine manufacturer","title":"Notable Burials"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monument_to_Edward_Leach_(Elk_Statue_by_Eli_Harvey),_Riverside_Cemetery,_Waterbury,_CT_-_September_2014.JPG"},{"link_name":"Eli Harvey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Harvey"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Lyman_Chatfield_Monument_by_George_Edwin_Bissell,_Riverside_Cemetery,_Waterbury,_CT_-_February_2016.JPG"},{"link_name":"John Lyman Chatfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lyman_Chatfield"},{"link_name":"George Edwin Bissell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Edwin_Bissell"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson18961208-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Booth_Statue.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benedict_Monument_by_Ferdinand_von_Miller,_Riverside_Cemetery,_Waterbury,_CT_-_January_2016.JPG"},{"link_name":"Truman Howe Bartlett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truman_Howe_Bartlett"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand von Miller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Miller"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:High_view.jpg"}],"text":"The bronze elk statue by Eli Harvey adorns the grave of Edward Leach, exalted ruler of New York Elk Lodge No. 1[12]\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe John Lyman Chatfield Monument by George Edwin Bissell was unveiled in 1887[9]\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe Booth monument\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe statue, Wisdom, on the Benedict Family Monument was designed by Truman Howe Bartlett and sculpted by Ferdinand von Miller\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tA view from the hill","title":"Gallery"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nris_1-0"},{"link_name":"\"National Register Information System\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"National Park Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"History of Riverside Cemetery\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//riversidecemeteryct.org/history.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"\"Waterbury Thoughts: Library Park History\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//waterburythoughts.blogspot.com/2018/03/library-park.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson18895_4-0"},{"link_name":"Anderson 1889","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFAnderson1889"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1896786%E2%80%93787_5-0"},{"link_name":"Anderson 1896","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFAnderson1896"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-History_6-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-History_6-1"},{"link_name":"\"History of Riverside Cemetery\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.riversidecemeteryct.org/history.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson18961038%E2%80%931039_7-0"},{"link_name":"Anderson 1896","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFAnderson1896"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson188911_8-0"},{"link_name":"Anderson 1889","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFAnderson1889"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson18961208_9-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson18961208_9-1"},{"link_name":"Anderson 1896","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFAnderson1896"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"\"Elton Vase, (sculpture)\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_ari_318413"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"Magazine of Art, Volume 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=EMFIAQAAMAAJ&q=elton+vase+riverside+cemetery&pg=PA548"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"\"Edward Leach\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.findagrave.com/memorial/9469006/edward-leach"}],"text":"^ \"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.\n\n^ \"History of Riverside Cemetery\". www.riversidecemeteryct.org. Retrieved 16 July 2020.\n\n^ Guest, Raechel. \"Waterbury Thoughts: Library Park History\". www.waterburythoughts.blogspot.com. Retrieved 18 July 2020.\n\n^ Anderson 1889, p. 5.\n\n^ Anderson 1896, pp. 786–787.\n\n^ a b \"History of Riverside Cemetery\". www.riversidecemetery.org. Retrieved 21 July 2020.\n\n^ Anderson 1896, pp. 1038–1039.\n\n^ Anderson 1889, p. 11.\n\n^ a b Anderson 1896, p. 1208.\n\n^ \"Elton Vase, (sculpture)\". www.collections.si.edu. Retrieved 21 July 2020.\n\n^ Magazine of Art, Volume 3. Washington, D.C.: The American Federation of Arts. 1911. pp. 548–549. Retrieved 21 July 2020.\n\n^ \"Edward Leach\". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 21 July 2020.","title":"Citations"}] | [{"image_text":"Hall Memorial Chapel designed by Robert W. Hill","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Riverside_Cemetery_Waterbury_Chapel_and_Gate.png/220px-Riverside_Cemetery_Waterbury_Chapel_and_Gate.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","url_text":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places","url_text":"National Register of Historic Places"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"\"History of Riverside Cemetery\". www.riversidecemeteryct.org. Retrieved 16 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://riversidecemeteryct.org/history.html","url_text":"\"History of Riverside Cemetery\""}]},{"reference":"Guest, Raechel. \"Waterbury Thoughts: Library Park History\". www.waterburythoughts.blogspot.com. 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Retrieved 21 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9469006/edward-leach","url_text":"\"Edward Leach\""}]},{"reference":"Anderson, Joseph (1889). Book of the Riverside Cemetery, Waterbury, Conn. Press of the Waterbury Printing Company.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=WfkFCig5gNYC","url_text":"Book of the Riverside Cemetery, Waterbury, Conn"}]},{"reference":"Anderson, Joseph (1896). The town and city of Waterbury, Connecticut. The Price & Lee Company.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/towncityofwaterb03ande_0/page/n5/mode/2up?q=riverside+cemetery","url_text":"The town and city of Waterbury, Connecticut"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Riverside_Cemetery_(Waterbury,_Connecticut)¶ms=41.548055_N_73.049043_W_region:US_type:landmark&title=Riverside+Cemetery","external_links_name":"41°32′53″N 73°02′57″W / 41.548055°N 73.049043°W / 41.548055; -73.049043 (Riverside Cemetery)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Riverside_Cemetery_(Waterbury,_Connecticut)¶ms=41.548055_N_73.049043_W_region:US_type:landmark&title=Riverside+Cemetery","external_links_name":"41°32′53″N 73°02′57″W / 41.548055°N 73.049043°W / 41.548055; -73.049043 (Riverside Cemetery)"},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/88001525","external_links_name":"88001525"},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","external_links_name":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"Link":"https://riversidecemeteryct.org/history.html","external_links_name":"\"History of Riverside Cemetery\""},{"Link":"http://waterburythoughts.blogspot.com/2018/03/library-park.html","external_links_name":"\"Waterbury Thoughts: Library Park History\""},{"Link":"https://www.riversidecemeteryct.org/history.html","external_links_name":"\"History of Riverside Cemetery\""},{"Link":"https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_ari_318413","external_links_name":"\"Elton Vase, (sculpture)\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=EMFIAQAAMAAJ&q=elton+vase+riverside+cemetery&pg=PA548","external_links_name":"Magazine of Art, Volume 3"},{"Link":"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9469006/edward-leach","external_links_name":"\"Edward Leach\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=WfkFCig5gNYC","external_links_name":"Book of the Riverside Cemetery, Waterbury, Conn"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/towncityofwaterb03ande_0/page/n5/mode/2up?q=riverside+cemetery","external_links_name":"The town and city of Waterbury, Connecticut"},{"Link":"https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/103607/riverside-cemetery","external_links_name":"Riverside Cemetery"},{"Link":"https://riversidecemeteryct.org/","external_links_name":"Riverside Cemetery Association website"},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/85fefb61-1675-4df6-9bb4-aa743f15f625","external_links_name":"National Register of Historic Places listing"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfield,_Queensland | Corfield, Queensland | ["1 Geography","2 History","3 Facilities","4 Events","5 References","6 External links"] | Coordinates: 21°42′47″S 143°22′30″E / 21.7130°S 143.375°E / -21.7130; 143.375
Town in Queensland, AustraliaCorfieldQueenslandThe historic Corfield Pub. A sign promoting the Corfield Cup can also be seen.CorfieldCoordinates21°42′47″S 143°22′30″E / 21.7130°S 143.375°E / -21.7130; 143.375Population183 (2016 census)Postcode(s)4733Location 85 km (53 mi) NE of Winton 553 km (344 mi) SE of Mount Isa 513 km (319 mi) SW of Townsville 1,438 km (894 mi) NW of Brisbane LGA(s)Shire of WintonState electorate(s)GregoryFederal division(s)Maranoa
Localities around Corfield:
AlbionKynuna
Stamford
Tangorin
Middleton
Corfield
Prairie
OpaltonWinton
Longreach
Muttaburra
Corfield is a town and locality in the Shire of Winton in north-western Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Corfield had a population of 183 people.
Geography
The town is on the Kennedy Developmental Road—the road linking Winton and Hughenden—1,438 kilometres (894 mi) north west of the state capital Brisbane and 513 kilometres (319 mi) south west of the regional centre of Townsville. The Landsborough Highway also passes through the locality (but not through the town) merging with the Kennedy Developmental Road just before crossing into Winton. The Central Western railway line passes through the south of the locality to its terminus at Winton railway station.
The Richmond–Winton Road follows a section of the north-western boundary.
The principal land use is cattle grazing.
As the boundaries of Winton hug the grid layout of its streets, a number of Winton's facilities are actually located in Corfield. These include the Winton Golf Course and the Winton Showground and Racecourse. As Winton uses bore water from the Great Artesian Basin, this water emerges at 83 to 86 °C (181 to 187 °F) and is cooled in ponds in Corfield to 44 °C (111 °F) before it is circulated through Winton.
History
Jirandali (also known as Yirandali, Warungu, Yirandhali) is an Australian Aboriginal language of North-West Queensland, particularly the Hughenden area. The language region includes the local government area of the Shire of Flinders, including Dutton River, Flinders River, Mount Sturgeon, Caledonia, Richmond, Corfield, Winton, Torrens, Tower Hill, Landsborough Creek, Lammermoor Station, Hughenden, and Tangorin.
In its earlier incarnation as a Cobb & Co changing station along the Hughenden to Winton mail route, the locality was named Manuka—after a nearby sheep station.
When the railway linking Hughenden and Winton was built in 1899, the town was moved 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west to the line and renamed Corfield after William Henry Corfield—a local carrier and businessman, who, as Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Gregory 1888-99 lobbied for the rail link. The population of the town peaked at around thirty to forty residents and facilities included "five railway houses, plus the station master’s house, a post office, two petrol depots, a hotel and a school and teacher’s house ... a goods shed and railway building."
Corfield Post Office opened on 5 October 1898 and closed in 1991.
Corfield State School opened on 4 February 1957 and closed on 31 January 1975. It reopened on 27 January 1976 but closed again on 15 December 1989.
At the 2006 census, Corfield and the surrounding area had a population of 162.
At the 2011 census, Corfield and the surrounding area had a population of 380.
In the 2016 census, the locality of Corfield had a population of 183 people.
Facilities
Corfield has since declined and now has a permanent village population of seven. The Corfield Pub is the main community facility in the village.
The nearest primary and secondary schools are in Winton.
Events
The major social event in Corfield is the Corfield Cup horse race run in early August—a pun on the better known Caulfield Cup horse race run in Melbourne.
References
^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Corfield (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
^ a b "Corfield – town (entry 8455)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
^ "Corfield – locality (entry 49357)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
^ a b c "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
^ Corfield, Queensland (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
^ "Artesian Bore Water". Experience Winton. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Guugu Yimithirr". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
^ a b c "Corfield". Experience Winton. Winton Shire Council. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
^ "Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools". Queensland Government. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
^ a b c "Corfield". Queensland Holidays. Tourism Queensland. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Corfield.
Town map of Corfield, 1976
vteTowns and localities in the Shire of Winton, Queensland
Corfield
Kynuna
Middleton
Opalton
Winton
Main Article: Local government areas of Queensland | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"locality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbs_and_localities_(Australia)"},{"link_name":"Shire of Winton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_of_Winton"},{"link_name":"Queensland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-qpnt-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-qpnl-3"},{"link_name":"2016 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Australian_census"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census2016-1"}],"text":"Town in Queensland, AustraliaCorfield is a town and locality in the Shire of Winton in north-western Queensland, Australia.[2][3] In the 2016 census, Corfield had a population of 183 people.[1]","title":"Corfield, Queensland"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kennedy Developmental Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Developmental_Road"},{"link_name":"Winton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winton,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Hughenden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughenden,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Brisbane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane"},{"link_name":"Townsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsville"},{"link_name":"Landsborough Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsborough_Highway"},{"link_name":"Winton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winton,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Central Western railway line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Western_railway_line,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Winton railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winton_railway_station"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-globe2-4"},{"link_name":"Richmond–Winton Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond%E2%80%93Winton_Road"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-globe2-4"},{"link_name":"bore water","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore_water"},{"link_name":"Great Artesian Basin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"The town is on the Kennedy Developmental Road—the road linking Winton and Hughenden—1,438 kilometres (894 mi) north west of the state capital Brisbane and 513 kilometres (319 mi) south west of the regional centre of Townsville. The Landsborough Highway also passes through the locality (but not through the town) merging with the Kennedy Developmental Road just before crossing into Winton. The Central Western railway line passes through the south of the locality to its terminus at Winton railway station.[4]\nThe Richmond–Winton Road follows a section of the north-western boundary. [5]The principal land use is cattle grazing.[4]As the boundaries of Winton hug the grid layout of its streets, a number of Winton's facilities are actually located in Corfield. These include the Winton Golf Course and the Winton Showground and Racecourse. As Winton uses bore water from the Great Artesian Basin, this water emerges at 83 to 86 °C (181 to 187 °F) and is cooled in ponds in Corfield to 44 °C (111 °F) before it is circulated through Winton.[6]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jirandali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yirandhali_language"},{"link_name":"Australian Aboriginal language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_language"},{"link_name":"North-West Queensland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Hughenden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughenden,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Shire of Flinders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_of_Flinders_(Queensland)"},{"link_name":"Dutton River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutton_River"},{"link_name":"Flinders River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flinders_River"},{"link_name":"Caledonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcaldine_Region"},{"link_name":"Richmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Winton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winton,_Queensland"},{"link_name":"Tangorin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangorin"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Cobb & Co","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobb_%26_Co"},{"link_name":"sheep station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep_station"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ExperienceWinton-8"},{"link_name":"railway linking Hughenden and Winton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winton_Branch_Railway_(Queensland)"},{"link_name":"William Henry Corfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Corfield_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Queensland Legislative Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Legislative_Assembly"},{"link_name":"Gregory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Gregory"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ExperienceWinton-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-qpnt-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ExperienceWinton-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Post_Office-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-qs-10"},{"link_name":"2006 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Australian_census"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census2006-11"},{"link_name":"2011 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Australian_census"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census2011-12"},{"link_name":"2016 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Australian_census"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census2016-1"}],"text":"Jirandali (also known as Yirandali, Warungu, Yirandhali) is an Australian Aboriginal language of North-West Queensland, particularly the Hughenden area. The language region includes the local government area of the Shire of Flinders, including Dutton River, Flinders River, Mount Sturgeon, Caledonia, Richmond, Corfield, Winton, Torrens, Tower Hill, Landsborough Creek, Lammermoor Station, Hughenden, and Tangorin.[7]In its earlier incarnation as a Cobb & Co changing station along the Hughenden to Winton mail route, the locality was named Manuka—after a nearby sheep station.[8]When the railway linking Hughenden and Winton was built in 1899, the town was moved 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west to the line and renamed Corfield after William Henry Corfield—a local carrier and businessman, who, as Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Gregory 1888-99 lobbied for the rail link.[8][2] The population of the town peaked at around thirty to forty residents and facilities included \"five railway houses, plus the station master’s house, a post office, two petrol depots, a hotel and a school and teacher’s house ... a goods shed and railway building.\"[8]Corfield Post Office opened on 5 October 1898 and closed in 1991.[9]Corfield State School opened on 4 February 1957 and closed on 31 January 1975. It reopened on 27 January 1976 but closed again on 15 December 1989.[10]At the 2006 census, Corfield and the surrounding area had a population of 162.[11]At the 2011 census, Corfield and the surrounding area had a population of 380.[12]In the 2016 census, the locality of Corfield had a population of 183 people.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-QldHolidays-13"},{"link_name":"Pub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubs_in_Australia"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-QldHolidays-13"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-globe2-4"}],"text":"Corfield has since declined and now has a permanent village population of seven.[13] The Corfield Pub is the main community facility in the village.[13]The nearest primary and secondary schools are in Winton.[4]","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Caulfield Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulfield_Cup"},{"link_name":"Melbourne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-QldHolidays-13"}],"text":"The major social event in Corfield is the Corfield Cup horse race run in early August—a pun on the better known Caulfield Cup horse race run in Melbourne.[13]","title":"Events"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). \"Corfield (SSC)\". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","url_text":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC30727","url_text":"\"Corfield (SSC)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Corfield – town (entry 8455)\". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=Corfield&types=0&place=Corfield8455","url_text":"\"Corfield – town (entry 8455)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Government","url_text":"Queensland Government"}]},{"reference":"\"Corfield – locality (entry 49357)\". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=Corfield&types=0&place=Corfield49357","url_text":"\"Corfield – locality (entry 49357)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Government","url_text":"Queensland Government"}]},{"reference":"\"Queensland Globe\". State of Queensland. Retrieved 11 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://qldglobe.information.qld.gov.au/","url_text":"\"Queensland Globe\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Queensland","url_text":"State of Queensland"}]},{"reference":"Corfield, Queensland (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 13 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/11677496#map=9/-21.6842/143.0250","url_text":"Corfield, Queensland"}]},{"reference":"\"Artesian Bore Water\". Experience Winton. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.experiencewinton.com.au/artesian-bore-water","url_text":"\"Artesian Bore Water\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181212055740/http://www.experiencewinton.com.au/artesian-bore-water","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Guugu Yimithirr\". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 28 January 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/69?embed=true","url_text":"\"Guugu Yimithirr\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland","url_text":"State Library of Queensland"}]},{"reference":"\"Corfield\". Experience Winton. Winton Shire Council. Retrieved 22 April 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.experiencewinton.com.au/corfield","url_text":"\"Corfield\""}]},{"reference":"Premier Postal History. \"Post Office List\". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 10 May 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country=","url_text":"\"Post Office List\""}]},{"reference":"\"Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools\". Queensland Government. Retrieved 5 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://education.qld.gov.au/about-us/history/school-anniversaries/opening-closing-dates","url_text":"\"Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Government","url_text":"Queensland Government"}]},{"reference":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). \"Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)\". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 22 April 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","url_text":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2006/SSC35701","url_text":"\"Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)\""}]},{"reference":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). \"Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)\". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 6 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","url_text":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2011/SSC30433","url_text":"\"Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Corfield\". Queensland Holidays. Tourism Queensland. Retrieved 22 April 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/destinations/outback/places-to-visit/corfield/index.cfm","url_text":"\"Corfield\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Corfield,_Queensland¶ms=21.713_S_143.375_E_type:city_region:AU-QLD","external_links_name":"21°42′47″S 143°22′30″E / 21.7130°S 143.375°E / -21.7130; 143.375"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Corfield,_Queensland¶ms=21.713_S_143.375_E_type:city_region:AU-QLD","external_links_name":"21°42′47″S 143°22′30″E / 21.7130°S 143.375°E / -21.7130; 143.375"},{"Link":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC30727","external_links_name":"\"Corfield (SSC)\""},{"Link":"https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=Corfield&types=0&place=Corfield8455","external_links_name":"\"Corfield – town (entry 8455)\""},{"Link":"https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=Corfield&types=0&place=Corfield49357","external_links_name":"\"Corfield – locality (entry 49357)\""},{"Link":"https://qldglobe.information.qld.gov.au/","external_links_name":"\"Queensland Globe\""},{"Link":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/11677496#map=9/-21.6842/143.0250","external_links_name":"Corfield, Queensland"},{"Link":"http://www.experiencewinton.com.au/artesian-bore-water","external_links_name":"\"Artesian Bore Water\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181212055740/http://www.experiencewinton.com.au/artesian-bore-water","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/home/copyright","external_links_name":"licensed"},{"Link":"https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/69?embed=true","external_links_name":"\"Guugu Yimithirr\""},{"Link":"http://www.experiencewinton.com.au/corfield","external_links_name":"\"Corfield\""},{"Link":"https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country=","external_links_name":"\"Post Office List\""},{"Link":"https://education.qld.gov.au/about-us/history/school-anniversaries/opening-closing-dates","external_links_name":"\"Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools\""},{"Link":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2006/SSC35701","external_links_name":"\"Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)\""},{"Link":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2011/SSC30433","external_links_name":"\"Corfield (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)\""},{"Link":"http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/destinations/outback/places-to-visit/corfield/index.cfm","external_links_name":"\"Corfield\""},{"Link":"https://gisservices.information.qld.gov.au/arcgis/rest/directories/historicalscans/cad_scans/cad-map-town-corfield-1976.jpg","external_links_name":"Town map of Corfield, 1976"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitchfield,_Kentucky | Leitchfield, Kentucky | ["1 History","2 Geography and Geology","2.1 Climate","3 Demographics","4 Education","5 Arts and culture","6 Media","7 References","8 External links"] | Coordinates: 37°29′1″N 86°17′38″W / 37.48361°N 86.29389°W / 37.48361; -86.29389
City in Kentucky, United StatesLeitchfield, KentuckyCityMotto: City of Twin LakesLocation of Leitchfield in Grayson County, Kentucky.Coordinates: 37°29′1″N 86°17′38″W / 37.48361°N 86.29389°W / 37.48361; -86.29389CountryUnited StatesStateKentuckyCountyGraysonIncorporated1866Named forDavid LeitchGovernment • TypeMayor-Council • MayorHarold MillerArea • Total10.79 sq mi (27.96 km2) • Land10.76 sq mi (27.86 km2) • Water0.04 sq mi (0.10 km2)Elevation745 ft (227 m)Population (2020) • Total6,404 • Estimate (2022)6,432 • Density595.33/sq mi (229.85/km2)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)ZIP codes42726, 42054, 42755Area code(s)270 & 364FIPS code21-44686GNIS feature ID0496280Websitewww.leitchfield.org
Leitchfield is the county seat of Grayson County, Kentucky, United States. Leitchfield is a home rule-class city with a population of 6,404 as of the 2020 census.
History
The town was named for Major David Leitch, an aide to Gen. George Washington and the original owner of much land in the county, including the town site, at the eastern end of his holdings. The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1866.
Geography and Geology
Leitchfield lies in the Clifty Area, the sandstone-dominated belt that is usually classified as part of the West Kentucky Coal Field but separates the coalfield from the limestone-rich Pennyroyal Plateau. A fault running through the area puts limestone at or near the surface, and there are quarries west of town. The city is located along the Western Kentucky Parkway at the junction of Kentucky Route 259. U.S. Route 62 intersects 259 near the middle of town. Leitchfield is situated between Rough River Lake to the north and Nolin River Lake to the south.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.9 square miles (28.2 km2), of which 10.8 square miles (28.1 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2), or 0.38%, is water.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Leitchfield has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1860226—187031438.9%188049156.4%189082167.2%190091411.3%19101,05315.2%19201,0772.3%1930950−11.8%19401,14620.6%19501,31214.5%19602,982127.3%19702,9830.0%19804,53352.0%19904,9659.5%20006,13923.6%20106,6999.1%20206,404−4.4%2022 (est.)6,4320.4%U.S. Decennial Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,139 people, 2,485 households, and 1,615 families residing in the city. The population density was 700.1 inhabitants per square mile (270.3/km2). There were 2,797 housing units at an average density of 319.0 per square mile (123.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.63% White, 1.56% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.
There were 2,485 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,108, and the median income for a family was $32,398. Males had a median income of $27,958 versus $18,958 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,033. About 17.5% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.5% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Public education in Leitchfield is administered by Grayson County Public Schools, which operates Grayson County Middle School, H.W. Wilkey Elementary School, Oran P. Lawler Elementary School, and Grayson County High School. Leitchfield Christian Academy is a private institution.
In 1871 and 1872 there was a school in town for black students supported by the Freedmen's Aid Society.
Leitchfield has a lending library, the Grayson County Public Library.
Arts and culture
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The annual Twin Lakes National Fiddler Championship is held each year on the Court Square. Fiddlers from all over the state and region come to Leitchfield to compete for prize money. Thousands attended in the event that was held on July 20, 2013. For more information visit Twin Lakes National Fiddler Championship
Every year, Leitchfield hosts to the Grayson County Fair, which begins the week before Labor Day. The fair features a variety of festivities, including a demolition derby, carnival rides, truck and tractor pulls, field crop contests, and a beauty pageant. The County Fair officially concludes with an annual Labor Day parade.
What started as an ice cream social on the county square in 1992 has turned into a weekend-long festival. Every July, the Ice Cream Festival, now planned and operated by K105, features a beauty pageant, rides, games, a mixed doubles tennis tournament and the largest fireworks show in the area. At 6pm on the Saturday of the festival, free cups of ice cream are given to festival attendees. Each year, the fireworks show is given a theme. Recent themes include "Stars and Stripes Forever" and "Television Classics". In 2009, the event was replaced by Freedom Fest, which was hyped by the newspapers.
Each July, the Grayson County Agricultural Recreation Park in Leitchfield hosts the Grayson County 4-H and FFA Ag Fair. The event features farm and youth events and exhibits such as tractor driving contests, homemaker exhibits, and sheep, hog, horse, dairy and beef shows.
A Memorial Day Parade and Ceremony is held each year on the Saturday before Memorial Day. Hundreds march from the Leitchfield firehouse to the county square holding signs of local veterans who died in various conflicts. The ceremony consists of several speeches, the roll call of local veterans who died in the previous year, and the singing of the National Anthem and Amazing Grace. A cookout is held after the ceremony.
Media
The city of Leitchfield is served by two newspapers, the Grayson County News-Gazette and The Record.
Leitchfield's radio stations are 104.9 WKHG-FM, a.k.a. K105, a Top 40 station, and 870 WMTL-AM, which plays country music and also 103.9 fm The Moose, which is a country channel that plays popular sports talk show Kentucky Sports Radio hosted by Matt Jones. Both stations are owned by Heritage Media of Kentucky. Also, WKHG carries the radio sports broadcasts for Grayson County High School, the University of Kentucky, and the Tennessee Titans.
References
^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ "Summary and Reference Guide to House Bill 331 City Classification Reform" (PDF). Kentucky League of Cities. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Leitchfield city, Kentucky". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^ Collins, Lewis (1877). History of Kentucky. p. 293. ISBN 9780722249208.
^ Commonwealth of Kentucky. Office of the Secretary of State. Land Office. "Leitchfield, Kentucky". Accessed 1 August 2013.
^ Climate Summary for Leitchfield, Kentucky
^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ Lucas, Marion B. (1992). A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891 (PDF). Kentucky Historical Society. p. 250. ISBN 0-916968-32-4. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
^ "Kentucky Public Library Directory". Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
External links
City of Leitchfield official website
Twin Lakes National Fiddler Championship - Nationally Certified Fiddler Championship
vteMunicipalities and communities of Grayson County, Kentucky, United StatesCounty seat: LeitchfieldCities
Caneyville
Clarkson
Leitchfield
Location of Grayson County, KentuckyCDP
Big Clifty
Other unincorporatedcommunities
Anneta
Falls of Rough‡
Fragrant
Grayson Springs
Millerstown
Millwood
Moutardier
Peonia
Pine Knob
Ready
Sadler
Saint Paul
Short Creek
Shrewsbury
Snap
Tar Hill
Wax
Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Kentucky portal
United States portal
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NARA | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Grayson County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayson_County,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR6-3"},{"link_name":"home rule-class city","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kentucky_cities"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2010-5"}],"text":"City in Kentucky, United StatesLeitchfield is the county seat of Grayson County, Kentucky, United States.[3] Leitchfield is a home rule-class city[4] with a population of 6,404 as of the 2020 census.[5]","title":"Leitchfield, Kentucky"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Major","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"David Leitch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leitch_(settler)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"state assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Assembly"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sos-7"}],"text":"The town was named for Major David Leitch, an aide to Gen. George Washington and the original owner of much land in the county, including the town site, at the eastern end of his holdings.[6] The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1866.[7]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"West Kentucky Coal Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Coal_Field"},{"link_name":"Pennyroyal Plateau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennyroyal_Plateau"},{"link_name":"Western Kentucky Parkway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Kentucky_Parkway"},{"link_name":"Kentucky Route 259","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Route_259"},{"link_name":"U.S. Route 62","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_62"},{"link_name":"Rough River Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_River_Lake"},{"link_name":"Nolin River Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolin_River_Lake"},{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2010-5"}],"text":"Leitchfield lies in the Clifty Area, the sandstone-dominated belt that is usually classified as part of the West Kentucky Coal Field but separates the coalfield from the limestone-rich Pennyroyal Plateau. A fault running through the area puts limestone at or near the surface, and there are quarries west of town. The city is located along the Western Kentucky Parkway at the junction of Kentucky Route 259. U.S. Route 62 intersects 259 near the middle of town. Leitchfield is situated between Rough River Lake to the north and Nolin River Lake to the south.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.9 square miles (28.2 km2), of which 10.8 square miles (28.1 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2), or 0.38%, is water.[5]","title":"Geography and Geology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Köppen Climate Classification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification"},{"link_name":"humid subtropical climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Climate","text":"The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Leitchfield has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps.[8]","title":"Geography and Geology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-11"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Pacific Islander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"text":"As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 6,139 people, 2,485 households, and 1,615 families residing in the city. The population density was 700.1 inhabitants per square mile (270.3/km2). There were 2,797 housing units at an average density of 319.0 per square mile (123.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.63% White, 1.56% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.There were 2,485 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.89.In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.The median income for a household in the city was $26,108, and the median income for a family was $32,398. Males had a median income of $27,958 versus $18,958 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,033. About 17.5% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.5% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grayson County High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayson_County_High_School_(Kentucky)"},{"link_name":"Freedmen's Aid Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Aid_Society"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"lending library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_library"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Public education in Leitchfield is administered by Grayson County Public Schools, which operates Grayson County Middle School, H.W. Wilkey Elementary School, Oran P. Lawler Elementary School, and Grayson County High School. Leitchfield Christian Academy is a private institution.In 1871 and 1872 there was a school in town for black students supported by the Freedmen's Aid Society.[12]Leitchfield has a lending library, the Grayson County Public Library.[13]","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Twin Lakes National Fiddler Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.twinlakesfiddler.com"},{"link_name":"Labor Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_Day"},{"link_name":"demolition derby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_derby"},{"link_name":"tractor pulls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor_pull"},{"link_name":"beauty pageant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_pageant"},{"link_name":"ice cream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream"},{"link_name":"tennis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"4-H","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-H"},{"link_name":"FFA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_FFA_Organization"}],"text":"The annual Twin Lakes National Fiddler Championship is held each year on the Court Square. Fiddlers from all over the state and region come to Leitchfield to compete for prize money. Thousands attended in the event that was held on July 20, 2013. For more information visit Twin Lakes National Fiddler ChampionshipEvery year, Leitchfield hosts to the Grayson County Fair, which begins the week before Labor Day. The fair features a variety of festivities, including a demolition derby, carnival rides, truck and tractor pulls, field crop contests, and a beauty pageant. The County Fair officially concludes with an annual Labor Day parade.What started as an ice cream social on the county square in 1992 has turned into a weekend-long festival. Every July, the Ice Cream Festival, now planned and operated by K105, features a beauty pageant, rides, games, a mixed doubles tennis tournament and the largest fireworks show in the area. At 6pm on the Saturday of the festival, free cups of ice cream are given to festival attendees. Each year, the fireworks show is given a theme. Recent themes include \"Stars and Stripes Forever\" and \"Television Classics\". In 2009, the event was replaced by Freedom Fest, which was hyped by the newspapers.[citation needed]Each July, the Grayson County Agricultural Recreation Park in Leitchfield hosts the Grayson County 4-H and FFA Ag Fair. The event features farm and youth events and exhibits such as tractor driving contests, homemaker exhibits, and sheep, hog, horse, dairy and beef shows.A Memorial Day Parade and Ceremony is held each year on the Saturday before Memorial Day. Hundreds march from the Leitchfield firehouse to the county square holding signs of local veterans who died in various conflicts. The ceremony consists of several speeches, the roll call of local veterans who died in the previous year, and the singing of the National Anthem and Amazing Grace. A cookout is held after the ceremony.","title":"Arts and culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grayson County News-Gazette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.gcnewsgazette.com"},{"link_name":"The Record","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.the-record.net"},{"link_name":"WKHG-FM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKHG"},{"link_name":"K105","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.k105.com"},{"link_name":"Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_40"},{"link_name":"870","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20060629061650/http://www.k105.com/twinlakestimes/moosebio.php"},{"link_name":"WMTL-AM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMTL"},{"link_name":"country music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music"},{"link_name":"Grayson County High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayson_County_High_School_(Kentucky)"},{"link_name":"University of Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Tennessee Titans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Titans"}],"text":"The city of Leitchfield is served by two newspapers, the Grayson County News-Gazette and The Record.Leitchfield's radio stations are 104.9 WKHG-FM, a.k.a. K105, a Top 40 station, and 870 WMTL-AM, which plays country music and also 103.9 fm The Moose, which is a country channel that plays popular sports talk show Kentucky Sports Radio hosted by Matt Jones. Both stations are owned by Heritage Media of Kentucky. Also, WKHG carries the radio sports broadcasts for Grayson County High School, the University of Kentucky, and the Tennessee Titans.","title":"Media"}] | [{"image_text":"Location of Grayson County, Kentucky","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Grayson_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Grayson_County.svg.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 18, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_21.txt","url_text":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-POP-21.xlsx","url_text":"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022\""}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"\"Find a County\""}]},{"reference":"\"Summary and Reference Guide to House Bill 331 City Classification Reform\" (PDF). Kentucky League of Cities. Retrieved December 30, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.klc.org/UserFiles/files/ClassificationReformFACT(3).pdf","url_text":"\"Summary and Reference Guide to House Bill 331 City Classification Reform\""}]},{"reference":"\"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Leitchfield city, Kentucky\". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 13, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US2144686","url_text":"\"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Leitchfield city, Kentucky\""}]},{"reference":"Collins, Lewis (1877). History of Kentucky. p. 293. ISBN 9780722249208.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=F5FQAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA293","url_text":"History of Kentucky"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780722249208","url_text":"9780722249208"}]},{"reference":"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-POP-21.xlsx","url_text":"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022\""}]},{"reference":"\"Census of Population and Housing\". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"Lucas, Marion B. (1992). A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891 (PDF). Kentucky Historical Society. p. 250. ISBN 0-916968-32-4. Retrieved July 5, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/232565461.pdf","url_text":"A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-916968-32-4","url_text":"0-916968-32-4"}]},{"reference":"\"Kentucky Public Library Directory\". Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190111202017/https://kdla.ky.gov/librarians/pages/librarydirectory.aspx","url_text":"\"Kentucky Public Library Directory\""},{"url":"https://kdla.ky.gov/librarians/pages/librarydirectory.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Leitchfield,_Kentucky¶ms=37_29_1_N_86_17_38_W_region:US_type:city","external_links_name":"37°29′1″N 86°17′38″W / 37.48361°N 86.29389°W / 37.48361; -86.29389"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Leitchfield,_Kentucky¶ms=37_29_1_N_86_17_38_W_region:US_type:city","external_links_name":"37°29′1″N 86°17′38″W / 37.48361°N 86.29389°W / 37.48361; -86.29389"},{"Link":"http://www.leitchfield.org/","external_links_name":"www.leitchfield.org"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leitchfield,_Kentucky&action=edit","external_links_name":"improve this section"},{"Link":"http://www.twinlakesfiddler.com/","external_links_name":"Twin Lakes National Fiddler Championship"},{"Link":"http://www.gcnewsgazette.com/","external_links_name":"Grayson County News-Gazette"},{"Link":"http://www.the-record.net/","external_links_name":"The Record"},{"Link":"http://www.k105.com/","external_links_name":"K105"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060629061650/http://www.k105.com/twinlakestimes/moosebio.php","external_links_name":"870"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_21.txt","external_links_name":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\""},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-POP-21.xlsx","external_links_name":"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022\""},{"Link":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Find a County\""},{"Link":"http://www.klc.org/UserFiles/files/ClassificationReformFACT(3).pdf","external_links_name":"\"Summary and Reference Guide to House Bill 331 City Classification Reform\""},{"Link":"http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US2144686","external_links_name":"\"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Leitchfield city, Kentucky\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=F5FQAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA293","external_links_name":"History of Kentucky"},{"Link":"http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=307451&cityname=Leitchfield%2C+Kentucky%2C+United+States+of+America&units=","external_links_name":"Climate Summary for Leitchfield, Kentucky"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-POP-21.xlsx","external_links_name":"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","external_links_name":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"Link":"https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/232565461.pdf","external_links_name":"A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190111202017/https://kdla.ky.gov/librarians/pages/librarydirectory.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Kentucky Public Library Directory\""},{"Link":"https://kdla.ky.gov/librarians/pages/librarydirectory.aspx","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.leitchfield.org/","external_links_name":"City of Leitchfield official website"},{"Link":"https://www.twinlakesfiddler.com/","external_links_name":"Twin Lakes National Fiddler Championship"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/159489468","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553067805171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83227853","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/area/11ca3524-7d5b-4bb7-9766-754eaed3a2c3","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz area"},{"Link":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10040777","external_links_name":"NARA"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber,_New_Zealand | Weber, New Zealand | ["1 History","2 Education","3 References"] | Coordinates: 40°24′05″S 176°18′40″E / 40.40139°S 176.31111°E / -40.40139; 176.31111Hamlet in Manawatū-Whanganui, New ZealandWeberHamletWaihi FallsWeberCoordinates: 40°24′05″S 176°18′40″E / 40.40139°S 176.31111°E / -40.40139; 176.31111CountryNew ZealandRegionManawatū-WhanganuiTerritorial authorityTararua District
Weber is a hamlet situated 28 km south-east of Dannevirke and 23 km WNW of Herbertville, on the east coast of New Zealand. Weber was named after the German born surveyor Charles H. Weber (*1830) who died during a surveying project near Woodville in 1886. His body was only found three years after his disappearance.
Weber is just off the former State Highway 52. This is a scenic tourist route between Waipukurau and Eketāhuna which also runs past the place with the world's longest place name, Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu. A short distance from Weber are the Waihi Falls.
Weber had a cemetery, located approximately 2 km to the west of the settlement. It contains around 51 burial plots with just under half of those being aged 13 or under. A recent, (2013), memorial to those buried there has been erected alongside the main road into Weber.
Weber is the exact antipode for the Spanish capital Madrid.
History
The hamlet was founded the late 19th century as an overnight stop for coach teams on the journey to and from the coast. This was the distance a team of 6 horses and a coach could travel in one day.
At the turn of the century it was a thriving small community. It had a police station and one cell jail, a large hotel, shops and a post office. Today it consists of a church, a school, a pub, a rural fire depot, a community centre and several houses.
Wises index of every place in NZ (1897) describes Weber as, WEBER, Hawke's Bay. On Ākitio River; in Waipawa County; 104 m south from Napier. Rail to Dannevirke, thence coach Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 25 m (10s). Daily service in summer. Grazing and sawmilling. Good shooting, game of all kinds in season. Cycle roads fair only; the Ākitio River falls reached on horseback, great attraction. One hotel; private board 25s. Post and telegraph office, called after the first surveyor of the township. Resident doctor. Is the name of a county. A recent (2013) memorial to the Weber cemetery was erected alongside a paper road some 2 km west of the settlement.
In 1990, Weber was the epicentre for a large earthquake. The local geology of the area magnified the effect making the earthquake seem worse than it was. It is known locally as the "Mother's Day earthquake" as it occurred during Mother's Day.
During the two world wars the local population of Weber lost a great number of its men. Weber has a permanent war memorial. The first ANZAC parade in 50 years took place in 2010.
Education
Weber School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 41 as of April 2023.
References
^ "Waihi Falls". Tracks.org.nz. 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
^ "WEBER Cemetery, Dannevirke, New Zealand :: FamilyTreeCircles.com Genealogy". Familytreecircles.com. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
^ "Find the other side of the world!". Antipodr.com. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
^ "Weber". NZETC. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
^ "GeoNet – M 6.4, Weber II, May 13 1990". Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
^ "Weber war memorial | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". Nzhistory.net.nz. 2013-07-15. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
^ "Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
^ "Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
40°24′05″S 176°18′40″E / 40.40139°S 176.31111°E / -40.40139; 176.31111
vteTararua DistrictPopulated places
Ākitio
Alfredton
Ballance
Dannevirke
Eketāhuna
Herbertville
Kumeroa
Makotuku
Makuri
Mangamutu
Mangatainoka
Norsewood
Ormondville
Pahiatua
Papatawa
Piripiri
Pongaroa
Waitahora
Weber
Wimbledon
Woodville
Government
District Council
Mayor
Hawke's Bay Regional Council
Manawatū-Whanganui Regional Council
Wellington Regional Council | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"hamlet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet_(place)"},{"link_name":"Dannevirke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannevirke"},{"link_name":"Herbertville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbertville"},{"link_name":"New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"State Highway 52","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_52"},{"link_name":"Waipukurau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waipukurau"},{"link_name":"Eketāhuna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eket%C4%81huna"},{"link_name":"Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"antipode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipodes"},{"link_name":"Spanish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Madrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Hamlet in Manawatū-Whanganui, New ZealandWeber is a hamlet situated 28 km south-east of Dannevirke and 23 km WNW of Herbertville, on the east coast of New Zealand. Weber was named after the German born surveyor Charles H. Weber (*1830) who died during a surveying project near Woodville in 1886. His body was only found three years after his disappearance.Weber is just off the former State Highway 52. This is a scenic tourist route between Waipukurau and Eketāhuna which also runs past the place with the world's longest place name, Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu. A short distance from Weber are the Waihi Falls.[1]\nWeber had a cemetery, located approximately 2 km to the west of the settlement. It contains around 51 burial plots with just under half of those being aged 13 or under.[2] A recent, (2013), memorial to those buried there has been erected alongside the main road into Weber.Weber is the exact antipode for the Spanish capital Madrid.[3]","title":"Weber, New Zealand"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"paper road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_road"},{"link_name":"Mother's Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%27s_Day"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"The hamlet was founded the late 19th century as an overnight stop for coach teams on the journey to and from the coast. This was the distance a team of 6 horses and a coach could travel in one day.[4]At the turn of the century it was a thriving small community. It had a police station and one cell jail, a large hotel, shops and a post office. Today it consists of a church, a school, a pub, a rural fire depot, a community centre and several houses.Wises index of every place in NZ (1897) describes Weber as, WEBER, Hawke's Bay. On Ākitio River; in Waipawa County; 104 m south from Napier. Rail to Dannevirke, thence coach Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 25 m (10s). Daily service in summer. Grazing and sawmilling. Good shooting, game of all kinds in season. Cycle roads fair only; the Ākitio River falls reached on horseback, great attraction. One hotel; private board 25s. Post and telegraph office, called after the first surveyor of the township. Resident doctor. Is the name of a county. A recent (2013) memorial to the Weber cemetery was erected alongside a paper road some 2 km west of the settlement.In 1990, Weber was the epicentre for a large earthquake. The local geology of the area magnified the effect making the earthquake seem worse than it was. It is known locally as the \"Mother's Day earthquake\" as it occurred during Mother's Day.[5]During the two world wars the local population of Weber lost a great number of its men.[6] Weber has a permanent war memorial. The first ANZAC parade in 50 years took place in 2010.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-moe2732-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ero2732-8"}],"text":"Weber School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,[7] with a roll of 41 as of April 2023.[8]","title":"Education"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"\"Waihi Falls\". Tracks.org.nz. 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2016-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://tracks.org.nz/track/show/941","url_text":"\"Waihi Falls\""}]},{"reference":"\"WEBER Cemetery, Dannevirke, New Zealand :: FamilyTreeCircles.com Genealogy\". Familytreecircles.com. Retrieved 2016-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.familytreecircles.com/weber-cemetery-new-zealand-19129.html","url_text":"\"WEBER Cemetery, Dannevirke, New Zealand :: FamilyTreeCircles.com Genealogy\""}]},{"reference":"\"Find the other side of the world!\". Antipodr.com. Retrieved 2016-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.antipodr.com/","url_text":"\"Find the other side of the world!\""}]},{"reference":"\"Weber\". NZETC. Retrieved 2016-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc06Cycl-t1-body1-d2-d28-d40.html","url_text":"\"Weber\""}]},{"reference":"\"GeoNet – M 6.4, Weber II, May 13 1990\". Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090306191928/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/more-nz/quake-09.html","url_text":"\"GeoNet – M 6.4, Weber II, May 13 1990\""},{"url":"http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/more-nz/quake-09.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Weber war memorial | NZHistory, New Zealand history online\". Nzhistory.net.nz. 2013-07-15. Retrieved 2016-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/weber-war-memorial","url_text":"\"Weber war memorial | NZHistory, New Zealand history online\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ministry of Education School Profile\". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?school=2732","url_text":"\"Ministry of Education School Profile\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(New_Zealand)","url_text":"Ministry of Education"}]},{"reference":"\"Education Review Office Report\". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=2732","url_text":"\"Education Review Office Report\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Review_Office","url_text":"Education Review Office"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Weber,_New_Zealand¶ms=40_24_05_S_176_18_40_E_region:NZ_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki","external_links_name":"40°24′05″S 176°18′40″E / 40.40139°S 176.31111°E / -40.40139; 176.31111"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Weber,_New_Zealand¶ms=40_24_05_S_176_18_40_E_type:city_region:NZ-MWT","external_links_name":"40°24′05″S 176°18′40″E / 40.40139°S 176.31111°E / -40.40139; 176.31111"},{"Link":"http://tracks.org.nz/track/show/941","external_links_name":"\"Waihi Falls\""},{"Link":"http://www.familytreecircles.com/weber-cemetery-new-zealand-19129.html","external_links_name":"\"WEBER Cemetery, Dannevirke, New Zealand :: FamilyTreeCircles.com Genealogy\""},{"Link":"http://www.antipodr.com/","external_links_name":"\"Find the other side of the world!\""},{"Link":"https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc06Cycl-t1-body1-d2-d28-d40.html","external_links_name":"\"Weber\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090306191928/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/more-nz/quake-09.html","external_links_name":"\"GeoNet – M 6.4, Weber II, May 13 1990\""},{"Link":"http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/more-nz/quake-09.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/weber-war-memorial","external_links_name":"\"Weber war memorial | NZHistory, New Zealand history online\""},{"Link":"https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?school=2732","external_links_name":"\"Ministry of Education School Profile\""},{"Link":"http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=2732","external_links_name":"\"Education Review Office Report\""},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Weber,_New_Zealand¶ms=40_24_05_S_176_18_40_E_region:NZ_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki","external_links_name":"40°24′05″S 176°18′40″E / 40.40139°S 176.31111°E / -40.40139; 176.31111"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St_Martin,_Salisbury | Church of St Martin, Salisbury | ["1 History","1.1 Present day","2 Notable clergy","3 References","4 External links"] | Coordinates: 51°03′56″N 1°47′13″W / 51.0655°N 1.7870°W / 51.0655; -1.7870
Church in Wiltshire, EnglandChurch of St Martin, SalisburySarum St Martin51°03′56″N 1°47′13″W / 51.0655°N 1.7870°W / 51.0655; -1.7870OS grid referenceSU15022960LocationSt. Martin's Church Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 2HYCountryEnglandDenominationChurch of EnglandChurchmanshipTraditional Anglo-CatholicHistoryStatusActiveArchitectureFunctional statusParish churchHeritage designationGrade I listedAdministrationProvinceCanterburyDioceseSalisburyArchdeaconrySarumDeanerySalisburyParishSalisbury St MartinClergyBishop(s)The Rt Revd Paul Thomas (AEO)RectorFr David Fisher
The Church of St Martin, also known as Sarum St Martin, is a Church of England parish church in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. The church dates from the 13th century and is a Grade I listed building.
History
The church has a chancel which was built c.1230, a 14th-century tower with spire, and a 15th-century nave with aisles. From 1849 to 1850, the church building was restored by Thomas Henry Wyatt and David Brandon.
In 1952, the church was designated a Grade I listed building.
Present day
The parish falls within the Traditional Anglo-Catholic tradition of the Church of England. As it rejects on theological grounds the ordination of women as priests and bishops, the parish receives alternative episcopal oversight from the Bishop of Oswestry (currently Paul Thomas).
Notable clergy
Clement Ricketts (1885–1961), later Bishop of Dunwich, served his curacy here
Bruce Duncan (born 1938), Principal of Sarum College, honorary curate
References
^ a b c Historic England. "Church of St Martin (1259041)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
^ Orbach, Julian; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (2021). Wiltshire. The Buildings Of England. New Haven, US and London: Yale University Press. pp. 591–592. ISBN 978-0-300-25120-3. OCLC 1201298091.
^ "Sarum Saint Martin, Salisbury". A Church Near You. Archbishops' Council. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
^ "Sarum St Martin, Salisbury". See of Ebbsfleet. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
^
"Bruce Duncan". Crockford's Clerical Directory (online ed.). Church House Publishing. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
External links
Media related to St Martin's Church, Salisbury at Wikimedia Commons
Official website | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Church of England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England"},{"link_name":"parish church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish_church"},{"link_name":"Salisbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury"},{"link_name":"Grade I listed building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_I_listed_building"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-listed-1"}],"text":"Church in Wiltshire, EnglandThe Church of St Martin, also known as Sarum St Martin, is a Church of England parish church in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. The church dates from the 13th century and is a Grade I listed building.[1]","title":"Church of St Martin, Salisbury"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"chancel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancel"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Orbach-2"},{"link_name":"nave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nave"},{"link_name":"restored","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_restoration"},{"link_name":"Thomas Henry Wyatt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Wyatt"},{"link_name":"David Brandon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brandon_(architect)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-listed-1"},{"link_name":"Grade I listed building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_I_listed_building"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-listed-1"}],"text":"The church has a chancel which was built c.1230,[2] a 14th-century tower with spire, and a 15th-century nave with aisles. From 1849 to 1850, the church building was restored by Thomas Henry Wyatt and David Brandon.[1]In 1952, the church was designated a Grade I listed building.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Traditional Anglo-Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism"},{"link_name":"tradition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchmanship"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Near_You-3"},{"link_name":"ordination of women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination_of_women"},{"link_name":"alternative episcopal oversight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_episcopal_oversight"},{"link_name":"Bishop of Oswestry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Oswestry"},{"link_name":"Paul Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Thomas_(bishop)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"sub_title":"Present day","text":"The parish falls within the Traditional Anglo-Catholic tradition of the Church of England.[3] As it rejects on theological grounds the ordination of women as priests and bishops, the parish receives alternative episcopal oversight from the Bishop of Oswestry (currently Paul Thomas).[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Clement Ricketts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_Ricketts"},{"link_name":"Bruce Duncan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Duncan_(priest)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Clement Ricketts (1885–1961), later Bishop of Dunwich, served his curacy here\nBruce Duncan (born 1938), Principal of Sarum College, honorary curate[5]","title":"Notable clergy"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Historic England. \"Church of St Martin (1259041)\". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1259041","url_text":"\"Church of St Martin (1259041)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"Orbach, Julian; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (2021). Wiltshire. The Buildings Of England. New Haven, US and London: Yale University Press. pp. 591–592. ISBN 978-0-300-25120-3. OCLC 1201298091.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner","url_text":"Pevsner, Nikolaus"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Cherry","url_text":"Cherry, Bridget"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University_Press","url_text":"Yale University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25120-3","url_text":"978-0-300-25120-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1201298091","url_text":"1201298091"}]},{"reference":"\"Sarum Saint Martin, Salisbury\". A Church Near You. Archbishops' Council. Retrieved 13 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.achurchnearyou.com/wwwsarumstmartinorguk/","url_text":"\"Sarum Saint Martin, Salisbury\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sarum St Martin, Salisbury\". See of Ebbsfleet. Retrieved 13 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ebbsfleet.org.uk/directoryDetail.php?id=164","url_text":"\"Sarum St Martin, Salisbury\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bruce Duncan\". Crockford's Clerical Directory (online ed.). Church House Publishing. Retrieved 13 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.crockford.org.uk/clergydetail?clergyid=41032","url_text":"\"Bruce Duncan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crockford%27s_Clerical_Directory","url_text":"Crockford's Clerical Directory"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_House_Publishing","url_text":"Church House Publishing"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Church_of_St_Martin,_Salisbury¶ms=51.0655_N_1.787_W_type:landmark_region:GB-WIL","external_links_name":"51°03′56″N 1°47′13″W / 51.0655°N 1.7870°W / 51.0655; -1.7870"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Church_of_St_Martin,_Salisbury¶ms=51.0655_N_1.787_W_type:landmark_region:GB-WIL","external_links_name":"51°03′56″N 1°47′13″W / 51.0655°N 1.7870°W / 51.0655; -1.7870"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Church_of_St_Martin,_Salisbury¶ms=51.065541_N_1.787027_W_region:GB_scale:25000&title=Church+of+St+Martin%2C+Salisbury","external_links_name":"SU15022960"},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1259041","external_links_name":"\"Church of St Martin (1259041)\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1201298091","external_links_name":"1201298091"},{"Link":"https://www.achurchnearyou.com/wwwsarumstmartinorguk/","external_links_name":"\"Sarum Saint Martin, Salisbury\""},{"Link":"http://www.ebbsfleet.org.uk/directoryDetail.php?id=164","external_links_name":"\"Sarum St Martin, Salisbury\""},{"Link":"https://www.crockford.org.uk/clergydetail?clergyid=41032","external_links_name":"\"Bruce Duncan\""},{"Link":"https://www.sarumstmartin.org.uk/","external_links_name":"Official website"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartley,_South_Australia | Hartley, South Australia | ["1 References"] | Coordinates: 35°11′00″S 139°00′11″E / 35.1832929°S 139.0030330°E / -35.1832929; 139.0030330Ghost town in South Australia
HartleySouth AustraliaHartley entrance signHartleyCoordinates35°11′00″S 139°00′11″E / 35.1832929°S 139.0030330°E / -35.1832929; 139.0030330Population149 (SAL 2021)Established1856Postcode(s)5255Location 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Strathalbyn 11 km (7 mi) south of Callington LGA(s)Alexandrina CouncilRegionFleurieu and Kangaroo IslandState electorate(s)HeysenFederal division(s)Mayo
Localities around Hartley:
Red Creek
Callington, Salem
Monarto South
Woodchester
Hartley
Bletchley
Langhorne Creek
Footnotes
Hartley is a ghost town located in South Australia, along the Bremer River on the Strathalbyn-Callington Road.
Founded in 1853 as a small rural settlement, it once boasted a Methodist church (1856), post office (opened 1869 and closed 1981), school (opened 1919 and closed 1970) and creamery. Now the town is little more than a series of ruins and farm houses.
References
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Hartley (SA) (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
^ "Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island SA Government region" (PDF). The Government of South Australia. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^ Map of Hartley Bonzle
Hartley listed in the Manning Index of South Australian History
vteTowns and localities of the Alexandrina Council
Angas Plains
Ashbourne
Belvidere
Blackfellows Creek
Bletchley
Bull Creek
Chiton
Clayton Bay
Currency Creek
Dingabledinga
Finniss
Gemmells
Goolwa
Goolwa Beach
Goolwa North
Goolwa South
Hartley
Hindmarsh Island
Highland Valley
Hope Forest
Kuitpo
Kuitpo Colony
Kyeema
Lake Alexandrina (part)
Lake Plains
Langhorne Creek
McHarg Creek
Middleton
Milang
Montarra
Mosquito Hill
Mount Compass (part)
Mount Magnificent
Mount Observation
Mount Jagged (part)
Mundoo Island
Nangkita
Nurragi
Pages Flat
Paris Creek
Point Sturt
Port Elliot
Prospect Hill
Red Creek
Salem
Sandergrove
Strathalbyn
The Range
Tolderol (part)
Tooperang
Willunga Hill
Willyaroo
Woodchester
Yundi
This South Australia geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ghost town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_town"},{"link_name":"South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia"},{"link_name":"Bremer River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremer_River_(South_Australia)"},{"link_name":"Strathalbyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strathalbyn,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"Callington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callington,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"Methodist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist"}],"text":"Ghost town in South AustraliaHartley is a ghost town located in South Australia, along the Bremer River on the Strathalbyn-Callington Road.Founded in 1853 as a small rural settlement, it once boasted a Methodist church (1856), post office (opened 1869 and closed 1981), school (opened 1919 and closed 1970) and creamery. Now the town is little more than a series of ruins and farm houses.","title":"Hartley, South Australia"}] | [] | null | [{"reference":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). \"Hartley (SA) (suburb and locality)\". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","url_text":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL40569","url_text":"\"Hartley (SA) (suburb and locality)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island SA Government region\" (PDF). The Government of South Australia. Retrieved 10 October 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/21612/Fleurieu_Kangaroo_Island_SA_Government_region.pdf","url_text":"\"Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island SA Government region\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hartley,_South_Australia¶ms=35.1832929_S_139.0030330_E_type:city_region:AU-SA","external_links_name":"35°11′00″S 139°00′11″E / 35.1832929°S 139.0030330°E / -35.1832929; 139.0030330"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hartley,_South_Australia¶ms=35.1832929_S_139.0030330_E_type:city_region:AU-SA","external_links_name":"35°11′00″S 139°00′11″E / 35.1832929°S 139.0030330°E / -35.1832929; 139.0030330"},{"Link":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL40569","external_links_name":"\"Hartley (SA) (suburb and locality)\""},{"Link":"http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/21612/Fleurieu_Kangaroo_Island_SA_Government_region.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island SA Government region\""},{"Link":"http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&i=554&j=554&x=139%2E01629&y=%2D35%2E19882&w=10000&c=1&p=4789&mpsec=0#map","external_links_name":"Map of Hartley"},{"Link":"http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/pn/h/h2.htm#hartley","external_links_name":"Hartley listed in the Manning Index of South Australian History"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hartley,_South_Australia&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auf_Christi_Himmelfahrt_allein,_BWV_128 | Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein, BWV 128 | ["1 History and words","2 Scoring and structure","3 Music","4 Recordings","5 Notes","6 References","7 Sources"] | Auf Christi Himmelfahrt alleinBWV 128Church cantata by J. S. BachAscension, occasion of the cantata, Church of the Holy Cross in Jelenia GóraOccasionFeast of the AscensionCantata textChristiana Mariana von ZieglerChoraleby Matthäus AvenariusPerformed10 May 1725 (1725-05-10): LeipzigMovements5Vocal
SATB choir
solo: alto, tenor and bass
Instrumental2 horns2 oboesoboe d'amoreoboe da caccia2 violinsviolacontinuo
Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein (On Christ's ascension into heaven alone), BWV 128, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach composed it in Leipzig for the Feast of the Ascension and first performed it on 10 May 1725.
History and words
Bach composed the cantata in his second year in Leipzig for the feast of the Ascension. The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Acts of the Apostles, Jesus telling his disciples to preach and baptize, and his Ascension (Acts 1:1–11), and from the Gospel of Mark (Mark 16:14–20). In his second year in Leipzig, Bach had composed chorale cantatas between the first Sunday after Trinity and Palm Sunday, but for Easter returned to cantatas on more varied texts, possibly because he lost his librettist. Nine of his cantatas for the period between Easter and Pentecost are based on texts of Christiana Mariana von Ziegler, including this cantata. Bach later inserted most of them in his third annual cycle, but kept this one and BWV 68 for Pentecost in his second annual cycle, possibly because they both begin with a chorale fantasia like the chorale cantatas, whereas many of the others begin with a bass solo as the vox Christi.
The poet, who has a tendency to express a personal view, writing in the first person, took the theme of the cantata from the first stanza of Ernst Sonnemann's chorale after Josua Wegelin (1636): once Jesus ascended to heaven, there is nothing left to keep me on earth, as I am promised to see him "from face to face", a paraphrase of 1 Corinthians 13. In movement 2 she alludes to the Transfiguration of Jesus (Matthew 17:4), movement 3 sees the incomprehensible power of Jesus everywhere, not restricted to a certain location. He will lift me to his right hand, according to Matthew 25:33, and judge me right, according to the closing chorale, the fourth stanza of Matthäus Avenarius' "O Jesu, meine Lust".
Ziegler's text in its printed version of 1728 and the cantata text differ, possibly changed by Bach himself. For example, an aria and recitative are combined to one movement by inserting "wo mein Erlöser lebt" (where my redeemer lives) as a connection.
Bach first performed the cantata on 10 May 1725.
Scoring and structure
The cantata in five movements is festively scored for three vocal soloists, alto, tenor and bass, a four-part choir, two horns, two oboes, oboe d'amore, oboe da caccia, two violins, viola and basso continuo. The instrumentation is especially rich and varied, Julian Mincham observes: "As befits its importance, the instrumental forces are relatively large and impressive; two horns, oboes of every kind, strings and continuo and latterly one trumpet".
Chorus: Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein
Recitative (tenor): Ich bin bereit, komm, hole mich
Aria and recitative (bass): Auf, auf, mit hellem Schall
Aria (alto, tenor): Sein Allmacht zu ergründen
Chorale: Alsdenn so wirst du mich
Music
In the opening chorus the chorale on the melody of the German Gloria "Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr" by Nikolaus Decius is embedded in an orchestral concerto. The cantus firmus is in the soprano in long notes, whereas the lower voices engage in imitation. Bach derived the highly figurative motifs of the instruments from the chorale tune: both a signal played first by the strings and oboes, then the two horns, then a fugue subject. Both motifs contain notes from the first line of the tune in the same order as in the tune, the signal contains the first five notes, the fugue subject all nine notes.
Bach uses the trumpet, the royal instrument of the Baroque, only in movement 3 to symbolize the reign of Jesus. The trumpet appears first in the ritornello, which is repeated by the voice and again with the voice embedded. After a middle section, the first part of the aria is not repeated da capo; instead the added line is set as a recitative accompanied by strings, followed only by a repeat of the ritornello.
The following duet is of intimate character. The obbligato instrument is marked "organo" in the score, but the music is written in the oboe part and appears to have been composed for an oboe d'amore. Possibly Bach changed his intentions during the process of composition, or he may have changed the marking later. Max Reger used the movement's ritornello theme for his Bach-Variationen Op. 81.
The cantata is closed by a four-part chorale, most instruments playing colla parte, while the horns play different parts because of their limited range.
Recordings
Bach Made in Germany Vol. 1 – Cantatas V, Günther Ramin, Thomanerchor, Gewandhausorchester, Lotte Wolf-Matthäus, Gert Lutze, Johannes Oettel, Eterna 1953
Bach: 13 Sacred Cantatas & 13 Sinfonias, Helmut Winschermann, Kantorei Barmen-Gemarke, Deutsche Bachsolisten, Julia Hamari, Kurt Equiluz, Hermann Prey, Philips 1971
Die Bach Kantate Vol. 35, Helmuth Rilling, Gächinger Kantorei, Bach-Collegium Stuttgart, Gabriele Schreckenbach, Aldo Baldin, Wolfgang Schöne, Hänssler 1981
J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk – Sacred Cantatas Vol. 7, Gustav Leonhardt, Knabenchor Hannover, Collegium Vocale Gent, Leonhardt-Consort, René Jacobs, Kurt Equiluz, Max van Egmond, Teldec 1983
J. S. Bach: Ascension Cantatas, John Eliot Gardiner, Monteverdi Choir, English Baroque Soloists, Robin Blaze, Christoph Genz, Reinhard Hagen, Archiv Produktion 1993
Bach Edition Vol. 12 – Cantatas Vol. 6, Pieter Jan Leusink, Holland Boys Choir, Netherlands Bach Collegium, Sytse Buwalda, Nico van der Meel, Bas Ramselaar, Brilliant Classics 1999
J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 15, Ton Koopman, Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir, Bogna Bartosz, Jörg Dürmüller, Klaus Mertens, Antoine Marchand 2001
J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 35 (Cantatas from Leipzig 1725), Masaaki Suzuki, Bach Collegium Japan, Robin Blaze, Makoto Sakurada, Peter Kooy, BIS 2001
Notes
^ "BWV" is Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, a thematic catalogue of Bach's works.
References
^ a b Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 128 – "Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein"". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
^ a b c d e f g h Dürr, Alfred (1981). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). Vol. 1 (4 ed.). Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. pp. 281–284. ISBN 3-423-04080-7.
^ Christoph Wolff. "The transition between the second and the third yearly cycle of Bach's Leipzig cantatas (1725)" (PDF). pregardien.com. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
^ "Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
^ "O Jesu, meine Lust / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
^ Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 46 BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
^ Leonard, James (2011). "Cantata No. 128, "Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein," BWV 128". Allmusic.com. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
Sources
Cantata BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein BWV 128; BC A 76 / Sacred cantata (Ascension Day) Bach Digital
Cantata BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, Bach Cantatas Website
BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: English translation, University of Vermont
BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: text, scoring, University of Alberta
Luke Dahn: BWV 128.5 bach-chorales.com
vteChurch cantatas by Johann Sebastian BachBeforeLeipzig
Early: BWV 4
131
71
1138.1 & .2
106
196
150
143
Weimar: BWV 61
70a
186a
132
147a
63
152
155
18
54
80a
182
31
12
172
165
21
185
199
161
162
163
Köthen: BWV Anh. 5
First cycle(1723–24)
Between Trinity and Advent: BWV 75
76
24
167
147
186
136
105
46
179
69a
77
25
138
95
148
48
109
89
60
90
70
From Advent to Trinity: BWV 40
64
190
153
65
154
73
81
83
144
181
22
23
66
134
67
104
166
86
37
44
59
184
Second cycle(and choralecantatas)
Chorale cantatas between Trinity and Easter: BWV 20
2
7
135
10
93
107
178
94
101
113
33
78
99
8
130
114
96
5
180
38
115
139
26
116
62
91
121
133
122
41
123
124
3
111
92
125
126
127
1
Continuation of the second cycle: BWV 6
42
85
103
108
87
128
183
74
68
175
176
Later additions to the chorale cantata cycle: BWV 80
137
129
58
112
140
177
9
14
Other late chorale cantatas: BWV 117
192
100
97
Third cycle
After Trinity 1725: BWV 168
164
79
Liturgical year 1725–26: BWV 110
57
151
28
16
32
13
72
146
43
39
88
170
187
45
102
35
17
19
27
47
169
56
49
98
55
52
1727: BWV 82
84
34
173
Laterand other
Picander cycle: BWV 149
188
197a
171
156
159
145
174
Late parodies: BWV 36
30
191
200
248 (I, II, III, IV, V, VI)
1083
Council election (Leipzig): BWV 119
193
29
120
69
(lost: 1139.1, 1140–1141)
Wedding: BWV 34a
195
120a
197
Funeral: 157
244a
Other: 194
190a
120b
51
158
50
Doubtful: 53
142
189
217
220
221
223
224
Bach cantata
List of Bach cantatas
Discography: Monteverdi Choir/Koopman/Teldec
vteCantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach by BWV number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 (oratorio)
12
13
14
15**
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
30a
31
32
33
34
34a
35
36
36a
36b
36c
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
(53)*
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
66a
67
68
69
69a
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
80a
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118 (motet)
119
120
120a
120b
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
(131a)*
132
133
134
134a
135
136
137
138
139
140
141**
(142)*
143
144
145
146
147
147a
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160**
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
173a
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
(189)*
190
190a
191
192
193
193a
194
195
196
197
197a
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
205a
206
207
207a
208
208a
209
210
210a
211
212
213
214
215
216
216a
(217)*
218**
219**
(220)*
(221)*
222**
223
224
244a
248 I
248 II
248 III
248 IV
248 V
248 VI
249a
249b
1040
1045
1083
1127
1138.1–1139.1
1140–1141
Anh. 5
Anh. 9
Anh. 11
Anh. 18 — discography; *(doubtful); **spurious
Lists: Compositions
Cantatas ; Church cantatas: Chorale cantatas
Early
Weimar
1st cycle
2nd cycle
3rd cycle
Picander cycle
Late ; Secular cantatas
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
France
BnF data
Germany
Israel
United States
Other
MusicBrainz work | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dellal-1"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"church cantata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach_cantata"},{"link_name":"Johann Sebastian Bach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach"},{"link_name":"Leipzig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig"},{"link_name":"Feast of the Ascension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension"}],"text":"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein (On Christ's ascension into heaven alone),[1] BWV 128,[a] is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach composed it in Leipzig for the Feast of the Ascension and first performed it on 10 May 1725.","title":"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein, BWV 128"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomaskirche-1885.png"},{"link_name":"Leipzig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig"},{"link_name":"Ascension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_church_cantatas_by_liturgical_occasion#Ascension"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"},{"link_name":"Acts of the Apostles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles"},{"link_name":"his Ascension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"Acts 1:1–11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#1:1"},{"link_name":"Gospel of Mark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark"},{"link_name":"Mark 16:14–20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#16:14"},{"link_name":"chorale cantatas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorale_cantata_(Bach)"},{"link_name":"Trinity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Sunday"},{"link_name":"Palm Sunday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Sunday"},{"link_name":"Easter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter"},{"link_name":"Pentecost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecost"},{"link_name":"Christiana Mariana von Ziegler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiana_Mariana_von_Ziegler"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wolff-4"},{"link_name":"BWV 68","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWV_68"},{"link_name":"vox Christi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_Christi"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"},{"link_name":"stanza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanza"},{"link_name":"Ernst Sonnemann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Sonnemann_(composer)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"chorale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorale"},{"link_name":"Josua Wegelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josua_Wegelin&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-chorale_text_1-5"},{"link_name":"1 Corinthians 13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#chapter_13"},{"link_name":"movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_(music)"},{"link_name":"Transfiguration of Jesus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"Matthew 17:4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#17:4"},{"link_name":"Matthew 25:33","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#25:33"},{"link_name":"Matthäus Avenarius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matth%C3%A4us_Avenarius&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-chorale_text_2-6"},{"link_name":"aria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aria"},{"link_name":"recitative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recitative"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dellal-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"}],"text":"Bach composed the cantata in his second year in Leipzig for the feast of the Ascension.[2] The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Acts of the Apostles, Jesus telling his disciples to preach and baptize, and his Ascension (Acts 1:1–11), and from the Gospel of Mark (Mark 16:14–20). In his second year in Leipzig, Bach had composed chorale cantatas between the first Sunday after Trinity and Palm Sunday, but for Easter returned to cantatas on more varied texts, possibly because he lost his librettist. Nine of his cantatas for the period between Easter and Pentecost are based on texts of Christiana Mariana von Ziegler, including this cantata.[3] Bach later inserted most of them in his third annual cycle, but kept this one and BWV 68 for Pentecost in his second annual cycle, possibly because they both begin with a chorale fantasia like the chorale cantatas, whereas many of the others begin with a bass solo as the vox Christi.[2]The poet, who has a tendency to express a personal view, writing in the first person, took the theme of the cantata from the first stanza of Ernst Sonnemann's chorale after Josua Wegelin (1636):[4] once Jesus ascended to heaven, there is nothing left to keep me on earth, as I am promised to see him \"from face to face\", a paraphrase of 1 Corinthians 13. In movement 2 she alludes to the Transfiguration of Jesus (Matthew 17:4), movement 3 sees the incomprehensible power of Jesus everywhere, not restricted to a certain location. He will lift me to his right hand, according to Matthew 25:33, and judge me right, according to the closing chorale, the fourth stanza of Matthäus Avenarius' \"O Jesu, meine Lust\".[5]Ziegler's text in its printed version of 1728 and the cantata text differ, possibly changed by Bach himself. For example, an aria and recitative are combined to one movement by inserting \"wo mein Erlöser lebt\" (where my redeemer lives)[1] as a connection.[2]Bach first performed the cantata on 10 May 1725.[2]","title":"History and words"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"alto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto"},{"link_name":"tenor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenor"},{"link_name":"bass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)"},{"link_name":"horns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_horn"},{"link_name":"oboes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboe"},{"link_name":"oboe d'amore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboe_d%27amore"},{"link_name":"oboe da caccia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboe_da_caccia"},{"link_name":"violins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin"},{"link_name":"viola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola"},{"link_name":"basso continuo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basso_continuo"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mincham-7"}],"text":"The cantata in five movements is festively scored for three vocal soloists, alto, tenor and bass, a four-part choir, two horns, two oboes, oboe d'amore, oboe da caccia, two violins, viola and basso continuo.[2] The instrumentation is especially rich and varied, Julian Mincham observes: \"As befits its importance, the instrumental forces are relatively large and impressive; two horns, oboes of every kind, strings and continuo and latterly one trumpet\".[6]Chorus: Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein\nRecitative (tenor): Ich bin bereit, komm, hole mich\nAria and recitative (bass): Auf, auf, mit hellem Schall\nAria (alto, tenor): Sein Allmacht zu ergründen\nChorale: Alsdenn so wirst du mich","title":"Scoring and structure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gloria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_in_Excelsis_Deo"},{"link_name":"Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allein_Gott_in_der_H%C3%B6h_sei_Ehr"},{"link_name":"Nikolaus Decius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaus_Decius"},{"link_name":"cantus firmus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantus_firmus"},{"link_name":"motifs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_(music)"},{"link_name":"fugue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugue"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"},{"link_name":"ritornello","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritornello"},{"link_name":"da capo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_capo"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Leonhard-8"},{"link_name":"duet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duet"},{"link_name":"obbligato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obbligato"},{"link_name":"Max Reger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Reger"},{"link_name":"colla parte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colla_parte"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-D%C3%BCrr-3"}],"text":"In the opening chorus the chorale on the melody of the German Gloria \"Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr\" by Nikolaus Decius is embedded in an orchestral concerto. The cantus firmus is in the soprano in long notes, whereas the lower voices engage in imitation. Bach derived the highly figurative motifs of the instruments from the chorale tune: both a signal played first by the strings and oboes, then the two horns, then a fugue subject. Both motifs contain notes from the first line of the tune in the same order as in the tune, the signal contains the first five notes, the fugue subject all nine notes.[2]Bach uses the trumpet, the royal instrument of the Baroque, only in movement 3 to symbolize the reign of Jesus. The trumpet appears first in the ritornello, which is repeated by the voice and again with the voice embedded. After a middle section, the first part of the aria is not repeated da capo; instead the added line is set as a recitative accompanied by strings, followed only by a repeat of the ritornello.[2][7]The following duet is of intimate character. The obbligato instrument is marked \"organo\" in the score, but the music is written in the oboe part and appears to have been composed for an oboe d'amore. Possibly Bach changed his intentions during the process of composition, or he may have changed the marking later. Max Reger used the movement's ritornello theme for his Bach-Variationen Op. 81.The cantata is closed by a four-part chorale, most instruments playing colla parte, while the horns play different parts because of their limited range.[2]","title":"Music"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Günther Ramin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Ramin"},{"link_name":"Thomanerchor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomanerchor"},{"link_name":"Gewandhausorchester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewandhausorchester"},{"link_name":"Lotte Wolf-Matthäus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotte_Wolf-Matth%C3%A4us"},{"link_name":"Gert Lutze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gert_Lutze&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Johannes Oettel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Oettel&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Helmut Winschermann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Winschermann"},{"link_name":"Kantorei Barmen-Gemarke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantorei_Barmen-Gemarke"},{"link_name":"Deutsche Bachsolisten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bachsolisten"},{"link_name":"Julia Hamari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Hamari"},{"link_name":"Kurt Equiluz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Equiluz"},{"link_name":"Hermann Prey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Prey"},{"link_name":"Philips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips_Records"},{"link_name":"Helmuth Rilling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmuth_Rilling"},{"link_name":"Gächinger Kantorei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A4chinger_Kantorei"},{"link_name":"Bach-Collegium Stuttgart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach-Collegium_Stuttgart"},{"link_name":"Gabriele Schreckenbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_Schreckenbach"},{"link_name":"Aldo Baldin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo_Baldin"},{"link_name":"Wolfgang Schöne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%B6ne"},{"link_name":"Hänssler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4nssler_Classic"},{"link_name":"Gustav Leonhardt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Leonhardt"},{"link_name":"Knabenchor Hannover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knabenchor_Hannover"},{"link_name":"Collegium Vocale Gent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegium_Vocale_Gent"},{"link_name":"Leonhardt-Consort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhardt-Consort"},{"link_name":"René Jacobs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Jacobs"},{"link_name":"Kurt Equiluz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Equiluz"},{"link_name":"Max van Egmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_van_Egmond"},{"link_name":"Teldec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teldec"},{"link_name":"John Eliot Gardiner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner"},{"link_name":"Monteverdi Choir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteverdi_Choir"},{"link_name":"English Baroque Soloists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Baroque_Soloists"},{"link_name":"Robin Blaze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Blaze"},{"link_name":"Christoph Genz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Genz"},{"link_name":"Reinhard Hagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Hagen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Archiv Produktion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiv_Produktion"},{"link_name":"Pieter Jan Leusink","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Jan_Leusink"},{"link_name":"Holland Boys Choir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_Boys_Choir"},{"link_name":"Netherlands Bach Collegium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_Bach_Collegium"},{"link_name":"Sytse Buwalda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sytse_Buwalda"},{"link_name":"Nico van der Meel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_van_der_Meel"},{"link_name":"Bas Ramselaar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_Ramselaar"},{"link_name":"Brilliant Classics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brilliant_Classics"},{"link_name":"Ton Koopman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton_Koopman"},{"link_name":"Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Baroque_Orchestra_%26_Choir"},{"link_name":"Bogna Bartosz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogna_Bartosz"},{"link_name":"Jörg Dürmüller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_D%C3%BCrm%C3%BCller"},{"link_name":"Klaus Mertens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Mertens"},{"link_name":"Masaaki Suzuki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaaki_Suzuki"},{"link_name":"Bach Collegium Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach_Collegium_Japan"},{"link_name":"Robin Blaze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Blaze"},{"link_name":"Makoto Sakurada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoto_Sakurada"},{"link_name":"Peter Kooy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kooy"},{"link_name":"BIS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIS_Records"}],"text":"Bach Made in Germany Vol. 1 – Cantatas V, Günther Ramin, Thomanerchor, Gewandhausorchester, Lotte Wolf-Matthäus, Gert Lutze, Johannes Oettel, Eterna 1953\nBach: 13 Sacred Cantatas & 13 Sinfonias, Helmut Winschermann, Kantorei Barmen-Gemarke, Deutsche Bachsolisten, Julia Hamari, Kurt Equiluz, Hermann Prey, Philips 1971\nDie Bach Kantate Vol. 35, Helmuth Rilling, Gächinger Kantorei, Bach-Collegium Stuttgart, Gabriele Schreckenbach, Aldo Baldin, Wolfgang Schöne, Hänssler 1981\nJ. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk – Sacred Cantatas Vol. 7, Gustav Leonhardt, Knabenchor Hannover, Collegium Vocale Gent, Leonhardt-Consort, René Jacobs, Kurt Equiluz, Max van Egmond, Teldec 1983\nJ. S. Bach: Ascension Cantatas, John Eliot Gardiner, Monteverdi Choir, English Baroque Soloists, Robin Blaze, Christoph Genz, Reinhard Hagen, Archiv Produktion 1993\nBach Edition Vol. 12 – Cantatas Vol. 6, Pieter Jan Leusink, Holland Boys Choir, Netherlands Bach Collegium, Sytse Buwalda, Nico van der Meel, Bas Ramselaar, Brilliant Classics 1999\nJ. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 15, Ton Koopman, Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir, Bogna Bartosz, Jörg Dürmüller, Klaus Mertens, Antoine Marchand 2001\nJ. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 35 (Cantatas from Leipzig 1725), Masaaki Suzuki, Bach Collegium Japan, Robin Blaze, Makoto Sakurada, Peter Kooy, BIS 2001","title":"Recordings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis"}],"text":"^ \"BWV\" is Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, a thematic catalogue of Bach's works.","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cantata BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//imslp.org/wiki/Auf_Christi_Himmelfahrt_allein,_BWV_128_(Bach,_Johann_Sebastian)"},{"link_name":"International Music Score Library Project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project"},{"link_name":"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein BWV 128; BC A 76 / Sacred cantata (Ascension Day)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000156?lang=en"},{"link_name":"Bach Digital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach_Digital"},{"link_name":"Cantata BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV128.htm"},{"link_name":"BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.uvm.edu/~classics/faculty/bach/BWV128.html"},{"link_name":"University of Vermont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Vermont"},{"link_name":"BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/128.html"},{"link_name":"University of Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alberta"},{"link_name":"BWV 128.5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0128_5.htm"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Church_cantatas_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Church_cantatas_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Church_cantatas_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach"},{"link_name":"Church cantatas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_cantata_(Bach)"},{"link_name":"Johann Sebastian Bach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach"},{"link_name":"Early","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach%27s_early_cantatas"},{"link_name":"BWV 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_lag_in_Todes_Banden,_BWV_4"},{"link_name":"131","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aus_der_Tiefen_rufe_ich,_Herr,_zu_dir,_BWV_131"},{"link_name":"71","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gott_ist_mein_K%C3%B6nig,_BWV_71"},{"link_name":"1138.1 & .2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_council_election_cantatas_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach"},{"link_name":"106","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottes_Zeit_ist_die_allerbeste_Zeit,_BWV_106"},{"link_name":"196","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Herr_denket_an_uns,_BWV_196"},{"link_name":"150","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nach_dir,_Herr,_verlanget_mich,_BWV_150"},{"link_name":"143","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe_den_Herrn,_meine_Seele,_BWV_143"},{"link_name":"Weimar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_cantata_(Bach)"},{"link_name":"BWV 61","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_komm,_der_Heiden_Heiland,_BWV_61"},{"link_name":"70a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachet!_betet!_betet!_wachet!_BWV_70"},{"link_name":"186a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84rgre_dich,_o_Seele,_nicht,_BWV_186"},{"link_name":"132","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereitet_die_Wege,_bereitet_die_Bahn,_BWV_132"},{"link_name":"147a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herz_und_Mund_und_Tat_und_Leben,_BWV_147a"},{"link_name":"63","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christen,_%C3%A4tzet_diesen_Tag,_BWV_63"},{"link_name":"152","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritt_auf_die_Glaubensbahn,_BWV_152"},{"link_name":"155","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mein_Gott,_wie_lang,_ach_lange%3F_BWV_155"},{"link_name":"18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleichwie_der_Regen_und_Schnee_vom_Himmel_f%C3%A4llt,_BWV_18"},{"link_name":"54","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widerstehe_doch_der_S%C3%BCnde,_BWV_54"},{"link_name":"80a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alles,_was_von_Gott_geboren,_BWV_80a"},{"link_name":"182","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelsk%C3%B6nig,_sei_willkommen,_BWV_182"},{"link_name":"31","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Himmel_lacht!_Die_Erde_jubilieret,_BWV_31"},{"link_name":"12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinen,_Klagen,_Sorgen,_Zagen,_BWV_12"},{"link_name":"172","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erschallet,_ihr_Lieder,_erklinget,_ihr_Saiten!_BWV_172"},{"link_name":"165","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_heilges_Geist-_und_Wasserbad,_BWV_165"},{"link_name":"21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ich_hatte_viel_Bek%C3%BCmmernis,_BWV_21"},{"link_name":"185","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barmherziges_Herze_der_ewigen_Liebe,_BWV_185"},{"link_name":"199","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mein_Herze_schwimmt_im_Blut,_BWV_199"},{"link_name":"161","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komm,_du_s%C3%BC%C3%9Fe_Todesstunde,_BWV_161"},{"link_name":"162","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ach!_ich_sehe,_itzt,_da_ich_zur_Hochzeit_gehe,_BWV_162"},{"link_name":"163","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_jedem_das_Seine,_BWV_163"},{"link_name":"Köthen: BWV Anh. 5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobet_den_Herrn,_alle_seine_Heerscharen,_BWV_Anh._5"},{"link_name":"First cycle(1723–24)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach%27s_first_cantata_cycle"},{"link_name":"BWV 75","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Elenden_sollen_essen,_BWV_75"},{"link_name":"76","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Himmel_erz%C3%A4hlen_die_Ehre_Gottes,_BWV_76"},{"link_name":"24","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_ungef%C3%A4rbt_Gem%C3%BCte,_BWV_24"},{"link_name":"167","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihr_Menschen,_r%C3%BChmet_Gottes_Liebe,_BWV_167"},{"link_name":"147","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herz_und_Mund_und_Tat_und_Leben,_BWV_147"},{"link_name":"186","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84rgre_dich,_o_Seele,_nicht,_BWV_186"},{"link_name":"136","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erforsche_mich,_Gott,_und_erfahre_mein_Herz,_BWV_136"},{"link_name":"105","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herr,_gehe_nicht_ins_Gericht_mit_deinem_Knecht,_BWV_105"},{"link_name":"46","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schauet_doch_und_sehet,_ob_irgend_ein_Schmerz_sei,_BWV_46"},{"link_name":"179","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siehe_zu,_da%C3%9F_deine_Gottesfurcht_nicht_Heuchelei_sei,_BWV_179"},{"link_name":"69a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe_den_Herrn,_meine_Seele,_BWV_69a"},{"link_name":"77","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_sollt_Gott,_deinen_Herren,_lieben,_BWV_77"},{"link_name":"25","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_ist_nichts_Gesundes_an_meinem_Leibe,_BWV_25"},{"link_name":"138","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warum_betr%C3%BCbst_du_dich,_mein_Herz,_BWV_138"},{"link_name":"95","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christus,_der_ist_mein_Leben,_BWV_95"},{"link_name":"148","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bringet_dem_Herrn_Ehre_seines_Namens,_BWV_148"},{"link_name":"48","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ich_elender_Mensch,_wer_wird_mich_erl%C3%B6sen,_BWV_48"},{"link_name":"109","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ich_glaube,_lieber_Herr,_hilf_meinem_Unglauben,_BWV_109"},{"link_name":"89","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was_soll_ich_aus_dir_machen,_Ephraim,_BWV_89"},{"link_name":"60","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Ewigkeit,_du_Donnerwort,_BWV_60"},{"link_name":"90","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_rei%C3%9Fet_euch_ein_schrecklich_Ende,_BWV_90"},{"link_name":"70","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachet!_betet!_betet!_wachet!_BWV_70"},{"link_name":"BWV 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databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759313#identifiers"},{"link_name":"VIAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//viaf.org/viaf/183074861"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13909479p"},{"link_name":"BnF data","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13909479p"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//d-nb.info/gnd/30000821X"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007599741405171"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.loc.gov/authorities/n82163435"},{"link_name":"MusicBrainz work","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//musicbrainz.org/work/a114da75-28b8-4213-bf9c-5b02f088cb3d"}],"text":"Cantata BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project\nAuf Christi Himmelfahrt allein BWV 128; BC A 76 / Sacred cantata (Ascension Day) Bach Digital\nCantata BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, Bach Cantatas Website\nBWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: English translation, University of Vermont\nBWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein: text, scoring, University of Alberta\nLuke Dahn: BWV 128.5 bach-chorales.comvteChurch cantatas by Johann Sebastian BachBeforeLeipzig\nEarly: BWV 4\n131\n71\n1138.1 & .2\n106\n196\n150\n143\nWeimar: BWV 61\n70a\n186a\n132\n147a\n63\n152\n155\n18\n54\n80a\n182\n31\n12\n172\n165\n21\n185\n199\n161\n162\n163\nKöthen: BWV Anh. 5\nFirst cycle(1723–24)\nBetween Trinity and Advent: BWV 75\n76\n24\n167\n147\n186\n136\n105\n46\n179\n69a\n77\n25\n138\n95\n148\n48\n109\n89\n60\n90\n70\nFrom Advent to Trinity: BWV 40\n64\n190\n153\n65\n154\n73\n81\n83\n144\n181\n22\n23\n66\n134\n67\n104\n166\n86\n37\n44\n59\n184\nSecond cycle(and choralecantatas)\nChorale cantatas between Trinity and Easter: BWV 20\n2\n7\n135\n10\n93\n107\n178\n94\n101\n113\n33\n78\n99\n8\n130\n114\n96\n5\n180\n38\n115\n139\n26\n116\n62\n91\n121\n133\n122\n41\n123\n124\n3\n111\n92\n125\n126\n127\n1\nContinuation of the second cycle: BWV 6\n42\n85\n103\n108\n87\n128\n183\n74\n68\n175\n176\nLater additions to the chorale cantata cycle: BWV 80\n137\n129\n58\n112\n140\n177\n9\n14\nOther late chorale cantatas: BWV 117\n192\n100\n97\nThird cycle\nAfter Trinity 1725: BWV 168\n164\n79\nLiturgical year 1725–26: BWV 110\n57\n151\n28\n16\n32\n13\n72\n146\n43\n39\n88\n170\n187\n45\n102\n35\n17\n19\n27\n47\n169\n56\n49\n98\n55\n52\n1727: BWV 82\n84\n34\n173\nLaterand other\nPicander cycle: BWV 149\n188\n197a\n171\n156\n159\n145\n174\nLate parodies: BWV 36\n30\n191\n200\n248 (I, II, III, IV, V, VI)\n1083\nCouncil election (Leipzig): BWV 119\n193\n29\n120\n69\n(lost: 1139.1, 1140–1141)\nWedding: BWV 34a\n195\n120a\n197\nFuneral: 157\n244a\nOther: 194\n190a\n120b\n51\n158\n50\nDoubtful: 53\n142\n189\n217\n220\n221\n223\n224\n\nBach cantata\nList of Bach cantatas\nDiscography: Monteverdi Choir/Koopman/TeldecvteCantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach by BWV number\n1[d]\n2\n3\n4[d]\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11 (oratorio)\n12\n13\n14\n15**\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\n26\n27\n28\n29\n30\n30a\n31\n32\n33\n34\n34a\n35\n36\n36a\n36b\n36c\n37\n38\n39\n40\n41\n42\n43\n44\n45\n46\n47\n48\n49\n50\n51\n52\n(53)*\n54\n55\n56\n57\n58\n59\n60\n61\n62\n63\n64\n65\n66\n66a\n67\n68\n69\n69a\n70\n71\n72\n73\n74\n75\n76\n77\n78\n79\n80\n80a\n81\n82\n83\n84\n85\n86\n87\n88\n89\n90\n91\n92\n93\n94\n95\n96\n97\n98\n99\n100\n101\n102\n103\n104\n105\n106\n107\n108\n109\n110\n111\n112\n113\n114\n115\n116\n117\n118 (motet)\n119\n120\n120a\n120b\n121\n122\n123\n124\n125\n126\n127\n128\n129\n130\n131\n(131a)*\n132\n133\n134\n134a\n135\n136\n137\n138\n139\n140\n141**\n(142)*\n143\n144\n145\n146\n147\n147a\n148\n149\n150\n151\n152\n153\n154\n155\n156\n157\n158\n159\n160**\n161\n162\n163\n164\n165\n166\n167\n168\n169\n170\n171\n172\n173\n173a\n174\n175\n176\n177\n178\n179\n180\n181\n182\n183\n184\n185\n186\n187\n188\n(189)*\n190\n190a\n191\n192\n193\n193a\n194\n195\n196\n197\n197a\n198\n199\n200\n201\n202\n203\n204\n205\n205a\n206\n207\n207a\n208\n208a\n209\n210\n210a\n211\n212\n213\n214\n215\n216\n216a\n(217)*\n218**\n219**\n(220)*\n(221)*\n222**\n223\n224\n244a\n248 I\n248 II\n248 III\n248 IV\n248 V\n248 VI\n249a\n249b\n1040\n1045\n1083\n1127\n1138.1–1139.1\n1140–1141\nAnh. 5\nAnh. 9\nAnh. 11\nAnh. 18 — [d]discography; *(doubtful); **spurious\n\nLists: Compositions\nCantatas ; Church cantatas: Chorale cantatas\nEarly\nWeimar\n1st cycle\n2nd cycle\n3rd cycle\nPicander cycle\nLate ; Secular cantatasAuthority control databases International\nVIAF\nNational\nFrance\nBnF data\nGermany\nIsrael\nUnited States\nOther\nMusicBrainz work","title":"Sources"}] | [{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Thomaskirche-1885.png/170px-Thomaskirche-1885.png"}] | null | [{"reference":"Dellal, Pamela. \"BWV 128 – \"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein\"\". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 31 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Dellal","url_text":"Dellal, Pamela"},{"url":"https://www.emmanuelmusic.org/bach-translations/bwv-128","url_text":"\"BWV 128 – \"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Music","url_text":"Emmanuel Music"}]},{"reference":"Dürr, Alfred (1981). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). Vol. 1 (4 ed.). Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. pp. 281–284. ISBN 3-423-04080-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%BCrr","url_text":"Dürr, Alfred"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr","url_text":"Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-423-04080-7","url_text":"3-423-04080-7"}]},{"reference":"Christoph Wolff. \"The transition between the second and the third yearly cycle of Bach's Leipzig cantatas (1725)\" (PDF). pregardien.com. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Wolff","url_text":"Christoph Wolff"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110726205853/http://www.pregardien.com/pdf/vol15.pdf","url_text":"\"The transition between the second and the third yearly cycle of Bach's Leipzig cantatas (1725)\""},{"url":"http://www.pregardien.com/pdf/vol15.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein / Text and Translation of Chorale\". Bach Cantatas Website. 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale093-Eng3.htm","url_text":"\"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein / Text and Translation of Chorale\""}]},{"reference":"\"O Jesu, meine Lust / Text and Translation of Chorale\". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 1 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale060-Eng3.htm","url_text":"\"O Jesu, meine Lust / Text and Translation of Chorale\""}]},{"reference":"Mincham, Julian (2010). \"Chapter 46 BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein\". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 31 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-46-bwv-128","url_text":"\"Chapter 46 BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein\""}]},{"reference":"Leonard, James (2011). \"Cantata No. 128, \"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein,\" BWV 128\". Allmusic.com. Retrieved 28 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.allmusic.com/work/cantata-no-128-auf-christi-himmelfahrt-allein-bwv-128-bc-a76-c3931/description","url_text":"\"Cantata No. 128, \"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein,\" BWV 128\""}]}] | [{"Link":"https://www.emmanuelmusic.org/bach-translations/bwv-128","external_links_name":"\"BWV 128 – \"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein\"\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr","external_links_name":"Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110726205853/http://www.pregardien.com/pdf/vol15.pdf","external_links_name":"\"The transition between the second and the third yearly cycle of Bach's Leipzig cantatas (1725)\""},{"Link":"http://www.pregardien.com/pdf/vol15.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale093-Eng3.htm","external_links_name":"\"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein / Text and Translation of Chorale\""},{"Link":"http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale060-Eng3.htm","external_links_name":"\"O Jesu, meine Lust / Text and Translation of Chorale\""},{"Link":"https://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-46-bwv-128","external_links_name":"\"Chapter 46 BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein\""},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/work/cantata-no-128-auf-christi-himmelfahrt-allein-bwv-128-bc-a76-c3931/description","external_links_name":"\"Cantata No. 128, \"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein,\" BWV 128\""},{"Link":"http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000156?lang=en","external_links_name":"Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein BWV 128; BC A 76 / Sacred cantata (Ascension Day)"},{"Link":"http://www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV128.htm","external_links_name":"Cantata BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein"},{"Link":"http://www.uvm.edu/~classics/faculty/bach/BWV128.html","external_links_name":"BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein"},{"Link":"http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/128.html","external_links_name":"BWV 128 Auf Christi Himmelfahrt allein"},{"Link":"http://www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0128_5.htm","external_links_name":"BWV 128.5"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/183074861","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13909479p","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13909479p","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/30000821X","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007599741405171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82163435","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/work/a114da75-28b8-4213-bf9c-5b02f088cb3d","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz work"}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partis_College,_Bath | Partis College, Bath | ["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"] | Coordinates: 51°23′23″N 2°23′55″W / 51.38972°N 2.39861°W / 51.38972; -2.39861
Historic site in Somerset, EnglandPartis College, BathLocationBath, Somerset, EnglandCoordinates51°23′23″N 2°23′55″W / 51.38972°N 2.39861°W / 51.38972; -2.39861Built1827
Listed Building – Grade IDesignated12 June 1950Reference no.443111
Location of Partis College, Bath in Somerset
Partis College on Newbridge Hill, Bath, Somerset, England, was built as large block of almshouses between 1825 and 1827. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.
It was founded by Ann and Fletcher Partis for women "who had been left in reduced circumstances", and still provides accommodation, in 30 two-storey terraced houses set around three sides of a quadrangle, for women, aged over 50 in membership of the Church of England. Fletcher Partis was a barrister who purchased the land for the almshouses, however he died and the further development was undertaken by his wife.
The building is in a Greek Revival style. The main range has 32-bays with a centre piece with an unfluted Ionic portico fronting the chapel. On each side are wings with five apartments and beyond them pavilions. The east and west ranges each have 16 bays.
The lodge, walls, gates and gatepiers are also listed buildings.
In 1862, George Gilbert Scott redesigned the original chapel, which had been built by Henry Goodridge. In 1929 a new block was added to provide a nursing wing, after funds were given by Dame Violet Wills. In 2015 Right Reverend Peter Hancock the Bishop of Bath and Wells became the patron of the almshouses.
Central section of Partis College from quadrangle
See also
List of Grade I listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset
References
^ a b c "Partis College, including lodge and wrought iron gates". Images of England. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
^ Historic England, "Partis College (1396304)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020
^ a b "History". Partis College. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
^ a b "Design and Access Statement incorporating a Statement of Historic Significance 3 673 – Partis College Newbridge, Bath" (PDF). BBS Architects. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ "Partis College". National Heritage List for England. Historic England. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ Historic England, "Lodge of Partis College (1396315)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020
^ Historic England, "Gatepiers and gates of Partis College (1396313)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020
^ Historic England, "Boundary walls of Partis College (1405532)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020
^ "Bishop of Bath and Wells takes over as patron for Partis College Almshouses". Bath Chronicle. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
External links
Official website
"Partis College, Bath, registered charity no. 200606". Charity Commission for England and Wales. | [{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset"},{"link_name":"Somerset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"almshouses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almshouse"},{"link_name":"listed building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_building"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IoE-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NHLEPartis-2"},{"link_name":"Church of England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hist-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-designstatement-4"},{"link_name":"Greek Revival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture"},{"link_name":"bays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_(architecture)"},{"link_name":"Ionic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order"},{"link_name":"portico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portico"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nhlepartiscollege-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NHLEPartisLodge-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NHLEGates-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NHLEWalls-8"},{"link_name":"George Gilbert Scott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hist-3"},{"link_name":"Henry Goodridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Goodridge"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IoE-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-designstatement-4"},{"link_name":"Peter Hancock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hancock"},{"link_name":"Bishop of Bath and Wells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Bath_and_Wells"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Partis_College,_panorama_from_quadrangle.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Partis_College,_panorama_from_quadrangle.jpg"}],"text":"Historic site in Somerset, EnglandPartis College on Newbridge Hill, Bath, Somerset, England, was built as large block of almshouses between 1825 and 1827. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.[1][2]It was founded by Ann and Fletcher Partis for women \"who had been left in reduced circumstances\", and still provides accommodation, in 30 two-storey terraced houses set around three sides of a quadrangle, for women, aged over 50 in membership of the Church of England.[3] Fletcher Partis was a barrister who purchased the land for the almshouses, however he died and the further development was undertaken by his wife.[4]The building is in a Greek Revival style. The main range has 32-bays with a centre piece with an unfluted Ionic portico fronting the chapel. On each side are wings with five apartments and beyond them pavilions. The east and west ranges each have 16 bays.[5]The lodge, walls, gates and gatepiers are also listed buildings.[6][7]\n[8]In 1862, George Gilbert Scott redesigned the original chapel,[3] which had been built by Henry Goodridge.[1] In 1929 a new block was added to provide a nursing wing, after funds were given by Dame Violet Wills.[4] In 2015 Right Reverend Peter Hancock the Bishop of Bath and Wells became the patron of the almshouses.[9]Central section of Partis College from quadrangle","title":"Partis College, Bath"}] | [] | [{"title":"List of Grade I listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Bath_and_North_East_Somerset"}] | [{"reference":"\"Partis College, including lodge and wrought iron gates\". Images of England. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121018003227/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443111","url_text":"\"Partis College, including lodge and wrought iron gates\""},{"url":"http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443111","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Partis College (1396304)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396304","url_text":"\"Partis College (1396304)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"\"History\". Partis College. Retrieved 19 July 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.partiscollege.com/history.html","url_text":"\"History\""}]},{"reference":"\"Design and Access Statement incorporating a Statement of Historic Significance 3 673 – Partis College Newbridge, Bath\" (PDF). BBS Architects. Retrieved 23 September 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/WAM/doc/BackGround%20Papers-736037.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=736037&location=VOLUME3&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1&appid=1001","url_text":"\"Design and Access Statement incorporating a Statement of Historic Significance 3 673 – Partis College Newbridge, Bath\""}]},{"reference":"\"Partis College\". National Heritage List for England. Historic England. Retrieved 23 September 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396304","url_text":"\"Partis College\""}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Lodge of Partis College (1396315)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396315","url_text":"\"Lodge of Partis College (1396315)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Gatepiers and gates of Partis College (1396313)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396313","url_text":"\"Gatepiers and gates of Partis College (1396313)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Boundary walls of Partis College (1405532)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 17 January 2020","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1405532","url_text":"\"Boundary walls of Partis College (1405532)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"\"Bishop of Bath and Wells takes over as patron for Partis College Almshouses\". Bath Chronicle. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/bishop-bath-wells-takes-patron-partis-college/story-27471440-detail/story.html","url_text":"\"Bishop of Bath and Wells takes over as patron for Partis College Almshouses\""}]},{"reference":"\"Partis College, Bath, registered charity no. 200606\". Charity Commission for England and Wales.","urls":[{"url":"https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=200606&subId=0","url_text":"\"Partis College, Bath, registered charity no. 200606\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_Commission_for_England_and_Wales","url_text":"Charity Commission for England and Wales"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Partis_College,_Bath¶ms=51_23_23_N_2_23_55_W_type:landmark","external_links_name":"51°23′23″N 2°23′55″W / 51.38972°N 2.39861°W / 51.38972; -2.39861"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Partis_College,_Bath¶ms=51_23_23_N_2_23_55_W_type:landmark","external_links_name":"51°23′23″N 2°23′55″W / 51.38972°N 2.39861°W / 51.38972; -2.39861"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121018003227/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443111","external_links_name":"\"Partis College, including lodge and wrought iron gates\""},{"Link":"http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443111","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396304","external_links_name":"\"Partis College (1396304)\""},{"Link":"http://www.partiscollege.com/history.html","external_links_name":"\"History\""},{"Link":"http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/WAM/doc/BackGround%20Papers-736037.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=736037&location=VOLUME3&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1&appid=1001","external_links_name":"\"Design and Access Statement incorporating a Statement of Historic Significance 3 673 – Partis College Newbridge, Bath\""},{"Link":"https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396304","external_links_name":"\"Partis College\""},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396315","external_links_name":"\"Lodge of Partis College (1396315)\""},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1396313","external_links_name":"\"Gatepiers and gates of Partis College (1396313)\""},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1405532","external_links_name":"\"Boundary walls of Partis College (1405532)\""},{"Link":"http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/bishop-bath-wells-takes-patron-partis-college/story-27471440-detail/story.html","external_links_name":"\"Bishop of Bath and Wells takes over as patron for Partis College Almshouses\""},{"Link":"http://www.partiscollege.com/index.html","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=200606&subId=0","external_links_name":"\"Partis College, Bath, registered charity no. 200606\""}] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Manor,_Staten_Island | Randall Manor, Staten Island | ["1 Features","2 Transportation","3 References"] | Coordinates: 40°38′28″N 74°06′12″W / 40.64111°N 74.10333°W / 40.64111; -74.10333This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Randall Manor, Staten Island" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Postcard, early 20th century
Randall Manor is a neighborhood on the North Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, United States.
The neighborhood is bound by Bard Avenue to the West, Henderson Avenue to the North, Forest Avenue to the South, and Lafayette Avenue to the East. It used to be part of Elliottville.
Named after Captain Robert Richard Randall, the founder of Sailors Snug Harbor, the neighborhood lies immediately to the south of the latter, between New Brighton and West Brighton.
Features
Randall Manor is one of the few affluent enclaves on Staten Island not situated upon the backbone of hills that run diagonally across the island from northeast to southwest, which include Emerson Hill and Todt Hill. Development in the area had largely been completed by the time the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964, so Randall Manor has been almost unaffected by the construction boom that accompanied the bridge's opening. Possessing the advantage of being located in proximity to the St. George ferry terminal, Randall Manor remains one of the most desirable and attractive locations on the island.
Transportation
Randall Manor is served by the S48 and S98 local buses on Forest Avenue, the S46 and S96 along Castleton Avenue, and the S44 and S94 along Henderson Avenue. The SIM30 express bus also stops in the neighborhood.
References
^ "Staten Island Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
40°38′28″N 74°06′12″W / 40.64111°N 74.10333°W / 40.64111; -74.10333
vteNeighborhoods in the New York City borough of Staten IslandNorth Shore (Community District 1)
Arlington
northern Castleton Corners
Brighton Heights
Clifton
Concord
Elm Park
Fort Wadsworth
northern Graniteville
Grymes Hill
Livingston
Mariners Harbor
northern Meiers Corners
New Brighton
Old Place
Park Hill
Port Ivory
Port Richmond
Randall Manor
Rosebank
Saint George
Shore Acres
Silver Lake
Stapleton
Stapleton Heights
Sunnyside
Tompkinsville
Ward Hill
West New Brighton
Westerleigh
Mid-Island (Community District 2)
Arrochar
Bloomfield
Bulls Head
southern Castleton Corners
Chelsea
Dongan Hills
Egbertville
Emerson Hill
southern Graniteville
Grant City
Grasmere
Heartland Village
Lighthouse Hill
Manor Heights
southern Meiers Corners
Midland Beach
New Dorp
New Springville
Oakwood
Ocean Breeze
Old Town
Richmondtown
South Beach
Teleport
Todt Hill
Travis
southern Willowbrook
South Shore (Community District 3)
Annadale
Arden Heights
Bay Terrace
Charleston
Eltingville
Great Kills
Greenridge
Huguenot
Pleasant Plains
Prince's Bay
Richmond Valley
Rossville
Sandy Ground
Tottenville
Woodrow
Related areas
East Shore
West Shore
Community boards: 1
2
3
Joint interest areas:
95
This article about a location on Staten Island, New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte | [{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Lake,_Randall_Manor,_Staten_Island,_N.Y._(lake_with_mansion_in_background)_(NYPL_b15279351-104849).tiff"},{"link_name":"North Shore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Shore,_Staten_Island"},{"link_name":"Staten Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island"},{"link_name":"boroughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"Robert Richard Randall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Richard_Randall"},{"link_name":"Sailors Snug Harbor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailors_Snug_Harbor"},{"link_name":"New Brighton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brighton,_Staten_Island"},{"link_name":"West Brighton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_New_Brighton,_Staten_Island"}],"text":"Postcard, early 20th centuryRandall Manor is a neighborhood on the North Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, United States.\nThe neighborhood is bound by Bard Avenue to the West, Henderson Avenue to the North, Forest Avenue to the South, and Lafayette Avenue to the East. It used to be part of Elliottville.Named after Captain Robert Richard Randall, the founder of Sailors Snug Harbor, the neighborhood lies immediately to the south of the latter, between New Brighton and West Brighton.","title":"Randall Manor, Staten Island"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Emerson Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Hill,_Staten_Island"},{"link_name":"Todt Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todt_Hill,_Staten_Island"},{"link_name":"Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge"},{"link_name":"St. George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George,_Staten_Island"},{"link_name":"ferry terminal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry"}],"text":"Randall Manor is one of the few affluent enclaves on Staten Island not situated upon the backbone of hills that run diagonally across the island from northeast to southwest, which include Emerson Hill and Todt Hill. Development in the area had largely been completed by the time the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964, so Randall Manor has been almost unaffected by the construction boom that accompanied the bridge's opening. Possessing the advantage of being located in proximity to the St. George ferry terminal, Randall Manor remains one of the most desirable and attractive locations on the island.","title":"Features"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"S48","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S48_(New_York_City_bus)"},{"link_name":"S98","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S98_(New_York_City_bus)"},{"link_name":"S46","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S46_(New_York_City_bus)"},{"link_name":"S96","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S96_(New_York_City_bus)"},{"link_name":"S44","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S44_(New_York_City_bus)"},{"link_name":"S94","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S94_(New_York_City_bus)"},{"link_name":"SIM30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM30_(New_York_City_bus)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Randall Manor is served by the S48 and S98 local buses on Forest Avenue, the S46 and S96 along Castleton Avenue, and the S44 and S94 along Henderson Avenue. The SIM30 express bus also stops in the neighborhood.[1]","title":"Transportation"}] | [{"image_text":"Postcard, early 20th century","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_Lake%2C_Randall_Manor%2C_Staten_Island%2C_N.Y._%28lake_with_mansion_in_background%29_%28NYPL_b15279351-104849%29.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-The_Lake%2C_Randall_Manor%2C_Staten_Island%2C_N.Y._%28lake_with_mansion_in_background%29_%28NYPL_b15279351-104849%29.tiff.jpg"}] | null | [{"reference":"\"Staten Island Bus Map\" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://new.mta.info/map/5376","url_text":"\"Staten Island Bus Map\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF","url_text":"PDF"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority","url_text":"Metropolitan Transportation Authority"}]}] | [{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Randall_Manor,_Staten_Island¶ms=40_38_28_N_74_06_12_W_","external_links_name":"40°38′28″N 74°06′12″W / 40.64111°N 74.10333°W / 40.64111; -74.10333"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Randall+Manor%2C+Staten+Island%22","external_links_name":"\"Randall Manor, Staten Island\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Randall+Manor%2C+Staten+Island%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Randall+Manor%2C+Staten+Island%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Randall+Manor%2C+Staten+Island%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Randall+Manor%2C+Staten+Island%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Randall+Manor%2C+Staten+Island%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://new.mta.info/map/5376","external_links_name":"\"Staten Island Bus Map\""},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Randall_Manor,_Staten_Island¶ms=40_38_28_N_74_06_12_W_","external_links_name":"40°38′28″N 74°06′12″W / 40.64111°N 74.10333°W / 40.64111; -74.10333"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Randall_Manor,_Staten_Island&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}] |
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