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Home→Data Mining→What are the steps to implement a data mining algorithm?
In this post, I will discuss what are the steps that I follow to implement a data mining algorithm.
When we do he programming I’ve observed a good programmer always makes a flow chart, data flow diagram, context diagram etc. to make the programming error free. (…) In your implementation of XXXX algorithm, have you performed any procedures as discussed above? (…) Can you explain me what are the basic procedures that you have applied to implement XXXX algorithm?
When I implement a data mining algorithm, I don’t do any flowchart or UML design because I consider that a single data mining algorithm is a small project. If I was programming larger software program, I would think about object-oriented design and UML. But for a single algorithm, it does not need to be an object oriented design. Actually, what is the most important for a data mining algorithm is that the algorithm produces the correct result, is fast and preferably that the code is well-documented and clean.
Step 1: understanding the algorithm. For implementing a data mining algorithm, the first step that I perform is to read the research paper describing it and make sure that I understand it well. Usually, I need to read the paper a few times to understand it. If there is an example in the paper I will try to understand it and later I will use this example to test the algorithm to see if my implementation is correct. After I read the paper a few times, I may still not understand some details about the algorithm. But this is ok. There is often some tricky details that you may only understand when doing the implementation because the authors do not always give all the details in the paper, sometimes due to the lack of space. Especially, it is common that authors do not describe all the optimizations and data structures that they have used in a research paper.
Step 2: implementing a first draft of the algorithm step by step. Then, I start to implement the algorithm. To implement the algorithm I print the pseudocode and i try to implement it. For an algorithm that takes a file as input, I will first work on the code for reading the input file. I will test this code extensively to make sure that I read the input file correctly. Then, I will add additional details to perform the first operations of the algorithm. I will check if the intermediary result is correct by comparing with the example in the paper. If it is not correct I will debug and maybe read the paper again to make sure that I did not make a mistake because I did not understand something in the paper. Then I will continue until the algorithm is fully implemented.
Step 3: testing with other input files. When my implementation becomes correct, I will try with a few more examples, to make sure that it is not correct for a single example but that it can provide the correct result for other input files.
Step 4: cleaning the code. After that, I will clean my code because the first draft is likely not pretty.
Step 5: optimizing the code. Then I will try to optimize the algorithm in terms of (1) using better data structures, (2) simplifying the code by removing unecessary operations, etc. For example, for my implementation of PrefixSpan in my SPMF data mining software, I first made a very simple implementation without an optimization called pseudo-projection that is described in the paper. It was very slow. After my implementation was correct, I took a few days to optimize it. For example, I added the pseudo-projection, I also added code for another optimization which is to remove infrequent items after the first input file scan, I removed some unnecessary code that I had left, I reorganized some code, I added some comments, etc.
Step 6: Comparison of the performance with other implementations of the same algorithm / peer review. After my code is optimized, as an optional sixth step, I may compare the performance of my implementation with other implementations of the same algorithm if some are available on the Internet in the same programming language.If my implementation is slower, I may look at the source code of the other implementation to see if there is some ideas that I have not thought of that could be used to further optimize my code. I may also ask some of my friends or colleagues to review my code. Another good way is to not show the code to your colleague but just to explain them the main idea to get their feedback. Discussing with other people is a good way to learn.
It takes times… Note that being good at programming data mining algorithms takes time. For example, let me tell you about my story. The first time that I implemented data mining algorithms was in december 2007. I implemented the Apriori algorithm for a course project at university. My implementation was terrible and slow… But it generated the correct result. I then implemented PrefixSpan in 2008. At that time, my code was better because I was gaining some experience on implementing this kind of algorithms. Then in 2010, I read my Apriori and PrefixSpan code again and I still found some problems and I optimized them again. What I want to say here is that it is normal that the first implementation(s) of data mining algorithms that one person makes may not be very good. But after implementing a few algorithms, it becomes much easier. Now, we are in 2013 and I have implemented more than 45 algorithms in my open-source SPMF Java data mining software!
This is what I wanted to write for today. Hope that you enjoyed this post. If you want to read more on this topic, you may be interested by my post on How to be a good data mining programmer. Lastly, if you like this blog, you can subscribe to the RSS Feed or my Twitter account (https://twitter.com/philfv) to get notified about future blog posts. Also, if you want to support this blog, please tweet and share it!
it is very useful information indeed.
Right now I am pursuing masters in Comp. Sci.
My topic for dissertation is Finding Outlier Patterns in Time-Series Sequences.
As my Input Data will be Time Series.
The SPMF you mentioned here can be used for Time Series Database or not.
it would be great if you could guide me for this implementation.
Time series usually refers to sequences of numeric data.
SPMF is for symbolic data (sequences of symbols).
It would be possible to apply SPMF on time series data but you would need to convert from numeric data to symbolic data, and this may not be the best choice.
I don’t know any software for time series data but they may exist some.
do you have project codes.How to generate project source codes according to an algorithm ?
– where the input data is to be stored file or database?
– where to start with?
Where to store the input data? It depends. If it is just for a homework, then, you could just use text file. It would be easier to deal with text files than with a database. But you could certainly use a table from an SQL database instead of text files if you want. In my implementation of ID3, I just use text files because it is more simlpe and one could always export a table from a database to a text file.
Where to get information about ID3? You could have a look at classic books about artificial intelligence. Most AI books have some chapters explaining ID3 since it is a very popular and simple algorithm. For example, you could look at the book “Machine Learning” by Tom Mitchell etc. There is also many powerpoints on the internet explaining ID3.
Thank you for the information, it motivated me a lot.
I want to implement a data mining project for the graduation.
Can you suggest some good real-time data mining apps which I can choose as a project…???
If I undestand well, you want to make some charts or tables to show the results of your experiments for comparing performance of some algorithms..
There are various software than can be used to show results.
To make some charts, I personnally use Excel. Excel provides a lot of different types of graphs: charts, histograms, etc.
I sometimes also present experimental results using tables. Tables can be made easily with software such as Powerpoint, Word, Latex, etc.
i am a Mtech student. My dissertation topic is Detection of deceptive opinions using PU learning. can i get java code for the same.
I want to do data mining on my database to predict the behavior of some fields.My data is of float type and the unique key which I’m using is of date time type.I ahve a huge database.
I have four different database namely INDUS2_BDS,INDUS_VACUUM,MSIS and RF.All these database have tables which have logtime as the unique key.From INDUS2_BDS database I consider a table from which I retrieve the beam_current and its corresponding logtime.
Now from rest three database different columns values or parameters corresponding to the above logtime of INDUS2_BDS will be considered.Now I will apply mining to theses retrieved values and beam_current to check what was the values of all parameters against beam_current and what pattern it follows and how values of different parameters changes when beam_current changes.
Moreover I want to predict the beam_current value by looking at all other various parameters on which beam_current depends.This dependency also I want to display through mining technique.
Can you suggest me if it is good to use SPMF for this and which algorithm I should use for mining?
I think that there are various things that you could try.
First, you can apply some basic statistics to better know your data. For example, you could calculate correlation between an attribute and your target attribute to see if there is some correlation. You could also use vizualization techniques such as scatter plot with two attributes as X and Y axis to see if there are some relationships between some pairs of attributes.
Besides, you could apply some more or less complciated data mining techniques or techniques. If you think that the relationship between your attributes is linear you could try something like multiple linear regression with multiple attributes.
Other techniques that could be applied is classifiers such as neural networks, svm etc. A neural net can take numeric data as input and predict numeric data as output and it can learn non linear relationships between attributes.
I think that you may need to try various techniques and depending on how your data really is, different things may work better or not.
Another idea is to preprocess your data. Data may need to be normalized to achieve better results. Maybe also that it make sense to discretize the data? I just try to give you some general ideas.
Sir, actually i’m a beginner in data mining topic and i want to do my thesis on it . I’ve read 2-3 papers on security sensitive data mining and i wish to know the fields for this topic and the tools that i should use. It would be great if you could tell. waiting for the reply.
I am doing masters in Computer Science,trying to implement below flowchart since 2yrs..but nobody is able to help me on this….not even my project guide.
It will be great help if u can give me implementation or code for the same.
b) Generate the initial population with N chromosomes.
c) Evaluate the initial population.
max1≤i≤N fj(xi), j = 1, …,m.
Step 2: Update. For each i = 1, …,N do the following.
operators are applied for the two offspring.
fj(yk), then set zj = fj(yk).
A) If c == ηr or P is empty go to Step 3.
C) Remove l from P and go to a).
Step 4: Remove redundance from the EP.
previous population is less than α%, restart the population.
Step 7: Remove redundance from the EP.
Step 8: The EP is returned.
I don’t have time. But you should first try to contact the author of that paper to ask if they can provide you the implementation.
I am also doing my master thesis using Artificial Bee Colony for association rule optimization. I also need a help how to initialize the association rules into artificial bee colony. If you can please guiding me.
My name appears on some papers related to this topic but I was not the main author so i cannot give much details about how it works. I think you can read the papers to find more information, or contact the corresponding authors of the papers.
sir, I con’t create any problem for Ph.D thesis, pls give me any ideas on data mining techniques.
Hello, I cannot find a topic for you. You may read this blog post about how to find a topic on the top of this page or ask your supervisor to help you.
Hello, I don’t have time to implement or give details about this algorithm. I am very busy, and since it is a kind of homework/project it is better that you do it by yourself. There is a lot of places where the KNN algorithm is being described (e.g. wikipedia) so you can read that. Besides, if you know how to use Java, it should not be too hard to write a simple version of KNN. It could probably be written in less than 100 lines of code.
It’s not regarding I can implement !!! I need the steps and algorithm who it works for 500 seya of students and what all the variables and attributes I should take ??
Help me in that .
KNN is a very popular algorithm. You can certainly even find some source code in Java by searching a little bit on Google if you need inspiration about how to implement it. Besides, it is described in many books.
For the data, you need to find some dataset to test your algorithm. You may search to find some data, and then test the data and see what works best. Normally, you will not know beforehand what attributes will work best. You need to try it. Also, which attributes are available depends on your dataset, so it is impossible to know what attributes you should take before you find your dataset. Besides, what attributes you should use depends on your goal. For example, if you want to predict which student will fail or if you want to predict which student play video games, then you will certainly not use the same attributes to make the predictions.
I need to predict students pass and fail by knowing previous 3 years marks and I should predict what is the output in 4 th year !!! What all should dataset contain and attributes and variables ?????
I’m pretty certain that some papers have been already published on this topic. You could check these papers and see which attributes they have used. The topic of predicting pass or fail has been certainly studied before. I remember ever reading a paper about that but it is a long time ago. But you can find some by searching on Google Scholar.
Besides that, as I said, you need to try it. You cannot know beforehand which method or which attribute will work before you try it. You can use common sense knowledge to determine that some attributes are relevant or not. But ultimately you will still need to try it with real data to see really which attributes works or not.
these are general idea i dont know which one is the best and what data mining technologies can be used in this case these data is massive dynamic real time data(big data ) , can i use same data mining algorithms for should i update it.
Those are good research areas as they are popular now. Since these research areas are quite broad, i think that almost any data mining algorithms could be applied in either of them depending on specifically what you will do. But for sure, some methods are more popular. For example in social networks, if you like to work with graphs, than you can work on algortihms for data minin on graphs, although in IoT, you can also work on graphs. I suggest to read papers on these topics to see really what you like and what people are doing. You will get a better idea of what people are doing.
Thanks prof. for your response and advice, the data generated by IOT or Social networks is a stream data so should i read data mining algorithms for streams data ???
You could apply some basic algorithm like regression, or do something more complicated like clustering similar students into groups and then trying to predict each group separately. I think it depends on what you have. The more data you have, probably the more interesting the results would be. Also you may need to try various approaches to see which one works better. But i’m certain that many people have worked on this problem before. You could search papers on Google Scholar and read them to see how they have done it.
The Euclidian distance is well explained on Wikipedia. There is also a lot of resources online and books explaining KNN. You may search a little bit and read them.
I need a basic idea if how to use the data sets and what are the steps to pre-process ,clean and post process? If explained with an example it would give us the basic understanding to work on any topic.There is no where and no much idea where there is no much information of implementation of raw data sets and steps to follow it.
Hi, many different techniques can be used for pre-processing and cleaning the data. One of the reason why people pre-process a dataset is that real-life data is often incomplete (some values are missing), noisy, may contains duplicate data, may contains some errors, and there also might be some inconsistencies in the data (for example, sometimes only the family name of a person is indicated in some database record while sometimes the full name is used). In other words, a real world database may contains many problems related to data. If you apply data mining techniques on bad data, then there is a chance that the knowledge extracted by a data mining algorithm will also be bad. So that is one of the reason for doing pre-processing and cleaning the data.
The other reason is that in a database, not all the data is relevant for a data mining task. For example, if you have customer records of a bank, it may contains a lot of information about people. But not all this information is relevant for all data mining tasks. Thus often, some people will pre-process the data to remove the irrelevant information before doing data mining or to transform the data in a way that is appropriate for the data mining algorithms that will be applied. For example, to cluster bank customers, one may decide to ignore data such as the phone number, and the address, since it may not relevant for calculating the similarity between customers. Moreover, one may decide to transform the data so that it is suitable for an algorithm. For example, if you decide to apply ID3 for classification on some data, the ID3 algorithm cannot deal with numeric data. Thus, you have to do some pre-processing to transform the data from numeric to nominal values to apply ID3.
Now, how to do it? It depends on (1) what kind of problems you have in your database (inconsistencies, missing data, errors, etc.), (2) the assumptions of the data mining that you want to apply (3) your goal for extracting data.
So actually, there is a lot of different ways to do pre-processing and cleaning. This is why, I will not explain all of them here, but I recommend you to read the first chapter(s) of the book by Han & Kamber.
i want to use id3 algo for my project . the main idea is the real time heart rate which we get hav to b taken as in input to the id3 algo … those has to go to some conditions which tells the certainity and uncertainity for heart health condition(meaning good or bad) and this info ios to b taken from the database where the dataset is stored on which the output depends …. (i need help here)…(can u send me some source code if u hav for similar kind of thing) and aftr the algorithm has finally ready with the result of a persons health condition this output is to b sent to the app (andriod) …(sir again here ?? how to do ?? any source code if u hav plzz forward me)….
Since ID3 does not take numeric values as input, to apply ID3, you would need to discretize the heart rate. For example, you could use some bins such as: heart rate between 0 to 50, heart rate between 50 and 70, etc.
I don’t have any code related to Android or other things. Actually, all my source code is in the SPMF library.
My topic for dissertation is Predicting the users future location in mobile Environment.
As my Input Data i am planning to use chess dataset(http://www.philippe-fournier-viger.com/spmf/datasets/ndatasets/chess_negative.txt).
I want to know whether is it appropriate for my project? if you could suggest anyother dataset then please provide me the link, also can you please tell which algorithm will be good for my project.
Hello, predicting future location is an interesting topic. But Chess is not an appropriate dataset because it is about moves for the chess game rather than sequences of locations. It would be best to find some datasets of GPS locations from mobile phones or to even collect your own from a group of students, for example. A dataset like chess can be ok to evaluate the speed of your algorithm. But it will not demonstrate that you can do good recommendation for mobile location prediction, since it is data about the chess game. So I recommend to find some real datasets. If you cannot find, you can always contact the other of some papers that have such datasets and ask them if they can share with you.
For the algorithms, various algorithms can be used such as sequential pattern mining algorithms, sequence rule mining algorithms, Markov model, and some models like CPT+. You can check my SPMF library. It contains several sequence prediction models, and you can get the source code.
Hello sir, Please could please you tell me from where will i get real data, or share me a link if you know how to use real database.
I did not use real data about mobile locations in my research so I am not sure where you can find this. But there is a lot of data available on different websites. Sometimes researchers will put their datasets on their website. Or sometimes, if you e-mail the authors of a paper, you may ask them to share their data that they have used in their studies with you. You need to search a little bit. It may not be so easy to find data, but it is an important step to show that your algorithm or work is useful.
1] In your previous paper(CPT) you have used prefix length concept to traverse the prediction tree whereas in this paper(CPT+) you have mentioned suffix length, which should be considered then?
2] How do we calculate TB and MBR ? can you please help me in understanding the concept behind using the formula for them.
3] On what basis the threshold(1.002) was decided.
Need your expertise on the above.
Hello, I don’t know too much for C++. You would need to search.
hello sir, I designed an algorithm that would help perform analysis based on budget of an individual to come to my country using shortest path algorithm but i dont know where to implement it so that it access the database and display result on a web page.
Hello, you could use a free database system such as MySQL and create a database. Then, your program could connect to the database and do some queries on the database, and then your program could generate some webpages as HTML file by writing some text file (a html page). If your program is in C++ or Java or similar languages, then you need to understand how to use these languages to connect to the database and do the SQL queries and how to write a text file. Otherwise, maybe that it would be more simple to write your program directly in PHP if your goal is to design a dynamic website rather than a program. But PHP is slower than C++ and Java. So if your algorithm is very slow, maybe it is better to write it in C++ or Java or something else. And if you want to make a dynamic website, you could use something like PHP (as PHP is quite easy and specially designed for designing websites). It is up to you.
I truly appreciate that you reply to people. I’m curious how to apply big data/algorithms/combing the internet for the benefit of public citizens. I don’t know how to code at all but I do know that I’d like to help my city. How can we for instance find all the STEM programs in the city short of only using Google? How can we find better matches and a seamless real time experience from job training programs to jobs to reduce unemployment, say for instance the way that an air traffic controller does at an airport and you can see inbound and outbound flights on the screen? There’s got to be ways to do civic innovation, I think the things I’m describing as easier than flying to the moon certainly.
If I don’t have time to learn how to code? Who can I talk to? Next steps? Where do I start?
Those are some interesting ideas. Those could certainly be done. But yes, it would requires some programmer(s) to design some database for storing the information and some website or application for the user. Besides, for the project about jobs, it would also requires to convince companies to advertise their job on that system or to partner with existing job websites to access their data. Such system could generate some profit. It would be like starting a small business. So in my opinion, this is not a small project. If you have funding and time, you could always hire some programmers and start a business with some of these ideas. Or if you can get government funding, maybe that it could support developing something.
How to initialize the association rules in artificial bee colony?
For CSV file, if you have some data mining tool that handle CSV file, then no problem. Other you need to use software or write some code to convert this format to the format needed by your data mining tool. Or write your own data mining tool 😉 For noisy data, it depends on your data and what kind of noise it contains. If there is no noise, then dont need to do anything. So it depends what you think is noise. | 2019-04-21T22:43:14Z | http://data-mining.philippe-fournier-viger.com/what-are-the-steps-to-implement-a-data-mining-algorithm/ |
For a continueation please go temporary page: COMET TWO.
2014 January 11. Early morning observations of comets Lovejoy & LINEAR, initially in a sky of moderately good transparency and seeing but with considerable cloud cover driven by a strong, cold NE wind.
2014 January 05. Early morning observations of comets Lovejoy and LINEAR, initially in a sky of moderately good transparency and seeing, this time with better conditions in the e sky allowing observations over a period of an hour on both comets.
Artificial Earth satellites (AES) were a significant problem with 1 in 3 frames being “infested”.
Comet’s data for 05h 09m UT.
The two cropped images (dia. 1° approx.) from exposures a little under one hour apart indicate not only the movement of the comet in that period against the stellar background but also the apparent alteration in star colours tending to “redden” at the lower altitude due to the great thickness of the Earth’s atmosphere through which the light path has to travel as well as variation in atmospheric transparency between the two observations.
C2013 R1 (Lovejoy). Imaged 2014 January 06, 04h 47m UT, Nikkor 600mm f/4. A 55 sec. exposure D300 SLR ISO 1200.
C2013 R1 (Lovejoy). Imaged 2014 January 06, 05h 41m UT, Nikkor 600mm f/4. A 55 sec. exposure D300 SLR ISO 1200.
C2012 X1 (LINEAR). This comet requires a longer focal length instrument to show any detail. With limited time, and rapidly changing weather patterns, to change instruments was deemed impracticable. We therefore had to make do with 600mm f.l.!
Early morning observations of comets Lovejoy and LINEAR, initially in a sky of moderately good transparency and seeing, but again clouding over in the S/E by 05h 30m UT.
In other words, another exercise in cloud dodging in which Lovejoy came off well but LINEAR evaded observation in any meaningful sense. As I say, you have to be extremely dedicated or plain mad to pursue this sort of thing from this location, and at this hour of the day!
Despite all the frustration, a series of fine images (considering the low altitude) for Comet Lovejoy were secured with the Nikkor 600mm f/4 and D300 SLR commencing 04h 32m UT and concluding with the image below at 05h 05m UT.
C2013 R1 (Lovejoy). Imaged 2014 January 05, 05h 05m UT, Nikkor 600mm f/4. A 45 sec. exposure D300 SLR ISO 1200. The brightest star in the field (2° x 1°.5) is TYC 1546-208-1, mag. 5.65 spectral class F6V.
One of the best images from a longer exposure was marred by the appearance of an artificial Earth satellite (AES), a risk one always has to take with these longer exposures nowadays since the sky is now cluttered with the damn things: see below.
C2013 R1 (Lovejoy). Imaged 2014 January 05, 05h 05m UT, Nikkor 600mm f/4. A 65 sec. exposure D300 SLR ISO 1200.
Cropped image with AES crossing the field in the lower left-hand corner.
Comet’s data for 05h 05m UT.
2014 Janaury 01. Early morning observations of comets Lovejoy and LINEAR in a sky of moderately good transparency and seeing, clouding over after 05h 30m UT. Wind S: force 4 – 5. The two images below display the comet’s movement against the stellar background over a period of 43 minutes.
C2013 R1 (Lovejoy). Imaged 04h 39m UT, Nikkor 600mm f/4. A 50 sec. exposure D300 SLR ISO 1200.
The brightest star in the field (2° x 1°.5) is TYC 1545-2527-1 mag. 5.52 spectral class B5V.
Comet’s data for 05h 22m UT.
C2012 X1 (LINEAR) imaged 2014 January 01 at 04h 51m UT. Nikkor 600mm f/4. A 45 sec. exposure D800 SLR ISO 1200. Cropped image: the brightest star in the field (65' x 40' approx.) The brightest star in the field (45' x 45' approx.) is TYC 964-337-1 mag. 9.06, spectral class F8.
2013 December 31. 2013: "The Year of The COMET" – the grand finale. Observations of Comet Lovejoy et al for the early morning December 31st 2013.
With a reasonably clear sky at 04h 00m UT, the possibility for a good early morning observing session looked promising. However, sky clarity became steadily plagued by cirrus, leading to poor visibility before work terminated at around 05h 30m UT.
Comet Lovejoy is visibly fading from day to day now, not helped from these latitudes by a steady drop in elevation. To compensate for the diminished apparent angular size, and with a break in the sky of an hour or more, it was decided to use the 600mm f/4 lens with longer exposures (anything above 60 sec. gave sky glow) in addition to the 400mm f/2.8.
A final search using the fast, wide angle 200mm f/2 lens for fragments from Comet ISON, which might be expected at high elevations in the region of Ursa Minor, revealed nothing.
2013 December 31. A "wide" field view using a Nikkor 200mm f/2. A 10 sec. exposure at 05h 32m UT. D800 SLR ISO 1200. The brightest star in the field (6°x4°) is delta Herculis mag. 3.12 spectral class: A3IVv SB. Poor clarity causing “fogging” of images and general background sky illumination at this altitude.
2013 December 31. Nikkor 400mm f/2.8, a 30 sec. exposure at 04h 59m UT. D800 SLR ISO 1200. Field 3°.4 x 2°.4. Falling quality in sky transparency giving rise to background sky illumination at this altitude.
2013 December 31. Nikkor 600mm f/4, a 50 sec. exposure at 05h 19m UT. D800 SLR ISO 1200. Field 2°.0 x 1°.5.
C2012 X1 (LINEAR) imaged 2013 December 31 at 05h 09m UT. Nikkor 600mm f/4. A 50 sec. exposure D800 SLR ISO 1200. Cropped image: the brightest star in the field (65' x 40' approx.) is TYC 967-1559-1 mag. 6.11 spectral class G8III.
Stars to magnitude 16.5 are readily discernable on high resolution images.
The comet would appear to be showing some indication of the extended coma picked up easily in the observations of 2013 November 10.
2013 December 29: Comets Lovejoy & LINEAR.
2013 December 29. Comet Lovejoy imaged at 05h 08m UT. Nikkor 400mm f/2.8. A 30 sec exposure, D800 SLR, ISO 1200. Sky almost completely cloud covered with gentle rain falling!
The brightest star in the field (2°.4 x 1°.8 approx.) is 73 Herculis, mag. 5.70, spectral class: F0IV.
The comet was well seen at 05h 10m UT in 8x30 binoculars before the sky completely clouded over. Impressive in 20x80s.
Note: Comet C2012 X1 (LINEAR) appears to have brightened a little.
C2012 X1 (LINEAR) imaged 2013 December 29 at 05h 02m UT. Nikkor 400mm F/2.8, a 35 sec. exposure D800 SLR ISO 1200. The brightest star in the field (1°.5 x 0°.75 approx. ) is TYC 967-1376-1 mag. 8.11, class K0.
2013 December 26: Comet C/2013 R1 Lovejoy.
The comet continues to image well despite having lost declination making it no longer circumpolar from the latitude of Orkney. The image this evening was taken with some residual twilight and worsening atmospheric clarity. Although visible in the morning sky, the Moon’s presence will deter observations of the comet for a day or so yet.
Comet C/2013 R1 Lovejoy 2013 December 26, imaged 17h29m UT. A 20 sec. exposure, Nikkor 400mm f/2.8. D800 SLR ISO 1200. The brightest star in the field (2°x1° approx.) is delta Herculis mag. 3.12, spectral class: A3IVv SB. Despite residual twilight, stars to mag. 15 are clearly visible.
2013 December 14. Comet Roundup.
The night and early morning of December 13/14 proved to be a mixture of clear intervals between batches of dense cumulus. The Moon was the chief obstacle to securing images of Comet Lovejoy in the early stages. We were also hoping to make an attempt on searching for remnants of Comet ISON as well as the fading Comet Linear, this only being possible after moonset (05h 30m UT) and before twilight set in on the morning of the 14th.
It was decided to use the fast 400mm f/2.8 Nikkor lens coupled to the D300 SLR. Ideally we would have switched later to the 600mm f/4 had conditions permitted but decided, instead, upon extending the focal length of the 400mm to 800mm with a x2 converter for the much “smaller” Comet LINEAR.
We commenced imaging at 04h 40m with shorter exposures due to moonlight. After moonset we were able to extend exposures to 60 secs. (for LINEAR); 25 secs. proved to be the optimum for Lovejoy.
Despite the use of exposures up to 40 secs in the region where remnants of comet ISON might be expected, nothing was found.
LINEAR, on the other hand gave a short tail and a suggestion of an extended coma shell, despite the low altitude of the comet.
The three frames below show clearly the apparent movement of Comet Lovejoy against the star background as it makes towards the star TYC 2581-1822-1 mag. 8.79. The angular movement in this period is 7' 08", or a little under 1/4 of the Moon's apparent diameter.
The Brightest star in all fields (3.4° x 2.4° approx.) is BU 818 mag. 6.87 Spectral class F0III.
Nikkor 400mm f/2.8, D300 SLR ISO 1200. Exposure 25 sec.
There is some evidence of wind shake in the first image which was taken when the Moon was still in evidence and lighting the sky background.
This morning will be the last opportunity to image Lovejoy in a dark sky for some 17days by which time its declination and altitude will have decreased, along with a general fading as aresult of the comet's increasing distance from Earth and the Sun.
2013 December 09: C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy).
The Brightest star in the field (3.4° x 2.4° approx.) is the variable star TZ Coronae Borealis, Maximum mag. 5.69 (Magnitude range: 0.05) Spectral class: F8V.
Comet: Positional information at observation.
Weather poor with thin cloud and sky background light from Moon.
Heavily processed image from the above. Magnitude limit approcimately 16.5.
2013 December 04: C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy).
The bright star in the field is mu1 Bootis, mag. 4.31 Spectral class F0V. Some “fogging” due to thin cloud.
Poor weather with sky overcastting quickly.
2013 December 03: C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy).
Note: this is a good quality image in view of the comet‘s low altitude. An artificial Earth satellite is an unwelcome addition! Just visible to the uanaided eye, fine in 8x40 binoculars.
2013 December 02. Re: Comet ISON.
Readers will know from experience that we generally comment on the actual appearance of an object only after we have made observations of our own. We have no reason to doubt the comet’s demise viewed as a “spectacular”. However, we would hope to secure some images within the coming week/s, weather permitting,. And on that score let it be said that the recent month has been the most disappointing in our observing career: not a twinkle for over three weeks!
2013 November 23: Three Comets Update.
Only Comet Lovejoy is currently observable from the latitude of Orkney with anything approaching ease.
Comet ISON is now out of reach as it closes in on the Sun. We have yet to receive an update on its recent performance. Whether it will survive this close encounter with the Sun remains to be seen.
Comet LINEAR is fading fast but would be observable in small telescopes in a dark, clear sky.
Comet Lovejoy is at present a spectacular photographic object, as may be seen from the image below.
Early morning observations of Comets Lovejoy & LINEAR in twilight and Moon at phase 73.3% in constellation Cancer and just 60° apparent separation from the comet.
Comet LINEAR, close to the brilliant star Arcturus, was imaged but only recorded as a very faint object against a brightly lit sky background from both twilight and the Moon.
Comet LOVEJOY. 2013 November 23, 06h 47m UT. A 6 sec. exposure 150mm f/5 achromatic refractor, D300 ISO 1200. The star closest to the comet is TYC 3020-1723-1, mag. 10.70. (Field 1.4° x 1° approx.) Left click to enlarge.
As will be seen, the comet is circumpolar from the latitude of Orkney and will continue to be so until 16 December. It is also at maximum brilliance at around mag. 5.2, an easy object in small binoculars and just visible to the unaided eye on a clear, dark night.
2013 November 10: Three Comets in the Morning Sky.
The trials and tribulations of the observational astronomer.
A Provisional Account (full data to follow shortly).
Orcadians will not need reminding that the weather recently – in fact for some time – has not been up to much!.
Astronomically, in order to get any observational work done at all, one has either to be totally committed and optimistic or just plain crazy or both! I think I must come into the latter category since now well into my seventies my brain drives my body to painful exertions in the hope of getting a glimpse or two of the celestial sky at night.
Sample the morning of November 10. On the agenda are three comets, two of which (LINEAR & ISON) can only be tracked from these latitudes from around 04h 30m UT. The third, (LOVEJOY), has a good altitude by this time – see below.
Awakening instinctively at 03h 45m before the alarm clock sounds off, one hastens out of bed to the east facing window. Not much to get excited about. Leo paying host to planet Mars spattered with cloud. The north window gives a more encouraging picture and so to the bathroom (cold since the heater has not had time to make any impression), dressed in three minutes. A further layer of clothing to combat the outside cold: boots, and thence to the observing stand in order to set up the equipment.
The sky looks very fine in parts but the cloud forms and disperses before you can say damn, but never the less one presses ahead.
The only portion of sky offering a hope of seeing anything is in the region of constellation Bootes so thence we track in order to attempt a go at Comet LINEAR. The altitude is low and wisps of cloud make the first exposure a compromise; never the less, the comet is “there”. Now cloud forms here and we track back to Comet Lovejoy where the sky is clean, thereby offering a few minutes in which to take a series of images all of which come out well.
Comet ISON is now at –2° declination and not well placed at a low altitude where cloud sits persistently. Shot after shot with the camera reveals a blank screen until, just for a few seconds, we have confirmation that the comet is indeed “there”. Meantime, the sky has improved in the direction NNE, so back to LINEAR. Just time for a “quick one”, and it’s back to ISON where during the course some twenty minutes one waits patiently in order to secure just one image of the comet sandwiched between two banks of cloud.
On a point of technique: ideally one world use set exposures possible between 10 and 30 seconds but owing to the erratic behaviour from cloud it is best to have control of the exposure so as to curtail things on the instant. This requires a “bulb” shutter setting and for one to monitor the sky situation carefully throughout the exposure.
We have been at it now for a little under one-and-half hours and the sky is beginning to light up with the coming of dawn. The sky is now almost totally cloud covered and so we abandon any further attempts to secure good images of LINEAR and ISON.
Stowing the equipment back indoors takes under five minutes. All one has to do now is to take a quick look at the results and then to warm the body up before returning to bed for a few hours sleep – if you are lucky!
2013 November 07: C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy).
2013 November 07: late night observations of C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy). This is the first observations we have been able to make of this comet which has brightened to around mag. 6.5 (a little below unaided-eye visibility) considerably above predicted levels.
The comet is brightening as it hastens east, gaining in declination and brightness up to 25 November (see chart below). The rate of apparent movement of the comet may be gauged by reference to the nearby star in the two images below.
In view of the speed at which the comet is moving against the sidereal rate, we used the fast 400mm f/2.8 lens with exposures between 15 sec. and 30 sec.
A wide field view from a 4 sec. exposure on the Nikkor 105 f/1.8 shows the comet in relation to the “Beehive Cluster” in Cancer. The brightest star in the field (dia, 8° approx.) is delta Cancri mag. 3.93. The comet is shown between the two, vertical white lines.D100 SLR: static camera.
2013 November 07, 22h 24m UT. A 25 sec. exposure: Nikkor 400mm f/2.8 D300 SLR ISO 1600. The brightest star the field (dia, 1.4° approx.) is TYC 1396-794-1 mag. 7.72.
2013 November 07, 23h 17m UT. A 20 sec. exposure: Nikkor 400mm f/2.8 D300 SLR ISO 1600.
The images are reasonable considering the ,low altitude of the comet at the time of observation.
Track of C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) against stellar background 2013 November 09 to December 09. Left click to enlarge.
Poor conditions with light cloud and rain on and off leading to complete overcastting within 30 minutes of commencement of observations.
spectral class F5. Stars to magnitude 15.5. (Left click to enlarge.
NOTE: Searches for comets C2013 R1 (Lovejoy) and C2012 X1 (LINEAR) gave negative results - CLOUD!
Another very brief period of early morning clear sky lasting a little under 40 minutes. Slack southerly wind, moderate transparency and good seeing. Used the Nikkor 600mm f/4 with a D800 SLR. Exposures above 30 secs. tended to “fog” from sky illumination.
2013 November 02, 05h 08m UT. A 32 sec. exposure Nikkor 600mm f/4 with a D800 SLR ISO 1200. (Cropped image.) Left click to enlarge.
Bightest star in field (dia. 1.0°) is TYC 269-843-1 mag: 8.83. (faintest stars 16 mag.).
Integrated mag. 9.4 (est.); tail: 11 arc-minutes (est.). On high resolution images the tail extends to 31 arc-minutes. The galaxy PGC 34783, mag. 15.1 (size: 44.0"x42.0”), is also clearly discernable.
2013 November 02, 05h 07m UT. A 35 sec. exposure Nikkor 600mm f/4 with a D800 SLR ISO 1200. (Cropped image 50'x50' approx.) Left click to enlarge.
Observations commencing 05h 17m UT. 150mm f/5 . achromatic refractor D800 SLR ISO 1200.
This image, restricted to 30 sec. due to the nearby crescent Moon (phase 12.8%). The comet has increased in apparent brightness to an estimated integrated magnitude of 9.6; tail 14 arc-min.
The brightest star in field (dia. 1.3° ) is TYC 268-468-1, mag: 7.74 spectral class: K2.
2013 October 27 Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON).
mag. 7.60 spectral class K2.
D100 SLR and 24mm f/2.8 Nikkor lens. A 20 sec. exposure (static camera).
Again it was decided to use the fast 150mm f/5 aperture achromat., this time using a D800 SLR configured for near maximum resolution and working at ISO 1600. Five reasonable exposures were made at shutter speeds 25 sec. to 45 sec., after which the sky clouded over entirely.
The cropped, circular image below shows the comet with the spherical galaxy NGC 3121 (mag. 12.9; 1.7'x1.4') close by to the left. The brightest star in the field (dia. 1.6° approx.) is TYC 836-945-1 mag. 8.97, spectral class M0. Stars to mag. 17, and a number of faint galaxies to mag. 16, are to be seen on high resolution, wider field images.
Comet PanSTARRS has left the scene – what next for Comet ISON?
Many readers will know that there has been no shortage of speculation as to how this comet might perform towards the close of 2013. Predictions earlier this year that the comet might become a naked eye object in daylight now appear to be fading – literally.
Ephemeredes from May last year put the comet’s magnitude at 2013 October 5 at around visual magnitude 10 or a little fainter. Our observations from that date (see below) indicate an apparent magnitude closer to 14 which is around 1/40th of the anticipated brightness back then.
ISON is now headed towards the Sun at a distance (at the time of writing) a little under that for planet Mars. As seen in the sky, the two objects appear not far apart. An interesting conjunction with the first magnitude star Regulus occurs on October 15. (See diagram 1 below.) The star and planet will be of around the same apparent brightness but with well contrasting colour, Regulus a white star and Mars appearing orange. Thereafter, the two objects will appear to separate. The position of Mars on 16th November will be close to that occupied by ISON on November the 2nd. The two traces have not been shown on the same diagram (2) to avoid congestion.
As mentioned earlier, circumstances for observing the comet from high latitudes are not favourable even supposing the weather should bless us with early morning, clear skies. A chart showing the course of the comet in the sky up to commencement of the observing “blackout period” [Nov. 16 (morning) to Dec. 10 (morning)] is shown in diagram 2.
Dia. 2. The Track of Comet ISON from October 12th to November 16th 2013. The sky is shown looking east shortly before sunrise in order to accommodate the tracking data. The comet itself rises on October 12th at 00h 63m UT. and at 04h 25m UT on November 16th. (The later rise time is due to the fall in declination as the comet appears to head south.) Left click to enlarge.
Hopeful observers should visit these pages from time to time. We would expect to report on our own observations, indicating when the comet might become visible in binoculars or small telescopes. Maximum brilliance is predicted for November 28th to 30th, but much will depend on how the comet stands up from its close approach to the Sun at that time.
A chart update will be given in November to cover the period from Dec. 10.
Our problem here in the northern hemisphere is that leading up to maximum brilliance the comet is heading south with its declination on September 1st at +22˚ 08' falling to -22˚ 43' by November 28th , around about the time of maximum brilliance. The comet will be moving rapidly at this time and by December 09 will be back in the northern hemisphere but fading all the time. However, it should still be a naked eye object for the first two weeks in December. We shall publish more precise details over the coming weeks.
We are frequently asked to recommend suitable equipment for general astronomical observation and for comets in particular. This is a vast subject in itself for there is no simple answer much depending upon what it is you wish to observe. We shall therefore limit ourselves to comets for the present.
For those seeking to take up the study of comets a little more seriously, then we would recommend the SkyWatcher 150mm f/5 short focus achromatic refractor. The tube assembly can be purchased for around £400 and may be accommodated on an EQ3* mount for about the same price, including a motor drive. The colour correction is not good and we would not recommend this scope as an all-rounder, but for fast photography where fine colour correction is not essential then you will find this telescope gives a brilliant field with good image quality right up to the edges of the field.
*This represents the upper limit for a payload on this mounting. The more expensive EQ5 would be better - it is slightly cheaper than the more sophisticated EQ6, the portable mounting we mostly use here on Rousay.
A slightly better opportunity offered itself this morning with slackening winds (SW force 5 to 6) and longer cloud breaks. However, with the comet relatively low in the eastern sky transparency will always be compromised. Frustrating, to a degree, with an obstinate bank of light cloud “hovering” in front of Leo, but eventually giving way to a period of clarity for half-an hour during which a number of images were obtained using the 150mm achromat.
The comet at the centre of the field (dia. 50') close to the two stars TYC 1410-772-1 mag. 10.06 (top) TYC 1410-221-1 mag. 10.64, may be seen to have a short tail. The brightest star in the field is TYC 1410-11-1 mag. 8.89 spectral class G5.
The faint galaxy GSC 1410-0308 mag. 14.62 may be seen in position 8 ‘o-clock approx. near the edge of the field and seeming to mimic the comet, but without a tail. A number of other fainter galaxies are visible on wider field images where stars to magnitude 17 may be detected.
This is a relatively rich area of sky for galaxies since we are looking well away from the galactic plane into what they call “deep sky” in modern speak!
The first observation of Comet ISON was made from Rousay under extremely exacting conditions at 04h 29m UT. A southerly wind touching gale force at times (force 7 to 8) with considerable cloud giving few breaks for exposures of more than 15 second. Added to this, a growing morning twilight and a nearby crescent Moon (phase 8.8%).
It was decided to use the 150mm aperture f/5 achromatic refractor, despite the force of the wind. (Quick location of comet and focusing were essential and this instrument offers a reasonable compromise over the more refined, large Nikkor telephoto lenses.) As it turned out, the weather deteriorated making it possible for only two very short exposures, the first of which was used in the image below.
The comet appears at the centre of the field (dia. 50') slightly below and to the right of the star GSC 1410-0052 mag. 14.30. Indication of a short tail (4')* at 1’clock may be seen on the original high resolution image. Comet estimated magnitude 14.8. Brightest star in the field is TYC 1410-20-1 mag. 7.95 (spectral class: K0). Some distortion of images due to wind “shake”.
*Note: It would be impossible under the conditions at the time to have secured a detailed image with a larger instrument, requiring longer exposures, demonstrating the usefulness of these high speed lenses.
Forthcoming appearance of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) in the Northern Hemisphere.
Now that Comet PanSTARRS has faded (literally) into the background, many are asking what of Comet ISON that has been predicted to become one of the brightest comets in recent decades?
At its brightest the comet may rival Venus in apparent magnitude, but this will last for a day or so at most and during this period the comet will be a difficult object from the northern hemisphere.
However, there are a number of interesting positional features respecting ISON that commence in early September and which could form an interesting object for study in the early morning skies. This has to do with the appearance of both ISON and Mars over a period of some two months when the two objects will appear to keep close company as they pass from constellation Cancer into Leo. On October 15, ISON, Mars and Regulus (alpha Leonis) will appear together in a field of a little under 2˚. The comet may well have reached magnitude 9 by this date.
Full details and maps will be given in October 2013.
2013 April 02: A temporary PanSTARRS page has been opened.
Important: The comet passes within less than 2 arc-degrees of the Great Andromeda Galaxy M31 April 2/3. Do not confuse one with the other!
There is a location diagram on the SKY VIEW page showing the path of the comet up to April 19 2013.
Comet PanSTARRS preparing to “bypass” the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) top left.
A number of high quality images were obtained with lenses ranging from 135mm f/2.8 to 600mm f/4. A selection will be featured on site shortly.
Comet C/2011 L4 ( PanSTARRS ) imaged 2013 March 30, 20h 50m UT. 150mm f/5 achromatic refractor: exp. 45 sec. D300 ISO 800.
The star to the left of the comet is TYC 2270-570-1 mag. 6.74. Stars to magnitude 13 are visible. (Field: 75' x 55' approx.) Left click to enlarge.
The appearance of the comet on March 29 was impressive in binoculars (7x50s) but far less so to the unaided eye, naturally.
Update March 27. We have yet to observe the comet from Rousay. Observers elsewhere in the UK have been facing similar problems with weather and so forth.
I have to reiterate my view that this comet was unlikely to be a spectacular event from the northern hemisphere. Unfortunately, the national and international media go hold of it and in their “ignorance” (word used politely but advisedly) raised expectations unnecessarily .
Hopefully, with the Moon soon leaving the scene and with the comet’s increased declination, we should be able to achieve some images within the next week. BUT, we are now approaching the period of long twilight hours in the north and this, coupled with the appalling weather, would substantiate the view that one has to be something of a fanatic to do this job!
"Comet Panstarrs had a bright nucleus, which I'd estimate to have been mag +0. It would definitely be a really easy object if it were a bit higher in the sky. The tail was reasonably prominent - I'd estimate it to be about a degree in length. A really nice comet!"
This comet is not well placed for northern observers.
From about 11 March the comet will start to fade, halving in apparent brightness approximately every five days. It will likely drop below naked eye visibility within the first week of April.
The first clear night (dusk to dawn) for over six weeks and the first “usable” night in 2013. As a result we have missed the best of this comet, which is heading south at a prodigious rate.
Comet C2012 K5 (LINEAR) approaching TYC 75-546-1 (mag.7.63). The comet now below mag. 11, and retrograding at around 115 arc-seconds per hour, was imaged against a background of light from the Moon limiting exposures to around 50 seconds.
A 50 sec. exposure 150mm aperture f/5 achromatic refractor ISO1200.
In astronomy one can divide subjects between the predictable and the un-predictable. For example, tables are issued many years in advance giving the positions for planets and other objects in the Solar System to a high degree of precision. (Unlike planets, comets with, few exceptions, move in highly elliptical and sometimes highly inclined – to the ecliptic – orbits*.) Also within the category of the predictable events are eclipses of the Sun and Moon, the occultation of stars by the Moon and other bodies in the Solar system.
Amongst non-predictable events we have the appearance of the aurora, sunspots, visitations by comets hitherto unknown, the flare-up of stars – novae and super nova – transient phenomena on other planets and so on.
Moreover, in the case of comets, although we may calculate their position as they approach the inner Solar System with some order of accuracy, their physical appearance is impossible to predict. Even our assumptions as to their orbits (or pathways) can sometimes come adrift, as was dramatically demonstrated in 2006 when Comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann broke up into several fragments. Two of the larger portions were indeed recorded by us on Rousay (see fig. 6).
Fig. 1 Comet Hale-bopp 1997 March 28.842: Takumar135mm focal length f/3.5. MJH West Bergholt (film). Exposure: 10 minutes.
Fig. 2 Comet Hale-bopp 1997 April 04.864: 150mm aperture f/4.5 Cooke triplet MJH West Bergholt (film B&W). Exposure: 20 minutes.
It would be difficult for me to position in order of priority and achievement my many and varied interests in the field of astronomy. Fortunately, I learned the hard way. That is to say, with little financial backing (few of us knew much in the way of luxury in the immediate post-WW2 period) I quickly learned economy of effort.
Professionally my work in theoretical physics, celestial mechanics and binary stars in particular, was sufficiently academic for me to turn down an invitation from my old friend Patrick Moore (long before he had become an celebrity, of course) to appear on one of the early Sky at Night programmes. At various stages of my career has Patrick tempted me with exposure to the wider media all of which, for some strange reason, I have not followed up!
Going back some fifty years I would have to give a very different picture for the comet observer compared to today. To record on film some of the fainter comets would require patient manual guiding at the eye-end of the telescope, sometimes spanning two or three hours. Our equipment comprised two Aldis 4 inch aperture f/4.5 cameras attached to the 5.2 inch Cooke refractor. The total weight of this outfit would have been in the region of 150 kilos, excluding the iron column upon which the massive equatorial head was bolted. Such things were only possible with the protection of an observatory (in this case 11ft diameter), revolvable dome.
Contrast the above to our current range of equipment, most of which is portable, albeit at some expenditure of effort. For example, the fast 400mm f/2.8 Nikkor lens coupled to a D300 SLR is useful for a wide range of comets offering 2.3˚ x 3.4˚ field. This may be attached to an EQ6 equatorial mount offering adequate stability and may be set up within two to three minutes. The even faster 200mm f/2 lens is ideal for comets with tails up to 6˚ long.
We have been fortunate in acquiring these fine S/H lenses at a fraction of their original cost since most photographic professionals these days upgrade to the latest automatic versions. Most of our recent comet work has been done with these lenses (fig. 4, also see Comet Garradd page).
Digital techniques have revolutionised astro-photography in all areas not least where comets are concerned when images that would have taken hours to secure on film may now be secured in a few minutes. With the advantage of repeated imaging, where time and conditions permit, the so-called stacking of images using specialist software can reveal detail that would have been unimaginable fifty years back.
Fig. 4 Comet Hartley 2010 October 15 at 22h 03m UT. a 50 sec. exposure 400mm f/2.8. D300 SLR, ISO1200.
However, there are drawbacks to the modern era mainly in the form of pollution from artificial light sources and aircraft condensation trails, Today it is impossible to image most regions of the night sky without encountering trails from artificial Earth satellites. There are literally thousands of bits and pieces up there constituting an inner cosmic dustbin that in the opinion of some is unjustified and irresponsible. For example, commercial space enterprises including a plethora of communications satellites for civilian and military use. The so-called sat-nav systems are superfluous to a good navigator, and I rather resent having our sky images disfigured by streaks of light in order to enable folk to chat by mobile phone from one end of a bus to the other!
Fig. 6 73PSchwassmann-Wachmann 3. 2006 April 27. Nikkor 105mm f/1.8 D100 SLR. A composite image pair showing the two major fragmented portions of the comet: Note: the trail of an artificial Earth satellite passing through the coma of the “fragment” (right). Left click to enlarge.
Number of personally observed comets.
My personal tally of observed comets is in excess of fifty, or a little under one for every year since I commenced serious observational work on these objects in 1957. Most of these have been faint objects well below naked eye visibility, but a few have ranked amongst the finest ever to grace our skies of the many-recorded comets spanning hundreds of years. In fact, that very next year, in 1957, we were blessed with the very fine C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland).
My log for 1957 April 24 reads verbatim: Observed first with the naked eye the comet Arend-Roland from London at 20h 15m GMT. (37 Lloyd Baker Street, WC1, from where the comet lay almost over St. Pancras Railway Station.) A tail of about 3˚ long was easily seen. With 2 inch binoculars (7x50 Bar & Stroud) the tail was evidently longer but diffuse beyond 4˚ due to heavy artificial illumination of the sky.
Three days later, observing from Brentwood, Essex, in a darker sky, I estimated the magnitude of the coma at 2.0 and the tail 6˚ in length. Movement against the stellar background was evident to the unaided eye over a period of an hour or so.
A notable feature of Arend-Roland was its continually changing appearance. For many days it developed a down-pointing spike, which resulted from debris in its wake.
I am sometimes asked to name the most impressive comet I have ever observed. One has to qualify their choice carefully. There have been some brilliant comets that have put on a grand display over a short period of a few days; recently comets C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) and McNaught 2007 (C/2006 P1) for example. Others have hung around for several weeks dominating that portion of the sky such as Hale-Bopp C/1995 O1; but the one I would give full-marks to would be Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake).
From the JBAA 1998.108..157: “Unfortunately it was almost totally overcast in the UK at the time of closest approach. One of the few observers to see the comet from Britain was Vetterlein in Orkney. He had clear skies on the early morning of March 25 (1996) and reported a 35˚ tail visible to the naked eye.” Unfortunately, my own image was on film and does not do justice to the comet.
The comet’s coma (or “head”) passed almost through the zenith with the tail stretching away towards the southern horizon. Watching this spectacle alone in the early hours of a clear, late-March morning before twilight, gave me an understanding for how comets earned the reputation as portenders of catastrophe.
As readers will have gathered, comets are very individual “creatures” in appearance, few if any replicate each other nor do those that return (and most do at some time or another) necessarily repeat their previous performances.
One possible exception is Comet 17P/Holmes discovered in 1892 and extensively observed from Rousay 2007/8. (fig. 7a and 7b). Looking like a snowball with no perceptible tail, the comet’s appearance in this latest apparition resembled closely descriptions of its showing in the year of its discovery.
Fig. 7b Comet Holmes showing apparent size compared to the Moon (superimposed top left) 2007 November 26 at 17h 27m UT.
Looking to the future we have the prospect of a brilliant “sun-grazer” comet when in November 2013 Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) approaches perihelion; some are even predicting that for a few hours the comet may be visible with the unaided eye in broad daylight. Unfortunately for we northern observers those in the southern hemisphere should have the best opportunity of seeing this one!
Fig. 8 Michael J Hendrie (right - closest to telescope) and John C Vetterlein at Michael’s Observatory, West Bergholt, Essex: 1993 August 25.
All imkages JCV excepting figs. 1 & 2 (MJH) & 8 (Pat Hendrie).
* See Basics page: “Orbits etc.” coming soon. | 2019-04-24T12:29:38Z | http://www.spanglefish.com/northernskies/index.asp?pageid=386198 |
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Cox, James Darron was born in 1967 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3331 E 140Th PL, THORNTON, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 6825704.
Cox, James David was born in 1991 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 108 Summit View RD, SEVERANCE, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 600423180.
Cox, James Dewayne was born in 1959 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 269 Lamar AVE APT 6, PUEBLO, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 200372091.
Cox, James Dwain was born in 1948 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3032 Gerken CT, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2367305.
Cox, James Earl was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 509 Floral AVE, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. His voter ID number is 600439653.
Cox, James Edward was born in 1951 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2318 Eagleview CIR, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 600489417.
Cox, James Eugene was born in 1973 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7330 W Laurel PL, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4272145.
Cox, James Eugene was born in 1950 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 746 Exmoor RD, CRAIG, Moffat County, CO. His voter ID number is 600815681.
Cox, James Faris was born in 1952 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 732 Hog Back DR, GOLDEN, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4051861.
Cox, James Franklin was born in 1952 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1819 Birch AVE # 20, GREELEY, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 2858737.
Cox, James Franklin was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 231 E Colfax AVE, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 3689702.
Cox, James Jerry was born in 1946 and registered to vote, giving the address as 541 29 1/2 RD UNIT 166, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. Cox voter ID number is 601571073.
Cox, James L was born in 1959 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2075 Poteae CIR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 262650.
Cox, James L Jr was born in 1946 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1208 S Race ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 2780522.
Cox, James L was born in 1939 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6053 S Sedalia CT, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 791756.
Cox, James Lavern Iii was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3220 Firewater LN, WELLINGTON, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 1588050.
Cox, James Lavern Ii was born in 1952 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 857 Panorama PL, WINDSOR, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 1611182.
Cox, James Lawrence was born in 1946 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 24595 Hwy 96, WETMORE, Custer County, CO. His voter ID number is 3731651.
Cox, James Lee Iii was born in 1987 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1355 S Pennsylvania ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601817677.
Cox, James Leon Jr was born in 1963 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6457 Dancing Moon WAY, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601480386.
Cox, James Leopoldo was born in 1993 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 12173 E Ford AVE, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 600739268.
Cox, James Louis was born in 1988 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2121 Delgany ST UNIT 1420, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601935365.
Cox, James M was born in 1957 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 955 N Eudora ST APT 1004, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 2746765.
Cox, James M was born in 1936 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6922 W Walden PL, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4106289.
Cox, James M Jr was born in 1930 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 8143 S Harrison CIR, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 824594.
Cox, James Matthew was born in 1954 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 535 S Venango DR, PUEBLO WEST, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 200257919.
Cox, James Michael was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 707 W Jefferson ST, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 236462.
Cox, James Michael was born in 1989 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7617 Windford, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 601841632.
Cox, James Michael was born in 1959 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7425 S Dexter ST, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 799416.
Cox, James Milton was born in 1967 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5662 Clarence DR, WINDSOR, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 1477733.
Cox, James Nicholas was born in 1957 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 31213 Kings Valley DR, CONIFER, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 600768788.
Cox, James Oscar Ii was born in 1947 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 83 Idlewild DR, DILLON, Summit County, CO. His voter ID number is 7210983.
Cox, James Patrick was born in 1959 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1114 Harrison AVE, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. His voter ID number is 3664788.
Cox, James Patrick was born in 1950 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 16986 E 111Th AVE, COMMERCE CITY, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 5842579.
Cox, James Paul was born in 1970 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9 S Sixteenth ST, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600809277.
Cox, James Phillip was born in 1984 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1164 S Acoma ST APT 229, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601565359.
Cox, James R was born in 1940 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 270 Rangely DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 100188.
Cox, James Richard was born in 1968 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3265 Cortina DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 113251.
Cox, James Scott was born in 1960 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1208 Cathedral Rock DR, SEDALIA, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 73764.
Cox, James T was born in 1964 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 12383 W Connecticut DR, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4266195.
Cox, James Wade was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2504 Greystone DR, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2360286.
Cox, James Wesley was born in 1969 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3303 N Hancock AVE LOT 60, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601758517.
Cox, James William was born in 1949 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 738 35 8/10 RD, PALISADE, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2375666.
Cox, James William Jr was born in 1957 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 588 Coronet DR, BLUE RIVER, Summit County, CO. His voter ID number is 4170690.
Cox, James William was born in 1997 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6814 S Detroit CIR, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 601114343.
Cox, James Winford Ii was born in 1982 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2902 Chase ST, WHEAT RIDGE, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 600040711.
Cox, James Zachary was born in 1988 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1964 Dove Creek CIR, LOVELAND, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 600376336.
Cox, Jamie Christine was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2829 Shady DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 123405.
Cox, Jamie F was born in 1976 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 135 Pointer PL, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 467080.
Cox, Jamie L was born in 1966 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5371 Fossil Butte DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 154689.
Cox, Jamie Nicole was born in 1988 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6195 Kettle CT, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 78618.
Cox, Jamila Joy was born in 1982 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2902 Chase ST, WHEAT RIDGE, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200050820.
Cox, Jami Michelle was born in 1978 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1173 S Purcell BLVD, PUEBLO WEST, Pueblo County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200116658.
Cox, Janae Angela was born in 1992 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 7924 S Depew ST # C, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601334900.
Cox, Jane Ann was born in 1935 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5056 S Nelson ST # C, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4149531.
Cox, Jane Bonham was born in 1971 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1145 Bulkey ST, CASTLE ROCK, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5640541.
Cox, Janella P was born in 1945 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 212 Galena CT, LAKE CITY, Hinsdale County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4745323.
Cox, Janelle Sue was born in 1987 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 611 Alexander RD, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200118025.
Cox, Jane M was born in 1941 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 4113 Da Vinci DR, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. Her voter ID number is 7980769.
Cox, Jane Marie was born in 1969 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1724 Whitehall DR, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. Her voter ID number is 7980770.
Cox, Janet Herold was born in 1951 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 215 S High ST, BRECKENRIDGE, Summit County, CO. Her voter ID number is 7189608.
Cox, Janet L was born in 1954 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 10257 N County Road 17, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 1605362.
Cox, Janet L was born in 1956 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 22500 Enoch RD, CALHAN, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 325872.
Cox, Janet Lucas was born in 1929 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 8101 E Mississippi AVE APT 113, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601240621.
Cox, Janet Nancy was born in 1961 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1524 E 13Th ST, PUEBLO, Pueblo County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3031774.
Cox, Janet R was born in 1952 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 313 S Montecito DR, PUEBLO WEST, Pueblo County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3094881.
Cox, Janet Sue was born in 1959 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2026 Sandhill Crane CIR, LOVELAND, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 1404452.
Cox, Janice Ann was born in 1946 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5390 S Fulton CT, GREENWOOD VLG, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 778656.
Cox, Janice Lee was born in 1950 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2000 W 92Nd AVE LOT 215, FEDERAL HGTS, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4050019.
Cox, Janie Parcus was born in 1944 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2295 N Beeler ST APT 101, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600408079.
Cox, Janis Kay was born in 1942 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5167 S Shalom Park CIR, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600684578.
Cox, Janis Lou was born in 1962 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 450 Rose ST, CRAIG, Moffat County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5579775.
Cox, Janna Marie was born in 1976 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3678 S Bahama ST, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 909222.
Cox, Janna R was born in 1964 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1035 S Cody ST, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3979615.
Cox, Jannelle Kattlynett was born in 1957 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1901 Constitution RD SPACE 146, PUEBLO, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 600378100.
Cox, Jarad Richard was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2495 Amber DR, LOVELAND, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 601039763.
Cox, Jared Andrew was born in 1985 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3612 Montrose ST, EVANS, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 6404649.
Cox, Jared M was born in 1977 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5799 Mesa Mountain WAY, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600396994.
Cox, Jared Philip was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5035 N Utica ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 7089510.
Cox, Jarred Michael was born in 1986 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2995 S Acoma ST # A, ENGLEWOOD, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 200309110.
Cox, Jarren Neil was born in 1992 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 693 Sand Creek DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600841150.
Cox, Jarrod Hutchinson was born in 1987 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1560 N Market ST APT 708, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601602259.
Cox, Jarrod Paul was born in 1989 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1000 N Grant ST APT 701, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601720591.
Cox, Jasmine Alexus was born in 1999 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 9180 Delwood CT, THORNTON, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601679276.
Cox, Jasmin Jencine was born in 1990 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1821 Brightwater DR, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600108079.
Cox, Jason Bret was born in 1979 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 837 N Santa Fe DR, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 1608067.
Cox, Jason Brian was born in 1977 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1863 N Vine ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 200369822.
Cox, Jason Clinton was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3073 S Niagara WAY, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601647690.
Cox, Jason Dean was born in 1971 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3185 Kennedy AVE, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2332484.
Cox, Jason Dee was born in 1972 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 11350 Columbine ST, FIRESTONE, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 6422507.
Cox, Jason F was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 20537 E Robins DR, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 2923540.
Cox, Jason Holt was born in 1972 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1784 Steel ST UNIT 2302, LOUISVILLE, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 601525169.
Cox, Jason L was born in 1972 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2698 W 126Th AVE, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 3909643.
Cox, Jason Michael was born in 1981 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7515 Stetson Highlands DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 268916.
Cox, Jason Michael was born in 1995 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5640 Timpa RD, CASCADE, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600980526.
Cox, Jason Patrick was born in 1981 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 380 County Rd 508, FRASER, Grand County, CO. His voter ID number is 8525909.
Cox, Jason Paul was born in 1981 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2614 Norwich AVE, PUEBLO, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 1446754.
Cox, Jason Paul was born in 1985 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2283 S Jasper WAY # A, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 682889.
Cox, Jason Phillip was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 625 Easy ST, PAGOSA SPRINGS, Archuleta County, CO. His voter ID number is 3963552.
Cox, Jason Richard was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9877 Buffalo ST, FIRESTONE, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 200226604.
Cox, Jason Richard was born in 1978 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 114 W Ramona AVE, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600413160.
Cox, Jason Stuart was born in 1986 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1665 N Logan ST APT 642, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 4086034.
Cox, Jason T was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5455 Verde RD, PUEBLO, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 429014.
Cox, Jason Thomas was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 10337 W 55Th PL # 204, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 7056735.
Cox, Jason W was born in 1981 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1260 Lamesa CIR, RANGELY, Rio Blanco County, CO. His voter ID number is 600467051.
Cox, Jason Wade was born in 1969 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1827 Fawn CT, SILT, Garfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 5536947.
Cox, Jathan Hugh was born in 1988 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 984 23 RD, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 600156158.
Cox, Jazmine Leigh was born in 1991 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3484 W 125Th CIR, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601531156.
Cox, J Christopher was born in 1950 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 12749 W Atlantic AVE, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4005293.
Cox, Jean Ann was born in 1960 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2758 N Prospect ST, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 299292.
Cox, Jeanenne Lennox was born in 1962 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 24595 Hwy 96, WETMORE, Custer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3732145.
Cox, Jeanette K was born in 1957 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3096 Teardrop CIR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 245550.
Cox, Jeanette L was born in 1977 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 7344 S Yukon CT, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 939964.
Cox, Jeanette Lynn was born in 1968 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2986 Westcliff CIR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 427393.
Cox, Jeanette Nash was born in 1951 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1601 Whitehall DR, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601471896.
Cox, Jeanine Ann was born in 1998 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 13004 Lowell CT, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601153956.
Cox, Jean Mary was born in 1956 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3790 Presidio PT # 101, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 883848.
Cox, Jeanne Emilie was born in 1958 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 931 Atwood ST, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. Her voter ID number is 1561778.
Cox, Jeannette Edith was born in 1954 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6697 Sage AVE, FIRESTONE, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6384234.
Cox, Jean Suzanne was born in 1950 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 182 Glen Eagle CIR, NEW CASTLE, Garfield County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5518953.
Cox, Jean Victoria was born in 1935 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 15730 E Alameda PKWY # 204, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 688173.
Cox, Jeff Allen was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1209 Creekwood CT, WINDSOR, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 200093070.
Cox, Jeff Deane was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 49 Canyon View CT, DILLON, Summit County, CO. His voter ID number is 600457710.
Cox, Jefferie Allan was born in 1968 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6020 Hoyt ST, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4249334.
Cox, Jefferson Dylan was born in 1973 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 856 S Van Gordon CT # 2-311, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 6873975.
Cox, Jeffery Dean was born in 1979 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 14672 Melco AVE, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 600299931.
Cox, Jeff G was born in 1957 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7684 W Ontario PL, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4118101.
Cox, Jeffrey A was born in 1972 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 655 Four Oclock RD # 106, BRECKENRIDGE, Summit County, CO. His voter ID number is 7193639.
Cox, Jeffrey Alan was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 10000 Richfield ST, COMMERCE CITY, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 600891084.
Cox, Jeffrey Allan was born in 1967 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9005 Jellison CT, WESTMINSTER, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 200151330.
Cox, Jeffrey Bruce was born in 1991 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1910 S Columbine ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 600606531.
Cox, Jeffrey Charles was born in 1965 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5503 S Salida ST, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 769227.
Cox, Jeffrey Dean was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 646 Gold Leaf CT, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2364414.
Cox, Jeffrey Edward was born in 1973 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 17092 W 64Th CIR, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4061055.
Cox, Jeffrey Edward was born in 1994 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 43 Snowflake DR UNIT D8, BRECKENRIDGE, Summit County, CO. His voter ID number is 600785431.
Cox, Jeffrey Hays was born in 1969 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2572 Saddleback CT, CASTLE ROCK, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 5706323.
Cox, Jeffrey John was born in 1978 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7436 S Kendall BLVD, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4217878.
Cox, Jeffrey Lee was born in 1954 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 35970 County Rd X, HOLLY, Prowers County, CO. His voter ID number is 2212136.
Cox, Jeffrey Lynn was born in 1964 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3109 E Mulberry ST # 11, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 200186565.
Cox, Jeffrey M was born in 1961 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5720 Crestbrook DR, MORRISON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4098386.
Cox, Jeffrey Neal was born in 1953 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2127 Jordan PL, BOULDER, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 7980780.
Cox, Jeffrey Robert was born in 1971 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 11777 Pleasant View Ridge, LONGMONT, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 7980781.
Cox, Jeffrey Thomas was born in 1969 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2646 Cuchara ST, TRINIDAD, Las Animas County, CO. His voter ID number is 3842566.
Cox, Jeffrey Wayne was born in 1970 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 20569 County Rd M.5, KIT CARSON, Cheyenne County, CO. His voter ID number is 2995274.
Cox, Jeffrey Wayne was born in 1963 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5240 Bluestem DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600390290.
Cox, Jenelle Rae was born in 1976 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 19482 E Navarro DR, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2594904.
Cox, Jenifer Crestel was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1295 Escalante DR UNIT 32, DURANGO, La Plata County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600208840.
Cox, Jenna Loi was born in 1992 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 834 Darcy Jo LN, FRUITA, Mesa County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600288797.
Cox, Jennie L was born in 1961 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1360 W 6Th AVE, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3925603.
Cox, Jennifer Alayne was born in 1972 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3090 S Hoyt WAY, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3995885.
Cox, Jennifer Alyne was born in 1954 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 120 N 49Th Avenue CT, GREELEY, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6375046.
Cox, Jennifer Ann was born in 1972 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2246 Signal Rock CT, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2358862.
Cox, Jennifer Ann was born in 1976 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 8923 Prickly Pear CIR, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5799696.
Cox, Jennifer Anne was born in 1982 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 4901 W 93Rd AVE APT 1133, WESTMINSTER, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600443497.
Cox, Jennifer Anne was born in 1967 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 254 W Park AVE, SALIDA, Chaffee County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601043494.
Cox, Jennifer E was born in 1981 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 4392 S Hannibal WAY # 252, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 230457.
Cox, Jennifer Elaine was born in 1982 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 7244 Serena DR, CASTLE PINES, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 1057851.
Cox, Jennifer Elizabeth was born in 1985 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 312 W 22Nd ST, PUEBLO, Pueblo County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200362587.
Cox, Jennifer Elizabeth was born in 1992 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 26960 Hwy 40, KREMMLING, Grand County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600281494.
Cox, Jennifer Jane was born in 1971 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 519 N Corona ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601702143.
Cox, Jennifer Jo was born in 1986 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 729 Rudd AVE, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3690351.
Cox, Jennifer Jolene was born in 1987 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1175 Yank ST, GOLDEN, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600650115.
Cox, Jennifer Kay was born in 1981 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6025 Castlegate DR W # 2818, CASTLE ROCK, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600200588.
Cox, Jennifer L was born in 1963 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2205 Bonfoy AVE, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 292134.
Cox, Jennifer Lee was born in 1973 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 444 17Th ST APT 1006, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200356164.
Cox, Jennifer Lee was born in 1978 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 11142 Zephyr ST, WESTMINSTER, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2737167.
Cox, Jennifer Lee was born in 1986 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 225 Hi Country DR # 1316, WINTER PARK, Grand County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600290999.
Cox, Jennifer Leigh was born in 1967 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 8568 E 25Th DR, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2800640.
Cox, Jennifer Leigh was born in 1986 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 65 Huron CT, BOULDER, Boulder County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601159261.
Cox, Jennifer Lindsay was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2840 Woodland Hills DR APT 209, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601825104.
Cox, Jennifer Lynn was born in 1970 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 11532 Sagewood LN, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5814687.
Cox, Jennifer Lynn was born in 1984 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 12248 Oneida ST, THORNTON, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601301587.
Cox, Jennifer Lynne was born in 1980 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 100 Tiarra WAY, CRAIG, Moffat County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5578168.
Cox, Jennifer Marie was born in 1974 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 720 Pierce ST UNIT D, ERIE, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6388347.
Cox, Jennifer Marie was born in 1981 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 11572 Gilpin ST, NORTHGLENN, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6391718.
Cox, Jennifer Megan was born in 1991 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 136 S Emerson ST APT 306, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601219874.
Cox, Jennifer Michele was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 9595 Pecos ST LOT 738, THORNTON, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 7166250.
Cox, Jennifer N was born in 1987 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 4623 S Yank ST, MORRISON, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 801183.
Cox, Jennifer Nicole was born in 1987 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5506 W 118Th AVE, WESTMINSTER, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601198179.
Cox, Jennifer Nicole Charlier was born in 1971 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1420 Tamarisk DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600034733.
Cox, Jennifer R was born in 1974 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 32500 E 137Th WAY, BRIGHTON, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6934678.
Cox, Jennifer Renee was born in 1984 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 840 E Paseo Dorado DR, PUEBLO WEST, Pueblo County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3662269.
Cox, Jennifer S was born in 1976 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5585 County Rd 3, MARBLE, Gunnison County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5517917.
Cox, Jennifer Volmer was born in 1990 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 15014 E Crestridge DR, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601365100.
Cox, Jennilee was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 4486 Bramble RD, FREDERICK, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 7073723.
Cox, Jenny Lee was born in 1942 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 114 Oakdale DR, PALMER LAKE, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 95654.
Cox, Jerald L was born in 1938 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 97 Canongate LN, HIGHLANDS RANCH, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 5707621.
Cox, Jeremiah Daniel was born in 1984 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9665 Bighorn WAY, LITTLETON, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 4270242.
Cox, Jeremiah Paul was born in 1990 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 48509 County Road 19, NUNN, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 601677168.
Cox, Jeremie Michael was born in 1988 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9032 E Eastman PL, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 2959380.
Cox, Jeremy Alan was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3753 S Sebring CT, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 200178594.
Cox, Jeremy B was born in 1970 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1802 Golden Willow CT, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 1473102.
Cox, Jeremy Curtis was born in 1979 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3655 S Verbena ST APT E103, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 4122643.
Cox, Jeremy Douglas was born in 1979 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 20852 E Princeton PL, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 601731290.
Cox, Jeremy Duane was born in 1985 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2467 S Bannock ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601021110.
Cox, Jeremy Lee was born in 1989 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 837 Park Ave West APT 405, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 600214687.
Cox, Jeremy Lee was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 310 S Mesa ST, MANCOS, Montezuma County, CO. His voter ID number is 600953910.
Cox, Jeremy Martin was born in 1994 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3661 Rebecca LN APT B, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601763895.
Cox, Jeremy Ryan was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 28610 Douglas Park RD, EVERGREEN, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 600583293.
Cox, Jeremy Scott was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 570 Chaparral DR, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 600499791.
Cox, Jerod William was born in 1976 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 522 Rifle WAY, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 6856772.
Cox, Jerrad Lee was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3650 S Federal BLVD # 100, ENGLEWOOD, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 601410038.
Cox, Jerri Kay was born in 1973 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1401 Rimrock DR, SILT, Garfield County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5515510.
Cox, Jerry Allen was born in 1950 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 801 Juniper ST, GOLDEN, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4056123.
Cox, Jerry G was born in 1936 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 906 S Baxter AVE, HOLYOKE, Phillips County, CO. His voter ID number is 2200158.
Cox, Jerry L was born in 1963 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1905 W Keota PL, PUEBLO WEST, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 3075281.
Cox, Jerry L was born in 1955 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1256 S Beeler ST, DENVER, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 674580.
Cox, Jerry Lee was born in 1955 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 522 Rifle WAY, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 1074440.
Cox, Jerry Lee was born in 1956 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3131 E 5Th AVE, DURANGO, La Plata County, CO. His voter ID number is 4926435.
Cox, Jerry Leroy was born in 1932 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2916 Sierra CT, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. His voter ID number is 3648429.
Cox, Jerry R was born in 1981 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 833 Strawberry Patch RD, MEEKER, Rio Blanco County, CO. His voter ID number is 4979587.
Cox, Jesse Duane was born in 1973 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 18659 Serenity CT, DELTA, Delta County, CO. His voter ID number is 3544146.
Cox, Jesse L was born in 1981 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1723 Robb ST # 8, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 871310.
Cox, Jesse Lucas was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 33424 Deep Forest RD, EVERGREEN, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 601562650.
Cox, Jesse Paul was born in 1960 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 512 Canadian PKWY, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 600612136.
Cox, Jesse Philip was born in 1979 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6711 Palace DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601568265.
Cox, Jesse Ryan was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 563 E Colfax AVE, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601654989.
Cox, Jesse Vernon was born in 1925 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 485 W Fourth ST, PALISADE, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2254833.
Cox, Jessica was born in 1982 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 536 Fox Hunt CIR, HIGHLANDS RANCH, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601438741.
Cox, Jessica Ann was born in 1992 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 45050 County Rd 1, PARKER, Elbert County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200293419.
Cox, Jessica Ann was born in 1984 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 454 Academy DR, DURANGO, La Plata County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601689463.
Cox, Jessica Diane was born in 1990 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 10198 N Chatfield DR, LITTLETON, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200328510.
Cox, Jessica Ilana was born in 1989 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1964 Dove Creek CIR, LOVELAND, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600360513.
Cox, Jessica Janine was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 17560 Pond View PL, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 80652.
Cox, Jessica Leanore was born in 1992 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 7190 Constitution Square HTS # 206, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600564289.
Cox, Jessica Lou was born in 1973 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 489 S Pin High DR, PUEBLO WEST, Pueblo County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600299702.
Cox, Jessica Lynn was born in 1949 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 78 Cypress CT, DURANGO, La Plata County, CO. Her voter ID number is 776689.
Cox, Jessica Lynn was born in 1980 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 289 Sloan DR, JOHNSTOWN, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 8146990.
Cox, Jessica Mae was born in 1979 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2962 County Road 25, YUMA, Yuma County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600600116.
Cox, Jessica Rae was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1659 N Quebec ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 1447674.
Cox, Jessica Rae was born in 1991 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 36452 Highway 257, WINDSOR, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200225477.
Cox, Jessica Starr was born in 2000 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 819 S Grey Eagle CIR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601594002.
Cox, Jessie James was born in 1978 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 289 Sloan DR, JOHNSTOWN, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 600110552.
Cox, Jessy James was born in 1995 and registered to vote, giving the address as 2343 S Vaughn WAY # 409, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Cox voter ID number is 601822049.
Cox, Jill was born in 1967 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 8863 6085 RD, MONTROSE, Montrose County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601599291.
Cox, Jill was born in 1982 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 10052 Oak CT, WESTMINSTER, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601687814.
Cox, Jill Catherine was born in 1982 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1288 Peak View DR, CASTLE ROCK, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5884033.
Cox, Jillian Bessolo was born in 1987 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1725 Foliage WAY, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601602042.
Cox, Jill M was born in 1957 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 9032 E Eastman PL, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2511903.
Cox, Jill S was born in 1978 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 597 Rawlins WAY, LAFAYETTE, Boulder County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600191860.
Cox, Jimmy Charles was born in 1951 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1135 24 RD, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2326418.
Cox, Jimmy H was born in 1943 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 705 Ironton ST, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 663815.
Cox, Jimmy Ray was born in 1960 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 13025 Picketwire RD, TRINIDAD, Las Animas County, CO. His voter ID number is 3991893.
Cox, Joan E was born in 1955 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 24100 E 155Th WAY, BRIGHTON, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6939780.
Cox, Joan Gregerson was born in 1940 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 149 Miramar DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 434515.
Cox, Joan Ilene was born in 1947 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 800 1St ST TRLR 16, KERSEY, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6330245.
Cox, Joan Irene was born in 1941 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3500 35Th AVE # 164, GREELEY, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601707486.
Cox, Joan Leslie was born in 1956 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 4460 S Ensenada ST, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 706267.
Cox, Joan L Ritz was born in 1967 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2293 N Arriba CIR, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2291517.
Cox, Joan Marie was born in 1950 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1256 S Beeler ST, DENVER, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 674491.
Cox, Joanna Marie was born in 1976 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1725 S Bryant ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 866659.
Cox, Joanne was born in 1950 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2024 S Oswego WAY # 103, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 667051.
Cox, Joann E was born in 1956 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 15135 E Chenango PL, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 739165.
Cox, Joann Marie was born in 1962 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 10312 El Paso AVE, GRN MTN FLS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 511423.
Cox, Jodi Lee was born in 1973 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1748 Overlook DR, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6425772.
Cox, Jodi Lynne was born in 1979 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2438 Lexington Village LN, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 371734.
Cox, Jodi N was born in 1968 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6944 Saddleback AVE, FIRESTONE, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6384466.
Cox, Jody Lynn was born in 1962 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 10294 Charissglen CIR, HIGHLANDS RANCH, Douglas County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5735413.
Cox, Jody Lynn was born in 1957 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 425 Church ST, EAGLE, Eagle County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6683018.
Cox, Joe David was born in 1953 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 188 Centenial CIR, WESTCLIFFE, Custer County, CO. His voter ID number is 200221753.
Cox, Joe H Jr was born in 1952 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7951 S Bemis CIR, LITTLETON, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 803186.
Cox, Joel Alan was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1601 Quail LN, CASTLE ROCK, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 1069168.
Cox, Joel D was born in 1973 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 135 Pointer PL, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 466160.
Cox, Joel D was born in 1956 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 15135 E Chenango PL, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 739164.
Cox, Joel David was born in 1952 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 232 Hawks Nest WAY, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 1590566.
Cox, Joel Mcdonald was born in 1948 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 27 Meadow CT, AVON, Eagle County, CO. His voter ID number is 600779882.
Cox, Joel Nathaniel was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 489 S Pin High DR, PUEBLO WEST, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 600304661.
Cox, Joel Reagan was born in 1947 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 21038 County Road 10, HUDSON, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 7043333.
Cox, Joe Neal was born in 1953 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3252 11Th AVE APT 1133, EVANS, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 600635739.
Cox, Joette Adair was born in 1949 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 4490 S Jebel WAY, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 741498.
Cox, John was born in 1966 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 521 Cardinal WAY, PARACHUTE, Garfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 601904609.
Cox, John A was born in 1942 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5495 Lariat DR, CASTLE ROCK, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 5800386.
Cox, John B was born in 1963 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9718 Fallen Rock RD, CONIFER, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4275545.
Cox, John Bryan was born in 1969 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 87 Wagon RD, BRECKENRIDGE, Summit County, CO. His voter ID number is 601230881.
Cox, John Clifford was born in 1968 and registered to vote, giving the address as 930 Evans ST, ROCKVALE, Fremont County, CO. Cox voter ID number is 601915492.
Cox, John David was born in 1931 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7276 S Dudley CT, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 700223.
Cox, John Forsythe Jr was born in 1951 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 82000 E Eastman PL, DEER TRAIL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 728454.
Cox, John Frederick was born in 1968 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2551 Integrity CT, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 279885.
Cox, John Fredrick Jr was born in 1960 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 459 Mesa Lake ST, CLIFTON, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 601195346.
Cox, John Glenwood was born in 1942 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6044 Colony CIR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 3731557.
Cox, John H was born in 1964 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3373 S Niagara WAY, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 2517211.
Cox, John H was born in 1948 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 11 Rawhide RD, EDWARDS, Eagle County, CO. His voter ID number is 6706585.
Cox, John Henry was born in 1962 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3750 N Milwaukee ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 2388837.
Cox, John Howard Ii was born in 1977 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 467 Big Dipper RD, WOLCOTT, Eagle County, CO. His voter ID number is 6695555.
Cox, John Howard was born in 1947 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 819 Teton PL, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. His voter ID number is 7980798.
Cox, John I was born in 1946 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 15916 Road 16, CAHONE, Dolores County, CO. His voter ID number is 4777951.
Cox, John Jennings Jr was born in 1948 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3641 E 1/2 RD, PALISADE, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2268447.
Cox, John Jeremiah was born in 1999 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 907 Pikes Peak LN, LOUISVILLE, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 601325823.
Cox, John Joseph was born in 1962 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3750 W 24Th ST # 4-205, GREELEY, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 200266739.
Cox, John Kevin was born in 1959 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2017 Vaquero ST, LONGMONT, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 1586097.
Cox, John Leslie was born in 1968 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3932 Caddoa DR, LOVELAND, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 600720935.
Cox, John Louis was born in 1960 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 127 Bauer AVE, MANCOS, Montezuma County, CO. His voter ID number is 600517355.
Cox, John Marsh was born in 1973 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1412 Onyx CIR, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 7980799.
Cox, John Martin was born in 1950 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 16909 W 8Th PL, GOLDEN, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4053985.
Cox, John Michael was born in 1978 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 8705 Forrest DR, HIGHLANDS RANCH, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 279776.
Cox, John Michael was born in 1971 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 16864 Boreas CT, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 5698252.
Cox, John Michael was born in 1994 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 8682 Bluegrass CIR, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 601359347.
Cox, Johnnie Lee Lewis was born in 1993 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3391 N Leyden ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 600924590.
Cox, John Oneil was born in 1985 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 10915 Birch DR, THORNTON, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 3933067.
Cox, John R was born in 1950 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2317 E Van Buren ST, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 292090.
Cox, John Ryan was born in 1985 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 8552 S Everett ST, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 600719505.
Cox, John Steven Jr was born in 1976 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 947 Martin RD, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 601169990.
Cox, John Thomas was born in 1994 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6814 S Detroit CIR, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 600490771.
Cox, John Thomas was born in 1970 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2058 Baseline DR, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 601534451.
Cox, John W was born in 1943 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 49151 Us Hwy 50, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. His voter ID number is 3654465.
Cox, John Wesley was born in 1947 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1417 E Monument ST, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 397390.
Cox, John Will was born in 1934 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 4430 Viewpoint CT, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 1541210.
Cox, John William was born in 1972 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 125 Clubridge PL, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 415168.
Cox, Jon was born in 1990 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1295 Escalante DR # 32, DURANGO, La Plata County, CO. His voter ID number is 601767004.
Cox, Jonah Mclain was born in 1987 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2126 Yearling DR, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 200018269.
Cox, Jonas Braxton was born in 2000 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1802 Golden Willow CT, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 601807129.
Cox, Jonathan Bingham was born in 1965 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 15325 W Evans AVE, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 600134986.
Cox, Jonathan Carter was born in 1970 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7280 Meadowdale DR, NIWOT, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 601109680.
Cox, Jonathan Curtis was born in 1982 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 335 Franklin AVE, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2367515.
Cox, Jonathan Dantne was born in 1959 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2333 County Road 403, FLORISSANT, Park County, CO. His voter ID number is 6320772.
Cox, Jonathan Edward was born in 1989 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1401 E Girard PL # 3-164, ENGLEWOOD, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 600023003.
Cox, Jonathan Gregory was born in 1988 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 8850 Utah CT, THORNTON, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 600367370.
Cox, Jonathan Lee was born in 1982 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 11803 Quam DR, NORTHGLENN, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 6960966.
Cox, Jonathan Spencer was born in 1996 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3579 E Easter AVE, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 601723500.
Cox, Jonathan W was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 13839 Legend TRL # 104, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 3929436.
Cox, Jon Eric Leroy was born in 1965 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3320 N 5Th ST, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. His voter ID number is 3689394.
Cox, Jordan Christopher was born in 1998 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1112 Canvasback DR, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 601405009.
Cox, Jordan Christopher was born in 1998 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5170 Morning Glory PL, HIGHLANDS RANCH, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 601509256.
Cox, Jordan Katherine was born in 1989 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 916 E La Salle ST, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601106574.
Cox, Jordan Rae was born in 1991 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1748 Overlook DR, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600339708.
Cox, Jordan Tracy was born in 1989 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6500 W 13Th AVE # 304, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 601851581.
Cox, Jordyn Rae was born in 1997 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 10454 E 146Th PL, BRIGHTON, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601784774.
Cox, Jorma Andrew was born in 1970 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1119 Colorado AVE, CARBONDALE, Garfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 2952021.
Cox, Joseph was born in 1995 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2437 S Victor ST # UNKNOWN, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 600860966.
Cox, Joseph Brintane was born in 1988 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 455 Eclipse DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601755157.
Cox, Joseph Bryant was born in 1999 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3708 S Lisbon WAY, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 601082005.
Cox, Joseph Christian was born in 1997 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 914 W Lake ST # 210, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 601933011.
Cox, Joseph Christopher was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 12749 W Atlantic AVE, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4006046.
Cox, Joseph Daniel was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 16814 Buffalo Valley PATH, MONUMENT, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601876800.
Cox, Joseph E was born in 1957 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 11415 W Belleview AVE, LITTLETON, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4155653.
Cox, Joseph Howell was born in 1986 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3051 County Fair LN # 2, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 601685528.
Cox, Josephine Anastasia was born in 1997 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 30353 Chisholm TRL, ELIZABETH, Elbert County, CO. Her voter ID number is 600905852.
Cox, Joseph Lee was born in 1967 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2548 Brenna WAY, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 601346358.
Cox, Joseph Mckinley was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2370 Andrew DR, SUPERIOR, Boulder County, CO. His voter ID number is 601837502.
Cox, Joseph Patrick was born in 1968 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6666 Chantilly PL, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 153468.
Cox, Joseph Phifer was born in 1933 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 23546 Pondview PL, GOLDEN, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 601411487.
Cox, Joseph Reagan was born in 1972 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 14595 County Rd 79, FLEMING, Logan County, CO. His voter ID number is 7105941.
Cox, Joshua Adam was born in 1983 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1359 N Newton ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601250289.
Cox, Joshua Alan was born in 1987 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9032 E Eastman PL, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 200187369.
Cox, Joshua Austin was born in 1998 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6530 Denim DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601008885.
Cox, Joshua Clayton was born in 1976 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1634 Grand AVE, WINDSOR, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 1414396.
Cox, Joshua Courtland was born in 1999 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 13681 Stuart ST, BROOMFIELD, Broomfield County, CO. His voter ID number is 601274771.
Cox, Joshua Danzel was born in 1996 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 7825 Ladore ST, COMMERCE CITY, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 601014584.
Cox, Joshua David was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 175 Glory View DR, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2323422.
Cox, Joshua Devin was born in 1987 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 841 Acero AVE, PUEBLO, Pueblo County, CO. His voter ID number is 3038354.
Cox, Joshua Douglas was born in 1995 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 700 Delbrook DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600890544.
Cox, Joshua George was born in 1992 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3579 E Easter AVE, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 600783479.
Cox, Joshua Ryan was born in 1984 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2306 Wolff PL, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 179172.
Cox, Joshua Thomas was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 8251 Louise DR, DENVER, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 200162668.
Cox, Joyce A was born in 1948 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1616 S County Road 29, LOVELAND, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 1578287.
Cox, Joyce Ann was born in 1938 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6833 Snowbird TER, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3689200.
Cox, Joyce Bender was born in 1935 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3475 American DR APT 108, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 253014.
Cox, Joyce Elaine was born in 1933 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 3623 Carson CT, EVANS, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6337128.
Cox, Joyce Esther was born in 1956 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5214 Colter LN, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 229878.
Cox, Joyce L was born in 1960 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5720 Crestbrook DR, MORRISON, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4098539.
Cox, Joy F was born in 1966 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 32623 Meadow Mountain LN, EVERGREEN, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4288971.
Cox, Judith Ann was born in 1974 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 7761 Niagara ST, COMMERCE CITY, Adams County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601432321.
Cox, Judith Ann was born in 1939 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6844 E Briarwood DR, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 797709.
Cox, Judith Claire was born in 1941 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1718 Polo WAY, LONGMONT, Boulder County, CO. Her voter ID number is 7980919.
Cox, Judith Dunn was born in 1949 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6320 Deframe WAY, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 6309987.
Cox, Judith E was born in 1955 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1490 Golden Hills RD, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 103755.
Cox, Judith L was born in 1943 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 22500 Enoch RD, CALHAN, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 403893.
Cox, Judith Roxanne was born in 1952 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2114 44 RD, DEBEQUE, Mesa County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2324145.
Cox, Judy Ann was born in 1961 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6121 W 112Th PL, WESTMINSTER, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4178638.
Cox, Judy Ann was born in 1954 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5453 S Jericho WAY, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601789127.
Cox, Judy Gordon was born in 1952 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 768 Hunter Creek RD, ASPEN, Pitkin County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601056885.
Cox, Judy Kay was born in 1951 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1821 N 5Th ST APT 111, CANON CITY, Fremont County, CO. Her voter ID number is 3636499.
Cox, Judy L was born in 1951 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 752 W County Road 82E, LIVERMORE, Larimer County, CO. Her voter ID number is 1551019.
Cox, Judy T was born in 1942 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 35 Emmons RD, MT CRESTED BUTTE, Gunnison County, CO. Her voter ID number is 5959657.
Cox, Julia Anne was born in 1950 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 59050 Spring ST, COLLBRAN, Mesa County, CO. Her voter ID number is 2261033.
Cox, Julia Clare was born in 2000 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 32623 Meadow Mountain LN, EVERGREEN, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601822908.
Cox, Julia Katherine was born in 1990 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1510 Blake ST APT 210, DENVER, Denver County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200055639.
Cox, Juliana Alyse was born in 1992 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 10555 W Jewell AVE # 19-304, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 200315839.
Cox, Julian Edward was born in 1993 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2553 S Krameria ST, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 600645427.
Cox, Julianna Christina was born in 1998 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5486 S Lakeview ST, LITTLETON, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601487636.
Cox, Julianne was born in 1960 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2860 Avondale DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 239377.
Cox, Julie was born in 1958 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5662 County Road 22, LONGMONT, Weld County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4261427.
Cox, Julie Ann was born in 1953 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 6940 Cotton DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 158293.
Cox, Julie Ann was born in 1964 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 16870 Lovaca DR, PEYTON, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 333208.
Cox, Julie Ann was born in 1945 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 2417 Bear Lake DR, MONTROSE, Montrose County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601713628. | 2019-04-24T14:56:26Z | http://coloradovoters.info/by_name/pages/c10545.html |
Since 2008, when then company was established, JustHost is one of the leading Shared Hosting providers. The company is relatively new, but they have grow really fast due to top level customer support and quality service. JustHost is focusing on simple, inexpensive shared hosting that is ideal for start up websites and small businesses. Their 24/7 available support is also a very big plus as well the many hosting features like free marketing credits, 1-click software installer and site builder.
For small hosting or web design companies JustHost offers Reseller Hosting packages. Customers can choose from 3 different reseller plans, depends on their disk space and bandwidth needs. All reseller plans comes with free cPanel accounts for all your clients, free WHM client manager and free ClientExec billing system.
Just Host made their appearance in the web hosting industry back in 2008, under the supervision of some hosting experts. Since then, the company continues to provide excellent web hosting services at affordable rates. Today, JustHost is extremely popular and the proud owner of a number of web hosting awards. Numerous customers around the world enjoy the hosting services of the company day by day.
As they have a well-resourced datacenter, along with high network connection and server technology, it is rather easy to guarantee the highest possible uptime. The servers and the entire network are constantly monitored, while the sites are backed up on a daily basis. As a result, the company can provide and guarantee a server uptime of 99.9%.
JustHost offers highly competitive and reasonably priced web hosting plans, which feature unlimited data transfer, disk space and email accounts. Users can also host an unlimited number of sites and databases. The list of other helpful tools includes online shopping cart scripts, website builder and Fantastico (one-click script installation). With the basic web hosting package, users can choose a free domain and free advertising credits (worth $100) on Google, Miva and Yahoo. When a customer is not satisfied with JustHost’s hosting services, the company will refund their money (based on the remaining subscription period) when the account is cancelled.
JustHost provides remarkable customer and technical support, which are available 24/7. The support team can be contacted through email, phone and live chat. Phone or email support is recommended for advanced help, while live chat is basically for simpler hosting support. To find out more information about the basics of web hosting, you should check their comprehensive video tutorials section.
Are they suitable for business websites?
JustHost is perfectly suitable for both personal and small business sites. The company does not experience any significant issues with their servers and the uptime is according to their promise. JustHost’s servers have absolutely no problems with Drupal, WordPress or Joomla websites, not even with smaller Shopping Carts. You will definitely not going to regret if you choose JustHost as your web hosting service provider!
Web Hosting HUB is the ideal choice for those who are relatively new, but serious about their hosting services. There may be other providers that offer a similar package for the same price, but they lack in quality of service and support. Aimed at the DIY (Do-It-Yourself) type customers, Web Hosting HUB offers plenty of tools to get your site up and running in literally a matter of minutes. They offer their customers a free Premium Web Builder, as well as plenty of FREE marketing credits from Yahoo/Bing and Google Adwords to get you rolling. If you wanted to install one of the many popular CMSs out there, like WordPress, Drupal, or Joomla, WebHostingHUB offers a 1-Click installation via Fantastico. It couldn’t be any easier. Whether you are a beginner just starting out on the web, or you are a web master needing the easy to use controls of cPanel, Web Hosting HUB will get you up and running in no time.
WebHostingHub has been launched in the web hosting business in 2001 and are offering reliable services. The company relies on the help of their US based internal technical support, which is available 24/7. Their web hosting service is available at competitive rates. WHH’s hosting plan is packed with valuable features and it is a great option for small and medium business websites and for blogs as well. The popular and widely used cPanel is in charge for their Dell servers. As the company is basically a blog hosting specialist, a blog can be built in a matter of minutes. As customer satisfaction is a priority for WHH, they offer a full 90-day money back guarantee.
WebHostingHub offers a guaranteed server uptime of 99.9% along with 24/7 system monitoring and support. In case you wish to transfer your website and domain to them, a technician will assist you ensuring you a downtime free transfer process. The company uses Dell servers, built and tested with advanced software and hardware. Their servers have reliable, good and fast performances.
If you want to save money on web hosting, but still want quality services for your website or blog, WebHostingHub is the right solution for saving money and still run a hassle-free business website. They provide a simple, yet affordable web hosting plan.
The company offers their very own domestic support team, available 24/7. Customers can reach their technical or customer support department through email, live chat or phone. Beginners will find their Hosting Guide and Support Center quite helpful, as they include many articles and video tutorials.
cPanel is a leading and popular control panel for web hosting, and it is the one WebHostingHub offers to their customers. If you are a beginner in web hosting, you will find no difficulties in managing your account, as cPanel is extremely easy and simple to work with. The list of included features includes script management, domain management, email administration, billing info, website builder and much more. For more information on what cPanel hast to offer, check the demo on the company’s main website.
As the company offers a full 90-day money back guarantee, 24/7 US based support and a server uptime of 99.9%, they are a leading web hosting company around the world.
The only disadvantage to WebHostingHub is that they provide only Linux web hosting. Dedicated servers, Virtual private servers or Windows web hosting are not currently available at them. If the activity of your website requires more resources than shared hosting can handle, it is advisable to go with another hosting company. In such case, you should consider the hosting services of InMotion Hosting, which is a reliable and fast business hosting service provider.
Their shared web hosting do not offer enough resourced for larger business websites. However, it is still a great and viable option for personal websites, blogs and smaller business websites. You will not regret opting for the webhosting services of WebHostingHub!
BlueHost has been offering web hosting services since 1996 and they are currently among the main hosting providers on the market, with more than 1 million hosted websites and operating thousands of personal and business websites around the world. They offer one single shared web hosting plan that perfectly suits the needs of most personal and small or medium sized business websites.
Due to the used hosting technology, BlueHost can offer a guaranteed server uptime of 99.9%, excellent website speed and internet connection. The company’s datacenters use advanced server technology and are adequately protected against most threats. Customer privacy and data backup are also important aspect for BlueHost.
The web hosting plan available at BlueHost might cost more compared to other hosting plans on the market, but your money are well spent if you are looking for professionalism. The hosting plan comes with numerous features, including unlimited data transfer and web space, unlimited email accounts, domains and MySQL databases, website builder, useful scripts and many more.
Because of its included features and its simplicity in use, cPanel is the common choice of most web hosting companies. BlueHost is one of those companies that use cPanel as their control panel option. cPanel allows straightforward email and domain management along with simple file and database management. The control panel also includes site traffic analysis tool, website builder and one-click installation software.
Have you encountered some problems with your website in the middle of the night and need assistance? That is not at a problem at BlueHost as their support is available 24/7 through live chat, phone or email. For some quick answers to your questions, please feel free to visit their extensive FAQ section.
Is BlueHost Good for Business Websites?
BlueHost has been monitored for quite some time now and we have hosted several websites on their servers throughout the last few years. Their technical support and their uptime guarantee have never let us down. It is the mean reason why small and medium business websites should go with their hosting services.
HostMonster is in business since 1998 and has been offering different web hosting solution for small and medium business sites. Over 750,000 sites and domains are currently hosted on their servers. HostMonster’s basic shared web hosting package has every feature that a personal or business site can ask for at a price that anyone can afford.
The company has plenty of expertise in offering quality hosting services and they can also maintain and guarantee a 99.9% server uptime. For an online business website performance, connection speed and server uptime are all equally critical aspects. With HostMonster you don’t need to worry about these things as their sites are fast and backups are regularly performed on a daily basis.
A simple price comparison between HostMonster and several other web hosting companies on the market will tell you that HostMonster do not offer lower prices. They cannot lower the prices as they prefer to host less shared accounts on the same server, mainly focusing on offering maximum reliability and speed. Their simple webhosting plan offers unlimited data transfer and disk space, unlimited number of hosted domains and email accounts, unlimited MySQL databases, website builder, free domain, one-click installation software and so on.
cPanel is the control panel made available to HostMonster customers. It is a top rated and widely used control panel in the industry. It is simple to use it and allows you to administer domains, databases, files, email addresses and to easily install any of your required scripts. It also delivers you website visitor statistics without the need of installing any additional tool for that.
HostMonster support is available for customers 24/7. Use live chat or send them an email message if you need some sort of assistance with your hosting account. Phone them whenever you want to if you want to talk with a staff member; a skilled technician will take your call and will help you solve whatever hosting problem you might have. For basic questions and detailed information visit their comprehensive FAQ section.
Is HostMonster Suitable for Business Websites?
The company’s main goal is to offer excellent hosting services and support and it is the main reason why numerous small business websites are using HostMonster’s hosting services. With their 30-day money back guarantee there are virtually no risks with this hosting company. In case for some reason you are not fully pleased with their services you can ask for a full refund during this period. HostMonster is a professional we hosting company and it can represent the right option for any small or medium business website.
The hosting company, FatCow is based in Boston, MA and was established in 1998. They provide shared web hosting service to small businesses and individuals who wish to start their website or blog with a low budget. FatCow also offer the possibility to grow with them, offering virtual and dedicated servers for high traffic corporate websites.
FatCow is very proud of their 100% wind powered data-center and for their professional 24/7 online support. The service is risk free, and the company offer 100% customer satisfaction with their 30 day money back policy.
If need only email hosting, at FatCow you can sign up with the Mini-Moo plan, and host your email for only few bucks a year.
FatCow is a web hosting company that was founded in 1998. The company’s main goal is to offer affordable but still quality hosting services. It is a hosting company that has constantly grown over the years and became popular because of its simple yet feature-packed hosting package.
FatCow offers a guaranteed server uptime of 99.9% along with online support available 24/7 through email, live chat and telephone. Their technical support staff is friendly and receptive making efforts to best solve your problems. Customer satisfaction is guaranteed as they have a 30-day money back guarantee.
The company offers a simple and affordable hosting plan with many features to best meet the needs of your website: unlimited monthly data transfer and web space, unlimited MySQL databases, unlimited emails, free site builder and domain name, and marketing credits worth hundreds of dollars to advertise your website.
vDeck is the company’s choice in terms of control panel, which is an easy to use and user-friendly panel for straightforward site building and publishing, domain managing, email management, visitor statistics, script installation, database and file management. It basically offers everything you need to create a professionally looking website even without having extensive technical skills.
Their support is available 24/7 to get help whenever you need it through email, live chat or telephone. They have a quick response time; a staff member will pick up the phone and a hosting specialist will handle your tickets as quickly as possible to help you solve the issues you might have.
Their servers include advanced hardware with very low energy consumption. Also, they are using wind powered energy. With FatCow you get excellent web hosting services and in the same time you also protecting the environment.
Is it Suitable for Business Websites?
FatCow hosting services are a great option for personal and small sized business websites as well. You can get started with the right foot by choosing FatCow hosting services along with their great features, marketing credits and guarantees. This is where you can create a great website with almost no technical skills at all. FatCow will help you to get started your business and to grow along with several other web hosting experts.
InMotion Hosting has become a leader in the hosting industry by providing consistent service and support since 2001. Offering multiple hosting solutions, including shared, VPS, and dedicated services, InMotion has not only been a CNET certified hosting company for the past ten years straight and running, they also have an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau. Offering dependable US based 24/7 Support, your choice of data centers for faster speeds, FREE Automated Backups, and plenty of marketing credits, InMotion is your one stop solution for all of your business/personal site needs. Find out today why InMotion is the go-to hosting provider for many top businesses and personal sites.
InMotion is an experienced web hosting company, founded in 2001. Several review websites, along with BBBOnLine and CNET considers them a leading web hosting service provider. InMotionHosting is mostly famous for their business web hosting packages, although the list of their available hosting services includes web design, dedicated servers, virtual private servers and personal host. Still, InMotion is an expert in business web hosting, providing various different business web hosting packages.
InMotion servers offer an uptime of 99.9%. The company is not only able to offer this excellent server uptime, but, based on the acquired type of hosting account, you can benefit of the top speed zone, which leads to superior performance and fast loading sites. InMotion servers are constantly monitored and are regularly backed up and daily and weekly basis.
The company provides a large scale of web hosting plans. InMotion offers viable web hosting solutions for those who want to start a blog or a smaller website, business hosting for small and medium businesses and dedicated server hosting for larger corporate websites. InMotion offers the freedom to customers to start and develop and their business with their hosting options. There are web hosting companies on the market with only shared web hosting in their offer, forcing customers to switch hosting companies once their websites have overgrown the resources of shared hosting. Although InMotion charge more for their services as compared to their completion, the delivered services well worth the investment.
InMotion prefers to deliver high quality technical and customer support, instead of all sort of marketing deals with the keyword “unlimited” topped with a bunch of extra features. InMotion support staff can quickly solve most problems and are always available. Support can be reached 24/7 through a toll-free telephone number, community forums, email and live chat. If you prefer to look for answers yourself, please feel free to check their knowledge base, which offers information on your web hosting account, articles and video tutorials to sharpen your webmaster and webhosting skills.
cPanel is the control panel used by InMotion servers to help customers to easily deal with files, emails, databases, sites and scripts. A cPanel add-on, known as Fantastico, is extremely helpful when you want to install such software as WordPress, b2Evolution (for blogging), Drupal, Joomla (for content management) and Zen Cart or osCommerce (for shopping cart). The use of Fantastico does not require the existence of any programming or major technical skills.
Maximum customer satisfaction is guaranteed, as you have a 90-day money back guarantee if you are not pleased with the quality of the delivered hosting, service and support.
Is InMotion Recommended for Business websites?
iPage hosting company was established in 1998. Today iPage is hosting more than one million websites on their servers. They are focusing on a single, inexpensive hosting plan, that has all the features that a personal or business website needs. Boost up the traffic of your website with the free marketing credits offered with every new hosting account, use their free site building tools to set up a website in 10 minutes and manage emails, domains, files with their easy to use vDeck hosting control panel.
The 24/7 available tech support will help you to solve any problem in no time, they can be contacted via live chat, email or by phone.
Their wind energy powered servers are reliable, connected to high speed network and are offering you 99.9% uptime guarantee. If you want to learn more about iPage hosting, please read the following editor’s ipage review.
iPage made their appearance in the web hosting industry in 1998. The company has constantly grown and today serves thousands of customers around the word, hosting more than one million sites. iPage’s main concern is to offer a single essential web hosting plan, packed with features and several other valuable extras, which are easy to use even by web hosting beginners. Their hosting plan is reasonably priced to be within the budget of everyone. iPage offers not only excellent hosting facilities, but also first-class technical and customer support, along with a guaranteed server uptime of 99.9%.
Their servers rely on advanced hardware technologies and are backed with sufficient power supplies and have high speed internet connection to ensure they can deliver their guaranteed uptime of 99.9%. iPage customers are always fully satisfied as they are offered a money back guarantee anytime they want to. The company’s network secured, well organized and regularly backed up every day.
iPage provides a low-priced web hosting package which includes several features to best meet the requirements of any small and medium sized business site. Their hosting plan includes such features as free domain name, free online store, free Yellopages listing, marketing credits for free advertising, user-friendly site builder, installation tool and script library, unlimited data transfer and web space, unlimited MySQL databases, unlimited email accounts, Google apps integration and visitor statistics.
iPage offers to its users an extremely user-friendly control panel, known as vDeck. Simplicity is the word that best describes this web hosting control panel. vDeck has a great structure and it is easy to use even by those who have limited technical knowledge. It allows users to easily manage databases, domains and files, to install various scripts, send emails, create and publish websites extremely quickly.
In the absence of adequate customer and technical support all those great hosting features are basically worthless. iPage is fully aware of how significant support is to their customers and provides them online support 24/7 through email tickets, chat and telephone. A comprehensive knowledge base is also available with numerous helpful tutorials and articles. Their support staff is helpful and responsive to best answer your questions.
Hosting at iPage is green as their power is supplied by wind energy only and their servers are also environmentally-friendly using substantially less energy than old generation computers. You can also be eco-friendly by using iPage’s hosting services. A green banner can be placed on your website to show the world that you are an active member of the green movement.
Is it good for Business Websites?
iPage hosts numerous business websites and it is a great web hosting option for anyone who is looking for an affordable, yet reliable web hosting plan. It is perfectly suitable for all small and medium sized businesses. iPage offers excellent support, quality services, feature packed hosting packages which include free extras worth $400. | 2019-04-24T04:20:04Z | http://webhostingreviews.us/shared/ |
An International Conference organized by MargHumanities as part of its Global Humanities Initiative, in collaboration with the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library from August 16-18, 2012, at Teen Murti House, New Delhi, India.
**As a part of the Conference, a photography exhibition on The Travelling Tent Cinemas of Maharashtra will be brought to the NMML by Amit Madheshiya and Shirley Abraham, photographers/researchers who work out of Mumbai.
The global economic crisis has made visible many pressures in culture and society that were veiled by the idea of constant progress in the late twentieth century. The European Union, to take one example, was to the major powers a balm for the atrocities of the first and second world wars; to the minor it was legal security against the ambitions of the powerful. The concert between large nations and small can be traced back into the history of empire. Ireland inhabits an exemplary position in this regard. A part of the British Empire it was a hub of the Atlantic world that opened on to the Americas. A colony with a history of famine and dispossession, the island was connected to global pressures of exchange and trade centuries before this latest recession destroyed much of a national identity that had seemed secure since independence. Ireland’s imperial history was buried quickly after 1922. The collapse of the Celtic Tiger, as the boom economy was known, has had the surprising effect of bringing this past back to life. Now that the story of nation has failed the monuments of an old world order have come back into view, not least because we are entering a decade of centenary commemorations of revolutionary events, events that had their influence on other parts of the British Empire, most notably India with regard to Home Rule and mass public protest.
I would like to explore some of the ways in which creative work in the humanities has traced and drawn this global history of Ireland. This history extends to connection with other places including India, that other emerald isle. Using ideas of the sea as a connective metaphor I want to show some of the many ways in which art and literature can illuminate the hidden cost of cultural exchange. James Joyce approached this idea in his reflections in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, which was first published in 1916, the same year of the great rebellion that began the final movement towards independence. In A Portrait Joyce has his character Stephen Dedalus reflect on the word ivory and its consonants in other languages, as ivoire and eborio. This reminds the young man of his Latin schooling: India mittit ebur. If the world economy is made of an exchange of things, things make their world anew in the sequence of their transit. Small in scale, partitioned and caught between competing ideas of nation, empire and union, thinking about Ireland invites reflection on larger questions of culture and economy. With the humanities at sea in a rapidly changing contemporary world I will argue that our current crisis is a familiar mode with a long and complex material history. For, as Joyce put it, by thinking of things you can understand them.
Nicholas Allen is Director of the Willson Center for Humanities and Arts and Franklin professor of English at the University of Georgia. He is writing a cultural history of the year 1916 and has published several books including Broken Landscapes: Selected letters of Ernie O’Malley (Dublin, 2011), Modernism, Ireland and Civil War (Cambridge, 2009), That Other Island (2007), The Proper Word (2007), George Russell and the New Ireland (2003), and The Cities of Belfast (2003). Recent essays have been published in The History of the Irish Book in the Twentieth Century (Oxford, 2011) and Synge and Edwardian Ireland (Oxford, 2011). Allen’s work is located at the intersection between literature, history and visual culture. His interests include the study of modernism, empire and, increasingly, writing about ocean and archipelago. Allen has taught previously at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the National University of Ireland, Galway, where he was academic director of the Moore Institute.
‘Harsh, both in style and tone’ was how Simone de Beauvoir described Sartre’s Critique of Dialectical Reason in a famous set of ‘conversations’ with the philosopher/writer that she published in the mid seventies. But for her, his lifelong companion, the Critique was a visible sign of the real progress Sartre had made in the course of his philosophical career, and she said so. After the war, as Sartre moved rapidly to the left and identified with it in more explicit ways, ‘Philosophy became something political’, she told him, and asked why he had undertaken such a massive labour of thought. ‘I wanted to know where I stood philosophically’, Sartre replied. ‘In your relations with Marxism…’. ‘Superficially yes, but above all with dialectic…I moved from Being and Nothingness to a dialectical idea.’ That this was no afterthought but fundamental to the project as Sartre had conceived this in the late fifties is shown by an interview he gave in 1959 where he describes the work as ‘my present book on the Dialectic’.
The Critique was never finished and Sartre always saw it as an unfinished work. If volume one, the bigger of the two volumes, is complete, it is also abstract, and was always meant only as an introduction or prolegomenon to the second ‘historical’ volume. I shall deal briefly with the content of both volumes of the Critique, summarising what they set out to do, the broad movement through which each constructs the intelligibility of history, the major concepts that are developed at these different levels of intelligibility, and how Sartre illustrates the concepts he develops and the arguments linked to them with fascinating and often powerful studies of objects (ensembles, processes, real praxes) like the state, class struggle, colonialism, and the ‘institutional ensemble’ that was Stalinism. I shall look finally at the way Sartre himself looked back at the work and at Left politics more generally in two crucial interviews he gave in 1969, one to New Left Review, and the other to Il Manifesto.
Jairus Banaji studied Classics, Modern Philosophy and Ancient History at St John’s College, Oxford in 1965–72, and Modern History at JNU in 1972–75. For most of the late seventies and eighties he worked with the unions in Bombay, returning to Oxford in 1986 to start work on a D.Phil. which was later published as Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity: Gold, Labour and Aristocratic Dominance (2001). He is affiliated to the Department of Development Studies, SOAS, University of London. His most recent book is Theory as History: Essays on Modes of Production and Exploitation (Historical Materialism Book Series 25) (Brill, 2010).
Multilinguality is a human condition. In the Indian subcontinent multilingualism forms the basis of exchange in everyday life. If languages—as sound, speech and script; as the site constituting knowledge—form the warp and weft of the Humanities, how do they reflect in our curriculum development, our classroom practices, the regulatory and evaluation templates of research at the MPhil and doctoral level? These questions are posed against the shifting contours of ‘English Studies’ in independent India, particularly the last couple of decades. The paper takes as a historical peg Rabindranath Tagore’s idea/ideal of a world university emerging in the shadow of WWI, in a continuously spiralling trajectory from the impetus of a ‘national education’ deriving from the swadeshi years at the turn of the twentieth century. (An aspiration expressed in the chosen name for his university, the hyphenated Visva-Bharati.) I wish to juxtapose this with the conscious brand-making of ‘authentic’ ‘rustic idioms’, ‘street lingo’, and so on, amongst contemporary producers of self-designated ‘alternative’ popular culture—again, through the sieve of institutional practices that I am aware of. I suggest that the Humanities, particularly, literature in relation to the other arts, to history and philosophy will thrive, if we pay attention to new and older forms of orality—aurality in all the minute and nuanced registers that they still continue to live in everyday speech, in the performing arts, and in the legacy of print.
Rimli Bhattacharya has trained in Comparative Literature from Jadavpur and Brown Universities. Her research and publications are on performance history and actresses, comparative narratology, art practices and film. Her translations into English include autobiographies (Binodini Dasi’s ‘My Story and My Life as an Actress’, 1998) and novels (Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s Aranyak, 2002; Tagore’s Char Adhyay, 2002.) In 1997, she was script consultant and production coordinator for Kumar Shahani’s film based on Tagore’s last and most philosophical novel, Char Adhyay. She has worked in primary education in various states of India for over a decade. From 2005-2008 she was involved in an international collaborative project on “The construction of the subject English in secondary schools in London, Johannesburg and Delhi” with scholars from Universites of London and Witwatersrand. She is currently completing a monograph ‘The Dancing Poet’ on Tagore’s thoughts on education, performance practice at the intersection of modernity. She has taught at JNU, MS University of Baroda and has been the Rama Watumull Distinguished Indian Scholar at University of Hawai’i at Manoa (2000), and ICCR Visiting Chair at the University of Pennsylvania (2008). She currently teaches at the Department of English, University of Delhi.
In a lecture he gave in 1982, published under the title, ‘Education of a Filmmaker’, Satyajit Ray repeated his faith in the perception of everyday life as the source of authentic image making. He started off with underlining the same principles in his earliest published essay in 1949. The aesthetic models to which his cinema adhered may have been left behind by cinematic developments, but it is curious to see how a spontaneous registration of everyday life has come to constitute the basis on which contemporary practices of sound and image, of filmmaking and New Media, develop their aesthetics and, to a large extent, their politics. It is ordinary people, until recently only viewers of the image, who now create that common basis with the help of cheap digital tools. This paper will talk about an experiment where an initiative of neighbourhood documentation has been turned into aesthetic and scholarly resource. It shall explore the axes on which research, documentation and aesthetic production have converged, namely the digital commons and the archive.
After teaching English in a government college for four years, Moinak Biswas joined the newly-launched Department of Film Studies at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, in 1993. The Department was the first of its kind in India, where he took a leading part in setting up programmes and facilities. He initiated the Media Lab, a centre for art and learning through digital forms, at Jadavpur in 2008. Biswas edits the Journal of the Moving Image, and co-edits BioScope, South Asian Screen Studies. He writes on Indian film and culture, and has recently written and co-directed the award-winning feature film Sthaniya Sambaad (Spring in the Colony, 2009).
The word desh means many things in Bengali—space, village, country, nation. In the late nineteenth century and in the wake of the anti-Partition movement in the first decade of the twentieth, the word acquired shades of the Western connotations of community and nation-state. The piecing together of a supposedly lost history of Bengal and the identity of a fragmented nationhood meant that the study of the humanities would be the primary engine of national recovery, and that the discovery of desh, like Gandhi’s trip on a train through India in Attenborough’s film, would be the primary project of the humanities for the colonial academic. This would entail not just the antiquarianism of the humanists inspired by the Asiatic Society, but scientific and business enterprises that fuelled the swadeshi researches of Prafulla Chandra Ray and his students, the tours of initiation for nationalists such as Vivekananda, the recovery of manuscripts from remote areas by textual scholars such as Haraprasad Shastri and Dineshchandra Sen, and the educational reforms of Rabindranath Tagore. Is desh relevant to any project of the humanities after the waning of such cultural archaeology? Does it remain as something more than detritus, waiting for a fresh life beyond the stifling limits of debates on identity? The paper looks for clues to this renewal in the writings of some authors from the time—Akshay Maitreya, Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar, Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay, Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay, Prafulla Chandra Ray, Swami Vivekananda, and Rabindranath Tagore.
Swapan Chakravorty is Director General, National Library, Kolkata, and Secretary and Curator, Victoria Memorial Hall (Additional Charge); he is on lien from the post of Professor of English, Jadavpur University, where he was also Joint Director, School of Cultural Texts and Records. He writes in English and Bengali, in areas spanning European early modernity, nineteenth and twentieth century Bengal, textual studies and publishing and print cultures, and has held visiting assignments at the Universiti Malaya, the University of Alabama and the University of London. His books include Society and Politics in the Plays of Thomas Middleton (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), Conversations with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (with Suzana Milevska and Tani E. Barlow) (London: Seagull, 2007), Bangalir Ingreji Sahityacharcha (Kolkata: Anustup, 2006), and Shakespeare (Kolkata: Papyrus, 1999). His edited book Mudraner Sanskriti o Bangla Boi (Kolkata: Ababhas, 2007) won the Narasingh Das Award of Delhi University in 2009. He has edited three volumes on book history with Abhijit Gupta. He has recently been felicitated by Mitra Mandir, Kolkata, for his contribution to literature and culture.
Instead of simply considering the changing (often adverse) social or official context for the study of the humanities, this paper starts by considering the challenges posed by intrinsic changes in the field, three in particular: new types of interdisciplinarity; the epistemology of postmodernism; the coming of the computer, and the rise of electronic media and communication.
These changes, incrementally linked and interactive, place the student of the humanities within a radically new matrix of knowledge and inquiry. They also call for new practical skills, an unprecedented reliance on technology, and new funding demands. These requirements, in turn, place the humanities in a totally new relation to society, politics and the economy – a relationship markedly at odds with that traditionally ascribed to the discipline.
The paper will look at the depressing results of the encounter, but argue that the solution lies in a more active engagement with the social, political and technological demands of our milieu. This in turn calls for redefining the ethos of humanities scholarship: only thus will the substance of that scholarship find full recognition and realize its active potential.
Sukanta Chaudhuri divided his teaching life between the English Departments of Presidency College, Kolkata and Jadavpur University, and is now Professor Emeritus at Jadavpur. His specializations are European Renaissance Literature and textual studies, in which fields he has published several books and over 50 articles. He has translated widely from Bengali to English, and is General Editor of the Oxford Tagore Translations. He has wide experience of academic planning and administration, including the chair of the UGC panel for English and other Western languages, and of the UGC curriculum development committee in this field. As founder-director of the School of Cultural Texts and Records, Jadavpur University, he has played a part in introducing digital humanities in India. His current projects include charge of Bichitra, a complete online Tagore variorum, as well as editorship of A Midsummer Night’s Dream for the Third Arden Shakespeare and a comprehensive anthology of Renaissance pastoral poetry for Manchester University Press.
In the Constituent Assembly debates after 1947, Dr B.R Ambedkar, at a certain point, remarks that the question was not simply to represent the marginalized and excluded sections/castes in the republic. It was as much a question of the habit, among these castes, of participating in those very debates that create newer and greater representations. Thus Ambedkar emphasizes the crossing of earlier rigid threshold such that the excluded castes enter into the zone of a ‘becoming-political’ whose subjective infrastructure consists of a kind of ‘habit’ of politics. The contention with the dominant (Aristotelian?) paradigm of a limited republican politics is that such an absolute widening of the subject of politics is possible. Along this widening of the very constitutive possibility of the subject of politics, at least three questions arise: What sort of ‘habit’ might correspond to a mode of political participation which must come in the wake of a revocation of and absolute break with all past socio-political habits? How to maintain the revocation even while inducing and inventing new political habits and reflexes? Thirdly, how to ground the subject of politics, which is unconditionally republican, when the paradigm of the paradoxical ‘political animal’ which must either prescriptively overcome its animal status (as with Aristotle’s prescription against women and slaves as cathartic ‘animals’) or politicize that very status (as with modern ‘bio-politics’ of the liberal, western type), must necessarily be rejected?
Soumyabrata Choudhury is a Visiting Fellow at CSDS. Recently he completed a manuscript on the limits of politics based on the axiom of sovereignty at IIAS, Shimla. He taught for several years at the School of Arts and Aesthetics, JNU.
This paper tries to open up what can be seen as communist art in the Indian context and to see if we can develop a new understanding of political art from the work of Ritwik Ghatak, particularly, his film Ajantrik. We explore a different way of watching the film, where the image is undermined by the sound and the human subject is undercut by the machinic, going against the grain of existing interpretations. The larger aim is to discuss how Ajantrik presents an unusual meditation on the difficult relations of artistic and political practice, creative life and alienated labor, community and capital, framed in the immediate wake of independence. What makes the film our contemporary is, however, Ghatak’s audacious juxtaposition of technology and poetics, which seems unthinkable in mainstream communist politics today. This paper is a reconsideration of that utopian audacity.
After working as a Fellow at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Kolkata, Rajarshi Dasgupta is now Assistant Professor, Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He works at the cusp of political theory, social history and cultural production. He is particularly interested in the domains of Marxism, biopolitics and statelessness. He finds it an enduring challenge to consider the political and ethical implications of visual and sonic practices like film, photography and music.
This talks forms part of a larger investigation into the role of critique—or what I prefer to call the hermeneutics of suspicion—in literary and cultural studies. Why is critique so popular and so prestigious? Why is it often perceived as the most rigorous and radical form of thinking? And what kinds of questions does critique foreclose, dismiss, or ignore?
While the spirit of critique is one of endless questioning, this does not automatically imply a denial of the value of literature. Critique values literature, however, only to the extent that it can be shown to mimic the qualities of critique itself—that is, to engage in skeptical or subversive acts of defamiliarizing, denaturalizing, demystifying.
Yet we shortchange the significance of art by focusing on the “de” prefix at the expense of the “re” prefix: a work’s power to remake, reconfigure, or recontextualize perception. Works of art do not only subvert, but convert, they do not only inform, but transform–a transformation that is not just a matter of intellectual readjustment but also of emotional realignment. And here critique, which prides itself on the vigilance of its detachment, proves a poor guide to the richness and complexity of our aesthetic attachments.
What, then, might a postcritical practice of reading look? How do we develop forms of scholarship more attuned to the affective dimensions of reading and more willing to articulate the positive value of literary works for both academic and lay readers? I draw on the recent work of Bruno Latour, Marielle Macé, and Yves Citton to sketch out some possible answers to this question.
Rita Felski is William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of English at the University of Virginia and the editor of New Literary History. After receiving her B.A from Cambridge University and her Ph.D from Monash University in Australia, she moved to the U.S in 1994. She is the author of Beyond Feminist Aesthetics, The Gender of Modernity, Doing Time: Feminist Theory and Postmodern Culture, Literature After Feminism, and the Blackwell Manifesto Uses of Literature, and also the editor of Rethinking Tragedy and co-editor of Comparison: Theories, Approaches, Uses. She has also published essays in such journals as PMLA, Signs, Poetics Today, Cultural Critique, Theory, Culture, and Society, New Formations, and Modernism/Modernity. Honors include the William Riley Parker Prize for best essay in PMLA, an Australian Research Council Major Grant, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Her work has been translated in ten languages. She is currently completing a book on the hermeneutics of suspicion called Schools of Suspicion: Critique and After.
Civilization, after a period of neglect and even of suspicion, has returned as a concept in several disciplines – history, political science, sociology, anthropology, and others. What is its potential for serving as a leading concept in the analysis of cultures and societies across space and time, on a global plane? I want to make the case for this, taking a number of examples of civilizational analysis, and focussing especially on the contribution of Arnold Toynbee in his great work, A Study of History.
Krishan Kumar is University Professor, William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor, and Chair, Department of Sociology, University of Virginia. He was formerly Professor of Social and Political Thought at the University of Kent at Canterbury, England. Among his publications are Prophecy and Progress (1978), Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times (1987), The Making of English National Identity (2003), and From Post-Industrial to Post-Modern Society, 2nd ed (2005). He is currently working on empires.
The paper engages the trans-national circumstances of higher education at the present time, taking as its focus the social geography of university life. It proposes a theoretical and historical framework within which the university is approached as a site of newly competing agencies and agendas, which change the terms of academic exchange but which often remain invisible and un-theorized. The regulatory procedures for review and evaluation, the material spectacle of academic architecture, the cultural tensions between modernity and postmodernity, the transactions between the individual and the mass, the phenomenology of the teacher-student relation – these are the inciting and intersections questions of the paper. At its center is a return to Virginia Woolf and her reflections in the opening chapter of Three Guineas. Here Woolf makes a radical demand for a transformed university, which she describes as the “poor college” of the future; in so doing, she places the question of the “human” – of deep character, desire, instinct and ideal – at the foundation of academic life. Three Guineas raises questions of theory and practice that bear closely on our own moment; it also generates a problem in the definition of personhood that becomes decisive in the later philosophy of Wittgenstein. The machine-body relationship in Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations provides the crux in the final stage of discussion, which reconsiders the status of the human within the practice and prospects of the humanities.
Michael Levenson is William B. Christian Professor of English at the University of Virginia and author of A Genealogy of Modernism (Cambridge University Press 1984), Modernism and the Fate of Individuality (Cambridge University Press 1990), The Spectacle of Intimacy (Princeton University Press, co-author Karen Chase 2000),and Modernism from Yale University Press (2011). He is also the editor of the Cambridge Companion to Modernism (2000, 2nd edition 2011). Professor Levenson has been chair of the English Department and is the founding director of the Institute of Humanities at the University of Virginia. He has received grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Mellon Foundation and currently serves as a Fulbright Senior Specialist. He has published widely, with essays in such journals as ELH, Novel, Modernism/Modernity, The New Republic, Wilson Quarterly, Raritan; among his public lectures are those at Harvard, Yale, University of Chicago, Johns Hopkins, Berkeley, and Oxford University.
Digital Humanities, formerly New Media Studies, is fast becoming a popular addition to the Humanities curricula. The way it is often conceived of is as a means of creating e-texts and online variorum editions. While in itself a noble goal, this, however, is a very limited understanding of how digital technologies intervene in the Humanities today and is a case of missing the forest for the trees. Rather, one could take Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s (1987) concept of the ‘assemblage’ as a useful framework for describing the very multiple nature of the Digital Humanities. The various aspects of digital culture ‘plug in’, as it were, into the digital assemblage. For example, videogames that tell stories do so in a way that challenges traditional conceptions of narrative; similarly, they address deeper philosophical and sociological questions such as identity-formation, agency and involvement. Videogames raise questions about the level of free will that the player can exercise; the natureof the involvement of the player; and point towards how identity itself is experienced as unfixed (Galloway 2006) and as a ‘fold’. As Katherine Hayles (2002) states, in the above concerns digital media are not ‘new’, rather they provide a fresh focus on key concerns of the Humanities and the human. As opposed to earlier formulations, this analysis aims to reassess existing definitions and methodologies of the Digital Humanities and to engage afresh with how the Humanities per se need to be rethought especially from the point of view of technicity, identity and culture. This is especially relevant in the Indian context where despite a significantly prevalent IT presence not much has been done to examine how digital cultures have developed and how they constantly affect quotidian sociocultural processes.
Souvik Mukherjee has been researching videogames as an emerging storytelling medium since 2002 and has completed his PhD on the subject from Nottingham Trent University in 2009. His research examines their relationship to canonical ideas of narrative and also how these games inform and challenge current conceptions of technicity, identity and culture, in general. His current interests involve the analysis of paratexts of videogames such as walkthroughs and after-action reports as well as the concept of time and telos in videogames. He has published and presented in academic journals and conferences on a range of topics in Game Studies as well as on Renaissance and Romantic Literature.Souvik currently teaches English Literature at Presidency University and is interested in the development of Digital Humanities in India. More details about his research, publications and thoughts on the subject can be found on his blog ‘Ludus ex Machina’.
This presentation will reflect on the varied experiences of simultaneously perceiving, performing and representing the conflictual in the urban contemporary, through encounters and engagements with the timeless, the universal, the local and the specific in political and cultural contexts and histories. It will draw upon knowledge gathered and gleaned from being continually writing, acting, directing and editing performances on screen and on stage that are based in Kolkata and its suburbs but are travelling across and beyond one city and its idiosyncrasies through art even while, often, questioning many paradigms of the arts as we receive and respond to them.
Suman Mukhopadhyay is now working on his 5th feature film Shesher Kobita, while Kangal Malsat, his 4th, is in post-production. Mahanagar @ Kolkata (2009), Chaturanga (2008) and Herbert (2005) are his previous films. Chaturanga was selected for 50 film festivals around the globe including the Montreal World Film Festival, La Rochelle International Film Festival, San Francisco International Film Festival, Sao Paulo International Film Festival, International Film Festival of India (Goa), Kolkata Film Festival and the Seattle International Film Festival. His first feature film, Herbert, got the National Award. The film has been screened at a number of national and international film festivals including Florence, Bangkok, Osian Cinefan, Zanzibar, Mumbai, Pune and Kerala. Herbert was officially released in the USA at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Mukhopadhyay has done his film training from the New York Film Academy, and has done theatre productions ranging from European drama to major adaptations of Bengali masterpieces and productions of Indian plays, which include Raja Lear, Bisarjan, Teesta Paarer Brittanto, Mephisto, Raktakarabi, Little Clay Cart, Nagamandala, Man of the Heart and Fireface. He was a British Academy Fellow and invited to the Barbican Centre, London with the play Man of the Heart.
At present, History is often taken by those in other humanities disciplines to be a sort of useful tool, a field of study that provides background or “context” for the more vital business of interpreting texts, works of art, rituals, or social relations. Historians have done much themselves to encourage this sentiment. What I plan to advocate in this talk is a new understanding of the work of the historian in which he or she uses historical evidence to weigh in on the biggest kinds of questions—about the meaning of life, of thought, of emotion, of truth—and in so doing makes illuminating the specificity of single moments and spaces in the world a step in the process rather than the end game. I call this kind of long-range, spatially unbounded, engage-in-the present history that I am proposing “philosophical history.” My plan is, first, to introduce this approach by reference to the work of Hannah Arendt and, second, to suggest its potential for creating conversations that cut across the humanities—not to mention the sciences and social sciences—as a whole. The central thesis here is that philosophy should not be left to philosophers alone. It is only by engaging in conversations about meaning that we, in different humanities fields, can talk to each other and make the humanities central to our culture, locally and globally.
Sophia Rosenfeld is Professor of History at the University of Virginia. She is the author of numerous scholarly articles on 18th-century culture, politics, and ideas, as well as A Revolution in Language: The Problem of Signs in Late Eighteenth-Century France (Stanford, 2001) and, most recently, Common Sense: A Political History (Harvard, 2011), which won the 2012 Mark Lynton History Prize and is forthcoming in Korean and French translations. Her writing has also appeared in the New York Times, the Daily Beast, the Nation, and the Washington Post. She received her BA from Princeton and her PhD from Harvard, and she has also been a visiting faculty member at the Remarque Institute at NYU, the École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris), and the University of Virginia School of Law. Currently she is director of a multidisciplinary seminar program in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Virginia that she hopes is a good model for the future of humanities teaching.
Quite early on, Gandhi takes to describing satyagraha as a dayadharma. If he is so drawn to the term daya, that is because, following his relinquishment of the universalism and civility involved in republican democracy or ‘modern civilization’, daya comes to name the other civility and universalism which is also the other of the metaphysical universalism he relinquishes. This other of universalism is organized around two-ness, and the multiplicity proper to two. This paper explores his enagagement with the term daya on three registers.
It argues, first, that it is quite inadequate to understand daya and relatedly ahimsa as a weaker force than liberal tolerance—as an attempt to be more inclusive still by only setting examples for others rather than forcing them to do something. Ahimsa is thus for him a force greater than violence. This is one of the reasons that he opposes the renunciatory ahimsa he associates with some Jain and Hindu traditions. Second, for him daya becomes, as for the Jain thinker Shrimad Rajchandra who influences him so much, a way of affirming simultaneously the oneness and equality of all life. This attempt to hold together a radical unity (oneness) and ineradicable difference (equality of all life) leads him to question the idea of a ‘kinglike God’—a god modeled on the human sovereign. Third, the essay explores how this attempt leads to his distinctive thinking of advaita, as also to his argument that ahimsa is marked by a constitutive notness of being.
Ajay Skaria is a historian at the University of Minnesota. He is interested in questions of intellectual history and political theory, and is currently finishing a book on Gandhi, tentatively titled Immeasurable Equality: Gandhi, Religion and Politics.
One of the ways in which advocates for the Humanities attempt to express their value is by making comparative claims about how their work differs from that of the Sciences and Social Sciences. Arguments that seek to establish distinct objects and methods of study for the three major organizational divisions of the university have, historically, often gone further and sought to describe deep ‘cultural’ and characterological differences. In the main, ‘two’ and (more recently) ‘three culture’ debates have possessed a rhetorical attraction out of keeping with their very limited persuasiveness—and yet it is obviously desirable that any claim for the value of the Humanities should be more specific than the general claims one might make for any higher education. This paper will examine the grounds for asserting a distinctive value to higher scholarship in the Humanities, allowing for differentiation from the work of the Sciences and Social Sciences without traducing all three fields.
Helen Small is Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Pembroke College. Her books include The Long Life (OUP, 2007; winner of the Truman Capote Prize for Literary Criticism, 2008), and (ed.), The Public Intellectual (Blackwell, 2002). She is currently completing a study of the defences of the Humanities that have been most influential in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and still exert some persuasive power. Her aim is to provide a taxonomical and historical account of the arguments, and to test their validity for the present day.
This presentation explores the implications of Plotinus’s interpretation of Plato for the account of Aristotle and Plato that we have received from Heidegger. If there is a strong undercurrent of praxis-fetishism in Heidegger, and if there is a similar strain in our own modern reworkings of karmayoga (Tilak, Shukla, Gandhi), how can we seek to understand time not as a holding-back or keeping-in-reserve, but as a primary surplus (‘pleonos’)? What implications does this have for our notions of death, the afterlife, and finally for the individuation of the subject? In closing I would like to suggest how it is possible for us reread Hegel with these concerns in view.
Milind Wakankar‘s doctoral work, and his subsequent book entitled Subalternity and Religion, were on the relation between Kabir and the Marathi bhakti tradition, understood from both a modern and premodern point of view. This recourse to the pastness of the past, one not accessible to history, has now taken him back to late antiquity and beyond–his current work is on the Bhagawata Purana. He is a Fellow at CSCS, Bangalore, where he has taught courses bringing together the texts of Hegel, Schelling and Heidegger.
Mahesh Rangarajan is Director, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi and Professor of History, University of Delhi.
Sukanta Chaudhuri is Emeritus Professor of English, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.
Nandini Chandra is Assistant Professor of English, University of Delhi.
sustained through sheer ingenuity and enterprise, for more than six decades now. And yet, they are still to find place in mainstream academic and popular accounts of the evolution of cinema in India. The project attempts to ‘historicise’ the history of these cinemas, as well as to ‘provincialise’ it, by focusing on modalities which deliver the experience of cinema away from sophisticated theatres in the city.
documents the touring cinemas by means of still images, interviews, participatory observation and archival research.
(Tokyo), Edge Gallery (Hong Kong), Gallery Caprice Horn (Berlin), National Center for Performing Arts( Mumbai), Center for Asian Studies (Boulder), Annexe Gallery (Kuala Lumpur), Art and Architecture collaborative Beam (Wakefield), Bradford Mela and Play House (Bradford), Jnan Pravah (Mumbai) and Dakshinachitra Gallery (Chennai). For his work on the tent cinemas series, Amit has won the World Press Photo (2011), the Sony World Photography award (2011 and 2009) and the Grand Prize at the Humanity Photo Awards (2009).
Shirley and Amit received a fellowship from Tasveer Ghar/House of Pictures: A Digital Network of South Asian Popular Visual Culture, for a project studying dynamics of a unique public visual language, installing images of gods on tiles in street corners, employing them as sentinels against defilement of public spaces. In 2010, they also received a short-term fellowship from the Cluster of Excellence- Asia and Europe in a Global Context, Transcultural Image Database Project “Satellite of Networks”, for their project exploring devotional visual culture at the shrine of Sailani Baba in Maharashtra.
this is a good effort! how can i participate?
just be there on the first day. and register for free.
Is there any possibility that someone could also upload videos of the conference presentations and discussions for those who cannot attend or miss some sessions (especially for those of us who are not in Delhi during that time)?? This is just a request. | 2019-04-21T06:18:37Z | http://humanitiesunderground.org/the-humanities-in-ferment-strategizing-for-our-times-august-16-18-margh-collaborates-with-nmml/ |
The article presents an original technique of CSR performance assessment, approved in the course of research [45 Russian companies]. The offered technique can be used by owners and managers of companies, experts and social policy experts, representatives of authorities and the organized public, engaged in social development at corporate and regional levels.
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, business, social investments, social and economic efficiency, CSR assessment technique.
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On the basis of the category system developed by authors and the carried-out analysis of existing programs of support of innovative projects the generalized hierarchical model of a multicriteria assessment of the innovative potential of the project, allowing, further, to use the formalized methods of a multicriteria assessment and ranging is developed.
Keywords: innovation, innovative potential of the project, system potential, intrasystem potential, all-system potential.
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The article is devoted to the problem of understanding the place of product management in technology companies. The integrated model TechnoMarketing© formed for supporting innovative technological product from concept to market development. The list of product manager organizational actions is made for the stages of innovation product life cycle. The composition of actions is described for understanding the market and consumers in each stage.
Keywords: innovative product, product management, technology, marketing, market.
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2. Blank S., Dorf B. The startup owner’s manual. – K&S Ranch Inc., 2012.
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The article examines the statistical data on Transnational Corporations (TNC) in order to reveal the national affiliation of some of the world largest TNC. The article examines various ratings, for example, foreign assets rating, profit rating, and aggregate market capitalization rating, thus revealing principal countries - leaders stationing TNC. The article defines priority countries according to the allocation of production power in the transnational economy – developing countries are the most transnational of all countries, principal leaders among the largest international corporations.
Keywords: TNC, index of transnationalization, geographic structure, subsidiary companies, TNC ratings, USA, Japan, China, nonfinancial TNC, foreign assets, holding companies, profit, market capitalization.
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We consider the creation of an electronic information system of interaction and cooperation of scientific schools and high technology manufacturing companies for the actual monitoring and identification of priority areas of science, technology and engineering and the list of critical RF technologies to develop proposals for the development of their implementation mechanism, to improve interaction between scientific communities through the implementation of information communication technologies based on modern methods of mathematical modeling and control.
Keywords: public authorities, development priorities of science, technology and engineering in Russia, Information intelligent decision support, information and engineering cluster network monitoring.
1. Novikovа SV, Emaletdinova LY , Maksyutin SA The method of analysis of functioning of housing and communal services sector in the region on the basis of data banks and the clustering method. // Bulletin of the Kazan State Technical University. Kazan Univ KSTU . Tupolev. – 2008. – № 1.
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In the context of Russia’s active integration into the international economy the need to improve the production efficience of Russian enterprises increases. The solution to this problem is the introduction of lean principles in manufacturing interentreprise system. The authors explore the typology of the problems faced by the leading Russian enterprises in the implementation of production systems for the last 5 years and provide recommendations for their prevention.
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8. Liker J., Mayer Praktika Dао Toiota. – SPb.: Piter, 2013. – 336 s.
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The article presents the results of the comprehensive research of formation and implementation of industrial policy in the region. It establishes also the necessity for constructing the industrial profile of regions in the implementation of industrial policy in long-term planning. It also presents some proposals for the improvement of industrial policy management mechanisms in the regions of Russian Federation.
Keywords: regional industrial policy, industrial profile of region, level of industrial development, long-term planning, regional competitiveness, planning of the economy.
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Megacities begin to play a key role in the development of the world community in the context of globalization and inter-regional competition. They become sources of contemporary social, economic, political and cultural trends. This article reveals the role of the Moscow metropolis in the development of other regions, shows how the cooperation of the metropolis with other regions is implemented and evaluated.
Keywords: metropolis, globalization, socio-economic development, interregional cooperation.
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Keywords: the effect of the performance indicators in health, methodological tools to assess the effectiveness.
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The article focuses on the role of fundraising as a function of management in non-profit organizations (NPOs). It describes the main approaches to determining the performance of fundraising in NGOs, using regression analysis the main factors affecting this indicator are identified.
Keywords: nongovernmental nonprofit institutions, third sector, fundraising, impact factors, the professionalization of fundraising.
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In this article the author investigates the modern forms of integrated and diversified growth of the furniture industry companies. The dominant corporate strategies of market leaders are identified.
Keywords: furniture industry, integration, diversification.
1. Zub A.T. Strategicheskii menedgment: teoriya i praktika. – M.: Aspekt Press, 2004.
2. Porter M. Konkurentsiya. - M.: Izdat. dom «Viliams»,2005.
3. Kollis D., Montgomeri S. Korporativnaya strategiya. Resursnii podhod. – M. : ZAO «Olimp-Biznes», 2007.
4. Indikatori innovatsionnoi deyatelnosti: 2013: ststisticheskii sbornik. – M.: Natsionalniy issledovatelskii universitet «Vysshaya shkola ekonomiki», 2013.
The paper describes the main results of the study of the methods in the field of the tourism statistics which are being held since 2002 in the Institute for Social Policy and Social and Economic Programs of the National Research University «Higher School of Economics». The two sources of information concerning tourism are being analyzed including regular statistical observations and tourist surveys in the context of their facilities and limitations. Russia lags behind a lot of countries which held tourist surveys and obtain data concerning the expenditures of tourists which makes possible the evaluation of the tourism industry in GDP. Though instruments of such surveys already exist Rosstat and its regional bodies do not have money to held tourist surveys on a regular mode. The surveys in the collective means of accommodation (2008), in the tourist objects (2009) and on the state borders of Russian Federation (2010) were only pilot surveys and had no continuation. As a result there are lacunas in the statistical provision of the state tourist policy in this country.
Keywords: tourism statistics, regular statistical observation, tourism surveys, activity of visitors.
1. Gel'man V.Ya. «Statistika turizma». M., Izdatel'skii centr «Akademiya», 2010.
2. Karmanova T.E., Kachurova O.V., Maloletko A.N. «Statistika turizma». M., OOO «KioRus», 2012.
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In this article human resources effectiveness in the Russian banking industry is studied. The calculation of return on investment in human capital (HC ROI) is selected as a tool for the analysis of human resources effectiveness. The sample of the research consists of two hundred banks operating Russia. The key source of information needed for HC ROI the calculation is the handbook of credit organizations, published by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Analysis of the calculated indicator demonstrates that HC ROI is less than one, which means that these banks are not effective in human resources management. The results of the research have also confirmed that an average value of HC ROI in the Russian banking industry is less than the average indicator for other Russian sectors as well as in Europe.
Keywords: effectiveness, human resources, return on investment in human capital, banking industry.
3. FitcencYa. Rentabel'nost' investicii v personal.Izmerenie ekonomicheskoi cennosti personala. – M.: Vershina, 2006.
4. Hackney S. Streamlining HR Process to Improve ROI. Financial Executive; Nov 2003; 19, 8; ABI/INFORM Global.
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Under the conditions of an increased rate of diffusion of innovation standard management models do not work. In this situation, the rapid transformation of the production and management process gives the ability to adapt to the ever-changing processes. New trends in the development of modern management include the need for constant innovation, for continuous staff training, the transition from mainly individual instruction to group teaching, allocation of knowledge management in a separate direction, the widespread use of benchmarking, a shift in management action to the side of enhancing properties of employees such as initiative, creativity and a passion for business.
Keywords: management, organization, innovation, competitiveness, globalization.
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10. Sisodia R.S., Vol'f D.B., Shet Dzh. N. Firmy, nesushie lyubov'. Kompanii mirovogo klassa. Kak im udaetsya zavoevyvat' serdca lyudei. M., Balans Biznes Buks, 2011.
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An approach to the assessment of the intellectual potential of engineers and technical workers of industrial enterprises, based on a hierarchy of indicators reflecting the professional and personal qualities of the employee is considered. A classification of the indicators is given and a methodology of assessment for the indicators of different classes is given The possibility of using this system of indicators for the professional selection of specialists related to production needs.
Keywords: intellectual capital intellectual capital, multi-criteria analysis, hierarchical model.
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A comparative analysis of the popularity and demand in the Russian scientific circles of the leading economic publications in Russia. The ranks of the magazines «Management in Russia and abroad» and «Marketing in Russia and abroad» among 331 professional economic publication of the Russian-speaking segment are given. The growth dynamics of the citation of articles published in journal for, the five-year and two-year periods are determined.
The options to improve the performance of citation magazines in the English segment is proposed.
Keywords: Sciense electron library, impact-facktor, Science Index, bibliometry. | 2019-04-25T14:03:08Z | http://mevriz.ru/eng/annotations/2014/5/ |
Had OR Tambo been alive, today we would have gathered in happy gatherings throughout our country to wish him a very happy centenary birthday!
However as we meet today, to mark this centenary, we still wish to convey a heartfelt happy birthday message to Oliver Tambo, our beloved OR and esteemed leader, certain that he will hear our message wherever he is.
Accordingly, today, October 27, 2017 our people, joined by the peoples of the rest of Africa and the world, stand up and say in unison – happy birthday our dear and respected Oliver Tambo, our beloved OR!
However, at the same time as we celebrate a hundredth birthday, we have gathered here today at a time of great stress for OR’s movement, the ANC, and his country, South Africa.
The comments we will make about Oliver Tambo as we celebrate the centenary of his birth will emphasise two matters.
One of these is that periodically the ANC has had to confront and respond to threats which challenged its very existence.
Another is that these threats and the ANC responses have also been related to the development of our country.
This describes what has been somewhat of an umbilical cord between the development of the ANC and the evolution of South Africa.
In this regard I would like to argue that for half-a-century Oliver Tambo stood out as a defining player in terms of the construction of the relationship described by the respective evolutions of the ANC and South Africa.
I have just referred to what I described as threats which challenged the very existence of the ANC.
I am certain that this phenomenon has not been sufficiently canvassed in the public discourse correctly to explain and implant in the public consciousness our historical evolution as a country and people.
I will now mention three of these threats and elaborate on them later in my comments.
By 1940 the ANC was faced with the threat of withering away out of existence, that is, of ceasing to exist, because of neglect by a leadership which was too preoccupied with the pursuit of its individual professional interests.
The new President of the ANC, Dr A.B. Xuma together with his Secretary General, Rev James Calata, worked successfully during the 1940s to resurrect the ANC.
Oliver Tambo played a central role in this process, including as the first Secretary General of the ANC Youth League and later the Secretary General and Deputy President of the ANC.
The ANC resurrected in the 1940s became such a threat to our country’s white minority regime that it was banned in 1960.
As all of us know, there followed a period of extreme repression imposed on our country by the apartheid regime, starting in the 1960s, such that towards the end of that decade the ANC was virtually wiped out as an organised revolutionary formation inside South Africa.
Again as we all know, exactly at the time of the banning of the ANC, its leadership sent its then Deputy President, Oliver Tambo, out of the country, to establish and lead what was described as the External Mission of the ANC.
In the end, as had happened during the 1940s, Oliver Tambo had to play a central role, this time as the leader, to help resurrect an ANC which, again, had almost died, as had been the case in 1940.
The threat to the very existence of the ANC in 1940 had been caused by gross negligence on the part of its leadership. This occurred during a period when broadly this ANC leadership felt that there had been no fundamental change in terms of the character of the reality which had dictated the formation of the ANC in 1912.
The threat to the very existence of the ANC from 1960 emanated from extreme repression by the apartheid regime.
As I have said, Oliver Tambo led the successful process to defeat this new and extremely serious threat to the very existence of the ANC and helped to rebuild the ANC which then proceeded to lead the campaign which led to the democratic victory of 1994.
I argue that we must pay heartfelt tribute to Oliver Tambo for the central contribution he made during the 1940s to help resurrect the ANC from its death bed and position it such that by 1960 it had mobilised the masses of our people to stand out as the strategic and practical opponent which threatened to overthrow the apartheid regime.
Further, I am arguing that we must pay heartfelt tribute to Oliver Tambo for his leadership of the ANC and the rest of the broad liberation movement, such that this movement as a whole recovered from the near destruction brought about by the extreme repression which followed that banning of the ANC in 1960 to lead the process which led to our liberation in 1994.
The ANC is now, during the year of the Centenary of the birth of Oliver Tambo, confronted by yet another threat of destruction.
As all of us know, the ANC is now 105 years old. During the years of its existence it has faced many challenges to its place as the preeminent and historic representative of the oppressed.
These include the challenges posed by the All African Convention in the 1930s, the formation of the PAC in 1959, the birth of such formations within the ANC as the “Gang of Eight” during the 1970s, and the formation of the Black Consciousness Movement again during the 1970s.
The historical reality is that none of these developments succeeded to displace the ANC as what I have described as the preeminent and historic representative of the oppressed.
This is why accordingly, this evening I am not discussing any of these developments, not because I am trying to downplay their significance. Rather, I am trying to focus on the strategic and historic challenges which have threatened the very existence of the ANC during the 105 years of its existence.
In the context of everything I have said, I would now like to make the firm and unequivocal observation that the ANC is now facing the third most serious threat to its very existence of 105 years.
By 1940 the ANC faced the threat of destruction. Members of the ANC successfully intervened to address this threat.
By 1960 the ANC faced yet another threat of destruction. Members of the ANC successfully intervened to address this threat.
By 2017, today, the ANC faces yet another and third historic threat of destruction.
The immense and historic challenge we face is to answer the question – does the ANC have the required members who will successfully intervene to address this new threat to the very survival of the ANC?
The ANC faces this third strategic threat during a period when unfortunately we no longer have Oliver Tambo among us, and therefore the eminent leader who played a decisive role in helping our Movement successfully to defeat the earlier threats which challenged its very survival.
In this regard I would like to argue that the fact of this third threat, and the absolute imperative to defeat it, imposes an obligation on all those who claim to be admirers and supporters of Oliver Tambo practically to act in a manner which lives up to the example which OR set.
Thus would we give practical expression to what is said as a matter of routine at funerals, that the nation must honour the example set by the departed, consistent with the call – long live the spirit of the heroes and heroines who have left us!
In his Oration as the nation laid the mortal remains of Oliver Reginald Tambo to rest, just over 24 years ago on May 2, 1993, Nelson Mandela made a commitment which I believe is binding on all of us.
“Let all of us who live say that while we live, Oliver Tambo will not die!
“May he, for his part, rest in peace.
“Go well, my brother and farewell, dear friend.
“As you directed, we will bring freedom to the oppressed and liberation to the oppressor.
“As you strived, we will restore the dignity of the dehumanised.
“As you commanded, we will defend the option of a peaceful resolution of our problems.
“As you prayed, we will respond to the cries of the wretched of the earth.
“As you loved them, we will, always, stretch out a hand of endearment to those who are your flesh and blood.
I have made the assertion that this commitment by Nelson Mandela is binding on all of us, that “In all this we will not fail you”. Madiba could make this genuine commitment not as a rhetorical flourish but as an affirmation of the very close bond of comradeship and friendship that existed between himself and Oliver Tambo.
Accordingly Nelson Mandela made the commitments he announced during the Oration at OR Tambo’s funeral seriously to convey a solemn message to the nation.
I say this because Nelson Mandela spoke these words because what Oliver Tambo had done during half-a-century of struggle had helped to define the destiny of a better life for all the generations which lived on after he had passed on, without exception.
All this is because Oliver Tambo’s life constitutes both a journey through many phases of the development of South Africa, and the attendant liberation struggle, from the 1940s to the 1990s, and the promise of liberation and the positive benefits this would bring.
Thus Oliver Tambo was among those in the 1940s who, as leaders and members of the ANC Youth League, stood up to say that the then central task of the ANC, as the leader of our national liberation movement, was to activate the masses of our people to engage in mass action to secure their own liberation.
Oliver Tambo served among the leaders and activists who helped to ensure that this vision of mass struggle was actually implemented.
Oliver Tambo served among the leaders and activists who helped our broad movement for national liberation to elaborate and adopt that seminal document, the Freedom Charter, which defined the strategic tasks of the national democratic revolution.
Oliver Tambo served among the leaders and activists who had to ensure the continuation and intensification of the struggle despite the banning of the ANC and the implementation by the apartheid regime of its campaign of extreme repression.
This included the successful inclusion of armed struggle into the strategy of the ANC, which meant ending a period of half-a-century of commitment to non-violent struggle.
Oliver Tambo served among the leaders and activists who foresaw that the all-round liberation struggle for national liberation would oblige the apartheid regime finally to concede to the long-standing demand of the ANC and the rest of the liberation movement for a negotiated end to apartheid and white minority rule, and therefore ensured that the movement prepares for this eventuality.
What all this means is that Oliver Tambo was present, as one of our leaders, at all seminal moments in the evolution of the ANC and our struggle during the fifty years from the 1940s to the 1990s.
Accordingly as we mark the Centenary of his birth we must celebrate the enormous contribution which Oliver Tambo made to the victory of the Democratic Revolution in 1994.
The truth is that when Dr Xuma acceded to the position of President of the ANC in 1940, the organisation was to all intents and purposes dormant and moribund.
As I have said, Dr Xuma then worked very hard, together with Secretary General Rev James Calata, to reconstitute and reactivate the ANC effectively to discharge its responsibility as the voice of the African majority, and made important progress in this regard. It was in this context that Dr Xuma called on the delegates at the 1941 ANC Conference to “pick up the gauntlet” and to “pull our weight”.
In the same 1941 Presidential Address Dr Xuma correctly detailed some of the burning issues which faced the African people at the time.
He then went on to say that “Congress must take steps for representations to be made to the Right Honourable the Prime Minister, Minister of Defence-Field Marshal J. C. Smuts and the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Native Affairs-Colonel Deneys Reitz” on the various burning issues he had identified.
This short history of the ANC I have mentioned is directly related to the vitally important contribution Oliver Tambo made which I have said led to the victory of the Democratic Revolution in 1994.
The successful establishment of the ANC Youth League in 1944 was an important part of the historic process led by the then President and Secretary General of the ANC to resurrect and reactivate the organisation.
It is in this context that the involvement of the then young people in the establishment of the ANC Youth League, among whom was its first Secretary General, Oliver Tambo, assumes its importance.
That importance derives from the fact that it seems obvious that the historic process to resurrect and reactivate the ANC would have been seriously compromised if it had not included the initiative to establish the Youth League as an organ of the ANC charged with the task to mobilise the youth into the struggle.
In this regard I must also mention the important fact that it was also under the Xuma-Calata leadership, in 1948, that the ANC Women’s League was established, to take the place of the Bantu Women’s League which had been established in 1918, led by Charlotte Maxeke.
It is also worth noting that it was only through a decision taken at its 1943 Conference that the ANC allowed women to join it as members!
The importance of the posture adopted by the Youth League concerning the conduct of the struggle was underlined by the conflict which arose later between Dr Xuma and the leadership of the Youth League which was ultimately resolved through the adoption of the 1949 Programme of Action.
As all of us know that conflict centred on the matter of what the resurrected and reactivated ANC should do to achieve the liberation of the oppressed.
Consistent with previous ANC policy and practice, in his 1941 Presidential Address Dr Xuma expressly said that the ANC would petition the then Prime Minister, Jan Smuts, and Minister of Native Affairs, Deneys Reitz, with regard to the demands of the black oppressed.
To the contrary, the Youth League was of the firm view that that those demands could only be achieved through struggle against the oppressor rather than through petitions submitted to that oppressor.
A vitally important part of the position taken by the Youth League was that the posture of struggle on which it insisted would mean and did mean that the resurrected and reactivated ANC would be transformed into a mass organisation capable of mobilising the millions of our people into struggle.
Given the strategic role the mass struggle played in the Democratic Victory and the leading role of the ANC with regard to the achievement of that victory, it is not difficult to understand and appreciate the historic importance of the changes to the ANC which were made in the 1940s.
I refer here to the changes which both resurrected and reactivated the ANC and radically reoriented its approach with regard to the methods it would use to achieve the liberation of the oppressed.
These laid the firm basis in terms of which in the end it was possible to mount a multi-pronged and sustained strategic offensive to defeat the apartheid regime, with the ANC serving as the universally accepted leader of that offensive.
I would now like to mention a few bare biographical facts about Oliver Tambo to highlight his important place among the leadership of the ANC over the half-century I have mentioned.
As I have said, OR was elected as the first Secretary General of the ANC Youth League in 1944. He was then 27 years old.
Three years later, in 1947, aged 30, he became a Member of the National Executive Committee of the ANC.
Six years later, in 1953, he was elected Secretary General of the ANC to replace Walter Sisulu who had been banned.
And five years later, in 1958, when he was only 41 years old, OR was elected Deputy President to our outstanding leader, Nkosi Albert Luthuli.
The ANC sent him, its Deputy President, out of the country in 1960, to head what was then called the External Mission of the Movement. The ANC Conference held in Lobatse, Bechuanaland in 1962 confirmed this decision which had earlier been taken by the NEC.
Unfortunately we lost ANC President Nkosi A.J. Luthuli in 1967, who died in suspect circumstances. OR, then 50 years old, became Acting President of the ANC while continuing as Head of the External Mission.
He was elected President of the ANC at the 1985 ANC Consultative Conference held in Kabwe, Zambia.
Regrettably OR suffered from a stroke in 1989 which severely limited his capacity to continue fully to play his leadership role.
He handed over the Presidency of the ANC to Nelson Mandela when the latter was elected to this position at the 1991 National Conference of the ANC.
That same Conference elected OR to the position of National Chairperson of the ANC, a position he held until he unfortunately passed away in 1993.
Before I started mentioning this short political biography of Oliver Tambo I had said that the changes effected during the 1940s by the ANC leadership, which included OR, ultimately created the possibility for the liberation movement to mount a multi-pronged and sustained strategic offensive to defeat the apartheid regime, with the ANC serving as the universally accepted leader of that offensive.
As all of us know, the ANC identified the prongs, what it described as the four pillars of that strategy as mass struggle, the international isolation of the apartheid system, ANC underground work and the armed struggle.
All these were important parts of the sustained general offensive which resulted in the ultimate defeat of the apartheid regime.
Each of the pillars I have mentioned constituted a complex process with regard both to identifying the specific tasks that had to be implemented, which had to change as circumstances changed, and ensuring the actual implementation of these evolving tasks.
Oliver Tambo played a central role with regard to the development of each and all these pillars, all of which rested on the strategic base established by the changes to the ANC effected in the 1940s in whose elaboration and implementation, as I have said, OR was a central actor.
As we all know, the ANC leadership took what proved to be a critically important decision when, as we said earlier, it sent its then Deputy President, Oliver Tambo, out of the country to head the External Mission.
This was at the beginning of a period of extreme repression which after some time, and for some time, virtually decimated the structures of the ANC within our country and made it impossible for it fully to discharge its responsibilities within the country as a direct leader of the liberation movement.
This period included the arrest, assassination and imprisonment of virtually the entirety of the most significant echelons of the leadership of the ANC and related formations.
This elevated the importance of what had been intended to serve only as the External Mission of the ANC, placing an obligation on the External Mission in fact to serve as the Headquarters and guiding body of the ANC as a whole.
Effectively this positioned OR as the leader of the ANC, the primus inter pares, for more than a quarter-of-a-century which proved to be the then most difficult period in the history of the ANC.
He ultimately came to enjoy the unqualified respect of all sections of the ANC at home and abroad, and the related Mass Democratic Movement.
At the same time, the overwhelming majority in the rest of the world, starting from the rest of Africa, recognised him as a legitimate representative and spokesperson of the oppressed majority in our country.
I am saying that as we mark the Centenary of Oliver Tambo’s birth, we must pay unreserved tribute to him for his vital contribution to the benchmark achievements of the ANC and the broad liberation movement over many decades.
- the preparations the ANC undertook to ensure that it was properly equipped to engage in a new field of struggle – that is, negotiations with the apartheid regime!
I am insisting that with regard to all these strategic interventions, which made the 1994 Democratic Victory possible, we had Oliver Tambo as a decisive, leading and defining player.
For this reason, today, as we mark the Centenary of ORs birth, I have no hesitation to convey my heartfelt view that it is to Oliver Tambo, OR, that we should bestow the title – Father of South Africa’s Democracy!
It was not possible that Oliver Tambo could achieve what he did as a leader of the ANC, as I have tried to indicate, unless he had the personal capacity and attributes in this regard.
I was very fortunate that for almost two decades I was privileged to work quite closely with Oliver Tambo within the structures of the ANC. This gave me some understanding of the character of this eminent patriot and leader of our people.
I am honoured to use this understanding to help us properly to celebrate the Centenary of the birthday of Oliver Tambo, and therefore pay tribute to him as one of our most eminent heroes and peoples’ representative.
I cite these remarks by A.B. Xuma because as we mark the Centenary of the birth of Oliver Tambo I believe that all our people should understand that OR became the leader of the South African oppressed, and more, accepted by all, at home and abroad, because of particular attributes.
Never would he depart from any action which would violate these two principles – that is loyalty to the ANC and its values and commitment to pursue the genuine interests of the people.
This makes the correct point that Oliver Tambo was a principled person.
Accordingly all of us knew that in all our interactions with OR, we had to honour the principles and practices always to tell the truth, to respect the principle of honesty, to exercise our right to state our views, to behave according to the agreed rules in terms of our membership of the ANC, and never to promote whatever might be our personal interests by telling lies or engaging in subterfuge.
In addition to all this we also knew that OR had other personal attributes which made all of us very happy that he had surrendered himself to serve our Movement, the ANC, the struggle, and the people as a whole.
This related to the fact that he had a very sharp intellect!
As he grew up he had demonstrated outstanding competence in the natural sciences, including mathematics, physics and chemistry, and taught these subjects.
Nevertheless, he also had the necessary knowledge to engage in debates which discussed issues relevant to social science.
He also acquired the necessary qualifications to practice as a lawyer who could and would appear in our Courts especially to defend our people against the ravages of the apartheid system.
As a leader of the External Mission of the ANC, among others he demonstrated his leadership as an activist for the development of the arts, in all their forms, including as expressed in the music in which he was especially interested.
The sharp intellect he showed made him a great strategist and master tactician in terms of the conduct of the liberation struggle over the many decades I have mentioned.
He demonstrated that immense capacity in matters of strategy for instance when he persuaded our Movement to prepare for negotiations and defining the democratic South Africa through these negotiations even as he led the same Movement in its efforts to intensify its offensive to overthrow the oppressor regime.
To put this matter more generally, OR understood that the very advances we achieved through struggle would result in producing a qualitatively new situation presenting us with the task to have to respond to the challenges posed by our own victories.
All this means that at all times OR did everything to ensure that our Movement never lost sight of the strategic goals it had to achieve at all stages of our struggle.
I would also suggest that for us to gain an excellent grasp of OR’s capacity as a master tactician of our struggle everybody should study the January 8th ANC Anniversary Statements he presented during the years 1979 – 1989.
We would see that the comments and proposals in these Statements constitute a virtual catalogue of the evolution of our struggle in all its four pillars, demonstrating the capacity properly to understand the objective situation and respond to that situation correctly and on time.
It is a matter of common cause that OR succeeded to lead the ANC both to recover from the heavy blows it suffered during the post-1960 period of extreme repression and to resume its legal existence from 1990 as a united organisation.
- a shared commitment among all members of the Movement to work with one another as Comrades, fully understanding that the realisation of the common goal of achieving national liberation and building a democratic, non-racial and non-sexist South Africa required that these Comrades must act together as one united Movement.
What also contributed greatly to that unity was the manner in which OR conducted the internal discussions within the ANC. He would always listen to and respect all opinions expressed and then state his own view in a manner which would assure all participants that their views had been taken into account. This helped enormously to inspire a spirit of inclusivity among the members and a sense of common ownership of everything to do with the Movement and the struggle.
I must also mention that OR was a convinced Pan-Africanist. This helped further to entrench this outlook throughout the ranks of the ANC and contributed in no small measure to the development of the attitude among millions throughout our Continent that the struggle to defeat the apartheid system was as much ours as it was theirs.
It is in this context that I am certain that the important matter of the renaissance of our Continent must occupy significant space on our agenda.
Earlier I said that the ANC now faces the third threat of destruction since its foundation almost 106 years ago. This time that threat emanates from acts of commission originating from within the ANC itself.
As we all know, the ANC gained access to state power from 1994 onwards. It was inevitable that this would happen because of the place which the ANC occupied in the hearts and minds of the majority of our people as their true representative.
However the challenge which arose with this access to state power was and is that it could be abused, was and is being abused for purposes of self-enrichment. This means that the ANC contains within its ranks people who are absolutely contemptuous of the most fundamental values of the ANC, at whose centre is a commitment selflessly to serve the people.
These are people who only see the ANC as a step-ladder to enable them to access state power for the express purpose of using that access for self-enrichment.
By definition these are people who are card-carrying members of the ANC, our national governing party since 1994, but who have completely repudiated the value system which inspired Oliver Tambo throughout his life.
Part of the national tragedy in this regard is that the ANC recognised the emergence of this immensely negative phenomenon quite early after 1994.
“One of these negative features is the emergence of careerism within our ranks. Many among our members see their membership of the ANC as a means to advance their personal ambitions to attain positions of power and access to resources for their own individual gratification.
“During this period, we have also been faced with various instances of corruption involving our own members, including those who occupy positions of authority by virtue of the victory of the democratic revolution.
The fact of the matter is that during the last two decades the ANC has failed to do the two things which Nelson Mandela mentioned in 1997 – to purge itself of the mercenaries who had joined its ranks and to make it difficult for such elements to join the Movement.
This failure surely means that inevitably the negative situation which Nelson Mandela decried would get worse, as was attested to by ANC Secretary General Mantashe in July.
The numbers of those who see the ANC as but a mere tool to access political power and corruptly acquired wealth would increase. In the end it was inevitable that this would result in the transformation of quantity into quality, in this way.
What was and was seen to be abnormal twenty years ago, in 1997, would become the norm by 2017, hence the observation made by Secretary General Mantashe concerning ‘fights for deployment among ANC members, as if there is no tomorrow’.
This means that the historic value system of the ANC has become so corrupted that its replacement, that is unprincipled access to political power and the related corrupt self-enrichment has in fact become the norm within the organisation.
It is this reality which has led to the universal scramble for deployment, ‘as if there is no tomorrow’, and indeed the repugnant phenomenon of the murders of and among municipal councillors so prevalent but not only in KwaZulu-Natal, a matter which is currently being investigated in that Province by the Moerane Commission.
Necessarily and logically the qualitative change I have mentioned, arising from the failure to defeat the process of the increase in the numbers of those who remained in the ranks of the ANC for selfish and corrupt reasons as described by Nelson Mandela, would in the end also affect the composition and quality of the very leadership of the Movement.
It is therefore perfectly obvious that what has happened is that there has been an institutional ascendance to a position of dominance or major influence at all levels of leadership in the ANC of exactly the negative elements whom Nelson Mandela urged the ANC to defeat.
I am therefore arguing that the transformation of quantity into quality has resulted in the entrenchment within the ANC of a rapacious and predatory value system and the ascendance to positions of authority or major influence in the leadership structures of the ANC of people who are both the product and expression of that rapacious and predatory value system.
I will now cite just one example to illustrate the qualitative change I have been talking about.
The 1997 Mahikeng ANC National Conference took an important decision that those who are elected to leadership positions in the ANC should be ready to discharge their responsibilities in that regard, with no expectation that their positions in the ANC entitled them to positions in government.
It was therefore decided that ANC candidates for the position of Provincial Premier should be selected in the same manner as the National Ministers with no requirement that the Provincial Chair of the ANC would necessarily become the Premier.
In the run-up to the 2007 Polokwane ANC national Conference, a spurious argument emerged within the ANC about a non-existent problem of ‘two centres of power’, so-called.
As a result of this the Polokwane Conference took the diametrically opposed position to the Mahikeng Conference. It now said, instead, that any person elected as President of the ANC would be the ANC candidate for the position of President of the Republic.
This also meant that the Provincial Chair of the ANC would be the Provincial Premier.
This unfortunate decision meant that formally the ANC took the decision that occupation of senior positions in the ANC was the guaranteed route of access to state power, exactly the kind of understanding which the Movement had sought to discourage among the membership as a whole.
The negative situation I have sought to describe, according to which the ANC, particularly as a governing party, allows itself to behave according to a rapacious value system of conscious abuse of state power for corrupt self-enrichment and permits itself to be influenced by a leadership informed by that value system, necessarily produces certain systemic consequences.
- virtual abandonment of the historic Pan-Africanist perspective of the ANC.
To emphasise how dangerous these inevitable outcomes are, I can well imagine how much those are now rejoicing who were the diehards who belong to the apartheid system and who never fully accepted that ours should become a non-racial democracy.
I have sought to suggest that the negative situation currently affecting and characterising the ANC will, unless it is addressed correctly and immediately, sooner rather than later result in the destruction of the ANC.
It would therefore seem that those who remain genuine members of the ANC, honestly committed to its historic value system centred on selfless service to the people, should take the necessary steps to change the self-destructive course on which the Movement has embarked, which, among others, has lost the ANC much support as demonstrated in the successive national, provincial and local government elections since 2009 to date.
As the first step these members of the ANC must genuinely accept that the Movement is immersed in a deep crisis and then proceed to characterise the source and nature of the problem, as Oliver Tambo did, which twice saved the ANC from destruction, understanding that without a correct diagnosis, there can be no effective and successful cure.
In this regard I believe that the ANC policy document, “Through the Eye of a Needle”, the ANC Oath which is in its Constitution, the values stated by A.B. Xuma and accepted and implemented by Oliver Tambo and the others since the 1940s, and the conduct of lifestyle audits would help to determine exactly who is a genuine member of the ANC.
I would also suggest that these members should conduct an open and honest assessment of the damage that has been done as the ANC allowed itself to fall under the influence of the rapacious value system and leadership I have mentioned, and decide on measures that must be taken to address this damage.
In this context the ANC members to whom I have referred must come back to the matter of redefining or restating the current strategic goals it faces, which I am certain would include the eradication of poverty, the eradication of inequality, the strengthening of the democratic state and African renewal.
Here I am not talking about drawing up some wish list and pretend that this is the kind of programme that is required.
I am talking about the setting of strategic goals and indicating the realistic measures which would be adopted to achieve the set objectives, following on the footsteps of what I said about OR uniting the Movement around agreed and clear goals.
I am making all these suggestions about what genuine members of the ANC should do out of respect for the fact that OR never merely sought to interpret our situation but always worked to change it.
As all of us have sought to celebrate the Centenary of his birth, we have shouted slogans such as – Long live the spirit of Oliver Tambo! Some among us, again out of respect for OR, have even gone so far as to claim that they know how he would respond to some specific current situation or event.
- reasserting in practical ways the principle and practice that we share a common destiny with our fellow Africans, including those in the African Diaspora.
I am convinced that if especially the generations currently in the ANC did all this, walking in the footsteps of Oliver Tambo, they help to achieve the historic goal of rescuing the ANC from destruction, as did Oliver Tambo in his day.
History will answer the question unequivocally whether we had the courage to live up to the extraordinary legacy which Oliver Tambo left behind! | 2019-04-19T06:25:30Z | http://politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-anc-has-become-wholly-corrupted--thabo-mbeki |
Surgical mesh can reinforce damaged biological structures in operations for genital organ prolapse. When a method is new, scientific information is often contradictory. Individual surgeons may accept different observations as useful, resulting in conflicting treatment strategies. Additional scientific information should lead to increasing convergence.
Based on data from the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery, all patients who underwent their first recurrent anterior compartment prolapse operation between 2006 and 2017 were included (2758 patients). Surgical mesh was used in 56.5%. We analyzed inter-county disparities in and patterns of mesh use over 12 years. To minimize confounding, we selected a group of highly comparable patients where similar decision patterns could be expected.
The use of mesh differed between counties by a factor of 11 (8.6–95.3%). Counties with low use of mesh continued with low use and counties with high use continued with high use.
Decisions regarding how to interpret existing scientific information about mesh implants in the early years of mesh use have led to “communities of practice” highly influenced by geographical factors. For 12 years, these groups have made disparate decisions and upheld them without measurable change toward consensus. The scientific learning process has stopped—despite the abundance of new publications and the steady supply of new types of mesh. Ongoing disparity in surgeons’ choices in comparable patients has an adverse effect on clinical care. For the patient, this represents 12 years of a geographical lottery concerning whether mesh is used or not.
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is common in women. Approximately 12% of women undergo an operation for prolapse [1, 2, 3], and high rates of recurrence in the range of 30–40% have been reported [4, 5]. To provide additional support for weakened or damaged biological tissue, special surgical meshes have been designed and have been in use since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first mesh products in 2002 . In contrast to the stringent requirements and formalized approaches for development of pharmaceuticals, there has never been a systematic scientific premarketing evaluation of mesh products. Faced with this situation, every surgeon individually has to investigate and validate available scientific information and accept the information gleaned as "current best knowledge." Consequently, treatment of POP with mesh remains controversial, and the decision when to use mesh is an unresolved challenge for gynecological surgeons and patients . In 2011, the FDA released an update regarding the use of transvaginal surgical mesh, including a warning because of “serious safety and effectiveness concerns” .
A recent article investigated 684,250 POP procedures performed in 2012 in 15 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries including Sweden. The article shows an extraordinary lack of uniformity across these 15 countries, with the median rate of surgical mesh utilization in the anterior compartment differing by a factor of 7.9 (range 3.3–26%) and in the posterior compartment by a factor of 5.3 (range 3.3–17.0%).
Monitoring results in prolapse surgery, the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery (GynOp) has seen an even larger continuing disparity in mesh use in Sweden.
The optimal rate of mesh use cannot be both low and high at the same time. A large and persisting geographical disparity in mesh use in comparable patient groups will affect clinical care negatively.
The aim of this article is: (1) to describe the geographical disparity over 12 years in the use of surgical mesh in operations for POP in Sweden; (2) to chart changes in patterns of Swedish gynecological surgeons’ mesh use over time.
The GynOp register includes all major gynecological operations performed in Sweden. Since 2006, GynOp has registered prolapse operations in detail on a national scale, including a 1-year follow-up of patients. Today, the register contains complete information on more than 56,000 prolapse procedures . All patients are included in the register when a urogynecological procedure is decided. Yearly comparisons with the Swedish National Patient Register (where all Swedish surgical procedures are registered by law) shows that the GynOp coverage of Swedish prolapse operations from 2006 to 2008 has been around 75% and since 2009 it has continuously been > 95%. The data collection process includes both surgeon and patient-derived data up to 1-year post-operation [10, 11, 12]. Data completeness regarding the use of mesh reported by the surgeons has been 100%. The GynOp registry provides all Swedish gynecological surgeons with yearly reports that include detailed information about the use of mesh in all types of prolapse surgery.
The Swedish hospital system is primarily organized at a county level. Swedish counties are fairly independent political units responsible for all health services within their boundaries . Public hospitals are owned by the counties and financed by county taxes. There are a few private clinics that specialize primarily in elective surgery. These clinics are contracted to county councils and reimbursed by them for operations they perform on Swedish patients as all Swedes are covered under the national health system.
In an effort to make the hospital system more efficient, some counties have supported specialization in some hospitals, so differences in use of mesh at a hospital level may in some cases have organizational rather than medical reasons.
The GynOp register shows that practically all (98.2%) patients who undergo a prolapse operation are operated on in the county they live in. This makes county results useful and robust as parameters for analysis of changes in mesh use. Based on this fact, we hypothesized that the proportion of POP operations with mesh county-wise, stratified by years, expresses the particular mesh policy for a particular year.
The basic data used in this study include all POP operations registered prospectively and consecutively in GynOp from 1 January 2006 to 29 August 2017—in all, 56,120 operations. Patients with simultaneous operations for incontinence were not included. To minimize confounding, we selected a cohort in which the use of mesh was an accepted alternative and whose patients were so comparable that similar mesh decisions could be expected for them.
We included only (1) patients who underwent only operations in the anterior compartment (anterior colporrhaphy). This is the most common operation in prolapse surgery and has a moderate level of difficulty. Patients with concomitant POP or non-POP operations were excluded. Additionally, (2) only healthy patients were included in the study (American Society of Anesthesiologists’ classification system for patients’ preoperative physical status, group one or two) . Moreover, (3) all selected patients had a normal non-descended uterus. Since it can be argued that primary and recurrent POP operations represent different non-comparable patient groups, we (4) analyzed only patients undergoing their first recurrent operation, where the use of mesh is a generally accepted option; 96.7% of these patients had previously undergone “native tissue repair” operations and 3.3% had received a mesh.
We excluded four small counties and/or counties with low activity regarding POP surgery that reported fewer than 50 recurrent operations each (in total, 103 patients). This rigorous selection process resulted in a study group of 2758 eligible patients with recurrent POP surgery in the anterior compartment, operated on by 467 Swedish gynecological surgeons in 52 gynecological departments in 17 counties over 12 years where surgical mesh was used in 1559 patients (56.5%). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
The GynOp register was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden (Dnr 04–107). This study and the use of data from the register were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Umeå (Dnr 08–076 M).
The use of mesh in Sweden in operations for recurrent POP in the anterior compartment from 2006 to 2017 is shown in Fig. 1. At the national level, there was an increase in mesh use from 2006 to 2009 followed by a stable period, 2010–2012, at around 66% use. From 2013 (2 years after the FDA warning), there was a significant decrease (p = 0.000) to a new stable level of around 47%.
At a county level, however, the use of mesh varied significantly, with a range of 8.6–95.3%. Figure 2 shows aggregated proportions of mesh use of the 17 counties over the entire period studied. To examine possible concealed changes over time, we performed a yearly ranking of counties’ mesh use where 1 = the lowest yearly county rank in mesh use and 17 = the highest yearly county rank. Figure 3 shows the mean rank of the 17 Swedish counties from 2010 to 2017; it indicates that the ranking in mesh use has been fairly stable over time. We performed a logistic regression of decision to use mesh, with the year of procedure, county, and interaction between year and county as explanatory variables. This analysis showed that the interaction effect was insignificant (p = 0.732), but the main effects year (p = 0.000) and county (p = 0.000) were both significant, with a Nagelkerke R-square of 0.207. This substantiates that the use of mesh in the individual Swedish counties was independent of the year of surgery.
The patient pool was practically identical across the Swedish counties concerning age, body mass index (BMI), and number of births. The size of the prolapse, however, varied substantially among the counties (Table 1). To facilitate the evaluation, we here express the size of the prolapse as the distance from the lowest point of the prolapse to the hymen. Mean prolapse in the different counties ranged from 0.03 cm inside to 2.52 cm outside the hymen. A test of the relationship between prolapse size and mesh use was insignificant (p = 0.236). The different counties clearly had different strategies for deciding to perform the procedure with respect to the size of the prolapse, but this had no bearing on their propensity to use mesh. Differences in mesh use were not attributable to patient characteristics.
In this study, we analyzed 2758 consecutive POP operations over 12 years in comparable patients undergoing their first recurrent POP surgery in the anterior compartment. The strength of this material is its size and completeness. A weakness of non-randomized studies like ours is the risk of confounding because prolapse operations have many levels of difficulty, ranging from simple procedures in day surgery to very advanced operations with unsolved reconstructive problems. We tried to compensate for this by strict selection, resulting in a group of highly comparable patients, thus avoiding confounding by special anatomical or technical/operative necessities and enabling us to evaluate surgeons’ decision making.
At the national level, the use of mesh for recurrent cystocele has been fairly stable, giving an illusion of a certain consensus: in 2006–2009 (which can be interpreted as the learning period), there was a stepwise increase in mesh use followed by two stable rates of around 66% from 2009 to 2012 and around 47% from 2013 onwards.
Among the Swedish counties, however, the use of mesh differed by a factor of 11 (range 8.6–95.3%) in our observation period. The decision-making patterns in the individual counties remained the same from 2006 to 2017: Counties with low use of mesh kept having low use and counties with high use continued high use through all 12 years. The FDA warning led to a general decrease in mesh application, but the divergent pattern of mesh use prevailed.
Evidence-based decision making is one of the core values of any health care organization, and the choice between different treatment options is assumed to be a rational process. Based on this principle, the greater the amount of valid scientific information physicians receive, the more structured their beliefs should become and the more convergence it is reasonable to expect in their decision-making patterns when treating comparable patients [15, 16, 17].
A decade ago, when decisions regarding mesh use were hampered by limited evidence, different surgeons drew different conclusions from the available information. This has led to clear “communities of practice” at the county level regarding interpretation of existing scientific information about the effectiveness of mesh.
In the last decade, the amount of scientific information on the use of mesh in POP has increased enormously. A PubMed search for “(Pelvic organ prolapse AND (mesh OR implant))” in July 2018 yielded more than 2200 articles on the subject. A Cochrane review on transvaginal mesh compared with native tissue repair analyzed 37 randomized controlled trials of the intervention .
Since 2006, GynOp has distributed annual quality reports to all Swedish gynecological surgeons. The results are stratified according to the regional, county, and hospital level; consequently, the differences among counties are well known to the surgeons. Still, unaltered through 12 years, these groups have made mesh decisions in a clearly biased fashion, highly influenced by geographical factors, with unchanged disparity and with no measurable change toward consensus in the treatment of recurrent cystocele. It is not within the scope of this article to argue whether the use of mesh should be low or high. However, when the application of mesh ranges from 8.6 to > 95% in treatment of the same condition in comparable patients, the greater part of the underlying decisions must be suboptimal; the surgeons just cannot agree on which part.
The fact that Swedish surgeons’ decision-making patterns have remained unchanged, despite mounting information on the conditions under which mesh is useful or not, suggests that Swedish surgeons’ decisions may be attributable to two factors: (1) The available scientific information may not qualify, or be interpreted, as evidence and/or (2) surgeons may read scientific information selectively. In the case of POP surgery, where surgeons have worked on patients and drawn their own conclusions regarding the conditions under which mesh is useful or not, this may make them susceptible to favoring information that supports their own prior hypotheses. Whether one or a combination of both of the above factors is the underlying reason, the result is disturbing and unsettling.
A large disparity in surgeons’ decisions can be stimulating. It is an indication that there is potential for improvement and can be seen as a challenge to communicate and learn from each other. However, Swedish surgeons have maintained their contradictory positions for more than a decade with unchanged disparity. This indicates that the necessary scientific communication and learning process has stopped—despite the abundance of publications and the steady supply of new types of mesh to replace withdrawn ones .
For surgeons, this shows an astonishing mismatch between learning needs and learning readiness.
For patients, this represents 12 years of a geographical lottery concerning whether mesh is used or not.
The extraordinary disparity in mesh use between 15 OECD countries, shown in a 2012 survey, indicates that this is by no means a Swedish problem alone, but an international challenge .
To invigorate the surgical learning process, it seems prudent to question the apparently biased ways we glean evidence from the available information.
A sensible way forward would be to focus on increased communication across established consensus groups to enhance awareness of and curiosity about different solutions, increase willingness to learn from each other, and view differences as a possibility to learn and not a chance to dominate. In Sweden, this communication would need to take place between counties—in the OECD, between member countries.
The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions supported the collection of data in the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery. The supporters had no role in the conduct of the study; management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
American Food and Drug Administration. Alerts and notices: medical devices. 2002. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/UCM262760.pdf. Accessed 19 Sept 2017.
GynOp. “about the register”. 2018. http://www.gynop.org/english/about/about.htm. Accessed 31 Jan 2018. | 2019-04-25T03:46:17Z | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00192-018-3788-y |
To celebrate the release of the How Not to Die Cookbook I thought it would be interesting review some of Dr Greger’s recipes to see how they stack up nutritionally.
Firstly, I’ve got to give kudos on the layout. Rather than wait for a hard copy to ship to Australia, I bought my copy on Apple iBooks and was impressed at how you could interactively explode the ingredients list to full screen on my phone.
This feature would be invaluable when actually using the book in the kitchen, especially on a phone where showing a full page of small text on a screen is impractical, and all you want to see is the ingredients from a distance.
The recipes in the How Not to Die Cookbook are full of nutritious minimally processed whole food, which is a win for me.
There are heaps of colour on the pages, which is indicative of the range of vitamins and minerals present in these minimally processed foods.
In the introduction, Dr Greger makes the critical distinction between a vegetarian diet (which could be filled with highly processed grains and sugars) and minimally processed plant-based whole foods.
Most of the issues with nutrition come when we overly process our food and make it shelf stable for increased profit margins. Some of the recipes in the How Not To Die Cookbook call for some whole wheat bread, pasta, date sugar and the like, but generlaly, the recipes rely on minimally processed whole foods.
If you want quick and easy, this may not be the book for you. Although there are headings of ‘easy’ and ‘moderate’ on the recipes, most of the recipes have a significant number of ingredients, including a range of herbs and spices.
You may have to gear up your kitchen with a range of new ingredients if you are not already following this way of eating. However, for the experienced WFPB enthusiast who wants to add some flair and variety to their diet and dinner parties, this book is ideal.
In spite of being the Director of Public Health and Animal Agriculture for the Humane Society by day, Dr Greger doesn’t overtly focus on being vegan or vegetarian in the book.
Unlike many others in this field, he doesn’t lead with animal welfare as the primary basis for his dietary appraoch. In the introduction to the cookbook, he talks about his personal experience of seeing his grandmother’s life turned around by this way, under the guidance of Nathan Pritikin (pictured below).
Greger is a self-confessed “nutrition nerd” who appears to find genuine excitement in unpacking the research to find links between different aspects of diet and their impact on health. His Nutrition Facts YouTube channel has become viral and has become the primary resource for pre-processed nutritional inspiration for many.
Nutrition is still an emerging science. We seem to still be fumbling trying to understand the mechanisms, the cause and effect relationships of the food we eat on our health, well-being and longevity.
To deal with complexities of a topic like nutrition, we adopt a simplified frame of reference to help us navigate our reality without our mind exploding. These simplified frames of reference are never perfect. It’s also hard one frame of reference that explains everything perfectly. Over time we strive to create new and more useful frames of reference that suits use best.
The Paleo frame of reference says we should eat foods that we evolved with.
The vegan frame of reference says we should eat foods that don’t harm other sentient life forms.
The cost frame of reference optimises for the lowest cost per calorie with minimal consideration of nutrition.
The Heart Association frame of reference believes that minimising fat, especially saturated fat, will help us avoid heart disease.
The conservationist frame of reference tries to eat in a way that we should eat in a way the minimise our impact on the environment.
The Seventh Day Adventist Church (who have a large influence through their food companies and medical evangelism) believe that they should eat plants and herbs (and not meat) because that’s how it was in the Garden of Eden.
The low carb/keto frame of reference suggests that minimising carbohydrates and maximising fat will lead to optimum health for most people.
As a doctor, Dr Greger relies on the medical research frame of reference. He draws associations between different food properties and health outcomes and tries to develop a system that avoids the qualities of food that he believes to be dangerous.
While some people suggest that Greger cherry picks the studies and interprets the data to fit his plant-based perspective, the research-based frame of reference is at least a refreshing contrast to the fear-based frame of reference in more militant vegan presentations (e.g. What the Health and Cowspiracy).
While I don’t call myself a Nutritarian, my frame of reference has a lot in common with Dr Joel Fuhrman’s focus on nutrient density.
Rather than focusing on foods to avoid I think we need to focus on foods that contain the nutrients we need. By focusing on the things we need we automatically eliminate the things that aren’t good for us in excess. Ultimately, I think we should focus on eating the foods that give us the nutrients without having to ingest too much energy to get those nutrients.
Dr Mat Lalonde’s take on nutrient density has also been a major inspiration. Lalonde took Fuhrman’s ANDI and re-ran the analysis to consider only essential vitamins, vitamins, amino acids and essential fatty acids for which there are widely available data and some consensus on the minimum nutrient intakes.
The problem with Lalonde’s approach, though, is that amino acids are very easy to find in our food system, so the system ends up optimising for very high protein foods at the expensive of vitamins and minerals which can be harder to obtain in our food system.
Dr Greger is also a big fan of nutrient density as shown in this NutritionFacts.org video.
Rather than emphasising all nutrients, the Nutrient Optimiser algorithm identifies the nutrients that you are not getting in large quantities and identifies foods that will boost those nutrients.
If you want to follow a particular dietary template (e.g. vegan, paleo, ketogenic, low carb, whole food plant based, pescetarian, vegetarian, bivalve vegan etc) the Nutrient Optimiser algorithm can work within those parameters to identify the most nutrient-dense foods. However, the optimal nutritional outcome tends to be to simply focus on the most nutrient-dense foods available.
As the husband of someone who has had type 1 diabetes for three decades, I also see the importance of eating food that doesn’t require massive amounts of insulin to maintain normal healthy blood sugar levels.
There is value in managing dietary insulin load to make sure you don’t need massive levels of insulin to stabilise your blood sugar. The food insulin index data shows us that our glucose response is proportional to the carbohydrate we eat.
While our insulin response is related to the non-fibre carbohydrates minus about half the fibre.
And lastly, energy density can be a useful tool to help you moderate your food intake.
This is another area where the WFPB approach shines in contrast to the low carb or ketogenic approaches, which can be energy dense and make it possible to overeat.
Without the use of added oils or a significant amount of processed grains and sugars, it will be practically impossible to overeat using only the meals set out in the How Not to Die Cookbook.
I chose representative meals from the various sections of the book. If you click on the recipes listed below, you will see the meal entries in Cronometer. If you want the photos and directions, you’ll have to buy the book).
The figure below shows the nutrient profile of Dr Greger’s recipes in terms of nutrients provided as a proportion of the recommended daily intake.
As you might expect, we get a ton of vitamin K1, vitamin A and vitamin C. However, at the top of the chart, we’re not meeting the DRI levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12.
The Nutrient Score is a relative comparison of the quantity of essential nutrients in our food.
If your diet provides twice the minimum level of nutrients, then we would achieve a perfect score of 100%. This approach doesn’t reward massive amount of a small number of nutrients, but rather leads people to rebalance their diet so they can obtain a substantial intake of all the essential nutrients.
In his Perfect Health Diet, Paul Jaminet notes that “a nourishing, balanced diet that provides all the required nutrients in the right proportions is the key to eliminating hunger and minimising appetite and eliminating hunger at minimal caloric intake.” Similarly, studies by Dr Joel Fuhrman indicate that a nutrient dense diet will reduce cravings and provide satiety with a lower energy intake.
Overall, the recipes from the How Not to Die Cookbook get a respectable Nutrient Density Score of a score of 79%. For comparison, the lowest Nutrient Density score is 20% while the highest score to date has been 92%.
The macronutrient split of the recipes is shown in the chart below. While these foods are 70% carbohydrates, there are only 54% non-fibre carbohydrates once we subtract the fibre.
As shown in the chart below of nutrient density score vs non-fibre carbohydrates (see this article for more detail), we can get a reasonable amount of nutrition with net carbs anywhere in the range of 0 to around 60%. So, while not optimal, this level of non-carbohydrates in Dr Greger’s meals is not excessive for most people. However if you already have diabetes it will likely not provide optimal blood sugar control.
Similarly with fat at 14%, we’re still within an acceptable macronutrient range, although optimal nutrient density seems to align with around 40% fat.
For the sake of analysis, I have run the Nutrient Optimiser report for a male who is 80 kg (176 lbs) with 15% body fat to achieve a maintenance energy intake of 2000 calories per day. Dr Greger’s recipes provide on average 84 g of protein per day which equates to 1.2 g/kg lean body mass (LBM) or 1.05 g/kg total body mass per day.
Optimal protein is a contentious topic. However, we can say that the intake level provided by Dr Gregor’s meals would exceed the Adequate Intake level of 0.86 g/kg and is about equivalent to the recommended daily intake.
Where things get murky is when we talk about the bioavailability of plant-based protein versus animal protein; however, Dr Gregor generally appears more concerned about not getting too much “animal protein” for longevity considerations.
I’m not aware of any research in humans that demonstrates that we live longer by reducing protein intake. There is research in yeast and worm that shows that energy restriction and protein restriction causes slower growth and overall longevity, though the quality of life may be compromised.
What appears clear is that having more lean muscle mass and lower levels of body fat is a good thing.
To optimise your health and longevity you need to find the balance between excess growth and obesity versus being too frail and weak to be resilient as we age.
If you are lifting heavy and trying to build muscle, you may benefit from consuming at least 1.8g/kg total body weight.
And if you are dieting and trying to lose body fat, then it seems to be beneficial to have anywhere between 1.4g/kg total body weight (for a moderate energy deficit) and up to 2.6g/kg body weight (for a very aggressive energy deficit) if you want to preserve your lean muscle mass.
Insulin load is the amount of the food in your diet that will require insulin to process due to the non-fibre carbs and protein. This video from Dr Greger was one of the things that got me thinking about insulin load there three years ago and trying to put the pieces to.
While having plenty of vitamins and minerals (particularly potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium) from whole foods helps to improve blood sugar control by improving insulin sensitivity, so does lower levels of processed carbohydrates that tend to raise blood sugar levels.
Dr Greger’s diet would provide an insulin load of around 341g per day with 67% insulinogenic calories. For those of you that are used to thinking in terms of carbohydrates, this is 294g per day of non-fibre carbohydrates.
Insulin load is actually quite closely correlated with nutrient density. While 67% insulinogenic calories is just inside the nutrient density envelope, such a high insulin load would be a problem for someone like my wife Monica who has Type 1 diabetes.
As discussed in the vegan vs keto for diabetes article, a whole food diet can provide benefits in terms of higher levels of beneficial nutrients to help with insulin sensitivity and generally means people eat less due to a lower energy density of fruit and vegetables, it seems to be the people on a reduced carbohydrate higher protein approach that has the best diabetes control.
Optimal nutrient density appears to align with an around 40% insulinogenic calories. People who are already insulin resistant or who have diabetes should work to reduce the insulin load of their diet to the point that they can achieve stable blood sugar levels.
It is harder for someone not consuming any animal products or seafood to reduce their insulin load. However, we will look at how someone following a WFPB diet can minimise their insulin load as much as possible.
While I’m a proponent of getting adequate protein, I also think getting adequate minerals is critical to metabolic health, as well as muscle building.
Some believe that avoidance of animal products is the most important parameter. However, I think one of the major benefits of a WFPB approach over a grain-based diet (or even a typical ketogenic or low carb diet managing diabetes) is the fact that it gives you plenty of alkalising minerals, which serves to reverse metabolic acidosis which leads to diabetes.
The table below shows the nutrient balance ratios of Dr Greger’s recipes.
It seems there are lower levels of zinc and higher levels of copper, which is a concern.
The potassium : sodium ratio is above 2 which is great. However, I would have expected this to be higher given that Dr Greger actively avoids salt.
The iron : copper ratio is high due to higher levels of copper from the plant-based diet.
The calcium : phosphorus ratio is low due to the lower levels of calcium and higher levels of phosphorous.
Omega 6 : Omega 3 2.1 < 4 Omega 6 : Omega 3 ratio is good.
Zinc : Copper 3 8 – 12 Zinc : Copper ratio is outside limits.
Calcium : Magnesium 1.8 < 2 calcium : magnesium ratio is good.
Iron : Copper 8 10 – 15 iron : copper ratio is within range.
Calcium : Phosphorus 0.9 > 1.3 calcium : phosphorus ratio is low.
The aim of the Nutrient Optimiser is to help you rebalance your nutrients at a micronutrient level by identifying foods that will provide more of the nutrients that you are currently not getting in large quantities.
The table below lists the nutrients that someone following Dr Greger’s diet would be getting less of relative to the other nutrients. The right-hand column indicates whether we want to prioritise these nutrients.
While six of the thirteen less-available nutrients are amino acids, we will only prioritise the vitamins and minerals, given that Dr Greger has a range of videos warning of the perils of “excess” animal protein.
The image below shows the plant-based foods that would provide the nutrients that are not being provided in large quantities by Dr Greger’s meals. The food shaded in light green are vegetables, the foods in dark green are spices, brown ad nuts and seeds, grey are oils and pink are fruits.
Meanwhile, the image below shows the foods that would provide the harder to find nutrients without the plant-based constraint. In this table, the cells shaded green are seafood, red is offal, blue is dairy.
What I find fascinating here is that even though we did not prioritise any amino acids or essential fatty acids, the Nutrient Optimiser algorithm seems to rebalance the diet with more protein (50%), more fat (35%) and less non-fibre carbs (3%).
Meanwhile, if we were trying to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, these are the foods that the Nutrient Optimiser algorithm would recommend to manage insulin load while also being nutrient dense and filling in the nutrient gaps in Dr Greger’s meal while also remaining plant-based.
If we weren’t trying to avoid animal products, the foods listed below would provide the harder to find nutrients required with a lower insulin load. It’s interesting that the system prioritised butter, cream and cheese to help reduce insulin load and rebalance micronutrients in Dr Greger’s recipes.
Most of the time when I have run the analysis for people following a low carb diet the system recommends much more nutrient-packed green veggies that are often neglected by people following a low carb or keto diet. It’s interesting to see that for someone follow Dr Greger’s recipies it would recommend the opposite.
Where this gets really cool is when we use the same process to identify meals to boost the harder to find micronutrients. The list below shows a selection of meals identified by the Nutrient Optimiser algorithm to fill the micronutrient gaps in Dr Greger’s meal plan.
The chart below shows the nutrients provided by these meals. Compared to the 78% provided by the meals from the How Not to Die Cookbook, these meals from the Nutrient Optimiser would provide an almost perfect score of 99%!
The higher nutrient density provided by these meals will mean that you would need to consume less energy to get the nutrients you need, while also improving insulin resistance, mitochondrial function and overall energy levels with the higher levels of essential and nonessential nutrients from whole foods.
If you’re interested, you can read Dr Greger’s full Nutrient Optimiser report here.
The recipes in the How Not to Die Cookbook are nutritious while remaining whole food plant based.
The protein content meets the recommended minimum intake levels. However, higher protein levels may be required to maximise muscle protein synthesis for someone who is active or wanting to maintain lean muscle mass while losing body fat.
The meals are relatively low fat but relatively high in non-fibre carbohydrate. While this level of carbohydrate is not excessive for someone who is metabolically healthy, someone who has diabetes may benefit from foods with a lower insulin load while also still maximising the nutrients that are provided by non-starchy vegetables.
We can use the Nutrient Optimiser algorithm to identify foods that contain more of these harder to find nutrients regardless of our preferred nutritional constraints.
Excellent article, except, for me, for the gaps mentioned below.
Would you please explain the color coding in the bar graphs?
similar improvements are needed, for me, for some of the other graphs.
Without knowing which colors designate good/better/best foods vs. ok/bad/worse/worst, it is impossible to interpret and apply your bar graphs.
Thank you for all your hard work for your readers.
Sorry, I meant the colors on the charts of optimal foods, not the bar graphs.
Is there someplace I missed where the color coding is specified?.
Thanks Joe. That was the aim.
Nice summary, well sourced. Dr.Greger’s book has been on the to-read list for a while and now it’s definitely getting a priority boost.
Thank you for the thoughtful, well written review of this book. I’ve been thinking of purchasing, and your material helped with a more informed decision. I appreciate the amount of effort that went into the article!
Thank you for this extensive review! While micronutrients such as Vitamin D and B12 are almost absent in his recipes, Dr. Greger recommends taking supplements of aforementioned vitamins (2000 IU daily and 250 mcg daily, respectively) in his How Not to Die book. | 2019-04-24T10:36:34Z | https://optimisingnutrition.com/2017/12/07/dr-gregers-how-not-to-die-cookbook-review/ |
Methods and apparatuses for calibrating out static timing offsets across multiple outputs of a transmitting device are provided. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a signal is selected as the master reference signal, and a closed-loop feedback system is provided to align one or more outputs of the transmitting device to a master reference signal. The master reference signal can be one of the signals being output by the transmitting device, an internal signal that is representative of the desired placement of the edges, or an external signal received by the transmitting device. The signal from the transmitting device is received by a receiver, and a calibration control block is used to generate a control signal to adjust the operation of the transmitting device.
The invention relates generally to transmission of electrical signals using multiple outputs and more particularly to temporal alignment of signals across multiple outputs.
Output drivers in transmitting devices have edge placement inaccuracies due to static timing offsets and dynamic timing errors. Static timing offsets are caused, for example, by transistor mismatches, skew in the clock distribution tree, unequal parasitics, slew rate variation between pull-up and pull-down circuits, packaging differences, etc. Dynamic timing errors are caused, for example, by intersymbol interference (ISI), simultaneous switching output (SSO) noise, clock jitter, etc. Due to the above effects, transmitting devices with multiple outputs have pin-to-pin skew. This skew or misalignment in the outputs significantly contributes to the overall timing inaccuracy of a system utilizing the outputs and therefore reduces the maximum frequency at which the interconnection can operate. This pin-to-pin skew also limits the production yield of the transmitting device, as devices having excessive skew may be unacceptable for use. Thus, a method and apparatus for reducing the pin-to-pin skew is needed to allow increased performance, including operation at higher frequencies, and increased production yields.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an apparatus providing a capability of separate calibration for positive transitions and negative transitions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus configured to accommodate multiple outputs in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Methods and apparatuses for reducing static timing offsets across multiple outputs of a transmitting device are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the static timing offsets are minimized and differences between the static timing offsets are eliminated. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a signal is selected as the master reference signal, and a closed-loop feedback system is provided to align one or more outputs of the transmitting device to a master reference signal. The master reference signal can be one of the signals being output by the transmitting device, an internal signal that is representative of the desired placement of the edges, or an external signal received by the transmitting device. All or a plurality of the outputs may share a common master reference signal, or one or more outputs may have one or more different master reference signals.
The transmitting device is designed to have one or more receivers such that the signals being transmitted are simultaneously being received by the transmitting device. For example, if the transmitting device is coupled to a conductor intended for bi-directional operation (e.g., both transmission and reception), then the transmitting device is already provided with a receiver associated with each output. As another example, if the transmitting device is not already provided with a receiver associated with each outputs, such receivers can readily be added. The signal detected by the receiver is input to a circuit, such as a flip-flop, capable of detecting the phase of the detected signal relative to the master reference signal. In the example of a transmitting device coupled to a conductor intended for bi-directional operation, the phase-detecting circuit may be configured to selectively detect the phase of the detected signal relative to the master reference signal or to a receive clock signal.
The output of the flip-flop, over time, will provide a series of bits. If the transmitted signal, over time, includes an equal number of 1's and 0's and is aligned with the master reference signal, then the output of the flip-flop will contain an equal number of 1's and 0's. This phenomenon can occur, for example, because dynamic errors will cause the output to jitter around some nominal place. If the transmitted signal is systematically mis-aligned with the master reference, then the output of the flip-flop will have unequal numbers of 1's and 0's. The output of the flip-flop is low-pass filtered (using an up/down counter, for example) and then fed back to the output driver.
The output driver is designed such that this “error” signal from the low-pass filter will adjust some characteristic of the driver in order to minimize the error signal. The error signal may change the drive strength of the output driver, the slew rate of the output signal, a variable delay circuit in the path of the output signal, or some other similar mechanism.
If the output driver uses a push-pull arrangement, then the output of the flip-flop can be sent to one of the two low-pass filters depending on whether the edge is rising or falling. The output of the flip-flop associated with the rising edges can be used to adjust some characteristic of the pull-up circuit, and the output of the flip-flop associated with the falling edges can be used to adjust some characteristic of the pull-down circuit.
Since static timing offsets change slowly with respect to time, a transmitting device may be designed to periodically or intermittently go into an auto-calibration mode for a pre-determined period of time and provide calibration of the static timing offsets. Such an approach can be used to minimize power consumed to perform such calibration. As another example, calibration can be performed during normal operation, avoiding the need for dedicated calibration cycles or operations.
By providing reduction of pin-to-pin skew of a transmitting device, both the production yield and the maximum operating frequency of the transmitting device can be increased. By providing reduction of pin-to-pin skew with a minimal amount of additional circuitry, cost and complexity can be minimized.
As one example, at least one embodiment may be practiced with a receiver having multiple voltage thresholds and/or a voltage-based control signal may be used to control the operation of one or more output drivers. When the device is transmitting, the receivers are enabled so that the device may monitor its transmitted output. The receiver has two voltage thresholds, VIL and VIH. If the transmitted output is below VIL, it is recognized as a logic low state and if the transmitted output is above VIH, it is recognized as a logic high state. The outputs of the receivers are connected to flip-flops which are clocked by either a receive clock signal (used during normal receive operation) or the master reference signal (used during transmit operation).
In some cases, such as the case where the output driver is an open-drain buffer, it may be the case that it is easier to control the timing of the falling edges than the timing of the rising edges or the timing of the rising edges rather than the timing of the falling edges. For example, it is possible that the output driver has a static timing offset that makes it consistently late compared to the master reference. The output driver also has dynamic timing errors that make the falling edges jitter around a midpoint time. This jitter may be assumed to occur as a normal probability distribution centered on the midpoint time.
If the receiver were an idealized receiver having zero propagation delay and if the output were to be perfectly aligned with the master reference (on a static or relatively long-term basis), it would be at the center of its swing (between VIL and VIH) every time the receiver flip-flop samples the receiver output using the master reference as the clock. If the receiver has a finite propagation delay, then an amount of static timing offset equal to that propagation delay will be added to each output. Optionally, the timing of the master reference signal can be adjusted to reduce or eliminate this added static timing offset. The dynamic timing error will cause the transmitted output to jitter around its nominal position. Thus, an equal number of logic 1's (logic high states) and logic 0's (logic low states) will be detected by the receiver and the receive flip-flop. This stream of 1's and 0's, when passed through a low pass filter, can be used to produce a DC or low frequency voltage signal, which may be referred to as VMID, which may vary in response to the timing errors detected.
If the transmitted output was always late compared to the master reference signal due to static timing offsets, the receiver will detect more 1's than 0's on the edges of the master reference. Consequently, the output of the low pass filter will be more than VMID. If the transmitted output was always early compared to the master reference signal due to static timing offsets, the receive flip-flop would clock in more 0's than 1's, and the output of the low pass filter would be less than VMID.
The output of the low pass filter is a control signal that indicates the sign (early or late) and the magnitude of the static timing offset associated with an output driver compared to the master reference signal. This control signal can then be used to adjust the characteristics of the output driver such that a closed loop exists that acts to make the timing error represented by the control signal go to zero. As one example, the adjustment of the output driver may involve changing a variable delay between the transmit flip-flop and the output driver. As another example, the adjustment of the output driver may involve changing the slew rate of the output driver. As another example, the adjustment of the output driver may involve changing a drive strength (e.g., adding or subtracting current) of the output driver.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The apparatus comprises an output driver 101, a receiver 102, and a calibration control block 103. Data to be transmitted are provided to input 104 of output driver 101. Output driver 101 provides an output signal at output 105, which is coupled to conductor 106, which may, for example, be a wire or individual conductor of a bus, such as a bus that carries signals from the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 to a circuit located elsewhere that is intended to receive the signal transmitted by output driver 101. Input 107 of receiver 102 is coupled to conductor 106. Thus, while the signal transmitted by output driver 101 is intended for reception at a remote receiver of the circuit located elsewhere, and while receiver 102 is capable of and intended for receiving an incoming signal from a circuit located elsewhere, receiver 102 is nonetheless capable of receiving the signal transmitted by output driver 101.
Receiver 102 provides a received signal at output 108, which is coupled to input 109 of calibration control block 103. Calibration control block 103 receives a master reference signal at master reference input 151. Calibration control block 103 outputs a control signal at control output 110 to output driver 101.
By sampling the received signal with reference to the master reference signal, the calibration control block 103 can assess the temporal accuracy of the output signal generated by output driver 101 relative to the master reference signal. Based on such an assessment, the calibration control block 103 provides the control signal to output driver 101, causing output driver 101 to adjust its output signal to more closely conform to the optimal timing for the output signal.
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The apparatus of FIG. 2 comprises transmit flip-flop 211, output driver 201, receiver 202, multiplexer 212, receive flip-flop 213, and low pass filter 214. Transmit flip-flop 211 receives an input signal from input 215. Transmit flip-flop 211 receives a transmit clock signal at transmit clock input 216 and uses it to clock data through to input 204, where it provides a transmit signal to output driver 201. Output driver 201 receives the transmit signal from input 204 and provides an output signal at output 205, which is coupled to conductor 206. Conductor 206 may, for example, be a wire or an individual conductor of a bus. An input 207 of receiver 202 is coupled to conductor 206 and receives the output signal from output driver 201. A reference voltage may be provided to receiver 202 at reference input 224 for receiver 202 to use in receiving the output signal.
Receiver 202 provides a received signal at output 217. Receive flip-flop 213 receives the received signal at output 217. Multiplexer 212 receives a receive clock signal at receive clock input 218 and a master reference signal at master reference input 219. A selection signal is applied to a selection input of multiplexer 212 to select among the receive clock signal and the master reference signal and to provide a selected clock signal at clock output 220. For example, the receive clock signal may be selected when receiver 202 is receiving a signal from an external output driver, such as an output driver of another circuit to which conductor 206 is connected, while the master reference signal may be selected when the receiver 202 is receiving an output signal from output driver 201.
Receive flip-flop 213 receives the selected clock signal and uses it to clock data through to its output 223, which is coupled to input 221 of optional transition detection circuit 224. Optional transition detection circuit 224 provides detection of transitions, such as rising edges (e.g., low-to-high transitions) or falling edges (e.g., high-to-low transitions), present at input 221. Optional transition detection circuit 224 also preferably includes an input 225 obtained from output 217. As an example, optional transition detection circuit may be implemented so as to compare logic levels at input 221 and/or input 225 to each other or to logic level references (e.g., a fixed high level logic reference and a fixed low level logic reference) to distinguish the types of transitions. While optional transition detection circuit 224 may be present in certain embodiments of the invention, it may be omitted from certain other embodiments, for example, if rising edges or falling edges can be uniquely identified and processed in another manner or if numbers of 1's and 0's occurring over time are known to be equal or close to equal. If optional transition detection circuit 224 is provided, it provides an output signal to input 226 of low pass filter 214. If not, low pass filter 214 may be provided with an input obtained, for example, from output 223. Low pass filter 214 provides a control signal to output driver 201 at control output 222. Low pass filter 214 need not be what is usually considered to be a low pass filter, but may be a device capable of averaging or integrating signals it receives or otherwise canceling out immediate variations to observe longer term trends. For example, low pass filter 214 may be implemented using a counter that is incremented for one binary value, such as a binary 1 value, and decremented for another binary value, such as a binary 0 value. The value of the counter can be used to generate the control signal provided to output driver 201.
The low pass filter may be implemented with other types of devices, for example, a device that outputs a signal, such as a voltage or current, that varies with a ratio of the numbers of samples received at input 221 having different values. Thus, when receive flip-flop 213 is being clocked using the master reference signal, if low pass filter 214 indicates an excessive relative number of binary 0 values, low pass filter 214 can adjust the control signal at control output 222 to adjust the output timing of output driver 201 to correct timing inaccuracies. Likewise, if low pass filter 214 indicates an excessive relative number of binary 1 values, low pass filter 214 can adjust the control signal at control output 222 to adjust the output timing of output driver 201 to correct timing inaccuracies.
As another example of an apparatus to accurately assess the timing of signals representing data having unequal numbers of different logic states (e.g., binary 0 values and binary 1 values) or ratios of numbers of different logic states that might skew their comparison in low pass filter 214, a comparison can be performed between samples of the received data clocked according to the master reference signal and a known specimen of the data being transmitted, which may, for example, be obtained from the transmit signal at input 204. As another example, such a known specimen of the data being transmitted may be obtained by providing another receive flip-flop clocked with the master reference signal while receive flip-flop 213 is clocked with the receive clock signal. In that case, low pass filter 214 can compare the outputs of the two receive flip-flops that are clocked differently so as determine whether transitions in the output signal on conductor 206 are occurring early or late with respect to the master reference signal. As yet another example, signals representing data having unequal numbers of different logic states or ratios of numbers of different logic states may be encoded using an encoding scheme, such as Manchester encoding, bipolar 8 zero substitution (B8ZS), high density bipolar 3 (HDB3), or zero code suppression (ZCS), to ensure the presence of a certain number of transitions regardless of the actual data represented by the signals. Alternatively, a high-transition-density pattern, for example, a test pattern in addition to the data intended to be transmitted, may be explicitly transmitted to facilitate timing offset calibration. Such a test pattern may be transmitted as part of an initialization routine before the data intended to be transmitted is transmitted or may be transmitted occasionally between transmissions of the data intended to be transmitted.
To prevent misidentification of signals representing data having unequal numbers of different logic states or ratios of numbers of different logic states with systematic temporal misalignment of those signals with a master reference signal, low pass filter 214 can be provided with indications of occurrences of rising edges and falling edges. For example, inputs and outputs of a transmit flip-flop or a receive flip-flop may be compared (e.g., using an AND gate with an inverter on one of its inputs or other combinational logic) to detect the occurrence of a rising edge or falling edge and provide such an indication. Alternatively, an analog circuit, such as differentiator circuit, may be used to identify such transitions and provide such an indication.
FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an apparatus providing a capability of separate calibration for positive transitions and negative transitions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. For example, such an apparatus is useful for independently adjust the pull-up section and the pull-down section of an output buffer that uses a push-pull (or totem-pole) arrangement and may also minimize static timing offsets due to the mismatches in the p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) and n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors in the output driver. The apparatus of FIG. 3 comprises transmit flip-flop 311, output driver 301, receiver 302, multiplexer 312, receive flip-flop 313, selection logic 335, demultiplexer 336, low pass filter 329, and low pass filter 330. Transmit flip-flop 311 receives an input signal from input 315. Transmit flip-flop 311 receives a transmit clock signal at transmit clock input 316 and uses it to clock data through to input 304, where it provides a transmit signal to output driver 301. Output driver 301 receives the transmit signal from input 304 and provides an output signal at output 305, which is coupled to conductor 306. Conductor 306 may, for example, be a wire or an individual conductor of a bus. An input 307 of receiver 302 is coupled to conductor 306 and receives the output signal from output driver 301. A reference voltage may be provided to receiver 302 at reference input 324 for receiver 302 to use in receiving the output signal.
Receiver 302 provides a received signal at output 317. Receive flip-flop 313 receives the received signal at output 317. Multiplexer 312 receives a receive clock signal at receive clock input 318 and a master reference signal at master reference input 319. A selection signal is applied to a selection input of multiplexer 312 to select among the receive clock signal and the master reference signal and to provide a selected clock signal at clock output 320. For example, the receive clock signal may be selected when receiver 302 is receiving a signal from an external output driver, such as an output driver of another circuit to which conductor 306 is connected, while the master reference signal may be selected when the receiver 302 is receiving an output signal from output driver 301.
Receive flip-flop 313 receives the selected clock signal and uses it to clock data through to its output 325, which is coupled to demultiplexer 336. Input 315 is coupled to input 333 of selection logic 335. Input 304 is coupled to input 334 of selection logic 335. Thus, selection logic 335 is preferably aware of the current bit transmitted and the next bit to be transmitted. Based on these inputs, selection logic 335 is able to determine if a rising edge or a falling edge will be transmitted in the next bit time. Selection logic 335 provides a selection signal to demultiplexer 336 via selection input 326. This selection signal may, for example, indicate whether a rising edge or a falling edge will be present in the transmitted signal. Based on the selection signal, demultiplexer 336 provides an output to input 327 of low pass filter 329 or input 328 of low pass filter 330. If selection logic 335 detects that the current bit transmitted and the next bit to be transmitted are of the same logic level, it can disable the output of demultiplexer 336. This feature can be used to ensure that only transitions are used to measure and calibrate the static timing offsets. Thus, low pass filters 329 and 330 can be used to separately provide correction for different types of timing inaccuracies.
For example, low pass filter 329 can be used to provide correction for timing inaccuracies relating to rising edges, while low pass filter 330 can be used to provide correction for timing inaccuracies relating to falling edges. Low pass filter 329 provides a control signal to output driver 301 at control output 331. Low pass filter 330 provides a control signal to output driver 301 at control output 332. Thus, low pass filters 329 and 330 can adjust the control signals at control outputs 331 and 332 to adjust the output timing of output driver 301 to correct timing inaccuracies for rising edges and falling edges, respectively. The control output of the low pass filter associated with rising edges is used to adjust some characteristic of the pull-up section of the output driver. The control output of the low pass filter associated with falling edges is used to adjust some characteristic of the pull-down section of the output driver. Thus, timing inaccuracies that affect rising and falling edges differently, for example, timing inaccuracies arising from differences in the properties of NMOS and PMOS transistors, can be corrected.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus configured to accommodate multiple outputs in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The apparatus of FIG. 4 comprises output drivers 401, 411, 421, and 431, receivers 402, 412, 422, and 432, and calibration control blocks 403, 413, 423, and 433. Output drivers 401, 411, 421, and 431, receive data to be transmitted at inputs 404, 414, 424, and 434 to produce output signals at outputs 405, 415, 425, 435, respectively. Outputs 405, 415, 425, and 435 are coupled to conductors 406, 416, 426, and 436, respectively. Conductors 406, 416, 426, and 436 are coupled to inputs 417, 427, 437, and 447 of receivers 402, 412, 422, and 432, respectively. Receivers 402, 412, 422, and 432 produce outputs 408, 418, 428, and 438, which are coupled to inputs 409, 419, 429, and 439 of calibration control blocks 403, 413, 423, and 433, respectively. Each of calibration control blocks 403, 413, 423, and 433 receives a master reference signal at master reference input 451. In a preferred embodiment, master reference input 451 is configured such that the times of arrival of a single master reference signal at each of calibration control blocks 403, 413, 423, and 433 are closely aligned. Calibration control blocks 403, 413, 423, and 433 provide control signals to output drivers 401, 411, 421, and 431 via control outputs 410, 420, 430, and 440, respectively.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The method begins in step 501, where a first output signal having a first transition is generated. Step 501 may include step 502. In step 502, the first output signal is sampled at a nominal transition time. From step 501, the method continues in step 503.
In step 503, a second output signal having a second transition is generated. Step 503 may include step 504. In step 504, the second output signal is sampled at a nominal transition time. From step 504, the method continues in step 505. In step 505, a first temporal relationship of the first transition to the nominal transition time is determined. From step 505, the method continues in step 506. In step 506, a second temporal relationship of the second transition to the nominal transition time is determined. From step 506, the method continues in step 507.
In step 507, temporal noise indicative of receiver uncertainty is filtered to obtain an adjustment indication. Step 507 may include steps 508 and 509. In step 508, temporal noise relating to the first output signal is filtered. In step 509, temporal noise relating to the second output signal is filtered. From step 507, the method continues in step 510. In step 510, a first parameter is adjusted such that a first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a subsequent nominal transition time. Step 510 may include step 511. In step 511, the first parameter is adjusted as a function of the adjustment indication. From step 511, the method continues at step 512. In step 512, a second parameter is adjusted such that a second subsequent transition of the second output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to the subsequent nominal transition time. Step 512 may include step 513. In step 513, the second parameter is adjusted as a function of the adjustment indication.
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The method begins in step 601. In step 601, a first output signal having a first transition is generated. Step 601 may include step 602. In step 602, the first output signal having a first positive transition and a first negative transition is generated. From step 602, the method continues in step 603.
In step 603, a first temporal relationship of the first transition to a nominal transition time is determined. Step 603 may include steps 604 and 605. In step 604, a first positive transition temporal relationship of the first positive transition to a first nominal positive transition time is determined. In step 605, a first negative transition temporal relationship of the first negative transition to a first nominal negative transition time is determined.
From step 603, the method continues in step 606. In step 606, a first parameter is adjusted such that a first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a subsequent nominal transition time. Step 606 may include steps 607 and 608. In step 607, a first positive transition parameter is adjusted such that a first subsequent positive transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a first subsequent nominal positive transition time. In step 608, a first negative transition parameter is adjusted such that a first subsequent negative transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a first subsequent nominal negative transition time.
The term “closer” as used above refers to temporal proximity as compared with the temporal relationships previously determined. For example, in step 606, the first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to the subsequent nominal transition time than the first temporal relationship of the first transition to the nominal transition time of step 603.
By calibrating out only the static timing offsets, the calibration need not be adjusted for every transmit operation. Rather, the calibration method may be performed or the calibration apparatus enabled intermittently or periodically for brief periods of time in order to calibrate out static timing offsets that may change, for example, with process, voltage, and temperature. As another example, the method or apparatus may perform the calibration only once during a power-up or reboot initialization sequence. As yet another example, the method or apparatus may perform the calibration on a regular or continuous basis during operation.
Various embodiments of the present invention may be applied to a variety of systems wherein data are transmitted from one device to another device. For example, memory systems communicate data between memory devices and a device connected to the memory devices, such as a memory controller. Embodiments of the invention may be practiced within either or both of the memory devices and the memory controller. As another example, other integrated circuits often communicate data with each other. To illustrate this, a central processing unit (CPU) typically has a bus, such as a front-side bus, to communicate with other integrated circuits. Embodiments of the invention may be practiced within a CPU or within other integrated circuits. As yet another example, network interface circuits, such as ethernet circuits often communicate data in a manner to which embodiments of the present invention may be applied. As a further example, a very high-speed serializer-deserializer (serdes) could benefit from the application of embodiments of the present invention.
While certain aspects described above have been expressed in terms of particular semiconductor technologies, such as NMOS or PMOS, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific semiconductor technologies, but may be practiced with any type of semiconductor technology, for example, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, bipolar semiconductor technology, or other semiconductor technologies.
Accordingly, a method and apparatus for calibrating static timing offsets across multiple outputs has been described. It should be understood that the implementation of other variations and modifications of the invention in its various aspects will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and that the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments described. It is therefore contemplated to cover by the present invention, any and all modifications, variations, or equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the basic underlying principles disclosed and claimed herein.
wherein the steps of adjusting the first parameter and adjusting the second parameter reduce a temporal skew between the first subsequent transition of the first output signal and the second subsequent transition of the second output signal.
filtering temporal noise indicative of receiver uncertainty to obtain an adjustment indication.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of adjusting a first parameter is performed as a function of the adjustment indication.
adjusting a first negative transition parameter such that a first subsequent negative transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a first subsequent reference negative transition time.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining a first temporal relationship of the first transition to a reference transition time comprises determining a time difference between the first transition and the reference transition time.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting a first parameter such that a first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a subsequent reference transition time comprises adjusting the first parameter such that the first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs closer in time to a subsequent reference transition time.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parameter comprises a variable delay between a transmit flip-flop and an output driver.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parameter comprises a slew rate of an output driver.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parameter comprises a drive strength of an output driver.
a second calibration control block coupled to the second receiver and to the second output driver, the second calibration control block for determining a second temporal relationship of the second transition to the nominal transition time and for providing a second adjustment signal to adjust a second timing offset of the second output driver based on the second temporal relationship.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the first calibration control block and the second calibration control block adjust the first timing offset and the second timing offset, respectively, so as to reduce a temporal skew between subsequent transitions of the first output signal and the second output signal.
a sampling circuit for sampling the first signal at the nominal transition time.
a filtering circuit for filtering temporal noise indicative of sampling uncertainty of the sampling circuit.
a first negative transition filtering circuit for filtering negative transition temporal noise indicative of the sampling uncertainty of the sampling circuit related to sampling of negative transitions.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the first adjustment signal is a first positive transition adjustment signal to adjust a first positive transition timing offset of the first output driver and the first calibration control block further provides a first negative transition adjustment signal to adjust a first negative transition timing offset of the first output driver.
16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the nominal transition time comprises a reference transition time.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first calibration control block determines a first temporal relationship of the first transition to a nominal transition time by determining a time difference between the first transition and the reference transition time.
18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first adjustment signal is provided to adjust a variable delay between a transmit flip-flop and the first output driver.
19. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first adjustment signal is provided to adjust a slew rate of the first output driver.
20. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first adjustment signal is provided to adjust a drive strength of the first output driver.
adjusting a first parameter associated with generating the first output signal, based at least in part upon the first temporal relationship, such that a first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a subsequent reference transition time.
adjusting a second parameter, based at least in part upon the second temporal relationship, such that a second subsequent transition of the second output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to the subsequent reference transition time.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the steps of adjusting the first parameter and adjusting the second parameter reduce a temporal skew between the first subsequent transition of the first output signal and the second subsequent transition of the second output signal.
24. The method of claim 21 wherein the step of adjusting a first parameter is performed as a function of the adjustment indication.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of determining a first temporal relationship of the first transition to a reference transition time comprises determining a time difference between the first transition and the reference transition time.
27. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of adjusting a first parameter such that a first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs in closer temporal proximity to a subsequent reference transition time comprises adjusting the first parameter such that the first subsequent transition of the first output signal occurs closer in time to a subsequent reference transition time.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein the first parameter comprises a variable delay between a transmit flip-flop and an output driver.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein the first parameter comprises a slew rate of an output driver.
30. The method of claim 21, wherein the first parameter comprises a drive strength of an output driver.
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Last year, in the context of the U.S. presidential election, we had two shows on the topic of prediction and predictive modeling with one of the leading researchers in the field, David Rothschild. He did pretty darn well last year, going 50 for 51, using a model that made extensive use of polling data, historical data, economic data, and prediction markets.
This year, he’s at it again, trying to handicap Hollywood’s 2013 Academy Awards, which take place this weekend, February 24. I thought we’d have him back on the show to talk about some unique problems that make Oscar prediction different from Obama prediction, and, by the way, I’d like to thank PR pro Tom Parnell for that alluring alliteration.
David Rothschild works for Microsoft Research in its New York City offices, where, among his other duties, he runs a site called PredictWise.com. He has a Ph.D. in applied economics from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, and before Microsoft, he worked for Yahoo Labs, also in New York City.
He joins us by phone. David, welcome to the podcast.
David Rothschild: Thank you for having me back. I really look forward to this conversation.
Steven Cherry: David, I think it’s fair to say that the most important data that went into your forecast last year was all the state-by-state polling data available to you and other modelers. There’s no polling data for the Oscars. It’s a little like cutting off your right arm and trying to bench press the same weight, isn’t it?
David Rothschild: Well, you know, there’s a bunch of different data sources that I always look at when I’m approaching a new question. One of them, generally, is polling data. Another is prediction market data. Another is fundamental data. And let me parse those for you for a second. So, you know, early in a political cycle, I’m going to look at a lot of fundamental points. This is prior to polling and prediction markets coming into play. You’re going to be looking at things like past election results and economic indicators and incumbency. And all of these things that kind of happen on a regular basis are always available and are there to form baseline predictions very early, before there’s a lot of actively collected data for an upcoming event. You hit the spring and summer, you get this polling data, it sops up a lot of this information, and you can make very, very accurate forecasts using this polling data and prediction market data, and it carries you through to an election.
And now when I look at something like the Oscars, you have a lot less. We don’t have polling data. There’s very little to no active attempts to gather data from the voters of the Academy. And when it comes to fundamental data, you don’t have as much identification as you do in the political context in the sense that you have things like how the movie did in the box office, you have the ratings, but a lot of these points are very movie specific and it makes it very hard to make category-by-category predictions with that data, and so really, really focusing a lot more on prediction market data when it comes to the Academy Awards.
Steven Cherry: Yeah, let’s just remind our listeners what prediction markets are.
David Rothschild: That is correct. So to take a step back, prediction markets are markets in which people buy and sell contracts which are going to be worth one dollar if an outcome occurs and zero dollars if an outcome does not occur. So right now there’s a contract on whether or not Argo will win best picture in the Oscars. It will be worth a dollar if Argo does win. It will be worth zero dollars if Argo does not win. And the price of that contract, real money traded in Europe, the price of that contract is a very strong indicator of the collective wisdom of how well—how likely that contract is to actually occur.
Steven Cherry: And I guess we should also point out that the prediction markets are pretty thin when it comes to some of these categories anyway, right?
David Rothschild: Oh, there’s no question about it. So, you know, I’m looking at all 24 categories right now, and some of them are a lot more liquid than others. And some of them, you know, you don’t expect to have as much information from. And that’s part of the game of kind of determining what’s useful and calibrating your forecast.
Steven Cherry: Now, you started to use something called “user-generated data.” What is it?
David Rothschild: Definitely. And so, you know, we saw an opening here in which to try to think, well, how do we add some more data to a question which we know people are interested in. And so, you know, part of what I do is trying to think of what’s the most efficient forecast you can make from the data that’s available—whether or not it’s polling data or prediction market data or whatnot—but then also thinking where there’s holes in that data and what can we think about, kind of experimental ways in which to gather more data.
And so one of the things that I’ve been working on is working on experimental markets. We have something which we call WiseQ, the Oscar game. And it’s an experimental prediction market. And we’re asking people to come on and make their predictions over not just the categories, who’s going to win the categories, but correlations between categories, which is a question which I find very interesting. And this is very similar in the U.S. electoral college as it is in the question of the Oscars, which is how much does one brand or one entity do across different categories.
So, for instance, you know, we were very concerned in the U.S. election—how does movement in Virginia correlate with movement in Ohio for the president. And similarly here, how does, say, the best director victory, how would that change how you’re looking at the best picture. And so if Lincoln wins some earlier categories, does that make you more or less confident that it’s going to win in later categories, and kind of exploring those correlations. We’re doing that with these games and seeing if we can learn anything, seeing if the wisdom of our crowds can add to what we know about these forecasts.
Steven Cherry: All right. So is it fair to say that the very sparseness of this data is what makes it a fruitful area of research and not just a way to chat about Hollywood movies on the company dime?
David Rothschild: You know, so everything that I do when it comes to forecasting is to think about how can we make more scalable forecasting, more scalable indices about upcoming events or current events, and try to make them as domain independent as possible. And so kind of the key thing, you know, why I’m back here talking about Oscars when I was talking about politics before, is it’s really the science of applying the same type of effort, the same type of skills, and the same technology across different domains.
And it’s the challenge of how, if we keep on doing different things like this, we do entertainment, sports, politics, etc., very public things, things that we have a lot of data for, will that help us create the technology to then effortlessly add new things, whether or not it’s business questions or whether or not it’s economic questions, probably things which carry a little more weight in many ways, more entertainment, more actual kind of decisions that people are making. And the idea of everything, though, is the scalability and this domain independence.
Steven Cherry: Okay. It’s time to chat about Hollywood movies on the company dime. So let’s get to some predictions. I’ll say by way of disclosure that, as we record this, I’ve seen eight of the nine films nominated for best picture, and in the 11 categories that I personally care about, I’ve seen 48 of the 59 nominees. And I say that not to brag but to give some context when I say I have no idea who’s going to win anything this year. You take on the even more monumental task of trying to handicap 24 categories. I know it’s tough because we’re recording this show almost a week before it’ll air, and then there will be another few days for the awards themselves, but what are some highlights right now?
David Rothschild: Well, you know, so let me just say that I come in from the opposite perspective here. So I’ve actually seen very few of the movies on this list. As we were talking, just to kind of emphasize again and again, you know, everything I do is very kind of data heavy. And I actually find it as a fun and kind of difficult challenge, and a different challenge is to look at this very differently from politics, because where I do have a lot of domain information in politics, I have a lot less domain information when it comes to the Oscars.
And so it’s really, it’s just seeing what the data tells me, without having any horse in the race. As the awards season has moved forward and Argo has dominated in the awards, we’ve actually seen a shift in this—in this main category of best picture. So one kind of fundamental data point that’s always been very clear is that the Oscar voters listen to themselves. So the number of nominations a movie gets is pretty heavily correlated with actually winning. This is not surprising. They see these movies, they like these movies, they’ve nominated them for things. And so the fact that Lincoln was nominated for best director where Argo was not, so Spielberg versus Ben Affleck, that actually was a great indication in the beginning that Lincoln was going to be a front-runner here in the best picture. But as awards show after awards show has gone toward Argo, we have Argo at 93 percent, a very, very strong likelihood of winning best picture.
Steven Cherry: Nate Silver, who does election prediction at the New York Times, has limited success at predicting the Oscars, but he keeps trying. And in 2011, he came up with what he calls “four rules to win your Oscar pool.” His first we’ve already mentioned, which is winning other awards, especially the Golden Globes, which are from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. In his second rule, he has being in a picture that gets a best picture nomination, and I guess you sort of alluded to this too. So Denzel Washington is nominated for best actor in Flight, which wasn’t nominated for best picture, all other things being equal, has a lesser chance than, let’s say, Bradley Cooper from Silver Linings Playbook, which is. Do you think that’s true?
David Rothschild: Well, let me take a step back from what you’re saying, which I think is very interesting. And so Mr. Silver kind of comes up with fundamental models in a sense. So let me try to break down the data for you guys and think about it in terms of fundamental kind of information that’s out there and how well that does in forecasting versus, I’m going to compare that to prediction markets. The bottom line is that, you know, I did a lot of look into this and a lot of kind of research into how effective these types of rules could be. You know, looking at the other award shows, looking at kind of personal traits of the people nominated for those categories in which there’s data available. And as I said, it’s tough.
So there was some correlation, and there is some ability to predict things, but category by category, most of the data is kind of movie related. So it’s how well the movie did; it’s the ratings of the movie; it’s all these kind of things that are very movie specific, which makes it very hard to use that sort of data in order to predict who’s going to win in specific categories. Prediction markets, on the other hand, can kind of sop up a lot of that information, can in theory sop up all that information, plus put in a lot of idiosyncratic information that’s very hard to create a model around.
And that’s why, you know, I feel very confident in a much more heavy category-by-category prediction-market-built models that I utilize versus kind of utilizing the types of models that Mr. Silver uses. And we’ve seen that in 2011 and 2012, where the prediction markets did extremely well in predicting not just the main categories but some further down the line.
Steven Cherry: While we’re talking about the fundamental data, I would imagine box-office data is an example. Does it play a role in your model?
David Rothschild: Definitely. And the thing that I found really interesting looking at box-office data is, you probably have more domain information in some ways because, as I said, I’m not a huge movie buff. And when I was learning a lot about it, there’s just a lot of nuances with the data and a lot of different ways that you can look at it. One thing that popped out at me is that, you know, movies go wide in very different ways in different kind of time frames. So some movies start off smaller and get bigger, and some movies kind of start out with a full, wide appeal. And especially when it comes to Oscar-nominated movies, there’s a surprising mix.
And one of the things that I saw in my data was that it wasn’t the first weekend, and it wasn’t even how well the movie did over the first few weeks. It was much more about the trends. It was much more about what direction was the movie going in between the fourth and fifth week or even further down the line. And actually, I popped out one rubric, which was, if I was to look at one thing when it comes to gross, it was going to be the change between the fourth and fifth week, which seems to be some sort of deflection point that carried a lot of power as far as predicting how well a movie would do in certain categories when it came to the Oscars.
Steven Cherry: William Goldman, the screenwriter and novelist who’s written some pretty great movies in the past, including Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, he has a rule of thumb about, like, why stars get so much money. And his rule is, it’s the stars that bring in the audience the first week, and after that the movie has to kind of prove itself. So maybe there’s a clue in there as well.
David Rothschild: Possibly. And, you know, and I would say one thing, which I was playing back and forth, a lot of subtlety, which, you know, I’ll give to your audience, which is that thinking about two very different types of forecast. One is what type of movie is going to get nominated, and then conditional on being nominated, how likely you are to win. And so there’s a lot of things to think about in that way.
So think about, you know, when a movie’s released. A movie that’s released in January or February is very unlikely, comparatively, all else being equal, to get a nomination to a movie that’s, you know, released in the late fall. But conditional—if you’re already nominated, conditional on being nominated—these kind of things drop out, right? Because if you are an odd movie that didn’t do that well in the box office or an odd movie that was released at a weird date or a bunch of other kind of things you would think would be meaningful but actually end up getting nominated, then you’ve already crossed that hurdle of being nominated, and you’re probably a pretty special movie to get nominated despite having, you know, weird choices that you weren’t widely released or you started in a weird date. And so it’s definitely a subtlety to think about those two things.
Steven Cherry: It’s a little bit like the difference between your life expectancy at birth and the life expectancy of people who make it to 50, say.
David Rothschild: That’s exactly right. It’s a very subtle and difficult thing to sometimes grasp, but that’s exactly right. And these guys have already made it to that cut, and then so it’s a very different thing you’re looking at at that point.
Steven Cherry: Let’s just close the loop on Nate Silver. His third rule is “dramas do better than comedies,” and there were essentially no comedies nominated for much of anything this year. I guess Moonrise Kingdom might count for one, and it got an original screenplay nomination, but that’s about it. So let’s skip that rule. His last rule is “spread the wealth,” and in this way, it’s a minus, it turns out, if you’ve won before. And so by that rule, Daniel Day-Lewis, who won best actor twice, for My Left Foot and There Will Be Blood—a very overrated movie by the way, though he was great. And Daniel Day-Lewis is now nominated for Lincoln. According to this rule, it would be a disadvantage vis-à-vis, say, Bradley Cooper, who hasn’t won anything before.
David Rothschild: You know, I think that it’s a great point because it brings up two really interesting things. And the first thing directly on what you’re saying, it’s true. So if you run regressions, in looking at the model and saying, put in how many times that someone has been nominated, and put in times someone has won, what you get is that being nominated and not winning is highly predictive of eventually winning, but winning too much, it definitely ends up being negatively correlated with outcome. There’s no question about that. But the problem is that when it comes to questions like that, there isn’t that much identification, and they’re very unique. So there’s a couple of actors who’ve been nominated many, many times and have won several, but it is a very, very small group, and a small group to the point where idiosyncratic knowledge of this year and knowing what’s going on, I think overrides the fundamentals.
So I’ll go back again to kind of thinking about the prediction markets versus the fundamentals on this, which is that Daniel Day-Lewis has won every other award, so that can go into it, but also the just overriding collective wisdom is that despite that rule of thumb, he will win this year. And that’s actually the most confident prediction that I have, Daniel Day-Lewis’s victory in this category at essentially as high as I can give a prediction and still have some uncertainty. And I think it’s just more about thinking, again, of the collective wisdom of the prediction markets seem just extremely confident of that, and that’s going to override what I think is a small but significant fundamental data point. But again, you just want to look at this year and see Daniel Day-Lewis is just a massive favorite to win that category.
Steven Cherry: So are there any other massive favorites?
David Rothschild: Any other massive favorites? Yes. Anne Hathaway as the best supporting actress, and again, that’s seeing something as something that she has dominated in all the awards, as well as there just isn’t a clear other person that people could rally around.
Steven Cherry: Well, David, I’ll post my 11 entirely unanalytical picks on the podcast show page, and we’ll see whether “Techwise” can do as well as “PredictWise.” Hopefully we’ll at least both do better than Nate Silver. Good luck on Sunday, and thanks for joining us today.
David Rothschild: Thank you very much for having me. It was a real pleasure, as always.
Steven Cherry: We’ve been speaking with Microsoft Research economist and movie blogger David Rothschild about the unique difficulties of doing big-data predictive modeling on a small-data event like the upcoming Academy Awards.
For IEEE Spectrum’s “Techwise Conversations,” I’m Steven Cherry.
This interview was recorded 14 February 2013.
Read more “Techwise Conversations,” find us in iTunes, or follow us on Twitter. | 2019-04-24T03:51:02Z | https://spectrum.ieee.org/podcast/geek-life/profiles/big-data-versus-little-data-predicting-the-academy-awards?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IeeeSpectrum+%28IEEE+Spectrum%29 |
I should take a moment to nod to Plato and Socrates. To understand where Lewis was trying to take us with his argument from desire -- we long for perfect justice, thus there must be perfect justice somewhere, though perhaps not in this life -- we need to understand something Socrates said in Apologia when he was on trial for his life. He told a story of a man who had been chained in a cave so that he could only see one wall of the cave. There were many prisoners like him. There was a powerful fire behind them, and their captor would sometimes carry shapes past the fire. The prisoners would point to the shadows and say to each other, "Oh, look: A tree. A dog. A house." and so forth. They thought that these shadows were really trees and dogs and houses.
The man somehow escaped his chains and ran out of the cave, where he saw for the first time real trees, real dogs, real houses. He was re-captured, and put back among the prisoners. He tried to explain to them that the things they saw were merely shadows, and that there were real things in the real world. So the prisoners fell on him and tore him apart with their own hands.
This is Plato's "Myth of the Cave" and belief in a more real world outside this one is called "Platonism." Lewis was of a school of thought called "Neo-Platonism," which believes that there is a more real world outside us, and it is where God is.
GP: If God exists, then life has an objective meaning.
GP: If life has meaning, then God exists.
C: Life has no meaning.
C: Therefore God does not exist.
A = A. X = X. 0 = 0.
Another digression here: Please excuse the break in the narrative.
Tolstoy, in _My Confession_, Ch. V., wrote: My question - that which at the age of fifty brought me to the verge of suicide - was the simplest of questions, lying in the soul of every man from the foolish child to the wisest elder: it was a question without an answer to which one cannot live, as I had found by experience. It was: "What will come of what I am doing today or shall do tomorrow? What will come of my whole life?"
Differently expressed, the question is: "Why should I live, why wish for anything, or do anything?" It can also be expressed thus: "Is there any meaning in my life that the inevitable death awaiting me does not destroy?"
Tolstoy also talks of waking up in the middle of the night to ask himself, "Is there something you are supposed to be doing (or to accomplish) in this life? If so, what?"
These things, that Tolstoy kept being asked in his internal dialog, are collectively the Question of the Meaning of Life. In science, if we wish to follow the Scientific method, the first step is to define the question. This is the question: "Why am I here? What is the point of my being here? What, if anything, am I expected to accomplish?"
Tolstoy, continuing, wrote: To this one question, variously expressed, I sought an answer in science. And I found that in relation to that question all human knowledge is divided as it were into two opposite hemispheres at the ends of which are two poles: the one a negative and the other a positive; but that neither at the one nor the other pole is there an answer to life's questions.
The one series of sciences seems not to recognize the question, but replies clearly and exactly to its own independent questions: that is the series of experimental sciences, and at the extreme end of it stands mathematics. The other series of sciences recognizes the question, but does not answer it; that is the series of abstract sciences, and at the extreme end of it stands metaphysics.
"Sciences" here includes the hard sciences at one end of his scale, and the "soft" sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology, at the other end. Neither end has an answer to the Question of the Meaning of Life.
I am nowhere near as smart as Tolstoy. I am fortunate that translators are merciful when conveying his meanings in English. I tried once to translate this book from the French version that his daughter translated from Russian, but I came to grief long before I reached this point.
Still, somehow, by some means, not yet having read Tolstoy's confession, I came to the same conclusion: That the science I learned in Nuke school was harmless as kittens to the Theology that I learned in Sunday School, and vice versa. I can't claim any great credit in reaching this conclusion; and I found it rather frustrating. I could focus my logic to tear apart a sales pitch without hardly blinking an eye. I could explain why you can't have a perpetual motion machine even before my morning coffee. But I could not place a scratch on the indoctrination of my youth. Words and truths taught to me by people who barely knew more than I did, and then only because they were holding the answer book in front of them, were impregnable against the might of my mind.
It sounds boastful to say "The might of my mind." I was not Tolstoy. I was no chess grandmaster. I was not close to Richard Feynman. But I had a strong mind and I worked it to make it stronger, and I was frustrated by an immovable object. In terms of physical strength, as an analogy: If mental strength were physical strength, I would not be able to go 12 rounds with a prizefighter. But on the hand, if we were in a bar and I told you to get out, you'd put down your drink and leave. Again, not to boast, merely to tell you what I'm working with here.
One part of my mental workout regimen was a game called "There is No Australia." I would attempt to prove to my long-suffering shipmates that there was no such place as Australia using various clever arguments, and defying them to argue me out of my position by using logic and reason. I never once lost. This game originally arose as a joke, when we had twice gone on a voyage in which we were supposed to stop in Perth, and each time circumstances diverted us. So we started to think that there was no such place as Australia. To this day, I find it useful as a tool to demonstrate principles of logic and of faith.
I can tell you some of the books I read at that time, but not all of them. I remember reading a few passages from the Koran. Richard Carrier, in one of the passages SEG quoted at me, mentioned finding a Taoist text that made perfect sense to him in a way that the Bible never did. I had the opposite experience with reading passages from the Koran. They were meaningless pseudo-religious babbling. Granted, I did not read those passages in the Original Arabic, but what I read was without the form or structure that I have spoken of in the Bible. I found nothing of substance, no grist for the mill. Since then I've studied more about the Koran, and I have come to the conclusion that as a source of truth, it's no better than the local car trader magazine. But that's another story.
I don't remember all of who or what I read. I know that it was much later in my life when a friend challenged me to read _Why I Am Not A Christian_ by Bertrand Russell. Frankly, don't waste your time on it; for a man who was so logical in everything else to be so sloppy when thinking about religion is utterly appalling. As a challenge, please explain his fig tree argument to me in a syllogism. Anyone. Please.
I do remember that I tried to cheat by finding arguments that other people had against God. In those days we didn't have the internet, so I had to go to the San Diego Public Library and find books in bookstores. I found in general that even cheating didn't help. Atheists I found were merely angry against God, like the atheists of whom Chesterton wrote in _Orthodoxy_. They were spoiled Christians, neither close enough to see the function of Christianity nor far enough from it to see it's design and beauty. I had not read Orthodoxy at that time; reading it later was another confirmation that I had made the right choice, as was reading Russell many years later. But I could not find any atheists who had grist for my mill; logical arguments for me to use in my attempt to break down the indoctrination of my youth.
So I remembered a rhetorical technique that one of my brothers used to use against me. When we argued, he would simply ask me a few questions to keep me on the defensive, explaining and explaining and explaining until finally I would say something -- usually quite peripheral and mostly unrelated to the original dispute -- that he could leap onto and hammer me with. In retrospect, it was good training; I've gotten quite good at defending ideas. But I resolved to do this with religion: I would read Christian writers until I found a problem with what they wrote.
Now, those of you who have been down this road will laugh at me. Earlier I tried to dissolve my religion in science, and now I was going to pick my religion apart until I found some piece that could be dissolved in science. But science did not change: It still was not a suitable solvent, no matter what I tried to make of the solute. I read writers like my old friend "Jack," that is, C.S. Lewis. Like Tolstoy, or even Russell, he was a mental giant compared to me. In a mental prize fight, I could make hash of an average man, but Jack could make applesauce out of me.
I read _Mere Christianity_ again. And it still made sense. I read _God in the Dock_ where Lewis put God on trial and brought charges against him -- and I could not fault him even once in bringing the charges to naught. If you think I was too soft on Old Jack, have a go at it yourself. Read _God in the Dock_ and tell me where he went wrong. Please, tell me. I read _Surprised by Joy; The Shape of my Early Life._ You'll never read a more frank and honest biography. In that book, Lewis gives his story, from his childhood and education to the day he abandoned the CoE and became an atheist, his reasoning and his relief at having no God to judge him. He reasoned, and please take note of this, that Hamlet can never speak to Shakespeare because they live in different worlds. Different universes, even. From this he concluded that he could never speak to God, nor God to Him; God was as fictional to Lewis as Hamlet.
In such a state of mind he went to war, near the end of WW1, and returned to Oxford, where he lectured on medieval literature. There he met J.R.R. Tolkein, of _Hobbit_ fame, and his son, Christopher. Both of them were Roman Catholics, but Lewis did not hold that against them. Still, he found himself surrounded by Christians, such as Owen Barfield and Walter Hooper. In time, he saw a problem with his prior reasoning about Hamlet: It might actually be possible for Hamlet to speak to Shakespeare, so long as it was Shakespeare's doing. That is, Shakespeare could write himself into the story of Hamlet as a Character, and then he and Hamlet might converse on a level basis.
That thought shook him. It smacked of the Incarnation. It made him fear that perhaps God might actually be out there, stalking him. People suggested to him that such thoughts were merely "Wish-Fulfillment" fantasies; a pop-psych term in vogue in those days. Lewis would stare down such people and ask them, "Why should a mouse wish for a cat?"
1. What color are the inward parts of a man?
(Answer: There is no color where there is no light).
2. By what infallible rule may a copy be distinguished from an original?
3. A man and his enemy ride the same train to the man's home. Neither can escape the other, nor go faster nor slower. There is a bridge the train must cross. The man's wife sends word to him: Shall she tear down the bridge, that the enemy may not cross, or shall she leave the bridge, that the man may cross. What should he say?
Lewis then finds himself in the house of Wisdom, and the remainder of the book, until the climax, involves his investigations of various schools of thought, seeking one that will save him from religion. In the end, the only way to reach the place he desires to be is through the church.
And again, I could find no fault in him. Okay, he was hung up on arguing against some of the ideas prevalent in his day, which are now obsolete and outdated, but his logic was sound. I was not finding a toehold to tear down his logic.
There were smart people on both sides of the aisle, but the Christians were scoring all the points, while the atheists were merely mocking and making faces. I was starting to see a preponderance of evidence in one direction.
4. I think I reasoned out God, but really just confirmed all my biases while deceiving myself.
So at this point, I think we can decide whether the predictions are correct. The things speaks for itself.
1. I was indeed well and thoroughly indoctrinated. But I think that the charge of confirmation bias and of blind assumptions -- Kripkean Dogmatism -- fail utterly. Indeed, if I were merely blindly asserting my belief in defiance of all logic, what would be the point in my having taught you logic? Why would I carefully show you all the tools of reason if my reason were but blind assumptions?
And I have laid bare the path that down which my reason took me. You see above what I read and what I gleaned from that reading. Now there may be some who can find flaws in my thoughts, and I would welcome those. But no one can allege that I did not expend the full power and force of my intellect in pursuit of the raw and unvarnished truth about God.
So Charge 1 fails. Wrong.
Charge 2, sorry, simply wrong.
Charge 3, well, I've been a sinner, and I still am -- Romans 3:10 and 3:23 you know. But it wasn't some moral crisis that brought me back into the fold. Wrong.
Charge 4... Well, I do think I reasoned out God. I think that the path I've explained above is a clear, reasonable and logical progression to the point where I found myself at that time. I can honestly say that I did not deceive myself. So, again, wrong.
The story will continue. There's more to say. But I think we can dispense with the charges that SEG pre-supposed as how I came to be the Christian I am today.
I tell you, and I think you can see, that I am a smart man. And further, I have invested the full force and power of my not-inconsiderable intellect against this problem. From time to time, SEG suggests that I am a gullible fool. I think that we can dispense with that idea as well. You have seen that I consider ideas carefully, and do not blindly accept all that I am told. And you see how my mind works.
So some of you will be left with a conundrum. Here is a smart man, who reasons well (perhaps I flatter myself) and yet he believes in the Christian God. He's not a gullible fool; he seems to be guided by reason. So perhaps the Christian God is a reasonable inference.
You can escape the point.
Perhaps I'm not so smart after all.
Perhaps I'm lying about reading those books, and you should read them yourself to find where I'm bluffing.
Perhaps I'm lying about how logic works.
Perhaps I'm a figment of your fevered imagination.
But suppose you were to take those principles that I set for myself in the early posts -- That a man is obligated to believe what is true, and that a man should not discard an idea until he can tell where it went wrong. Can you find a place where my reason went wrong? Where I'm lying, thinking poorly, being illogical?
Don't kneejerk here and say "Oh God of the Gaps, and you're Assuming God, Begs the Question!" Really, none of those apply. I've told you how I got to the main point of the crisis, so IF you can legitimately, logically, show a place where my reason failed, then by all means, say so.
To finish on Lewis: He eventually made the concession that he should become a Deist. It was reluctant, begrudging, and against his will, but it was where his logic led him. Later, during a motorcycle ride, he got into a sidecar as a deist and got out convinced that Jesus of Nazareth rose from the dead. Exactly where and how that happened, he could not say. I urge you to read anything that he wrote. You won't be disappointed.
With those three steps, I hope to have completed a sufficiently thorough testimony, and I shall turn the matter over to the judges.
So where did Lewis and other writers leave me?
I had this one proposition that I could not dispose of, namely, that the religion of my youth was in fact true and correct. Now, I was willing to grant a small degree of severability, based on the fact that I knew the faith and the Bible not to be monoliths. Otherwise, I could simply have scanned until I found a misplaced semi-colon and blown the whistle -- "Look! A semi-colon that should be a colon! Foul!" -- but I was looking for a reasonable inference, and not an excuse to dismiss. An example of this would be in, for example, Genesis 41:49, in which Joseph gathered corn. Corn was not known in Egypt ca. 2000 BC/BCE, thus Joseph could not gather corn.
But Corn is the term used here by the KJV translators of 1611, who knew corn. They should have said "wheat," and elsewhere in the Bible Strong's word H1250 is translated as "Wheat." So while that would seem to be a contradiction, it was not. I was willing to sever errors like that in translation, and still retain the intended meanings. And I believe that this is the reasonable approach, whether we are interpreting ancient texts on the Sunday newspaper.
That proposition --the religion of my youth -- had a certain amount of support, in that there were some very smart writers, such as Lewis, who endorsed it. I could have called Lewis a gullible old fool and thrown out his writings, but honestly, the man was extremely smart, extremely well-read, and extremely logical. It would have been pretty horribly arrogant of me to say that I, a fool on a ship, knew more than the careful reasoning of an Oxford Lecturer and later Cambridge Don -- First Chair of the Cambridge Department of Medieval and Renaissance literature. On the other side of the aisle, however, were very smart men like Bertrand Russell.
But in Russell I found nothing but scoffing and ridicule, and formed a new personal rule: Ridicule is not refutation.
Sign A: Only this sign is true.
Sign B: Both signs are true.
To use the Reductio here to disprove sign B, we would say, "Suppose Ad Argumentum (for the sake of the argument) that Sign B is true. Then that would mean that sign A is also true. But sign A implicitly states that sign B is false. Thus if sign B is true, then it is also false; this is a contradiction, also called an absurdity; therefore sign B is false."
Thus, merely being able to scoff at a thing, or to say that it is silly, is insufficient to prove it wrong. Thus Bertrand Russell, boiled down, really said nothing of relevance.
I hadn't yet read Tolstoy's Confession, only his War and Peace. But I had to agree with him that if Life had meaning, it came from outside. Solomon and Kafka had convinced me that there was no meaning to be found from within this life, and watching Camus struggle with the same question, and having no better explanation for why Mersault shot the Arab five times than to simply say, "C'etait chaud..." Well, if life had meaning, it came from somewhere outside this life.
GP: If life has meaning, then it comes from outside of this life.
I did, and I do, believe that life has an objective meaning. I think that most people believe this, though few can say why. It just seems like there's more to this life than what we see. If there's no objective meaning, then there's no justice; It's just a word we use to fight for more of what we want. If there's no objective meaning then there's no love; it's just a word we use for how we get what we want from other people, using them to trigger our chemical release of endorphins.
Lewis remarked on this in Mere Christianity. He says, "Mankind is the only species afraid of the bones of its own kind." I have had avowed atheists tell me in one breath that there is nothing spiritual and nothing numinous, then in the next breath tell me of their encounter with a ghost. I've had an atheist tell me that he embraced Taoism, and then quickly retreat: Not all the spiritual taproot and yin/yang business, you understand, but only the philosophical aspects. This would be like someone saying that they embraced Christianity, but only the moral teachings, you know, like Jefferson -- If you've read the New Testament, you know what mental gymnastics Jefferson had to undertake to subtract the spiritual teachings from the moral.
So if there is nothing numinous, nothing objective, nothing spiritual, why do we feel that there should be? Lewis compared this to a fish realizing that it was wet. How would a fish know that it was wet unless it also realized that somewhere there is a place where things are dry? And from this Lewis argued for his NeoPlatonist views, which we talked about above.
I was not ready to plunge back into Christianity just because Lewis did. I did find that I had to concede that there was something to this religion thing, because how else would a fish know that he was wet? Why else would men fear the bones of other men? Why else would we find graveyards a bit spooky, or even have a word that means spooky?
So I began to examine religions.
If all religions are the same, then the Amish who live in peace with God, man, and nature, who will not lift a punitive finger against their livestock, are on the same level of spiritual integrity as the Mayans, who ripped the beating hearts of their enemies from their chests. That is an absurdity; a contradiction in terms. Now, there is one way that "All religions can be the same" and that is if they are all false. Then their incompatibilities are meaningless. But if we say that, then we need not mention religion at all: It reduces to atheism.
Since the question under examination is: "If, ad absurdum, a religion is correct, which one is it?" to say "None" was a solution of exclusion; that is, only when all had been examined could that be the answer.
And this did give me an out, logically speaking. If I could assert that no religion was correct, then I had a bar against Lewis' assertion that mankind is afraid of the bones of his own kind. I could claim a draw, or a stalemate, and retreat with honor from the field, having not won but also having not lost. So I examined religions.
GP: If there is a god, then he has been worshiped from ancient times until today.
SP: Many ancient religions have fallen into abeyance.
C: Thus they are wrong.
Now, you can attack the GP here, but the method is solid, and no terms is ambiguous. So I remain confident of this syllogism.
The gods of Egypt, of Greece, of Rome, of Norway, of Syrio-Phoenicia and Carthage (THANK GOD!) all fell by the wayside.
Pantheistic religions, Abrahamic religions, Taoism, Confucianism, and Shinto.
1. Only this religion (x) is true.
2. Both this religion (y) and the one above is true.
Any religion with an exclusivity clause can be placed in the first premise as "x;" any religion that embraces another can be placed in the second as "y;" and we will find ourselves in the same place we were when we talked about Reduction to absurdity, above.
Christianity is exclusive: John 14:6 tells us, in pertinent part, "... No man comes to the Father but by me."
Judaism is exclusive: Isaiah 43:10 tells us, in pertinent part, "... Before Me there was no God formed, / And there will be none after Me."
Islam is exclusive: The Salaat tells us "There is no god but allah, and Muhammad is his prophet."
Shinto tells us that you may be Shinto and another religion, such as Christian.
Hare Krshna tells us that you may use "Christ Consciousness" to achieve "nirvana."
Hinduism and Buddhism teach that what you actually call your religion is not important, so long as it follows the eight-fold path.
To my knowledge, Confucianism and Taoism say nothing with respect to exclusivity.
So pantheism is eliminated, and with it Shinto.
Earlier, I had accepted as a general premise that the meaning of life comes from without this life.
Confucianism and Taoism both involve the acceptance of this life and the flow of energy. They do not acknowledge an external meaning, nor a personal God. In what may be called a pun, I asked myself, "If life has meaning, doesn't that imply that there is someone who means it?" My point here is like that of Socrates, when he answered the charge that he was an atheist: "Can a man believe in horsemanship and not believe in horses?"
I posited that the Confucian and Taoist faiths were like believing in horsemanship without believing in horses, and because of that contradiction, I excluded them.
I was left with the Abrahamic religions.
But there was a second screen in my second sieve. Islam was clear in its exclusivity, and yet, Islam acknowledges Issa (Jesus) and calls him a great prophet. It states that he was the greatest of men, born from a virgin (in the narrowest sense), prophesied while still in the womb, and gave life to clay doves. No one else in Islam is attributed with such qualities; not even Mohammad himself.
C: Religion y, Islam, is false.
But even if we reject that reduction to absurdity, we are faced with another paradox: Islam states that Jesus (Issa) was a prophet and a great man, but merely human. The very big problem with that is this: Jesus was not a great human. Chesterton makes this clear in The Everlasting Man, Lewis in Mere Christianity, and finally McDowell summarizes it in More than a Carpenter. Either Jesus was the most evil of humans, or else He was God incarnate. You can't have it both ways.
So I was left with Judaism and Christianity. Like I would later find in G.K.Chesterton, I was the navigation impaired explorer who traveled thousands of miles, planted a flag on a beach to claim it for God and King, and then discovered that it was Brighton Beach, and that I was not the first, but merely the last to set foot there.
I can explain easily why I rejected Judaism, and why I did so gently.
Christianity is the fulfillment of Judaism. The Maschiah, Coming King, Suffering Servant, Son of Man, Son of God, Son of David, Priest after the Order of Melchizedek -- I already knew Him. I had met Him in my earliest childhood, and had played on the grounds of His house. I had eaten his bread and drank his wine, just like Abraham before me.
The entire book of Hebrews discusses this idea, so I will not confound the words of Barnabas by filtering them through my own keyboard. Suffice it to say that I had come full circle.
Now, I might have rejected the New Testament at this point, but I had already done studies, years before, on the reliability of the scriptures. I had nowhere to run. I was faced by Jesus of Nazareth saying "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life," and "Truly I tell you, before Abraham was, I am" and admitting to the sanhedrin, when forced to speak against the charge, that "As thou sayest, and truly I tell you, that you shall see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the father." I knew what he had done when Peter had called him the Christ, the Son of the Living God. He did not tear his clothes, as blasphemy required; He instead praised Peter, for flesh and blood did not reveal this to him. When Thomas fell to his knees and cried out, "My Lord and My God!" Jesus accepted this title also, and received his worship. When Pilate asked, "Are you the King of the Jews?" Jesus answered, "It is as you say, but my Kingdom is not of this world."
Lewis makes it clear in _Mere Christianity_ that there are three things we can believe: That He was a cruel and evil demoniac, That he was as insane as a man who thinks he is a poached egg, or that He was the Son of God.
The first two were excluded for me. I had read the writings of the Wise King. I understood how the eye is the window of the soul, and how by worry a man cannot add one hair to his head. These were not the sayings of a demoniac nor a lunatic.
And so I knelt one night in a dark room near the Fo'c's'l of the ship -- the transverse room just abaft frame 54, if you're familiar with Knox-class. There I recommitted my life to Jesus, the only begotten son of God, who is Lord of All, and has come to Earth in the flesh.
That was the end of my intellectual struggle: Across the seas and back to find myself where I started: In the arms of Mother Kirk.
1 Who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed?
2 For He grew up before Him like a tender shoot, And like a root out of parched ground; He has no [stately] form or majesty That we should look upon Him, Nor appearance that we should be attracted to Him.
3 He was despised and forsaken of men, A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; And like one from whom men hide their face He was despised, and we did not esteem Him.
4 Surely our griefs He Himself bore, And our sorrows He carried; Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted.
5 But He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; The chastening for our well-being [fell] upon Him, And by His scourging we are healed.
6 All of us like sheep have gone astray, Each of us has turned to his own way; But the LORD has caused the iniquity of us all To fall on Him.
7 He was oppressed and He was afflicted, Yet He did not open His mouth; Like a lamb that is led to slaughter, And like a sheep that is silent before its shearers, So He did not open His mouth.
9 His grave was assigned with wicked men, Yet He was with a rich man in His death, Because He had done no violence, Nor was there any deceit in His mouth.
10 But the LORD was pleased To crush Him, putting [Him] to grief; If He would render Himself [as] a guilt offering, He will see [His] offspring, He will prolong [His] days, And the good pleasure of the LORD will prosper in His hand.
11 As a result of the anguish of His soul, He will see [it and] be satisfied; By His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, will justify the many, As He will bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore, I will allot Him a portion with the great, And He will divide the booty with the strong; Because He poured out Himself to death, And was numbered with the transgressors; Yet He Himself bore the sin of many, And interceded for the transgressors.
It floored me. Who does the prophet describe, if not Jesus, pierced through for our transgressions, and silent before his accusers, being scourged that we may be healed, numbered with transgressors, but with a rich man in his death, a guilt offering, but he will see his offspring and will prosper -- how if he is dead, except that he be resurrected again.
Now you will say to me: Don't use the Bible to prove the Bible! I am not; I am showing how the Spirit brought this Word to life within me as I read it. I do not expect you to feel as I did on reading this passage, but to me, as I read it, the Spirit said, "See? You were right. You chose well." No audible voice, but the overwhelming feeling of assurance and confidence.
Psa 22:1-19 NASB] 1 For the choir director; upon Aijeleth Hashshahar. A Psalm of David.
My God, my God, why have You forsaken me? Far from my deliverance are the words of my groaning.
2 O my God, I cry by day, but You do not answer; And by night, but I have no rest.
3 Yet You are holy, O You who are enthroned upon the praises of Israel.
4 In You our fathers trusted; They trusted and You delivered them.
5 To You they cried out and were delivered; In You they trusted and were not disappointed.
6 But I am a worm and not a man, A reproach of men and despised by the people.
8 "Commit [yourself] to the LORD; let Him deliver him; Let Him rescue him, because He delights in him."
9 Yet You are He who brought me forth from the womb; You made me trust [when] upon my mother's breasts.
10 Upon You I was cast from birth; You have been my God from my mother's womb.
11 Be not far from me, for trouble is near; For there is none to help.
12 Many bulls have surrounded me; Strong [bulls] of Bashan have encircled me.
13 They open wide their mouth at me, As a ravening and a roaring lion.
14 I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint; My heart is like wax; It is melted within me.
15 My strength is dried up like a potsherd, And my tongue cleaves to my jaws; And You lay me in the dust of death.
16 For dogs have surrounded me; A band of evildoers has encompassed me; They pierced my hands and my feet.
18 They divide my garments among them, And for my clothing they cast lots.
19 But You, O LORD, be not far off; O You my help, hasten to my assistance.
This is pretty much a subjective first-person description of crucifixion, and Psalm 22:1 is one of the things Jesus said on the cross: Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani.
Again, I had to stop and ask my friends, "Hey, have you read this?" And again I found myself amazed at the prophetic word. The Bible spoke to me through this passage: I knew beyond knowing that the Spirit was confirming my decision to follow Christ.
Yes, in this post I'm telling you of emotional and subjective personal spiritual evidence, but again,nothing in this post is meant to convince you of anything. I am including it only because it was a part of my spiritual journey, and I want that to be complete.
There was intellectual confirmation as well. A year or two later, when I read Tolstoy's Confession, I said to myself, "Yes, I knew it!" because Tolstoy confirmed what I already knew: There is no meaning without God, the assumption that there is no God is an error because it makes every equation an identity, and there is only one bridge connecting the finite to the infinite: The church. To connect the finite and the infinite, we must have the infinite in our equations.
I read Perelandra, and it made sense to me. I had been carried along by that stream just like the Green Lady, and in reading that book, Maleldil made me older.
Later still I read Till We Have Faces, a book I had started and lost in library of my local college before all of this began. I read Chesterton's The Everlasting Man, and still the Spirit tells me that the words in it are true, even as my mind tests Chesterton's reasoning.
Now, I hesitate to catalog my experiences, but because I said that I would, I will. We are not to cast our pearls before swine, to be trampled into the mud, after all.
Understand, my intellectual journey, above, is sufficient without these. I could leave it there and you would have my testimony: All the essential parts. Also, and let's be clear: I don't expect you to accept what I tell you here. This happened to me, and I read it in this way, and you can argue P-values until we all expire of old age. But these things, along with my intellectual journey, help to confirm it to my mind.
On one occasion I prayed and saw God. It was, for me, a time of spiritual coldness, and I was going through rituals of prayer, not expecting any supernatural confirmation. I knelt at an altar, knowing it to be a wooden frame with fake leather stretched over it at a convenient height to rest one's elbows. I was wide awake, not under the influence of any substance, not sleep-deprived, not hungry, in good health physically and emotionally, and there was nothing to make me think that I was psychotic, delusional, or hallucinating.
And yet when I closed my eyes I was kneeling in the throne room of God, at his feet, afraid to look up at Him. At his right hand stood Jesus Christ. And to my trembling soul there seemed to be a message: "Are you through fooling around?"
I opened my eyes at once and the vision was gone; still I trembled. With a burst of determination, I closed my eyes, and once more transported to the throne-room of Almighty God, I said a prayer of three words -- the shortest I could compose under the circumstances -- then I quickly got up and moved hastily back to my seat. A friend later chided me: "Why did you even go up there? You barely even knelt then you got up and came back!" I had no words.
There was no lost time, no swoon, no dream: The friend confirmed the brevity of the experience. I am sure that the right drugs or the right electromagnetic environment could make me feel that presence and that message in a similar fashion -- but there were no drugs, and no electromagnets.
I don't expect you to be convinced. I expect you to say, "Pfft. Og, you just had a hypnogogic hallucination! Happens all the time." And you are welcome to believe that. But I saw what I saw.
God spoke to me through the radio. It was during my period of depression, and I was driving in my car. It was a Country/Western station, and the announcer stated that the next song was a dedication. I said, as a game, "I'll pretend it's a message for me." I knew it wasn't but I was going to see what if it was, like opening a fortune cookie. The song was "On the Wings of a Dove," a song about God's love for me.
Even though I was walking apart from Him, and even though I wasn't sure I believed in Him, that song broke my heart. I started weeping uncontrollably, and had to park my car until I was able to stop sobbing. It is uncharacteristic for me to be so emotional, but I was literally out of control at that moment.
“Look at the birds of the air, that they do not sow, nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not worth much more than they?"
I was teaching Sunday School in those days, for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd graders (6-8 years old). I opened the teacher book to study the lesson (didn't want one of those tykes to outsmart me, after all) and discovered that the passage we were teaching that week was Matthew 6:25-33. Which includes v.26, and goes on to make the same point several more times. I shook my head and said, "Once is chance, twice is coincidence, three times is conspiracy."
That Friday, I was going to a men's church event, and overnight camp at a nearby lodge. On Friday night, before the speaker started, we were all sitting around, and for no reason whatsoever, a man sitting directly in front of me -- a man named BIRD -- spontaneously remarked: "My favorite verse in the entire Bible is Matthew 6:26, "Behold the BIRDs of the air, that do not sow, neither do they reap, and yet your Heavenly Father feeds them." He grinned. "I've always thought that had a personal application for me."
But again, it was a message to me, not to you. Doubt it if you want; you won't hurt my feelings.
And two weeks later I got a job I had applied for. I'd been applying for different jobs for months, from long before I lost my job. It was like dropping rocks into the ocean. But this job came just when I needed it, and just after God had assured me that He had it under control.
There are others. There are times I've prayed and almost as soon as I spoke there was an answer in my mind. There are times someone has spoken to me and it seemed as if certain of their words were aimed at me in a different context. There are times I've read something in a book, and the next day at church someone will come up to me and start talking about that book. There have been times a pastor's sermon was so clearly aimed at me that I started suspecting he'd been reading my mail.
Again, not convincing to you: Not supposed to be. But I have felt the hand of God, and am convinced that He has acted in my life. You may disagree and if you do, you have a right to be wrong. | 2019-04-21T22:34:22Z | http://www.achristianandanatheist.com/PHPBBFORUM/viewtopic.php?t=131&p=5433 |
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A sales funnel positively impacts the idea procedure of your site visitors to earn the decision to go forward with your goal. This is essentially considering that little press a salesperson would certainly offer in a physical store to ultimately comprise the state of mind to proceed with a purchase.
An internet site is comparable to a digital store, as well as the function of putting a big investment into designing a site is to ultimately assist enhance the income of your organisation. Lots of people, specifically the startups as well as the entrepreneurs who are brand-new to the online company world emphasis way too much on the appearances of the layout to think about whether it is efficient enough to really make a sale.
You might spend a great deal of loan to work with the best web designers as well as developers, and they might also deliver a terrific looking website to you, yet if you have to consider the sales procedure within the internet site, your financial investment will only cost you cash without a return. This is why you have to buy Click Funnels. A website developed through that service is laser-focused to supply wonderful advertising as well as sales results from the beginning to the end. Following are the 4 important things that a well chose and put sales funnels do.
Drawing in brand-new visitors to the web site is the initial as well as one of the most essential jobs that a sales funnel does. This is the mouth of the channel. This stage is narrower as well as in the following step of the channel and also ought to be well maintained since they are most likely to make a purchase in the following few stages as long as you maintain them pleased.
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helpful tips There are numerous companies with excellent prospective that fall short due to the absence of expertise the creators have about marketing or actually making a sale.
helpful tips An internet site without a sales channel is the same, which is why you need to purchase Click Funnels in order to obtain the most number of sales feasible.
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helpful tips Click Funnels have created an array of sales funnels that can lead you to achieve your goals by taking your site visitors with a well believed out sales funnels.
A sales channel positively impacts the mind of your site visitors making the choice to move forward with your objective. This is basically considering that little press a sales representative would give in a physical store to finally comprise the way of thinking to go in advance with an acquisition.
An internet site is similar to a digital shop, and the function of placing a huge investment right into developing a site is to inevitably aid raise the income of your organisation. Many people, especially the startups as well as the business owners who are brand-new to the online service world focus excessive on the appearances of the design to think about whether it works enough to in fact make a sale.
You might invest a great deal of money to employ the very best internet developers and designers, and they may even provide an excellent looking web site to you, yet if you have to think of the sales procedure within the website, your financial investment will only cost you money without a return. This is why you should purchase Click Funnels. An internet site developed with that solution is laser-focused to deliver excellent marketing as well as sales results from the beginning to the end. Following are the four main things that a well picked as well as positioned sales funnels do.
Drawing in brand-new site visitors to the website is the very first as well as among the most important tasks that a sales channel does. This is the mouth of the funnel.
The helpful tips larger the number of visitors attracted to the web site, the extra energetic customers there will certainly go to the end. This is done by eye-catching designs as well as design templates of sites, easy to use user interfaces and also very easy social media showcases that assistance impressed site visitors to get the word out. The conversion procedure is when a plain site visitor comes to be a prospective client, which is a lead. This stage is narrower and in the next step of the channel and should be well kept given that they are most likely to make an acquisition in the following couple of stages as long as you keep them impressed.
Closing is the last of a channel where a lead ends up being a consumer. They actively make the order and also purchase your product, sign up for your newsletter or basically do exactly what you intended them to do by developing the funnel. Following degree is client retention or keeping them happy with your item or the purchase, so they come to be return clients.
helpful tips It is an incredibly popular– and also rather terrifying– figure that everybody in the organisation world has listened to that “90% of the startups fail”. If you take a look at these stopped working companies which when began with much vitality and also interest, they hardly ever fail since the principle or the idea of business itself misbehaved.
helpful tipsThere are lots of companies with wonderful possible that fail because of the absence of understanding the owners have regarding marketing or in fact making a sale.
helpful tips It is similar to a cars and truck sale without a salesperson. There will certainly be many visitors that come to see the automobiles, however without that added press, there will be no sales. A web site without a sales funnel is the same, which is why you should purchase Click Funnels to get one of the most variety of sales feasible.
Click Funnels provide you with a pre-designed and also well-curated sales channel which will take your site visitors via a convincing trip that will certainly make them purchase your product at the end.
helpful tips Click Funnels have produced a range of sales funnels that could lead you to achieve your purposes by taking your site visitors with a well thought out sales funnels.
A sales funnel positively affects the thought process of your site visitors making the decision to move forward with your purpose. This is essentially considering that little push a salesperson would certainly give up a physical shop to ultimately compose the state of mind to proceed with an acquisition.
A website resembles a digital store, and also the purpose of putting a huge investment right into developing a website is to ultimately assist boost the earnings of your service. Lots of people, especially the startups and the business owners that are brand-new to the online business world emphasis excessive on the looks of the style to think about whether it is efficient enough to really make a sale.
This is why you need to get Click Funnels. Complying with are the four main things that a well picked and placed sales funnels do.
Attracting new visitors to the site is the very first and one of one of the most vital tasks that a sales funnel does. This is the mouth of the funnel.
The helpful tips bigger the variety of site visitors attracted to the site, the extra energetic consumers there will certainly be at the end. This is done by attractive layouts and also themes of web sites, easy to use user interfaces and also easy social networks features that aid impressed site visitors to get the word out. The conversion process is when a plain site visitor ends up being a possible consumer, which is a lead. This stage is narrower as well as in the next action of the funnel and also must be well maintained because they are most likely making an acquisition in the next couple of phases as long as you keep them pleased.
Closing is the final stage of a funnel where a lead ends up being a client. They proactively make the order as well as acquire your item, authorize up for your newsletter or essentially do exactly what you intended them to do by producing the funnel. Next degree is consumer retention or keeping them delighted with your product or the acquisition, so they end up being return customers.
helpful tips It is a popular– as well as instead frightening– fact that everyone in business globe has actually listened to that “90% of the start-ups fail”. If you take a look at these stopped working companies which when began with much vigor as well as excitement, they rarely fall short due to the fact that the idea or the concept of business itself was negative.
helpful tipsThere are lots of companies with terrific possible that stop working because of the absence of expertise the founders have concerning advertising or really making a sale.
It does not matter how fantastic your item or the solution is if you do not know ways to transform your introduce conversions.
helpful tips It resembles a cars and truck sale without a sales representative. There will be lots of visitors that concern see the vehicles, yet without that included press, there will be no sales. A website without a sales funnel is the very same, which is why you require to get Click Funnels in order to obtain one of the most variety of sales possible.
Click Funnels give you with a pre-designed and well-curated sales funnel which will take your site visitors through a convincing journey that will make them purchase your item at the end. This last objective can be various depending upon the product that you offer or the solution that you use. Click Funnels have created a variety of sales funnels that could lead you to attain your goals by taking your visitors through a well assumed out sales funnels. Following are some of the purposes which can be met by a sales funnels.
A sales channel favorably influences the idea procedure of your site visitors to earn the decision to move forward with your objective. This is basically considering that little press a sales representative would give in a physical shop to ultimately comprise the state of mind to proceed with an acquisition.
A site resembles a virtual store, as well as the objective of placing a large financial investment into designing a web site is to ultimately assist increase the earnings of your company. Many people, specifically the startups and the business owners that are new to the online business world focus also much on the looks of the layout to think about whether it is efficient sufficient to actually make a sale.
Drawing in brand-new visitors to the website is the initial as well as one of the most vital tasks that a sales channel does. This is the mouth of the channel.
The helpful tips larger the variety of site visitors attracted to the web site, the extra energetic consumers there will certainly be at completion. This is done by eye-catching designs and also themes of internet sites, straightforward user interfaces and also very easy social networks features that aid pleased site visitors to get the word out. The conversion procedure is when a mere site visitor ends up being a potential customer, which is a lead. This stage is narrower and also in the following step of the channel and must be well kept because they are likely to make an acquisition in the following few stages as long as you maintain them amazed.
Closing is the last of a funnel where a lead comes to be a client. They proactively make the order as well as buy your item, register for your newsletter or generally do exactly what you planned them to do by producing the funnel. Next degree is customer retention or maintaining them thrilled with your item or the acquisition, so they come to be return customers.
helpful tips It is a popular– as well as rather terrifying– statistic that everybody in the business globe has heard that “90% of the startups fail”. If you take a look at these failed businesses which as soon as began with much vitality as well as enthusiasm, they hardly ever fail due to the fact that the principle or the idea of business itself was bad.
helpful tipsThere are many services with excellent potential that fall short as a result of the absence of expertise the owners have regarding advertising or really making a sale.
It does not matter exactly how excellent your item or the solution is if you do not recognize how you can transform your introduce conversions.
helpful tips It is comparable to a cars and truck sale without a salesman. There will be many site visitors who involve see the autos, yet without that included press, there will be no sales. An internet site without a sales channel is the exact same, which is why you have to purchase Click Funnels so as to get one of the most variety of sales possible.
Click Funnels provide you with a pre-designed and also well-curated sales channel which will certainly take your site visitors through a persuading journey that will certainly make them buy your product at the end. This last goal can be various depending upon the product that you sell or the solution that you offer. Click Funnels have actually created a range of sales funnels that can lead you to achieve your goals by taking your site visitors via a well believed out sales funnels. Following are some of the purposes which could be satisfied by a sales funnels.
A sales funnel favorably impacts the thought process of your visitors making the decision to go onward with your objective. This is much more or less offering that little press a salesman would certainly give up a physical shop to lastly compose the attitude to go in advance with a purchase.
A web site resembles a digital shop, and the purpose of putting a huge investment into creating a site is to inevitably aid enhance the income of your company. Many people, especially the start-ups and also the business owners that are brand-new to the online organisation globe focus excessive on the looks of the layout to think about whether it is reliable enough to in fact make a sale.
You might spend a great deal of money to work with the very best web developers and also designers, and they might even provide an excellent looking website to you, but if you have to think regarding the sales procedure within the site, your financial investment will only cost you loan without a return. This is why you should get Click Funnels. A site produced via that solution is laser-focused to deliver great advertising and also sales effects from the beginning throughout. Adhering to are the four important things that a well selected as well as positioned sales funnels do.
Bring in new site visitors to the website is the initial and also among the most essential jobs that a sales funnel does. This is the mouth of the funnel.
The helpful tips larger the number of visitors drew in to the internet site, the a lot more active clients there will go to completion. This is done by eye-catching layouts and also templates of websites, easy to use interfaces and also simple social networks features that assistance satisfied visitors to get the word out. The conversion procedure is when a plain site visitor becomes a potential client, which is a lead. This phase is narrower as well as in the next step of the channel and need to be well kept considering that they are likely to make a purchase in the following couple of stages as long as you maintain them amazed.
Closing is the last of a funnel where a lead becomes a client. They actively make the order as well as purchase your product, authorize up for your e-newsletter or essentially do just what you meant them to do by producing the funnel. Next level is client retention or maintaining them happy with your item or the acquisition, so they become return consumers.
helpful tips It is a very preferred– as well as instead frightening– figure that everybody in business world has heard that “90% of the startups fall short”. If you have a look at these stopped working organisations which once began with much vigor as well as enthusiasm, they hardly ever fail since the idea or the concept of business itself misbehaved.
helpful tipsThere are lots of companies with terrific prospective that fail due to the lack of expertise the founders have about advertising or really making a sale.
It does not matter how great your item or the service is if you do not recognize the best ways to turn your introduce conversions.
helpful tips It is comparable to a vehicle sale without a salesperson. There will certainly be many visitors that concern see the cars, however without that included press, there will be no sales. A site without a sales channel coincides, which is why you have to purchase Click Funnels so as to get the most number of sales feasible.
Click Funnels supply you with a pre-designed and also well-curated sales channel which will certainly take your site visitors via a persuading trip that will certainly make them acquire your product at the end. This final goal could be different depending on the product that you sell or the service that you use. Click Funnels have actually developed an array of sales funnels that can lead you to achieve your goals by taking your site visitors via a well assumed out sales funnels. Following are some of the objectives which could be satisfied by a sales funnels.
A sales funnel positively affects the idea process of your site visitors to earn the choice to move forward with your purpose. This is essentially offering that little press a sales representative would offer in a physical store to lastly compose the frame of mind to go ahead with an acquisition.
A web site resembles a digital store, as well as the objective of putting a large financial investment right into designing an internet site is to inevitably help raise the earnings of your company. The majority of people, specifically the start-ups and the entrepreneurs that are brand-new to the online service world focus too a lot on the appearances of the layout to take into consideration whether it is effective sufficient to really make a sale.
This is why you need to acquire Click Funnels. Complying with are the four main things that a well chose as well as placed sales funnels do.
Drawing in new visitors to the internet site is the first and also one of the most essential tasks that a sales channel does. This is the mouth of the channel.
The helpful tips bigger the variety of site visitors attracted to the internet site, the extra active clients there will go to completion. This is done by attractive designs as well as layouts of internet sites, user-friendly user interfaces as well as easy social media showcases that aid impressed visitors to get the word out. The conversion procedure is when a mere site visitor ends up being a prospective client, which is a lead. This phase is narrower as well as in the following action of the funnel and should be well kept given that they are most likely to make an acquisition in the following few phases as long as you keep them pleased.
Closing is the last of a funnel where a lead comes to be a client. They actively make the order and purchase your item, enroll in your e-newsletter or basically do what you planned them to do by creating the channel. Next level is client retention or keeping them thrilled with your product or the purchase, so they end up being return customers.
helpful tips There are many organisations with great prospective that fall short due to the absence of knowledge the owners have about advertising or in fact making a sale.
helpful tips A web site without a sales funnel is the exact same, which is why you need to buy Click Funnels in order to get the most number of sales feasible.
Click Funnels supply you with a pre-designed and well-curated sales funnel which will certainly take your site visitors via a persuading journey that will certainly make them buy your item at the end. This final goal can be different depending upon the item that you market or the service that you provide. However, Click Funnels have created a variety of sales funnels that could lead you to achieve your objectives by taking your visitors through a well thought out sales funnels. Complying with are several of the goals which can be fulfilled by a sales funnels.
A sales funnel favorably impacts the idea process of your site visitors to earn the choice to move forward with your goal. This is essentially considering that little push a salesperson would certainly give up a physical store to finally compose the frame of mind to go in advance with an acquisition.
A website resembles a virtual shop, as well as the purpose of placing a huge investment into designing a website is to eventually help boost the profits of your organisation. Many people, specifically the start-ups as well as the entrepreneurs who are new to the online company globe focus excessive on the looks of the layout to think about whether it is reliable enough to in fact make a sale.
This is why you require to acquire Click Funnels. Complying with are the four primary points that a well selected and placed sales funnels do.
Drawing in new visitors to the website is the first and among one of the most crucial tasks that a sales channel does. This is the mouth of the funnel.
The helpful tips larger the variety of site visitors drew in to the site, the much more active customers there will be at completion. This is done by eye-catching styles and layouts of sites, straightforward interfaces as well as easy social media sites features that aid satisfied site visitors to spread out the word. The conversion process is when a plain site visitor ends up being a prospective consumer, which is a lead. This phase is narrower as well as in the next step of the channel and ought to be well kept because they are likely to make an acquisition in the following few phases as long as you keep them pleased.
Closing is the last phase of a channel where a lead comes to be a consumer. They actively make the order and buy your item, sign up for your newsletter or basically do just what you planned them to do by producing the channel. Following level is consumer retention or keeping them pleased with your product or the purchase, so they become return clients. | 2019-04-18T15:26:04Z | https://oldjewstellingjokesonstage.com/helpful-tips/ |
The search for universal agreement is much like the search for perpetual motion machines. Success would allow us to replace trade-offs with clean solutions, to transcend the ugly reality of compromises, limitations, and angst, to reach utopia. It would profoundly change the world and it often seems so deceptively close: just one lever or argument away. But approaches that depend on universal agreement are non-starters in the same way that perpetual motion machines are. And as with perpetual motion machines, people will continue to spend their lives on the impossible because they confuse it with the merely difficult.
The flaws in execution and strategy dominate our attention because they are readily apparent. But it is the limitations of models, meta-capabilities, and goals that set theoretical limits on the level of convergence that can be achieved.
If you expose yourself to a sufficient number of people and arguments, you’ll experience an unsettling realization that apparently solid and universal truths aren’t obvious to, or shared by, everyone. You optimistically try to understand the actions of another, or confidently try to justify your own, when it finally hits you that they don’t share your premises. The easiest way to viscerally experience this is in the matters of faith, morality, or tradition.
The simplest, and most common, response is to deny that objectivity of our premises has been questioned: instead, we assume that others misunderstand or don’t act in good faith. The alternative is to consider that one or both of us may act from unexamined assumptions: that magic made complex abstractions seem like obvious truths. We can then unpack these abstractions, trace them to their fundamental truths, and attempt to agree on those.
We scarcely consider questioning whether truth is accessible or accurate models beneficial. We’ve experienced desirability of such premises so often that much of our functioning depends on them. The quest for universal agreement rests on the belief that there are models that are true, accessible, and shareable; and that our failure to discover and converge on such models is therefore a failure of execution.
But as we unpack the unexamined assumptions that we previously thought were truths, we find that the more basic truths they rest on are themselves unexamined assumptions protected by magic. As we unweave our models, we find each solid fact morph into a vague premise that requires clarification and defence on evermore fundamental basis.
If we conscientiously continue to unwrap the magic in our models, we’ll eventually reach foundations that are rooted in biology and inductive learning. Foundations, which are themselves magical abstractions of complex, low-level, and obscure processes.
Even assumptions as basic as the objectivity of sensory input rest on questionable premises. We aren’t privy to raw sensory input: what we see is the heavily processed output of our brains’ models, which themselves rest on biological and learned axioms, with all the biases and inaccuracies this leads to. Even the inputs into these models don’t offer clean, raw information because they are provided by biological sensors, which evolved for more pragmatic purposes.
What is ultimately underneath models aren’t facts, but axioms: premises that we take for granted and do not defend. Because the choice of fundamental axioms depends on the specifics of our genetics and experiences, it is not possible to escape their variability and thus the subjectivity and plurality of models that are built on them.
No matter how deeply you dig, you will always stand on assumptions. This doesn’t prove that objective facts do not exist, but it does mean that perception and interpretation of such facts will be colored by axioms and thus remain open to disagreement.
How are we to resolve such disagreements? Or, even if we could converge on a set of objective truths, how are we to turn them into models, strategies, and actions? How are we to communicate and adjust them? Indeed, how is the process of unpacking our models, which we took for granted in the last section, even to take place?
The quest for universal agreement assumes that true conclusions flow objectively and unambiguously from true premises, that the methods we use to evaluate, infer, communicate, and convince are universally valid and accepted. If a chain of deductions fails to produce true conclusions, then there must be a mistake in execution: the facts were wrong or the deductions were flawed.
The methods that allow us to arbitrate between models, proceed from premises to conclusions, make sense of evidence and arguments, and do just about every other information processing task are the essence of our meta-capabilities. They include ways to evaluate coherence, such as the rules of logic; to test theories, such as the scientific method; to communicate, such as language; and to perform numerous other fundamental tasks.
But if you study these methods enough you’ll again experience an unsettling realization that none of them can be taken for granted. They themselves rest on models which, when unpacked, rest on axioms. There are disagreements on the most seemingly obvious of fundamentals: on the correct type of logic or even the validity of logic; on the nature of statistics or mathematics; on the objectivity of science, values, or facts; on the nature of reality, perception, or consciousness; on the definitions of words, expressiveness of language, or understanding of communication; and on many other subjects.
Furthermore, there is a long history of attempts to reach agreement on topics like these that spans thousands of years and is the essence of philosophy. The only constant of this effort is an ever-expanding tree of axioms, schools, and methods that drives home how much there is for us to disagree on, even with the highest intelligence and the best of intentions.
If these disagreements seem like academic abstractions that belabor the obvious, it is probably because you still believe that your premises are universally true and disagreements are a matter of ignorance or bad faith. Even pluralistic ideas like tolerance, markets, and democracy are still premises that claim universality; there is no agreement on their meaning, correctness, or implications. It is precisely because magical truths appear too obvious to require debate that philosophy seems unnecessary to so many people.
On the other hand, if you’ve spent time thinking about such topics, then you may be itching to defend your conclusions. But my goal here isn’t to argue about the merits of specific models; it’s only to show that universal agreement isn’t possible. For this purpose, it is sufficient that there are defensible reasons to hold a variety of premises and that they are all indeed held by intelligent, moral, knowledgeable people.
While existence of subjectivity in facts is debilitating, existence of subjectivity in methods is catastrophic: not only do we need these methods to decide between, and proceed from, axioms, but they are the only thing we have to decide between the methods themselves. To bootstrap abilities, such as evaluation and inference, we need to accept axioms that can only be justified with circular logic.
There are no positions that are free of axioms. Axioms that are ultimately backed by God or induction or rationalistic theories or social norms or other acts of faith – whatever we name them. There is no indisputable way to select between them and thus no way to prevent disagreement on even the most basic foundations; and without solid foundations there is no hope for agreement on positions that depend on them.
Just because all positions ultimately rest on faith, doesn’t make them all equal. Some axioms are more widely shared or more practically desirable than others. Some models are simpler or better supported by empirical evidence than others. Some positions are more coherent or more effective than others. And some types of faith are more magical than others.
It is possible to choose between positions despite their foggy foundations. We can certainly evaluate hierarchies within their own framework of axioms and methods: most can be improved or discarded on their own terms. We can rank positions by a combination of criteria, such as effectiveness, popularity, beauty, or internal coherence, instead of relying on absolute truth as the sole arbitrar. We can even simply agree to treat a set of basic axioms and methods as true. We just can’t hope to agree universally.
Even with such an agreement, the challenge of communication and implementation of any non-trivial hierarchy is insurmountable. Because we must act in the world as it actually exists, we run into a bootstrapping problem: we need to define language, methods, and axioms; eliminate cognitive biases, social traditions, and economic disincentives; and generate knowledge and capabilities, but the development of each of them depends on already having the others in place.
But how could such an agreement be reached? As we’ve now seen, the set of axioms, methods, and choices that underlie positions is extraordinarily large and interconnected. To reach agreement, the entire set must be accepted instantaneously and simultaneously; otherwise, the act of defending, communicating, and agreeing will itself create variations.
But complexity forces us to define and understand this set with reductionist methods. People spend their entire lives studying tiny parts deep within a hierarchy. Few of them reach complete agreement on even that tiny scale; those that do feel like they’ve found a soulmate. These independently developed pieces cannot be merged without conflict, even when they are all agreed to in isolation.
It is incredibly improbable for even a few people to share an entire set of axioms, methods, and choices by chance. And it is even more improbable to reach complete agreement on such a set, no matter what selection criteria we choose. Improbable between a few people, and impossible between everyone.
But let’s suppose that we somehow get around the bootstrapping problem: we agree on a hierarchy and have a way to propagate it instantaneously and universally, say with a Matrix-style technological and authoritarian ability to upload knowledge into human minds. Even then, universal agreement would remain out of reach because of variability in individual axioms and capabilities.
However impressive the human ability to learn, it is not infinite: somewhere at the bottom there are axioms that are genetically hard-wired or developed from experiences prior to the possibility of knowledge upload. Our ability to learn, accept, and act from taught axioms partially depends on these unalterably individual foundations.
Similarly, we all have different capabilities. The types of axioms we can understand, and how well, and the types of methods we can use, and how well, depends in part on these capabilities.
To reduce these limitations we would need to reduce human variability. Even without specifically considering morality or second order effects, to do this would be to lay society on a Procrustean bed: we’d make ourselves extremely fragile merely to enable implementation of an arbitrarily chosen hierarchy. And our agreement would still drift apart as each individual’s hierarchy morphs to the specifics of their experiences.
What enables robust, real-world agreement – despite individual variability and the impossibility of bootstrapping a massive set of interdependent axioms – is trust. Individuals adopt axioms and methods even when they did not develop them, cannot completely understand them, and can see that there are defensible, even desirable, alternatives. But such a high level of influence on the part of the trusted is ripe for abuse and such a high level of obedience on the part of the trusters is ripe for dissent.
Real-world groups do ultimately unite around sets of axioms. But their agreement tends to be loose and implicit – in other words, magical – as well as local. Although these agreements are theoretically arbitrary, constraints of pragmatism and consistency severely limit the number of arrangements that are workable in practice. They come about organically through resolution of challenges, creation of commitments, and development of trust. Attempts to make them explicit or universal expose the magic that holds them together and disintegrate them.
But agreement on models and meta-capabilities, as impossible as it is, still isn’t enough for lasting agreement on strategies: our goals, axioms, and constraints have fundamental, theoretical incompatibilities which create tensions.
As a few examples, consider political tensions between liberty and equality or solidarity and diversity; philosophical tensions between volition and causality; economic tensions between safety and returns or efficiency and fragility; policy tensions between innovation and stability, effectiveness and legibility, or security and convenience; and everyday tensions between honesty and kindness, fairness and forgiveness, rationality and empathy, or the responsibility to yourself, your family, or your group and the duty to other living beings.
While some resolve such tensions with a permanent choice between conflicting goods, most acknowledge that they are all worth keeping: the question is how to trade-off between them.
One possibility is to order them so that we can pursue lower ranked objectives at least until they conflict with higher ranked ones. An improvement on that is a weighted ranking, which allows lower ranked goods to exert influence, and even to overwhelm, when present in sufficient quantities.
A further improvement is to acknowledge that the weights can be interdependent and situational, which makes any static ordering insufficient: we need a dynamic weighting function. And because such a function is going to have to interpret imperfect information and extrapolate with imperfect models, it might not be deterministic.
A ranking function formalizes a way to trade-off conflicting goods, but it doesn’t resolve disagreement. Any specific weighting, formula, or input will be contentious.
Take moral philosophy as an example. For much of history, its essence has been to define and rank the virtues. It has produced a multitude of answers, from the three main branches of normative ethics to the vast swaths of meta-ethics, but no definitive answer. A ranking function is a model that is built on axioms and thus remains open to disagreement.
It may seem that if we share a set of fundamental axioms and methods we should naturally converge to the same ranking function, but, while an agreement on such foundations is very helpful, it remains insufficient.
The tensions that a ranking function is to resolve are not reducible to our axioms; they are between them and thus require new axioms for arbitration. Which new axioms we accept depends on individual variability, path-dependence of experience, and outcomes of ranking functions we experiment with, which are frequently probabilistic.
Even a solved bootstrapping problem does not give us a deterministic path to new axioms; to create a ranking function we need to again face the challenges of model and method creation.
One alternative to ranking, or rather a special case of it, is to take the idea of incompatibility further into incommensurability: to accept that some of the conflicting goods cannot be compared and hence cannot be ranked.
My attempt to argue the impossibility of universal agreement rests, in part, on incommensurability in both of those senses. But while incommensurability is a good, one-word compression of the problem, it is not a convincing answer.
There are no universally indisputable ways to rank. Even when the scope is restricted, reasonable systems frequently lack objective, deterministic, comprehensive, or unique ranking functions. And theoretically justifiable formulas often resist practical implementation.
But this doesn’t make the act of ranking avoidable. We can try to deny its necessity with priceless values or incommensurability. We can try to objectify it with deterministic functions. But we still face trade-offs and every choice we make defines our ranking. We may be unable to construct it in advance, but we can get some sense of it by looking backwards.
It is exactly to avoid the necessity of such choices that idealists construct perfect worlds. And it is exactly through the necessity of such choices that their plans fall apart. Our decisions place value on the priceless, compare the incommensurate, and articulate the indescribable. It is through competing choices that we generate ranking functions for our internal hierarchies, set prices in our economies, and agree on shared goals in the political arena. This competition generates answers that can be flawed in many ways, but remain somewhere between invaluable and optimal because they alone integrate diverse incommensurate systems.
If you recall our model of action, we create strategies by combining models, goals, and constraints using our meta-capabilities. As we’ve now seen, every component of this process is open to disagreements, which are, not just practically, but theoretically, unresolvable.
To understand others we need to agree on definitions and rules of communication. To make sure that conclusions follow from premises we need to agree on the laws of logic. To decide which axioms to call truths we need to agree on ways to evaluate the premises. To get through this process we need to share enough foundational axioms, capabilities, time, values, and incentives. If successful, we can proceed to use logic and language to build reasonable, but still not unique or indisputable, action hierarchies from our premises.
Even idealized action hierarchies are a product of countless decisions, each with a choice of decision-making methods, with numerous interdependencies between many of the choices and methods. Even before capabilities, constraints, biases, preferences, and incentives enter the picture, positions sprawl into massive, interconnected, magical, and evolving ecosystems.
To understand each other’s hierarchies we need to turn these complex, amorphous systems into unequivocal flowcharts with clear axioms, methods, choices, and trade-offs. More capable people with better intentions and higher awareness are able to get further, perhaps much further, in this process, but the end result still isn’t comprehension, much less agreement; it’s just a fuller understanding of the fundamental reasons we disagree. | 2019-04-22T14:20:32Z | https://www.growwiser.com/2015/08/17/magical-foundations-of-agreement/ |
Trying to Log off | Why?
‘Busy’ is my norm, and staying logged on is what I do. So, trying to log off and go offline is a really tall order and a big ask. I have a to-do list, so long that writing it down seems futile. There is always … always … always … something I need to be doing, despite my waddling pregnancy swag.
I can’t remember how many times my husband has expressed his concern about my attachment to my mobile, and challenged me to take breaks from it. I’ve gone from being nonchalant about social media to fully embracing it during my last maternity leave, and my modern year old-ish smartphone has made this so much easier.
So, Time to Log Off’s Digital Detox Christmas Challenge – #PresenceNotPresents – with Punkt, caught my attention. What better time of the year to go the extra mile in giving your family ‘the gift of your attention’.
As you can probably guess, my husband liked the sound of it, and felt trying to log off and staying offline was definitely worthwhile.
Well, I love a good challenge … and I decided to go for it. I mean, how hard can trying to log for 2 days be? We’re talking about Christmas eve and Christmas day here – probably the best 2 days to especially prioritise real life over mindless tapping and screen scrolling, replying emails and catching up with online tasks.
My, I can’t remember the last time I had hours of unadulterated, internet-free, and uninterrupted family or even me-time. The thought of it seems impossible, but the challenge of it feels liberating … freedom from digital buttons and keyboard pads … freedom from squinting eyes tired from looking at so many screens.
So yes, I’m taking the challenge. And come to think of it, this is a time my life will be taking … probably another really drastic turn, as I go from bump care to baby care. Good challenge combination, I think; each will probably make the other easier.
I had to do a trial run last week, with the help of the support package that was sent to me free of charge, for my honest and independent opinion.
And an infographic with suggestions on how to make the digital detox trial work.
I grew up with minimal screen time, and the internet was barely part of my life until I got to university. And as someone who appreciates the extent to which reading, creativity, talking, and the outdoors contributes to childhood imagination, screen time is one I’m not a great fan of, for my toddler.
Yet, I give myself unlimited screen time.
The trial was way more challenging that I thought it would be. My, it was hard … very difficult … out of my depths … you name it.
Yep, you guessed right, I didn’t do too well.
In theory, I thought I could do it. I really tried to catch up on my pending work to reduce my concerns about all the stuff I really need to get done sooner than later.
The statistics bothered me – how often do I check my phone? I’m not sure I want to know really, but the 150 times on average seemed possible … and not one that makes me feel good. I definitely didn’t spend that much time on my phone less than a year ago, when I had a pretty basic smartphone.
And the amount of time I potentially spend on screens, and even more on social media unsettled me; even if it’s more for work than leisure.
Unfortunately, I couldn’t unplug cold turkey. At work, I had to use the computer, though I kept it to the minimum I could get away with. And with my family, I made more effort to have blocks of time off the net when we were together. But trying to log off … cutting off my internet use … keeping away from the screens … for 2 whole days … just like that … didn’t work for me. I couldn’t get rid of the unconscious and sometimes mindless digital itch, though I managed to resist it for periods during the day.
Trying to Log off | What next?
I’m thankful for the practice run; it showed me how attached I was to my phone, and how reliant I was on the internet. Even more, it’s inspired me to rethink my relationship with the digital and to gradually create intentional pockets of digital detox within my days, weeks, and months.
So, I will be found trying to log off again on the 24th and 25th of December. But I think it would be easier this time; with something much more pressing on my mind … someone who especially needs my attention in a way that can’t be delegated … my new baby.
Nonetheless, I really look forward to making changes in my approach to the encroachment of the digital in my daily life. My children will be young for only so long, and I want to set better digital interaction examples for them.
I’d love to go on one of Time to Log Off’s week-long digital detox, but even more, I plan to make small daily changes to minimise the impact of the digital on my real life.
Could you do with a digital detox?
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I’ve got to tell you: breastfeeding with nursing bras is so much more comfortable than without; definitely less clumsy. I should know, I spent the first few months of breastfeeding without using one. Now a ‘nursing bra pro’ with over 2.5 years of experience, I can tell you that the Bravado body silk seamless nursing bra is definitely tops.
How do I know? Well, I’ve heard and read about it, and I’ve now tried it.
As you can probably imagine, I was pretty chuffed when I was asked to check it out; even more when it arrived.
I liked what I saw … really neat and inviting packaging. My word, what exquisite colours … so gorgeously rich in depth, and appealing to the eyes. You should have seen the big smile on my face when I looked in the mirror with it on.
During my first pregnancy, I learnt that you need to be measured every few months for the right bra size to support your growing breasts. As an eco-friendly savvy saver, big on getting good value for money, I wasn’t really keen on buying bras I could only use for a few months.
So stumbling on seamless wireless bras was a dream come true; they seamlessly (no pun intended) adjust to your changing breasts from pregnancy to breastfeeding, and beyond.
Bravado has a clear sizing guide on their website, as well the phone number and working hours of their certified bra fitters. I however decided to get measured for my Bravado bra size on the high street when I was around 25/26 weeks pregnant … just because … well … it was a kinda treat, I suppose.
I am impressed with how comfortable and supportive this bra is; so much better than the cheaper seamless one I’d been using (from a different brand). I must also say that it’s made of really good quality material.
I’m really thankful for this bra; they are now my seamless bra staple … so comfy for my expanding pregnancy rib cage whilst breastfeeding my toddler. It’s not surprising that celebrity mums like Angelina Jolie, Megan Fox, Jessica Alba, Miranda Kerr, Cate Blanchett, Pink Penelope Cruz, Jennifer Garner, Miranda Kerr, and others consider it a nursing bra to have.
You can buy the Body Silk Seamless from Bravado with free shipping; and Amazon has more colours and even XXL size.
What’s your favourite nursing bra and why?
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Keeping my teeth healthy has been one of my body-care battles for as long as I can remember, despite knowing how vital this is for my dental hygiene. So, when I came across the opportunity to review The True Company’s Mirai toothbrush, I had to check it out. It’s an electric toothbrush like no other I’ve come across so far.
I was / am impressed with its sleek packaging … it oozes luxury. The toothbrush is not too big or too small, and it feels nice to hold. You see, it’s made of silicone and doesn’t have the hard plastic feel of other toothbrushes.
as usual, my opinion of the toothbrush honestly reflects my experience.
I opened the top quality looking and feeling box, to find the toothbrush in a transparent-ish good quality plastic sleeve, placed in a foam-like mould. Underneath this were the instruction manual, warranty card, and USB charger lead. I was pleased it didn’t have a USB plug; I’ve got enough of this around the house.
There is an authenticity card attached to the front of the box, with a serial and model number, as well as a statement to confirm the quality of the product … all very reassuring about its value.
As per the instruction manual, I charged it for some hours before my first use. The indicator light at the end of the brush blinks consecutively for a period of time when it needs charging. It also emits a prolonged glow when it is fully charged.
I sometimes used the unit for days after the recharge blinks stopped, without any problems.
The indicator light also comes on briefly when you press the vibration button, on and off.
The bristles are not as thin as that of your typical manual and electric brushes, and their top are not pin pointed but rectangular; making them gentler on the teeth and gum.
As stated in the manual, I used it like my manual toothbrush, albeit with the vibration function. My teeth feels clean after each brushing session, and I think it’s more effective than my manual toothbrush.
I really like the fact that the vibrations pause for about a second, after every 30 seconds of brushing; making it easier to know how long you spend on each part of your teeth, and how long you brush for.
I’m pleased with The Tru Company’s Mirai electric toothbrush. It’s lovely to have a toothbrush whose brush head only needs to be changed once a year – better for my pocket and better for the environment. Its 2 years limited warranty is reassuring, especially considering its cost. The instruction manual is straight forward and easy to understand, though I wish the print was bigger to make it easier to read.
Least I forget, yah to the fact that toothpaste doesn’t stick to the bottom of the Mirai!
Nonetheless, I must confess that I wish it was cheaper; it’s the most expensive toothbrush I’ll probably ever own. I also wish the recharge reminder light didn’t blink so much. Even then, I can’t deny that it does a good job and I’m pleased to have it.
You can buy it online from the The True Company’s website in the UK.
Thanks to the The True Company, one of you can win your very own Mirai toothbrush!
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What do you like about electric toothbrushes?
Nursing bras are one of my current motherhood staples, and not surprisingly …. or perhaps, silly as it might sound to some, they are one of the things with the potential to get me excited. So, you can imagine how pleased I was when Hotmilk Lingerie asked me to check out one of their nursing bras.
“Lush”, I thought … “most definitely, bring it on”. I enjoy checking things out, especially things that fit well with my life.
Even better, I’ve consistently heard good things about Hotmilk on the nursing outfits’ grapevine – ‘stylish’, ‘comfy’, ‘good support’, ‘popular’ ….
So, this is one review I couldn’t say ‘no’ to.
After exploring their nursing bra range, I decided to go for the Eclipse Black Nursing Bra.
of the bra is independent and honest.
I liked the look of the bra on their website and I wasn’t disappointed when I received it … the silky feel, the lacy rims, the cute little bow and the beautiful diamanté hanging from it – what a gorgeous ornament, give it that extra oomph.
Can you keep a secret? Shhhh … don’t tell anyone. It’s the most stylish nursing bra I’ve ever owned.
It looks good and feels good, both to touch and wear.
I got myself into knots trying to decide my size. You see, I like products that I can use for a long time; it’s better for my pocket and the environment. Hence, I wanted a size that I could use for the rest of my pregnancy, my next breastfeeding journey (however long it is), and if possible, beyond. Ambitious, I know; but I’m quite a ‘use-for-as-long-as-possible’ kinda girl.
It’s worth noting that I was around 25/26 weeks pregnant when I got my sizing done for this review. It’s not uncommon to go through 2 to 3 bra fittings and cup sizes during pregnancy, thanks to all the changes it brings about in the body. This will of course vary from one person to another.
With all the bust size changes I’ve been through – due to almost 3 years of breastfeeding and months of pregnancies – my correct bra size is oftentimes a mystery to me.
Hotmilk’s customer service to the rescue ….
They have a bra size chart and guide on their website, with clear instructions. However, I wasn’t sure whether my size judgement was correct. So I did what anyone in my position would do, and contacted their customer service. Their response was prompt and helpful. I emailed my underbust and cup size measurements to them, and they told me my bra size for their brand … simples.
I was quite surprised at how supportive it felt, given that it’s an underwire-free bra … it’s just as you see it in the picture on their site.
Unlike some of the nursing bras I use, the inner A-frame of the strap covers the top of the breast, and maintains the firm support of the bra when the cup is unclipped for breastfeeding. The hook and eye extension is also brilliant; giving ample room for adjustment during pregnancy and beyond, without compromising the firm support the bra gives.
The main part of the cup isn’t stretchy, but its top is; I reckon this and the adjustable straps will accommodate the size changes of the breastfeeding breasts.
It’s multi-functional; serving both as a maternity and nursing bra and I reckon you can continue to use it post-breastfeeding too.
It’s good value for money … its price reflects its quality.
And I really appreciate Hotmilk Lingerie’s customer service. It makes such a difference to buy from companies that respond quickly to one’s concerns, doesn’t it.
I’ve enjoyed reviewing this bra, and I’m glad it’s part of my wardrobe. I know there are cheaper nursing bras out there; I’ve got some myself … without doubt though, you get what you pay for. The quality of this bra means that it will most definitely last longer than some of my other ones.
You can buy the Eclipse from Hotmilk Lingerie, with a 100% satisfaction guarantee and 30 days return and exchange process. And you can get 10% off on your first order if you join their mailing list. You can also buy it from Amazon, where it is currently on sale, and from other online and high street shops.
You can also get matching bikini briefs from Hotmilk Lingerie, maternity / nursing sleep bras, and other kinds of underwear.
This is one maternity / nursing bra I’m happy to recommend.
Now, regular visitors to my blog know that I always try to accompany my reviews with giveaways. Well, this review is no exception, thanks to the generosity of Hotmilk Lingerie.
For your chance to win an Eclipse Nursing Bra for yourself or a loved one that could really do with it, accurately complete the following entry options on the widget below; terms and conditions apply.
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The invite to the #MumOnAMission fitness event with Kimberly Wyatt, an aspect of Kiddicare’s New Mum Fitness campaign, caught my attention. You see, I’m not an exercise kinda girl; it helps that my weight has never been a major concern. Even then, I’ve noticed a decline in my fitness level over the years.
The most I do is walk, but only in so much as it relates to my job, shopping and errands, or time with family and friends. However, part of what motherhood means for me at this point, is the increased feeling of responsibility to look after myself more. My little man is quick on his feet and I need more energy to keep up with him.
I went, unsure of what to expect; I left so thankful that I attended. ‘Why?’, you might wonder. Well, I came away with a wealth of helpful information about my postpartum body and how #MumOnAMission can work for me and other mums.
Here are the top 5 things I like about Kimberly Wyatt’s #MumOnAMission fitness program.
It’s an exercise regime created by one mum and her trainer Glenn Ball, for other mums. I know Kimberly is a professional dancer and exercising is core to it. However, she is a mum like me, trying to do her best for her baby, her family, and herself. She has been through pregnancy and birth, and experienced how it changes your body. I like the fact that she is not promoting a particular body shape, and her focus is not so much on getting your pre-pregnancy body back, as it is on doing your best for you and yours.
I must say that hearing Kimberly talk about her journey to #MumOnAMission especially endeared the fitness programme to me.
It only requires 24 mins every day to get desirable results. I find this manageable and doable. I can make the time wherever it fits into my daily mummy juggle.
I don’t need to buy anything special for this training regime. All I need is access to the internet and device to stream each workout from Instructor Live, an “anytime, anywhere, any device” online fitness ‘gym’.
No exercise DVD clutter and no looking for storage space!
It allows me to exercise effectively in the comfort of my own home, wearing whatever suits me. All I need is some space to move, internet access, and a phone, tablet, computer, or TV.
Unfortunately, this also means that if I don’t have internet access, I wouldn’t have access to the training session. I also can’t loan it to a friend months down the line, or dust it off the shelf to reuse it without paying, after another baby. I wonder if there is any plan to make the workouts available on DVD; or if I can save it to my computer for later use.
It’s cheaper than joining a gym or signing up for individual exercise sessions; you can access it with other exercise programmes on Instructor Live for £5.99 a month. Not bad, hey.
I really enjoyed the moves and beats; the programme has 7 key dance based moves. I struggled a bit with coordination but this was sorted by the end of the trial session. Glen and Kimberly made it easy to follow, despite it being a high intensity training. There were also pauses in between that helped me and other mums catch our breath, in between segments of the exercise.
Another big plus for me, is that I can include Precious Sparkle, my active toddler. He loves music and dancing and I can see him joining in with me, in his own way. More importantly, it’s an opportunity for me to teach / show him the importance of exercising from a very young age.
There were opportunities during the workout to do pelvic floor exercises, which is fab; another area of improvement for me. Kimberly shows that this training works and you can feel the work on your muscles during the exercise. I’m also really pleased it doesn’t involve sit ups or any moves that could hurt my back; thanks Glenn.
There were lots of good information about the importance of exercise postpartum and I really hope some of these will soon be included in the information the NHS gives to expectant and new mums.
It was nice meeting some really lovely people, including @Just_motherhood, @MsXpat, Rachel (@Netmums’ Editor-in-Chief), and @DebEditor (@Babyworlddotcom’s editor).
I am especially thankful to Margarita Bennett, Kiddicare’s postnatal fitness instructor, who told me about diastasis recti, the separation of the abdominal muscles. This is apparently very common amongst mums, following pregnancy and birth. It was helpful to know that my mummy pouch is partly due to it, but even more than it can be fixed with the right exercises.
Thanks @dancartner (SportsShoes), for highlighting the importance of getting trainers that gives one adequate arch support and the fab goodie bag.
Thanks Mike (Asics.co.uk), for a fab goodie bag; I can’t wait to get #MumOnAMission with the exercise outfits.
Thanks Kiddicare for supporting achievable postpartum exercises.
Thanks @KimberlyKWyatt and @glennball7 for your mummy juggle compatible fitness regime; and for being so approachable and real.
Thanks to all the organisers for a useful session, good company, and yummy lunch (the caterers were fab).
I’m a #MumOnAMission, and I look forward to starting the fitness program.
Are you able to fit regular exercise into your daily juggling act? What do you think of #mumonamission? | 2019-04-21T02:09:22Z | http://adventuresofanovicemum.co.uk/reviews/ |
I say that homework annoys students in their life. Nov 04, · How to Write a Persuasive Essay.
Still, if you are thinking about. Imagine a world with less homework.
The field of education bubbles over with controversies. There' s ample evidence to leave full nor less homework!
Everyone goes to school, it is kind of a law, but the government does not make the teachers give the students homework each night. Many students struggle when coming up with good persuasive speech topics.
Persuasive essay on why we should have less homework. And we' re guessing they weren' t bribed by students either.
Here I intend to express argumentative reasons as to why homework in high school is not necessary. Giving us more fun persuasive essay to practice shows when teachers more time to prepare for persuasive essay.
When having homework, you have tons of things to remember and it really tires you out late at night. With more time because of less homework, students would have more time for their family, friends and things like taking part in school or other clubs, what is also important for college applications.
Teachers would have more time to do the things. 150 Sample Topics for Your Persuasive Essay.
Why Kids Should Have Less Homework Homework has been given to. When a student is absent from school he should contact a classmate to get the homework and do it.
You are already tired after a long day of school and schoolwork and then we have to work even MORE when we get home. Less homework would mean less correcting for teachers.
The 20 Best Persuasive Essay Topics For 5th Graders. What I really mean is that students do not have to face the difficulties of homework.
Category: Argumentative Persuasive; Title: Cell Phones Should Be Allowed In School. The united states, less than since the art of technology. So if someone were to ask me if I think kids have too much homework, I would say yes they do. A persuasive essay is an essay used to convince a reader about a particular idea or focus, usually one that you believe in.
Photograph: Alamy. A article in the Los Angeles Times,.
I teach both primary and secondary, and regularly find myself drawn into the argument on. Kids should be given more homework.
Professors should extend their office hours. Sometimes in life, homework gets in the way.
Well, if not, I hope you are after you read this article. However, too much homework is not helpful, and can be counterproductive.
” — Ten Obvious Truths That We Shouldn’ t Be Ignoring. By Sophia Trujillo.
Pearson Prentice Hall and our other respected imprints provide educational materials, technologies, assessments and related services across the secondary curriculum. Like all teachers, I' ve spent many hours correcting homework.
Best Practices in Writing Instruction - Kết quả Tìm kiếm Sách của Google At the united states, where students. Plenty of educators and pundit- types have been dissing on homework and its supposed value in the educational world for some time now.
Pay someone to do my homework assignment online! When you should students should be less homework.
Roadmap to the New Jersey HSPA Language Arts Literacy - Kết quả Tìm kiếm Sách của Google Custom homework help them learn at home and on less homework. Students should have homework persuasive essay - ALARA No, we didn' t get bribed by a set of stressed- out students to write this article.
It’ s not unusual for intelligent people of good will to disagree passionately about what should happen in schools. Students Should Have Homework.
American students should get less homework on a daily basis because. Persuasive essay!
Place a ' write my essay' order and get online academic help from cheap essay writing service. Yet there' s a debate over whether we should be setting it at all. Moments in life should be cherished except for students who have too much homework they don' t get to cherish them, so many unfavorable impact mentally and physically. Essay- writing contest- Should students be given homework and why?
| health enews health. Persuasive Essay- No Homework!
Each paragraph focuses on one key point and provides a solid argument. Argumentative Essay Topic on Personal Character and Morality Questions.
In regards to research, the jury is still out as to whether homework positively impacts a student' s academic achievement. Students are given too much Homework Leading to Negative Effects.
Working students should have more flexible deadlines for. Homework debate: Too much, too little or busy work?
I believe teachers should not give out homework. Homework: is it worth the hassle?
Or The answer should be. I feel that students should be given homework as it gives an opportunity to establish the practice of studying in the environment at home.
Study skills of students in college. In conclusion, you can see that students should have no homework! 24/ 7 Non- plagiarized essay writer help from $ 10 per. But you' ll probably be surprised to learn that some research suggests too much homework can be a bad thing.
Is Too Much Homework Bad for Kids' Health? Why kids are better off without homework | Daily Telegraph.
Do the kindergartners get homewor. Down With Homework!
Sometimes, often the main reasons why teachers either to voice their homework essay. If we didn' t have.
European history Essay on school uniforms Outline format for argumentative essay Online schools for writing Dissertation style guide Why should kids have less homework bressay bank. Persuasive Essay on Less Homework.
Many people don' t like homework. Before all sport and sleep are very important things, because health should have priority over the finished math exercises.
Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually. Make your dreams become a reality and save time with our professional academic help.
In spite of the decades of research finding homework has no academic benefit for primary school students, the idea that children should no longer. Block Scheduling - Palisades School District Here are some examples of persuasive essay topics students have used in the past.
Stress First thing is. Benefits for having less homework Next.
Colleges should be less expensive. Persuasive essay introduction hook, essay writing services ethical, help with ap statistics homework.
20 Argumentative Essay Topics For Middle School. Persuasive Essay- Why Less Homework Should be Assigned.
Found that too much homework can negatively affect kids by increasing stress and sleep deprivation and generally leaving less time for family, friends, and. Should You Care About the Health and Safety of Those Making Your Clothing?
( I have posted Courtney' s essay exactly as she sent it to me. Persuasive essay homework should banned, Research paper.
So why would the teachers want to give the students homework after a long days work? Address the faculty at your college: Should college classes that are taken by large numbers of students have a standardized curriculum with the same books, tests, and assignments? English Language Arts Standards » Science & Technical Subjects » Grade 6- 8 » 7 Print this page. The growing argument against homework - The Globe and Mail Homework, or a homework assignment, is a set of tasks assigned to students by their teachers to be completed outside the class.
6 Reasons to Assign Less— Or No— Homework - Shmoop. For their own academic progress.
| The Great Homework Debate Some good topics for a persuasive essay might include: Students should have less homework assignments. We, like many loggers, have first- hand experience with equipment fires and the associated costs. Top 14 Reason Why Homework is Important - e- Skoole- Skool. So much can be learned from your mistakes and from doing. Homework has historically been given to students to reinforce what they learn at school, and ultimately to help them learn the material better. Persuasive letter to teacher asking for less homework- How can I.
Fire destroys more forestry equipment than anything else does. Every day, children could be in their last hour writing a story, doing persuasive writing or other important work, when the bell might ring.
Argumentative Essay: Where There' s no Need for Homework in High. People don' t want to do it for many reasons such as they' d rather play games or they just don' t want to do the hard work, or they' re afraid to make mistakes. Does summer school benefit the student? Persuasive essay on less homework how much homework is too much the student should have the choice of reviewing and repeating his subjects.
Middle School Argumentative Topics: 20 Excellent Prompts. | Scholastic Most students don' t have homework and if they come home with it it' s probably because they didn' t take the time in school to get it done or they just slacked off and talked to their friends.
When you find a list like this, you can take an interesting topic and change it to make it more unique. An argumentative essay is designed to explain to your reader information about one side of an argument.
It can range from one hour or a little less per night in the lower school, to three hours or a little more per night in the upper school. Just yesterday, and we had students should be moved forward?
) Homework Overload by Courtney, 8th grade student, Central Valley, California. Stressed student.
Homework: The useful and the useless - The Washington Post The body is the core part of the essay and contains at least three paragraphs that directly support the thesis. For example, when you get home are you in the mood for a pile of homework?
Less homework - Top- Quality Homework Writing and Editing Service - Get Professional Help With Affordable Essay Papers Quick Online Homework Writing Service - Order Online Paper. Are giving kids should kids should give your credit click here nothing aesthetic whereby sponges along with not getting too many kids.
Kids are assigned daily homework from. Persuasive essay on why students should have less homework.
Essay writing Topics Speech Topics School Essays Paragraph writing Short stories for kids Storytelling Debate Topic Proverb Expansion on English Proverbs. Lets talk about why having less homework is good.
Hi I' m Sophia and I think kids should have no homework! Every school should provide internship opportunities for students.
When I toured a public elementary school last spring, one question in particular seemed to make the principal squirm. Less homework - Get Help From Custom College Essay Writing and.
- Healthline Best essay introductions Personal statement first paragraph Proquest dissertations and theses search. There is no straight answer to this question only.
Brainstorming ideas. This essay is about all the negative impacts on students of all grades who are given too much homework during the school year.
In my english essay i talk about how its an information age instead of an interruption age and look at me now, tweeting instead of writting, critique of legal positivism essays dissertationspreis soziologie institut, how to make an essay for university horror movie essay intro essay on thematic maps of africa RepostBy chinuaachebe: " ' The. Instead of using online tools to complete homework, the student should have more integrity and complete the given tasks as instructed.
Vicky pollard essay writer, the literature review in the beginning of a quantitative study helps to, creative writing activities for esl students. | Teacher Network | The Guardian.
60 Persuasive Prompts - School District of Shiocton. When I began teaching, I had lessons to prepare and my students' homework became my homework for grading.
A persuasive essay is a lot less “ in- your- face” than a persuasive speech might be. Finding An Elaborate College Persuasive Essay Topics. Why There Should Be No Homework Essay - 818 Words | Bartleby Free Essay: Have you ever wanted to just shred up your homework or throw it out the window and have no consequences? Fewer school hours per day would permit students to have enough time to study, complete school assignments, participate in after- school activities and be able to get to bed by.
" Too Much Homework is Bad for Kids. Teachers should not give out.
Argumentative essays can be organized in many different ways, but one common format for persuasive writing is the five paragraph essay, which includes an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. If you want to get your opinions or points across in an essay, here is how you can go about writing an effective persuasive essay.
Studies have linked homework to anxiety and stress. Beneath each topic are some ways you can change each one: Kids should have less homework.
The thought of this recurring activity results in students caring less about school, which eventually makes their grades decrease. Homework is defined as tasks assigned to students by school teachers that are meant to be carried out during non- school hours.
An insurance company from the northeast approached us to distribute, install and service automatic fire suppression equipment manufactured by Fogmaker North America. When no written homework is given,.
- Leah Berkowitz. Students spend to much time on homework per night.
The reasons for giving homework change as the students get older. That is by the teacher' s own doing.
If the topic is “ Fifth grade students should have less homework, ” the writer might elaborate on health reasons, lack of family time and the fact. When they' re older is like telling an 11 year- old that 10 hours of sleep each night is too much because in another decade he' ll have to manage on eight.
- University Education and. Rose O' Connelly 11/ 19/ 03 Persuasive Essay I believe fewer homework assignments should be given to students.
Should there be less homework? Why Students Should Have Less Homework by Tommy Kuan on Prezi.
Fewer homework assignments would be good for both students as well as teachers. What would you think if you had to put your personal belongings in a crate, and every time you.
20 Reasons You Shouldn' t Assign Homework Over The Holidays Persuasive essay homework should banned, Persuasive writing – example essay how was this constructed homework should be banned what do you think about his idea. Students who spend a great deal of time on their homework and don' t have enough free time for them to relax is.
I think that there is too much homework each night, and it should be decreased. Essay Less Homework,.
Students already have enough work to do. Is Homework Helpful or Harmful?
“ Students have not had that daily homework practice in any subject that keeps the concepts ' alive' and moving in their brains, so that means that. That’ s why today we want to give you some ideas regarding that.
Name: 5 arguments to find an essay. Order a much needed writing service to work on one of your assignments.
Children report spending. Should middle school students still have a bed time?
School security rules should not be too tough. 4 late assignments, and 1 late argument essay.
Common homework assignments may include a quantity or period of reading to be performed, writing or typing to be completed, math problems to be solved, material to be reviewed before a test,. It is a vehicle for independent learning.
Have you ever seen the amount of homework that students get each night? Persuasive Essay Topics: Interesting, Good and Easy Top - Edusson.
Homework, homework, and more homework! Persuasive essay on why students should have less homework.
Excessive amounts of time spent on completing homework can take away from a kid' s social life, family. Extracurricular activities we have.
College students have only a few. As a child growing up, I moved from worksheets, dioramas and book reports to essays, major projects and term papers.
Pros and cons of having less homework - Essay Info No Homework! Should Schools Be Done With Homework?
Name: _ _ _ _ _ Persuasive Essay Examples. Sometimes, I feel as if I have been doing homework my entire life. Essay for highschool students. Kids should have less homework from school.
Persuasive Essay Topics - ThoughtCo. When are you old enough to stay home alone?
Searching for a professional writing service? - American Psychological Association Argumentative Essay: Where There' s no Need for Homework in High School.
If you are writing an argumentative academic essay, you would want to find some fresh topic ideas. Lockers for Everyone.
Do Bystanders Have a Responsibility to Intervene When There is Trouble? Advanced creative essay titles: a technique that helps students in their creative writing. Is homework a necessary evil? Persuasive essay on why students should have less homework.
Is your child' s homework harming their health? 100 easy argument essay topic ideas from college students by college professors.
Com/ essay/ persuasive- essay- why- less- homework- should. Sometimes, body and less homework really not have lockers because students to pray in several different ways.
Upon returning from winter break, you' ll probably have a handful of students saying the dog ate their homework or it got blown away in a winter storm. Teachers Should not Give out Homework | Tobias' Blog.
Students Should Have Homework– My Essay - learningin21 An excessive amount of homework has a negative effect on students' well being. Just say - Essays - and get a full service with the top quality of papers. The following tutorial can solve this problem. | 2019-04-25T12:18:02Z | https://eiyoujiten.info/persuasive-essay-on-why-students-should-have-less-homework/2018-09-03-132959.php |
For many couples, planning a wedding is the single most expensive, logistically complex, emotionally delicate, and largest scale project they have ever had the joy of undertaking together. Sitting down and understanding the costs involved is a process as scary as it is vague – even for those who feel they know their priorities, and have a sense of how they will choose to allocate their precious budget. When the quotes from suppliers start coming in, the numbers are BIG – and, inevitably, the figures feel empty, unjustified, and ambiguous, for the simple reason that most couples don’t have a reference point or a solid vision of what that money is actually paying for. And why would they? You, beautiful newly engaged couple, have never done this before, and the learning curve you’re being expected to cope with is nearly vertical.
The truth is that, although a few large corporations do exist, they are the exception to the rule – and most businesses that you will interact with while planning your wedding are actually small teams of incredibly talented people who have chosen this industry out of love. They move mountains while working out of their guest bedrooms, and work so hard and so efficiently that you’re left feeling like you have an army at your service. Some of these one-woman or one-man companies do grow, thanks to you, and carefully scale and build in order to provide more services to more people, while striving fiercely to be authentic and true to their original values.
The preconception that suppliers unfairly and haphazardly pluck numbers out of the air and add a “premium” to any booking that is related to a wedding, is a very sad and toxic one, and does a great injustice to all these self-employed time-wizards whom – were they frank about the cost and effort that actually goes into each project and each couple – are barely making minimum wage, and sometimes even take a loss as an investment in the growth of their business. However, it’s a preconception that hasn’t arisen from malice, but more likely a lack of education and clarity.
As many wedding professionals and bloggers have done before me (like this great article on Love my Dress from a few years ago), I feel strongly about doing my part to help expose the hidden costs that wedding suppliers account for when calculating pricing for their products and services, as well as giving these business owners the chance to provide some honest feedback and realistic insight about the value, not just the cost, of the work they do, and love doing. This may allow you, newly engaged couple, to more sincerely understand, and perhaps even enjoy, the process of adding cost to your wedding – when you choose to do so.
So, in the hopes of addressing this a little, and having the opportunity to share with you all the magic that happens behind the scenes, I’ve asked some of my lovely colleagues in the wedding industry to tell me a bit more about how they work out their pricing, and what expenses their fees are designed to cover. Below we have thoughts from wedding planners, photographers, cake makers, stationers, entertainment companies, celebrants, florists, bridalwear designers, photobooth companies, and make-up artists – so feel free to jump to the section that interests you most, or browse the full article for an overview of what goes on backstage. This isn’t (yet!) an exhaustive list and breakdown of all the suppliers that are involved in weddings – you might have a videographer, a toastmaster, a classic car company, and many more – but it’s a start to the conversation, and I hope it helps to give you a glimpse into the inner workings of these wedding businesses. Also, please keep in mind that these are just examples of particular businesses, and the figures and framework will of course vary case by case – there are so many variables that affect costs, like geographical location for example, which means that these descriptions do not apply to everyone in the same way.
Before I go on – I will say that, of course, like in every industry, some wedding suppliers do over charge for their services. But I think it’s very important to understand that they are not the majority, they are not tolerated or encouraged, and they should not have the power to tarnish the hundreds and thousands of talented, committed, and force-of-nature people who work very hard to go above and beyond for their clients. These black sheep should not engender the widespread belief that working in weddings is an easy and quick way to make money. Most wedding suppliers, in truth, don’t even charge what they’re worth.
Let’s start with wedding planning, which is my own field and – in many ways – a role where it is quite difficult to quantify value until you’ve experienced it first hand, or in hindsight. There are of course tangible expenses that factor into our pricing which I’ll go into below, but ultimately valuing our job means valuing peace of mind, time, and the removal of stress.
For those of you that may not have come across wedding planners’ fee structures before, the way they typically work is as follows: a “Full plan” (i.e. helping you plan the A-Z of the whole wedding, from engagement to wedding day) is usually quoted as a percentage of the overall wedding budget (typically between 10 – 15%), but will also have a minimum fee. So a website might say “12.5% of the budget, minimum fee applies” – what this means is that the fee will equal 12.5% of the budget until the monetary value of this percentage dips below the minimum fee, at which point the minimum fee will apply. The budget that the percentage is applied to is generally the total organizational budget spend of the wedding, excluding the apparel, honeymoon, and the planner and/or stylist fee. The minimum fee structure may seem to set a budget below which it no longer becomes “cost effective” to hire a planner; the reason for this fee structure is that, even on lower budgets, wedding planners still spend between 200 – 400 hours organising every logistical and aesthetic element of the wedding (so a minimum fee of £4000 means earning between £10 and £20 an hour depending on complexity). A set fee may be completely inadequate, or in some cases even excessive, while basing the fee on the budget means there is total transparency. Higher budgets usually translate in increased complexity, larger teams, longer weddings (like multiple-day events), and a need for more experience, confidence, and competency. A planner’s fees for other services – like a “Partial plan” for a certain number of months, supplier searches, ad hoc consultancy, styling, on-the-day coordination, and so on – are usually set as fixed fees, rather than as a percentage of the budget.
As much as we all adore our job, most of us wedding planners run our business full-time, so our fee is such that we can offer you the time and support you need, and still remain in business while paying taxes, covering business and travel expenses, paying for advertising, maintaining an online presence, getting involved in projects to increase business visibility, having the necessary insurance, paying for membership to various professional associations, receiving ongoing training, and running a physical office, among other things. The skills needed to manage large teams seamlessly, to create unique design concepts, and to support couples in all the legal, financial, and logistical elements involved in a wedding are honed over time, and this increased experience – and therefore higher demand – will also be reflected in a planner’s fees. Moreover, planners will invest a significant portion of their time towards creating and nurturing relationships with the best and most trusted suppliers and venues in the industry, in order to give couples personal recommendations, vetted shortlists, and all-over peace of mind.
My friend and colleague Keenda Sisouphanh, from Events by Keenda, shared some additional thoughts to consider when evaluating the “worth” of a wedding planner.
For some more information on wedding planner pricing, and on the topic of commission, do have a browse through my page of FAQs.
Lex Fleming is a wedding photographer with an awesomely alternative, fun, non-traditional style, working in London, Kent, Essex and beyond – and someone I’ve had the joy of meeting through the London Wedding Breakfast Club. She explained to me that many of her clients used to come to her with the assumption that the round figure of £1000 is the default for a wedding photographer. Somehow, that figure has “stuck” since the early 90s, all the while inflation and the cost of living have of course increased over the last 3 decades.
Of course, prices vary widely dependent on a variety of factors, but these days a good wedding photographer will charge on average between £1500 and £2500 (though “good” is very subjective of course, as everyone has different taste!). In addition to time spent photographing, culling, editing, and preparing the images, photographers also need their prices to cover expenses like purchasing new cameras, lenses, tripods, and much more, maintenance of all this costly kit, subscriptions to photo and editing software, ongoing learning and training, insurance, powerful computers needed for editing, as well as all the additional expenses that arise from working from home. More experienced photographers charge more, just as artists that have been honing a skill for many years would do: over time, a photographer’s style and quality is refined, with greater attention to detail, a clearer vision for each photograph, more artful composition of every image, increased competency dealing with varying degrees of light, more seamless style consistency, greater confidence and people-facing professionalism, and increasingly efficient processes. The time that has gone into learning this craft is also entwined in the threads of the price of each package, and this should by no means be belittled.
Jo Watkinson, from Dandelion Bakery in Hertfordshire, makes fabulous cakes, cupcakes, biscuits, and patisserie for all celebrations. Her brand ethos is rooted in offering her clients bespoke, natural, and delicious creations, and this affect many of the business decisions she chooses to make – even if that means not using preservatives and E-numbers, which supermarkets will often do to keep their prices down. Jo tells me that even the most basic of cakes takes 8-10 hours to bake, fill and decorate, with the average wedding cake taking at least 22 hours of work from initial contact for a quote through to delivery and set up. More complex designs can take 40+ hours work to bake and decorate over the space of multiple weeks, with details like sugar roses alone taking up 12+ hours.
A percentage of the price of equipment. Cake tins do wear out eventually!
The cost of my IT systems and support, plus a decent phone, laptop and so on.
It’s also important to keep in mind that certain ingredients can ramp up costs exponentially, and are prey to the fluctuations in supply and demand. Jo says that gold leaf for example is often considered a ‘cheap’ way of adding glamour to a cake – but purchasing enough edible gold leaf to cover an 8 inch cake costs about £50 at trade prices, and carefully layering it on the cake is an extremely time-intensive process. Katy Davies from Katy Bakey tells me that the price of butter has doubled over the course of 2017 (due to supply being hit by a poor harvest and falling exports globally, while demand from markets like China is rising) and vanilla now costs more than silver (due to a number of bad harvests affected by cyclones in Madagascar).
Katie Lake Volcof, from Malarkey Cakes, bakes beautifully modern and unique wedding cakes in London – and has a similar story to tell. She says her average wedding cake takes her three days to bake and decorate (though of course simpler semi naked or buttercream cakes can be quicker).
The ‘three day rule’ she’s given me doesn’t even include correspondence and meetings with clients, cake sketching and planning (Katie provides all her clients with a digital mock-up to make sure they love the design), equipment prep, and 1-hr tasting sessions that she runs for her couples during evenings and weekends.
Gemma Hales, from Iris & Co Floral Design, is a creative florist based on London offering bespoke floral design for weddings, events, and photoshoots – and someone I’m very excited to be working with later this month.
Florists creating installations and arrangements for weddings work very long hours, often with extremely unsociable starts (at dawn at the flower market) and finishes (at midnight or 1am for clear up).
For wedding flower design, logistics can actually take up as much as half of the total time, and is much more manual labor than most people realise – mostly because the end result looks so graceful and effortless, and all the hard work happens behind the scenes before or after the wedding.
There is also of course the work that goes into each booking before the wedding day itself even comes along – Amanda Rousell, who makes gorgeous seasonal and ethical floral creations from her London studio at Amanda Jane Flowers, kindly sheds a bit more light on this for us.
Flowers themselves have varying costs, and an experienced florist will be able to give you guidance on which flowers are available, seasonal, and cost effective, while still remaining true to your vision and style. The blooms that make the rounds on Instagram, Pinterest, and wedding magazines tend to be rarer and more expensive flowers, as they will often not be the “standard” variety and rather be imported from Italy or Japan, or grown in small numbers at a farm. If you ask your florist for a flower wall, floral arch, extra-large flower urns, or hanging flower installations, be prepared for this to require a much larger budget. For fine-art inspired, lush, varied, high-end flowers carefully arranged into striking arrangements, a realistic budget allocation is 10 – 25% of the overall budget. Worth noting also that certain fresh flowers are sold to florists in certain set quantities, so if your brief includes just a few of a certain bloom, it may be that your florist will need to invest in the “minimum” size bunch. More delicate or fragile flowers may also greatly increase the overall cost and labour needed.
On top of labour costs, the value of your floral designer’s skill and expertise, and the cost of raw goods, florists will calculate their pricing to also cover the expenses of running their studio, whether it’s at home or a separate workshop. This means the figure you see also covers the cost of overheads of the shop and staff, insurance, tax, professional training, advertising and marketing materials, IT costs, portfolio maintenance to show prospective clients what they can create, business banking costs, the running cost of a van or large car to be able to deliver, cleaning and maintenance of tools, attending fairs (very costly for florists due to both the cost of stands and that of perishable flowers), ongoing professional development, and a small margin of profit in order to keep the business running.
Pri Kruijen, from London Wedding Stationery, crafts modern, luxury designs inspired by interior design, style, fashion, and travel. Pri tells me that stationers’ costs need to reflect printing costs, which vary greatly depending on quantity and technique, but are primarily a reflection of the time needed to create a bespoke suite.
Platforms like Pinterest and Instagram are fantastic for inspiration, but can be misleading when it comes to the complexity of the outcome shown. Gold foil and letterpress printing, for example, are very popular design elements at the moment, but both require custom plates to be made-to-order to produce each design and each colour. Calligraphy is carefully done by hand using a special pen and ink, as are wax seals, handmade paper, and illustrated maps. These kind of hand-finished touches are what make wedding stationery breathtakingly beautiful, completely bespoke to you, and a keepsake that you and your loved ones will treasure for years to come.
Of course, costs will vary a lot depending on whether you’re opting for pre-made designs or custom work, and beautiful options exists in both price ranges. Invitation design studios will have different material and overhead costs than mass-production frameworks, so if you are after something really unique and hand-crafted, do keep this in mind.
Miao Chen, from Aneberry, designs made-to-measure bridalwear from her beautiful London showroom – and kindly shared some really insightful thoughts with me.
So expenses that designers incur include the cost of advertising the designer in magazines and online, the cost of materials, the cost of manufacture (labour, factory upkeep, profit for studio sustainability), shipment from overseas factory to the UK and then delivery to shop, and cost of premises and staff. Intricate beading or embroidery done by hand will be more much time consuming than if sewn by machine – so the intricacy of a wedding dress design is one of the many factors that contributes to its cost, as it will require higher skill, more training, and more experience. The gown material itself can also vary greatly in quality and price of course; for example, fabric constructed of synthetic fibers is much cheaper than one made of real silk.
Felicity Westmacott now creates stunning bespoke bridal-wear, but started out with a small shop in Reigate as their alteration seamstress, while still at university, which gave her hands-on insight into how small retail profits work in this industry. She’s very kindly broken down for us an example of where the money paid for a mid range £1,500 designer dress might end up along the chain of supply.
For more thoughts on this, have a look at Felicity’s full blog post on the topic of bridal boutique expenses here.
In addition to being a fabulous make-up artist, Kayleigh Keen from KayleighK MUA is also a dear friend of mine, and an accomplice of many of the most fun and creative projects I’m involved in at the moment. When asked about her expenses and pricing, she shared some expert tips about the quality of the products that she invests in.
In addition to the cost of materials and products, there is of course all the time that goes into preparing for a wedding – like creating personalised moodboards, drawing face-charts, cleaning brushes and sanitising the kit – and the admin involved in being a financially sustainable and responsive self-employed business owner with a strong online presence. Working from home means that her package prices need to cover all the usual overheads, as well as tax, insurance, pension, and ongoing training.
Amy Park, from I Do Celebrancy, is an ex-lawyer and now independent Professional Celebrant working in London and around the UK. She very rightly highlights that the role of a celebrant can be at the very heart of the personal and ‘spiritual’ (in whichever form) elements of a wedding day, and one that should be given a lot of consideration when shopping around.
Then there are the usual business expenses for a self-employed business owner, such as insurance, accountancy, website and email, marketing, stationery, ongoing training and development (for example training with the Fellowship of Professional Celebrants), investment in equipment, software, internet, electricity, income tax, pension, and transport. Celebrants in the UK charge on average anywhere from £400 up to £700 or more to conduct a wedding ceremony, and there is very little profit left once the expenses above are covered.
Jon Beck, from RedLine DJs, is a musician and business owner passionate about providing modern, stylish, and bespoke music options.
When it comes to live bands, the price you see is the worth of hiring a professional act – which includes a salary for each of the experienced band members, travel time and expenses, admin time for booking and preparing for each event, purchase and maintenance of all the equipment, taxes, comprehensive insurance, marketing and advertising, rental of rehearsal spaces, and IT costs.
Steve Burton, from SmartpicsUK, hires out some absolutely lovely, premium, vintage photobooths – and has kindly shed some light for us on the hidden costs involved in running a photobooth.
Other costs include software and IT expenses for maintaining password protected galleries for each client, travel costs, specialist photo paper costs, maintenance of equipment, long set-up and clear out times, “idle” time between sections of an event, admin time for managing customer enquiries, and marketing – Steve tells me they spend thousands of pounds a year via Google, wedding directories, and wedding fairs.
I hope to write a separate piece on the challenges and costs involved in running a wedding venue – but didn’t want to write today’s post without at least a mention. The price a venue will quote for use of their spaces covers, among other things, support throughout the planning process, running costs (like include garden maintenance, housekeeping, and upkeep of rooms and bedrooms), constant maintenance (especially for those beautiful listed buildings we all adore), staff costs, IT costs, advertising costs, admin time and accountancy costs, taxes, insurance, vehicles, equipment, loans, and much more. Venue owners and managers often work seven-day weeks with little off time, all year, with a lot of hard work happening before and after events, as well as during.
I hope this piece has helped explain a little more clearly why weddings are “expensive” and why suppliers charge what they do. The hidden costs they battle every day leave very little room, for most wedding business owners, for profit – which I use here to mean the salary we pay ourselves to cover mortgages, bills, food, family costs, health costs, and everything else that makes up personal life. For most of us, these are not hobbies, and “making a living” sustainably from them requires very strict, strategic, and forward-thinking pricing. As alluded in many of the examples above, this calculation is a mathematical exercise not for the faint-hearted. The primary difficulty is that we try to time how long tasks take us, in order to charge accordingly, but in fact the non-billable hours spent working ON our business, as well as IN our business, are often not even taken into account. In addition to honing the job we’ve chosen – be it photographer, florist, or any other – we also need to learn to at least passably be (and find time to be) our own accountant, operations manager, brand stylist, secretary, PR manager, website developer, marketing manager, content creator, lawyer, graphic designer, and HR executive telling ourselves we’re supposed to take holiday. That’s a lot of hats. Outsourcing any of these jobs would eat into that hard-earned small margin of profit of the solopreneur, who is often so deeply immersed in his/her own company that delegation introduces a risk of loss of authenticity and quality.
All of this, and much more, is worthwhile of course, because we all adore the stories, people, and celebrations whose journeys we join. We give our time and effort happily, generously, and wholeheartedly, so – unsurprisingly now perhaps – accusations of “money-grabbing” do hit hard. Hopefully with honesty and clarity, we can all understand each other better, and the value of our costs.
To discuss, brainstorm, or say hello, get in touch!
Fantastic article and so true about the perception of costs, we’ve all heard people say something along the lines of “when you mention it’s a wedding, they double the cost”.
At Wedding Day Angel, we organise wedding fairs, which is another expensive outlay that suppliers have to pay for, and that’s before they even meet engaged couples.
Not only that, when suppliers attend a fair, they are spending a day or 2 of their time, plus the cost for staff, and setup and the costs for samples etc.
We’ve share this on Facebook, so hopefully this article will help more engaged couples realise all of the time and costs that are incurred for their suppliers. | 2019-04-21T22:01:54Z | https://thestarsinside.com/2018/06/the-value-of-the-wedding-industry/ |
My desktop PC is old and beginning to become unreliable. It's time for a replacement. I started looking around for a high performance desktop PC. I found several offerings, but they were either too large, too noisy, or too expensive. I have found that in manufactured PCs there is a trade-off between cost and noise. If you spend a bundle, you can get a PC that has high performance and is rather quiet as it is water cooled. If you try to save money, the PC is kept cool with a large number of fans. This makes the PC too loud for my taste. So, I started to research building a PC that would be small, powerful and absolutely quiet. I wanted to see if I could build a PC with no fans and to keep the complexity and cost down with no water cooling. It didn't take long for me to find a website called www.quietpcusa.com.
In researching PCs, I found Maingear's F131 to be very attractive. The case is mid-sized and the orientation of the system board unique in that all of the ports are accessible from the top of the PC. However, a build with a 4th generation Intel i7 would cost close to $3000. In looking on Quiet PCs site, I found a case from NoFan stating, "This unique PC chassis is intended to form the basis of a fanless PC. It is primarily made of aluminium for thermal conductivity, with generous ventilation which promotes natural convection cooling." This case looked identical to Maingear's F131 with additional venting on the side panels. I was unfamiliar with NoFan, but I soon discovered (as their name suggests) that they are a company dedicated to making fanless PCs.
"NOFAN focuses on research and development of new concepts in computer cooling solutions that resolve fan related noise. Our creativity in technology development is supporting the computer hardware industry as one of its guiding lights."
After doing a fair amount of research, I selected a NoFan case, a NoFan CPU cooler, and a NoFan power supply. All of these components, as the name states, have no fans – they all are designed to utilize convection cooling. I was excited about the potential for making a silent PC. But I was concerned that it wouldn't work well. It may be too hot and the power supply too small to support my component selection including a 4th generation i7 processor. But I also know that nothing is gained by simply repeating what has been done in the past. If needed, I could always add in some sort of additional cooling and put in a more powerful power supply. I also decided to not use a high performance GPU in the initial build in an effort to manage heat and power. I wasn't planning to build a gaming rig - rather a high performance general use PC for an aging power user. I went on to select a mATX mother board, slot loading DVD, and low profile RAM as the NoFan cooler is large and may interfere with taller RAM coolers.
The build wasn't very difficult. I found the case to be very well designed and complete with everything that I needed for the build. There was ample space, plenty of places to run wires and easy access to all areas in the case as 3 sides of it can be removed without any screws. I did have a few questions – how to orient the connections for the power switch and lights, and I was a bit confused about the power connectors. I called Quiet PC and was able to talk to Dave immediately. He was very friendly and helpful. As the case is new, he didn't have all of the answers. But he said that he would do his research and get back to me quickly. He is a man of his word and he bent over backwards to be helpful. In this day and age, I was very happy that I did not have to fill out a web form and wait for a reply.
The PC is proving to be excellent. It is absolutely quiet. It is odd to hear no noise at all – not a single whirling fan. The PC sits there running with the only indication that it's powered coming from the power lights and the LAN connection. I am shocked by the low heat output from this PC even when running a 4th generation i7. I almost went with an i5 as I was concerned about heat. The cost between and i5 and i7 is rather small these days, so I decided to take the risk. I'm glad that I did. I took the following thermal readings via my infrared thermometer after using the PC for 1 hour.
I'm very pleased with my build and would recommend the approach to anyone looking to own a very quiet PC.
So, I called Comcast support to see what’s going on. They sent out a tech who never showed up. I called the next morning and was told that the tech said that no one was home. I knew differently as my wife, daughter, and dog were home all day. Comcast always tells me that I'm one of its most important customers. They also have this new guaranty that they will give you a $20 credit if a tech is late for a support call.
Customer service didn't believe me. They said the tech was at the front door and no one answered. I asked to speak with a supervisor who held firm until she read the tech's call note out loud. The tech rang the door bell on a red brick 3 story building. I live in a tan townhouse condo and now have a $20 credit. There goes another 40 minutes of my life to Comcast. I really feel the love. It sent a tech the following morning. He showed up late and replaced my EMTA (cable modem with phone service) with one of it new combination EMTs with wireless by Arris. He said that it probably wouldn't matter as our service tested fine. I now have regrets about not being home for the service call. But I did get another $20.
I thought it may be a cool device until I programmed it. It exposes very few options including DNS and holds onto inaccurate client settings for way too long. Further, its signal was weaker than my wireless router and my connections problems were no better than before.
The more that I played with this unsolved mystery, the more I become convinced that the problem had to be related to DNS – Domain Naming Service – the system that the Internet uses to translate names (like www.google.com) to IP addresses. Without DNS, we’d have to remember strings of numbers to find websites rather than friendly names.
I wasn’t too happy with the results. It was perhaps a slight bit more reliable, but my problem was still present.
Since I couldn’t program DNS into the Arris EMTA and the device told me that my network was just fine, I called Comcast and asked them to replace it with a DOCSIS 3 EMTA without built-in wireless.
When the tech arrived on time, I sat him down on the couch and showed him my findings on my Internet connect HDTV. I first showed him the Arris EMTA reporting that the Comcast network is just fine. Then I showed him that I couldn’t even render www.google.com. I then showed him the settings page on my E4200, added in the newest DNS settings, and showed him www.google.com in a flash. I then removed the DNS settings and showed him a broken network again. Next, I ran SpeedTest. After 4 tries, I got the page to render and the test plotted along on a half-rendered page. The results were very poor. I then put the DNS settings back in and ran SpeedTest. The results were as they should be. I suspected that this was a bit over his head, but I asked politely that he look into this for me.
We switched out the EMTA and I connected my E4200 to it. All was better with the right static DNS. As an Xfinity insider, one of Comcast's most important customers, I now have a working broken network, $40, and less confidence in Comcast than I had before. Go figure.
An examination of the pros and cons of migrating parts of your small business to cloud computing is simple because the pros simply outweigh the cons. The cons are a small set of predictable objections including concerns about data security and vendor viability. The pros are many that do vary from business to business.
A good strategy for migrating to cloud computing for many small businesses is to migrate parts of the business that make sense one at a time. For example, when it’s time to replace an aging server hosting Microsoft Exchange, migrate to a hosted Microsoft Exchange Server. It’s not smart business to try to migrate too many applications at once. Change is good for any organization. But too much change can be overwhelming. This approach remains true for most existing businesses. However, if you are starting a new business, it’s very smart to use the cloud for nearly every business application.
Cloud computing is a game changer. Customers do not need to own as much IT infrastructure as in the past. They can rapidly deploy new applications without up front capital expense and pay as they go. Many cloud application vendors offer new users a free trial period and then either a monthly or annual fee for service typically based on the number of users. New users can often be added through the application’s administrative console.
Cloud computing lowers the cost of using computers in small businesses. Capital expenditures are limited to the devices used to access the applications and the infrastructure to access the Internet. The need for multiple servers, private networks, server and application software licenses, maintenance contracts, software updates, and the support staff needed to maintain the client/server environment simply goes away. Cloud computing enables small businesses to have rapid access to the type of computing power previously only available to large businesses.
Cloud computing enables users to work more effectively. Users are able to access their business systems and data from many locations. All that is needed is an Internet connected device that supports industry standards – PCs, Macs, smartphones, and tablets. Users can work as efficiently from a hotel in London as their home office in Boston. The need for a virtual private network (VPN) or remote control software is gone as well as the complaints about their poor performance and reliability.
Cloud computing is highly reliable. Users of cloud computing share costs and resources amongst many users allowing for efficiencies and cost savings around things like performance, load balancing, and even locations. Data centers can be located in areas with lower real estate costs leveraging very smart employees and state-of-the-art equipment and data centers. These are costs far beyond the IT budgets available to small businesses in a typical client/server model. Cloud computing is thought to affect reliability, security, and scalability in positive ways. In a cloud infrastructure, security and availability typically improves as the vendors comply to industry standards.
Cloud computing makes small business applications much less costly to maintain. Cloud-based applications are being used by an increasingly large audience. Application reliability improves as more users become involved, application updates are automatic and do not require local IT staff involvement, and technical support – when needed – is provided by highly trained staff at no additional cost. Technical support is included as part of the monthly or annual use fee. All costs associated with server and private networks disappear.
A customer of Consider It Fixed has owned 1 restaurant for several years where they use a client/server application to manage their catering business. Due to the high cost of purchasing and installing upgrades, they have been using a very old release of their catering software.
Recently, this customer purchased another restaurant in a different town. They plan to offer catering at this location as well. If they were to employ a traditional approach to integrating both locations into their catering system, they would need to add additional user licenses, a dedicated server, and a private network (including communications hardware/data services) to join the 2 locations together. This is a typical approach, but one that requires a large capital investment and high, ongoing maintenance costs.
I discussed my client’s requirements with their catering software vendor. I was pleasantly surprised to learn that the vendor offers a cloud-based solution in addition to their client/server solution. The solution to my client’s expansion became simple. The vendor took my client’s existing data, migrated it to their cloud-based application, and the multi-site catering software was up and running within 2 hours. Now, they can access their catering system from any Internet connected PC at a fraction of the cost typical of client/server solutions.
Consider It Fixed recently migrated a small investment company from a traditional, 5 year old client/server environment to a light weight, cloud-based architecture. Consider It Fixed made many changes to their computing environment and moved their user data from their internal server to the cloud via a very smart application service called Dropbox. The server is now only used for print services and to run an old accounting program that is specific to their industry. Dropbox allows multiple users to access data via the cloud, synchronize file changes, share files, maintain file change history, and automatically back up their data to a state-of-the-art data center.
The other day, I received a call the from the managing partner. He had a problem with a very important Excel spreadsheet. He explained that the problem began a couple of days earlier when he updated the file’s format from .xls to .xlsx.
I reminded him that Dropbox saves 30 days of file change history. He simply needed to log into www.dropbox.com to access an older version of the file that pre-existed the problem. His problem was solved in a couple of minutes. This would not have been possible before their migration to the cloud. Previously, the company backed up its data files infrequently and no one in the company has ever retrieved a file from a backup.
Internet access was provided by each user's home broadband connection and from free Wi-Fi access available in the state capital buildings.
It took the equivalent of one day of consulting to order the equipment, setup the equipment, and setup the applications software and cloud-based applications. I refer to this approach as light weight computing. It is very low in cost, rapidly deployed, and highly reliable. In fact, I have had only two requests for support from this client over this past year totally one hour of work. My client is very happy with the setup and has better access to modern technology than they did before as partners in a large law firm.
I have tried a number of Bluetooth devices in my car. I live in Connecticut, a state that enforces laws that require drivers to use their cell phone hands-free. Complicating my quest for the perfect device is that I’m just a bit hard of hearing. So, I need a device that is loud and clear.
I have tried a number of Bluetooth headsets. My overall problem is that either the people that I’m talking to say that I sound terrible or the device isn’t loud enough for me to hear my callers. So, I find myself pushing the headset into my ear canal to get the most volume possible. This sort of defeats the idea of hands-free.
So, I decided to look at hands-free car kit. I wanted a plug and play kit that would be inexpensive and portable from car to car. I drive a 2005 Land Rover LR3 and use an iPhone 4. My first purchase was the Parrot Minikit Slim. Parrot has a great reputation and has been making Bluetooth solutions probably longer than anyone. So, I figured that they would have a great product.
The Minkit setup easily and synch’d with my address book. It worked fine. The calls were clear and loud. But after sometime, my problems began. Many times, the device would not connect to my iPhone and the only way that I could get it to connect was to reset the Minikit. It happened so often that I stopped using it. I read all of the tech bulletins and updated the firmware, but the problem remained.
My next purchase was IOGEAR’s Solar Bluetooth Hands-Free Car Kit. This device setup easily and connected to my iPhone. The call volume is loud and clear. One of the nicest features of IOGEAR’s device is that it has a built-in solar charger. It come with 2 different mounts – one that attaches to the windshield where is can charge and another that attaches to the visor. I have never had a problem getting the device to connect to my iPhone. This device works as advertised, is inexpensive, and never needs to be attached to a charger. It is widely available for less that $40. At this price, it’s a bargain and I recommend it.
Consider It Fixed has joined with Themis Solutions Inc, the provider of cloud-based legal practice management software offering Clio. Consider It Fixed is a member of the Clio Certified Consultant Program. By doing so, Consider It Fixed is trained on the installation and support of Clio as well has priority access to Clio’s technical and development teams, and will be trained on methods of integrating Clio with other desktop and cloud-based products.
Clio is a comprehensive cloud-based practice management Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) product that is designed for solo practitioners and small law firms using PCs and Macs. It can be accessed from any Internet-enabled computer or mobile device. Secure and easy-to-use, Clio provides case/matter management, time tracking, billing/reporting, client contact and document management, task scheduling, trust accounting, and performance metrics for independent lawyers to benchmark their business goals. In addition, Clio includes ClioConnect, a secure portal for document sharing and collaboration with clients, and Clio Express, an offline time capture application.
At LegalTech in February 2010, Clio accepted a Law Technology News LTN Award for excellence in practice management software, a prestigious honor determined by the votes of LTN’s subscribers. Clio was also selected by TechnoLawyer as “Best in Show” at the ABA TECHSHOW 2010 and ABA TECHSHOW 2009. In addition, more than 95 percent of Clio’s users said they would recommend the software to others according to the company’s latest Customer Satisfaction Survey. Clio’s parent company, Themis Solutions Inc., is based in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Please contact Consider It Fixed you are interested in learning more about how Clio can improve the management of your legal practice.
I was recently diagnosed with chronic Lyme disease. Lucky me – I live in central Connecticut – the epicenter for Lyme disease. My treatment consists of a significant regiment of medications and supplements that I take 3 to 4 times a day. To make matters a bit more complex, these medications and supplements may be changed, added, and subtracted as my treatment progresses. Initially, I was very overwhelmed as I tried to organize and manage my treatment. As a technologist, my predisposition was to find a simple solution to manage this complex task. Simply put, I needed to be reminded of what I need to take at the time that I need to take it.
I live in a world where I have easy access to computers, online calendars, and smart phones. I currently use these tools to manage my personal and business life - much of which centers on my calendar. So, I set out to adapt these same tools to my medication/supplement challenge. I was easily able to create a working solution using my preferred tool: Microsoft Outlook, Apple iCal, Microsoft Exchange Server, and an Apple iPhone. However, this solution can be easily created using many other popular software tools found on PCs, Macs, and the Internet. Several free calendars are available from Google, Yahoo, Windows Live, and others that can readily synchronize with a number of popular smart phones. As well, not everyone needs to use a smartphone. For many, just using an online calendar with reminders will be a significant enough improvement.
While it’s not well known, most calendar programs support the idea of using multiple calendars. For example, you can have a personal calendar, business calendar, and in this case, a medication calendar. Several calendar programs also allow you to have a calendar with others. In a business, this may be useful for booking a meeting room. A family may use a shared calendar to manage everyones' summer schedule. I suggest using a separate calendar from the one that you may already be using for your personal and/or business information. In my case, I added a new calendar in Microsoft Outlook that is called Ian’s Medication Calendar.
Let’s say that you need to take 6 medications in the morning, 4 at noon, 5 at dinner, and 8 before bed. To start, create an appointment in your medication calendar on whatever day is currently is. For the title of the appointment, input the names of your 6 morning medications and their dosages, or as I do, the number of each pill that I take. I list them all separated by commas. Let’s say that you need to take these medications around 8 in the morning. So, set an appointment time at 8am and give the appointment a length of 2 hours. The reason for the 2 hour duration is so you have a large enough appointment block available to show the entire list of medications. Next, set the appointment as reoccurring (or repeating) for as long as you will be taking this mediation. If it’s open ended, simply set the end date for sometime in the future. I typically set mine for around 6 weeks as I see my doctor around every 6 weeks. Most calendar programs have the option to select that days that the appointment repeats on – everyday, every other day, selected days, etc. This is very useful if you need to take one medication on Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays rather than every day of the week. The last step is to create a reminder for the appointment so that you will be notified when it’s time to take your medication. The final step is to repeat this process so that all of your medications and schedule times are listed throughout the day and by using repeating settings for as long as you need. You now have a calendar listing all of your medications, the times that they need to be taken, and a reminder system. You can use your computer or simply print out your calendar in a weekly view to have a schedule that you can carry with you. As your medications and supplements change, you can simply change the appointment title and repeating information as needed.
Figure 1 is a screen shot of my medication calendar in Microsoft Outlook.
Figure 2 is a screen shot of my appointment settings for my morning medications in Microsoft Outlook. You can see my medication/supplement list in the Subject field.
Figure 3 is a screen shot of my appointment reoccurrence settings for my morning medications in Microsoft Outlook. Here I can set the length of the appointment so that it displays correctly and I can set the reoccurrence to daily and for 6 weeks long.
If you’re like me, you may be out and about during the day, and need to be reminded to take your medications. If your calendar is based on a calendar on web, it is often easy to add it to your smart phone. I use Microsoft Exchange Server with Microsoft Outlook to do this. As I mentioned earlier, many Internet-based calendars can easily synchronize with popular smart phones. If you don’t know how to setup this part, many Internet calendars provide help and instructions or you may want to contact your smart phone vendor for technical assistance. Since I already had my calendar integrated with my smart phone, my new medication calendar magically showed up on my iPhone as soon as I created it.
Figure 4 shows my 2 calendars on my iPhone.
Figure 5 shows Ian’s Medication Calendar on my iPhone.
Figure 6 shows my business calendar on my iPhone.
Figure 7 shows my Medication Calendar and Business Calendar overlapping on my iPhone.
In closing, I offer to you a simple solution to a somewhat daunting task. My approach is one that uses widely available computer-based tools. You can even take this approach further. As some of you may know, several technology companies are working on tools to help manage our medical information. I'm referring to significant companies like Microsoft and Google. Image if your doctor had access to your medication calendar. During your office visit, your doctor could update your calendar so any changes would be available immediately. By doing this, we could reduce mistakes, create excellent records of medication changes and everyone would benefit.
I enjoy my media center and large high definition TV. Since it is connected to the Internet, I have spent hours combing the web, exploring numerous sites offering movies, videos, TV shows, and other media products. I really got hooked on Internet connected media when I discovered that I could watch all 5 seasons of Lost from beginning to end thanks to Hulu.
My explorations have forced me to learn about and/or install several different media players. You see, there is no standard for this type of Internet-based content. It’s another Wild, Wild, West Internet adventure. Microsoft’s media center is OK for some things, but without significant customization is can’t play several types of media files. Nor, can it easily play content from sites like Hulu and ABC. The story goes on like this for nearly ever product that I tested. They do some things well, but there focus is narrow and self-serving.
“Boxee is the first "social" media center, whose free, open source, downloadable software is changing the way consumers experience media.
According to its website, the idea for Boxee was born when founding friends Avner, Gidon, Idan, Tom, and Roee, came up with the idea for boxee in 2004 when they began using Xbox Media Center, open source software for the original Xbox that allowed people to play digital media on their TVs. They became members of XBMC’s open source community and in 2007 imagined a way to take the platform even further. Since 2007, Mr. Ronen and a team of 11 others have worked to extend the base code for XBMC with online sources like hulu and Netflix as well as social networking in Boxee.
Today, Boxee is available for Windows, OS X, Linux, and Apple TV. In the near future, Boxee will be available on its own dedicated setup top box via a partnership with D-Link and others will follow.
It supports all of the platforms that I use including Windows, Apple and Linux.
It plays nearly every media file type that ask it to. I now longer have to comb the Internet looking for codecs, players, and converter.
It provides a consistent interface to media content from a number of sources. It's open and not married to it’s own content. I think of it as a media aggregator.
It has the best user interface and user experience, bar none, of any media player available. Setup is simple. Basically, you can install it and go. There are some simple options that can be used to customize Boxee. But they are easy to navigate and understand.
It works with a number of media controllers without the need to train, installing additional software and the like. I use it with a Logitech Harmony One remote control and a wireless keyboard. Neither control required any special setup.
Boxee has a great remote control app for the iPhone. I installed it and it worked on the first try.
I can use Boxee to find a wide variety of different media content from a large number of source on the Internet. This is done through its search capabilities and connections to popular social media sites.
More than any other web search site, people flock to www.google.com by the millions daily. However, most google users don’t know about the host of search tools that google provides to its users. Following is a rather exhaustive list of many of the things that you can do on google.
To see the weather for many U.S. and worldwide cities, type "weather" followed by the city and state, U.S. zip code, or city and country.
To see current market data for a given company or fund, type the ticker symbol into the search box. On the results page, you can click the link to see more data from Google Finance.
To see the time in many cities around the world, type in "time" and the name of the city.
To see scores and schedules for sports teams type the team name or league name into the search box. This is enabled for many leagues including the National Basketball Association, National Football League, National Hockey League, and Major League Baseball.
All sports data provided by STATS, Inc.
To use Google's built-in calculator function, simply enter the calculation you'd like done into the search box.
If you’re looking for results from Google Book Search, you can enter the name of the author or book title into the search box and we’ll return any book content we have as part of your normal web results. You can click through on the record to view more detailed info about that author or title.
To see information about recent earthquakes in a specific area type "earthquake" followed by the city and state or U.S. zip code. For recent earthquake activity around the world simply type "earthquake" in the search box.
You can use Google to convert between many different units of measurement of height, weight, and volume among many others. Just enter your desired conversion into the search box and we’ll do the rest.
To see trends for population and unemployment rates of U.S. states and counties, type "population" or "unemployment rate" followed by a state or county. You can click through to a page that lets you compare different locations.
If you're looking for someone you just met or a long-lost friend, enter the name of that person plus some identifying words about him or her to see a list of people with that name.
If you want to search not only for your search term but also for its synonyms, place the tilde sign (~) immediately in front of your search term.
To see a definition for a word or phrase, simply type the word "define" then a space, then the word(s) you want defined. To see a list of different definitions from various online sources, you can type "define:" followed by a word or phrase. Note that the results will define the entire phrase.
Google’s spell checking software automatically checks whether your query uses the most common spelling of a given word. If it thinks you’re likely to generate better results with an alternative spelling, it will ask “Did you mean: (more common spelling)?”. Click the suggested spelling to launch a Google search for that term.
If you’re looking for a store, restaurant, or other local business you can search for the category of business and the location and we’ll return results right on the page, along with a map, reviews, and contact information.
To find reviews and showtimes for movies playing near you, type "movies" or the name of a current film into the Google search box. If you've already saved your location on a previous search, the top search result will display showtimes for nearby theaters for the movie you've chosen.
To see information about a common disease or symptom, enter it into the search box and we'll return the beginning of an expert summary. You can click through to read the entire article in Google Health.
You can quickly find the U.S. poison control hotline (1-800-222-1222) by entering "poison control" or similar phrases into the search box.
"Mr. Yuk" icon courtesy of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.
During flu season, search for "flu" to find tips on how to stay healthy from U.S. Health and Human Services and a flu shot locator which uses Google Maps to show you nearby locations offering seasonal and/or H1N1 flu vaccine.
To see flight status for arriving and departing U.S. flights, type in the name of the airline and the flight number into the search box. You can also see delays at a specific airport by typing in the name of the city or three-letter airport code followed by the word "airport".
To use our built-in currency converter, simply enter the conversion you’d like done into the Google search box and we’ll provide your answer directly on the results page.
Looking for a map? Type in the name or U.S. zip code of a location and the word "map" and we’ll return a map of that location. Clicking on the map will take you to a larger version on Google Maps.
Google ignores common words and characters such as where, the, how, and other digits and letters that slow down your search without improving the results. If a common word is essential to getting the results you want, you can make sure we pay attention to it by putting a "+" sign in front of it.
To search for web pages that have similar content to a given site, type "related:" followed by the website address into the Google search box.
Sometimes the best way to ask a question is to get Google to ‘fill in the blank’ by adding an asterisk (*) at the part of the sentence or question that you want finished into the Google search box.
You can track packages by typing the tracking number for your UPS, Fedex or USPS package directly into the search box. We’ll return results that include quick links to easily track the status of your shipment.
To search for U.S. patents, enter the word "patent" followed by the patent number into the Google search box and hit the Enter key or click the Google Search button.
To see the geographical location for any U.S. telephone area code, just type the three-digit area code into the Google search box and hit the Enter key or click the Google Search button. | 2019-04-23T00:52:39Z | https://www.consideritfixed.com/technology/ |
The American Revolutionary War lasted eight years. And eight years of war ain’t cheap. It took money to buy arms. It took money to buy uniforms. It took money to pay soldiers. And paying for these for eight years required a lot of money. Which the Americans didn’t have. They were at war with Great Britain. Who was their major trading partner. And pretty much their only trading partner. As the Americans were a British colony in the days of mercantilism. Which meant the Americans sent raw materials to the mother country. On British ships. Through British ports. Britain then transformed those raw materials into finished goods. And exported them. On British ships. Through British ports. Throughout the world. And back to America. Before the Revolution, that is.
Thankfully for the Americans there was a nation that hated the British. And had been in a near perpetual state of war with them since about forever. And they had just recently lost their North American territories to the British. Which they wanted back. So the French had other interests than American Independence. But American Independence was a good opportunity to settle the score with their old nemesis. And when the Americans defeated a British Army at Saratoga the French thought that just maybe the Americans could pull this off. And if so they wanted to be in on the spoils of a British defeat.
So the French financed a large part of the American Revolutionary War. But it wasn’t enough. The Continental Army was poorly fed and poorly clothed. Even leaving bloody footprints in the snow as the Continental Congress couldn’t put boots on their feet. Nor could they pay them. So they turned to printing money. Unleashing a brutal inflation. No one wanted the currency. The inflation was so bad that it lost its value before they could spend it. So no one wanted to accept the Continental paper dollar. Giving rise to the expression ‘not worth a Continental’. Everything had two prices. A low price if you paid with hard currency (gold and silver coins). And a very high price if you paid in Continental dollars. They printed so much money that the money became worthless. So the Continental Army just took what they needed from the people to keep their men from starving to death. Leaving the people with an IOU. That Congress would redeem one day. Maybe.
Today hard currency is a thing of the past. It’s pure un-backed paper these days. This paper money has no intrinsic value. And you can’t exchange it for gold or silver that does. But you sure can print it. Well, the government can. And they do. They borrow and print money like there’s no tomorrow. Allowing them to spend money they don’t have easier than ever before. And it’s not just for feeding and clothing our soldiers. But just about everything under the sun. Causing the federal debt to soar.
Think of the growing federal debt like a credit card with a growing balance. And these balances grow fast because each month they charge you interest on your past purchases. And on your past interest charges. Which is why if you let that credit card balance get too high it’ll grow beyond your ability to pay it off. A lot of people who do find themselves filing a personal bankruptcy. Because the interest charges just balloon their monthly payment. With the interest in their credit cards consuming an ever larger portion of their paycheck. As should the interest on the federal debt consume an ever larger portion of federal tax receipts.
Interestingly, the percentage of federal tax receipts going to pay the interest on the debt has in general fallen as the federal debt rose. Odd. The more debt one has the greater the interest one pays. That’s how it works on our credit cards. When the debt was approximately $6.2 trillion in 1991 the percentage of total tax receipts going to pay the interest on the debt was 27.1%. But when the debt soared to $16.1 trillion in 2012 the percentage of tax receipts going to the interest on the debt fell to 15%. The federal debt grew to be 2.6 times what it was in 1991. Yet it appears we are paying less interest in 2012 than in 1991. Something doesn’t seem right.
A couple of things could explain this. And the first thing that comes to mind is tax revenue. The reason why interest on the debt as a percentage of tax receipts has fallen while the federal debt grew is, perhaps, that tax revenues grew even greater. So even though interest on the debt could be soaring along with the soaring federal debt the government could be awash in tax revenue. And if the number you’re dividing by is larger than the number you’re dividing into it than you get a smaller percentage. Simple arithmetic. The driver of the federal debt is the annual deficits. So let’s compare interest on the debt to the deficit. To see if the interest on the debt rises with the deficit.
And it doesn’t. In fact, the interest on the debt almost held constant when the deficit plunged into a surplus. And when the deficit soared to a record high. It seems like there was some other factor involved here. Something actually keeping the interest on the debt down. Even when the deficit soared after 2007. What could do this? Well, there is only one other thing to look at. Interest rates.
And we have our answer. Interest on the debt has not kept pace with the debt because of bad monetary policy. Keynesian economic policies introduced permanent inflation into the economy. The Keynesians in government kept interest rates artificially low to stimulate economic activity. Those low interest rates stimulated so much economic activity in the Nineties that it created a dot-com bubble. And when it burst it created a painful recession in the early 2000s. Also, President Clinton’s Policy Statement on Discrimination in Lending lowered lending standards in the Nineties setting the stage for a great housing bubble that burst into the subprime mortgage crisis in 2007. And the Great Recession.
The Keynesians have been increasing the money supply (i.e., printing money) in a desperate attempt to pull the economy out of recession. Which is why the market yield on a 10-year treasury has fallen as the deficit soared in the early 2000s. And fell even more as the deficit soared even further after 2007. With the yield falling to as low as 1.8% in 2012. Even though the demand for so much borrowing should have raised interest rates. Which would have happened had the government not been increasing the money supply.
And this is why interest on the debt as a percentage of receipts has fallen. Despite record debt. Some may look at this and think it’s a good thing. As it lets the government borrow more money. So they can give us more stuff. But printing money causes inflation. Which has been kept at bay for now thanks in large part to the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis. As investors everywhere are desperate to find a safe harbor for their money during these uncertain times. But that won’t last forever. Eventually those interest rates will rise as the purchasing power of the dollar falls. Raising prices. And the cost of borrowing. A lot. Because of that record debt. And when they start selling new treasuries at higher interest rates than the ones they’re replacing a very large portion of our tax receipts will go to pay the interest on the debt. Just like when people charge too much on their credit cards. Pushing the country closer to bankruptcy. Just like people with overextended credit cards. And like countries in the Eurozone.
We had the sequester. Before that it was the fiscal cliff. Before that it was the debt ceiling debate. We hear these things. But it’s like water off a duck’s back. It doesn’t sink in. We hear but we don’t understand it. In one ear and out the other. In fact people are tired of hearing of how we go from one financial crisis to another. Enough already the people say. Enough. Pity, really. As there are some serious consequences to the decisions our politicians are poorly making.
Part of the problem is that these economic issues are difficult to relate to for average Americans just trying to take care of their families. A trillion dollar deficit? A debt reaching $16 trillion? A lot of people don’t know the difference between the deficit and the debt. Including many of our television news talking heads. And then the sheer magnitude of the word ‘trillion’ is just difficult to fathom. We know it’s big. But no one uses it in their personal lives. We know a $200 utility bill is expensive. An $8,000 property tax bill is expensive. A $40,000 car is expensive. But a trillion dollar deficit? It is hard to make a connection to the size of a trillion dollars.
Compounding the problem are all these Keynesian economists who say there is nothing wrong with running a deficit. Or the growing national debt. Despite the financial debt crisis in the Eurozone. Where running a deficit and growing national debt have caused great problems. But the Keynesians say that can never happen here. Because our economy is so much larger. And the U.S. can still print money. So people don’t know what to believe. The government and their economists sound like they understand this stuff. While a lot of people don’t. So the people who don’t are more inclined to believe those who sound like they understand this stuff. Which makes it easier for the politicians who are making all of these horrible decisions to make even more of them.
So to understand deficits and debt it would be better to bring it down to our level. And once we understand it at our level then we can understand better what’s happening at the national level. So let’s do that. Let’s imagine a person earning $30,000 a year. Or $2,500 monthly. Let’s further assume this person’s earnings are not enough to support their lifestyle. So they turn to their credit card each month for an additional $100 in spending. Which is this person’s deficit. The amount they spend over what they earn. Or money they spend that they don’t have. So they charge it. For this example we’ll assume a credit card with a 24% annual percentage rate. In the following table we crunch these numbers for 120 months. Or ten years.
The columns in the table are fairly self explanatory. Each month we start with $2,500. We start borrowing money in month 1 so there is no interest in the first month. We subtract the interest from the monthly income to arrive at income less the interest charge on the credit card. Our spending budget each month is $2,600. Requiring $100 in credit card purchases in the first month. Each month this increases by the amount of interest charged each month. The last column is a running total of the credit card balance.
Over time the interest charges run up the outstanding balance on the credit card. Because we are paying interest on both our purchases and our interest. So as time goes by this increases our credit card balance at an increasing rate. Soon the interest charges take a larger percentage of our monthly income. So much so that we need to borrow more and more to maintain our current level of spending. The interest charge on the 120th month equals 38% of our monthly income. Chances are that it would never get this bad as we would be unable to make our monthly payment long before the 120th month. And with an outstanding debt approaching our annual income we probably would have filed for bankruptcy protection long ago. For at these interest rates it wouldn’t take long before that debt grew beyond our ability ever to pay it back.
We can see this better if we graph these numbers. We can see the cumulative debt growing at a greater rate over time. Just as does the percentage of our personal income going solely to paying the interest on our debt. Truly wasted money. Spending money for things we purchased long ago. And if we spent it on restaurants and vacations we have nothing tangible to show for this. Nothing we can sell to get our money back. Just interest payments that seem to go on forever and ever. For something that gave us a few hours or days of pleasure. Which is the worst kind of debt to have. As there is no way to pay it down other than with current earnings. Meaning we have to make sacrifices today and tomorrow for spending we did long, long ago.
On the chart we have a horizontal line for monthly income. And one for annual income. We can see that it only takes 21 months for our credit card balance to exceed our monthly income. Not even two years. But only 1.9% of our monthly income is going to pay for interest on the debt. Which doesn’t sound that bad. So we keep charging. Just after three years of doing this we break $100 in interest expense. Requiring 4.2% of our earnings to go to pay the interest on the debt. It only takes another 2 years to break $200 in interest expense (8.4% of earnings). It only takes another year to bring the interest charge to $300 (12.3% of earnings). In 99 months the interest charge breaks $600 (24% of earnings). And the total outstanding credit card debt is now greater than our annual earnings. Making it very unlikely that we’ll ever be able to pay this balance down.
Anyone who charged a little too much on their credit cards knows what this feels like. And what those phone calls from collection agencies are like. Not good. Anyone who charged anywhere near this example no doubt brought great stress into their lives. They might have lost their house. Their retirement savings. Their kids’ college funds. Or had no choice but to file a personal bankruptcy. But when we run our debt up this high there comes a point where we cut up the credit cards. Making a serious cut in our spending. Because that’s all we can do. We can’t just earn a lot more money. And we can’t print money. If we could do either we would not have a debt problem in the first place.
This is where average Americans and the federal government differ. Average people have no choice but to be responsible. While the federal government can allow the problem to grow and grow. For they can arbitrarily raise their income. By raising taxes. And they can print money. Unfortunately for average Americans both of these options make life worse for them. Raising taxes makes us cut our personal spending as if we ran up our credit cards. Forcing us to get by on less. And printing money causes inflation. Raising prices. Which, of course, forces us to get by on less. This is why the deficit and the debt matter. For income is limited. Whether it’s ours. Or the federal government’s. And when you spend more than you have more money goes to paying interest on the debt. Which is money pulled out of the economy and thrown away. The ultimate cost of spending money you don’t have. Money thrown away. And, of course, potential bankruptcy.
Boy, do people like to demonize CEOs. I mean, they really hate them. These chief executive officers. Overpaid and underworked. And then there are all those stock options. Making them bazillionaires. By increasing the value of the company to shareholders. Without a whit of concern for the little guy on the factory floor doing the work. It just isn’t fair. Sitting in their plush offices. Flying in their private planes. Staying in 5-star hotels. Living in mansions while vacationing on some island paradise that they might in fact own. Living champagne and caviar lives. For doing what?
Actually, for doing quite a lot. Mostly thinking. And deciding. Making decisions that will impact every employee of the company. Now. And years into the future. Decisions that will determine if there is even a future. For a corporation is like a ship. It is large. Complex. And has momentum. It can’t turn on a dime. One decision today could steer that ship into open waters for clear sailing. Or into an iceberg.
The world is a changing place. Nothing is static. Including the economy. And consumer spending. For the consumer can be a fickle person. We know what they’re buying today. But no one knows what they’ll be buying tomorrow. And that’s the problem CEOs face. The things they’re making today will sell tomorrow. Or later. In fact, factories they build today will make things that will sell years later. So the decision to build that factory had better been a good one. Based on some good market research. Objective analysis. With no personal prejudices involved. Such as laughing at new innovation. Saying there’s no way it will replace the current industry standard. Such as a phone company not getting in to the cellular business because everyone will always have a landline into their house. In fact, they’ll have a few. One for their phone. One for their fax machine. And one for their dial-up modem. “And what could ever change that?” said the fat-cat phone executive while chomping on a cigar. Shortly before the board of directors fired him.
Moms are lot like CEOs. They, too, have to look long-term. And it starts with choosing a husband. When they are ready to settle down and raise a family. And they’re not going to waste their time with men who don’t want to settle down. Like Beyoncé says, “if you liked it then you shoulda put a ring on it” (Single Ladies). It’s no longer about dating for fun. It’s now about finding a life partner. And women will choose carefully. They’re looking for someone with a good job. Someone who is responsible. Someone they can trust. Someone who is healthy and will sire healthy children. Someone who is strong and self-confident. Who can be both a provider and protector. Perhaps someone who goes to church. So they can bring their children up with strong morals. They’ll start choosing their dates based on these criteria. Then love can enter the equation. Which it does. And it’s often a deeper and more long-lasting love. Because attraction is based on all of these things. Not just physical appearance.
This decision is important to be a good mom. Because it will affect the next 20+ years of her life. And it will affect the lives of her children. So she has to weigh a lot of things in making this decision. Like a CEO’s vetting process choosing his or her officers. Because it’s for the long haul. She’ll work 7 days a week. And must be available at all times of the day. Even if she is sick. Like a CEO. Only NOT with pay commensurate with her responsibilities. Unlike a CEO. And those responsibilities include raising her children. And managing the household. While her husband works. Old school. Like Paula Cole says. “I will raise the children if you pay all the bills” (Where have all the Cowboys Gone).
A CEO has a chief financial officer (CFO) to manage the finances. Mom just wear another hat. And manages the finances, too. The husband works. But he gives his wife the paycheck. For although his earnings pay the bills, she writes the checks. And balances the budget. Which often take a little finesse. Because there isn’t a lot of money in the beginning. And raising children and owning a house can be very expensive. So managing cash-flow becomes a fast learned skill. Because groceries, school supplies, clothes, utilities, insurance, mortgage and taxes don’t all come due in pay periods equal to the amount of the paycheck. Which means she has to put a little aside each pay period (like a sinking fund in corporate America) to pay the big things that come due at various times throughout the year. Or tap her line of credit (i.e., credit card), making cuts in the monthly budget to service the new debt and pay down the high-interest loan as quickly as possible. Oh, and she cooks and cleans, too.
Some may belittle the classical housework of being a mom. The cooking and cleaning. But when raising children they can be the most important of her responsibilities. Of all the animal kingdom, human offspring are the most helpless. And they’re helpless for the longest time. It takes 18 years before they leave the nest. And they’re growing that whole time. Fueling that growth with three meals a day. Two if they buy lunch at school during the school year. This is something a CEO doesn’t have to worry about with employees. Being accountable for everything they eat or drink. And not getting them sick in the process for food preparation is a dangerous business. Especially when working with raw chicken. So she’s health inspector. And dietician. Managing their growth with the family doctor. Making sure they eat their vegetables. Drink their milk. Because it all matters. To make sure their bones are strong and healthy. And to have strong immune systems. For the old maxim is true. We are what we eat. Which is a challenge for a mother. Because kids don’t like eating healthy. Or being clean, for that matter.
Yes, it’s true. Mothers want their kids to wear clean underwear. But it’s not just to save them the embarrassment should their child be in an accident where someone may see his or her dirty underwear. (Well, maybe a little.) It’s because poor hygiene kills. And there are few things more unhygienic than pooping. These are some nasty germs. They cause outbreaks of cholera when they contaminate drinking water supplies. And cause E. coli food poisoning when transferred to our food supply (that’s why there are signs in restaurant bathrooms saying that all employees must wash their hands so they don’t kill anyone with their food). Nasty stuff. So mothers are fanatical about bathing their kids. Making sure they wash their hands after using the bathroom. And that they wear clean underwear. Also not to pick up food that fell on the floor (that 5-second rule is a dad rule). Or put things in their mouths that they shouldn’t. And they’ll keep all their cleaning and plumbing supplies locked up and out of reach of their children. Their medicines, too. Because kids like to put things in their mouths. And will eat or drink anything they find that isn’t a vegetable on a plate.
As protective as she may be, her child will most probably get sick. Some other kid may sneeze in her child’s face. Or some other kid may not wash his or her hands after using the bathroom. Or use a door knob when they have a cold. Or pass the measles to her child. Then mother becomes nurse. Carefully administering medicines. Emptying barf buckets. Cleaning her child and the bedding when he or she misses the barf bucket. All the while cooking and cleaning. And managing the household.
And the responsibilities never end. There’re good manners to teach. Honesty. Morality. Good behavior. Inside the home. And when out of the home. The mother instructs constantly. And sets a good example. Dad, too. When the kids are around they’ll watch their language. Because they don’t want their kids to have potty mouths. And Mom and Dad will treat each other with respect. Because they want their children to grow up as ladies and gentlemen. For boys to treat girls with respect. Not to hit them. Or objectify them. And no matter what Mom may have done on spring break when she was in school, she will not do anything now that will set a bad example for her daughter. Or give ideas to her son. Like getting girls drunk so they make bad decisions is okay.
This is something moms share with CEOs. Leading by example. Because perception in the corporate world can make or break a company. That’s why they have zero-tolerance policies for bad behavior. Because a reputation of bad behavior (racist, sexist, hate speech, etc.) will give a corporation bad press that can take years to overcome. Especially if it’s a high-level manager. Or an officer. In fact, it’s worse at that level because of the vetting process. Like choosing a husband, these people are chosen for the long haul. And bad behavior in these people reflects poorly on the CEO. Because he or she chose them. If your CFO is arrested for tax fraud it shows that you are a poor judge of character. And have a poor handle on your business operations. And if you’re CFO is committing tax fraud under your nose, you probably are doing a poor job. And no doubt the board of directors will be looking for a new CEO. As one of the best ways to get over a scandal is by cleaning house.
Being a CEO is hard. So is being a mom. There’s a lot of on the job training. Which is more of just figuring things out as you go along. You learn from your mistakes. All the while being overworked. And underpaid. Working horrible hours. With little sleep. On call 24/7. With no breaks or vacations. Yes, there may be family vacations. But Mom will still be working on those vacations. Same responsibilities. Just a different setting. At least the CEO has a staff to handle things while on vacation. At best a mom gets a quiet bubble bath while the kids are at school. Or a quiet moment on the toilet. Safe behind a closed door. For a few quiet minutes.
Moms and CEOs have their differences. But their responsibilities are the same. A corporation’s success depends on the good decisions of its CEO. Just as the success of a family depends on the good decisions of Mom.
You ever get those checks from your credit card companies? Write yourself a check at 0% interest for 6 months? And then in the fine print they note that if you don’t repay the money within that 6 month period you will be charged interest from the day you cashed that check at something like 30% APR. Compounded monthly. So if you write yourself a $5,000 check and pay it back the day after that 6 month period ends, you’ll find that you’ll have to pay back close to $15,000 for that $5,000 loan. That’s the miracle of compound interest. Working against you.
So, in 6 months time, it will be much harder to balance your books than it would have been before you borrowed that money. This is the worst thing about credit card debt. High interest charges that are rolled into your outstanding principal. This makes the outstanding balance grow faster than a lot of people can pay them off. Car and house payments, on the other hand, have fixed balances and lower interest rates. We usually can pay those off.
People will say that credit card companies are charging usury interest rates. They think that we should have laws to force them to lower their interest rates. If car and house loans can be under 10%, why can credit cards charge interest rates as high as 30%? Well, in a word, collateral. If you fail to pay your house or car payments, the bank will take your house or car. They will then sell them to try and get their money back. Credit card debt is unsecured. It’s pretty hard to take back restaurant dinners and hotel stays and sell them to get your money back. So when people default, the credit card companies get nothing. So they have to charge higher interest rates to cover these losses.
So using credit cards to make up for a spending deficit is not a good thing. Granted, there are emergencies where some have no choice. But a lot of us just seem to spend more than we earn. Or take bigger debt risks. We may like the bigger house better than the more affordable one. We may like a new car better than a good used one. Of course, those things come with bigger monthly payments. And we may have no problem paying for these things. Unless a spouse loses their overtime. Or their job. Or the ARM on your mortgage resets to a higher interest rate. All of a sudden, then, those monthly payments begin to hurt.
But not everyone gets into trouble because of a change in income or interest rates. For some it just happens. Gradually. Money’s good. You take some vacations. Eat out a few times. Buy some nice things for the house. A home theater. A nice patio with a twin BBQ and some nice furniture. Next thing you know you’re living beyond your means. You notice that your credit card balances are growing larger. And your monthly payments are growing smaller. Which in turn makers your balances grow larger. All of a sudden, you have trouble paying your bills. And you can’t understand this because you were making such good money.
Parents are often critical of their children’s spending. Go back some 20-30 years and they were very critical. Those parents who grew up during the Great Depression and went without during World War II know the value of not buying anything until you saved the money for the purchase. A lot of kids got tired of hearing this. “You shouldn’t be spending your money on that. You should be saving it.” But a lot of us wouldn’t listen. Because we wanted things and we didn’t want to wait. So we bought them. Spent our money. Ran up our credit cards. Got ourselves into trouble. And went back to Mom and Dad for help. Why? Because they saved their money. Lived well within their means. Were able to retire comfortably. And can now afford to help bail you out of your troubles.
What’s true for people is true for governments. Earlier governments knew the value of not spending money they didn’t have. Thomas Jefferson slashed the federal budget when he became president. He feared that a perpetual federal debt only empowered a federal government. If the debt became permanent, then so must the government. Alexander Hamilton liked debt for that very reason. Not Jefferson. Hamilton wanted to create an American Empire to give the British Empire a run for her money. Jefferson just wanted people to own and farm land.
So in the beginning, and through the middle, Washington operated on a shoestring budget. Kept its spending manageable. And it’s debt minimal. Lincoln exploded spending to pay for the Civil War. And subsequent presidents did likewise for the two world wars. But things really started to change in the 20th Century. First with Wilson’s Progressives. Then FDR’s New Deal. Then Johnson’s Great Society. Federal spending grew at an alarming rate. Because America came into her own in the later 19th/early 20th century. We became a rich nation. A world leader. And there was a lot of other people’s money to spend.
Thus the era of entitlement spending had begun. Immigration was swelling the U.S. population. We were having lots of kids. All of us were working hard. And paying our taxes. America was like that 2-income couple working lots of overtime and buying lots of things. The good times looked like they would just go on forever. So America was ‘buying’ Social Security for everyone. And Medicare. Medicaid. And lots of other stuff. But then a strange thing happened. Our population stopped growing. We closed Ellis Island. Immigration was down. Birthrates plummeted. Neighborhood families didn’t have 10 and 12 kids in their houses. A Baby Bust followed the Baby Boom. Or, more accurately, a taxpayer bust. For the aging population was growing at a greater rate than the taxpaying population. Which meant fewer and fewer people were paying for more and more people collecting Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid.
Are Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid Unfixable?
And this is a problem. And the problem grows greater with every day that goes by. Because with every day that goes by, more seniors start collecting Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid benefits. While fewer new people enter the work force to pay for these programs. And despite raising taxes and cutting benefits, costs continue to exceed revenue. So the government takes out its ‘credit card’ to finance this deficit.
Of course, we call these programs ‘third rail’ programs. That is, if a politician threatens to cut any of these programs they can kiss reelection goodbye. So they don’t. They just kick the can down the road. And the problem grows ever more costly to fix. Both monetarily. And politically. Which makes them just want to keep kicking that can down the road to let someone else worry about them.
But like our credit cards, we keep running up our outstanding debt. The debt is so high now that the interest on the debt is a major budget item. We have to fix this problem. We can’t keep kicking it down the road. Greece tried. And look what happened to them. The European Central Bank (ECB) had to bail them out. And Greece is still not out of the woods. Now Greece is a great nation. A lot of history there. But it’s not quite as big as the United States. Being small has its advantages, though. It’s easier for others to bail you out. We don’t have that luxury. There isn’t anyone big enough to bail us out. Except, perhaps, an old enemy. Communist China. Imagine that. One of the last communist nations in the world having to come to the rescue of the most powerful (and once most capitalistic) nation in the world. If that ain’t a fine how do you do.
We should have listened to our Founding Fathers. Because our parents always knew best. Pity we don’t learn that until after we make a mess of things. | 2019-04-21T04:23:03Z | http://pithocrates.com/tag/credit-card/ |
Today’s Sonic Twitch included an announcement and a reveal for a second Puma shoe model from the Sonic X Puma collaboration. The shoes take a Dr Eggman theme, and were teased in the stream.
The shoes will be available in a limited quantity from 5th of June, 2018 for $130.
The stream hinted these shoes will be available from shoe specialists and from other Puma distributors worldwide.
As always, stay tuned to TSS for more Sonic merchandise news!
First4Figures has posted a new teaser image on their private Official Collector’s Club group. The teaser appears to be hinting at a potential statue for the upcoming, as-yet untitled Sonic racing game.
The image, followed by a coy “teehee,” isn’t much to go on. While this is hardly a confirmation, the blue Sonic-esque spike and checkered flag background would seem to make it being Sonic racing game related a safe bet. We’ll bring you updates as they come.
Coming hot off the presses at the SXSW twitch, the SEGA panel have announced a brand new partnership with shoe manufacturers Puma.
The teaser trailer, shown for the first time at the convention, shows off a pixelated image of the PUMA X SEGA RS-0 SONIC – with a reveal of the final product coming soon.
The shoes will be available in June, but you’ve got to be fast; they will only be available for a limited time and in limited numbers.
As always, TSS will keep you up to date with more details as they come!
While Battle Racers is still in it’s funding phase on Kickstarter, Gamenerdz and IDW games have announced a similar board game of their own. “Sonic the Hedgehog: Crash Course.” In the game, You can play as either Sonic, Tails, Knuckles or Eggman in their classic style as you race to collect the Chaos Emeralds. The game has an MSRP of $29.99, but is available for pre-order for $18.97. Check out the official statement below and go to the official website for more details.
Sonic, Tails, Knuckes, and Dr. Ivo “Eggman” Robotnik are on a crash course for the Chaos Emeralds! Speeding through the classic Green Hill Zone, players in Sonic the Hedgehog: Crash Course race to be the first player to collect the most Chaos Emeralds! If you want to take the victory, then you gotta go fast! Game design by Sean McDonald.
-WIN if you’re the fastest to earn the most Chaos Emeralds!
Diamond Select Toys have been responsible for some very well done toy lines based on pre-existing licensed products such as Ghostbusters and Marvel. Well with New York Toy Fair just a few days away they have just announced that they will be making a new line of Sonic toys.
I’ll let you guys decide if you want to add that racetracks bit to the racer game rumour pile.
So we have, diorama style figures, miniture block figures, mini figures and racer figures!
The toys are due for release around Christmas 2018, but they will apparently be on display at the New York Toy Fair which is next week.
We’ll update you as soon as we get more information.
Over in Nuremberg, the annual Spielwarenmesse toy fair is underway and as usual the toy makers are showing off their new toys for release later this year. Well, one such toy maker has just added fuel to a fire which had been virtually extinguished earlier this week.
Zappies who were responsible for a number of All Stars Racing Transformed toys way back when the game was first release were at the convention and have allegedly told Spindash.de that there is a third Sonic racing game on the way!
Whilst there is no outright proof of such a game, what strongly supports it is that their booth is full of the original ASRT toys which went out of production years ago. They claim these are here as placeholders in a bid to give some retailers an idea as to what the new game and toys will look like.
This comes less than a week after a document from Sumo Digital was leaked which suggested a new ‘Kart Racer’ from a ‘Global IP’ was in development, and just days after Aaron Webber claimed that it wasn’t happening.
Keep checking TSS, hopefully we can get all this resolved very soon!
Start saving your pocket money, as board game purveyors Shinobi 7 LLC will soon be launching their Kickstarter campaign for their newest board game Sonic the Hedgehog: Battle Racers! The product is advertised as a strategic board game designed for 2-5 players, in which each participant takes on the role of one of multiple Sonic the hedgehog characters represented by a set of fantastic, size-scaled figurines.
Shinobi 7 plan to launch their Kickstarter campaign this month, offering up exclusive and Limited-Edition items to those who pledge their support. A retail edition of the game will be available later in the year through Diamond/Alliance.
“Burst into action with Sonic the Hedgehog: Battle Racers! Select your racer, choose your route, and fight your way to the finish while avoiding opposing racers and a variety of dangerous obstacles. Control your speed, use your abilities, and activate your special powers to collect as many rings as you can in an amazing race.
For further information and images, check out the Shonobi7 website.
Despite reports that F4F were looking to cancel their Sonic line, it seems there might be one last gasp effort to bring life to it once more.
In a Facebook post discovered only just now, First4Figures recently asked members of their collectors club to vote on designs for a new Modern Metal Sonic Statue.
Based on the image, there are two design concepts being considered, however the poll also has options for ‘not interested in Metal Sonic’ which is currently the second most rated option!
Why did it take so long for people to notice? Might have something to do with the post going live on Christmas Day, when we’re all eating turkey and opening gifts.
Source: Facebook (need to be a member to vote and view).
In what could be argued as being the first big reveal for 2018. Tomy has updated their re-seller catalogue for 2018 which includes a lot of brand new Sonic toys covering action figures and plushies.
With regards to action figures we have a new a classic Amy pack which comes with a metal art plate and a Classic and Modern Eggman pack which also comes with an art plate.
But more interestingly, Zavok is finally getting a figure and Infinite is also getting the action figure treatment along with some Chao accessories.
More modern based figures, but the most interesting thing on show here is the comic book packs, you see… that doesn’t appear to be an Archie or IDW comic book, but something completely new!
Terror, excitement, confusion… all in one page. On the one hand with have the awesome looking classic Sonic figure, and the utterly stunning looking Super Sonic plush…. Only to find Amy and Vector who appears to be hitch hiking.
More plush toys planned, this time we see a new Classic Eggman and an Evil Chao figure join the line! Also is it just me or is Knuckles giving Shadow a bit of a look there?
More on these as and when we get the details in.
In just a few hours, Black Friday will officially begin here in the UK. So with that in mind we’ll keep you updated with all the best deals that we can find related to Sonic.
Keep an eye on our twitter account as we’ll be posting any additional updates there and the details of which here.
TeeTurtle: 50% off pretty much everything including their Sonic stock!
* We have heard rumours of Sonic Forces being priced at $20 in some Gamestop stores, not had any verification of that.
We’ll add more deals as and when we find them.
Found anything not on the list? Let us know in the comments.
The formerly South Korean exclusive Boom8 Sonic figures from GNF TOYZ are now available for pre-order from First4Figures’ website. The two 8cm (3.2 inch) PVC figures are being sold together as a combo pack for $45 USD and will be shipped out at some point in the first quarter of 2018.
Anyone who wants to pre-order will need to put down a 30 percent deposit. The deadline to pre-order is November 17.
The store is currently only open in the Americas, New Zealand and Australia.
SEGA are setting up shop online with a new official store. As announced in the latest official Sonic stream, this store is set to open as soon as next Tuesday.
The range that’s planned covers quite a large amount of franchises and products. While Sonic has the most prominence, the store will also start out with the SEGA Mega Drive, Golden Axe and Revenge of Shinobi, and there’s more on the way. Items range from plush toys and mugs to clothing, enamel pins and more. There’s even set to be some items exclusive to the store, and as soon as it launches you will be able to get the T-Shirt that was previously seen at TGS.
Currently, the store will be available to those in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Latin America. They are looking into plans to expanding its range in the future.
The latest issue of Licensing Today Worldwide makes mention of an online store opening as well, this one dedicated to personalised and customisable merchandise. It mentions the range starting with gifts, technology accessories and homeware, with a projected opening timeframe of this winter. It’s currently unknown if this is related to the SEGA Shop.
If you want something to purchase for a Sonic or SEGA-loving friend in time for Christmas, this might be the right place to look!
Licensing Today Worldwide October 2017 [Lema Publishing], p32.
Sonic Channel, the Japanese source for all things Sonic, has announced that Sonic Forces will see the release of its soundtrack in both physical and digital formats.
Earlier this year, GNFToyz, a South Korean company released a number of really awesome Sonic figures and have since teased an expansion of the range… Just one tiny problem; these were a retail exclusive to a South Korean store and unless you lived in South Korea it was exceptionally difficult to get your hands on these. Well… that’s not true, you could get them if were willing to pay 3-4 times the RRP on ebay, no really they were being re-sold for that amount!
Well it looks like they may have found a western distributor. A photo taken by Toyark of the First4Figures New York Comic Con booth appears to confirm that F4F are going to be distributing them worldwide!
Based on the photos taken, it looks as if F4F have begun a partnership with GNFT and series 1 of the figures will be available ‘soon’.
Hopefully we won’t have to pay 3-4 times the RRP to get our paws on this one!
Keep Checking TSS for more updates as we get them.
Today we’ll be taking a look at the Sonic Bath Balls, a charming little toy/cosmetic product which was released in Japan earlier this year. The above video contains footage of what it’s like to actually use one, so if you’re curious to see what the effect it has on water as well as human skin check it out.
So the idea is, you buy a bag at random and then take a bath with the bath bomb. As the bomb dissolves you are left with your toy. Typically, these blind bag toys have no clues as to what’s inside them unless you weigh them.
Well this is where things get interesting, because these blind bags do have an identifier! Each bag has a code printed on the back, there are 5 different codes which relate to the different characters. Each code ends with the following combinations.
So it’s completely possible to get a full set of these without ever buying a single duplicate!
Even before I opened the individual bags, there was a noticeable smell coming from the retail box. Upon opening a bag and unwrapping the first bomb it really kicked in. I can’t really say for certain what the smell was, but it reminded me a lot of those old bubblegum flavour pop drinks you used to see kinds in schools drinking a lot. Or like how back in the 90’s the most exotic flavour of ice-cream you could find was that blue bubblegum flavour.
So if you want to smell of bubblegum, these are a must.
Turns The Water (And Your Skin) Blue!
If you want to see what happens when you actually drop one of these into water, skip to 8:30 in the video posted at the top of this article.
Watching the ball slowly dissolve in the water, the liquid quickly turned a deep blue colour with a lighter blue foam over the top. Only, it’s not just the water it turns blue, it also changes your skin a noticeable blue colour. You might at this point be thinking ‘does it wash off?’ Well… no, not completely.
The blue colour remains on your skin for a while, even if you rub your hands with soap and water you won’t get it completely off.
It makes me wonder how many people got these and just threw them in the bath with themselves. At least they’ll get an audition at the Blue Man Group if that did occur.
The actual toy itself is… Surprising high quality and really well made! Out of the 5 figures I’ve got, all 5 are nearly flawless, no paint errors, no build errors, there’s absolutely nothing wrong with them.
The level of detail on them is also surprisingly high. Shadow actually has his jets carved into the sole of his shoes, Amy’s eye lashes are painted correctly and there is no sign of paint bleeding at all.
Even very small details like eye pupil colour, there is no sign of paint bleeding or errors on any of the toys.
They’re also quite durable, they remind me a lot of the old Monster in My Pockets, you can squish them a little but they’re not going to break unless you twist and pull them violently.
This is one of the most surprising products of the year, I was expecting the toys to be really low quality, lots of paint errors, poor build construction with no way to tell what figure was inside each bag.
Instead, these are some of the best quality toys I’ve seen for a long time. Given their size and cost you would expect these to be very low end toys. But the opposite is the case, the quality is very high and is supported by a keen attention to detail.
Over here in the west the closest thing I can think of to compare these too if we go by price point and concept would be the Tomy Gacha toys. The difference is night and day, Tomy’s Gacha toys often feel and look very cheap, fall apart with ease and have a lot of paint errors, whereas in Japan’s product does more and is putting the western offerings to shame.
Definitely recommend these if you can still find them. Just beware turning yourself blue.
Sonic CE Statue Contains An Actual LED Light And Can Be Modded to Work.
A twitter user by the name of Jojo has discovered that if you open up the Genesis/Mega Drive stand of the Sonic Mania Collector’s Edition statue, there is an actual LED light in the display! (NOTE: Doing so would void any warranty you might have on it.) What’s more, you can make it work! The tiny circuit board for the “SEGAAA!” sound includes two holes marked “LED”. All you need is a bit of copper wiring and a screwdriver. You can check how he did it on Jojo’s Twitter page, but man! What an easy mod! It makes you wonder though. Sega seemed to back out of the LED light working at the last minute. Why?
An upcoming retail list from Gamestop has somehow leaked, and it has listings for four brand new Sonic the Hedgehog Funko Pops!
The first two may just be new accessories added to the old Sonic Funko Pop that came out all the way back in 2013, but the last two would certainly be brand new, as the original line only had Tails and Knuckles in addition to Sonic.
If these do make it to store shelves, you may want to make a point of getting them while you can, as the old Funko Pops can fetch prices upwards of $100. We will be keeping an eye out for more news on the matter.
If you’ve been into any videogame store recently, odds are you will have seen a line of figures called ‘Pixel Pals’ if not, here is what one looks like.
Just small little figures to sit on your desk and look at you whilst you do your homework. Well… it looks like Sonic might be joining the line.
A listing has appeared on Amazon.se which shows a listing for a ‘Sonic the Hedgehog’ Pixel Pal. No pictures of the product have been released, but a release date of November 15th 2017 and a price point of just under 15 Euros was in the listing.
As usual keep checking TSS as we’ll let you know additional details as and when we get them in. | 2019-04-24T10:11:45Z | https://www.sonicstadium.org/news/merchandise/page/2/ |
In the way of seeing things found in process thought, God is taken to be the chief causative agency in the creation. But he is not the only cause, since every ‘actual entity’, in Whitehead’s idiom -- or, as we might say, every occurrence, occasion, or energy-event -- has the capacity to exercise a certain creativity. That is only another way of affirming that each of these is able to make significant decisions, in the sense of adopting this possibility and rejecting that one. And a decision once made brings consequences which must be reckoned with. But God exercises a special kind of causative activity, to be sure, in that he is the source of all novelty through his offering lures or invitations for the creature’s decisions, and also the guarantor of the order or patterning which prevents the world from descending from significant and enriching contrast into meaningless and damaging conflict beyond hope of recovery.
But God is also the chief receptive agency in the creation. Whatever is done, and wherever or by what or whom it is done, makes a difference to God. For process thought, this is taken to mean that God is not only that One who effects things; he is also the One who is affected by things. He remains always God, to be sure. Nothing can surpass him, nothing can make him less than utterly adorable, nothing can diminish his divine nature with its faithfulness and its utterly loving concern in creative action. Yet the accomplishments of the created order are received by him into his own life, and to them he responds by making use of them for the furthering of his divine intention.
One way of affirming this is by speaking, as we have done, of the divine memory. Whitehead’s associate and interpreter Charles Hartshorne has used this concept; and their followers in the process way of thinking have found it a useful and illuminating idea to employ in understanding how God is affected by the world. Further, we have argued that the notion of divine memory enables us to say something helpful in our attempt to see how that which takes place in the world, and not least in human existence as we know it, can have an abiding value in God.
God’s receiving the world’s achievements into his own everlasting life; God’s remembering for ever that which is thus received; God’s using for further good the achievements which have taken place in the created order -- here are points which need to be emphasized when we begin to think of the worth or value of human existence. I quite realize the difficulty which some have found in the stress on the divine memory. Generalizing from our own experience, they say that memory is not a very secure basis for establishing that worth. Furthermore, they can easily parody the whole position so that (as one critic, a friend of mine who is not unsympathetic to the wider process conceptuality, has phrased it) talk about divine memory may be taken as nothing more than indicating God’s continually re-playing some old film or continually listening to some old soundtrack. But Old Testament writers had a very different and a much more profound understanding of memory in God, as indeed also of memory among us humans.
For an ancient Jew memory seems to have been given what may well be styled a certain causal efficacy. ‘To remember’ was to make some event in the past ‘come alive’ in the present. Obviously the Jew did not think that in some outlandish way the past was actually re-played nor did he believe that what had happened in that past was, by its ‘being remembered’, made in actual concrete fact a contemporary occurrence. What he did believe, we may say, is that the past could be made effectual, significant, and genuinely a causative agency in the present situation. But if that were the case with human memory, even more was this true in the divine memory. A good instance is the prayer of Nehemiah, who asks that his God ‘will remember him for good’. That is to say, Nehemiah is portrayed as believing that for God to have vividly before him, in its importance, something done in this world -- in Nehemiah’s case his dedication to the rebuilding and welfare of the city of Jerusalem; for God to have that as part of the divine memory was to establish the accomplishment for ever. It had become part of the divine life, so to say; it now and to the end of time would qualify that life. Thus God was indeed ‘the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob’. These patriarchs had lived, and fulfilled their vocation, had done that which God purposed for them to do; now they were unforgettable, not only in the trite and obvious sense that they were great men with great achievements to their credit, but in the much more serious sense that they had altered for ever ‘how things were to go’ between God and the world and between the world and God.
It is obvious, then, that my earlier phrase about the past ‘coming alive in the present’ was not lightly chosen. Consider present-day Jewish observance. When a contemporary member of the people of Israel observes the Seder at Passover time, he or she is explicitly ‘remembering’ what the religious tradition says took place in the exodus from Egypt, in the crossing of the ‘sea of reeds’ (as the Hebrew puts it, not ‘the Red Sea’) and in the hurriedly eaten meal of the Jews as they made their escape from the persecution of the Egyptian ruler. It is not at all -- for this devout modern Jew -- simply a reminiscence which it is helpful to bring to mind and about which there can be talk at that sacred meal. As the family group shares in the food, as the answer is given to the question put by a child there present as to just what this meal is intended to commemorate, something happens. The deliverance of those who later took themselves to be ‘the chosen people’ is re-enacted and made vividly contemporary. Those present at the Seder are made participant in the deliverance; it is they, quite as much as their ancestors in the remote past, who know and experience God’s arm as ‘mighty to save’.
Furthermore, by asking, as is done always at that meal, that God remember what was done in that past event, the Jews are expressing the conviction that in the never-failing memory of their God what was done at the first Passover is integrally part of what we might well style, in our own modern idiom, the divine experience. God is the God who has done these things; God is the God who has accepted his people in their covenant with him made after their deliverance; God is the God who can never be understood as existing save seen as related to, and worshipped as the One who is their God. What was done in the remote past, therefore, is alive in God; and it also ‘comes alive’ for God’s people as they, in their succeeding generations, bring it to remembrance. Things make a difference for God; they make a difference in God too. This is not to say, of course, that the divine becomes more divine: for the Jew God is always unsurpassably God. Yet God is the One who values and uses, because God incorporates into the divine life which is everlasting the good that takes place in the historical sequence; and God overrules or uses for good that which comes from the ‘vain imagination of foolish men’ in their sin and defection -- and, we may add, from anything else that is evil or wrong thanks to the free decisions made by the creatures in their divinely granted capacity to choose among relevant possibilities.
I find it impossible to understand how this view can be dismissed by some people as superficial or trivial. I take it to be something which, far from being of little value, is in truth of quite enormous value in our attempt to come to some understanding of God’s way of securing permanent validity for that which otherwise would be nothing other than an instance of the ‘perpetual perishing’ which patently marks the world as we know it. In particular, it seems to me that this way of looking at things helps to make sense of the talk about resurrection, both of Christ and of those who are ‘in Christ’. We might say that we have here an eminent instance of the ‘de-mythologizing’ of an ancient religious conviction; but along with that we have a re-statement of its point in an idiom which preserves its essential meaning but does not fall victim to the charge of Outlandish mythological portrayal.
Human existence comes to an end; the last word on the last page of the book of our life is written. But that is not the end of the story in an ultimate sense. It is indeed the end, so far as your and my subjective selfhood is concerned, with conscious awareness, with the capacity consciously to act and to choose, and with everything else that is found in our mundane world of space and time. Yet we have been able to find a way of asserting the abiding worth of our mortal span of years, such that our having existed at all can be said to have had dignity and value. In a profound sense there can be no end at all, since the God who has accepted, received, and responded to this is the One of whose days there is neither beginning nor ending. For God thus to remember -- to treasure and keep in his own everlasting life, as a process conceptuality will claim is done -- is for the data which are remembered to abide for ever. Or, in the language of resurrection, they have been ‘raised up into’ God’s life, just as through the initiating lures and the circumambient invitations upon which these creaturely events acted there was a ‘coming down’ or (if you will) an ‘incarnating’ activity of God.
1. God as Cosmic Moralist. At its worst, this notion takes the form of the image of God as divine lawgiver and judge, who has proclaimed an arbitrary set of moral rules, who keeps records of offences, and who will punish offenders. In its more enlightened versions, the suggestion is retained that God’s most fundamental concern is the development of moral attitudes. This makes primary for God what is secondary for humane people, and limits the scope of intrinsic importance to human beings as the only beings capable of moral altitudes. Process theology denies the existence of this God.
2. God as the Unchanging and Passionless Absolute. The notion of ‘impassibility’ stressed that deity must be completely unaffected by any other reality and must lack all passion or emotional response. The notion that deity is the ‘Absolute’ has meant that God is not really related to the world. the God-world relationship is purely external to God. . . the world contributes nothing to God, and . . . Gods influence upon the world is in no way conditioned by divine responsiveness to unforseen self-determining activities of us worldly beings. Process theology denies the existence of this God.
3. God as Controlling Power. This notion suggests that God determines every detail of the world. . . Process theology denies the existence of this God.
4. God as Sanctioner of the Status Quo. This. . . characterizes a strong tendency in all religions. It is supported by the three previous notions. . . To be obedient to God is to preserve the status quo. Process theology denies the existence of this God.
5. God as Male. God is totally active, controlling, and independent, and wholly lacking in receptiveness and responsiveness . . . God seems to be the archetype of the dominant, inflexible, unemotional, completely independent (read ‘strong) male. Process theology denies the existence of this God (pp. 9-11).
To this listing, so well made by Cobb and Griffin, I should wish to add two other models which seem to me to be found in much of the conventional talk of deity. One of these is God as the remote creator, who once upon a time in the far distant past ‘created the world’ but since then has left it to go more or less on its own way, provided, of course, that it follows the laws which (as a hymn puts it) ‘never shall be broken’. We might call this the ‘Newtonian God’, whose only interference in the world, if those are the right words, occurs when God is required to set right a defect which develops in the functioning of the creation. The other model is God as the kind of sentimental love which makes no demands, has no requirements, bends to every pressure, and can become the ‘smothering love’ which precisely because of its ‘softness’ is subtly able to control and dominate others and to make any genuine assertive activity on the part of the creatures well-nigh impossible. This view of God has its parallel in the horrible spectacle of a mother or a father who has no firmness nor real integrity and who can ruin children by providing neither true dependability nor persisting purpose. Paradoxically, such a parent effectively denies to the child any genuine independence -- as many of us have so often seen in our own observation or experience.
Cobb and Griffin propose a quite different model for God, a model which is in entire agreement with what has been urged in this book and about which I have written more fully in my God: Models Old and New’ (to appear in 1981 from Pilgrim Press, New York). They call this model ‘God as Creative-Responsive Love’. I have called it the model of God as ‘the Cosmic Lover’; but I welcome these writers’ spelling it out in their speaking of that Lover as both ‘creative’ and ‘responsive’. My only addition would be the insistence that God is also ‘receptive’. Indeed Cobb and Griffin not only recognize this but insist upon it, although they do so in somewhat different terms. Their proposal is in accordance with all other representatives of process thought when employed by Christian theology.
The several false ways of thinking about God, to which we have just given attention, are in one sense only a projection from the human mind at its worst. As Voltaire said, the ideas of God which are entertained by people are images of what such people think to be highest or most worthy in their own experience: ‘God created man in his own image; and men have returned the compliment,’ said the French satirist. But the first part of the Voltairean saying, drawn of course from the Bible, also needs attention. What does it mean to speak of humans as ‘created in the image of God’? I believe that the basic meaning is that human existence reflects, or is believed to reflect, the essential nature of God. And if we are prepared to affirm that God’s essential nature is sheer love, then we can go on to say that human nature is potentially a reflection of that love, although inevitably in a finite and limited, and equally in a defective, fashion.
On the other hand, there is a sort of reflexive movement, so that when such love is seen as the potential reality of human existence, this then becomes also the quality which in human experience is more likely to be esteemed and expressed in action. To think of God as Love-in-act is to say that those who are ‘in the divine image’ are also intended by that God to be themselves lovers-in-action. But we can also see how the same procedure brings about less happy consequences with respect to the ‘models’ of God which, as I have urged, process theology must reject and which, as I have also said, the deepest insight of the Jewish-Christian tradition would also reject.
If God is conceived as cosmic dictator, this notion is a reflection of the human desire to control and manage. At the same time, the acceptance of such a picture augments even more strongly this human desire. So also if God is taken to be passionless and uninfluenced, we have a reflection of the human desire to exist without any influence from others and to abstain from the sympathetic participation in other lives which might bring pain and sorrow. Yet once God is conceived in that way, this human desire is strengthened, and men and women can think that such unfeeling Stoicism and such an unaffected attitude are right and proper for them. If God is taken to be the cosmic moralist, this is a projection from the human wish to judge and through such judgment to reward or punish in terms of the degree to which other persons ‘live up to’ our own ideas of what is correct. Once this notion of God is entertained, that judgmental stance then receives renewed strength in the lives of men and women.
Again, when God is pictured as the guarantor of the validity of things as they are (in Cobb’s and Griffin’s words, the status quo), we can readily see how this is tied in with the kind of reactionary conservatism which, as Whitehead once remarked, is fighting ‘against the cosmic process’. It is indeed a kind of defense used by such people to protect their own interests and refuse all change. Yet when God is interpreted in this fashion, the consequence is that such a negative attitude towards novelty and change is given augmented power and those who think in this way consider their own established interests divinely approved and heavenly sanction given to their own rejection of developments which would call these interests in question. Once more, the idea that God is to be modeled exclusively after so-called masculine characteristics is readily seen to be the way in which males who are fearful of, or threatened by, more feminine qualities protect themselves. God then becomes the supreme instance of machismo. When this happens, the aggressively masculine stance and the dislike of women’s having their part and place in the affairs of the world -- and in religious communities, the refusal to give women a full share in the communities’ life and in their ordained ministry -- are taken to be supported by the cosmic order and hence given a divine force in human affairs.
It is likewise in respect to the two concepts which I have added to those mentioned by Cobb and Griffin -- the remote creator in time past and the ‘smothering’ or sentimental kind of so-called (but mis-called) love. The God who created in the past and then left things to go on on their own, save for occasional remedial acts, well represents the way in which some men and women prefer to stand aside from others, yet insist on making occasional (and often disastrous) intrusions into the life of those others. That picture, once accepted, gives greater vigor to the human attitude in question. On the other hand, the notion of God as sentimental niceness -- what I have called ‘smothering love’ -- springs from the wish of many people to be so completely tolerant that they are unwilling or unable to take a stand on anything. If God is taken to be like that, it then follows that human love itself is interpreted as being ‘Pollyanna-ish’ sentimentality, prepared to accept whatever happens, tolerant of anything, however vicious, and utterly lacking in vertebrate strength. And as I urged above in first speaking of this particular picture, the paradoxical consequence is that it is in precisely this kind of spineless attitude that we find a vicious control and possession of others, particularly of those nearest and dearest to the sentimentalist.
I have engaged in this lengthy discussion of ‘models of God’ for one reason. What sort of God is it, we must inquire, about whom we are talking when we speak of a relationship which will give value and worth to human existence? The concepts which have been rejected cannot do this, for they seem all to place that existence in a position where it is acted upon but can never react to deity. There is no dignity, no importance, no genuine contribution made by the created being; hence relationship with God must be purely one-sided, entirely external. God could not then receive into himself, and make part of the divine life, the creatures which are so much outside that life that they are indeed not worthy and not valued.
It is different when we think of God as the cosmic Lover who is receptive and responsive. It is different also when we take for one of our analogies the way in which the mind works in and upon the body and the body acts with and for the mind. When such a picture of God is central to our thinking, we are able readily to appreciate how the divine can receive and give a place to the human. We can also readily appreciate how the divine can work with the human and how the human can work with the divine, in what is in fact a common life or fellowship. Men and women are then seen to be ‘co-creators’ with God, as Whitehead put it; and as such they are both the creatures of God’s love and the sharers in God’s ongoing purpose of good in the creative advance.
Rupert Brooke, the English poet of the early years of this century, spoke of his belief in this worth, value, and dignity. He was writing, in the now largely forgotten sonnet ‘The Soldier’, about his own feeling concerning death in ‘a foreign land’. And he said that he would hope that he might be ‘a pulse in the eternal Mind’. Now to some this will appear a very unsatisfactory sort of statement. It will appear minimal, at the best. And so it would be, if the ‘eternal Mind’ were simply some vast and characterless cosmic ‘thought’. But if this ‘eternal Mind’ is the rich, pulsating, loving, living, faithful, yearning, compassionate reality which our talk of the creative-receptive-responsive cosmic Lover has indicated, the story is quite different. To be so much participant in that Mind that one is, as it were, a pulse’ in its vibrant life would be a destiny wonderfully appealing.
When to this we add what has been said in the preceding chapter about the ‘risen life’ in God, made specifically available to men and women through their participation in Jesus Christ ‘risen from the dead’, we have a ‘de-mythologized’ portrayal of what ‘happens after death’ which speaks deeply to authentically Christian faith. God does that which is best; he can be trusted to do just this. And what could be better than the assurance of acceptance by God, in the fullness of what we have been and done, and granted a place in God’s life where our human accomplishments are safely preserved for ever? | 2019-04-19T18:31:41Z | http://www.religion-online.org/book-chapter/chapter-7-god-as-recipient-2/ |
Launched at the United Nations in 2008, Business Call to Action (BCtA) aims to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by challenging companies to develop inclusive business models that engage people at the base of the economic pyramid (BoP) – people with less than US$10 per day in purchasing power in 2015 US dollars – as consumers, producers, suppliers, distributors of goods and services and employees.
BCTA is a unique multilateral alliance among donor governments – including the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, the UK Department for International Development (DFID), and the United Nations Development Programme, which hosts the secretariat.
230 companies, ranging from multinationals to social enterprises, and working in 70 countries, have responded to the BCtA by committing to improve the lives and livelihoods of millions in developing countries through access to markets, financial services, affordable healthcare, water and sanitation, education and other critical services. BCtA member companies are market leaders that provide examples of successful, profitable and scalable models for reaching poor communities and contributing to global development.
Providing visibility and recognition to quality inclusive business commitments – the models that leverage the company’s core competencies, engage BoP populations directly, have demonstrated a track record of business and social development success, are at scale or scalable to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and are leaders on sustainable business practices including gender equity, universal principles of human rights, labor, environment and good governance.
Driving private sector commitments and encouraging wider adoption of inclusive business models as companies’ core businesses.
Through its online tools, publications, workshops and webinars, the BCtA is supporting companies in their inclusive business maturity journey.
BCtA Impact Measurement Services (BIMS) is a unique offering for inclusive businesses to better plan for social and environmental impact, and contribution to the SDGs while driving inclusive business performance.
BCtA Impact Measurement Services (BIMS) provides technical expertise to help inclusive businesses conduct ongoing measurement of social and environmental impact along with financial and operational performance through survey-based data collection from their employees, customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. For more details, please refer to the ‘Impact Practice’ page.
Building evidence base of quality inclusive business models across sectors and geographies that deliver social impact and contribute to the SDGs.
Upholding thought leadership on relevant inclusive business topics.
Contributing to public-private dialogue, policy making and sector development as they related to inclusive business while promoting conducive inclusive business environment on national and global levels.
Worldwide, 230 companies have responded to BCtA by making commitments towards the SDGs to improve the lives and livelihoods of millions through commercially-viable business ventures that engage low-income people as consumers, producers, suppliers, distributors of goods and services and employees. By 2030, these aggregated commitments will result in increased access to financial services for 59 million people, improved access to energy for 80 million people, improved access to healthcare services for over 617 million people and a 635-million-ton reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, along with many other positive impact. But there is still much work to be done: inclusive businesses need support to increase their development impact. And while the responsibility for inclusive business rests with entrepreneurs, the environment in which the private sector operates is just as important as the nature of the business itself.
The BCtA Secretariat is made up of a team of professionals and support staff who manage the day-to-day operations of the program. BCtA is headquartered at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and has representatives in partner offices around the world.
Sahba Sobhani is a Global Programme Advisor-Private Sector in the Bureau for Policy and Programme Support (BPPS), UN Development Programme (UNDP). In this capacity, he provides programme support and policy advice on private sector development issues and technical oversight for UNDP’s multi-stakeholder initiatives including the Business Call to Action Initiative, the Connecting Business Initiative and the G20 Global Platform on Inclusive Business. He has significant experience in programme design, development and resource mobilization in the area of private sector in development including the design the first in the world mobile money-enabled housing repair initiative for early recovery in Haiti and the successful setup of a national CSR Center in Egypt and a global center in Turkey. He has also designed and implemented a successful targeted corporate outreach strategy that tripled the number of inclusive business member commitment by leading companies from 50 to 150 through the Business Call to Action Initiative. He has been the principal author and content manager of all 5 major UNDP-led reports in the area of private sector in development, including 2003 African Stock Exchanges Handbook, 2004 Report of the Commission on the Private Sector and Development: Unleashing Entrepreneurship: Making Business for the Poor, 2008 Global Growing Inclusive Markets Report: Creating Value for All: Strategies for Doing Business with the Poor, 2010 Growing Inclusive Markets Initiative, MDG Report and Report Team co-manager of two regional Growing Inclusive Markets Reports for Africa (2013) and Emerging Europe and CIS (2011); .Previously, he managed two key UNDP private sector initiatives in the executive office of the former Administrator of UNDP, Mark Malloch Brown, including the Commission on the Private Sector and Development, and the African Financial Markets Initiative. He co-authored Unleashing Entrepreneurship: Making Business Work for the Poor, the seminal report of the Private Sector Commission produced at the request of former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Mr. Sobhani was the managing editor of the African Stock Markets Handbook. He has also worked in the private sector at Idealab in Palo Alto and Newscom Limited in Singapore. He is a graduate of Yale University and the Fletcher School of Diplomacy (USA).
Nazila leads the Knowledge and Partnerships work for the Business Call to Action. Before joining BCtA, Nazila worked on regional economic integration, agricultural value chain development, youth entrepreneurship, and SMEs development projects with the UNDP International Center for Private Sector in Development and the Private Sector AFIM Unit at the UNDP Regional Centre for Africa. Prior to re-joining UNDP in 2015, Nazila worked as an Economist and Project Coordinator with Coffey International Development, a leading UK-based consulting firm that focuses on coordinating and managing donor funded projects in developing countries globally. She supported the management of multiple M4P (Making Markets Work for the Poor) Private Sector Development Projects for major clients such the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the World Bank and the US Agency for International Development (USAID).
Previously, Nazila worked with the UNDP Kenya Country Office on governance reforms, civic and voter education and youth and women empowerment. Nazila started her career as an intern with the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Nazila holds a BA in Economics and International Relations from the University of Geneva and an MSc in Development Economics from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. She has worked and lived in a number of countries, including Kenya, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Iran and is fluent in French, English, Italian and Farsi.
Ivan brings extensive experience with policy analysis, advocacy, outreach and project management which he practised in a think-tank, academia, government and at UNDP.
Upon completion of PhD studies with focus on regional trade policy of South Africa he worked for 4 years at a Prague based think-tank Glopolis where he headed Economic and development finance section. He was leading advocacy and research on numerous global development economics topics such Free trade agreements, financialization of world economy or resource scarcity. For more than 10 years he was also lecturing courses on economic globalization at the Charles University in Prague.
In 2014 he joined Czech Development Agency (CzechAid) where he set-up strategic and legal structure of the Business Partnership programme, grant matching scheme for companies with impact. He was also managing outreach, selection and award process. In 2016, he was seconded from the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs to UNDP Istanbul Regional Hub to manage Czech-UNDP Trust Fund. He was also actively participating in the work of New Partnerships Team.
Tolga Cebeci is the Impact Management Specialist at the Business Call to Action. He has policy and research experience on a wide range of economic issues for a total of 12 years.
At the World Bank, as a consultant, he conducted research on large scale databases and published technical papers for policy purposes on such topics as firm productivity, export competitiveness, entrepreneurship, gender and labor markets. He was also one of the founders and the programmer of the Bank’s Exporter Dynamics Database.
At the Ministry of Economy of Turkey, as a trade specialist, he executed safeguard investigations in several sectors based on WTO rules, implemented diplomacy to advance trade and investment relations of Turkey with Middle East countries and involved in activities to help Turkish contractors and technical consultancy companies expand their overseas presence.
He has an MPA in International Development (MPAID) from Harvard University, where he was a Vice President in the Organizing Committee of the “Harvard International Development Conference 2010”, a BS in Economics as well as a minor in Mathematics from Middle East Technical University in Ankara.
Rabayl Mirza is the Impact Management Specialist at the Business Call to Action. She has a strong track record of supporting organisations and companies manage and measure their impact. Prior to joining BCtA, Rabayl worked as a Senior Manager for the Measurement, Learning and Evaluation function at the Aman Foundation, $100 million social impact fund of the Abraaj Group.
At Aman, she put in place an impact framework and institutionalized evidence-based decision-making. She also led the Corporate Social Responsibility department for Pakistan International Container Terminal (PICT), a private shipping conglomerate. At PICT Rabayl set up Organization for Social Development Initiatives (OSDI) that invested in health, education and livelihoods in the rural areas of Pakistan. She has also worked as a consultant with Stimulus (Pvt) Ltd to provide technical support on program design and impact measurement, and as Monitoring and Evaluation lead for the Sindh Rural Support Programs, a Pakistani government initiative to improve livelihoods for women in the rural areas.
She has an MSc in Economic Development and Policy Analysis from the University of Nottingham (UK) and a Bachelors in Business Administration from the Institute of Business Administration in Pakistan.
Maria Alejandra Blanco-Iturbe serves as Private sector and Philantropy SDG National Advisor at UNDP Colombia, and acts as focal point for BCtA in Colombia. With over eight years of experience in international development and prior to joining BCtA, Maria Alejandra worked at UNDP as a Public-Private Partnership Advisor for the Colombian Presidential Agency of International Cooperation designing and implementing the Agency´s Public-Private Partnership Strategy contributing to the Government ́s development priorities and SDG ́s. Previously, worked at Plan International in Colombia as an International Cooperation Officer developing and overseeing Human Rights projects in the region and worked in the Ministry of Planning and Development in Venezuela advising bilateral and multilateral development and MDG programs. She holds a Master´s Degree in Applied Political Studies and a B.A in Government and Politics.
Aimee has been Business Call to Action's Communications Lead since February 2017. Prior to this she was a communications consultant for UNDP Syria, UNDP Yemen and Wasafiri Consulting. She has also worked as Oxfam's Regional Media and Communications Advisor for the Horn, East and Central Africa, and as a Communications Specialist with UNDP for over five years in Somalia, Cambodia and New York. Aimee has over 10 years' experience working in media and communications, including five years working on conflict countries including Somalia, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. She is an experienced journalist, with four years' experience reporting for major metropolitan daily newspapers and community newspapers in Sydney, Australia.
Sheila Casserly joins Business Call to Action as part of the Outreach and Risk Assessment Team. Sheila’s professional background in education and international relations has spanned from her native Minnesota to Berlin, Vienna and Istanbul. Sheila previously worked in the German Bundestag as a recipient of the International Parliamentary Scholarship and later moved to Istanbul, where she trained business professionals in corporate and cross-cultural communication skills at numerous Turkish and multinational companies. During her graduate studies in international management, Sheila served as representative of Koç University on the CEMS Global Student Board, where she led a team focused on responsible leadership and social responsibility in business education.Sheila holds a BA in Geography and International Relations from the University of Wisconsin - Madison and a CEMS MSc in International Management from Koç University in Istanbul and Vienna University of Business & Economics. She speaks English, German and Turkish.
The Business Call to Action is a unique multilateral alliance between key donor governments including the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation(SDC), UK Department for International Development (DFID), US Agency for International Development (USAID), and the United Nations Development Programme — which hosts the secretariat — in collaboration with leading global institutions.
Sida works according to directives of the Swedish Parliament and Government to reduce poverty in the world. The overall goal of Swedish development cooperation is to contribute to making it possible for poor people to improve their living conditions. Sida's head office is located at Valhallavägen in Stockholm, but staff are also stationed in the partner countries. We are organized in ten departments, Internal Audit and the Director-General's Office. Five departments work with implementing the development assistance and five with support, steering and control A large proportion of the contribution management is delegated to the foreign missions. Sida's Director-General is called Charlotte Petri Gornitzka. Bo Netz is Deputy Director-General. The total number of employees is 678 people (jan. 2014), of which approximately 140 persons work outside Sweden. Approximately 65 per cent of the employees are women.
DFID is the UK Government department that manages Britain’s aid to poor countries and works to get rid of extreme poverty.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the channel through which the Dutch Government coordinates and carries out Dutch foreign policies, labor, environment and anti-corruption.
Istanbul International Center for Private Sector in Development (IICPSD) supports the private sector and foundations to become transformative partners in development through research, advocacy for inclusive business, facilitation of public-private dialogue and brokering partnerships. IICPSD, established in 2011 in partnership with the Government of Turkey, is one of UNDP's six Global Policy Centres. | 2019-04-21T17:01:49Z | https://www.businesscalltoaction.org/business-call-action |
You searched for +publisher:"Stellenbosch University" +contributor:("Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies."). Showing records 1 – 30 of 189 total matches.
1. Hatutale, Sylvia. A study of the organizational complexity of the offering of basics mathematics at a Namibian tertiary institution.
Hatutale, Sylvia. “A study of the organizational complexity of the offering of basics mathematics at a Namibian tertiary institution.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103511.
Hatutale, Sylvia. “A study of the organizational complexity of the offering of basics mathematics at a Namibian tertiary institution.” 2018. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Hatutale S. A study of the organizational complexity of the offering of basics mathematics at a Namibian tertiary institution. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103511.
2. Maart, Ronel. Aligning the clinical assessment practices with the assessment practices.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Removable Prosthetic Dentistry (PRO400) is a fourth year module of the undergraduate dentistry programme which consists of a large clinical component. After reviewing relevant literature and conducting module evaluations, clinical tests were introduced and implemented in 2008 as an additional clinical assessment method. The intention of introducing the clinical tests was an attempt to ensure that students were assessed fairly, that their theoretical knowledge and the ability to apply it clinically were properly assessed, and to provide feedback on their clinical performance. The purpose of this concurrent mixed methods study was to compare the relationship between the students‟ performance in the clinical tests and daily clinical grades with their theoretical performance in the PRO400 module. The second part of the study explored the academic staff s‟ perceptions of the clinical test as clinical assessment tool in the PRO400 module. The case study design enabled the researcher to explore the question at hand in considerable depth. The mixed methods approach was useful to capture the best of both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. For the quantitative data-collection, record reviews of the results of fourth-year dental students‟ who completed the PRO400 module at the end of 2007 were used, and included 110 students. For the qualitative component three full-time lecturers within the Prosthetic department were interviewed. The clinical test marks and clinical session marks of all the students (n=109) in PRO400 were compared to their theory mark of that year. The tests marks were entered into a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel and the data analysis was done with the assistance of a statistician. The analytical abstraction method was used to assist with the qualitative data analysis; first the basic level of analysis was done in the narrative form, followed by second higher level of data analysis. The basic and higher levels of analysis were discussed under the following themes: clinical tests, student performances, alignment of theory and clinical assessment and personal influence on supervisors‟ assessment practices and attitude. Role-taking and the supervisors‟ perceptions and concerns regarding the students were explored as emergent themes. The quantitative findings were displayed using tables and graphs. Forty five students. clinical marks were 10% higher than their theory mark, while only 8 students. theory marks were 10% higher than their clinical test mark. There appeared to be hardly any relationship between the students. clinical daily grade assessment marks and their theory marks. The average theory mark was 47%, the average clinical test marks were 55% and the average daily clinical grade was 63%. Integration of the data obtained from the different data collection methods was done at the level of data interpretation. The clinical test as an assessment tool is well accepted by the supervisors and they agreed that it is more reliable and accurate than the clinical daily grade… Advisors/Committee Members: Bitzer, Eli, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Maart, Ronel. “Aligning the clinical assessment practices with the assessment practices.” 2011. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17888.
Maart, Ronel. “Aligning the clinical assessment practices with the assessment practices.” 2011. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Maart R. Aligning the clinical assessment practices with the assessment practices. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17888.
3. Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo. An evaluation of a professional development programme in environmental education.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is an interpretive formative evaluation of a Professional Development Programme in Environmental Education. The specific aim of the study was to evaluate the extent to which the programme has enabled professional development of teachers; the degree to which the processes of this specific Professional Development Programme (PDP) has enabled implementation and the nature and the amount of take- up of the PDP processes. The data for this research were generated through semi structured interviews, focus group discussions and observations of teachers‘ projects. Thematic analysis was used as a method of data analysis. Constructivist, formative evaluation informed the epistemology and ontological perspectives that guided data analysis and interpretation and discussions that were made in this research. Data indicate that professional development programmes involving various stakeholders need to be well controlled and co-ordinated. Communication and motivation need to be integrated into the PD programme by the leadership. The Professional Development Programme was done in isolation and lacked a deep epistemological and ontological grounding, showing minimal research in the process therefore, the communication and motivation need to be integrated into the PD programme by the leadership. Department of Education officials indicated that they were not involved in the planning stage and fulfilled more of a management and co-ordination role. They were not able to monitor the process because they were not informed or assisted to develop a monitoring tool and besides their workload prohibited them from doing so. Teachers reflected various dimensions of take-up from the programme but they were not able to realize the action project (except in two schools). Teachers expressed difficulties in implementing the programme because of full schedules and curriculum commitments in school programmes. This research has presented the sentiments of the respondents (participants) in this PDP and has come to the conclusion that this Professional Development Programme has potential and improving aspects of it (see chapter 6) will go a long way towards improving the sustainability of this programme, and improving the quality of teachers that are trained in this kind of programme and even beyond. The PDP has enabled professional development in many ways (See chapter 4 on take-up). However, monitoring and implementation came out clear as those aspects of professional development in the programme that require much attention if the programme is to improve and become more sustainable.
Advisors/Committee Members: Reddy, Chris, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo. “An evaluation of a professional development programme in environmental education.” 2011. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17918.
Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo. “An evaluation of a professional development programme in environmental education.” 2011. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Chiroma JA. An evaluation of a professional development programme in environmental education. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17918.
4. Rodrigues Losada, Ricardo J. Teachers' perceptions of spreadsheet algebra programs as curriculum materials for high school mathematics in Namibia.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in the form of spreadsheet algebra programmes (SAPs) is important in the professional development of high school mathematics teachers. This is in line with The Namibian government‟s Vision 2030 in which ICT skills and competencies are regarded as core elements of living and participating in the 21st century. ICTs are also considered to be fundamental to the development of a dynamic knowledge-based economy (KBE) through the Education and Training Sector Improvement Program (ETSIP). ETSIP‟s aim is to embed ICT at all levels of the education system. It also aims to integrate the use of ICTs as tools in the delivery of curriculum and learning and in so doing, lead to a marked improvement in the quality of the learning and teaching process across all levels. Education has a key role in achieving Vision 2030. The aim of this research was to investigate mathematics teachers‟ perceptions of SAPs as curriculum materials in selected Namibian secondary (high) schools. This research adopted a qualitative methodology, which in this instance was a case study. The sample population consisted of five teachers from Okamu (pseudonym) secondary school in the Ohangwena Region of Namibia. Four of them had been teaching mathematics at different levels in the mentioned school for a period of four years, and one of them was teaching physical science. Three methods of data collection were used. The first two were semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews based on teachers‟ experiences using SAPs. The third method was an audio taped observation of a lesson taught by one of the teachers,. This research provides evidence about teachers‟ perceptions regarding time concerns and constraints with regards to the SAPs and the use of the SAPs. The teachers showed willingness and enthusiasm to use SAPs on linear and quadratic functions in their teaching. Some of the teachers became more aware of the epistemic dimensions associated with mathematical and algebraic symbols. Interview data reveal that the teachers had not considered these dimensions when teaching with the usual paper-and-pen format. The research also provides evidence of a teacher‟s early vision about the use of spreadsheets as an instrument to teach linear functions. This teacher did not consider any epistemic value for the instrumented spreadsheets techniques, or that they might contribute to a deeper understanding of the linear functions. His concern was focused more on getting the learners to acquire computer skills, such as learning how to use spreadsheets. It is recommended that in-service professional development about ICT integration into mathematics teaching be offered. This might help teachers to learn how their knowledge and skills could be used in the classroom more effectively in order to save time. It is also suggested that professional development programmes be designed to stimulate and promote teachers‟ willingness to develop an understanding of the characteristics of ICTs such… Advisors/Committee Members: Gierdien, Faaiz, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Rodrigues Losada, Ricardo J. “Teachers' perceptions of spreadsheet algebra programs as curriculum materials for high school mathematics in Namibia.” 2012. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71846.
Rodrigues Losada, Ricardo J. “Teachers' perceptions of spreadsheet algebra programs as curriculum materials for high school mathematics in Namibia.” 2012. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Rodrigues Losada RJ. Teachers' perceptions of spreadsheet algebra programs as curriculum materials for high school mathematics in Namibia. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71846.
5. Klaasen, Danoven. ’n Poging om my klaskamerpraktyk in beroepsvoorligting by 'n landelike VOO-skool te verbeter : 'n aksienavorsingsbenadering.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this mini-thesis I share the action research that I undertook at the school where I teach. This research was an attempt to improve my practice in career guidance, a sub-division of Life Orientation. The need for a study of this nature was developed out of my experiences with matriculants who appear to be confused about their future careers they intent pursuing. It appeared that they lacked the capacity to do self-planning and did not really comprehend how to plan their future careers. In reflection on career guidance, in general, and my own teaching practice in particular, I came to the conclusion that there is a real problem in terms of the effectiveness of career guidance and that I, in my technicist attitude towards policies of the education department, perhaps unconsciously, became part of the maintenance of a fruitless practice. Although I dutifully carry out the curriculum according to the required education policies, there remain an uncertainty and a concern regarding the practicality surrounding career guidance and more so when it comes to disadvantaged students from rural areas. This compelled me to do some introspection about the way I was teaching and involving the learners in my career guidance classes. This introspection lead me to the realisation that the instrumentalist and technicist way of teaching (‘talk and chalk’ method of teaching) and my endeavour to finish my content and assessment tasks within a certain prescribed timeframe, were at odds with creative career guidance teaching. My classroom practice was trapped in the old methods, and I was caught up in the old traditional ways while teaching a 21st-century learner. In an effort to address the above-mentioned issues of concern, I address the following critical questions, namely: - How can career guidance be used as a tool to improve the life skills of learners from a poor rural school? - How can I improve my classroom practice? In Chapter one I explore my background and provide reasons why I got involved in this project. In my literature review, I suggest that the principles of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R–12 (2012) and the outcomes that the learners have to achieve have certain implications for classroom practice. This is in line with Cuseo’s (1996) view that basic education is guaranteed by not only giving form to the structure of the curriculum, but also to what happens between learners and teachers in the classroom. A detailed description of the two action research projects that were undertaken with Grade eleven learners at my school is given in Chapters four and five. In the final chapter of this thesis, I reflect on the research engaged in the classroom and I also reflect on the future of teachers as researchers. I believe that any attempt to improve the education and conditions of our rural and disadvantaged schools would go a long way in addressing the inequities prevalent in our society.
Advisors/Committee Members: Esau, Omar, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Klaasen, Danoven. “’n Poging om my klaskamerpraktyk in beroepsvoorligting by 'n landelike VOO-skool te verbeter : 'n aksienavorsingsbenadering.” 2013. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80011.
Klaasen, Danoven. “’n Poging om my klaskamerpraktyk in beroepsvoorligting by 'n landelike VOO-skool te verbeter : 'n aksienavorsingsbenadering.” 2013. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Klaasen D. ’n Poging om my klaskamerpraktyk in beroepsvoorligting by 'n landelike VOO-skool te verbeter : 'n aksienavorsingsbenadering. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80011.
6. Fair, Andrew George. An evaluation of a model of teacher professional development in a science and mathematics intervention programme for teachers and learners.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is in the midst of a mathematics and science education crisis that challenges all key role-players. The Institute for Mathematics and Science Teaching at the University of Stellenbosch (IMSTUS), was involved in several university-school partnership (systemic intervention) projects that sought to provide continuing professional development to mathematics and science teachers and to help them make a greater impact on the learners that they teach. One of these intervention projects was the Sciences and Mathematics Initiative for Learners and EducatorS (SMILES) that targeted mathematics and science teachers and learners in under-resourced schools in the Western Cape. The effects of an intervention aimed at supporting and enhancing teacher professional development will only be seen in the learners once teachers have accepted and mastered the pedagogies proposed. Professional development that does not “enthuse, support, train and renew, and encourage” will probably fail. When considering this, the question that must be asked is whether the SMILES project was in fact enthusing, supporting, training, renewing and encouraging. The purposes and aims of the SMILES project with specific reference to professional development of science teachers were to enhance teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and address the critical issues confronting science education of which three are: constructivist teaching, understanding the nature of science, and scientific argumentation. The characteristics of effective professional development, the core features of professional development and the theoretical constructs to evaluate professional development of teachers were used in this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the model used in the SMILES project. A concurrent version of the mixed method approach was adopted for the collection and analysis of the data. Although causality is always difficult to prove in a school setting because of the many variables that affect student performance, improved student achievement is the ultimate litmus test for teacher professional development effectiveness. Analysis of the National Senior Certificate results of the project schools compared with the National and Provincial results indicated that the project schools on the whole fared better than the National results. The project schools outperformed the national and provincial results for Life Sciences in 2011, 2012 and 2013 by at least four percentage points. The highest result achieved was 85,5% in 2011. In 2012 and 2013 these results were 82,7% and 83,0% respectively. In Physical Sciences the project schools started with results below that achieved nationally (34,7%) and then ended up with a pass percentage within half a percentage point of the provincial result (72,1%). The Mathematics results were not as positive. The project schools started by achieving a 63,4% pass rate and ended with a percentage pass rate of 63,3% having initially taking a dip down to 51,3%. At the end of the intervention the Mathematics results… Advisors/Committee Members: Ndlovu, Mdutshekelwa, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Fair, Andrew George. “An evaluation of a model of teacher professional development in a science and mathematics intervention programme for teachers and learners.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97135.
Fair, Andrew George. “An evaluation of a model of teacher professional development in a science and mathematics intervention programme for teachers and learners.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Fair AG. An evaluation of a model of teacher professional development in a science and mathematics intervention programme for teachers and learners. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97135.
7. Daniels, Deidrè Ann. Hoe beïnvloed die implementering van 'n interaktiewe skryfprogram die skryfgedrag en -strategieë van graad twee-leerders?.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die invloed van die implementering van `n intervensieprogram ten opsigte van interaktiewe skryf op die skryfgedrag en skryfstrategieë van graad twee-leerders ondersoek. Ek het spesifiek gekyk na interaktiewe skryf as benadering om leerders se skryfvermoë te verbeter. Volgens Wood (1994:117) is die doel van die onderrig van skryf in die Grondslagfase om leerders as skrywers te help ontwikkel met die vermoë om hul gedagtes en idees in skrif te artikuleer asook die vaardighede om dit op `n gepaste manier aan te bied deur gebruik te maak van leesbare skryfstyl, standaardspelling en punktuasie en korrekte sinskonstruksie. Volgens navorsing gedoen deur die Weskaapse Onderwysdepartement met graad drie-leerders in die Wes-Kaap is bewys dat net ses en dertig persent van die leerders wat die taal- en wiskunde-toetsing doen, slaag (WKOD: 2006). Met die analisering van die uitslae het ek bevind dat die graad twee-leerders van ons skool sukkel met skryf. Om hierdie probleem aan te spreek en vir hierdie studie het ek besluit om op interaktiewe skryf te fokus omdat ek van mening is dat dit verskil van tradisionele skryfonderrigmetodes. McCarrier, Pinell & Fountas (2000:4) definieer interaktiewe skryf as `n dinamiese, geïntegreerde aksie waar die leerder aktief besig is om die deur middel van letters, woorde, en frases `n teks te beplan en organiseer. Fountas & Pinnell (2006:440) beskryf interaktiewe skryf as `n benadering waar jonger leerders saam met die onderwyser `n teks skryf en ontwikkel. Die onderwyser dien as fasiliteerder terwyl die leerders die teks ontwerp, skryf en herlees. Die navorsingsgroep bestaan uit ses graad twee-leerders wat aan `n intervensieprogram oor interaktiewe skryf blootgestel is. Die intervensieprogram het bestaan uit `n pretoets, `n hulpverleningsprogram en `n posttoets. Die data-analise het getoon dat die gemiddelde persentasies van die leerders in die posttoets in vergelyking met die pretoets 20% hoër is. Die studie het dus aangetoon dat die skryfintervensie die ses leerders se skryfvaardigheid verbeter het.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nathanson, R., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Daniels, Deidrè Ann. “Hoe beïnvloed die implementering van 'n interaktiewe skryfprogram die skryfgedrag en -strategieë van graad twee-leerders?.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98046.
Daniels, Deidrè Ann. “Hoe beïnvloed die implementering van 'n interaktiewe skryfprogram die skryfgedrag en -strategieë van graad twee-leerders?.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Daniels DA. Hoe beïnvloed die implementering van 'n interaktiewe skryfprogram die skryfgedrag en -strategieë van graad twee-leerders?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98046.
8. Khoza, Lindiwe Mhakamuni. Variables associated with student learning resource preferences in the learning management system at a Faculty of Military Science.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The study was undertaken to determine variables associated with students’ learning resource preferences in the Learning Management System (LMS) of the Faculty of Military Science of Stellenbosch University. It aimed to explain why students either engage, disengage or not engage at all with institutional course content either on or off the existing LMS. The study was undertaken against the background of the challenges that the institution faces in taking informed decisions to improve its LMS to facilitate optimal engagement with its respective online courses. Few studies to date employed an integrated approach to understanding how lecturers teach online, firstly, and how students learn online, secondly. In order to gain a deeper understanding of why students either engage or not engage with course content both on and off the institutional LMS, the researcher has adopted an integrated approach to analysing data that reported on activities off the LMS as well as data automatically generated by the LMS. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and open ended questions of the questionnaire. Quantitative data were collected from logs on the LMS, closed questions of the questionnaire, and institutional class lists. Participants in this study were either first year distance education students, or second year residential and distance education students. They were either registered for a particular compulsory first-year module or a particular second-year module. All students were employees, mostly career soldiers of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Data were first analysed per data source. Both thematic content and critical discourse analysis were used in analysis of qualitative and quantitative data respectively. Findings were interpreted according to the conceptual framework for this study. The study highlighted important aspects in terms of online teaching and learning, key of which is the teaching strategy that the lecturer employed through learning resources which determined the level of engagement intended for students to achieve the expected level of understanding as stated in the learning outcomes. Another important finding highlighted is that students could identify a gap in their knowledge. Limited scaffolding conditions existed for students registered for the compulsory first-year module to achieve the stated learning outcomes. Conversely, adequate scaffolding conditions were created for students registered for the compulsory second-year module to attain the stated learning outcomes for the module. The findings revealed a complex combination of interrelated internal, external and contextual factors that should be considered in designing learning resources, because of the impact they have on students’ level of engagement with course content both in and off the LMS. The study revealed that the institution should capitalize on the best opportunities of both face-to-face and online learning to elicit the intended level of engagement with the LMS content in order to… Advisors/Committee Members: Gierdien, F., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies.
Khoza, Lindiwe Mhakamuni. “Variables associated with student learning resource preferences in the learning management system at a Faculty of Military Science.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100124.
Khoza, Lindiwe Mhakamuni. “Variables associated with student learning resource preferences in the learning management system at a Faculty of Military Science.” 2016. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Khoza LM. Variables associated with student learning resource preferences in the learning management system at a Faculty of Military Science. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100124.
9. Abdella, Ali Suleman. Lesson study as a support strategy for teacher development : a case study of middle school science teachers in Eritrea.
Contains one part in Tigrigna.
Advisors/Committee Members: Reddy, C. P. S., Carl, A. E., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Abdella, Ali Suleman. “Lesson study as a support strategy for teacher development : a case study of middle school science teachers in Eritrea.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97776.
Abdella, Ali Suleman. “Lesson study as a support strategy for teacher development : a case study of middle school science teachers in Eritrea.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Abdella AS. Lesson study as a support strategy for teacher development : a case study of middle school science teachers in Eritrea. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97776.
10. Van Zyl, Ann Elizabeth. Exploring the potential theory-practice gap in the teaching methods of nurse educators.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lack of theory-practice integration has a long-standing history in nursing education due to many factors and causes. It is continuously indicated in research studies that there is no easy or perfect solution. The causes for this theory-practice gap seem to be in the theoretical and/or clinical environment. In literature teaching methods are identified as one of the most important causes of the theory-practice gap. In view of the informal feedback received from nurse educators and nursing managers it was necessary to investigate the lack of theory-practice integration. The aim of the study was thus to explore in which respects current teaching methods utilised by nurse educators at a higher education institution comply or do not comply with teaching methods suggested in literature as essential for theory-practice integration. An exploratory descriptive research design was used to investigate the nature of the teaching methods utilised by nurse educators facilitating theoretical learning. Questionnaires were sent to nurse educators and student nurses registered for the Diploma in General Nursing Science programme. The questionnaire that mainly consisted of closed questions was used to collect and analyse the data. The data were generated at four learning sites of a higher education institution. The validity of the results was verified by an observer in the field for which a structured checklist was used. Results indicated that a wide spectrum of teaching methods were utilised by the nurse educators and that the student nurses had limited internet access at the learning centres. Eight (8) teaching methods, complying with teaching methods identified by literature as essential to enhance theorypractice integration, were used. However, it was evident that formal lectures were overused. It raises concerns as this method does not comply with teaching methods essential to enhance theory-practice integration. In fact, it limits the students’ ability to develop critical thinking and is seen as one of the possible causes of the theory-practice gap. Feedback relating to the teaching aids used showed that the data projector with PowerPoint slides, whiteboard and textbooks were the three teaching aids used most frequently. According to literature, the overuse of textbooks is generally viewed as the starting point of the theory-practice gap. The results of this study imply that an increased awareness and training of nurse educators regarding their teaching methods may increase their teaching and facilitation skills. It seems to be the nurse educator’s responsibility to ensure that teaching methods are used that are essential to enhance theory-practice integration and it is the responsibility of management at any higher educational institution to ensure that the necessary educational and information technology resources are available. It is recommended that further studies be conducted to determine whether nurse educators do indeed apply the teaching methods effectively to narrow… Advisors/Committee Members: Bitzer, E. M., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Van Zyl, Ann Elizabeth. “Exploring the potential theory-practice gap in the teaching methods of nurse educators.” 2014. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86609.
Van Zyl, Ann Elizabeth. “Exploring the potential theory-practice gap in the teaching methods of nurse educators.” 2014. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Van Zyl AE. Exploring the potential theory-practice gap in the teaching methods of nurse educators. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86609.
11. Newman, Linda Rozetta. Opvoeders se perspektiewe rakende die gebruik van die leesperiode en skoolbiblioteke in geselekteerde skole in die Noord-Kaap.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reading is an important skill for the 21st century and are one of the cornerstones of learning. Research shows an escalating concern about the reading ability of South African learners. In an attempt to improve the literacy levels of learners, the Northern Cape Department of Education, issued a circular to schools instructing them to implement a daily reading period of 30 minutes. It is required of schools to indicate the reading period on the timetable and reading must be formally instructed. The purpose of the study was to determine the perspectives of teachers regarding the use of the reading period and school libraries. It is hypothesized that teachers do not provide enough exposure to learners regarding reading. Secondly It is hypothesized that teachers do not a create a reading culture or foster a positive attitude towards reading, because they ignore the reading period and do not use the library as a resource. A mixed method approach was followed, where both quantitative and qualitative research designs was used. The study consisted of a literature review and an empirical study. The empirical study was conducted at two high schools in the Namaqua District. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire which was completed by 16 Grade 8 and 9 teachers. Focus group interviews were also conducted with the participating teachers. An analysis of the empirical data showed the following : - According to the results the majority of the teachers are aware of the reading period. - The teachers indicated that the reading period is not implemented at both of the schools. - The teachers did not receive any guidance or support from the Northern Cape Education Department to assist learners with reading problems. - The data showed that both schools do have a school library. - From the responses of the teachers it seems that the library resources are old and insufficient. - The data indicated that the teachers do not use the school library as a resource to promote teaching and learning. - The learners are not exposed to the library to assist them with curriculum assignments. The research confirmed the research hypothesis that the reading period is not implemented and that the school library is not used by the teachers to promote the literacy levels and academic performance of the learners.
Advisors/Committee Members: Le Cordeur, M. L. A., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies.
Newman, Linda Rozetta. “Opvoeders se perspektiewe rakende die gebruik van die leesperiode en skoolbiblioteke in geselekteerde skole in die Noord-Kaap.” 2014. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86614.
Newman, Linda Rozetta. “Opvoeders se perspektiewe rakende die gebruik van die leesperiode en skoolbiblioteke in geselekteerde skole in die Noord-Kaap.” 2014. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Newman LR. Opvoeders se perspektiewe rakende die gebruik van die leesperiode en skoolbiblioteke in geselekteerde skole in die Noord-Kaap. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86614.
12. Damon, Nolan Brandon. On the feasibility of Moodle use to assist deaf and hard of hearing Grade 9 learners with mathematics problem-solving.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis sets out to examine Moodle use to assist Deaf and Hard of Hearing Grade 9 learners with understanding mathematics problem-solving. The methodology used in this research project is that of formative evaluation. In this qualitative data analysis I worked as a participant-observer with three Deaf and H/H Grade 9 learners from a local school for the Deaf and H/H. These learners engaged in a course constructed in Moodle based on ratio and rate. The course was designed along the lines of a constructivist pedagogical model, different levels of learning as well as including multi representational features. Through the qualitative analysis of the interviews conducted with learners who participated in the research project and observation done by the teacher researcher, three categories emerged i.e. Weaknesses, Potential strengths and Learner suggestions. Although the findings indicate that different factors negatively impact Deaf and H/H learners’ ability to solve mathematics problems, it also highlights the representational features of mathematics content via Moodle, and how it can assist Deaf and H/H learners with the struggle with mathematics problem-solving.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek is om te evaluereer of Moodle gebruik deur Dowe en Hardhorende graad 9 leerders hulle kan help met moeilikhede wat hulle ondervind met wiskunde probleem oplossing. Die navorsing is ‘n formatiewe evaluering. Binne hierdie kwalitatiewe data ontleding werk ek as ‘n deelnemer-navorser met 3 Dowe en Hardhorende graad 9 leerders by ‘n plaaslike skool vir Doof en Hardhorende leerders. Hierdie leerders het deelgeneem in leeraktiwiteite wat ontwerp is in Moodle en wat gebasseer is op verhouding en koers. Die leeraktiwiteite is ontwerp inlyn met ‘n konstruktivistiese pedagogiese model, verskillende vlakke van leer en multi voorstellings formate. Drie kategorieë o.a Tekortkominge, Moontlike Sterkpunte en Leerder voorstelle, het onstaan tydens die kwalitatiewe data ontleding waar onderhoude met die deelnemers gevoer asook observasie wat gedoen is deur die deelnemer-navorser. Alhoewel die bevindinge daarop dui dat verskillende faktore negatief inwerk op Dowe en Hardhorende leerders se vermoë om wiskunde problem op te los, wys dit ook uit die vermoë van Moodle om wiskunde probleme voor te stel en hoe hierdie voorstellings Dowe en Hardhorende leerders kan help met wiskunde probleem oplossing.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gierdien, Faaiz, Collair, Lynette, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Damon, Nolan Brandon. “On the feasibility of Moodle use to assist deaf and hard of hearing Grade 9 learners with mathematics problem-solving.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96768.
Damon, Nolan Brandon. “On the feasibility of Moodle use to assist deaf and hard of hearing Grade 9 learners with mathematics problem-solving.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Damon NB. On the feasibility of Moodle use to assist deaf and hard of hearing Grade 9 learners with mathematics problem-solving. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96768.
13. Anyanwu, Raymond Ndubisi. An assessment of climate change science literacy and climate change pedagogical literacy of geography teachers in the Western Cape.
Advisors/Committee Members: Beets, Peter, Le Grange, Lesley, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Anyanwu, Raymond Ndubisi. “An assessment of climate change science literacy and climate change pedagogical literacy of geography teachers in the Western Cape.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96831.
Anyanwu, Raymond Ndubisi. “An assessment of climate change science literacy and climate change pedagogical literacy of geography teachers in the Western Cape.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Anyanwu RN. An assessment of climate change science literacy and climate change pedagogical literacy of geography teachers in the Western Cape. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96831.
14. Booysen, Barry. Toward a cooperative learning process in building social cohesion in a Grade 10 Geography classroom : an action research approach.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This mini-thesis documents two action research projects which I conducted as a teacher researcher in my Grade 10 Geography classroom. The research was an attempt to improve my teaching as a Geography teacher and to enhance social cohesion in my classroom. This mini-thesis investigated the following research questions: How can cooperative learning be used in a Geography classroom to build and improve social cohesion amongst students? And how can I improve my own teaching practice? The focus of the study was on cooperative learning as a teaching strategy, while action research was the research methodology. Two action research projects were completed and reflected upon within the action research framework. This mini-thesis, which include two action research projects, is based, underpinned and influenced by the critical theorists such as Darder (2007), Dewey (1938) Freire(1972), Habermas (1972), Giroux (1988), McNiff (2002, 2006, 2010) and Waghid 2011). In reflecting on my practice, I realise that there is a problem in terms of helping students to foster an promote positive social relationships and working together in the classroom. In this mini thesis I contend that cooperative learning holds the potential to improve social cohesion and social relationships amongst students. Cooperative learning emphasises cooperation as integral to students’ success and because of this cooperative learning has been found successful in fostering positive intergroup attitudes in classrooms. South-African teachers in recent years have been compelled to embrace a more learner-centred approach as opposed to a teacher-centred approach. I believe cooperative learning could be instrumental in enhancing learner performance and promoting positive social relationships amongst classmates. I consider my teaching practice to have certain defects and through action research I can investigate and reflect on this with a view of improving my practice. Self-reflection and introspection led me to critically examine my classroom practice. In this research I also tried to encourage students to interact with one another in a positive way. This study uses cooperative learning as a teaching strategy to enhance working together between students in a classroom and enhance social cohesion. At the time of this study the Department of Basic Education introduced Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) as the official curriculum of South Africa. CAPS consequently has an influence on my teaching practice. We adhere to departmental policies and try to comply with curriculum delivery often to the detriment of the needs that learners might experience in the school, such as nation building and maintaining relationships that contribute to the total development of the learner. What further motivated me to address my classroom practice was that my teaching style was still very similar to the way my previous teachers taught me. I was still caught up in the traditional mode of teaching and learning where the “teacher… Advisors/Committee Members: Esau, Omar, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Booysen, Barry. “Toward a cooperative learning process in building social cohesion in a Grade 10 Geography classroom : an action research approach.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96859.
Booysen, Barry. “Toward a cooperative learning process in building social cohesion in a Grade 10 Geography classroom : an action research approach.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Booysen B. Toward a cooperative learning process in building social cohesion in a Grade 10 Geography classroom : an action research approach. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96859.
15. Meyer, Lelanie. Die persepsies van onderwysers rakende hul eie bevoegdheid ten opsigte van die onderrig van skeppende kunste in die intermediere fase (Graad 4-6).
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the perception of Creative Arts educators in the Intermediate Phase with regard to their own competency levels to teach Creative Arts effectively. Creative Arts consists of four art forms, namely Dance, Music, Drama and Visual Arts. The ideal is that all Creative Art educators are competent enough to teach the different art forms effectively. To answer the research question in order to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher made use of a qualitative research design from within an interpretive research paradigm. A case study strategy has also been applied by the researcher in order to obtain data pertaining to the specific aspect of the study, namely Creative Arts educators. Various sources were used to generate the data, namely semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. Various precautionary measures were taken to ensure the validity and reliability of the data. During the course of the investigation, ethical issues were in question. However, the researcher followed the necessary guidelines to ensure that all endeavours were ethically acceptable. In the literature study the curriculum review process as well as the inclusion of Arts and Culture and Creative Arts in the curriculum is analysed. The training of Creative Arts educators and the challenges that this subject poses to schools and other mainstream educators are also considered. It was established that mainstream educators are often unable to teach this subject with the required confidence, knowledge and skills. Taking the results of this study into account, it appears that Creative Arts educators are not trained sufficiently in the four art forms, which influences the way in which the subject is taught. Educators who have received training in only one of the art forms tend to emphasise that particular art form only. The results of the study clearly indicate that the educators will only be able to do justice to Creative Arts as a subject if they are trained sufficiently to teach it with the necessary confidence and skill.
Advisors/Committee Members: Carl, A. E., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Meyer, Lelanie. “Die persepsies van onderwysers rakende hul eie bevoegdheid ten opsigte van die onderrig van skeppende kunste in die intermediere fase (Graad 4-6).” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96894.
Meyer, Lelanie. “Die persepsies van onderwysers rakende hul eie bevoegdheid ten opsigte van die onderrig van skeppende kunste in die intermediere fase (Graad 4-6).” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Meyer L. Die persepsies van onderwysers rakende hul eie bevoegdheid ten opsigte van die onderrig van skeppende kunste in die intermediere fase (Graad 4-6). [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96894.
16. Mkhabela, Lamson Zondiwe. The role of leadership learning in the developmental needs of the senior managers in a rural municipality : a case study in adult education at Bushbuckridge local municipality.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Municipalities are entrusted with the responsibility of providing sustainable social services to local communities. Issues of capacity to facilitate the delivery of such services feature prominently in these municipalities where a number of communities have expressed their frustration and even anger at the slow pace of delivery of services, or the absence of such service delivery. The reported failure by senior municipal managers to facilitate the delivery of the needed services to communities motivated this investigation. In particular, the possible contribution of leadership learning in the developmental needs of senior managers in the Bushbuckridge Local Municipality was focused upon. The main knowledge claim in this study is that the proven lack of competencies and skills of senior municipal managers have much to do with the weak delivery of acceptable services to communities. Consequently, the study indicated the need to identify the developmental needs of senior municipal managers from a leadership learning perspective and to implement developmental interventions to possibly address such needs. The study was conducted in four phases. First, a number of pre-planning leadership learning questions were formulated, which were determined through document analyses and developing theoretical perspectives from review of relevant literature. Next, a needs assessment among senior managers was conducted. This phase was followed by the implementation of a planned intervention based on leadership learning principles. Finally, the potential success of the intervention was evaluated. The study revealed that although the municipality of Bushbuckridge has an acceptable policy framework that supports leadership learning, the leadership competencies and skills required for senior managers to facilitate delivery of municipal services to communities were lacking. The leadership intervention in this study had limited success due to systemic instabilities within the particular municipal system. The study showed that systemic stability appears to be essential for productive leadership development. It also showed that financial investment in leadership development or developmental interventions may contribute less to enhancing the performance of senior managers if a municipality lacks systemic stability. Given the reported large-scale systemic instability within local municipalities countrywide in South Africa, the results of this study indicate that capacity development initiatives are destined for failure if systemic issues are not addressed first.
Advisors/Committee Members: Frick, Beatrice Liezel, Bitzer, Elias Mattys, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies.
Mkhabela, Lamson Zondiwe. “The role of leadership learning in the developmental needs of the senior managers in a rural municipality : a case study in adult education at Bushbuckridge local municipality.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96901.
Mkhabela, Lamson Zondiwe. “The role of leadership learning in the developmental needs of the senior managers in a rural municipality : a case study in adult education at Bushbuckridge local municipality.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Mkhabela LZ. The role of leadership learning in the developmental needs of the senior managers in a rural municipality : a case study in adult education at Bushbuckridge local municipality. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96901.
17. Theron, Erika. Student engagement as a way of enhancing student success at a private higher education institution.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Relevant literature in higher education indicates that the higher education scene is changing fast and that higher education providers and their educators are at the centre of such change. The changing student body is of particular interest to higher education providers as the changing needs of students result in new inquiries into how current students learn and perform. Student engagement is widely suggested as a means of addressing the changing nature of the current generation of students and enhancing student success. Student engagement may be defined as the time and effort students devote to activities that are empirically linked to the desired higher education outcomes. Student success is no longer considered merely as cognitive competence as there is a greater understanding today of what makes up the entire student and his or her learning needs. This study was aimed at determining to what extent student engagement is being promoted at a private higher education institution in the Western Cape, South Africa. A mixed method research design was applied. Self-constructed questionnaires were distributed to staff members and students at the institution and semi-structured interviews with individual staff members and focus group interviews with students were also conducted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were generated and appropriately analysed. From the findings of this study a number of issues emerged. Firstly, it was revealed that the institution as a private provider in the field of culinary arts and hospitality and its educators recognise the changing nature of their students. Secondly, staff seem committed to the concept of student engagement and related practices to foster student success. Thirdly, students acknowledge engagement in their own learning as a favourable feature, but indicate further engagement opportunities to be created by their lecturing staff and the institution. A number of implications also emerged from the study. It is evident that lecturers at The Private Hotel School may aim to gain a better understanding of the current generation of students and they may also focus on determining more ways to facilitate engagement. Furthermore, it is evident that students at this institution may be made more aware of their role in engaging in their own learning.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bitzer, E. M., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Theron, Erika. “Student engagement as a way of enhancing student success at a private higher education institution.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96968.
Theron, Erika. “Student engagement as a way of enhancing student success at a private higher education institution.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Theron E. Student engagement as a way of enhancing student success at a private higher education institution. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96968.
18. Ekron, Christelle. Learning to teach : communication skills in teacher education.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the development of the classroom communication behaviours of Foundation Phase student teachers over the course of a B Ed degree programme at a South African university. It challenges the premise of conventional wisdom that classroom communication behaviours will develop through regular exposure to situated learning experiences. Whilst acknowledging that learning to teach is a long and challenging process of which the precise nature is seldom clear-cut and distinct, this study claims to make a humble contribution to teacher education curriculum development. Classroom communication from the perspective of this study involves communication at two levels: firstly, interpersonal communication behaviours, which are influenced by nonverbal immediacy, communication apprehension, willingness to communicate and self-perceived communication skills; and secondly, instructional communication behaviours, more specifically clarity and immediacy behaviours. There seems to be a general perception that effective classroom communication will develop naturally by exposure to situated learning experiences, such as teaching practice sessions. Although the relative importance of these specific classroom communication behaviours for quality teaching and learning is acknowledged, whether and how these develop is seldom explicitly monitored. This was the intention of this study. It utilised a longitudinal mixed methods approach to follow Foundation Phase students over the four years of the degree programme in order to answer the following research question: To what extent do perceptions related to the classroom communication behaviours of Foundation Phase student teachers change over the course of a B Ed degree programme? The quantitative phase collected data using various self-report surveys in order to investigate possible changes in the self-perceptions of Foundation Phase student teachers regarding their communication behaviours over the four-year period. The purpose of the qualitative phase was to investigate possible changes in the perceptions of external evaluators regarding the instructional communication behaviours of student teachers over the degree programme. The qualitative data was obtained from the evaluation reports written by external evaluators on various aspects of the observed lessons. Although some changes occurred during the course of the B Ed degree programme, they were not as substantial as anticipated. From an interpersonal communication perspective, there was one particularly noticeable change: the self-perceived communication competence of the Foundation Phase student teachers improved between the first and second years of the programme, however, thereafter no further changes occurred. From an instructional communication perspective, more noticeable changes occurred: Foundation Phase student teachers improved in some aspects related to clarity, however other aspects still remained challenging. However, there was positive development related to immediacy: the fourth year… Advisors/Committee Members: Van der Walt, C., Evans, R., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Ekron, Christelle. “Learning to teach : communication skills in teacher education.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96988.
Ekron, Christelle. “Learning to teach : communication skills in teacher education.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Ekron C. Learning to teach : communication skills in teacher education. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96988.
19. Awases, Cherly Lydia. Secondary school Geography teachers' understanding and implementation learner-centred eof ducation and enquiry-based teaching in Namibia.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the understanding of and experiences in the implementation of learner-centred education (LCE) and enquiry-based teaching of Grade 10 Geography teachers against the backdrop of curriculum reform in Namibia. The Namibian curriculum is premised on the view that there is a need for the holistic development and preparation of learners for a knowledge-based society. Globally, LCE, with its potential for broadening access to quality education, has been a recurring theme of national reform policies and has been promoted as an innovative way of teaching. The usefulness of the LCE approach and associated enquiry-based teaching is embedded in constructivism and is introduced with the promise that it will enable learners to develop investigative and critical thinking skills that will put them at the centre of learning. This interpretative study employed a case study approach that utilised qualitative methods to gather information on the experiences of the three Geography teachers at the sampled schools as they implement LCE and enquiry-based teaching. The main data-gathering techniques in phases 1 and 2 of the research respectively were semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. The findings revealed that the teachers have different understandings of what LCE and enquiry-based teaching approaches are, although their teaching employs some elements of it. The research also indicated that there is one big factor that impinges on their implementation of LCE and enquiry-based teaching approaches. The teachers admitted that, due to the pressure of learner success in the end-of-year Grade 10 examination, they rather teach to the test. This diverts their teaching from focusing on implementing approaches that actively involve learners in the learning process and nurture enquiry skills when these skills are not formally assessed in examinations. Consequently, teachers fail to implement the syllabus as intended by policy makers and curriculum developers. Even though the findings of this study may be specific to the sampled schools and the participating teachers, it can be assumed that similar situations exist in schools with comparable contexts. It is therefore important that education policy makers and relevant stakeholders strive to allocate sufficient support and resources for teachers to implement LCE and enquiry-based teaching effectively in schools.
Advisors/Committee Members: Beets, Peter, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Awases, Cherly Lydia. “Secondary school Geography teachers' understanding and implementation learner-centred eof ducation and enquiry-based teaching in Namibia.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97002.
Awases, Cherly Lydia. “Secondary school Geography teachers' understanding and implementation learner-centred eof ducation and enquiry-based teaching in Namibia.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Awases CL. Secondary school Geography teachers' understanding and implementation learner-centred eof ducation and enquiry-based teaching in Namibia. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97002.
20. Vandenbergh, Stefanie Josepha Emilie. Towards explaining doctoral success at Stellenbosch University.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Limited research in South Africa has been conducted on factors contributing to doctoral success, particularly on how doctoral candidates and graduates experience their studies and the transformation of candidates that can be associated with doctoral studies. This lack of information pertains to the successful completion of a doctoral study within a minimum period of time. It is difficult to predict who will eventually successfully complete their doctoral studies if the prediction is merely based on the results of previous qualifications. Such previous achievements are often insufficient and inadequate to ensure the successful completion of a doctoral study. Knowledge institutions such as universities seem not to pay adequate attention to the transformation of the person of the doctoral candidate and his or her becoming an independent researcher. Often, a narrow concept of the intellect of doctoral candidates is over-emphasised. Knowing, although limited, is transformative as it can often change who candidates are (or become) as graduates. Such transformation and the idea of a doctoral identity has rarely been the focus in doctoral education, as epistemological gain is regarded as being more important. The aim of this study was to establish a basic understanding of doctoral success at Stellenbosch University, mainly directed at exploring the challenges faced by doctoral candidates and thereby possibly contributing to the future support of doctoral candidates at the institution. By using an interpretive reseach paradigm and narrative analysis, a number of characteristics were identified as being useful by contributing to a clearer theoretical and conceptual understanding of doctoral success at Stellenbosch University. In the study a number of factors that facilitated doctoral success were also identified, and factors contributing to such success as indicated by participants themselves were defined. A conceptual framework of understanding that may underscore and justify strategies and actions promoting doctoral success are suggested in the study.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bitzer, E. M., Frick, B. L., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies.
Vandenbergh, Stefanie Josepha Emilie. “Towards explaining doctoral success at Stellenbosch University.” 2013. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85561.
Vandenbergh, Stefanie Josepha Emilie. “Towards explaining doctoral success at Stellenbosch University.” 2013. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Vandenbergh SJE. Towards explaining doctoral success at Stellenbosch University. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85561.
21. Jordaan, Phoebe-Marie. Finding creativity : integrating drama teaching techniques in creative writing lessons.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Creative writing forms an essential part of the English language learning area in any curriculum. The expression of knowledge and ideas through writing is an integral part of the communication process; however, some learners struggle to express their thoughts and ideas in creative writing tasks. As such, this thesis strives to discover how creativity can be stimulated in order to assist learners in their written expression. Drama techniques, stimulation activities and other multi-literacy resources have been employed to try and understand the discovering and ‘finding creativity’ process through creative writing, journaling and performance in the drama classroom. The research utilises the action research methodology, employing participant observations, semi-structured interviews and reflective classroom discussions. It also uses the creative writing journals of the learners in an attempt to investigate how drama techniques can stimulate creativity for the creative writing process. The units of analysis in this case study are 13 grade 9 learners at a private school in the Western Cape, South Africa. The analysis of the data collected reveals that by utilising drama techniques, along with other stimuli and resources, in the classroom the process of creative writing become less troublesome and more enjoyable for both learners and teacher-researcher alike. Another finding is that the open, free and flexible atmosphere, which is created in the classroom assists learners not only with the development of their written expression, but also with verbal expression. The learners learn how to express their creative thoughts and ideas, about the world they live in, in a respectful, sensitive and empathetic manner. The creative writing programs have proved to be more than just tools to improve writing competence, but also have equipped learners with the tools to become creative, thinking citizens.
Advisors/Committee Members: Van der Walt, Christa, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Jordaan, Phoebe-Marie. “Finding creativity : integrating drama teaching techniques in creative writing lessons.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97125.
Jordaan, Phoebe-Marie. “Finding creativity : integrating drama teaching techniques in creative writing lessons.” 2015. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Jordaan P. Finding creativity : integrating drama teaching techniques in creative writing lessons. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97125.
22. Ntsohi, Mamosa M. E. Investigating teaching and learning of Grade 9 Algebra through excel spreadsheets : a mixed-methods case study for Lesotho.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The teaching and learning of algebra in the middle school grades in Lesotho is dominated by the mechanistic approach where learners are drilled on procedures for solving certain types of problems in algebra, without making any connection to the experience learners had with arithmetic. This is one of the sources of learners’ difficulties in mathematics. Research indicates that use of spreadsheets such as Excel has a potential of bridging the gap between arithmetic and algebra and thus enhancing the teaching and learning of algebra, making it meaningful to the learners. The study sought to answer the question: How do Grade 9 learners in Lesotho experience teaching and learning of algebra through Excel spreadsheets? The research commenced with a literature review that was followed by the empirical study. The theories of instrumental genesis and instrumental orchestration were identified as the framework for the investigation. Instrumental genesis is the process in which learners develop facility with the artifact as they use it towards achieving lesson objectives; technical (conceptual, mechanical) and personal (attitudes, behavior and preferred learning styles) aspects of learners’ experiences were identified. Instrumental orchestration is the steering of learners’ instrumental genesis by the teacher and the manner in which this process is carried out, depends on the teacher’s Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK). The research was a multi-case study following a mixed-methods approach, where both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The empirical study was conducted in two schools in Lesotho. In each school, fifteen learners volunteered participation. The investigation was done through classroom teaching by me as the researcher. The focus was on what challenges learners encountered and how they benefited from their “spreadsheets algebra” learning experience. Data were collected through classroom observations where field notes were recorded and an observation schedule was used by the researcher and the Assistant Observer respectively. A questionnaire was also administered to all learner participants after the whole teaching period. Six learners, representative of high, medium and low performances in class, were also interviewed with a goal of finding out their experiences. The Assistant Observer was also interviewed to reduce the bias that may result from to the researcher studying her own practice The study found that learners experiences with learning algebra through spreadsheets, comprised of both challenges and benefits. The challenges encountered by learners could be classified into those that were school-based and those that were instruction-based. The school-based challenges related to inadequate physical structures and lack of well-functioning equipment in the computer laboratories. Instruction-based challenges encountered by learners were both technical and personal. Technical challenges related to the physical manipulation of the artifact and the lack of… Advisors/Committee Members: Gierdien, F. M., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Ntsohi, Mamosa M E. “Investigating teaching and learning of Grade 9 Algebra through excel spreadsheets : a mixed-methods case study for Lesotho.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85657.
Ntsohi, Mamosa M E. “Investigating teaching and learning of Grade 9 Algebra through excel spreadsheets : a mixed-methods case study for Lesotho.” 2013. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Ntsohi MME. Investigating teaching and learning of Grade 9 Algebra through excel spreadsheets : a mixed-methods case study for Lesotho. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85657.
23. Mapira, Jemitias. Zimbabwes environmental education programme and its implications for sustainable development.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The environmental education (EE)-sustainable development (SD) nexus has generated much research and debate at local, national and global levels (Fien, 1993). Although the term EE is quite old, dating back to 1948 in Paris (Palmer, 1998), during the last three decades, it has regained global currency due to numerous environmental challenges that are confronting our planet Earth, including: climate change, land degradation, desertification, and de-forestation, pollution and ozone depletion. The Rio Earth Summit of 1992 generated a new zeal in the provision of EE throughout the world. Since then, many countries have adopted it as a remedial strategy to address these environmental challenges. In Zimbabwe, EE dates back to 1954 during the colonial era when it was provided in the form of conservation education among farmers and in schools and colleges (Chikunda, 2007). The Natural Resources Board (NRB), a department in the Ministry of Lands and Agriculture (which was established in 1941) played a key role in both research and the dissemination of EE (Whitlow, 1988). However, throughout the colonial era and up to the end of the millennium, the country did not have a written EE policy document. Consequently, various government departments and organisations, which provided EE, did so individually. However, this fragmented approach proved to be ineffective and had to be abandoned through the promulgation of the Environmental Management Act (Chapter 20:27) of 2002. This development led to the establishment of an environmental management agency (EMA), which harmonised the provision of EE at local and national levels. This study based on information that was collected between 2011 and 2014, examines Zimbabwe‟s EE programme and its implications for sustainable development. It employed a mixed methods research design which enabled the researcher to employ both qualitative and quantitative approaches in data collection, interpretation and analysis. Derived from the pragmatic school of thought, this research design allows researchers to triangulate with different methods without provoking epistemological conflicts from other schools of thought. The study shows that nearly 84% of the EE in the country is provided by the formal education sector (which includes schools, colleges and universities) while the remaining 16% is derived from non-formal and informal education sources such as: EMA, some government ministries and departments, and several non-governmental organisations (NGOs). However, the bulk of the EE provided in Zimbabwe is biophysical in nature and is geared at transmitting facts about rather than for the environment (Fien, 1993; Chikunda, 2007 and Mapira, 2012a). Consequently, it does not instil a sense of environmental stewardship among ordinary citizens as reflected by increasing cases of environmental crimes including: land degradation, veldt fire outbreaks, deforestation, and the poaching of elephants, rhinos, and other wildlife resources. Furthermore, most people lack a deep knowledge of basic… Advisors/Committee Members: Le Grange, Lesley, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Mapira, Jemitias. “Zimbabwes environmental education programme and its implications for sustainable development.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95968.
Mapira, Jemitias. “Zimbabwes environmental education programme and its implications for sustainable development.” 2014. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Mapira J. Zimbabwes environmental education programme and its implications for sustainable development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95968.
24. Knott, Axanthe. The process of mathematisation in mathematical modelling of number patterns in secondary school mathematics.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research has confirmed the educational value of mathematical modelling for learners of all abilities. The development of modelling competencies is essential in the modelling approach. Little research has been done to identify and develop the mathematising modelling competency for specific sections of the mathematics curriculum. The study investigates the development of mathematising competencies during the modelling of number pattern problems. The RME theory has been selected as the theoretical framework for the study because of its focus on mathematisation. Mathematising competencies are identified from current literature and developed into models for horizontal and vertical (complete) mathematisation. The complete mathematising competencies were developed for number patterns and mapped on a continuum. They are internalising, interpreting, structuring, symbolising, adjusting, organising and generalising. The study investigates the formulation of a hypothetical trajectory for algebra and its associated local instruction theory to describe how effectively learning occurs when the mathematising competencies are applied in the learning process. Guided reinvention, didactical phenomenology and emergent modelling are the three RME design heuristics to form an instructional theory and were integrated throughout the study to comply with the design-based research’s outcome: to develop a learning trajectory and the means to support the learning thereof. The results support research findings, that modelling competencies develop when learners partake in mathematical modelling and that a heterogeneous group of learners develop complete mathematising competencies through the learning of the modelling process. Recommendations for additional studies include investigations to measure the influence of mathematical modelling on individualised learning in secondary school mathematics.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wessels, Dirk C. J., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Knott, Axanthe. “The process of mathematisation in mathematical modelling of number patterns in secondary school mathematics.” 2014. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96027.
Knott, Axanthe. “The process of mathematisation in mathematical modelling of number patterns in secondary school mathematics.” 2014. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Knott A. The process of mathematisation in mathematical modelling of number patterns in secondary school mathematics. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96027.
25. Truman, Kiru. Perceptions of small business managers on the effects of voucher-training programmes offered by the Wholesale and Retail Sector Education and Training Authority.
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to Van Scheers (2010, p. 1) small businesses constitute 55% of the employment rate in South Africa. The argument that in the future new jobs are more likely to come from a large number of small businesses than from a small number of large businesses (Martin, 2001, p. 189) has challenged the South African government to support the empowerment of small business. The Wholesale and Retail Sector Education and Training Authority (W&R SETA) was formed as part of the governmental plan to ensure quality-learning provision within the wholesale and retail sector. The training of employees within small businesses in the wholesale and retail sector is not adequate (Mokgata, 2009, p. 4), despite the various methods of training funded by the W&R SETA. The small business unit at the W&R SETA introduced the Voucher-training System. Small levy paying businesses in this sector receive a voucher or vouchers that can be used to access free training opportunities for staff. Providers accredited with the W&R SETA are allowed to offer training programmes that suit the education and training needs of the sector. Companies pay the provider with the free vouchers they are allocated by the SETA. The scope of the Small Business Voucher-training System is to offer short courses that provide skills with immediate effect on the small businesses. The focus of this study grew out of the need to know if the voucher-training programmes meet the needs of small businesses in the wholesale and retail sector. In order to determine whether the voucher-training programmes meet the needs of the small business sector, the small business managers’ perceptions of the voucher-training programme are essential in order to develop insights into the possible improvements and sustainability of the programme. A descriptive research study from an interpretivist perspective is used to understand the perceptions of the small business managers of the voucher programmes. A case study design was used and forms the basis of this study. Interviews were used to elicit qualitative data that provide insights into small business managers’ perceptions of the voucher-training programme. A descriptive research study from an interpretivist perspective is used to understand the perceptions of the small business managers of the voucher programmes. A case study design was used and forms the basis of this study. Interviews were used to elicit qualitative data that provide insights into small business managers’ perceptions of the voucher-training programme. The reasons small business managers gave explaining why they selected specific programmes for employees indicate the influence the training had on employees and their future progression and development within their company. It showed how the company itself benefited from the employees involvement in these programmes and lists the most appropriate programme for these small businesses in the wholesale and retail sector. The small business managers’ reflections on any changes in… Advisors/Committee Members: Frick, B. L., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Truman, Kiru. “Perceptions of small business managers on the effects of voucher-training programmes offered by the Wholesale and Retail Sector Education and Training Authority.” 2014. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86708.
Truman, Kiru. “Perceptions of small business managers on the effects of voucher-training programmes offered by the Wholesale and Retail Sector Education and Training Authority.” 2014. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Truman K. Perceptions of small business managers on the effects of voucher-training programmes offered by the Wholesale and Retail Sector Education and Training Authority. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86708.
26. Van Wyk, Jeremy Mark. The post-literacy perceptions of newly literate adult learners at a rural community learning centre.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Literature suggests that post-literacy (PL) is a seriously under-researched field in most African countries including South Africa. From the literature, it also became evident that, if PL is not viewed as a government priority, a gap will continue to exist between what PL programmes offer, and what the newly literate adults may need. Various authors emphasise the importance of PL to prevent relapsing into illiteracy, the applicability of PL in enhancing everyday private and occupational life, as well as the potential contribution of PL to poverty reduction, social, economic and political development and in sustaining communities. The aim of this study was to identify the PL perceptions of newly literate adults in the PL programme at the Simondium Community Learning Centre (SCLC) in the Western Cape of South Africa. A basic qualitative research approach to collect data was undertaken. During the data production ten semi-structured interviews were conducted, with the individual participant as the unit of analysis. All interviews were recorded digitally (using a tape recorder) and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was done using the HyperQual computer programme to identify, retrieve, isolate and regroup data. The results and conclusions of data based on the literature studied and findings of the study indicate a learner-centred PL programme is required which focuses mainly on non-formal and vocational programmes for sustaining communities and economic development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Frick, B. L., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Van Wyk, Jeremy Mark. “The post-literacy perceptions of newly literate adult learners at a rural community learning centre.” 2012. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20274.
Van Wyk, Jeremy Mark. “The post-literacy perceptions of newly literate adult learners at a rural community learning centre.” 2012. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Van Wyk JM. The post-literacy perceptions of newly literate adult learners at a rural community learning centre. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20274.
27. Williams, Anna J M. Die rol van leerstyle in aanvangsleesontwikkeling by graad 2-leerders: 'n gevallestudie.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of an intervention programme on the reading levels of ten grade two learners. A case study was used as research method. The research group of five boys and five girls between the ages of 7 and 8 years were Grade 2 learners at a Boland primary school. These learners did not meet the Assessment Standards for reading and looking (LO3: 3, 4) The research process consisted of a pre evaluation phase, the intervention and a post evaluation phase. The learner’s reading levels were determined during the evaluation phases. The observation during the intervention was coded and recorded. The group was taught during a period of 10 weeks, 3 times a week for 30 minutes at a time. Ananlysis of data showed improvement of reading levels with regards to fluency, speed, accuracy analysis and self correction. The study thus shows that the intervention was effective for improving reading levels.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die invloed van ‘n intervensie op tien graad 2- leerders se leespeil te bepaal. ‘n Gevallestudie is as navorsingsmetode gebruik. Die navorsingsgroep, bestaande uit vyf seuns en vyf dogters tussen sewe en agt jaar oud, was almal in graad 2 aan ‘n Bolandse laerskool. Die leerders het nie voldoen aan die Nasionale Assesseringstandaarde vir lees en kyk (LU3: 3.4) nie. Die navorsing het uit twee evalueringsfases en ‘n intervensieprogram bestaan. Tydens die evalueringsfases is die leespeil van die leerders voor en na die intervensie bepaal. Tydens die intervensie is waarneming gedoen en met behulp van ‘n koderingstelsel aangeteken. Die navorsingsgroep is oor ‘n periode van tien weke drie keer per week vir 30 minute aan ‘n program blootgestel. Die data-analise het ‘n verbetering getoon ten opsigte van vlotheid, spoed, akkuraatheid, analise en selfkorrigering. Die studie het dus aangetoon dat die intervensie die leespeil van die tien leerders verbeter het.
Advisors/Committee Members: Menkveld, H, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Williams, Anna J M. “Die rol van leerstyle in aanvangsleesontwikkeling by graad 2-leerders: 'n gevallestudie.” 2012. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20315.
Williams, Anna J M. “Die rol van leerstyle in aanvangsleesontwikkeling by graad 2-leerders: 'n gevallestudie.” 2012. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Williams AJM. Die rol van leerstyle in aanvangsleesontwikkeling by graad 2-leerders: 'n gevallestudie. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20315.
28. Costandius, Elmarie. Engaging the curriculum in visual communication design : a critical citizenship education perspective.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of global and local change and transformation is emphasised through initiatives such as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (2012) and the Earth Charter Initiatives (2011) for constructing a just, sustainable and peaceful global society. In South Africa, the need for transformation has been underlined by the South African Department of Education in the Education White Paper of 1997 (DOE 1997). At Stellenbosch University, the Pedagogy of Hope (US) project aims to find concrete ways to reflect on historical influences and current SA society. Tremendous progress has been made in transformation regarding legislative policies, but personal transformation within people is proving to be slow. As a response to these realities, a module called Critical Citizenship was introduced for first-‐ to third-‐year Visual Communication Design students at the Visual Arts Department at Stellenbosch University. The aim of this research project was to explore the perceptions and attitudes of students, learners and lecturers regarding personal transformation through teaching and learning in the Critical Citizenship module. As a framework for the study, I emphasised the importance of giving consideration to the emotional dimensions of learning (Illeris 2007), meaning considering the learning being (Barnett 2009) as a thinking, feeling and acting person (Jarvis 2006). The objectives of the study were to identify such emotional reactions to the Critical Citizenship module and to establish what the emotional reactions revealed about the immediate and broader context of the teaching and learning context in which students, learners and lecturers learn and teach. I followed an interpretative approach and a case study research design that aimed at exploring and providing an in-‐depth investigation of the Critical Citizenship module was used. The themes that surfaced from reflections written by students and learners and from group interviews, comprised feeling unprepared for this type of project; feelings of guilt and shame; resistance to this type of project; asymmetry and assimilation, but also feelings of hope. Other responses, suggesting feelings of empathy, privilege, humility, re-‐ evaluation of priorities and values, sameness and difference, feeling out of a comfort zone and reflecting on blackness and whiteness were also interweaved with the main themes. The results of the research included that taking into consideration the emotional aspects in critical citizenship education is important because we are thinking, feeling and acting beings, but moving beyond emotional reactions toward rational actions is crucial. Critical citizenship cannot be taught in isolation because the context in which it exists plays a vital role and an inclusive critical citizenship curriculum within community interactions for the wider society is suggested.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bitzer, E. M., Troskie-de Bruin, C., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Costandius, Elmarie. “Engaging the curriculum in visual communication design : a critical citizenship education perspective.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71660.
Costandius, Elmarie. “Engaging the curriculum in visual communication design : a critical citizenship education perspective.” 2012. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Costandius E. Engaging the curriculum in visual communication design : a critical citizenship education perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71660.
29. Julius, Collen Andrew. 'n Ondersoek na ekonomiese- en bestuurswetenskappe as leerarea in die senior fase van die skoolkurrikulum.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) learning area is part of the current National Curriculum Statement (NCS) and includes learning content from subjects such as Accounting, Business Studies and Economics to prepare learners for the Further Education and Training (FET) phase (Grade 10–12). The learning content is divided into four learning outcomes, namely “The economic cycle”, “Sustainable growth and development”, “Managerial, consumer and financial knowledge and skills” and “Entrepreneurial knowledge and skills”. This study investigates EMS as learning area, and more specifically senior-phase EMS teachers’ experience of teaching this learning area. EMS teachers are expected to provide equal teaching of all four learning outcomes of the current NCS, as well as the three topics of the future Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS), namely “The economy”, “Financial literacy” and “Entrepreneurship”. Previous studies have shown that EMS teachers face many challenges, including that not all of them have sufficient knowledge and understanding of the content of the learning area. Apart from these challenges, it was also found that teachers do not strictly comply with the policy prescripts in terms of teaching and assessment, as Accounting is given priority in the EMS classroom. Therefore, this study explores the aforementioned challenges in order to ascertain how EMS teachers experience the teaching of the learning area. The establishment of teacher learning communities for novice EMS teachers was also investigated. The research was undertaken within the methodological paradigm as a qualitative investigation. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with mainly Grade 9 EMS teachers. The approach is interpretivist and the research design is phenomenological. Five respondents were purposefully selected based on the value that they were able to add in terms of their unique contexts, their qualifications and teaching experience. An important finding of the study was that the experience of EMS teachers was generally positive, given all the challenges they faced, such as the disparity between policy and practice, as well as often having to rely on insufficient, irrelevant and outdated EMS learning and teaching support material (LTSM). The researcher recommends that EMS teachers teach the learning area in consultation with their counterparts elsewhere in order to improve their teaching experience in respect of this learning area.
Advisors/Committee Members: America, Carina Georgina, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Julius, Collen Andrew. “'n Ondersoek na ekonomiese- en bestuurswetenskappe as leerarea in die senior fase van die skoolkurrikulum.” 2012. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71778.
Julius, Collen Andrew. “'n Ondersoek na ekonomiese- en bestuurswetenskappe as leerarea in die senior fase van die skoolkurrikulum.” 2012. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Julius CA. 'n Ondersoek na ekonomiese- en bestuurswetenskappe as leerarea in die senior fase van die skoolkurrikulum. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71778.
30. Rutgers, Linda. Coaching foundation phase literacy teachers as leaders in a school in the Western Cape Province : a professional development strategy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African education system needs literacy teachers with the capacity to lead innovative and appropriate literacy instruction in schools. Schools can benefit from suitable continuous professional development strategies that have the potential to build the leadership capacity of literacy teachers to sustain literacy improvement efforts. Coaching has proven to be an effective development strategy in the business sector and in the field of sport. However, the field of coaching in the educational context is under-explored in research in South Africa. Coaching is a situated practice, which is aimed at the learning and development of individuals within a specific context. Coaching is an on-going professional development strategy for teachers and leaders as opposed to traditional one-shot professional development activities such as workshops or training sessions. There is a need for evidence-based research on alternative professional development strategies, such as coaching. In this research study the researcher argued that coaching has the potential to provide a more effective and sustainable capacity-building strategy for the continuous professional development of teacher leaders. It argued further that the recognition of their own capacity as teacher leaders can empower teachers to take ownership of decision-making for on-going literacy improvement in schools. The specific context for coaching in this study was the professional development of literacy teachers as leaders for the improvement of literacy teaching and learning. In the absence of a suitable coaching model, the Integrated Capacity Coaching model and a coaching programme were purposefully designed by the researcher for the development of literacy teachers as leaders in this study. Cognitive coaching, peer coaching and coaching circles were incorporated as coaching methods in the coaching programme. This study was designed to determine what can be learnt from using coaching as a professional development strategy within the formal structures of the school and its current constraints. Findings from the data indicated a number of positive learning insights about coaching as a continuous professional development strategy to build internal leadership capacity for literacy improvement in schools. This study is significant because the outcome of the study extended the existing body of knowledge and evidence-based research on coaching in the educational context. The implementation of these findings could lead to improvements in the nature and characteristics of future continuous professional development of literacy teachers as leaders to sustain literacy improvement in schools. The proposed model shows potential as a capacity-building coaching model for the education sector, but further research is needed to determine the impact of this coaching model and the coaching approach in different school contexts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Carl, A. E., Van der Walt, C., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies..
Rutgers, Linda. “Coaching foundation phase literacy teachers as leaders in a school in the Western Cape Province : a professional development strategy.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71912.
Rutgers, Linda. “Coaching foundation phase literacy teachers as leaders in a school in the Western Cape Province : a professional development strategy.” 2012. Web. 21 Apr 2019.
Rutgers L. Coaching foundation phase literacy teachers as leaders in a school in the Western Cape Province : a professional development strategy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2019 Apr 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71912. | 2019-04-21T12:34:18Z | https://oatd.org/oatd/search?q=%2Bpublisher%3A%22Stellenbosch%20University%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Stellenbosch%20University.%20Faculty%20of%20Education.%20Dept.%20of%20Curriculum%20Studies.%22%29&pagesize-30 |
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The Princeton Tec Sync is an affordable general use headlamp with great battery life and solid construction. However, it is not as bright as advertised and bobbles around during high impact activities. It was the least-bright lamp that we tested.
At a conservative 90 lumens, the Princeton Tec Sync did not perform up to the advertised specs. The beam is very diffuse, which is great for covering a wide area right in front of the user, but even on the spot setting the Sync fails to project anywhere near the 190 ft. advertised. In our test the beam diminished down to 1 lux just 34 feet out. The Sync performed the poorest of all the lights we tested.
At max brightness, three AAA batteries lasted 43 hours until fading too dim to show in the time-lapse exposures. Does the Sync last the advertised 75 hours? The reality with this lamp is that the bulb gradually dims as the batteries are running out. So, technically, it will continue to run, but at 43 hours the light it emitted was about 0.3 lux, or about as bright as the screen of your mobile phone at 10 feet. Still, as the least expensive headlamp tested, it definitely outlasts all the others except the Black Diamond Icon Polar.
The adjustable strap is just large enough for the average male head (21.5 in), but the lack of support straps makes it loose and wobbly. The fit was secure enough for low-impact activities, but it bobbed and slipped while jogging. This problem was resolved when tightened, but it was then too tight to be comfortable for longer than an hour.
The Princeton Tec Sync is simple, but clumsy. Settings are adjusted by the one simple dial and there are no other buttons on the device. However, the issue with the dial is that two hands are needed to operate it smoothly—one to turn the dial and the other to hold the lamp in place. Testers were unable to switch between settings with only one hand without twisting the whole headlamp. Tightening the strap did not resolve this issue.
The Sync includes a dedicated red lamp that, according to the manufacturer, lasts up to 100 hours. After burning the light out on the bright settings completely (60+ hours), the red lamp still turns on. A red lamp is not available on all headlamps and some models feature a filter that is applied over the regular light. The benefit of a native red lamp is the low-battery consumption. The Sync’s red light offers bright illumination comfortable for up-close activity.
CAPTION: Headlamp max brightness side by side, measured from directly in front of the beam and at 10 degrees.
Using a light meter that measures lux, each of the lamps were tested to determine the furthest distance at which they registered 1 and 10 lux both directly in front of the beam and at a 10 degree angle from the line of the beam to determine peripheral brightness. For reference, 1 lux is about the brightness of a standard matchbook paper match at the distance of one foot. However, even with this method, this category was challenging to test because of the variety of light quality projected from each lamp.
At the extremes, the lights vary in beam focus quite drastically. Compare the Mammut X-Shot that measured 1 lux all the way to 132 feet directly in front, while only projecting 1 lux 35 feet when measured 10 degrees off the center beam; a ratio of nearly 4 to 1. On the other hand, the COAST HL7R reached 78 feet directly in front, while reaching 40 feet at 10 degrees; a ratio of 2-to-1. For this rating, the lamps were all tested at max power with their beams focused, where it was possible, to obtain the maximum distance.
The quality of the beam is measured by the distribution of light on the focus area. Note the definition of the edge and amount of ambient light outside of this edge.
The ratio in the preceding paragraph provides insight into the quality of light measured by distribution. With traditional bulbs, a light shined on a wall produces a distribution that is noticeably brighter in the center, a dim ring around that, and a bright ring near the edges which then softly diffuses. However, with LED technology, combined with advanced lens shaping, it is possible to produce a perfectly uniform circle of light with a distinct edge.
The insight drawn from a distribution analysis has to do with light efficiency. A light that produces a diffuse edge, with a noticeable amount of ambient light, comes at the cost of power that could have been put towards the center beam. So, a light such as the Princeton Tec Sync is considerably dimmer than other lights, while illuminating an area so broad it appears almost like a bulb. On the other hand, the COAST HL7R captures all of the light produced by the bulb and distributes it only inside a very defined circle — doing it so evenly that any distortions and abnormalities are undetectable to the human eye. The technology in the HL7R results in the brightest beam possible over the area upon which the light shines, maximizing the power from the batteries.
Our tests took both of these factors into consideration in selecting a headlamp that provides the most versatility across outdoor activities. While it is certainly attractive to have a bright beam, this often comes at the cost of battery life and size. In addition, when moving the head using a light with an uneven distribution, illuminated objects appear to “shift.” More weight was placed on the quality of the beam because it is often objectively more important to accurately see the task at hand, than it is to see far away objects.
Let’s compare two very different lights. The light projected from the Petzl NAO produced some of the most light among the lamps; it scored high in both distance and peripheral illumination. The light projected from the HL7R, on the other hand, was a perfectly uniform disc and movement of the head had no impact on the brightness of any individual spot so long as it remained in the illuminated area. Ultimately, the distance carried enough weight for the Nao to beat the HL7R in this rating. However, the HL7R scored very high because we were most impressed with what the HL7R was able to do with the light it did produce.
The lamps were turned on and a camera captured photos at set increments of time until the bulbs no longer shined enough light to be reasonably detectable. This ended up being about 0.3 lux at 10 feet, equivalent to the brightness of a mobile phone screen at that distance. Each lamp was either fully charged or loaded with new batteries and they were not turned off until depleted. The photos were then compiled into time-lapse videos to demonstrate the quality of the beam as the battery power degrades.
While battery life was the primary consideration, another factor we considered was whether the batteries were rechargeable. Headlamps are used for a very wide variety of reasons, with one of the most important being the amount of time a light stays on. If camping for longer than one night, having a lamp that doesn’t require spare batteries is always preferable. However, most people carry power banks now that allow for small devices to be recharged via USB. As a result, the ability for a light to be recharged weighed favorably, with bonus points to any lamp that had rechargeable batteries that could be swapped out for spares.
There are two additional considerations that push the lamps one way or the other. One is whether the lamp shut off completely once the batteries depleted, or if it continued to dim until light was no longer detectable. The second is whether the headlamps met the expectations set by the manufacturer of predicted run-time.
This rating can best be demonstrated with the following examples. Take the Olympus EX 550 that scored poorly with a rating of 3. This lamp has a short battery life at just over 3 hours, it shuts off completely once the battery is dead, and it uses a very expensive and rare type of battery. No one would argue that this combination makes the EX 550 beg for an upgrade. On the other hand, the COAST HL7R has a similar battery life with just under 3 hours, but it dims as the battery is drained, the battery life is markedly extended with a lower power output, the headlamp can be recharged via USB, and it comes packaged with rechargeable AAA batteries that can be swapped out instantly for fresh backups. While the run-time on the HL7R started it with it a low score, these other advantages produce a meaningful advantage.
With something that is strapped to the head, comfort is a major factor. The selection of headlamps provided a wide variety of methods to keep the lamp on, as well as different ways of distributing the components. For the purposes of the review, headlamp straps were tested a little loose, in a way they would be comfortable for several days in a row of putting the headlamp on around dusk and wearing it for a few hours until crawling into a sleeping bag. We often tighten up a headlamp and sacrifice some comfort during an activity like trail running. Often a headlamp is strapped to a helmet, and comfort is a non-issue. Ultimately, because comfort is such a subjective category, this rating was influenced by the following factors.
First, and most importantly, was whether the headlamp had any obvious feature that made it stand out from others and how that came into play. An example is the Petzl Nao which has stiff plastic that is designed to distribute the pressure. Unfortunately, sharp edges that don’t perfectly fit the shape of the wearer’s head place pressure at specific points, ironically causing discomfort and leaving a visible mark on the skin after even short periods of use.
Second, a headlamp is worn while doing things like hiking, climbing, biking, etc., so a another factor was whether the lamp stayed put during impact activities. Headlamps with top straps performed particularly well, as this additional stabilization prevented them from bobbling up and down. On the other hand, lamps such as the Princeton Tec Sync experienced problems. The weight of the Sync is concentrated away from the attachment point on a swivel. This causes the entire mechanism to roll up or down during most any impact.
A third consideration is weight distribution. The bobbing action in the previous paragraph is mitigated in other models such as the Mammut X-shot where the battery pack is placed on the rear of the lamp. The distribution of weight minimized the amount of force that is experienced by the lamp and prevents noticeable bobbing. Weight distribution also plays a part in comfort directly. There is a noticeable difference in a lamp like the Olympia EX 550, that is essentially a large metal block on the front of the head, and models such as the COAST HL7R that distribute the weight evenly in the front and back of the head. The feeling of even weight distribution creates a subtle confidence that any sudden jarring action won’t toss the headlamp off the head and into a dark crevasse or down the cliff.
This bobbling action ties into the fourth consideration, which is whether the headlamp can be operated with one hand. The Sync best demonstrates this because when we tried to change the setting, the entire lamp would rotate with the switch. This means it lost points because we needed to use two hands: one to hold the body of the lamp steady, and the other to rotate the switch to our desired setting.
And finally, the last consideration was whether the peripherals caused discomfort. This is evident in the Black Diamond Icon Polar, which has backpack straps on a battery pack connected to the headlamp by a rubber coated metal wire. While there is certainly reason for this design, it did require some logistical consideration when putting layers on and taking them off. In addition, the wire tugged gently as we turned our heads because it would inevitably become taut between clothing layers or the backpack.
The Ease of Use rating is very important because it can mean the difference between turning the lamp on without frustration or fumbling around until the user rips it off their head to examine the controls. However, it is not just the operation, but also the overall design that makes it easy to pick up and turn on seamlessly.
An initial component is the overall design of each headlamp and how easy it is to put on. For example, the Petzl Nao has thin strings that sometimes twist in a pack and become tangled, this can be further complicated if the USB battery pack is detached and the power cable is unplugged. For a first time user, this configuration can take several minutes to figure out. Another headlamp that deserves a mention is the Black Diamond Icon Polar due to the battery pack with backpack straps which loop around the power cord. We have yet to figure out a neat way to pack it, other than stuffing it into its own baggie so that the Icon does not get tangled amongst other items in the pack. On the other hand, plain strap lamps like the Princeton Tec Sync are so simple the only thing that can go wrong is putting it on upside down – even then it will work.
The next component of this rating is in the operation of the light. Some lights, such as the Olympia EX 550, have one button that cycles through simple settings; off, on, and strobe. This is ideal because so long as the wearer can find the button, they can get the light on. However, for more complicated functions such as dimming, multicolored lights, and locking the lamp, figuring out the press sequence on one button becomes frustrating.
The selection of headlamps we tested offered solutions on easy operation to varying degrees of satisfaction. The worst offender is the Black Diamond Icon Polar. This lamp literally operates more than five functions through a variety of button press combinations; lock/unlock, on/off, dim, high setting, low setting, red light, dim red light and strobe. I have owned the Icon for several years now and still get lost. A headlamp that is somewhere in between is the Petzl Nao. The Nao has a knob that twists, but has a short delay that causes confusion when turning on and off. In addition, there is often no noticeable difference between the high power and Reactive Lighting settings. At least Petzl programmed the lock-out function in the Nao to activate by twisting the knob in the opposite direction.
Additional considerations were the ease of use of the button, switch, or lever on each headlamp. The Mammut X-Shot lost out because, although the buttons are easy to find, the rubber button cover is larger than the actual switch underneath. This means that pressing the button does not always activate the light. This consideration also takes into account whether the headlamp can be operated with winter gloves or mittens. The Princeton Tec Sync, for example, was difficult to operate with a heavy mitt, and moisture on the knob made operation slippery.
The Features rating was the most diverse category of testing. Some lamps were packed with features, while others did not have any. It would be unfair to praise a lamp simply because it has additional features. That would mean more features result in a better lamp. So, this rating assumed all the lamps are even from the start, and features weighed towards the rating based on whether they added to the overall experience of the lamp, or made no sense and frustrated the user.
There are a couple examples that illustrate the way this rating played out. The Olympia EX 550 is the simplest lamp. Its features are a lock out function and a strobe. Both of these are useful, in particular the lock out function is welcome in a lamp where each 3 hours costs more than $10. However, they do not add much value to the lamp overall and bump it from a 5 to a 6. On the other hand, the Black Diamond Icon Polar is packed full of features that make it the best expedition lamp. In spite of the frustrations with comfort and ease of use, this lamp offers a set of features that set it apart from the rest; specifically, a separate battery pack that is protected from extreme temperatures and offers a larger power bank with AA batteries, a red light that also dims and a lock out that flashes blue when engaged.
Headlamps were originally a light attached by a strap to the head, but in today’s specialized technical environment the headlamp has become a precision instrument. The design of a headlamp makes it advantageous in some situations and a distraction in others. Our tests were designed to identify the headlamp that achieved the highest overall score, making it the best headlamp for a wide variety of uses. However, each lamp has unique features that can make it the best tool for the job depending on the activity it is chosen for. For example, even though it ranked 5th, the Mammut X-Shot is an excellent choice for climbing.
The difference in the headlamps selected for this review was also very broad. For example, the lamps varied from the latest technology with the Petzl Nao featuring the Reactive Lighting technology, to the simple, tried-and-true models like the Princeton Tec Sync and Olympia EX 550 that just turned on and off. However, in the end, this aspect did not predict the rankings. The simple-to-use COAST HL7R took the top spot, and the similarly simple Sync scored the lowest.
In fact, no single rating was predictive of the final standings. All of the brands are established in the lighting world, and these were the top picks of 2015 with no surprises that caused any individual headlamp to fail. However, we definitely identified some challenges with the designs that we hope is addressed in future generations. Specifically, it would be great to see rechargeable and removable batteries with a USB port on each model. For a lamp like the Olympia EX 550, this may have brought it to the top of the pack.
Please keep in mind that each lamp has its own advantages. We recommend reading each review carefully.
The results provide a measure of balance in each model of headlamp. A balanced headlamp provides both clear illumination at the focus of the beam, where the user is usually looking, as well as peripheral illumination that provides context in the area around that focus. An unbalanced headlamp strains the eyes because it requires additional effort to interpret the contrasting dark and light areas.
An example of an unbalanced headlamp is using a narrow beam while mountain biking. The contrast of the high intensity center to the much darker peripheral causes vision to process longer. As the brain tries to read both dark areas and highly illuminated areas, reaction time lags and the rider is unable to respond to features on the trail. Sometimes it is as if they can’t see them at all. So, a narrow beam headlamp is not a good choice for a mountain biker.
The lamps were turned on and a camera captured photos at set increments of time until the bulbs no longer shined enough light to be reasonably detectable. This ended up being about 0.3 lux at 10 feet, equivalent to the brightness of a mobile phone screen at the same distance. Each lamp was either fully charged or loaded with new batteries and they were not turned off until depleted. The photos were then compiled into time-lapse videos to demonstrate the quality of the beam as the battery power degrades and can be viewed in each of the videos in the individual reviews.
The basic test for comfort is putting the headlamp on. However, to prevent prejudice, a number of factors were taken into account to provide an objective analysis. One consideration was the way the weight was distributed and whether the lamp felt unbalanced with all the weight on the front or rear. As mentioned above, a lamp with all of its weight in the front can make a person feel nervous if they are performing an activity that can produce a jarring impact and knock the lamp off. A second consideration was complexity of the design. For example, the Black Diamond Icon Polar had several components that affected how the lamp feels when it is put on and caused varying levels of discomfort. The next consideration was whether any odd features made the lamp comfortable or uncomfortable. For example, the Petzl Nao’s sharp plastic corners leave visible marks on the skin. Secondary considerations are how the lamp behaves during high impact activities; whether it bobbles, and whether it can easily be operated with one hand.
For this rating, intuitiveness and accident prevention were the deciding factors. Before the test could begin, we looked at how easy it was to put the headlamp on. This sounds simple, but we encountered models like the Black Diamond Icon Polar that had multiple straps, cords, and cables. Once we got to turning the lights on, the lamps that scored the highest had operation that was intuitive and simple. The COAST HL7R’s button that performs a limited number of simple functions scored the highest. On the other hand, the Icon Polar’s single button that performs all 5+ functions in complex combinations of presses, got the lowest score. Additional considerations were taken into account with regard to how the button, lever, or knob worked and where it was placed, as well as whether it could be operated with gloves.
This category is a sort of catch all for aspects of the lamps that did not fit into any of the other ratings. Points were either added or subtracted depending on the functionality and usefulness or the un-intuitiveness or distracting nature of a feature. For features that added to the value of the headlamp, such as the Reactive Lighting technology of the Petzl Nao, the score was advanced. On the other hand, features that took away from the utility of a lamp lowered the score.
Lux value range is used in architecture to set brightness levels in different types of rooms. For example; a large school lecture classroom is said to have adequate lighting if a light meter records 150 to 300 lux, whereas a research room requires 200 to 750 lux for comfortable reading conditions. For a space where simple tasks are performed such as passing through or identifying large objects, (as in a warehouse, garage or fire escape) only 30-70 lux is required.
To illustrate in a simple test, I took the measurement of a lit match at 12 inches from the sensor and the reading conveniently fluctuated at just about 1 lux (+/- 0.5 lux). | 2019-04-21T07:10:19Z | https://gearinstitute.com/gear-review/princeton-tec-sync/ |
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Just a 10-minute walk from Olympic Sports Center Subway Station (line 2), Fraser Suites is located in Hexi Commercial District. Blending in by splashing around in the indoor swimming pool, taking part in various activities in the games room or lazing in soothing massage and pampering sauna seems like a nice getaway. All sumptuous guestrooms offer well-equipped modern facilities and lovely city views. Free Wi-Fi is provided throughout the property and free private parking is possible on site. Fraser Suites is a 5-minute drive from Nanjing International Expo Center and a 15-minute drive from the city centre or Nanjing South Railway Station. Lukou International Airport is about 40 km away. Spacious and bright, each self-contained unit is over 100 square-metre in size, and offers views of the city from its private balcony. It comes with a well-equipped kitchenette with a fridge and a dining area, a washing machine, a flat-screen satellite TV with a DVD player, an in-room safe, ironing facilities, a work desk and a seating area with a sofa. The en suite bathroom has a bathtub, soft bathrobes and a hairdryer. Guests can work out at the fitness centre, make use of the barbecue facilities, have conventions and meetings at the business centre, squash and table tennis in the games room. For those who travel on their own, ticketing services and car rentals are provided. A Children’s playground is available for family with kids. The on-site restaurant serves a selection of Western, Asian and local Chinese food for guests to enjoy.
Centrally located in Gulou Square, 1 minute walk from Gulou Subway Station Exit 4A (Line 1 & Line 4), InterContinental Nanjing features 433 modern stylish rooms above 49th floor. Guests can enjoy Nanjing city skyline in the room. Free parking is offered in the hotel. An indoor and an outdoor pool, SPA and 4 restaurants with gourmet cuisines are available on site. InterContinental Nanjing is 10 minutes' drive from Xuanwu Lake and 36 minutes' drive to Dr Sun Yat-Sen Museum. Nanjing Railway Station is a 15-minute drive away, while Lukou International Airport is a 40-minute ride away. Within walking distance of the property, guests can reach Dazhongting, Gulou Park, Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing University, Southeast University and Jiming Temple. InterContinental Nanjing's rooms are equipped with a flat-screen cable, an IDD telephone with voicemail and iPod dock. All rooms are non-smoking and offer a tea and coffee maker. Guests will find a flat-screen TV with satellite channels. A minibar, ironing facilities, an electrical kettle and a safety deposit box is also to be found. All rooms come with PM 2.5 air purifiers. Certain rooms feature stunning lake view. In the well-furnished private bathroom, bathrobes, free toiletries and a hairdryer is provided for guests' comfort. A fitness centre is available for those wishing to work out after a long journey. Two 800-meter-square large pillars-less ballrooms and 7 meeting rooms can meet a variety of meeting requirements. Relax at indoor and outdoor swimming pool, gym, and international SPA on 8 floor. For their convenience, guests will find currency exchange service for their convenience and they can do laundry services as well. Guests can hire a car at the hotel and explore Nanjing by themselves. In the 24-hour front desk, local trips can be arranged to nearby scenic spots. Staff at the reception can assist with luggage storage service upon guests' requests. Prime Restaurant•Bar•Lounge on 78th floor with 320 meters height is branded as the highest restaurant in Jiangsu, and Summit Restaurant located on 76th floor with 300 meters height also be named as highest Chinese restaurant in the province.
Situated beside Xuanwu Lake, this hotel is 10 metres from Xuanwumen Metro Station. It offers a revolving restaurant with city views, an indoor pool and rooms with free internet access. Lakeview Xuanwu Hotel is surrounded by dining and shopping options. The hotel is 1.5 km from Xinjiekou and a 10-minute drive from Nanjing Railway Station. Modern rooms at Lakeview Xuanwu are equipped with air conditioning and heating. They come with a flat-screen TV and a private bathroom with a bathtub. A minibar and a tea/coffee maker are included. In-room local and domestic phone calls are free. Aside from the revolving restaurant on the hotel’s top floor, another restaurant serves Western meals. Alternatively, room service is available. Guests can exercise in the fitness centre, or enjoy a range of treatments at the spa. They can also head to the barber/beauty shop or sing in the karaoke room. Other facilities include a tour desk and a business centre. Lakeview Xuanwu Hotel provides free parking.
Since opened in 1983, East meets West at the majestic Jinling Hotel in the heart of Nanjing’s Xinjie Kou Square, an upscale setting only 200 metres away from Xinjiekou Subway Station (Line 1&2). Offering 1000 guestrooms with free internet access, it features a heated indoor pool and 6 dining options. Additionally, spacious event space is available, able to host various activities like conferences, wedding and parties. Situated in Nanjing’s Central Business District, Hotel Jinling is surrounded by shops and transportation nodes. It is 3 km from the Confucius Temple and Nanjing Presidential Palace. Nanjing Lukou International Airport is 35 km away. The spacious rooms at Jinling have modern furnishings and large windows that offer views of the city. Some rooms are set in the Asia Pacific Tower opened in July 2014. Each well-appointed room is fitted with a flat-screen cable TV and safety deposit box. Recreation choices include working out at the fitness centre, or enjoying a relaxing body massage at the spa. For convenience, the hotel also provides conference rooms and small meeting rooms covering a total of 4,000 square metres. Dining highlights include Western and Asian buffets, Italian fare at Pacific Bar. At Sky Palace, panoramic city views accompany a variety of Chinese and International dishes.
Novotel Nanjing East Suning Galaxy offers luxurious accommodation located a 5-minute drive from Zhongshan International Golf Club, 4 km from Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum Scenic Area as the crow flies. An indoor pool, a gym and barbecue facilities are included. Free WiFi is available in all areas. Situated in Xuzhuang Software Park, Novotel Nanjing East Suning Galaxy is a 20-minute drive from Tangshan Hot Spring Resort. It is a 15-minute drive from Nanjing Railway Station and 15 km from Nanjing Lukou International Airport. Free parking is available. Spacious guestrooms feature elegant interiors and modern furnishings. Each room is equipped with a minibar, a work desk and a flat-screen TV with cable channels. Recreational facilities include sauna rooms and a games room. The tour desk can assist with travel arrangements. A tour desk and business centre are also available. The on site restaurant serves a variety of Chinese and international dishes. In-room dining is possible with room service.
Built over a lake, The Purple Palace - Jinling Hotels & Resorts features luxurious accommodation in 10 separate villas with free internet access and full-length windows offering mountain or lake views. It houses an indoor pool and a restaurant. Situated at the northern base of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, this resort is located about 2.5 km from Linggu Temple. It is 10km from the Xinjiekou city centre. Aside from a private balcony with calming views of nature, the spacious air-conditioned rooms at The Purple Palace - Jinling Hotels & Resorts feature en suite bathrooms with shower facilities and a bathtub. Each room is equipped with a flat-screen TV and a minibar. The resort has a bar and a buffet restaurant serving a variety of local and international delights. Room service is available. Guests may go for a massage or play a game of tennis at The Purple Palace’s fitness centre. Alternatively, tennis courts and a sauna are available. Other facilities include a business centre and a barber/beauty shop. Free parking is available.
Located between the Confucius Temple area and Xinjiekou commercial district, Holiday Inn Nanjing features a gym, a swimming pool and rooms with internet access. Metro line 1 Sanshanjie Station and line 3 Fuzimiao Station are all within walking distance. Holiday Inn Nanjing Aqua City is around 15 minutes' subway journey to Nanjing South Railway Station or Nanjing Railway Station. Confucius Temple is around a 5-minute walk away. Nanjing Lukou Airport is located around 45 minutes' drive away. Air-conditioned rooms have a flat-screen cable TV, a safe and a bathroom with bathrobes and a hairdryer. The property provides rooms for guests staying with children, offering children amenities. Guests can use sauna facilities. Business facilities are available, while the tour desk helps guests organise excursions to tourist attractions. Guests can enjoy fresh food at the restaurant located on the 5th floor. Beverages are available at the lobby bar.
The luxurious Jinling Riverside Hotel is located in Nanjing, 500 metres from the Yangzi River. It features 4 dining options and rooms with free internet. The elegant rooms at Riverside Jinling Hotel come with modern décor and a balcony with city views. Each room is well-equipped with a minibar and TV with cable channels. Recreation options include working out at the fitness centre or playing a game of tennis. For convenience, the hotel also offers currency exchange services and free parking. Guests can enjoy traditional Huaiyang dishes at Aroma, or a Western buffet spread at Orchid Café. Hotel Riverside Jinling is 10 km from the city centre and a 5-minute drive from Virescence Exposition Garden. Nanjing Lukou International Airport is 40 km from the hotel.
Eastern Pearl Hotel is located beside Nanjing’s Xuanwu Lake, only steps away from Fuqiao Subway Station (Line 3) and 1 km from Nanjing City Wall. It features a fitness centre,a restaurant and rooms with flat-screen TVs. Free internet is provided. Hotel Eastern Pearl is 1 km from Nanjing Presidential Palace and 35 km from Nanjing Lukou International Airport. The most-visited 1912 bar street is a 5-minute walk away. It takes 10 minutes by subway to go to Nanjing Railway Station and 20 minutes by subway to go to South Railway Station. The cosy rooms at Pearl Eastern Hotel come with modern décor, and are fitted with floor-to-ceiling windows. Rooms are well-equipped with amenities like a DVD player and safety deposit box. A bathtub and hot shower facilities are available in the private bathrooms. The hotel offers ticket and car rental services. A tour desk can assist with travel and sightseeing arrangements. 3 dining options are available at the hotel. A wide variety of Chinese and International dishes are offered.
Nanjing Moonlight Hotel-Junlin Shop is located at the junction of Zhujiang Road and Guangzhou Road. It offers air-conditioned rooms with fully equipped kitchenettes and free internet. Nanjing Moonlight Hotel-Junlin Shop is 2.5 km from Xinjiekou and 10 km from Nanjing Railway Station. Nanjing Lukou International Airport is 42 km from the hotel. Guestrooms at the hotel come with hardwood flooring. Each room is fitted with a sofa and TV with cable channels. A microwave and refrigerator are also provided. Nanjing Moonlight Hotel-Junlin Shop provides baggage storage facilities at the 24-hour front desk. Room service is available upon request.
Fangyuan Jinling Plaza is located in Nanjing City, 1 km from Yangtze Bridge. It presents an indoor pool, restaurant and rooms with a cable TV. Internet and parking are free. The stylish rooms at Jingling Fangyuan Plaza come with modern décor and warm lightings. Each cosy room is well-equipped with a safety deposit box and minibar. A bathtub and hot shower are available in the private bathroom. Recreation choices include working out at the fitness centre, or enjoying a relaxing body massage. The hotel provides car rental services, while sightseeing arrangements can be made at the tour desk. The on-site restaurant serves a buffet spread of local and international dishes. Traditional Huaiyang food is also available. Plaza Fangyuan Jinling is 3 km from Xuan Wu Lake and 7 km from Nanjing Museum.
Just 800 metres from Xinjiekou, Nanjing 365 (Xinjiekou Chengkai International) offers apartments with fully equipped kitchens and washing machines. They also come with free internet access and cable TV channels. Nanjing 365 Service Apartment (Xinjiekou Chengkai International) is 12 km from Nanjing Railway Station. Nanjing Lukou International Airport is 45 km from the hotel. Soundproofed apartments are fitted with a microwave oven and fridge. Ironing facilities and a DVD player are also provided. Ticketing and dry cleaning services are available in the hotel. Luggage storage is provided at the hotel’s 24-hour front desk.
Situated opposite scenic Mochou Lake, Jinling Mansion Nanjing offers elegant rooms with free wired internet. A 10-minute walk from Mochouhu Station Line 2, it features a Chinese restaurant and tour desk. Jinling Mansion is 1.5 km from Nanjing’s main commercial district of XinJieKou and 8 km from Nanjing Railway Station. Offering free parking, it is 40 km from Lukou International Airport. Decorated in calming neutral shades, air-conditioned rooms at Jinling Hotel Nanjing come with cable TV, ironing facilities and seating area. A hairdryer and free toiletries are provided. For leisure, enjoy soothing massages or explore Nanjing’s attractions with an organised tour. Staff can assist with business and ticketing needs. Free Wi-Fi is available in the hotel's lobby.
Hotel Yishiyuan sa nachádza v meste Nanjing, v budove v majestátnom štýle a ponúka parkovanie zadarmo. Izby majú prístup na internet zadarmo, TV s plochými obrazovkami a kanálmi káblovej televízie. Nájdete tu aj posilňovňu a kozmetický salón. Hotel Yishiyuan sa nachádza 10 minút chôdze od Drum Tower a 5 km od stanice Nanjing. Medzinárodné letisko Nanjing Luko je vzdialené 40 km. Izby v hoteli Yishiyuan majú charakter Nanjingu z 30tych rokov, avšak s moderným komfortom. Priestranné izby majú zariadenie na prípravu čaju / kávy a vo vybraných izbách nájdete minibar. K dispozícii sú úschovné trezory. Rýchlovarná kanvica a sušič vlasov sú v cene. Hostia hotela si môžu doplniť energiu pri relaxačnej masáži. Služba organizácie výletov vám môže zabezpečiť prehliadky pamätihodností. K dispozícii sú aj služby prania a čistenia odevov. Hostia si môžu vychutnať rôzne jedlá čínskej kuchyne v reštaurácii, alebo si odpočinúť pri nápoji v lobby bare.
Jinling Jingyuan Plaza is located in Nanjing, 5 km from Xinjiekou City Centre. It presents a restaurant, fitness centre and rooms with a flat-screen TV. Guests enjoy free Wi-Fi. The elegant rooms at Plaza Jingyuan Jinling feature large windows that offer plenty of natural light. Rooms have a seating area and fitted with a minibar. A bathtub and toiletries are in the attached bathroom. Guests of the hotel can sing karaoke or relax in the sauna. The hotel offers currency exchange services and free parking. Laundry service is also available upon request. The restaurant serves a wide variety of Chinese and Asian dishes. Light snacks and refreshing drinks are offered at the bar. Plaza Jinling Jingyuan is 10 km from Confucius Temple and 50 km Nanjing Lukou International Airport.
Glarun Jinling Hotel is located in Nanjing Yuhuatai Scenic Spot, next to the third Yangzi River Bridge. The luxurious hotel offers a fitness centre, free parking and free internet in rooms. Air-conditioned guestrooms at Jinling Glarun are fitted with ironing and tea/coffee making facilities. Each room also has a work desk and a flat-screen TV. Hotel Glarun Jinling has a tennis court and karaoke facilities. The hotel offers laundry and dry cleaning services. In addition, there is a business centre with fax and photocopying facilities. The hotel’s restaurant serves a wide variety of Chinese, Asian and international dishes. Glarun Jinling Hotel is located 2 km from the Rain Flower Terrace and 8 km from Nanjing International Expo Centre. The hotel is 20 km from downtown and 50 km from Lukou International Airport.
Travelport.cz ponúka rezerváciu hotelov a ubytovania v meste Nanking bez nutnosti platenia dopredu. Cenu za pobyt zvyčajne zaplatíte až priamo v hotelovej recepcii (viď Podmienky platenia zálohy).
Porovnajte rôzne hotely Nanking. Upravte si Váš výber pomocou hodnotenia typu ubytovania, a príslušenstvo. Zvoľte si či chcete na izbe internet, v hoteli bazén, tenis, saunu, či fitness.
Ubytovanie Nanking, či Vašu dovolenku Nanking si objednajte radšej s predstihom. Najlepšie ponuky miznú najrýchlejšie. Obzvlášť v období dovolenky, sviatkov a prázdnin.
Prečo rezervovať hotely a ubytovanie Nanking s Travelport.cz? | 2019-04-26T00:52:16Z | https://www.travelport.cz/sk/Hotely-v-meste/-1919548/Nanjing |
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Schmitz-Streit, R., Jäger, D., Jellen-Ritter, A., Babski, J., Soppa, J., Marchfelder, A. (2011) Archaea employ small RNAs as regulators. In: Regulatory RNAs in prokaryotes. Hess, W.R., Marchfelder, A. (edt.) Springer Berlin, p. 131-145.
Fischer, S., Benz, J., Spath, B., Maier, LK., Straub, J., Granzow, M., Raabe, M., Urlaub, H., Hoffmann, J., Brutschy, B., Allers, T., Soppa, J., Marchfelder, A. (2010) The archaeal Lsm protein binds to small RNAs.
Eichler, J., Maupin-Furlow, J., Soppa, J. (2010) Archaeal protein biogenesis: posttranslational modification and degradation. Archaea 2010.
Soppa, J. (2010) Protein acetylation in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.Archaea 2010.
Kopitz, A., Soppa, J., Hauser, K. (2010) Analysis of a hybrid TATA box binding protein originating from mesophilic and thermophilic donor organisms.
Sisignano, M., Morbitzer, D., Gatgens, J., Oldiges, M., Soppa, J. (2010) A 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex of Haloferax volcanii is essential for growth on isoleucine but not on other branched-chain amino acids. .
Johnsen, U., Dambeck, M., Zaiß, H., Fuhrer, T., Soppa, J., Sauer, U., Schönheit, P. (2009) D-xylose degradation pathway in the halophilic archaeonHaloferax volcanii.
Kopitz, A., Soppa, J., Krejtschi, C., Hauser, K. (2009) Differential stability of TATA box binding proteins from archaea with different optimal growth temperatures.
Straub, J., Brenneis, M., Jellen-Ritter, A., Heyer, R., Soppa, J., Marchfelder, A. (2009) Small RNAs in haloarchaea: Identification, differential expression and biological function.
Hering, O., Brenneis, M., Beer, J., Suess, B., Soppa, J. (2009) A novel mechanism for translation initiation operates in haloarchaea.
Brenneis, M., Soppa, J.(2009) Regulation of translation in haloarchaea: 5?- and 3?-UTRs are essential and have to functionally interact in vivo.
Soppa, J., Straub, J., Brenneis, M., Jellen-Ritter, A., Heyer, R., Fischer, S., Granzow, M., Voss, B., Hess, W., Tjaden, B., Marchfelder, A. (2009) Small RNAs of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii.
Huber, H, Soppa, J. (2008) Gene regulation and genome function in Archaea: a progress survey.
Pfeiffer, F., Schuster, S., Broicher, A., Falb, M., Palm, P., Rodeward, K., Ruepp, A., Soppa, J., Tittor, J., Oesterhelt, D. (2008) Genome sequences ofHalobacterium salinarum: a reply.
Hammelmann, M., Soppa, J. (2008) Optimized generation of vectors for the construction of Haloferax volcanii deletion mutants. J. Microbiol. Methods75, 201-204.
Soppa, J., Baumann, A., Brenneis, M., Dambeck, M., Hering, O., Lange, C. (2008) Genomics and functional genomics with halophilic Archaea. Arch Microbiol 190, 197-215.
Dambeck, M., Soppa, J. (2008) Characterization of a Haloferax volcaniimember of the enolase superfamily: deletion mutant construction, expression analysis, and transcriptome comparison.
Pfeiffer, F., Schuster, S., Broicher, A., Falb, M., Palm, P., Rodeward, K., Ruepp, A., Soppa, J., Tittor, J., and Oesterhelt, D. (2008) Evolution in the laboratory: the genome of Halobacterium salinarum strain R1 as compared to strain NRC-1.
Zaparty, M., Zaigler, A., Stamme, C., Soppa, J., Hensel, R., and Siebers, B. (2008) DNA microarray analysis of the central carbohydrate metabolism: glycolytic / gluconeogenetic carbon switch in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeum of Thermoproteus tenax.
Lange, C., Zaigler, A., Hammelmann, M., Twellmeyer, J., Raddatz, G., Schuster, S., Oesterhelt, D., and Soppa, J. (2007) Genome-wide analysis of growth phase-dependent translational and transcriptional regulation in halophilic archaea.
Brenneis, M., Hering, O., Lange, C., and Soppa, J. (2007) Experimental characterization of cis-acting elements important for translation and transcription in halophilic Archaea.
Large, A., Stamme, C., Lange, C., Duan, Z., Allers, T., Soppa, J., and Lund, P. A. (2007) Characterization of a tightly controlled promoter of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii and its use in the analysis of the essential cct1 gene.
Twellmeyer, J., Wende, A., Wolfertz, J., Pfeiffer, F., Panhuysen, M., Zaigler, A., Soppa, J., Welzl, G., and Oesterhelt, D. (2007) Microarray Analysis in the Archaeon Halobacterium salinarum Strain R1.
Hundt, S., Zaigler, A., Lange, C., Soppa, J., and Klug, G. (2007) Global analysis of mRNA decay in Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 at single-gene resolution using DNA microarrays.
van Ooyen, J., and Soppa, J. (2007) Three 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase operons in Haloferax volcanii: expression, deletion mutants and evolution.
Baumann, A., Lange, C. and Soppa, J. (2007) Transcriptome changes and cAMP oscillations in an archaeal cell cycle.
Breuert, S., Allers, T., Spohn, G. and Soppa, J. (2006) Regulated polyploidy in halophilic archaea.
Soppa, J. (2006) From genomes to function: haloarchaea as model organisms.
Soppa, J. (2005) From replication to cultivation: hot news from Haloarchaea.
Zaigler, A., Schuster, S.C. and Soppa, J. (2003) Construction and usage of a onefold-coverage shotgun DNA microarray to characterize the metabolism of the archaeon Haloferax volcanii.
Herrmann, U. and Soppa, J. (2002) Cell cycle-dependent expression of an essential SMC-like protein and dynamic chromosome localization in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum.
Soppa, J., Kobayashi, K., Noirot-Gros, M.F., Oesterhelt, D., Ehrlich, S.D., Dervyn, E., Ogasawara, N. and Moriya, S. (2002) Discovery of two novel families of proteins that are proposed to interact with prokaryotic SMC proteins, and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis family members ScpA and ScpB.
Mascarenhas, J., Soppa, J., Strunnikov, A.V. and Graumann, P.L. (2002) Cell cycle-dependent localization of two novel prokaryotic chromosome segregation and condensation proteins in Bacillus subtilis that interact with SMC protein.
Wanner, C. and Soppa, J. (2002) Functional role for a 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase in the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii.
Soppa, J. (2001) Basal and regulated transcription in archaea.
Soppa, J. (2001) Prokaryotic structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins: distribution, phylogeny, and comparison with MukBs and additional prokaryotic and eukaryotic coiled-coil proteins.
Wanner, C. and Soppa, J. (1999) Genetic identification of three ABC transporters as essential elements for nitrate respiration in Haloferax volcanii.
Soppa, J. (1999) Transcription initiation in Archaea: facts, factors and future aspects.
Soppa, J. (1999) Normalized nucleotide frequencies allow the definition of archaeal promoter elements for different archaeal groups and reveal base-specific TFB contacts upstream of the TATA box.
Patenge, N. and Soppa, J. (1999) Extensive proteolysis inhibits high-level production of eukaryal G protein-coupled receptors in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii.
Soppa, J., Vatter, P., Ruepp, A., Zur Mühlen, A. and Link, T.A. (1998) Regulation of gene expression in Halobacterium salinarum: The arcRACB gene cluster and the TATA box-binding protein. Microbiology and Biogeochemistry of Hypersaline Environments. Edited by Aharon Oren.CRC press, 249-263.
Soppa, J. (1998) Optimization of the 5-bromo-2 '-deoxyuridine selection and its application for the isolation of nitrate respiration-deficient mutants ofHaloferax volcanii. J Microbiol Meth, 34, 41-48.
Ruepp, A., Wanner, G. and Soppa, J. (1998) A 71-kDa protein fromHalobacterium salinarium belongs to a ubiquitous P-loop ATPase superfamily with head-rod-tail structure.
Soppa, J. and Link, T.A. (1997) The TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) ofHalobacterium salinarum. Cloning of the tbp gene, heterologous production of TBP and folding of TBP into a native conformation.
Sohlemann, P., Soppa, J., Oesterhelt, D. and Lohse, M.J. (1997) Expression of beta 2-adrenoceptors in halobacteria.
Ruepp, A. and Soppa, J. (1996) Fermentative arginine degradation inHalobacterium salinarium (formerly Halobacterium halobium): genes, gene products, and transcripts of the arcRACB gene cluster.
Danner, S. and Soppa, J. (1996) Characterization of the distal promoter element of halobacteria in vivo using saturation mutagenesis and selection.
Ruepp, A., Muller, H.N., Lottspeich, F. and Soppa, J. (1995) Catabolic ornithine transcarbamylase of Halobacterium halobium (salinarium): purification, characterization, sequence determination, and evolution.
Soppa, J. (1994) Compilation of halobacterial protein-coding genes, the halobacterial codon usage table and its use. Syst Appl Microbiol, 16, 725-733.
Soppa, J. (1994) Sequence comparison doesnot support an evolutionary link between halobacterial retinal proteins including bacteriorhodopsin and eukariotic G-protein-coupled receptors.
Soppa, J., Duschl, J. and Oesterhelt, D. (1993) Bacterioopsin, haloopsin, and sensory opsin I of the halobacterial isolate Halobacterium sp. strain SG1: three new members of a growing family.
Govindjee, R., Kono, M., Lukashev, E., Balashov, S., Ebrey, T., Soppa, J., Tittor, J. and Oesterhelt, D. (1993) Spectral and photochemical properties of Y57N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin. Biophys. J., 64, A212.
Govindjee, R., Lukashev, E., Kono, M., Balashov, S., Ebrey, T., Soppa, J., Tittor, J. and Oesterhelt, D. (1992) Tyr57Asn mutant of bacteriorhodopsin: M formation and spectral transformations at high pH. Structure and fuctions of retinal proteins. Colloque INSERM, J. L. E. Ltd. Montrouge. 221, 115-118.
Engelhard, M., Hess, B., Metz, G., Kreutz, W., Siebert, F., Soppa, J. and Oesterhelt, D. (1990) High resolution 13C-solid state NMR of bacteriorhodopsin: assignment of specific aspartic acids and structural implications of single site mutations.
Gerwert, K., Hess, B., Soppa, J. and Oesterhelt, D. (1989) Role of aspartate-96 in proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin.
Soppa, J., Otomo, J., Straub, J., Tittor, J., Meessen, S. and Oesterhelt, D. (1989) Bacteriorhodopsin mutants of Halobacterium sp. GRB. II. Characterization of mutants.
Soppa, J. and Oesterhelt, D. (1989) Bacteriorhodopsin mutants ofHalobacterium sp. GRB. I. The 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine selection as a method to isolate point mutants in halobacteria.
Soppa, J., Oesterhelt, D. (1987) Isolation and characterization of bacteriorhodopsin mutants of Halobacterium spec. GRB. Biol Chem, 368, 1116.
Soppa, J. and Oesterhelt, D. (1989) Halobacterium sp. GRB: a species to work with!
Overath, P., Weigel, U., Neuhaus, J.M., Soppa, J., Seckler, R., Riede, I., Bocklage, H., Muller-Hill, B., Aichele, G. and Wright, J.K. (1987) Lactose permease of Escherichia coli: properties of mutants defective in substrate translocation.
Soppa, J., Seckler, R., Wright, J., Weigel, U., Neuhaus, J. and Overath, P. (1985) Genetic-evidence for binding and translocation as separate steps in lactose carrier function. Biol Chem, 366, 855.
Neuhaus, J.M., Soppa, J., Wright, J.K., Riede, I., Blocker, H., Frank, R. and Overath, P. (1985) Properties of a mutant lactose carrier of Escherichia coliwith a Cys148----Ser148 substitution.
Klump, W., Soppa, J., Marquardt, O. and Hofschneider, P. (1984), Expression of the foot and mouth disease virus protease in E.Coli. 35. Colloquium Mosbach. Springer Verlag, pp. 201-209. | 2019-04-19T19:32:33Z | http://evershine.info/60269193/publikationen |
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This page is designed to keep Jaguar fans updated on former athletes and their latest achievements. Those currently playing professionally feature a “Currently” section in their bio, which is updated often. Players without the “Currently” section are no longer playing professionally.
Boodnikoff's professional career was marked by longevity, as he racked up over 250 starts in Australia's National Basketball League, primarily with the Cairns Taipans. He was regarded as one of the faces of the NBL, despite being hampered by leg injuries the past few seasons.
As a Jaguar: Boodnikoff capped his career by averaging 19.5 points a game, shooting 48 percent from the field and 43 percent from behind the arc. He helped ASU to two consecutive NCAA Tournament berths, notching 10 points and five rebounds in a win over Johnson C. Smith in the first round of the 2002 tournament.
After graduating, Bowman spent three seasons playing for Ola Verde in the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (National Professional Basketball League –LNBP) before the team folded.
He averaged over five points per game in his final season with the team.
As a Jaguar: Bowman was near the top of the nation in field goal percentage and points per game, averaging 20.5 points in the 2006-07 campaign while shooting 53.1% from the floor and grabbing 7.5 rebounds a contest. He averaged 19.8 points and 7.5 rebounds a game his senior year, including 26 points, five rebounds, three assists, and a block in the 2008 NCAA Division II National Finals.
He also was selected to participate in ESPN’s Slam Dunk contest in consecutive seasons, and was named the Atlanta Tipoff Club’s Georgia College Player of the Year in 2007. His number 23 has been retired.
Brathwaite headed to Germany out of college for his first professional season before landing in the National Basketball League Canada (NBLCanada) for the 2011-12 year with the Moncton Miracles. He averaged seven points and three rebounds.
As a Jaguar: Brathwaite helped his team to consecutive Elite Eight appearances, leading the team with 21 points and seven rebounds in the Final Four versus Cal Poly Pomona. He averaged 16.5 points and 8.2 rebounds per game his senior season.
Franklin began his professional career with the Sydney Kings of Australia’s NBL in 2003, winning the NBL Championship that season. He bounced around the NBL for three seasons before his 2007-08 campaign ended with a nomination as All-NBL Third Team as part of the Wollongong Hawks.
As a Jaguar: Franklin averaged 20 points and 5.4 rebounds, nailing 40 percent of three pointers. He was named PBC Conference Player of the Year and Daktronics All-Region First-Team.
In the 2012-2013 season, Hire was named the NBL’s Most Improved Player while averaging 5 points, 5.1 rebounds, and 1.4 assists. His physicality aided Perth to the 2014 NLB Championship as Hire tallied nine points, nine rebounds, and five assists.
As a Jaguar: Hire posted a home record of 57-4, bringing new meaning to the term 'home court advantage.' He helped the Jags to a Final Four and Elite Eight appearance, averaging 5.4 points and rebounds a contest while starting every game his senior year.
Madgen went straight to Australia’s Sydney Kings of the NBL out of college and has risen up the league ranks ever since. As a rookie in 2010-11, Madgen averaged 10 points and three rebounds a contest en route to winning the NBL Rookie of the Year award.
He did one better in the 2012-13 season, leading the league in scoring while finishing second in Most Valuable Player voting and earning All-NBL First Team honor. He was elected to the national squad in the offseason.
As a Jaguar: Madgen compiled an astounding career that saw a national title game appearance and three straight Elite Eight appearances in the NCAA Tournament. He ended his college career as the all-time leading scorer in the Peach Belt Conference and held the title until 2017. He is only one of two players in PBC history to break 2,000 career points and he was the second player ever named All-Conference all four years.
His No. 1 jersey was retired March 3, 2010 in a ceremony before a first round game against Armstrong Atlantic in the Peach Belt Conference Tournament.
Sherril signed a professional basketball contract with New Heroes Basketball out of Den Bosch, Netherlands in July 2018. The 5-9 point guard played in 33 games in his rookie season and was named the team MVP will averaging 16.5 points per game and 30.5 minutes a night.
AS A JAGUAR: Sherrill (Cleveland, N.C.) has had a historic career at Augusta, setting multiple school and conference records. Sherrill became the all-time leading scorer in Peach Belt Conference history with 2,333 points. He was so influential on the court that his No.10 jersey was retired by the university at the Athletics Awards Banquet on May 3, 2017. He was named an All-American twice, first-team All-Conference three years, NCAA All-Region three times, and was the PBC Freshman of the Year.
After playing for the Shangai Sharks in the Chinese Basketball Association for one season after college, Siler was invited to the 2010 NBA summer league, where he impressed scouts enough to sign a two-year deal with Suns, making him the first Jaguar to play in the NBA. Atlanta and Miami were also in the running to sign him.
In his first NBA season, Siler averaged 2.1 points and 1.3 rebounds a game while backing up Robin Lopez, the 15th overall draft pick in the 2008 NBA draft. He scored a career-high eight points in just three minutes against Oklahoma City in March. The Suns went 40-42 that year.
Most recently, Siler has competed with the Jiangsu Dragons and is now with the Fubon Braves.
As a Jaguar: Siler led the Jags to three straight NCAA Elite Eight appearances, and still holds the NCAA record for career field goal percentage.
Thomas wrapped up his senior year in Augusta in 2015 and signed to played professionally in Domžale, Slovenia for KK Lastovka Domžale. He played in Slovenia for five months before heading to Castelnovo ne' Monti, Italy to compete with LG Basket. Thomas led LG Basket with 18.5 points per game and shot 41.2 percent from three-point land to guide the team to a 2017 Serie C league Silver Championship.
As a Jaguar: A four-year starter for the Jaguars from 2011-2015, Thomas averaged double-figure points for his career and ranks third all-time for Augusta with 258 three pointers and 17th with 1,289 points. The Jaguars reached two NCAA Regionals and four PBC Tournaments during his tenure.
Williams joined the NBA G League for the 2017-18 season with the Erie BayHawks – an affiliate of the Atlanta Hawks. The 6-5 forward played in 40 games off the bench and averaged 10.4 minutes per contest. Williams scored 102 total points and grabbed 88 total rebounds in his first season.
AS A JAGUAR: Williams transferred to AU as a senior for the 2016-17 and averaged 13.1 points per game – second best on the team. He led the team in rebounding and averaged 8.2 per game. He led the team in scoring in three games and paced the squad in rebounds in 21 games.
After graduation, Wright-Nelson signed to play for Valentino Basket Castellaneta in Castellaneta, Italy in July 2016. In the 2016-17 season, Wright-Nelson led his team in scoring and posted double-figure points in every contest. He ranked top 10 in scoring in his rookie season with the team.
As a Jaguar: Wright-Nelson graduated in 2015 and was a four-year starter for Augusta from 2010-2015. He ranks 11th all-time with 660 rebounds, 16th with 1,308 points, and 39th with 74 three points. He was a two-time Peach Belt All-Conference selection and helped the Jaguars reach two NCAA Regionals and four PBC Tournaments during his tenure. Wright-Nelson was named the 2012 PBC Freshman of the Year.
Note: There are multiple levels of tours. The PGA Tour and European Tour are both top-level tours with tournaments in different regions of the world, and professionals strive to become a member of one (or both) tours. Beneath the PGA Tour is the Web.com tour, and under that is the eGolf Tour. Beneath the European Tour is the Challenge Tour, and under that is the EuroPro Tour. We hope this helps you better understand!
Amos took to the PGA EuroPro tour in 2011, posting back-to-back top-30 finishes in The Lingfield Golf Park Championship 2011 (T27) and Network Veka Classic (T28). He placed 15th in the first stage of Q-school before finishing 45th in the final stage.
He jumped to the eGolf tour the next year, topping out with a T-48 finish in the Oldfield Open. In September 2013, he accepted an assistant coaching position with the University of South Florida men’s golf team.
As a Jaguar: Amos competed in the NCAA Championships in 2008, and helped lead his squad to a second-place finish in the NCAA East Regional. He notched his first career collegiate victory at the Mason Rudolph Invitational.
Antcliff turned pro following his senior season in 2015-16. He competes on the Australian PGA Tour and the PGA Tour China.
Booth suffered a shoulder injury in 2011, hampering his chance to build on a successful 2010 campaign that saw him win the First Qualifying State, Section C at Dundonald Links, and card a 281 (-3) for a 54 th place finish in the Roma Golf Open 2010 Presented by REZZA.
He bounced back, however, winning the MarHall.com Scottish Classic on the EuroPro Tour in 2012 and making six cuts on the 2013 Challenge Tour in Europe, including a career-best tie for second in the Swiss Open.
As a Jaguar: Booth competed in back-to-back NCAA Regionals, and won the The Hootie at Bulls Bay Intercollegiate in 2007. He was named an All-American Scholar.
Edin qualified for the Nordic Golf League in 2018 and is competing in Europe.
AS A JAGUAR: Edin was a four-year player from Bro, Sweden. He helped lead Augusta to three conference titles while playing in at least eight events each season.
Elson has played in Europe ever since leaving Augusta, bouncing between the European Tour and the Challenge Tour throughout his professional career. He holed a 40-foot birdie putt to get his European Tour card for the 2012 season in qualifying, and promptly posted his highest-grossing finish to date: A second-place finish in the Joburg Open that netted him $149,500 Euros.
He won his only professional tournament, the 2003 Volvo Finnish Open on the Challenge Tour.
As a Jaguar: Elson was named an All-American twice, once to the second-team and another to the third. He posted ten top-20s, eight top-10s and five top fives in his final year, including a tie for second at the NCAA Championships at Duke University Golf Club.
After winning the individual 2018 NCAA National Championship, Everett turned pro and competed on the Mackenzie Tour – PGA Tour Canada. He also earned an exemption for the 2018 John Deere Classic on the PGA Tour.
AS A JAGUAR: A four-year player for the Jaguars, Everett capped off a stellar career by winning the individual 2018 NCAA National Championship title. He was named an All-American and was an All-American Scholar as a senior in 2017-18. During his time he helped guide Augusta to four MEAC Championships, earned All-Region honors, and matched the low round school record since 1993-94 with a 64.
Floyd spent 2013 and 2014 on the eGolf Tour, finishing the 2013 year with four consecutive top-eight finishes. He advanced to the second stage of qualifying for the Web.com Tour.
As a Jaguar: Floyd battled the flu and tough competition to a 1-1-1 record in the NCAA National Championship, helping the Jags to their first National Title. He went on to become the squad’s No. 1 option his senior season, posting a T-3 finish in their home event before turning pro.
Haas Jr. rode an up-and-down year in 2011, making five of nine cuts on the eGolf Tour. He earned a 25th place finish at the Bolle Classic at Sapona Country Club in June.
He has caddied for his father, Bill Haas, on the PGA Tour since 2011, including in the PGA Championship.
As a Jaguar: Haas enjoyed a run to the NCAA Championships in 2003, shooting a 9-over 236 in the Regionals to finish tied for 36th.
Heath earned his first European Tour card for the 2007 season, making 11 cuts and finishing in a tie for fourth in the TCL Classic. He suffered a setback and dropped back down to the Challenge Tour in 2008, but in 2013 broke through again, winning the second qualifying stage and placing 12th in the final to earn his second full Tour card.
As a Jaguar: Heath tied for seventh individually at the NCAA East Regional at Auburn University Club in 2003 in his lone season here, and finished tied for 42nd in the NCAA Championships.
Jamieson enjoyed a banner year in 2011, posting five top-ten and seven top-15 finishes after earning a promotion to the European Tour the year prior. He then hit the jackpot to begin his 2013 season, winning his first event at the Nelson Mandela Championship, finishing T3 in the Alfred Dunhill Championship, and following with a 2nd-place finish in the Volvo Golf Champions tournament for his largest professional payday of his career. He made the cut in the 2013 PGA Championship, placing in a tie for 29th for his best major finish thus far.
As a Jaguar: Jamieson garnered All-American and NCAA All-Independent Player of the Year honors while firing a team-best 16 rounds of par or better as a senior. He ran off a string of five straight top-13 finishes, won The Hootie at Bulls Bay Intercollegiate, and played on the Palmer Cup team, going 2-2.
Johnson won the Nationwide Tour money title in 2007, winning the Mark Christopher Charity Classic and Nationwide Championship. He made a hole-in-one on a 374-yard par four in the New Zealand Open, the second player in Nationwide Tour history to do, and won a pallet of beer from the tournament sponsor. His best finish on the PGA Tour was a tied for 27th at the Turning Stone Resort Championship.
He retired from golf in 2010.
As a Jaguar: Johnson set the standard for Jaguar golfers, becoming the school’s first All-American as he elevated the program’s status to national prominence.
Kaske struggled in his first few seasons professionally before beginning to make headway in his 2013 season. He competed on the EuroPro Tour, notching a career-best tie for sixth at the Grant Property Investment Championship before making his first Challenge Tour cut at the Finnish Challenge with a T-37 result.
As a Jaguar: Kaske helped the Jaguars to a spot in the top-25, and won The Hootie at Bulls Bay Intercollegiate in 2009. He finished tied for 55th in the 2009 NCAA Regional.
Casey Kennedy announced she would go pro in 2014. After battling through her first year on the Symetra Tour, Kennedy qualified and earned full-tour status on the Symetra Tour after stage three of qualifying. Kennedy is working towards full LPGA tour status.
As a Jaguar: Casey Kennedy competed for the Jaguars from 2010-2014. Kennedy recorded 123 rounds in 43 events played as a Jaguar, with a 74.66 average score. Kennedy shot in the 60s eight times during her tenure, carded par or better 31 times, and won three overall events.
Daughter of William and Ann Kennedy, Casey has four siblings: Christine, Katie, Blair, and Brent. She was born on August 19, 1991 in Maryland.
Kountakis qualified for the Mackenzie Tour – PGA Tour Canada in 2018 and entered into several mini tours across America.
AS A JAGUAR: Kountakis was a two-year player for the Jaguars after transferring in 2015. He was named a Cleveland Golf/Srixon All-America Scholar and earned a starting spot in 2015-16. As a senior in 2016-17, he led Augusta and took seventh at the NCAA Regional after winning the MEAC Championship and taking home the Most Outstanding Player award.
Krywulvcz grabbed two top-20 finishes in his first season on the eGolf Tour before landing consecutive top-five placements in 2012.
He finally broke through in 2013, winning The Sedgefield Classic in May for his first professional victory. He competed in the Web.com qualifying tournament and advanced to the final stage, but fell short of earning full status.
As a Jaguar: Krywulvcz was a key member in winning back-to-back National Championships, scoring victories in both championship matches, including the down-to-the-wire clincher in 2010.
As a Jaguar: Manning earned two All-American selections and shooting an eight-under 208 in the NCAA West Regional. He was the round one clubhouse leader at the 2005 NCAA Championships before finishing fourth individually.
Murphy made his way into the big time in 2000, and enjoyed a career year in 2003 after earning his way back with a 4th-place finish in the Scottish Open for a payday of over 100,000 Euros, his career best. He also made his first major tournament cut, placing 32nd in The 132nd Open Golf Championship.
He enjoyed a lengthy career on the European Tour with 13 top-10 finishes, including finishing tied for third in the 2008 Irish Open and fourth in the 2003 Barclays Scottish Open and earning over two million euros in career earnings on the European Tour.
As a Jaguar: Murphy carded what was then the fifth-best season in school history, tying for 13th in the NCAA East Regional as a freshman with a 73.8 stroke average. He had five top-20 finishes his sophomore season.
Newman struggled initially on the eGolf Tour, failing to make the cut in his first two tournaments before roaring to a fifth-place finish in The Southern Open, shooting a 14-under 27. He carded three other top-50 finishes on the season before retiring from golf to focus on his family.
As a Jaguar: He was part of the back-to-back title teams, dominating in the 2011 final with a 7-and-5 victory after clinching ASU's spot in the final with an extra-hole victory in the semis.
Norlander turned professional after playing the in the 2011 Palmer Cup, heading to the Challenge Tour where he notched three Top-23 finishes in his inaugural season.
In 2013, Norlander found his game, making 13 cuts on the PGA Tour and finishing 15th and 16th in back-to-back tournaments, the Zurich Classic and Wells Fargo Championship, and tacked on a 16th-place finish in the Wydham Championship.
He ran the gauntlet in the 2014 U.S. Open Qualifying, winning his sectional to earn a place in his first major tournament. His opening-round 70 placed him in the top 20 after round one.
As a Jaguar: Norlander was a three-time All-American, won four tournaments, and had a career stroke average below 72. He ended his career ranked 16th nationally.
Park gave up playing on the European Tour in 2009, opting to become the charity executive of the Tour Players Foundation in 2009. His best major finish was 79th in the 2002 Open Championship, and he carded three wins, including the 1999 Compaq European Grand Prix by one shot over David Carter and Retief Goosen.
As a Jaguar: Park started his career hot, winning the Wolfpack Invitational and ended it just as well, winning the Palmetto Invitational and forcing the NCAA to choose between ASU and VCU for the final NCAA Tournament berth.
Petersson returned to Europe after his collegiate career. He qualified for the Nordic Golf League and was ranked top 20 in Summer 2018.
AS A JAGUAR: Petersson played for Augusta for all four years and started in all but one event as a freshman. He won the MEAC Championship individual title to earn Most Outstanding Player as a junior in 2014-15. He was named All-Region after his senior year and received All-American honorable mention honors.
Now a steady threat on the PGA Tour, Reed won The Masters in 2018 at 15-under-par to hold off fellow Americans Rickie Fowler and Jordan Spieth. He has six wins on tour and one on the European Tour. His best finishes in major championships were first at the 2018 Masters, tied for 2nd in the 2017 PGA Championship, tied for 12th in 2016 The Open Championship, tied for 13th at the 2017 U.S. Open, and tied for 22nd at The Masters in 2015.
Reed showed potential on Tour early, making the cut in two PGA Tour events before earning his Tour card in 2012 Q-school. He compiled a 3-0-1 record to lead the United States in the 2014 Ryder cup for points earned, and stood as the only American without a loss on his record once the competition was over. Reed also qualified for the year-end FedEx Cup.
In early 2015, Reed notched his fourth career PGA Tour victory in the Hyundai Tournament of Champions, joining Tiger Woods, Rory McIlroy, Sergio Garcia, and Phil Mickelson as the only golfers since 1991 to win four times before turning 25 years old. He qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympic Games to represent Team USA in Riode Janeiro, Brazil.
Smith had a banner year in 1996, notching two top-five finishes to go with his 1992 Ben Hogan Permian Basin Open victory (which is now known as the WNB Golf Classic).
He is best known for being disqualified in the Walt Disney World/Oldsmobile Classic for having the grips on his long putter too close together, breaking a little-known PGA Tour rule. The disqualification prevented him from playing in a playoff against Tiger Woods, giving Woods his second career victory.
Smith passed away in 2007 at the age of 40 in his home in Texas, but will always be remembered for interjecting the phrase 'Can you believe it?' throughout conversation.
Taylor began playing on the PGA Tour full-time in 2004, and has carded two wins (2004/2005 Reno-Tahoe Open), eight top-three finishes, and 28 top-ten results. He led on day three of the 2007 Masters, winding up tied for tenth in a career-best major finish.
In 2013, he had a solid three-week stretch that netted finishes of T-25, T-14, and T-21 on the PGA Tour as he finished No. 155 in the FedEx cup standings, and he has also participated in Web.com Tour events. He finished tied for 10th in the Wells Fargo Championship after getting in the field as a Monday qualifier.
As a Jaguar: Taylor earned honorable mention All-America honors as a senior, carding ten top-20 finishes. He led the team to two NCAA Championship appearances, and three NCAA Regionals, including a No. 15 ranking in 1998. He capped his career with a 71.62 stroke average, a school record at the time.
Wennstam turned pro in June 2014 after a four-year career in Augusta. He joined the PGA of Sweden and started his career on both the Nordea Tour and the Nordea Futures Tour. In Fall 2017, Wennstam announced plans to compete in the European Challenge Tour.
As a Jaguar: A four-year player from 2010-14, Wennstam competed in 36 total tournament and logged 105 rounds of play. He finished with a 74.50 stroke average and shot in the 60s 10 times with a round of 66. He was named an All-American Scholar in 2013 and 2014 and he reached the NCAA Regional all four years, competing as an individual in 2013 and 2014. Wennstam was also a member of the 2011 NCAA National Championship team.
Following a solid Jaguar career, Wille turned professional and immediately found success by winning her first tournament, the Nordea Tour's Frontwalker Ladies Open. She went on to finish first in the Tour’s 2014 rankings.
As a Jaguar: Wille enjoyed consistent play, notching double-digit top-20 finishes, including one victory and carding the second-lowest stroke play average score in school history. She helped the squad to two NCAA Postseason appearances, marking her as a building block for a program creating a strong national presence.
Wilson headed for the Challenge Tour in Europe out of college in 2004 and earned his first European Tour card the next year. His first major tournament berth was the 2006 U.S. Open, and two years later he placed tied for 36th in the U.S. Open. On Sunday, Oct. 5 he outlasted number-one ranked Rory McIlroy at the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship by one stroke to win his first event on the European Tour.
He has enjoyed professional success, with nine second-place finishes on tour. In 2009, he finished 24th in The 138th Open Championship, marking his best major championship finish in what became a banner year with three top-11 finishes on the PGA Tour. He scored an epic comeback in the 2008 Ryder Cup, roaring back with Henrik Stenson to come back from four down and beat the team of Phil Mickelson and Anthony Kim 2 and 1.
As a Jaguar: Wilson put together one of the best careers in school history his senior year, earning four wins, 14 top-5s, and 30 top-20 results. He became the first three-time All-American in school history, and was the No. 1 ranked golfer in the nation for a two-week span before settling for a final ranking of No. 11. He competed in the Walker and Palmer Cups for Britain, winning both. | 2019-04-24T06:23:04Z | https://aug.prestosports.com/information/jags-pros |
AN INSTALLATION BY GAITHER STEWARTThe massive exodus of peoples from Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia to Europe as a result of worldwide American-inspired hegemonic wars has catapulted the sub-continent of Europe into ethnic, economic and moral chaos. While Europe tries to cope with millions of refugees and asylum seekers knocking on its doors, the United States and its fundamentalist allies force more peoples to flee because of their present wars in the Middle East against Syria and Iraq, with Iran and Russia in their sights, and China and the world at large in America’s mad vision. The outcome of today’s battles will reshape Europe geographically, demographically and morally as a result of the on-going hybrid struggle for geopolitical universal control by the USA and security for many peoples of the world.
Multiculturalism is defined as the phenomenon of multiple groups of cultures living together within one society, as the result of the arrival of immigrants, or the acceptance and advocation of this phenomenon. Supporters of multiculturalism believe that different traditions and cultures can live together and enrich society; however, today, the concept is under fire to the point where the term “multiculturalism” is used more by critics than by supporters.
Multiculturalism as such occurs when a society accepts the culture of immigrants who, ideally, should also accept the culture of the land to which they have come. In general we refer here to the multiculturalism which is endorsed and actively encouraged by the government, thus becoming a sort of “state multiculturalism”. A society transformed by mass immigration into a society that is less insular, more vibrant and more cosmopolitan, is positive. However, the positive becomes negative and unmanageable when state (political) multiculturalism aims at managing diversity by ghettoization, putting people into ethnic boxes and defining their needs and rights by virtue of their boxes. At that point, the story changes.
Critics claim that multiculturalism promotes a tolerance of moral relativism and results in a loss of national identity. There is also the unfortunate reality that some cultures simply don’t mix, and multiculturalism sometimes leads to the development of embittered outsider subcultures. Multiculturalism is paradoxical in that it is itself a cultural value, especially to Western culture, while many cultures are in practice intolerant of other cultures.
A key debate in European social policy is that between multiculturalism and assimilationism … the melting pot idea. French ‘assimilationist’ policies are generally seen as the polar opposite of British-style multiculturalism. French leaders pride themselves in having rejected the divisive consequences of multiculturalism. Unlike in the rest of Europe, they insist, in France every individual is treated as a citizen, not as a member of a particular racial or cultural group, which is a patently false claim, demonstrated by the violent uprisings of subcultures in the northern periphery of Paris.
Thirty years ago, many Europeans saw multiculturalism as an answer to Europe’s social problems: renewal, demographic growth in an ageing society, fresh and necessary labor forces, perhaps even colored by a broader view of cosmopolitanism. Today, a growing number of nations of an expanding Europe—a Europe that however counts less and less on the world stage—consider it to be a cause of their social problems. That perception has led some mainstream politicians, including British Prime Minister David Cameron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, to publicly denounce multiculturalism and speak out against its dangers. It has moreover fueled the success of far-right parties and populist politicians across Europe, from the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands to the National Front of Marine Le Pen in France. And in the most extreme cases, it has inspired extreme acts of violence, such as Anders Behring Breivik’s homicidal rampage on the Norwegian island of Utoya in July 2011.
According to multiculturalism’s critics, Europe has allowed excessive immigration without demanding enough integration—a mismatch that has eroded social cohesion, undermined national identities, and degraded public trust. Multiculturalism’s proponents, on the other hand, counter that the problem is not too much diversity but too much racism.
But the truth about multiculturalism is far more complex than either side will allow, and the debate about it often devolves into all kinds of sophistry. Multiculturalism has become a mere proxy for other social and political issues: immigration policies, national identity, political disenchantment, working-class decline. Different countries, moreover, have followed distinct paths. The United Kingdom has sought to give various ethnic communities an equal stake in the political system. Germany has encouraged immigrants to pursue separate lives in lieu of granting them citizenship.
The question of French social policy and of social divisions has come sharply into focus in the wake of the recent terrorist attacks in Paris. Assimilationists have long held multiculturalists policies responsible for nurturing ‘homegrown’ jihadists in Britain. Now, they are forced to answer why such terrorism has been nurtured in assimilationist France, too. In reality, all that those perplexed sociologists had to do was visit on foot the northern periphery of Paris as in St. Denis to find the answers: underdevelopment, neglect, absence of legality. France’s close historical relationship with the Maghreb determined its preference for assimilationsim policies. The Algerians were there, French citizens. Despite the ferocity of the separation of Mother France and Algeria, the relationship survived and influenced French relationship with others, from Morocco to Tunis. Go to the Chateau Rouge quarter adjacent to Montmartre in Paris and meet them, or listen to a new recording of modernized RAI folk music, with pianos and other Western instruments and songs sung in Arabic with a French accent and you will hear the results of failed assimilationism..So you must distinguish between diversity or resemblances as lived experiences and multiculturalism as a political process: The experience of living in “a society that is less insular, more vibrant and more cosmopolitan” is of course something to welcome and cherish. It is a case for cultural diversity, mass immigration, open borders and open minds. As a political process, however, multiculturalism means something very different. On the one hand, it has allowed the political right–and not just the right– to blame mass immigration for the failures of social policy and to turn minorities into the problem. On the other hand, it has forced many traditional liberals and radicals to abandon classical notions of liberty, such as an attachment to free speech, in the name of defending diversity. That is why it has come to seem critical to separate these two notions of multiculturalism, to defend diversity as lived experience – and all that goes with it, such as mass immigration and cultural openness – but to oppose multiculturalism as a political process.
“Under the doctrine of state multiculturalism, we have encouraged different cultures to live separate lives, apart from each other and apart from the mainstream. We’ve failed to provide a vision of society to which they feel they want to belong. We’ve even tolerated these segregated communities behaving in ways that run completely counter to our values. So, when a white person holds objectionable views, racist views for instance, we rightly condemn them. But when equally unacceptable views or practices come from someone who isn’t white, we’ve been too cautious frankly– frankly, even fearful–to stand up to them. The failure, for instance, of some to confront the horrors of forced marriage, the practice where some young girls are bullied and sometimes taken abroad to marry someone when they don’t want to, is a case in point. This hands-off tolerance has only served to reinforce the sense that not enough is shared. And this all leaves some young Muslims feeling rootless. And the search for something to belong to and something to believe in can lead them to this extremist ideology. Now for sure, they don’t turn into terrorists overnight, but what we see–and what we see in so many European countries–is a process of radicalisation.
Today’s mass migrations of peoples—literally flights from war and oppression caused by new forms of neo-colonialism and hybrid wars conducted by the U.S.-led West has no relationship with classical immigration. Conservatives and right-wingers even reject the use of the word refugees to describe the man, wife and three children who risk death on the dangerous waters of the Mediterranean Sea to escape the bombs dropped by aircraft of the countries to which they are fleeing to. Multiculturalism or monoculture are not on refugee minds, although in the best of circumstances they hope for work, some form of assimilation, a decent social life, and a future for their children. I wager there is little awareness today of the old dream image of what was once called the melting pot of “America”, when every new immigrant tried to be more American than eight-generation Americans.
Italy, where I have lived for several decades, was until recently an emigration country. Italians and people of recent Italian abstraction abroad outnumber Italians in the homeland. If in the 1970s under 200,000 non- European foreigners lived in Italy, today Italy hosts five million! Italy had little experience with real immigrants. Italians once thought of themselves as non-racists. However, since today’s massive migrations of refugees began (and even though Italy is chiefly a transit country), the irrepressible arrival of masses of refugees entailing the presence of different cultures and religions, Italians have faced the fact that racism exists also here. Italy has had specific difficulties in even acknowledging the new cultural pluralism brought by refugees. In the more recent context of social and cultural change in Europe, Italian society is also going through a phase characterized by reactive identities and cultural conflicts, coupled with a dramatically ageing population and low birth rate, (while its well-educated youth is moving elsewhere—Germany, UK, the USA—in search of employment commensurate with their capabilities). Italians too are producing a diffused anti-multiculturalist opinion, even though multiculturalist policies have not been openly implemented. Thus, on the one hand, the situation in Italy has so far prevented a radical perception of cultural and religious differences, particularly concerning Islam. But on the other hand, positive actions in favor of migrants can also be observed, especially at the local level, attributable to a great extent by the inherent hospitable nature of Latin peoples, while at the same time providing fertile terrain for brutal exploitation of cheap labor among illegals. Rome too has its China town and ghettos of African peoples. At the same time, there are also many longtime, well-integrated Somalis, Eritreans, Ethiopians and Egyptians and a major, beautiful mosque in a plush urban area of Rome. Legal immigrants of earlier periods, many of whom are today integrated, are an absolute necessity in north Italian industries where a labor shortage exists. However, even there the transfer of industrial concerns abroad because of cheaper labor and lower taxes, to Romania and elsewhere in East Europe, and the increasing use of robots and machines for the work of man on assembly lines have more or less stabilized industrial labor supply and demand. Yet Italy has still not passed laws based on ius soli granting citizenship to children of immigrants born in Italy; the principle of ius sanguinis (citizenship requires that one parent be Italian) still governs. The ius sanguinis requirement still prevails in most of Europe, except France.
In a speech on Dec. 14, 2015 in Karlsruhe, a city dominated by the refugee crisis, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that multiculturalism in Germany remains “a lie,” telling immigrants to “obey our laws, values and traditions.” Germany’s refugee policy had attracted praise from all over the world. Time magazine and the Financial Times newspaper recently named Chancellor Merkel Person of the Year, while one thousand Christian Democratic Party delegates applauded her for so long at her party’s convention that she had to stop them.
Richard Noack, writing from Europe, remarked that the speech that followed must have surprised supporters of her policies: “Multiculturalism leads to parallel societies and therefore remains a ‘life lie,’ ” or a sham, she said, before adding that Germany may be reaching its limits in terms of accepting more refugees. “The challenge is immense,” she said. “We will reduce the number of refugees noticeably.” Merkel was repeating a sentiment she first voiced several years ago when she said that multiculturalism in Germany had “utterly failed. The tendency had been to say, ‘Let’s adopt the multicultural concept and live happily side by side, and be happy to be living with each other.’ But this concept has failed, and failed utterly,” she said already in 2010.
The fact is, Germans have grown increasingly weary of the influx of refugees. Newcomers, Merkel stressed, should assimilate German values and culture, and respect the country’s laws. She emphasizes today that despite her commitment to limit the influx of refugees, she was standing by her decision to open the borders earlier this fall. “It is a historical test for Europe,” she said, adding that other countries in Europe should accept more refugees to take some of the burden off Germany. Refugees in need should be helped, she said, but she also suggested that not everyone who has come to Germany fulfilled “refugee” criteria. German authorities are expected to ramp up deportations in the coming months.
Although Merkel’s party, the Christian Democratic Union, overwhelmingly approved her refugee policy. her comments reflect a particular understanding of assimilation. Many Germans expect immigrants to quickly learn the German language and to contribute to their communities and work life.
Multiculturalism usually has a positive connotation in Germany, but to Merkel it has come to symbolize the emergence of isolated societies within Germany— and ultimately a failure of assimilating immigrants. Her policy toward the issue is supposed to avoid the creation of suburbs such as the areas around Paris where young immigrants are isolated from the rest of society. However, her Karlsruhe speech came at a sensitive time. Germany has opened its borders to approximately one million refugees this year, many of whom are still being accommodated in makeshift housing. Fights have broken out in multiple reception centers, raising fears about the country’s ability to deal with the influx. Local disputes have caused tensions in national politics as well. Last year, Germany’s influential Christian Social Union (the party of Bavaria in the South) made the ridiculous proposal that everyone in Germany should be required to speak German “in public and in private with their families.” The public backlash forced the party to retract the draft resolution.
Compared to 2010, when Merkel first voiced her criticism of multiculturalism, there was little reaction this time. The applause following her speech lasted nine minutes and again had to be interrupted by Merkel. The reality is that post-WW II Germany has never intended assimilation and eventual citizenship for immigrants. At war’s end, of Germany pre-war male population of 38 million, an estimated 5.3 million were dead and missing, plus a half million in Soviet prison camps and an incalculable number of disabled. A generation of working age males was lost. Germany needed manpower to re-open the factories and build public housing. The German term Gastarbeiter (Guest worker) became an all-European word, as besides Turks, Italians, Yugoslavs, Greeks et al arrived in waves. The many millions were never considered immigrants, nor did they consider themselves immigrants; they were Gastarbeiter. Germany was like one great cultural, demographic experiment. Special (slow) trains were organized to transport Gastarbeiter to Italy for holidays. However, some of the guest workers remained in Germany, opening the first ethnic restaurants, introducing food specialties from their native countries in a splurge of spontaneous multiculturalism. I personally remember the first French restaurant in Frankfurt and the first Turkish restaurant in Munich, while Germany like the USA was flooded with Italian restaurants and pizzerias.
It seems an irony that the birth of the European Union (EU), emerging from the Economic European Community (EEC) of 1951, a social union of peoples, has both supported a limited and different kind of multiculturalism and at the same time made the concept obsolete. The EU has deviated the multicultural idea into a loose union of ethnic member groups which enjoy free movement from one nation to another, peoples who often assimilate quite well into a foreign culture and language, but who continue to feel first Italian, then European; first French, then European. The idea of a single “European” culture into which Europeans and non- Europeans would integrate for better or worse in unrealistic. EU founders instead had hoped for a stronger union, a federation of states resembling the USA in its original form.
For many years, the official credo of the Dutch government regarding immigration was multiculturalism, an approach that fitted well with Dutch history and culture. Multiculturalism is affiliated with a postmodern outlook. The pivotal ideas of this vision of life are relativism (cultural relativism, in particular), a negative attitude toward Western political tradition, the cultivation of collective guilt for the transgressions of the colonial past, and other real or presumed black pages in Western history.
For multiculturalists, European civilization has been fundamentally on the wrong track since the Enlightenment. The Holocaust, Nazism, communism, slavery – these are seen not as deviations from the generally benign development of Western culture but as inevitable products of the European mind, which is inherently oppressive.
Multiculturalists also reject the universality of Enlightenment ideas of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, viewing them instead as isolated preoccupations of no universal appeal. It is preposterous and a manifestation of cultural arrogance, in this view, to invade foreign countries to export democracy and other Western ideals; it is likewise ridiculous to expect that religious and ethnic minorities in Western societies should be expected to adopt these ideas and integrate into liberal democracy. Minorities should live according to their own customs; and, insofar as national culture is at variance with non-Western ideas, the national culture should adapt itself to new conditions. This attitude has grave consequences for the way liberal society is organized. Think of the principle of free speech. The answer of postmodern cultural relativism is: refrain from criticism. Be reticent to comment on unfamiliar religions. Let reform come from within and avoid provocation and polarization.
(Such attitudes), it seems to me, would make Western societies very vulnerable to the ideological challenge that religious terrorism poses. Liberal democracy, with its institutions of free speech is, not necessarily better than alternatives. The only thing that the postmodernist wants to argue against is evangelical zeal.
…. Islamists are radical in the sense that they do not shy away from radical interpretations of their holy scripture. If scripture calls for the death of unbelievers and apostates, the true believer should not shy away from fulfilling the will of God and killing the unbelievers and apostates, in particular if they have committed the crime of blasphemy.… both radical parties believe in universal values. Both parties believe they are struggling for a righteous cause and for that very reason are not relativists. So both are fundamentalists.
… of course, every judicious writer would feel uncomfortable with this silly exercise in semantics. Are these two positions really “the same”? Is someone who is a warrior with the pen really the same as someone who conducts his war by killing people and decapitating them? Both Chamberlain and Hitler had moustaches, but it would be absurd to attribute any significance to this similarity. Of course, both radical Islam and radical Enlightenment are “radical,” but that does not make them anymore the same than a radical plan to alleviate hunger and suffering in the world is really the same as a radical plan to eradicate the Jews or any other ethnic or religious minority from this world.
Finally, it may be true that radical Islamists believe, as do adherents of the Enlightenment, in “universal values.” But so did Immanuel Kant … Most moral philosophers believe in universal values. That does not make Kant (a) “fundamentalist.” The Universal Declaration of Human Rights presented by the United Nations in 1948 is also a “universal creed.” The United Nations proclaims this list of human rights as a “common standard of achievement.” That does not make the United Nations an assembly of fundamentalists or dangerous terrorists. Or are they, in the eyes of postmodernist critics of modernity?
The reasonings of Buruma and other postmodern relativists have preposterous consequences, but these consequences logically flow from the postmodern outlook. Buruma also plays with the word purity. He writes that “the promised purity of Islamism” is not really different from “radical Enlightenment.” That would imply that Sayyid Qutb, the ideologue of radical Islam, would not be so different from the godfather of “radical Enlightenment,” Baruch de Spinoza.
…. this relativistic—or rather, nihilistic—position … makes Western societies easy prey for the ideology of radical Islamism. If Western societies think they have no core values important enough to fight for (by peaceful means), then there is no reason for immigrant minorities to accept them. If the dominant ideology in Western societies is that democracy, the rule of law, and human rights have no specific quality that makes them superior to theocracy, dictatorship, and authoritarianism, there is no need to oppose the radical assault directed at Western democracies by the teachers of hate. Postmodern-value relativists not only deny the superior quality of Western values but even contest that people may defend those values against the assault that is being made on them. Demonizing every criticism on religious mentalities as “polarizing” and “provocation” denies even the right to defend democratic institutions. That would be a suicidal position.
What remains a mystery is why many intelligent people stick to the postmodern frame of mind, even though so many intelligent writers—Terry Eagleton and John Searle, to name just two—have thoroughly deconstructed its tenets. I think this has to do with the postmodernist conviction that an attitude that they see as relativistic and pragmatic would help in the struggle against religious terrorism. They hope that, if we abstain from radical criticism of the terrorist mindset, we can pacify the most radical elements. This is a great delusion….
Paul Cliteur is a professor of jurisprudence at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands.
This article is a shortened version(and again cut by me) of the original which was published in the Free Inquiry. February/March 2006 edition and on the website of the Council for Secular Humanism.
The following short story, sketched out in a café in the Turkish district of Rotterdam in 1979 reveals some of the widely varying reactions of immigrant Turks themselves to acclimatization (or refusal to acclimatize) in Europe, i.e. the effect on the moral values on the private life of individuals transplanted in a radically foreign society.
His dark face projected toward the rain-blurred windshield, Ibrahim’s body was unusually stiff and erect. The powerful windshield wipers slashed relentlessly but ineffectively at the unyielding rain while the constant splash from the intense traffic on the four-lane highway isolated the big car in a cloud of impenetrable muddy spray against the walls of which his headlights seemed to ricochet back into his eyes.-Just what I needed—he thought—this blinding rain in this indecipherable land. It’s hard enough just finding my way into The Hague. But then, everything has gone wrong since they arrived, finally, for their first visit from the homeland.- The others had fallen silent, hypnotized by the night rain, the methodical slapping of the wipers, and now the regular flashing of the city lights in the distance.
Ibrahim had been too agitated. Too confused about his own identity. Father was always calm; he had that quality, something from the earth he had always worked. He knew who he was. Mother was passive, like always … and tired. Neither parent showed any reaction to their duplex upper house so richly furnished but overdone with the bizarre mixture of their Turkish with the Dutch influences Sofia had added. Father had ignored the plants and flowers but examined with an expert eye the Turkish carpets, after which he stared unseeing and without comment through the huge and never covered front windows through which passing strangers on the street could see right into their house, as if there was never anything to hide in this house! Bewilderment then filled Father’s eyes when the children, straining to comprehend his speech, could find no Turkish words to answer their strange grandparents from the East. “They are of your blood, Father,” Ibrahim said. “Yes, my son, of my blood, but today blood counts for less, for much less in your world.”“What do you mean, in my world? My world is your world, and that of your father, and your father’s father. And there are tens of thousands of your sons right here in Rotterdam, Father … we are still your sons.” “I wonder about that,” Father had said.
“That is what I mean to say,” Father said, and languidly and with punctilious precision dipped his fingers into the glass of water and dried each one separately with the white linen napkin. Sofia watched the procedure and frowned. Wondering if he should do that she started to say something until she caught Ibrahim’s unspoken warning. Ibrahim caught the waiter’s ugly smile and wondered what it was all about. “Now he’s openly laughing at us!” he said anyway.
The knuckles of Ibrahim’s hands were white as he clenched and unclenched the wooden steering wheel, one of the things he most loved in his car. His lips worked and his Adam’s apple bobbed as he swallowed nervously. From time to time he exaled an audible sigh.
Our family’s honor is at stake, I can’t even face my friends as long as that Turan is here. No, this can not go on any longer. Our village is better. Izmir is better. I’ll take the children, take Sofia too. But Turan … the blood-sucker Turan, the … seducer of married women, he must go. Turan must die.
Then he hesitated, frowned as he looked down at the pale blue beads wound around the fingers of both his hands and then at the small crumbled figure lying at the foot of the bar, and said in a voice louder than usual: “Actually, he just made two mistakes. He married the wrong woman and he should have stayed at home. But … any of us can make the same mistakes. | 2019-04-21T12:17:36Z | http://www.puntopress.com/2016/05/06/the-great-migration-of-peoples-and-multiculturalism/ |
Reviews and feedback from clients on the 2 day Aoraki/Mt. Cook Trek and 3 day Ball Pass Summit Trek and Ball Pass Crossing.
" The early November trek up to Caroline Hut was absolutely fantastic! Although challenging, the trek was truly rewarding and I learned a great deal to add to my basic mountaineering skills. I have our guide, Bia, to thank for this experience. Not only was she very professional, knowledgeable, and highly competent, she managed our skill ability exceedingly well. "
- K. Harris, USA. Feb 2017.
"My husband and I were extremely happy with our trip to the Caroline Hut. Our guide, Bia, was outstanding in so many ways. She was encouraging, supportive, enthusiastic, and showed a genuine interest in ensuring we enjoyed the trip. We had never spend a night in a hut and really enjoyed the experience. The hut was wonderful and the meal Bia cooked us was excellent. We had also never used crampons and ice axes and had fun learning new skills."
- R. & J. Gagnon, Canada. Dec 2016.
"Great all-round package, and an exciting trip. Ewan and Jono were brilliant, they were personable, exuded professional competence, had fantastic tips and advice, and were a pleasure to spend time with. For some of our party, having access to borrowed equipment was very helpful."
- Simon Prentice, Manager, Sovereign, NZ. March 2016.
"Id like to say well done to the Team at AR, I am overwhelmed with the whole experience. Thank you all for the trip and big thanks to Tom (our guide), I enjoyed his company and appreciate the way he was always focused on us. As a business owner I'd also like to say to the owners of AR, you should be proud this business as it offers life time experiences that customers NEVER forget and there is not many businesses that can say that.
Will I be back again? Without a doubt. Well done and many thanks."
- M. Adshead, Australia. March 2016.
"The trek exceeded expectation in the skills learnt, the views, the weather, the people. The guides were extremely knowledgeable, and gave confidence to the group in what was for some an unfamiliar Alpine environment with unfamiliar equipment (crampons, ice picks, harnesses). The three days were well divided, allowing a good balance between trekking and resting and skill work and enjoying the mountains. The Caroline hut was fantastic. Well stocked in supplies, and allowed for a good night sleep. I would definitely recommend the Ball Pass and Alpine Recreation to anyone interested in this style of trip."
- T. Thompson, Australia. December 2015.
"The overall immersive quality of the experience was exceptional - from the 4wd ride to the start of the track, to the walking, to the food, to the information provided by the guides along the way, to the drive back to Tekapo. The dynamic between us - the clients - as well as the guides felt like a group of friends or whanau on a trip together to a warm, homely family bach. I felt thoroughly welcome and included by your guides. They were also attentive to the needs of each individual party member and the absolute safety of the party at all times. Thank you so much for this utter privilege!"
- T. Low, New Zealand. April 2015.
"The relaxed, patient, warm, friendly style of guiding was superb. It was my first guided trip, and a great insight into the benefits it offers both newcomers and experienced trampers alike. I really enjoyed chatting to Elke and Paul about their decision-making processes, weather-prediction, technical tips, plant-lore and stories from the hills. And the food was phenomenal (especially coming off the back of months of long-distance ultralight trips!)."
- N. Low, New Zealand. April 2015.
"Extremely professional organisation and the guide was very informative, knowlegeable, and personable."
- S. Boazman, Ireland. January 2014.
"I was exceptionally impressed with your guide Martin on this trek, in a challenging environment his attention to detail, our safety, and passing on knowledge of the surrounding areas were outstanding. At all times on this trek my wife and I felt well attended to and safe which enabled us to thoroughly enjoy the trek and the mt cook mountain range. Please pass on my thanks..."
- J. Hayes, Sydney. April 2014.
"Ball Pass was by far the best hike myself and partner have done to date. You can expect to be physically and mentally challenged as it is no walk in the park and you must be focused on what you're doing at all times. The Caroline hut is nice and cosy and you couldn't ask for a better place to kick your boots off each night and enjoy great company and good wholesome food. Our guide Jane was fantastic and we knew we were in safe hands at all times with her depth of experience and her willingness to teach us some great new skills. I enjoyed the hike that much it felt like the opportune time to propose to my now fiancé with the Caroline face as our spectacular back drop and some inquisitive Kea parrots as my audience."
- P. Sinclair, Australia. February 2014.
"I think the whole package is exceptional. You do a brilliant job, it's a great trip, and the guides were fantastic."
- B. Osborne, New Zealand. January 2014.
"I was impressed with the level of detail on the preparatory material. Clearly that process has been refined with care through feedback from responsible guides over the years. Next, I felt the private hut aspect was something very unique to the experience you offer. I felt I was a guest at your home. Next, I thought Elke was exceptionally professional. Aside from the obviously strong knowledge of the conditions & environment, I personally thought her strength was to judge the clients and the level of interaction each one wanted. I thought she also handled the situation with my friend, exceptionally well - she had one message that she delivered without repetition and in a way that motivated him the most. Overall, a lot of these strengths tie back into the fact that this is a family business and people involved truly care. And it shows. Thanks for the memorable experience and wish you the best. I will certainly not fail to recommend your company to anyone I know planning a trip to your beautiful country."
- S. Pandiarajan, USA. January 2014.
"I just wanted to jot you a note and thank you once again for the fantastic guiding experience that Alpine Recreation provided our team. The guys are still raving about it - with some describing the trip as being one of those "bucket list" experiences!! I know that we were all a bit sore on Thursday night, but after a great soak in the hot pools and a hot meal we were as happy as I've ever seen the team. I couldn't praise Alpine Recreation more for the absolute professionalism and commitment you showed to our team. As I said in my speech at the end, we talk a lot about leadership at Sanitarium - and both Elke and Martin demonstrated what it means to be a true leader - in spades! I would have no hesitation to recommend this trip to other (fit) executive teams - and my personal view is that it is first rate team building exercise. Thanks again for a wonderful and safe trip, and for wonderful memories of the Mt Cook National Park, Ball Pass, and the Caroline Hut experience!"
- Todd Saunders, General Manager, Sanitarium, Australia. February 2013.
"Caroline Hut is in a sublime location and I enjoyed the awe inspiring views of the Caroline Face and Mt Tasman. I will be back for another adventure!"
- C. Lambert, Hastings, NZ. February 2013.
"I enjoyed the trip with you a lot!!!! It was fantastic – one of my NZ highlights! Ewan was a very competent guide, a superb cook, good company and an excellent photographer ;-), the hut was cosy, clean and spectacularly located, the weather couldn't have been better and the trek was just amazing!! An unforgettable experience! I thoroughly enjoyed it! Thank you very much! Thanks as well for the beautiful greeting cards I got at the end of the trip!"
- C. Riisch, Switzerland. January 2013.
"Reflecting on your website description for Ball Pass Crossing, I certainly felt your description of the climb to be neither over or understated. It was challenging physically, and at times mentally, which was what I came for. And what a privilege to be able to do it in the environment of Mt. Cook and the Caroline Face. I found the hut very comfortable, well maintained and clean, a very welcome refuge after a days climbing. Ewan looked after us very well, keeping us informed at all times, and very aware about what was required to have us be tested, while doing good predictions from a safety perspective. I felt very confident around accepting direction from him, which from me is no small praise. Living in a world where mediocrity it too readily accepted as the norm, I came away with the feeling that my experience in your care was a very good one. A nice, no fuss professionalism. I am very grateful that you make this experience possible. Minimise the risk, but let us not stifle it."
- D. MacDonald, New Zealand. November 2012.
"Thank you for one of the best adventures I have ever had. It was beautiful and tough at the same time,and I had an absolute ball"
- A. Moras, Australia. April 2012.
"I can't recommend it highly enough as myself and Scott loved every minute. Every aspect of the trek including gear provisions, accommodation in the well maintained private Caroline hut, meals and trek routes were of the highest quality. Our guides Elke and Gary are highly experienced and their pleasant and relaxed nature made the trek very enjoyable. The Caroline hut is situated on a protected ridge at approx 1800m looking straight onto the Caroline face of Mt Cook which is a spectacular backdrop. Consistent avalanches and the associated thunder made it a unique experience. The other side features the Tasman Glacier which we were situated well above giving fantastic views. The Ball Pass requires a climb to 2100m and features snow and glacier crossings. In the 3 days we didn't see any other trekking partys so it was a great remote experience and highly recommend to anyone considering."
- P. Horton, Australia. January 2012.
"I had an absolutely fantastic time on the trip and have nothing but positive things to say about you guys to the people I meet. I was extremely impressed by how our guide both explained and took steps to limit danger while on the trip. Given the nature of my work over here in Australia as a geologist, I was very happy to see the level of professionalism you guys had with regards to safety."
-N. Fenney, Australia. April 2011.
Reviews and feedback from clients on the 2 and 3 day Tekapo Treks.
"The trip sounded good from the info but actually the trip exceeded all my expectations when I did it?the professionalism, knowledge and friendliness of the company and the guides. The warm welcoming hospitality. Real connection to the land. The hut is well appointed and we were always careful to be environmentally conscious. It was a perfect trip. Based on the online information I was very excited and impressed by the quality of your company. I think I watched some of the videos on the site, which were great. And the photos. Both those things were really helpful."
- V. Fransisca, Sydney. Nov. 2015.
"Weather is amazing, beautiful, stunning and the views and scenery even better! Was about a 7 hour round trip to BZ (Beuzenberg) Peak, drowned our faces in the stream, followed by a cup of tea and a glass of wine! What more can one want!"
- S. and I. Kremenskiy, Russia, Norway and New York. February 2015.
"We did the Lake Tekapo trek, our guide Gideon showed exceptional skill in identifying where our strengths/weaknesses were and walked us based on that and tested our skills at times. He read our needs and abilities very well. We liked the size of the groups and were especially impressed that you were still prepared to take us on our trek even though there were only the 2 of us booked in the end. There's also a warm personal feel about the group and your approach to business which we especially liked, integrity is the word I immediately thought."
- G. Buch, Australia, January 2015.
""An absolutely stunning walk. We enjoyed the ever changing colours and moods of Lake Tekapo. We were lucky to have .. awesome views Silberhorn, Tasman and Aoraki. This was my daughter's (Grace, age 10) first overnight hike and her first experience of snow; a lovely challenge for our party of 3 generations. Unique, picturesque; we enjoyed the experience, the vistas, the tussock grass and the solitude.""
- Three Generations, Adelaide. November 2014.
"Stunning scenery, wonderful food,amazing night vista and Stella our guide is a star!"
- Family of five, Auckland, April 2012.
"It's the silence and space...two elusive acquisitons"
- L. O'Keef, Australia, January 2012.
"Paysages magnifiques depuis les différents pics. En espérant que nos photos sauront restituer un peu la magie des lieux."
- Once Upon a Trip Group, France, January 2012.
"Beautiful, two days trek...good weather, amazing colours, very quiet place, a "must" for hikers."
- R. Marion, Terres d'Aventure, France, March 2011.
Reviews and feedback from clients on our snowshoeing tours.
"Another top trip with Alpine Recreation. Our original destination, Caroline Hut, was not accessible due to avalanche danger on the road in. Although we were initially disappointed, the change of venue turned out to be an excellent alternative. Superb mountain terrain and two huts full of character and history - Memorial Hut with its rustic charm and the delights of cooking over an open fire, which also gave us wonderful warmth; and Lady Emily Hut, located about 600m higher in an atmospheric position on a ridge, with peaks leaping up on all sides and the ground diving away in between – spectacular!
Highlight of the trip was snowshoeing further up the steep valley on the second day – mountains towering all around and a perfectly sunny day; magical white-and-blue landscape. Snow conditions gave us a good workout, from heavy-going on the valley floor to crisp and steep on ridges + some exciting technical sections – all enjoyable and very rewarding.
We were in good hands with Peter, who patiently waited for stragglers (us), cooked delicious meals and was all-round very professional. We felt safe at all times and appreciated Peter's breaking ground in very testing conditions on the valley floor, and filling us in on local history + firsthand accounts of deer hunting. A bonus on the last day was dropping in to Mount John and the Observatory Café with hot drinks all round – thanks, Peter! A super trip – 3 days weren't enough to explore these magnificent mountains and we would happily return for more snowshoeing here and a chance to experience further the history and culture of the high country."
- I. Bruce and C. Tow. August 2017.
Rex Simpson Hut book entry: ..."a great experience staying in this isolated hut on top of a mountain, a fantastic view and our selfie group photo is great. It was really great and memorable snow-trekking in NZ. I hope to be back again one day. Greetings from hot and sunny Singapore!"
- Four friends from Singapore: They found each other on the internet and arrived in Tekapo to experience a snow shoe trek. With no experience of cold and snow in the mountains they bravely struggled in to the Rex Simpson Hut in mizzy weather. The reward was powder snow falling overnight and a beautiful sunny day to showcase fantastic views. August 2014.
Rex Simpson Hut book entry: "I have no experience before and I proud of myself. Hope in the future more Chinese can try to hike. Alpine Rec staff are very friendly and they have lots of experience before I trust them. Chinese commend snowshoeing."
Two students from China: Studying at university in Sydney and Melbourne Shu and Yu decided on a completely different holiday; a snow-shoe trek in Lake Tekapo, NZ. July 2014.
"Fantastic couple of "Blue Bird" days in the Two Thumbs Range. Incredible scenery, great company, accomplished guides, cosy hut. Definitely coming back."
- Kimberley and Rhiannen, Australia. August 2011.
"I just wanted to say thanks again for 3 fantastic days that I spent with you. Your guiding certainly took me beyond my comfort zone on more than one occasion and on reflection I'm glad I persevered with it!
It's not very often that you come across someone so meticulous about safety. Thanks for the skills that you passed on to us it has certainly given me a great base from which to pursue further interests. Thanks again, Elke, and I hope to see you again next year!"
- Andrew Youl, Australia. July 2015.
"- From the first check up at 8a.m in the morning in Lake Takapo to the return, I felt completely safe and cared for. I have been doing a lot of similar trips in France, Bolivia, Tanzania and Nepal, and I have to say the level of professionalism of Elke / Marty has far exceeded the previous trips I have been doing. On the material side, Alpine Recreation level of service has been extremely high, with high quality recent material ready for the five of us (with a lots of different sizes available). We spent a whole day stuck in a hut due to bad weather. The hut was always warm, with food being not only plentiful but actually really good. Retrospectively, it was actually a good day, as surprising as it might seem, thanks to the guides. Even if you know nothing about mountaineering, you can feel Elke / Martin were very qualified professionals always eager to warn us in advance of potential dangers and teaching us about the mountain. I rarely take the pain of writing feedback but I thought I had to do it on this one given the level of professionalism and friendliness of the Alpine team. Should you be a beginner or an experience mountaineer, I can confirm you you will have a great/safe experience with Alpine Recreation, whatever the conditions."
- P. Fossat, London. October 2011.
"I appreciated the honesty over the weather conditions and the fact that the trip we booked originally might not have been the trip that we got to go on. As it turns out we got a cracking day of weather on the ascent to Mueller Hut afterall. But I can't bear expedition companies who can't be honest about things like this. It is a credit to Alpine Recreation that you are not just shoving people up and down mountains. By the way I should also omment on the fact that when I took a bit of a tumble on the descent that Dave was really great. He had me back on my feet in no time. I felt very safe in his capable hands and under no pressure to hurry downhill etc. And therein lies the reason why I believe that paying a reputable company for a good guide is money well spent."
- P. Boast, Bahrain. September 2011.
Reviews and feedback from custom team building trips.
"Great all-round package, and an exciting trip. Ewan and Jono were brilliant, they were personable, exuded professional competence, had fantastic tips and advice, and were a pleasure to spend time with. For some of our party, having access to borrowed equipment was very helpful. " | 2019-04-23T05:54:00Z | http://alpinerecreation.com/trek_reviews.html |
The Minister for Health, Tony Abbott, has delivered a speech to Young Liberals defending the Howard government on moral grounds.
In his speech, Abbott responded to a recent article by the journalist Geoff Kitney.
Text of Tony Abbott’s speech to the Young Liberal convention.
One of the most dramatic incidents in Russell Crowe’s recent film, Master and Commander – the Far Side of the World, involves a choice between saving a life and saving the ship. Crowe hacks away the wreckage of a fallen mast to which one of his sailors is clinging because the alternative to losing a man overboard is losing the entire ship. There’s no sense in the film that Crowe was choosing his life over the sailor’s. Rather, he was making the bitter but necessary decision to put the lives of the ship’s company ahead of the lives of any of its crew.
The tension between a leader’s simultaneous but different responsibilities to corporate and individual interests is further explored when the Commander’s friend requires medical treatment only possible on land just as the frigate’s quarry is at last in sight. This time, there is no unavoidable, either/or choice, so Crowe temporarily abandons the pursuit to save his friend. Again, there’s no sense that Crowe has put his friend before his country. Rather, he has an instinctive yet conscientious appreciation of the circumstances in which an individual’s interests should come first.
The film is a fine exploration of the complexities of command. It’s been widely and justly reviewed as cinema at its best. The film illustrates how traits which might be heroic virtue in an individual can be self-indulgent moral posturing in a leader. The Commander is not just an effective and successful leader but a good and honourable one too. No doubt journalists, academics and activists attended the film and barracked for Crowe in similar proportion to the rest of the population. But if Crowe had played an Australian prime minister handling contemporary challenges in much the same way, it’s all-but-certain the moral guardians would have damned him for having blood on his hands, sacrificing another to save himself and looking after his influential mate rather than everyone else.
If it’s possible to appreciate the strong moral case for Russell Crowe’s Captain Jack Aubrey, why not the moral case for the Howard Government? If it’s possible to accept that, in the stern circumstances of Napoleonic era naval warfare, a captain had to be firm to be fair, why not also accept that, in dealing with rogue states, terrorism, and challenges to the long-term survival of the nation, compassion is a fine thing for individuals but a most uncertain guide for governments? There is a moral case to be made for the policies of the Howard Government such as Work for the Dole, the war in Iraq, the mandatory detention of illegal boat people along with much else which is supposed to indicate its heartlessness. But it’s a much harder and more complex argument than that which holds that the proper role of government is to play the Good Samaritan on an epic scale.
To some, the moral quality of a government which has stood up for Australian values, stood by Australia’s friends and delivered more jobs, higher pay and lower taxes to the Australian people is self-evident. Political conservatives, in particular, have a tendency to think that facts like these speak for themselves; that rhetoric is redundant. On the other hand, in the absence of argument and reassurance, a sceptical public could conclude that the good the Government has done happened by accident or conspiracy – especially given the ferocious public muggings which seem to be the inescapable fate of all conservative leaders.
Understandably, Australians prefer people whose virtue is uncomplicated. Doctors and nurses, for instance, whose life-saving work is unambiguously good, typically rate over 80 per cent in polls judging the ethics and honesty of different occupations. Policeman and judges, whose work is no less necessary in a functioning society but who often have to make the best of a bad lot, typically rank about 60 per cent for ethics and honesty. In a society where “Jack’s as good as his master”, scepticism about politicians is understandable but an ethics and honesty rating of just 17 per cent suggests that most people haven’t thought through the “damned if you do, damned if you don’t” nature of the political process.
Of course, more than any other occupation, politicians have a strong vested interest in running each other down. What’s more, in journalists, they have their own natural reputational predators. Not for nothing have journalists been dubbed the “fourth estate”. Even so, the Howard Government attracts far more than the usual political vitriol. To most of its critics, the Howard Government is not just mistaken but morally illegitimate.
In his role as the Sydney Morning Herald’s chief political correspondent, Geoff Kitney would not write a column that he did not believe was professionally detached and politically impartial. He is no David Marr or Anne Summers. Nevertheless, his judgment of the Howard Government (in his January 10 column) is that it has “legitimised” attacks on multiculturalism, black welfare and dole bludgers, “sidelined” the community interest, equity and minority rights and made Australia “more selfish and less tolerant”. He obviously thinks this view is self-evident because counter arguments about national unity, the side-effects of the welfare system, and the importance of a strong civic culture are simply ignored.
Kitney’s conclusion that the thrice-elected Australian Prime Minister is a mean man leading a mean people is actually quite mild by commentariat standards. The former Lord Mayor of Brisbane described the Prime Minister as the “Goebbels of Australia” (quoted by Gerard Henderson in the SMH of December 30). The writer Craig McGregor (in the SMH of December 22) ranked Howard as one of our ten most important people, but only because “whatever you think of him…he brings out the worst in Australians”.
In his farewell column for the Herald (SMH 16/1/04), Kitney returned to the theme: “To those who hate (Howard)”, he said, “it’s the dishonest way they believe he has achieved (his success), more than anything else, that incites their fury…It’s demonstrably true” he declared “that Howard and his Government have, on a number of documented occasions, parted company with the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth…Even viewed generously, there is clear evidence of an elasticity with the truth. Viewed from the moral high ground it’s blatant, systematic dishonesty without apology”.
To anyone who has ever sought to have a correction published in a newspaper, this must seem an extraordinary burst of self-righteousness. Interestingly, politicians’ ethics and honesty rating has improved since the time of the Keating Government (which attracted nothing like the journalistic bile) from 9 to 17 per cent. As newspaper journalists’ ethics and honesty rating has increased from 8 to just 12 per cent over the same period, it’s tempting to dismiss Kitney’s indignation as a bad case of the pot calling the kettle black – tempting but mistaken because there’s a pathological side to much of the anti-Howard rage.
To Kitney’s ilk, if any proof of the Government’s dishonesty is needed, there’s always “children overboard”. But government ministers didn’t make up the claim that boat people had thrown their children into the water. It was based on official advice at the time. When doubts emerged about that advice, it was not unreasonable to seek official clarification and, in the meantime, to maintain the status quo. To many people, the distinction between throwing children into the sea and scuttling the ship on which the children were travelling seemed trivial, revealing more about the moralising of the media than the integrity of the Government.
Politicians shouldn’t tell lies. But some information (about private conversations and private lives, national security and Cabinet discussions, for instance) is necessarily confidential no matter how much journalists (and possibly their readers) might like to know. Governments shouldn’t break promises but if circumstances change in ways that make keeping a commitment wrong, a full explanation should be given to the electorate. In a perfect world, governments would not make promises which are overtaken by events – but no-one inhabits that world except Kitney’s sanctimonious moral guardians.
To his credit, Kitney briefly considers the paradox of a systematically dishonest government led by a prime minister with a strong reputation for trustworthiness – before concluding that ordinary voters don’t mind being misled in a good cause. Perhaps the gulf Kitney senses is that between professional fault-finders and those for whom good intentions and good outcomes are more important than a good story.
Moral courage is not doing what’s right when everyone else agrees. Moral courage is doing what’s right when people who should know better declare you’re wrong. By this test, the Howard Government has repeatedly demonstrated that it’s worthy of the Australian people’s trust. To those accustomed to pass political judgment, tax reform was impossible, the incorporation of East Timor in Indonesia irreversible, Work for the Dole immoral and the flow of refugee boats unstoppable – and many haven’t forgiven the Government for showing them up. It’s hard for any eight-year-old government to seem original but, in this Government’s case, the resentment of the moral guardians whose orthodoxies have been debunked and whose values have been usurped poses as big a threat to its re-election as the it’s time factor.
Everything that the politically correct establishment most dislikes about the Howard Government – its reluctance to see equivalent right and wrong on all sides, its preference for action over dialogue alone, and its readiness to support traditional allies – was present in the decision to wage war against Saddam Hussein.
Sending troops into battle is by far the weightiest decision that a government can make. As the critics constantly point out, war means that innocent people die. Unfortunately, any peace which leaves tyrants in charge also means that innocent people die. Pacifism is an honourable course of action for an individual prepared to suffer the consequences of turning the other cheek. But requiring collective non-resistance is complicity in evil. It’s an odd moral universe where the accidental killing of Iraqis by soldiers of the Western alliance is worse than the deliberate killing of Iraqis by Saddam Hussein or where it’s immoral to risk hundreds of Western lives to save hundreds of thousands of Iraqi lives – unless, of course, it’s only the West’s actions which matter and only Western lives which count.
By any standards, Saddam Hussein ran an evil regime. He had invaded his neighbours, used poison gas on his own people, funded terrorists and harboured Abu Nidal. As the secret burial grounds now reveal, he is the world’s biggest mass murderer since Pol Pot (and who complained when the Vietnamese army removed him?).
Weapons of mass destruction were never the only justification for Australia’s participation in the Iraq war. Even so, if they had all been destroyed, as the critics now allege, why couldn’t Saddam explain the fate of the poison gas stores the UN had discovered as recently as 1998? As Kevin Rudd declared to the Zionist Association of Victoria 15 months ago, “Saddam Hussein possesses weapons of mass destruction. That is a matter of empirical fact” – and there’s no reason to think that the Iraqi desert has yet yielded up all its secrets. Again, it’s an odd moral universe where a government is condemned for “going to war on a lie” when noone (including the critics) thought it was a lie at the time.
The Government is often accused of being poll-driven. For good reasons, there is no such thing as a popular war. The Government sent Australian forces into action in the teeth of public opinion and without a final Security Council resolution because it would have been morally contemptible to leave the struggle for freedom to others. Serious governments don’t shirk their responsibilities. By shouldering previously inconceivable burdens in East Timor, Afghanistan, the Solomon Islands and now PNG as well as Iraq, the Government has demonstrated (unlike the contemporary Labor Party) that it takes to heart Ben Chifley’s “light on the hill” injunction to work for the betterment of mankind not just here but wherever we can lend a helping hand.
People don’t demand miracles from governments but they do expect them to be “fair dinkum” about solving urgent problems. For years, governments had been trying to stem the flow of illegal boat people into Australia. The former Labor Government introduced mandatory detention but it didn’t work because it wasn’t rigorously applied.
As one of the few countries in the world with a formal refugee resettlement programme, Australia is entitled to pose the question: why should those illegally trying the back door take the places of those who apply to come in the correct way? If arriving in Australia and claiming refugee status all-but-guarantees permanent residency, boat people will continue to come. The Government’s policies are not about stopping refugees entering Australia but stopping people-smugglers putting lives at risk in unseaworthy boats. Indeed, the surest way to prevent dreadful tragedies at sea (such as that which befell the occupants of SIEV X) is to remove the incentive for people smuggling.
Invariably, boat people have moving stories – but so do nearly all the world’s “poor, huddled masses, yearning to be free” and how many of them can Australia realistically take? The problem for critics of the existing policy is that they demand an end to mandatory detention and want temporary protection visa holders allowed in permanently but won’t admit that this amounts to a declaration that if you can get here you can stay here – something an independent country can never accept.
Provided they are fed, housed, clothed, protected and dealt with as swiftly as an appeals process will allow, there is nothing inherently immoral in the mandatory detention of illegal entrants. People in Australian detention centres are safe from the violence and persecution they may have been subject to in their homelands. They receive the best possible health care even when they inflict harm on themselves. Even while in detention, their children are educated, usually at normal Australian schools. The Government has implemented alternative detention options for women and children but there are limits to how far this can be taken without breaking up families or effectively abandoning the detention of illegal arrivals. The Australian Government is no more to blame for the plight of people in immigration detention centres than it is for the plight of anyone else facing the consequences of failing to obey the law.
Of course, people living in the Middle East (especially as members of minority groups) can hardly be blamed for wanting to migrate to countries which are prosperous and safe. But the ultimate difference between Australia and the countries from which boat people flee is the rule of law – to which unauthorised arrivals are a constant challenge. Australian law does not give everyone who arrives here the right to stay here and it’s inconceivable that it ever will. Due process has to be followed. Asylum seekers have to demonstrate that they have a well founded fear of persecution or, after normal channels have been exhausted, that it would be inhumane not to let them stay. It’s human nature to prefer the strictures of the law when they apply to someone else. Still, a government which respects due process is being responsible rather than heartless.
The same tendency to will the end but not the means – to want the result but to shrink from what’s necessary to make it happen – characterises most criticism of the Government’s Work for the Dole programme. Everyone thinks unemployment is too high but many commentators support policies which would actually make it worse. For most unemployed people, lack of training is not the problem because training is nearly always available (albeit at a price). Lack of jobs is not always the key problem either, because new jobs are mostly filled by people who are already employed. Unemployment becomes intractable when, for all sorts of reasons (among them, the cost of getting to work, anti-social hours, interference with other commitments and comparatively low returns), working can seem more trouble than it’s worth.
The only way to tackle structural unemployment is to make work more attractive than the alternative. The Howard Government has increased wages and increased the returns from working but it has also expected unemployed people to take their obligations seriously. Work for the Dole embodies the view that government’s duties to the unemployed haven’t displaced unemployed people’s obligations to the community. Even the “victims” of a market economy retain significant capacity to help themselves. The Labor Party initially attacked Work for the Dole as “almost evil” and still wants to “reform” it out of existence but it has been overwhelmingly popular with everyone who understands that paying people to do nothing is not the best way to get them back to work.
It’s to Australian society’s credit that people agonise over armed conflict (even in a just cause) and fret over the side-effects of policies (even when they plainly work). Still, not everything which troubles people’s consciences is intrinsically wrong and much that is right has fearsome cost. It’s not really surprising that, in rich and comfortable societies, moral vanity should be more common than moral commitment but the “not in my name” brigade don’t understand that avoiding hard choices is a luxury governments don’t have.
There’s little point arguing with people theologically convinced that the Howard Government is evil but it’s still important to challenge their critique lest more fair-minded people conclude that the Government is effective but dishonourable. De Tocqueville once commented that America is great because America is good and that, if America ever ceased being good, it would also cease being great. Although there’s not the same self-conscious high-mindedness in Australia’s political culture, we much prefer our leaders to be decent human beings rather than political fixers.
The Prime Minister once said that he wanted the Government to under promise and over deliver. This is entirely in keeping with the character of the Australian electorate but not its political class. Awareness of the limitations of government and the imperfectability of man, consciousness of the shades of grey which are part and parcel of the human condition, respect for values and institutions which have stood the test of time, a sense of the importance of family and cultural bonds, a belief in the value of ritual and tradition, but above all else conviction of the responsibilities that everyone has to others (however flawed our understandings might be): these are the instincts which drive the Howard Government but not, by and large, the people who pass judgment on public life.
Inevitably, the people who talk about politics are more interested in this month’s promise than last year’s performance. A new Labor leader is much better copy than a government now eight years old. But it’s the Government’s participation in the “culture wars” which has most put out its habitual critics. Especially in an election year, the moral case for the Howard Government ought to be made, not because it never makes mistakes or never has an unworthy thought, but because the best government since Bob Menzies’ deserves a fair trial.
Success is not its own justification but does weigh in the balance of moral judgment. The end does not justify the means but there is a moral quality to success in a good cause. Moralists will continue to question how the fall of Saddam, the liberation of East Timor, effective border protection and the sustained reduction in unemployment have been brought about – but they can’t deny the moral seriousness of the government which helped to make them happen. | 2019-04-24T21:49:02Z | http://australianpolitics.com/2004/01/23/abbott-moral-case-for-the-howard-government.html |
35, 36. (a) To what existence does John 1:1 refer, and what man first called attention to that? (b) How was Jesus a man coming after John and yet existing before him, and to what did John’s calling him the Lamb of God refer?
THE apostle John opened up his account, saying: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God.” By that he did not mean the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry on earth nineteen centuries ago. He meant that the Word had a prehuman existence, long before he “became flesh” on earth. John makes that point clear all through his account. More than a month after Jesus was baptized in the Jordan River, John the Baptist called attention to Jesus and to his previous life, saying: “See, the Lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world! This is the one about whom I said, Behind me there comes a man who has advanced in front of me, because he existed before me. Even I did not know him, but the reason why I came baptizing in water was that he might be made manifest to Israel.”—John 1:29-31.
36 John the Baptist was born about six months before the Word “became flesh” or was born as the Son of the Jewish virgin. For that reason John said with reference to Jesus: “Behind me there comes a man.” But now, because of what happened to Jesus after John baptized him, John could call Jesus “a man who has advanced in front of me.” So when John said of Jesus: “He existed before me,” John must have meant that Jesus had a prehuman existence. John also pointed out that Jesus was to become a sacrifice to God, for in ancient Israel lambs were daily sacrificed to God by the Jewish priests. In order for Jesus as the “Lamb of God” to take away the sin of the world, his blood would have to flow in sacrifice, for without the shedding of blood of an innocent victim there was no forgiveness of sins obtainable from God.—Heb. 9:22.
37. Why was Jesus able to speak to Nicodemus about heavenly things?
37 On a number of occasions Jesus himself testified to his own existence in heaven before becoming flesh on earth. Thus Jesus was able to speak about “heavenly things,” because, as Jesus said to the Jewish ruler Nicodemus, “no man has ascended into heaven but he that descended from heaven, the Son of man.”—John 3:12, 13.
38. How, in speaking about manna, did Jesus testify to his previous existence in heaven?
38 Jesus spoke of himself as symbolical manna from heaven and said to the Jews: “Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but my Father does give you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is the one who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” “I have come down from heaven to do, not my will, but the will of him that sent me.” “I am the living bread that came down from heaven; if anyone eats of this bread he will live forever; and, for a fact, the bread that I shall give is my flesh in behalf of the life of the world.” “He also that feeds on me, even that one will live because of me. This is the bread that came down from heaven.” Many Jews murmured at such sayings of Jesus, and so he surprised them still more when he said: “Does this stumble you? What, therefore, if you should behold the Son of man ascending to where he was before?”—John 6:32, 33, 38, 51, 57, 58, 61, 62.
39, 40. (a) On another occasion Jesus described himself as being from where? (b) Hence what could Jesus ask of God in prayer?
40 “Father, glorify me alongside yourself with the glory that I had alongside you before the world [of mankind] was. Also, I am no longer in the world, but they are in the world and I am coming to you. Holy Father, watch over them on account of your own name which you have given me, in order that they may be one just as we are. . . . I wish that, where I am, they also may be with me, in order to behold my glory that you have given me, because you loved me before the founding of the world. “—John 17:5, 11, 24.
41. Of what, therefore, did the One from above speak and bear witness?
42. In whom did the twelve believe before Jesus called them to be apostles, and so what questions arise about this?
42 When on earth, Jesus Christ called and chose twelve apostles. These were all Jews by birth and were brought up in the “Jews’ religion” or in Judaism, to believe in only one God, Jehovah. (Gal. 1:13, 14, AV) Did Jesus as their Teacher tell them about a Trinity? Did he convert them to believe in a Trinity in which he himself was the Second Person or “God the Son”? Did the apostles and other disciples get to regarding Jesus as “God the Son” and calling him such? What did they call him? Let us see what John reports.
43, 44. After John baptized Jesus, to what fact did John bear witness about him?
43 After Jesus was baptized, John the Baptist introduced his own disciples to Jesus. John was sent by God to baptize, and God told John what to look for. So how did John refer to the baptized Jesus when introducing Jesus to the Jews who were John’s own disciples?
45. Whom did John expect to come to him for baptism, and what, therefore, did John disclaim to be?
45 John the Baptist himself was filled with holy spirit right from his mother’s womb. Did John bear witness that Jesus was Jehovah or that Jesus was God? No! John the Baptist told his own disciples: “This one is the Son of God.” John said, not “God the Son,” but, “the Son of God,” an expression meaning something altogether different. John did not expect Jehovah God to come to him to be baptized in water. John expected the one who was to become the Christ, the Messiah, or Anointed One, the one whom God would anoint with holy spirit. And so John did not let anyone think that he himself was Christ. He said to his disciples: “You yourselves bear me witness that I said, I am not the Christ, but, I have been sent forth in advance of that one. . . . That one must go on increasing, but I must go on decreasing.” (John 3:28-30) By what John saw he knew that Jesus was the Christ, God’s Anointed One.
46. After John turned his disciples over to Jesus, what shows whether they changed their minds as to who John said Jesus was?
47. What did Martha say was her belief in Jesus, and what did his enemies say was the reason why Jesus deserved to die according to their law?
47 Before resurrecting Lazarus, then four days dead, Jesus asked Martha the sister of Lazarus whether she believed what he had just said. In answer Martha said: “Yes, Lord; I have believed that you are the Christ the Son of God, the One coming into the world.” (John 11:27) Notable even is the testimony of Jesus’ bloodthirsty enemies. When the Roman governor was minded to shift the distasteful job of execution over to the Jews since he himself had found no fault in Jesus, the Jews answered the governor: “We have a law, and according to the law he ought to die, because he made himself God’s son.” (John 19:7) Thus John the Baptist, Jesus’ apostles, Lazarus’ sister Martha, and even the enemies all agreed in their witness that Jesus was “the Son of God.” Not God himself!
48, 49. (a) What comparison did John make as to turning over his disciples to Jesus joyfully? (b) Whom does the Bride expect to marry?
48 When John the Baptist explained why he must decrease in regard to having disciples but Jesus must increase in the number of baptized followers, John pictured Jesus as a bridegroom. John said: “He that has the bride is the bridegroom. However, the friend of the bridegroom, when he stands and hears him, has a great deal of joy on account of the voice of the bridegroom. Therefore this joy of mine has been made full.” (John 3:29) John had much joy in turning over baptized disciples to Jesus Christ.
49 Since Jesus is the Bridegroom, symbolically speaking, then the entire group of his baptized, anointed followers must be his Bride. Their hope is that of being united with the Lord Jesus Christ as their Bridegroom in heaven. They are not expecting to be married to God, which would be the case if God were a Trinity. Nor are they expecting to be married to a particular Person of such a Trinity, namely, to the Second Person of the Trinity, the so-called God the Son. They cannot imagine being married to a Trinity or even to a third part of this Trinity. The inspired Holy Scriptures do not teach such a thing, like someone marrying a Siamese twin!
50. Whom does the Bridegroom marry, and how many does Revelation show?
50 The Bridegroom Jesus Christ marries, not the whole human family of billions, but only a limited number taken from the human family. In the Revelation the apostle John had a vision of the Bridegroom and Bride together on the heavenly location of government, called Mount Zion, as foreshadowed by Mount Zion in Jerusalem where King David ruled. John says: “And I saw, and, look! the Lamb standing upon the Mount Zion, and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand having his name and the name of his Father written on their foreheads. . . . And they are singing as if a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the older persons; and no one was able to master that song but the hundred and forty-four thousand, who have been bought from the earth. These are the ones that did not defile themselves with women; in fact, they are virgins. These are the ones that keep following the Lamb no matter where he goes. These were bought from among mankind as a first fruits to God and to the Lamb.”—Rev. 14:1-4.
51. How is the Bride class virgin, marked in the forehead and bought?
52. How is the Bride class like a “first fruits to God,” and what does this fact mean for mankind in general?
52 They are like a first fruits that the Israelites took out of their harvest crops and offered up to Jehovah God through his temple servants, as on the day of Pentecost when the high priest presented to God two leavened loaves of wheat bread “as first ripe fruits to Jehovah.” (Lev. 23:15-20) Since the Bride class are only the “first fruits to God and to the Lamb,” there must be a much larger number of mankind who will be saved to eternal life, not in heaven, but on earth. Why? Because the Lamb of God takes away the “sin of the world” and not merely that of his Bride class.—John 1:29; 1 John 2:1, 2.
53, 54. According to Revelation 19:6-9, whose marriage is it, to whom does the Bride belong, and for whom is the marriage supper?
53 The apostle John leaves us in no doubt as to whom the Bride class, the anointed Christian congregation, marries in heaven. In Revelation 19:6-9 John writes: “Then I heard what seemed to be the voice of a great multitude, like the sound of many waters and like the sound of mighty thunderpeals, crying, ‘Hallelujah! For the Lord our God the Almighty reigns. Let us rejoice and exult and give him the glory, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and his Bride has made herself ready; it was granted her to be clothed with fine linen, bright and pure’—for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints. And the angel said to me, ‘Write this: Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.’ And he said to me, ‘These are true words of God.’”—RS.
54 The marriage is that of the Lamb of God, not the marriage of the Lord our God the Almighty. The Bride is the Bride of the Lamb of God, not the Bride of God the Almighty. The marriage supper is that of the Lamb of God; and the prophetic parables of Jesus indicate that it is his Father, the Lord our God the Almighty, who prepares the marriage supper for the Lamb, his Son.
55. Who does Revelation 19:11-16 identify the Lamb of God as being, and whose Bride do the 144,000 therefore become?
55 A few verses later on, in Revelation 19:11-16, the apostle John identifies the Lamb of God as being the Word or Logos, for John sees the Lamb riding forth to battle against his Father’s enemies. John describes him, saying: “He is clad in a robe dipped in blood, and the name by which he is called is The Word of God. . . . On his robe and on his thigh he has a name inscribed, King of kings and Lord of lords.” (RS) Hence his 144,000 faithful followers become the Bride of the Word of God, not the Bride of God.
56, 57. In Revelation 21, between whom do we see a distinction made in connection with the Bride class, and how?
56 The ones married are shown again in the further vision, which John describes, saying: “I saw also the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God and prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And there came one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls which were full of the seven last plagues, and he spoke with me and said: ‘Come here, I will show you the bride, the Lamb’s wife.’ So he carried me away in the power of the spirit to a great and lofty mountain, and he showed me the holy city Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God and having the glory of God. . . . The wall of the city also had twelve foundation stones, and on them the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. And I did not see a temple in it, for Jehovah God the Almighty is its temple, also the Lamb is. And the city has no need of the sun nor of the moon to shine upon it, for the glory of God lighted it up, and its lamp was the Lamb.”—Rev. 21:2, 9-11, 14, 22, 23.
57 Always we are shown that there is a distinction made between the Lamb and the Lord our God the Almighty, and that it is to the Lamb that the Bride of 144,000 members is married. It is the Lamb’s wife that she becomes. If there were such a thing as the Trinity, then the 144,000 could not help marrying God in one of his Persons and thus becoming one with God. But the Bible does not teach this.
58. In his talk to Nicodemus, who did Jesus claim to be?
58 For the benefit of the Bride class John the Baptist identified the Bridegroom as the Lamb of God. How, though, did the Bridegroom identify himself to his Bride class and to others? What relationship did he himself claim to have with God? Did he ever claim to be more than John the Baptist declared him to be, namely, God’s Son? In answer listen first to these much-loved words of Jesus Christ to Nicodemus: “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.”—John 3:16-18, AV.
59. After Jesus cured the man born blind, whom did the man confess believing Jesus to be?
59 Jesus once cured a man blind from birth. According to a number of Bible versions, Jesus later said to him: “Dost thou believe on the Son of God?” The man answered: “Who is he, Lord, that I might believe on him?” Jesus replied: “Thou hast both seen him, and it is he that talketh with thee.” Jesus did not ask the man to believe that he, Jesus, was more than the Son of God. The man confessed to believing only that.—John 9:35-37, AV; Dy; AS; ED; Lamsa; Murdock.
60. Before raising Lazarus, who did he say was to be glorified, and thereafter who did Martha say she believed Jesus to be?
60 Before going to the town of Bethany in behalf of his sick friend Lazarus, Jesus said to his apostles: “This sickness is not with death as its object, but is for the glory of God, in order that the Son of God may be glorified through it.” Before Jesus reached the tomb where Lazarus now lay dead, his sister Martha confessed to believing what Jesus claimed to be, as she said: “Yes, Lord; I have believed that you are the Christ the Son of God, the One coming into the world.”—John 11:4, 27.
61. In sending a message to the congregation in Thyatira, whom did Jesus speak of himself as being?
61 Even in heaven the glorified Jesus speaks of himself as the Son of God. In Revelation 2:18, when sending a message to the Christian congregation in the city of Thyatira, the glorious Jesus says to John: “To the angel of the congregation in Thyatira write: These are the things that the Son of God says, . . . And to him that conquers and observes my deeds down to the end I will give authority over the nations, and he shall shepherd the people with an iron rod so that they will be broken to pieces like clay vessels, the same as I have received from my Father.”—Rev. 2:18, 26, 27.
62. In prayer, in what relationship with God did Jesus speak of himself as being?
63. Why did the Jews want to stone Jesus, and what did Jesus quote from the Psalms to show whether they were justified in doing so?
63 In saying this, are we not forgetting John 10:31-39, according to which the Jews wanted to stone Jesus for saying: “I and the Father are one”? No, we are not forgetting. The Jews, who believed in the one God whose name is Jehovah, there wanted to stone Jesus. Why? Not because he taught such a thing as a Trinity and that he was one-third of it, but because he spoke of himself as the Son of God, the Son of their God Jehovah. Jesus said to them with their stones in their hands: “Many good works, from my Father, I have shown you; for which of them do you stone me?” The Jews replied: “It is for no good work that we stone you, but for blasphemy, because you, a man, make yourself god.” (Torrey) Jesus then referred the Jews to their own Holy Scriptures, to Psalm 82:6, and said: “Is it not written in your law, I have said, Ye are gods? If God said, that those to whom he was speaking were gods (and the scripture cannot be annulled), do you accuse of blasphemy him whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world, because I said, I am the Son of God? If I do not do the works of my Father, do not believe me; but if I do them, even if you believe not me, believe the works, that you may perceive and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.”—Torrey.
64. (a) What did Jesus there argue that he himself was? (b) Who were the ones whom Psalm 82 addressed as “gods”?
64 The very argument of Jesus here proves he did not claim to be God. Had he claimed to be God, then the Jews would have been right in stoning him for blasphemy. But Jesus argues that he claimed to be less than God. To prove this, Jesus quoted to them from Psalm 82, verses 1, 2, 6, 7 (AV) of which read: “God [Elohím] standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among the gods [elohím]. How long will ye judge unjustly, and accept the persons of the wicked? . . . I have said, Ye are gods [elohím]; and all of you are children of the most High. But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes.” In this psalm the Most High God speaks to the unjust judges on earth, mere men, and calls them “gods,” or elohím in the Hebrew, and he tells them to correct their legal practice. Because those judges fail of their duty, it becomes necessary for the Most High God to arise and judge the peoples of the earth.
65. Despite their being “gods,” what will happen to those judges and for whose death were such kind of Jewish gods responsible?
65 Their being called “gods” will not save these judges; neither will their considering themselves to be “sons of the Most High” or sons of God. That gives them no immortality. They are still mortal and will die just like other men. They will fall in death just like other judicial princes on earth, and this by the execution of God’s judgment. God’s word was against them in adverse judgment. It was human gods like these, among the Jews, that caused Jesus to be put to death at the hands of the Romans.—Ex. 22:28, AV; Dy.
66, 67. What did Jesus not claim to be, and what did he not say to the Jews about his Father and himself?
67 After Jesus said that, his very argument that followed proved that he was not claiming to be God, nor was he saying that he and his heavenly Father were one God, a trinitarian God in which he and his Father were two Persons along with a third Person, “God the Holy Ghost.” Jesus did not say, I and the Father and the Holy Ghost are one. He mentioned no “Holy Ghost.”—John 10:28-30.
68. Using Psalm 82:6, how did Jesus prove that he did not claim to be God by saying: “I and the Father are one”?
68 Jesus argued that his statement, “I and the Father are one,” did not mean claiming to be God. How so? Because Jesus told those Jews that he was calling himself less than God his Father. He told those Jews that their own law in Psalm 82:6 called the men against whom God’s word came in criticism “gods,” and that the Jews could not annul this scripture that called human judges by the title of “gods”; nor could they deny that this scripture said this, and they could not take this scripture out of the inspired Scriptures. And yet, when Jesus Christ, who performed so many wonderful good works among the Jews, spoke of God as his Father and spoke of himself as merely the Son of God, they said he blasphemed and were ready to stone him as a blasphemer. Still he was more than those men whom Psalm 82 had called “gods,” because he, Jesus, was the one whom the heavenly Father had sanctified and sent into the world. If it was not blasphemy for Asaph to compose a psalm calling human judges in Israel “gods,” then it was far less a blasphemy for Jesus to speak of himself as merely the Son of God and not as a god.—Psalm 82, superscription.
69. (a) In the material thus far from John’s writings what have we failed to find about Jesus Christ? (b) Why is the reader invited to join us in considering further material from John’s writings?
69 Thus not once in all the above material from John’s writings have we found that Jesus Christ called himself God or let others speak of him as God. But ah! the trinitarians will say, not all the pertinent texts in John’s writings have yet been considered, Scripture texts that will surely prove that Jesus did speak of himself as God and let himself be addressed as God, and these will prove that the many Bible translations are correct in rendering John 1:1 to read: “And the Word [or, the Logos] was God.” So in our next three parts of this article on “The Word” we shall deal with those texts. Let the reader join us in the consideration of them. | 2019-04-18T19:04:42Z | https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1962683 |
Heetakshi A. Neema, Std. 9: I feel so much better after joining Khandekar’s Academy. Pradnya Ma’m, Nikhil Sir, Rohini Ma’m, and Rekha Ma’m are great teachers. After joining this class, my Sanskrit improved greatly. My overall results have improved greatly after joining this class. Learning is great fun here.
Gururaj D. Falnikar, Std. 9: I realize that when I was in another class, my percentage was very low. But when I came to this class, it increased. I like the teaching of Nikhil Sir very much. He is very good in world history, and goes deep into the subject. I think Khandekar’s Academy is the world’s best class.
Rishi, Std. 9: I failed in the 8th standard, and then I came to Khandekar’s Academy in 9th. When the result for the first semester came, I had passed fully. Pradnya Ma’m takes our orals and makes studying good fun. Rohini Ma’m takes Sanskrit and is very good in English as well. Nikhil Sir takes Social Studies. He takes lot of time in explaining S.S. lessons.
Kundan, Std. 9: Sanskrit was a hard subject for me, but after coming to Khandekar’s Academy, it is now the easiest subject. There are some strict rules and regulations in this class, but we are able to study properly after following the rules in this class. In my previous class, more information was not given. Here, studying is good fun. All teachers at this class are very good.
Rahul Sharma, Std. 9: Khandekar’s Academy is a place which won’t be forgotten by me in my entire life.
Rooms² + blackboard + white board + Nataraja statue + Shakespeare frame + Goddess Saraswati frame + some benches + my friends + fun = Khandekar’s classes.
I came to this class because of my sister. I am grateful to my sister for sending me this class. I have met some awesome personalities over here. Pradnya Ma’m is very strict, but she helps a lot. A big thank you to all teachers at Khandekar’s Academy!
Rutvik Sodani, Std. 9: In this class, I improved a lot. Those who come to this class will improve a lot. They will also enjoy studies and get more knowledge. They will also get much better grades. What can I say? This class is excellent!
Raj Patel, Std. 9: I have learnt many important things at Khandekar’s Academy. All the teachers - Rohini madam, Pradnya madam, Rekha madam, and Nikhil Sir are excellent teachers. My favorite is Nikhil Sir. When he taught us the lessons in S.S., I came to know about a lot of things. I have a great experience of Khandekar’s Academy.
Uditanshu T. Marathe, Std. 9: I got interested in Maths after joining Khandekar’s Academy. There has been a lot of improvement in Maths for me. My knowledge of grammar has also increased. Rohini madam is a master in grammar. Sir is master in History and the wars of the world.
Het S. Pathak, Std. 9: Due to Khandekar’s Academy, there has been a lot of improvement in my behavior. My interest in Maths has greatly developed. I was taught easy tricks for solving mathematical problems. I have developed myself greatly after joining this institute.
Arjun Moghe, Std. 9: What do I tell about this class? This place is a magical place. I got many chances to improve after coming to this class. Firstly, and most importantly, I got an interest in Mathematics, which was the worst subject for me earlier. Pradnya madam is a nice teacher. She is always worried about our concepts in Maths.
Jay Patel, Std. 9: In this class, my experience is much better than other classes. First, my grades were low, but after coming to Khandekar’s, my grades improved very much. So this class proved to be lucky for me. I also enjoyed the picnic a lot, as madam and Nikhil Sir are very friendly.
Kruti P. Bhatt, Std. 9: Before I came to Khandekar’s classes, I hated grammar, SS, Maths, and Science. After coming here, I came to know a lot of different and interesting things. I now love grammar, SS, Maths, and Science. All teachers at Khandekar’s are very good in their subjects.
Bhakti A. Bhadsawle, Std. 9: Khandekar classes are excellent classes. Within a year I saw improvement in my marks and subjects. Here, daily or weekly tests are held. We are given 3-4 answers to learn on a daily basis, so this system is very useful for us. My favorite teacher is Pradnya madam.
Aditya R. Bapat, Std. 10: Khandekar classes are my inspiration. Our Maths-Science teacher, Pradnya madam, teaches us in such a way that half of our studies are completed in the class only. English and Sanskrit teacher, Rohini madam, becomes strict sometimes, but it is for our benefit. It seems as if they are teaching their own children. Our Economics teacher, Nikhil Sir, goes very deep into particular topics. He does everything possible to provide a real education. Khandekar’s Academy has really benefitted me.
Sarthak, Std. 10: Khandekar classes have highly skilled teachers - Nikhil Sir, Pradnya Ma’m, Rohini Ma’m, and Rekha Ma’m. We get extra knowledge in this class. I will advise all my junior friends to join Khandekar’s classes, which is like a heaven on earth for education.
Shachee Desai, Std. 10: In my opinion, Khandekar’s Academy is really helpful for students in Std. 10. Not only is it educational, it is also great fun. Even though Pradnya ma’m scolds us a lot, it is really very easy to understand her teaching for Maths and Science. Rohini ma’m takes up each Sanskrit chapter word per word and pays plenty of attention to grammar. Rekha ma’m teaches Gujarati and Hindi with a lot of dedication. Nikhil Sir takes up the economics portion of SS - he explains with a lot of details and his teachings are easy to recall during exams.
Saukhyada More, Std. 10: In Khandekar’s Academy, the teachers have always educated students very nicely. I, Saukhyada More, enjoyed my two years of standards 9th and 10th at this institution. The teachers dedicated themselves completely to making us understand the books as well as the conduct in class, behavior, and so on. Rohini madam and Rekha madam’s classes were enjoyable every time. Nikhil Sir gave us knowledge of India, our developing country, and changed our views. Pradnya Ma’m also cleared all our concepts in our main subjects. The enjoyable learning and our improved results were a very pleasant change! Thank you, parents, for sending us to Khandekar’s Academy! Thank you teachers, for all you have done for us.
Priyanka, Std. 10: Khandekar’s Academy is the best academy. Rohini ma’m is the best teacher. She teaches us English and Sanskrit very well. Pradnya Ma’m teaches us how to do Maths sums in the easiest and simplest way. Nikhil Sir gives us deep knowledge about our society and clears all our SS concepts. I like Rohini Ma’m very much!
Vishakha, Std. 10: Khandekar’s Academy has been going on for many years. The teachers are too good. They teach with detailed understanding and great patience. Sir taught us Economics very well, giving examples. Grammar teaching for English, Gujarati and Sanskrit is also great. I have greatly enjoyed the last 2 years in this academy. The picnic is also very well organized every year and we have some great memories of it! I will always miss this class.
Kenny, Std. 10: I experienced best teaching at Khandekar’s Academy. Rohini Ma’m is my favorite teacher! She clears the concepts in grammar in both English and Sanskrit. Pradnya ma’m is a very good teacher of Maths and Science. Nikhil Sir explains every topic in Economics in great detail. This coaching class is better than any other for scoring good marks in exams.
Hinal, Std. 10: Khandekar’s Academy has provided us that skill and knowledge with which we can learn things easily. The teachers use easy language while teaching. My favorite is Rohini Ma’m, who teaches us English and Sanskrit. She knows a lot of grammar and has lot of other knowledge as well.
Swapna S. Agashe, Std. 10: I am glad to say I have been studying at Khandekar’s Academy since Std. 8. All ma’ms and sir are very nice and helpful. I like all the teachers very much. I like Pradnya Ma’m a lot because she takes responsibility and helps every student who has a difficulty in any subject. I like all my teachers very much.
Meghna Desai, Std. 10: The teaching at Khandekar’s Academy is great and creates bright future for students. The institute is great because there is disciplined learning and teaching, picnic, and also a lot of enjoyment. Every teacher is nice and kind and loving and I have some great memories of studying at the one and only Khandekar’s Academy.
Viraj Loke, Std. 10: At Khandekar’s Academy, we understand everything very easily. The teachers at this tuition class are very good at explaining all the subjects. Every topic is covered in detail and every student’s needs are considered in this educational institute.
Sanjana Mande, Std. 10: Joining this institute had a great effect on my results. I feel very comfortable with all the teachers here. All the teachers here are experts in their subjects and make learning easy and fun. I am glad and proud to be a part of Khandekar’s classes.
Shraddha Itola, Std. 10: I have been studying in this academy for the last 2 years and it has been a wonderful experience! The teachers are kind and very good in their subjects. I like the way they teach us at Khandekar’s academy.
Mitali Rathod, Std. 10: Khandekar’s institute of education brightened my future. It has taught me the right way to learn and write. It is an honor to study with such intelligent teachers as Pradnya madam, Rekha madam, and Nikhil Sir. My favorite one is Nikhil Sir. I have greatly enjoyed studying with Sir.
Prajakta Pathak, Std. 10: I like the teaching method at Khandekar’s Academy. Pradnya madam teaches Maths very well. Rohini madam makes Sanskrit very interesting.
Yesha K. Desai, Std. 10: In Khandekar’s classes, we experienced the best teaching. The teachers teach beautifully, by giving practical examples. Rohini Ma’m and Pradnya Ma’m are like ‘Goddesses of Knowledge’. They are very kind and loving teachers. They are ready to solve our difficulties or problems at any time.
Swara Muley, Std. 10: At Khandekar’s, studies did not feel like a burden and felt amazing and easy too. We learnt many things from our teachers and had a golden time with them. Maths became a favourite due to Pradnya madam, Sanskrit was improved due to Rohini madam, Gujarati had less mistakes, thanks to Rekha madam and Nikhil Sir gave a new viewpoint of looking at Economics. So, Khandekar’s Academy taught us to learn and to study.
Pranjali, Std. 10: I feel great coming to Khandekar's Academy. Every teacher is very good at teaching. They teach very calmly and thoroughly. Whatever I am today is all because of this institution.
Priyanka Ekbote, Std. 10: I feel very secure in coming to Khandekar's Academy, and it seems I have selected the perfect coaching class. As I did not join any class from stds. 1 to 7, I did not know how to react in the class. But all the teachers are very supportive and they made me comfortable in the class. I am so glad I am studying at Khandekar's!
Avi Trivedi, Std. 10: Khandekar’s classes have been the best option for me for the last 3 years. The teachers here are highly experienced and are open to questions any time. Your future is bright if you are at Khandekar’s Academy.
Riddhi Jaiswal, Std. 10: Pradnya Madam, of Khandekar’s Academy, is the best teacher - serious at study times but joyful and happy when it’s time to enjoy! Rohini madam is great at teaching both English and Sanskrit. Nikhil Sir provides logical explanations and information on the world around us. I experience a feeling of happiness whenever I enter the classroom. For me, this is the best class ever!
Yashraj G. Dusane, Std. 10: I have been a student at Khandekar’s for my 8, 9, and 10 std. studies. All the teachers at Khandekar’s Academy are great teachers. Sir is a superb teacher. Khandekar’s Academy teaches students from all schools and offers all major subjects.
Karan D. Kesarkar, Std. 10: All teachers at Khandekar’s classes are great at teaching. Nikhil Sir is very good at explaining with meaningful examples. All the teachers are strict but display excellent behavior.
Ankit M. Agrawal, Std. 10: The method of teaching at Khandekar’s Academy is excellent. If a student works seriously, he or she is guaranteed high scores. There are many rankers studying at Khandekar’s Academy. Students from many schools attend this class.
Nisha M. Talati, Std. 10: I am new to this class, but coming to Khandekar’s Academy has been my best experience. After joining the class, I felt that I could learn new things also. All the teachers here are very good and helpful to students.
Mayur, Std. 10: At Khandekar’s Academy, there are 3 madams and 1 sir. Sir is best. The teachers control all the students very well. We also go for annual picnics. Last year, we went to Vananchal resort.
Pruthvi Uttekar, Std. 10: Pradnya madam is very strict, but Rekha madam is not strict. So the combination of strict and not strict is very good. In this class, the teachers are very experienced, so they can control the students in a very calm and quiet manner. Nikhil Sir is extraordinary because he is highly experienced and has taught students in colleges also. All teachers at Khandekar’s Academy are strict but have very good behavior with students.
Keshali Pathak, Std. 10: We are very lucky to have this excellent coaching class. Here, all the teachers are very supporting and helpful. Pradnya ma’m is very strict but also has a very helping nature. Rohini Ma’m is also very helpful. The great quality of this class is that they tell us the small mistakes in Grammar and the other subjects, which is very helpful in the exams.
Ishan Chavan, Std. 10: I am proud to be a student of Khandekar’s Academy. I like the teaching of Nikhil Sir very much because he explains the topics very clearly and makes learning and studying great fun. There are 3 madams and 1 sir in this class and all teachers make studies very interesting.
Ruturaj Khopkar, Std. 10: I have very good experience of studying in Khandekar’s Academy. Teachers are very friendly and kind with us. I have got good guidance and teaching by all teachers, specially Nikhil Sir. Every student is given attention by teachers - whether on first bench or last. I am now confident for the Board Exam because of the teaching method. I have some great memories of Khandekar’s Academy.
Pankil Parikh, Std. 10: It's an awesome experience being a member of Khandekar's Academy. This is the institute for students who aim to become good thinkers and studious. The experienced teachers of this institute are experts at providing precise explanations of the concepts in each subject.
Himanshi Shah, Std. 10: Teachers at Khandekar's Academy are always there to clear my doubts. They take care to clear each and every concept. My favorite teacher is Rohini M'am. Here, we are able to easily clear our doubts as all the teachers are very cooperative.
I have been here for three years. The teachers here are awesome, and with great experience. The basics of every subject are thoroughly cleared by the teachers. Their teaching style is so that average students can also grasp very easily. The classroom is always a very happy place. The teachers teach with complete dedication.
Rohan N. Pradhan, Std. 12: I studied at Khandekar's Academy for two years (9th and 10th). The coaching style of this institute has been great in my experience. The main motto of all the teachers at Khandekar's Academy is to educate the students well. And I would refer my juniors to come to this institute rather than any other class.
Nihar A. Kamat, Std. 12: The teachers at Khandekar's Academy are really enthusiastic about giving knowledge to the students. Teachers are so friendly, students won't feel the burden of studies at all. They would rather feel that they are discussing with friends and according to me every student needs this type of coaching and students would also never get tired or exhausted because of the pressure of studies and exams.
Vaibhav M. Agrawal, Std. 12: The method of coaching in Khandekar's Academy is different from that of other coaching classes. In the classes only have I learnt everything and at home I have to just go through it once. Here, the teacher gives everything he has and shares with us his experience. He also makes studies great fun.
It is the best coaching institute in my experience.
Rushik N. Gandhi, Std. 12: At Khandekar's Academy, we love that all the teachers give knowledge with enjoyment. It is a great institute. Every class taken by Nikhil Sir is enjoyable. I love to come here for the studies as well as for the knowledge.
The lessons are taught in detail, word to word, and with proper explanation of what the lesson actually means and what it wants to convey. Students can ask questions and have a healthy discussion of the topics being taught. Our teacher is also quite frank with the students, so his teaching becomes very interesting.
Khushboo Sharma: I joined the prestigious Khandekar’s Academy when I was in Std. 9, and thus began the journey toward success. Mathematics was a nightmare for me, but now, after having studied here, the concepts are so clear in my mind that it has helped me crack my BBA entrance exam also. Shortcuts and digest were a big no-no for me, which helped in the overall development of my logic. To describe my improvement in words is next to impossible. I am lucky that I was apart of this institute and was equally able to prove my capability. Finally, I wish to thank my teachers at Khandekar’s Academy for helping me build my career at a very crucial stage. Thank you, ma’m!
Neekeetasha Deore: When it comes to teaching Maths and Science, I don’t think anybody can do as well as Pradnya Khandekar Ma’m of Khandekar’s Academy.
Gunja S. Kogje: I dared to choose science because I had done my basics with Khandekar ma’m. In 12th, when I lost all my hopes, she was the one who saw me through my difficulties.
Manali Sapre: At Khandekar's Academy, learning from Pradnya Madam, Rohini Madam, and Nikhil Sir, to summarize in one line, was 'LEARNING WITH JOY'. Education here is not only for passing the exams but to construct a strong base to support further academic endeavour by the student. I used to miss many lectures on account of my tournaments ... but the teachers helped me make up for the absence. Madam answered all of my numerous doubts with great patience. I owe it to all these teachers for building my strong academic base. The comfort level with the teachers is such that even after completing my studies, even today, I do not have the slightest hesitation to contact Pradnya Madam and Rohini Madam.
Harshal Sapre: It was a great, homely experience for me at Khandekar's Academy, Pradnya madam's class. We were all give equal importance with special care. We found here support for our extra-curricular skills as well. Pradnya Madam was always full of easy and quick teaching methods, which helped me clear a lot of my basics in Maths and Science. Nikhil Sir always taught in a very jolly manner, giving practical examples and I always loved attending his classes. | 2019-04-25T16:38:02Z | http://khandekarsacademy.in/student-speak |
It’s one of the bitterest rivalries in the industrialized world: Airbus vs Boeing.
Despite being world-class companies, executives at each often snipe at each other’s airplanes, claiming superiority in economics and passenger appeal. Like lawyers arguing a court case, data is typically selectively used to advance the claims.
One of the most hotly debated issues between the two companies is which is the best single-aisle airplane, the ones that fly the most routes in the world and which carry more passengers than any other type: the Airbus A320 or Boeing 737 families.
But the A320 was launched in 1984, 20 years after the 737. A even-up comparison should begin in March 1984 comparing the A320 family with the 737 Classic from then to the end of the Classic’s production run; and with the 737 Next Generation from its program launch in November 1993; followed by the A320neo and the 737 MAX.
From March 1984 when Airbus launched the A320 through September, the European airplane has sold more airplanes than Boeing has sold the various 737s during the same period. Both companies have announced hundreds more orders since October 1. Click to enlarge.
When the count is adjusted to start from the A320’s program launch, Airbus can correctly claim it has sold more A320 Family members than Boeing has sold 737 Classics, NGs and MAXes over the same period.
The 737, which entered service in 1968, had a solid customer base built up in the 16 years before Airbus launched the A320 program in March 1984. The so-called 737 Classic (300/400/500) is no longer in production, having been superseded by the 737 Next Generation (NG), launched in November 1993. The NG and the ceo are still in production. Coming from nowhere, with no customer base, Airbus captured 47.5% of the firm orders and 48.9% of the firm orders plus options, letters of intent and memorandums of understanding.
Airbus launched its re-engined A320neo (New Engine Option) in December 2010. Boeing launched the 737 MAX. the following July. These each come in three sub-types. Airbus is the runaway-market winner.
Boeing points out that Airbus had a seven month head-start on program launch and claims that since the MAX was launched, it’s won 50% of the campaigns. The website PDXlight.com provides an independent look at sales in the days since launch; the A320neo consistently outsells the 737 MAX.
The first of the A320neos is scheduled to enter service in October next year. The first 737 MAX is scheduled to enter service in July 2017.
Boeing’s dominance in the single-aisle is a thing of the past, and it won’t return for at least another decade and perhaps a decade and a half—certainly not until Boeing designs an entirely new, “clean sheet” airplane and this even depends on the Airbus response.
Boeing CEO Jim McNerney, asked about the market share on the third quarters earnings call Oct. 22, maintained Boeing’s long-running statements that it will recover to obtain a 50% share of the A320-737 market.
Airbus’ isn’t concerned about the prospect of a Boeing NSA, or New Single Aisle airplane. Kiran Rao, Airbus’ executive vice president of sales and marketing, and John Leahy, chief operating officer-customers, said on several occasions that there won’t be enough technological advances in engines and airframes to support a new, clean sheet airplane before a 2030 entry into service, or EIS. It’s possible that by 2025 an NSA could be designed and into service with 25%-30% lower operating costs than today’s A320s and 737s. But if the benchmark is changed to the new A320neo and 737 MAX, each predicted to be 14% better than today’s airplanes, there is a huge challenge to achieve 25% or better by 2030, let alone 2025. It can’t be done by the earlier date, Rao and Leahy say.
“We’re comfortable with the A320neo,” Rao says.
Boeing claims its 737-800 and successor the 737-8 are about 8% more economical per seat. Airbus makes counter-claims, but airlines that evaluated the planes and some that operate both the A320ceo and 737NG say Boeing has an operating cost advantage of only 2%. But customers, whose opinions count far more than the hype promulgated by Airbus and Boeing, say the A321neo is a superior airplane to the 737-9 and sales figures support this.
On Oct. 21, Airbus upped the ante. Airbus confirmed to the on-line newsletter Leeham News and Comment that it now is offering an A321neo high gross weight that will replace the Boeing 757-200 on 3,900nm routes that are too “thin” for long-range twin-aisle airplanes like the Airbus A330 or Boeing 787 that carry twice the passengers of the 757. Boeing’s 737-9, with a basic design dating to the 1960s, can’t be further developed to match the new A321neoLR (Long Range).
The A321neoLR will further marginalize the 737-9.
At the low end of the Airbus and Boeing offerings, the smallest A319ceo and 737-700 on their last legs. There have been few recent sales and the backlog for each is winding down as deliveries are made. Their replacements, the A319neo and the 737-7, are largely regarded in the industry as placeholders, rear guard action to serve as a road-block, if one is needed, against the new, clean-sheet 135-seat Bombardier CS300 and Embraer 122-seat E-195 E2. The strategy is more illusionary than real. There are more than 180 firm orders for the CS300 (EIS late 2015 or early 2016) and 50 for the slightly smaller E-195 E2; the latter is still in its infancy, with an EIS of 2019. There are just 49 orders for the A319neo (EIS 2017) and 55 for the 737-7 (EIS 2019). There are two identified customers for the A319neo, Frontier Airlines and Columbia’s Avianca, and 12 orders listed as Unidentified customer(s). Frontier is transitioning to an Ultra Low Cost Carrier and will likely opt for the larger A320neo or even the A321neo, the largest member of the family. Avianca needs the hot-rod performance of the high-powered, light-weight A319neo for its South American service and will probably take the order.
The 737-7, on the other hand, is problematic. Southwest Airlines in the USA has 30 on order and Canada’s Westjet the other 25. When the time comes to “cut metal” about 2018, it’s quite possible each will upgauge to the larger 737-8.
This leave Boeing in quite the quandary: a 737 MAX family with a good-selling -8, a non-existent -7 and a poor selling -9.
At the October European conference of the International Society of Transport Aircraft Traders, a poll was taken of the 1,200 delegates asking if Boeing or Airbus had the more competitive single-aisle airplane. Fifty percent of the audience voted for Airbus; just 23% for Boeing. It’s quite the comedown for the proud Boeing.
Airbus has neatly mouse-trapped Boeing.
“737MAX8 and 737MAX8-200 are distinct types”.
Think about where 737 market share would sit without extreme rebates and higher availability. Are all remaining NG slots already sold ?
Indeed I guess that the difference is between the 4 door current A321 that will also produced for 3 quarters in the NEO form, and the Cabinflex A321NEO with the overwing exits that will be initially produced as A321NEO STD and then reinforced and produce as A321NEO LR with “STD” weight options.
737MAX8 and MAX8-200 have different exit layout and the latter need the flat bulkhead.
for both airframers we see evolutionary homesteading of select niches with distinct sub²types.
What the enumeration further up left out is the high density A321 announced earlier this year. A320HD too, but that one is less of a distinct subtype.
We’ll see if the pressure is high enough to have the core types differentiate into some more market nooks.
Only France produces on an 11 month basis, Germany and Tianjin are at 12 months per year.
what were the prestated numbers for production in 2013 and 2014?
According to the chart since 2002 Airbus produced more A320 than Boeing 737.
The problem with producing more aircraft are the manufacturers building parts for Airbus and Boeing. These companies also have limited resources and they will produce more parts for the company with the better offer.
The distinctive attribute earmarking A32X as the foreloper, trendsetter, Leader vs 73X is the ability of Airbus to periodically wip up the A32X Family’s marketing dynamics to keep the Media focus centered, going NEO, resetting the A321 cabin exit limit, redesigning the aft Galley/Lavatory block, boosting the MTOW of A321 … and there’s more in the pipe to come ! … whilst somehow it seems that the flow of new ideas at Boeing is reaching exhaustion, as if the pressure is ebbing out of the 73X innovation thinktank ?
I think it is clear who’s the front runner at this moment. The NEO will have 2 engines that likely will both be more efficient and quieter. Then it has cargo capability and further upgrade potential. NEO being outsold is maybe the biggest MAX selling point at this moment. Boeing will respond long before 2020.
Maybe Boeing can take over the CSeries, do the CS500, do a second line and an offer a CFM engine option? Combined with 737-8 and 9 saves the decade and buys time for an NSA.
Just an anecdotal comment on Boeing.
Just after they lost the Cebu Pacific order, I was drinking with Cebu Pacific contacts and one of the expat guys involved in the negotiations dropped a bomb!
Neither A or B offer an armoured cockpit door, and both were asked for the price.
By the time Boeing responded, Cebu had signed a contract for the A319’s.
I believe this is true, but it reflects an attitude issue with Chicago.
With Jetblue, Frontier and other glaring errors of judgement, is it any wonder they have lost market share?
I think suggesting an an attitude issue is far too generalizing, there always will be surprises, unforseen developments and different points of view.
Sometimes however I’ve been amazed by the steep denial when the writing was on the wall and the use of half truths to create public perceptions. Sometimes I wondered if they were just creating useful perceptions or did not know what was happening.
Nose up responses from Chicago all the way, w’re ahead, it will stay 50-50, or better! ..
Maybe Boeing should pay more attention to other opinions, since many prove more accurate then their own.
Never flinch. Never appear uncertain.
Present yourself as the obvious victor.
To a degree this works exceptionally well.
Boeing should stop reading their own PR releases, it is one thing to manipulate public opinion, but smart companies don’t believe their own PR!
It would be interesting to know which plane family is more profitable for the airlines, although considerably more difficult to calculate. Sales is partly a proxy for that.
Of some note, perhaps, would be the total sales of 737-100 and -200 prior to that window (or just mentioning that the frame was designed/laid out in 1964, some 20 years prior to the A320) , and of course the fact that for a substantial portion of the time frame from the chart, there was AT LEAST one other Boeing single aisle offering, which sold over a thousand frames, which shall not be mentioned by name.
But it seems that if you are to project forward for A320NEO-LR sales as an advantage, by comparison an equal projection backward to /unnamed-now deceased-Boeing-frame/ would also be fair. Of course, a certain narrow body trijet also ended production in Sept 1984, and there was the 717 production run during the 1984-present analysis as well (just 156 frames but the integration of this sales campaign/winding down certainly impacted considerations for Boeing regarding narrow body updates, again in the post-1984 window.) And these considerations do not address the “Boeing” MD series at all.
It just seems a bit simplistic to compare exclusively classic/NG/Max to CEO/NEO absent a mention of how/why the products got to that (starting) point.
Boeing and Airbus engage in the debate over whether the 737 or A320 families are the best sellers. None of the other equipment types are relevant to this discussion because Airbus and Boeing framed the debate.
Uh, did they really frame up the debate? Boeing made the (correct) claim, which you refer to in the first part of the article, that the 737 has sold in a greater number since than the A320. You countered that claim by making the restriction (also fair, I might add) of only looking at sales from the launch of the A320. But that’s a framing that you made, and not Boeing.
In other words texl1649 is absolutely right in his suggestion that sales of the 727 and 757 are also of note in an AvB comparison that aims to be fair.
When I go to ISTAT conferences and there are posters by Airbus comparing A320 to 737 to counter Boeing claims, that’s the debate.
Since 2002 Airbus delivered each year more A320 than Boeing 737.
On each page 100 aircraft. So there are just about 300 more 737 than A320 on duty.
– Those pages also include aircraft written off, stored and on order. Use the status filter to see them grouped.
The status filter is on.
If the 737-7 and A319 are a dying class I would suggest that the 737-8 and A320 are the real, upsized, replacements for the A319 and 737-700NGs currently in use. Capacity wise the A320 goes closer, and you get containerisation as a bonus, so I think Airbus might have an advantage going forward as they maybe cover that market better. I can’t see them wanting to stretch it, as some readers think they should.
The real question is,who made the most money,or whose region benefited most economically or from employment.i suspect Boeing, and the U.S. on account of American content in a320.what would you have done differently to Boeing?NSA instead of 787,or instead of 777x.its another very tricky question,there’s always better technology just around the corner.sometimes you can’t just follow on with something better.
I just think Boeing and Airbus, in said discussions, should be taken as seriously as consumer advertisers such as Pepsi, Toyota, Ford or Chevrolet. Chevy certainly doesn’t admit that Ford will sell more Mustangs this year than they will Camaro’s (or Firebirds if they could unrealistically bring them back a la 757).
But they’re obviously not panicking to the point of replacing the Camaro with an all new model just because it’s now at 40% vs. the Stang. (And in truth neither care about Dodge).
Yes these are retail products with 20-40K price tags with much shorter shelf lives than airliners, I know. But I had fun with it, and the Mustang originally came out around when the 737 did, fwiw.
One year after the first flight of a Vickers VC10 the Porsche 911 was set free in public roads.
US automotive industie is a good example to avoid.
Btw, there is a nice museum at Zuffenhausen. The Spyder 918 looks small but very impressiv.
Based on order numbers and capabilities it seems that the A-319 neo and Max 7 are almost irrelevant, the A-320 neo and 321 neo will be highly successful for a long time as will Max 8 though perhaps not as long, and Max 9 is marginal.
A Boeing Twin Aisle new small aircraft discussed a couple of weeks ago which could replace Max 9 and 757 might be a gamble based on weight, cost and fuel consumption vs. A 321 neo and 321 neo LR but it would offer a radical upgrade in comfort and loading/unloading. A 2-2-2 coach and 1-2-1 first/ business would be a world better than anybody’s 3-3 and 2-2 narrow body. Would people pay a little more to fly on that?
I just can’t avoid using the US car industry as an analogy: Look at how GM has sat by too long with their commercial vans and did little to invest in bringing a better competitor to the Mercedes Sprinter. Same can go for Ford with it’s Econoliner. Is this an American thing to squeeze out as much juice with as little investment? Boeing argues commonality but for goodness sakelook at the 737! It’s like the a time warp. They could have at least reengineered a taller landing gear to get a bigger engine diameter.
Makes perfect sense. I also get the creeps when I compare the cockpit of a 737 with that of an A320.
Sales in the real term is actually sold, i.e. made AND turned over to a customer.
Boeing is working up to making more than Airbus so its market share will go up.
However, Airbus has an advantage (I believe) they can get more money for their A320 series than Boeing can for the 737s and the knife to the heart of the A321 that Boeing has no answer for. Long term that will hurt Boeing.
Granted, with a few miner modifications Boeing could put a 787 wing on the 737 and have a real winner but that is a bit down the road yet.
You think that 737-100 grandfathering would survive a CFRP wing ?
( I’d not be too surprised either. The way FAA and Boeing are “interwoven”. The 777X looks like it will be grandfathered from the 777 certification.
Two quotations and a remark.
Then Airbus can get more money for the A320s Airbus can also pay more to important suppliers. Boeing may build more airframes but what’s the value of a 737 without e.g. seats? The single aisle freighter market is not so big.
That’s what Leeham did here as well.
Also, if you care to compare actual numbers delivered, Airbus has consistently out-delivered Boeing in the narrowbody world for more than the last decade (as has been pointed out before).
Another point – which I’ve made to you before – is that if you want to predict numbers delivered 5 years from now, orders are indeed your best bet.
If manufacturer X engages in more overbooking than manufacturer Y, you still have a good-enough data basis at this point to be able to see by how much orders and actual deliveries diverge, i.e. you can take this overbooking into account and adjust your projections accordingly. On that point – if you do believe that Airbus does more overbooking than Boeing, do present your analysis that shows and quantifies this and we can continue the debate on that. However, it would still be very hard to overcome the fact that Airbus has been out-delivering the 737 quite consistently for a good while now.
I think it’s intellectually dishonest to not allow orders as a major parameter when trying to predict deliveries 5 years from now (because it’s only deliveries that count), while allowing planned (!) production increases to influence one’s projections of market share (based on deliveries) in the future.
Using that approach, a lot of Soviet airliners would have long overtaken Boeing and MDD before the 737 Classic ever even took to the skies.
As it stands, Airbus has more orders for NEO than Boeing does for MAX – and Airbus in 2018 certainly has enough A320 FALs to be able to increase production rates as well; so there is currently no reason to believe that, based on numbers actually delivered, the market share of NEO vs MAX will be substantially different from the market share currently seen in MAX and NEO orders.
That would be one oversized wing, unless you mean “787 technology wing”. In either case – not a minor modification, and thus not something we’ll ever see in real life (nor will we see an A320 with an A350 technology wing). The 737 frame has already been pushed as far as it can go economically. Adding a new wing and new engines in 10-15 years’ time, the modifications required easily amount to development costs that will warrant doing a from-scratch design instead that will be much more optimised than 2030 wings, materials, engines, landing gear stuck onto a 1960s fuselage.
Isn’t that excatly what the 777X represents?
IMU keeping the original Alu wingbox ?
What I am arguing is not long term, planning etc or overbooking between one or the other.
The real market percentage is aircraft made and turned over to a customer. The so called “sales” backlog and percentage is indicative of where they are going, no argument there. You might just as well call it “Aircraft Futures Market” (certainly when its more than a few years out).
That should be carefully evaluated on a year to year basis to see what the reality is. To be ridiculous, an A320 sold in 2025 is irrelevant to a 737 sold in 2015. You can look real good if your sales are moved out that far because you can’t produce enough to meet the need, but no one has a clue what we will have in 2020.
If Boeing works up to 60 a month and Airbus makes 50, then Boeing has a %54 percent of the Current year Market.
Yes they do have to know what the so called sales are in the future, but that is internal planing and not external.
I don’t disagree that Airbus has made more than Boeing and their % is higher.
If Boeing can make and sell the 60 a month (roughly target for the future) then that is the real market percentage.
Down the road, its a different story, but right now, actual fact looks to be Boeing will make more than Airbus. That can change as well.
Economic advantage is all Airbus as is a better airframe to sell currently and into the future.
I have repeatedly said the 737 should have been replaced a generation ago, Boeing is in a single aisle hole, the A321 puts them in deeper. The high production plan is short term desperation.
On the other hand, if you need a single aisle in the near future and Airbus can’t deliver it to you, then a 737 in the Air is worth a lot more than an A320 sometime down the road (and in numbers needed for fleet operations.
Also future sales can be terminated by simply not making your payments (or deferring). Its a shifty nebulous item. Current production that is sold is real.
So what you’re trying to say, in a few more words, is that Boeing has announced a higher production rate than Airbus has so far, so based on that, their market share will be higher.
a) Airbus can increase their production rates as well.
b) If you have 40% of orders but 60% of actual production output… you’ll either be producing white tails, or you’ll be ploughing through your backlog a lot more quickly than your competitor.
That’s a pretty big if, and it doesn’t even take into account that Boeing could indeed reach 60 a month, but Airbus still surpasses that production rate.
Down the road, its a different story, but right now, actual fact looks to be Boeing will make more than Airbus.
And it looks like they’ll thus just empty their backlog more quickly than Airbus will (assuming Airbus don’t increase their production as well, which I suspect they will).
True, but that’s already factored into prices and production slot availability anyway.
Also future sales can be terminated by simply not making your payments (or deferring). Its a shifty nebulous item.
Not really. Airbus and Boeing have been in business for a while and we have a pretty good idea how many cancellations they’ll see on average. As do Boeing and Airbus themselves, who allow for these when booking slots.
Current production that is sold is real.
You were just talking about the announced production rates which in your view favour Boeing, now you’re saying “current production” is the only thing that’s real, which brings us back to my original points that a) current production sees Airbus ahead and b) current production alone isn’t a good indicator of future performance.
In 2014 Airbus delivered a grand total of five more a320s than Boeing did 737s. This slim lead will likely disappear in 2015.
Boeing had a sales advantage of over 100 in wide bodies which is where the real profits are.
Regardless a shorter backlog will indeed help sale 737s and sales are where money is made and can be plowed into the enormous task of starting a clean sheet design.
Boeing delivered 114 787 … at >$30m loss each.
In theory you are correct. But Boeing turned all the wrong screws : Increasing immature production is one of those money voids.
Project accounting allows to cloak that away though.
is Boeing strategically trying to run out the 737 backlog as quickly as possible in order to manufacture a downturn/layoff/shutdown at Renton in order to be able to more easily put manufacturing for the 797 in a more “business friendly” state?
on the other hand, Boeing has about an 8 year backlog at projected production rates, so maybe they are just trying to not poison the well by talking about the 797 before the -Max even flies….
Very far sighted. Quite plausible given the facts…it makes serious business sense on ground (assuming it is not a change in strategy by Boeing as it had probably already acknowledged an already lost cause in this class/size of aircraft)!
I think absorbing and believing Boeings statements on 737 production rates and a 2030 replacement is a choice. Lets leave it at that.
No doubt is there, A320 family proofs to be much more popular among world airliners than B737 family. Boeing has to recognize that.
i think this story is made by a pro-Airbus and lacks a lot of real technical data, anyway is just your opinion.
Where lies the country of Columbia? Never heard of it.
Avianca is the flag carrier for Colombia. obvious spelling errors aren’t really worth a discussion.
Wow, that´s a late reply now. But just to make it clear. That was NOT a spelling error. Half of English speakers tend to get this beautiful country´s name wrong. It just shouldn´t happen, especially here. Great article anyway. Found it again after a year and half.
Another way to tell the difference between these two jets is by sound. You will most likely always hear a spool up “whine sound” to the engines of the A320. Where as the 737 in any variant lacks this sound. The space inside is also a factor as the A320 “trumps” pardon the pun the 737 in that area as well. It’s a no wonder why i prefer flying on JetBlue who only uses Airbus A320’s and a few Embraer 175 and 190 variants. As opposed to SouthWest who solely uses 737’s particularly the 500 & 700 variants. A320’s in my opinion are a far nicer plane by far to travel on. | 2019-04-19T13:21:59Z | https://leehamnews.com/2014/11/17/a320-v-737-the-sales-winner-is/?shared=email&msg=fail |
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This is the location you can user interface with the possible consumers to fabricate business, customers who are particularly crazy about exactly what you offer the table as well as also find the one outstanding contract you have been looking for.
When someone first connects with the account, they will choose a prompt arrangement to continue going after or pass on to the complying with account that is likely your competitor. Because of this, you’ve to center around progressing the account to affect it to arise.
You have the extraordinary position of standing where you are today, viewing how you showed up and also focusing on where you are going. You get the opportunity to earn your tale.
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It might be predictable and also time-worn – yet the what’s what is key phrases and the succeeding uncover capacity is exactly what affecting the Internet globe to go round. Consider exactly what someone may kind into Google if they were hunting down somebody like you.
Think verb, point, comparable word, as well as acronym. What is your company name? These are keywords to utilize in your account.
You call for a lift pitch or speech, and you need to include it to LinkedIn. linkedin without login A “lift speech” is that very brief speech you would use (pitch) to a main amidst the ride as much as his office or to her automobile. You have potentially 30 secs to pitch an unthinkable tale, publication or believed to them.
You have to do likewise with your LinkedIn brand. In the event that someone messages you or you need to speak with them about your brand, have a respectable lift speech prepared. In the event that it is in on-line message framework, you can use a one section pitch.
Do they certainly have these various actual friends? Do they actually talk with this many people?
LinkedIn is a professional systems management account, so essentially going out and interfacing with your companions truly isn’t really crucial. Browse out people in your field, search for those you appreciate or who speak to their organization in a way you such as.
Superior amongst other approaches to LinkedIn Profile Optimization in addition to to construct the networking potential and to discover brand-new service associates is to utilize the posting device. Make up web content on the topic you are occupied with. Make a week by week or biweekly blog site because your very own brand name. This will certainly help support the exposure and bring extra connections. There are a number of LinkedIn profile optimization instances that you can check out and also these LinkedIn profile optimization examples will certainly assist you to improve your very own brand name.
When you make a LinkedIn account you will wind up with some overwhelmed wreckage of a URL. It motivates it to emerge on a web page and also will help in LinkedIn profile optimization and in addition improve your very own brand.
Make use of an account picture that talks to your specialist side as well as user interfaces with the service. There is numerous LinkedIn profile optimization examples that you can look and see just what kind of pictures they have published on their account.
You don’t normally have to make material in order to help your very own brand name. In case you read something that talks to your brand name well, regardless of whether you didn’t make it yourself, share it and like it. Others will see this. This could attain new links primarily to leverage the various other content and likewise help in LinkedIn profile optimization.
It doesn’t make a difference on the occasion that you are at first stages of the company, are merely beginning to remove or in situation that you are a vapor train and also nothing could prevent you from development. By exploiting these tips, you will certainly see the increased enthusiasm for your account, as well as you will certainly organize your profile over the opposition, which is something you need to achieve your defined objectives. | 2019-04-20T00:58:00Z | https://www.iranfactfile.org/linkedin-without-login/ |
In which I suggest that Duff & Phelps seem to be missing the point of “punishment” and that the silence of the SPL regarding the “unfair advantage” gained by Rangers is inexplicable.
Following last night’s brief thoughts, I have had a chance to review what the official Rangers website and through that, the administrators have been saying.
My comments are in bold below the relevant sections.
RANGERS fans are in shock today after the SFA’s Appellate Tribunal refused to rescind a transfer embargo imposed on the club last month by a Disciplinary Panel.
Once again the club – represented by leading QC Richard Keen – put forward a compelling case that the main charge of non-payment of PAYE, NIC and VAT was down to the actions of Craig Whyte and not the club.
There seems to have been a conscious decision to refer to the case put forward by Rangers as “compelling”. There have been a number of uses of the word in the context of the case and the evidence on the Rangers website.
Can Rangers produce publicly this “compelling” case? Sadly for Rangers it was not compelling enough either for Gary Allan QC’s Panel or for Lord Carloway’s Tribunal. The Judicial Panel which assessed the original verdict and penalty heard Rangers’ evidence and this was not seriously disputed. However, as a matter of law, there was no argument presented, as following Tesco v Nattrass there is not one, that Mr Whyte and Rangers were distinct. The argument was one based on “equity”. It failed.
The argument referred to in the Judicial Panel decision did not seem compelling either. Various witnesses confirmed either that they knew that Mr Whyte had stopped paying tax, and did nothing about it, or knew that there were matters of concern, and failed to fulfill their duties to shareholders, Stock Market and indeed the company.
Rangers fans might well be in shock, but a proper analysis of Mr Allan’s decision and the summary of that of Lord Carloway’s appeal panel would remove any legitimate reason for that shock.
They also explained the severe impact a transfer ban would have but the Appellate Tribunal upheld the decision.
The Appeal Tribunal considered Rangers’ plea in mitigation and rejected it. I am sure the eminent Mr Keen QC who appeared for Rangers would have deployed every argument open to him, but, as regards the sentence, a plea in mitigation normally involves some recognition of guilt and steps being taken towards rehabilitation. That does not seem to be the case here. Rangers appear to be in the position of an accused who vigorously maintains innocence all through the trial. Once convicted counsel for the accused cannot offer a serious apology, having denied matters all the way through.
In fact, explaining the effect that the penalty will have in the graphic detail given by Rangers actually justifies the severity of the penalty!
I may have missed it, but I have seen little if any apology for the non-payment of £13 million in tax, nor for the fact that HMRC will not see much, if any of that, whilst at the same time there is no chance of anything from the Big Tax Case being paid. Nobody has yet explained to me how Rangers did not benefit from the £13 million. There was over £3 million in Rangers bank when Duff & Phelps moved in. Presumably that was the balance of the money left, after the rest had gone paying the bills, including wages of players that Rangers would not otherwise have been able to afford to keep!
This is such a clear-cut case of taking an unfair advantage, as described by Neil Doncaster, that I cannot see why the SPL has not acted to withhold prize money. After all, the SPL proceeded against Hearts under the utmost good faith rule for being, allegedly, one day late. Here, by use of money which was due to HMRC, Rangers maintained their place in the league, to the point where the 10-point penalty has proved meaningless. Almost every team in the SPL below Rangers should be one step up the prize money ladder. Why is no one mentioning this?
Now we move to the statement issued late last night by the Rangers administrator.
AN SFA independent appeals panel has this evening upheld a decision to impose a 12-month transfer embargo on the club.
Duff and Phelps, administrators of Rangers Football Club, issued the following statement tonight.
Paul Clark, joint administrator, said: “The decision by the appellate tribunal to uphold the sanction, namely the suspension of registration of players for one year, is not competent in the view of the club and its legal advisers.
“Such a sanction was not available to the tribunal and should not have been imposed and it is the intention of the club to challenge the determination. The club will consider seeking review of this most disappointing decision and it is a matter of regret that the certainty and finality Rangers sought on this matter has not been achieved.
It is legitimate to argue about the competency of the suspension. Mr Keen, Rangers QC, would have deployed that argument with customary skill, eloquence and precision. However it failed to convince the Appeal Tribunal.
The best explanation of the competency of the original Tribunal to impose such a penalty comes from Grant Russell of STV. He described the position here.
“Rule 94.1 refers to the powers of the judicial panel, stating it “shall be the sole judge” when a club “in any way brings the game into disrepute or any other grounds it considers sufficient”.
… the Scottish FA essentially has the power to call a club before the judicial panel for any reason it wishes, even if a specific rule hasn’t been breached.
Rule 95 then provides a mechanism for an independent tribunal to impose any sanction it wishes outwith the guidelines set down by the Judicial Panel Protocol, leading to the decision to hit Rangers with a registration embargo.
It states: “The Judicial Panel shall have the jurisdiction, subject to the terms of the Judicial Panel Protocol, to deal with any alleged infringement of any provision of these articles.
The Judicial Panel therefore had the power to impose any punishment as it saw fit. The statement that the sanctions included the ones contained in the Protocol does not mean that they were restricted to them.
To be frank, that is an elementary matter of interpretation.
The use of the word “review” suggests to me the way that Rangers will seek to challenge this. It looks like a Judicial Review. That however is such an exciting topic, I will deal with it in a separate post.
Disappointed? That is to be expected. Dismayed? Not if they had read the decision being appealed against.
I can understand why Mr Green hoped the decision would be “commuted”. However, what was the ground for doing so? Did Mr Green expect the Appeal Panel to change the penalty to suit the fact he hopes to buy the club?
As he is in line to be the buyer, at least of the assets, then maybe he will be funding a challenge to the verdict, After all, it would primarily be for his benefit!
Ah. Now this is an interesting comment. Sandy Jardine says that fans will find it hard to take it that the club is being punished for the actions of “individuals”. This is the official Rangers website, so I suspect an argument that he had been misquoted or take out of context would not work.
Is this the only acknowledgement so far by Rangers that there were more people to blame than Mr Whyte? Maybe someone will ask Mr Jardine to whom he is referring.
Excellent article that really poses some questions for the SFA/SPL and clearly explains, as does this site, the inticacies of the recent Tribunals decisions.
As an old-fashioned retired insolvency practitioner, I’m finding it somewhat difficult to see how in what fashion the Joint Administrators are ‘looking after’ the interests of the Rangers’ creditors!!
Playing Devils Advocate for a minute and disregarding the media spin coming from RFC (IA) and D&P one could argue that the administrators have been acting in the interests of the creditors by getting the club, by whatever means necessary, to the end of the season to 1) allow the club to collect SPL prize money and 2) stop the players walking for nothing and instead being able to sell them once the transfer window reopens.
This alone could have added £10-20 million to the creditors pot.
I thought they weren’t allowed to prioritise “Football Creditors”?
Anyhow, even if they do the total debt is reduced with money they wouldn’t have otherwise received which benefits the rest of the creditors in the inevitable winding-up.
As does the ability to sell the players that can be sold when the window reopens rather than having them walk mid-season for nothing if Rangers had not fulfilled their fixtures.
Thanks Paul for your usual first class summary, analysis and comment. As a child I was always warned that liars are always found out. On the subject of Mr Jardine; is he still on the payroll of RFC*IA? If so, why? What justifies his position? Surely continued payment of his salary harms the interests of creditors?! In the same vein, how can D & P justify paying wages to 40 players for the past 13 weeks?
Agree about Willie Pullar still being on the payroll. Apparently he’s paid approx £70k a year – the savings from this could have paid a lot of the smaller creditors. Hopefully any further appeal will ask him about that wee slip concerning “individuals”.
Jardine is not the sharpest tool in the box. His comments are not worthy of consideration.
Another good post Paul. Interesting point regarding the Jardine comments about the actions of individuals. Isn’t this the case with any company? Any decisions or actions taken by a company must be taken by an individual or individuals acting for that company. Therefore does it not render Jardine’s argument irrelevant?
To tell the truth, I think that noting Jardine’s use of the plural is a bit of a red herring. I believe he probably intended that it would be understood he was referring to CW, and is simply a lazy speaker. He is certainly not a renowned orator. I think he probably just meant “an individual”, and too much is being read into it.
I actually believe the punishment to be fairly light given the fact that they have 40 players on the books a number of which will have contracts running after the next transfer window, the staggering amount of debt and the utter imcompetance of several members of the board.
That said Dundee did have the benefit of having Bryan Jackson as the administrator who was able to deliver a CVA and steer the club towards stability. Rangers…well!!!
Excellent post Paul. RFC (ia) are actually lucky not not to have been thrown out of the SPL as this was the extreme option open to the Judicial Panel. Mr Green has also failed to name his consortium so why is he even a player in this, and being accomodated by the SFA at meetings?
I also suspect HMRC will not want to make any comment on RFC (ia) and D&P until the FTT findings are revealed, which is to be awaited with baited breath. There summary of events may be very damming to D&P’s standing in the finance world, if they have any left.
There seems to be some misplaced anger on behalf of the Rangers fans. Rather than vent their anger in the form of ‘boycott’ or ‘protest at SFA events’ would it not suit them to perhaps protest at those actually responsible for such mis-management ? 10 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh EH2 4DR, that would be a fair starting point.
Might I suggest they be allowed, nay – actively encouraged, to continue with their plans to boycott away games? Aberdeen would be a much nicer place to be on matchdays were Rangers (Div 3) to ever play here again, for a start. Stewarty Milne might miss their few quid, but nobody else would.
If any of these people had read the findings of the first panel they shouldn’t be too surprised that the appeal was turned down, and should be relieved that the punishment was merely confirmed and not increased.
The fine was pretty small in the scheme of things (a months wages for one of the squad a few years ago) and they wouldn’t be registering many players anyway.
I feel that what really damaged Rangers were the facts. So damning that all thoughts of a newco waltzing back into the SPL and taking their old seat at the table, having shed all the debts for pennies and blaming everything else on Craig Whyte, seems inconceivable.
The panel changed the landscape for good by setting out the facts in a clear and objective fashion. Any further investigations will have to live up to those high standards and the Appeal certainly has.
We don’t hear as much about Scottish football needing Rangers, the tide has turned and a lot of people seem to be distancing themselves.
Not only are people distancing themselves some have positively gone underground. When was the last time we heard Paul Murray whining about D&P, or Martin Bain claiming he is owed 300K, or the South African tax dodger Dave King (is he still a Director of RFC?).
Unfortunately we are still subjected to the disgraceful, threatening utterances from Sandy Jardine and the ill informed, infantile rants of Ally McCoist. Perhaps, though unlikely, the SFA/SPL will act against Ally in the same way they did with Neil Lennon.
What Rangers football club (in administration) fail to understand is that they at the moment, are being punished for Craig Whyte’s failings. When UEFA get involved, Rangers will be very fortunate if there is still a football club to support. I understand that a number of European football clubs have spoken to UEFA about Rangers fielding ineligible players against them in European competitions since 2001.
Who is advising Rangers Football Club on legal matters?
As a self confessed legal know nothing, I would never have appealed the decision of the tribunal. It was clear to me, having read the tribunal findings and Pauls excellent analysis, that the punishment was fair and legal. It was also pointed out in the “note of reason” that Rangers had no issue with getting a fair hearing and the tribunal using the Tesco vs Nattrass case as the basis for their findings.
In every legal blog I read after the tribunals findings were published, the opinion was that the findings were sound and Rangers would fail on appeal.
Surely Mr Keen would have advised Rangers of this. If that is the case then are D&P further guilty of not looking after creditors interests as I am sure Mr Keen commands a hefty fee.
It seems to me that D&P are spending money on legal advice and court proceedings that should be going into the creditors pot. To date I do not believe they have had a single win in court or at the tribunals. Perhaps they should read this blog (and web3dlaw) prior to spending any more of other peoples money.
I think it is time for an officer of the court to advise D&P that they must look after creditors first and not be so intent in looking after the new owners interests.
Apologies to D&P, apparently the Rangers fans Fighting Fund covered the costs of the appeal.
On the basis that the Administrators ‘are’ the Club, their law agents are Biggart Baillie LLP – a pretty large law firm.
However – I’m doing my ‘mantra’ again – WHAT ABOUT THE CREDITORS? Do we yet know the results of the creditors’ ‘correspondence’ meeting? Is there any creditor out there – no matter the size of his debt – who’d like to give a mandate to Paul (or even to me!) – so that the Administrators might be ‘approached;?
Mind you, I’ll be interested to see what hapens in the Court of Session in the morning!
Ally McCoist is not so vociferous this time round. Where’s he at?
Far East? I read he somewhere he is with a young Rangers squad that takes part in a “prestige” Sevens Tournament. I wonder who is paying for that if it’s true?
It looks to me that Greens’ group dosen’t have all their funding in place yet.
Needs quoting on Rangers fansites if it hasn’t been already.
Paul, I was wondering if you knew whether Neil Doncaster would be affected financially if the TV deal he brokered were to collapse? If he stands to lose “bonuses” then it would surely be hard for him to look objectively at the situation?
Debt is evil. Innocent people (not only creditors) suffer because of it.
Because of what I have done in my personal life, I am guilty, and forever tainted, no matter how I may try to atone in future for past sins.
Rangers Football Club (as a corporate entity) is guilty, and will be forever tainted, unless they (somehow manage to) pay every single penny they owe (although I feel sorry for their non-playing staff and supporters).
But there appears to be a lot of people jumping on the “bash Rangers” bandwagon.
There appears to be a lot of people taking the moral high ground on the Rangers saga who perhaps shouldn’t be, don’t you think, Mr McConville?
I wonder what that’s all about. It doesn’t prove anything. It would appear to involve debt in some way though. Pot? Kettle? Black?
I was bankrupted by HMRC. Their agent told me that my proposals for resolving the issue made commercial sense but did not accord with a new policy adopted by HMRC.
As a result my practice closed and I have not worked as a solcitor since.
I know all about issues of debt (and there is a long story re my dealings with HMRC that I don’t intend to bore people with) and the effects of it on people.
I am sorry you feel forever guilty yourself Bill.
First off, I admire you for publishing my post, and for making a polite response to it. (I see there are already thumbs down for my post. So be it).
To be clear, I do not consider myself a Rangers’ supporter (I have attended very few games), although I do follow football, and do have a “leaning” towards Rangers. Or at least I did. I am coming to the conclusion that they (RFC, the company) should have the book thrown at them. Unfortunately, as is always the case in such events, innocent people would also suffer.
Whyte is an opportunist. I suspect his plan may have backfired. Time will tell.
Murray is/was a dreamer. Assuming the EBT case goes against Rangers, IMO, Murray (and his advisers) are equally as culpable as Whyte.
Lloyds Bank are not squeaky clean either.
But I think the real villains are the players (in general, not specifically Rangers). The money they demand (and get) is obscene. No other “business” could (or would be allowed to) survive with such an income to wages ratio.
I also think there must be a few “squeaky bums” in other football boardrooms right now.
Some rangers fans are claiming that Charles Green/consortium have already bought whytes shares in rangers, is this correct?
But, if they (the SFA, and not the Administrators) withhold money in accordance with their rules, would it not be seen as a penalty for rule breaking? It never gets into the Administrator’s pot in the first place, because it is no longer theirs.
My question would be hypothetically, can Everton pay, or be asked (by UEFA, for example) to pay Rapid Vienna, rather than to Rangers any outstanding money due to them in the Jelavic transfer?
Rangers have asked the Court of Session to overturn a year-long transfer ban imposed on the club by the Scottish Football Association. Lawyers for the club said the ban would cause them “utterly irretrievable” prejudice if it was upheld. They claim the embargo is unlawful and outside the powers of the SFA tribunal.
Surely by adopting this route of appeal D&P have exposed Rangers to further football sanctions. FIFA statutes (statutes 62-66 as ratified in August 2011) expressly prohibit clubs from resorting to “Ordinary courts of law” to resolve disputes. These same statutes require national associations to insert specific clauses in their own statutes and regulations to ensure the compliance of member clubs. FIFA recognises an exclusive right (subject to very limited exception where specific provision is made in their statutes) of The Court of Arbitration for Sport as the tribunal to resolve disputes. They appear to have adopted these rules to ensure a universal standard is applied globally to the resolution process. It appears that FIFA explicitly and specifically prohibit Rangers from challenging this ban in the national courts and that they have placed a positive obligation on the SFA to ensure compliance. If my understanding is correct D&P are not only using the very limited funds available to them to challenge a ruling by one of the most eminent legal minds in the country but the are doing so in such a manner as to invite further sanctions from the Football Authorities. How can this be seen to be operating in the interests of the creditors as a whole? | 2019-04-26T02:58:57Z | https://scotslawthoughts.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/statements-from-rangers-regarding-the-failed-appeal-re-transfer-embargo/ |
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A survey might be correlated in almost any area. | 2019-04-25T13:53:06Z | http://minutelynews.com/12-lebenslauf-muster-2016-kostenlos-download/ |
1990-11-27 Assigned to BAUSCH & LOMB INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF NEW YORK reassignment BAUSCH & LOMB INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF NEW YORK ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: VALINT, PAUL L. JR.
A method of modifying surfaces of polymeric objects which comprises immersing the polymeric object in an aqueous dispersion of a polymerizable surfactant, a cross-linking agent, and a free radical initiator and exposing the immersant to ultraviolet light to form a permanent, cross-linked surface coating on the object. Also disclosed are coated objects prepared by this method, which is particularly suited for coating contact lenses.
The present invention is directed to modifying the surfaces of solid materials and more particularly to the use of polymerizable surfactants for such modifications.
Surface structure and composition determine many of the physical properties and ultimate uses of solid materials. Characteristics such as wetting, friction, electrostatic charging, and adhesion are largely influenced by surface characteristics. Of particular concern are the effects of such surface characteristics on biocompatibility. The alteration of surface characteristics is therefore of special significance in biotechnical applications. Improved methods are accordingly sought for modifying solid surfaces, particularly the surfaces of polymeric objects.
Random, grafted, polymerized surfactants have been used to modify the surfaces of hydrophobic polymers by the adsorption of the surfactant onto the surfaces of polymeric objects from an aqueous dispersion. Lee, J. H., Interactions of PEO-Containing Polymeric Surfactants With Hydrophobic Surfaces, The University of Utah (1988)(hereinafter "Lee"). Lee--particularly concerned with reducing the absorption of blood plasma proteins on hydrophobic surfaces--teaches the synthesis of polymeric surfactants by random free radical copolymerization of a hydrophobic methacrylate (hexyl methacrylate or lauryl methacrylate), a hydrophilic methacrylate (polyethylene oxide methacrylate), and methyl methacrylate.
Akashi, M., et al., "Graft Copolymers Having Hydrophobic Backbone and Hydrophilic Branches. IV. A Copolymerization Study of Water-Soluble Oligovinylpyrrolidone Macromonomers," J. Polymer Sci.: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 27, pp. 3521-3530 (1989)(hereinafter "Akashi") teaches amphiphiles prepared by random free radical copolymerization of carboxyl group-terminated oligovinylpyrrodidone with methyl methacrylate or styrene. Syntheses of vinylphenyl-terminated and methacryloyl-terminated oligovinylpyrrolidone macromonomers are described.
Polymerizable surfactants have been used to modify the properties of polymers in aqueous solution. For example, Schulz, et al., "Copolymers of Acrylamide and Surfactant Macromonomers: Synthesis and Solution Properties," Polymer, Vol. 28, pp. 2110-2115 (Nov., 1987)(hereinafter "Schulz") describes macromonomer surfactants wherein the surfactant character is achieved by the addition of a small hydrophobic functionality (e.g., nonylphenol) to a water-soluble polyethylene oxide chain. Related materials and methods are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,075,411.
Polymerizable surfactants have also been used to modify the surface properties of solids. One class of materials used for this purpose are lipids (non-polymeric materials) which are rendered polymerizable by the addition of various functionalities such as methacrylate groups [Ringsdorf, H., et al., "Hydrophilic Spacer Groups in Polymerizable Lipids: Formation of Biomembrane Models form Bulk Polymerized Lipids," J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 107, pp. 4134-4141 (1985)] and various vinyl groups [Ringsdorf, H., et al., "Saturated and Polymerizable Amphiphiles with Fluorocarbon Chains. Investigation in Monolayers and Liposomes," J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 106, pp. 7687-7692 (1984)]. These polymerizable lipid surfactants have been used to prepare liposomes used in the formation and stabilization of biomembrane models (often referred to as polymeric liposomes).
Polyfunctional polymerizable surfactants have also been used in coatings to modify the surface properties of polymeric objects. European Patent Publication No. 153,133 (hereinafter "Regen"). Preferred polymerizable surfactants taught by Regen are polyfunctional lipids. Regen teaches that monofunctional polymerizable surfactants are ineffective for modifying surfaces of polymeric objects. Other polyfunctional polymerizable surfactants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,138.
An object of Regen was to overcome the limitations of Langmuir-Blodgett processes, especially when applied to more complex surface topographies. Polymerizable surfactants have of course been employed in Langmuir-Blodgett films. These multilayer surfactant assemblies are exploited in microlithography and other opto-electronic systems. Fendler, J.H., "Polymerized Monolayers from a Styrene Functionalized Surfactant," Colloids and Surfaces, Vol. 35, pp. 343-351 (1989).
Contact lenses are conventionally produced by one of three general techniques--lathing, static casting, and spin casting. Combinations are also known. For example, semi-finished buttons (having one final lens surface) may be formed by static or spin casting and the second lens surface may be produced by lathing. Static and spin casting have the advantage of producing lenses with fewer processing steps than lathing. In either of the molding techniques, the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens may be formed in one step. Static casting does this by providing two mold surfaces; spin casting does this by providing a mold surface to form the anterior surface and by using the forces generated by spinning liquid monomer to form the posterior surface.
One of the challenges faced when producing lenses by molding is achieving release of the lenses from the molds without damaging the lens surfaces. The phenomenon of lens adherence is a consequence of chemical interactions between mold surfaces and monomer mixtures during polymerization. Among the proposals to meet this challenge is U.S. Pat. No. 4,534,916, which teaches adding (nonpolymerizable) surfactants to the monomer mix. The surfactant addition is reported to improve the surface quality of lenses by decreasing the number of surface defects resulting from mold release (especially of xerogel lenses).
The '916 patent seeks improved surface quality by reducing lens damage during demolding. Others have sought to improve surface quality more directly--by surface modifications. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,123 teaches covalent attachment of (nonpolymerizable) surfactant molecules to a hydrogel lens surface.
The macromonomer technique for preparing graft copolymers of controlled architecture is well known. Macromonomers or macromers are polymers of molecular weight ranging from the hundreds to tens of thousands, with one of the end groups functionalized to enter into further polymerization. Milkovich, Chiang and Schultz demonstrated the synthesis and applications of a variety of macromers. R. Milkovich, M.T. Chiang, U.S. Pat. No. 3,842,050 (1974); Schultz, G. O. and Milkovich, R., J. App. Polym. Sci., 27, 4773 (1982); Schultz, G. O. & Milkovich, R., J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 1633 (1984).
Yamashita, Y.; "Synthesis and Application of Fluorine Containing Graftcopolymers," Polymer Bull., 335-340 (1981); "Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Graft Copolymers by Macromonomer Technique", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 36, 193-199 (1981); "Synthesis of N-Hydroxyethyl-N-Methylmethacrylamide and Its Use in the Macromonomer Synthesis", J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Letters Ed., 19, 629-636 (1981); (hereinafter "Yamashita") teaches a method of making macromers and the use of macromers to make graft copolymers. Yamashita used free radical polymerization in the presence of an effective chain transfer agent which controlled the molecular weight of the final macromer and also provided a functional end group. Thioglycolic acid, for example, is an effective chain transfer agent which provides a carboxylic acid functional end group. The end group can subsequently be reacted with, e.g., glycidyl methacrylate to give a terminal methacrylate polymerizable group. Yamashita used macromers of MMA to prepare graft copolymers of fluoroalkyl acrylates with polyMMA grafts. Yamashita does not teach the synthesis of polymerizable surfactants by the macromonomer technique.
wherein A is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer, B is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer, C is a functional chain transfer agent, D is an ethylenically unsaturated end group, y is within the range from about 0.1 to about 0.9, and x+y=1.
Notations such as "(meth)acrylate" or "(meth)acrylamide" are used herein to denote optional methyl substitution. Thus, methyl (meth)acrylate includes both methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, and N-alkyl (meth)acrylamide includes both N-alkyl acrylamide and N-alkyl methacrylamide.
Polymerizable surfactants useful in the practice of this invention include any of the many polymerizable surfactants known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such surfactants include: monofluoroalkyl esters of alkendioic acids, 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-alkylethane-1-sulfonic acid; α,ω,-(meth)acrylamidoalkanoic acid dimethylhexadecyl[11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyl]ammonium halide; dimethylhexadecyl[11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyl]ammonium dimethyl phosphate; 1-palmitoyl-2-[11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 1,2-bis[11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 1,2-bis(heptadeca-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 1,2-bis(heneicosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 1,2-bis(hexacosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; bis[10-(methacryloyloxy)decyl] hydrogen phosphate; bis[11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyl]dimethylammonium halide; and bis[11-(methacryloyloxy)undecyl]dimethylammonium dimethyl phosphate.
wherein A is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer, B is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer, C is a functional chain transfer agent, D is an ethylenically unsaturated end group, y is within the range of about 0.1 to about 0.9, and x+y=1.
Suitable ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomers ("A" in the above formula) include ethylenically unsaturated polyoxyalkylenes, polyacrylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinyl alcohols, poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or poly (HEMA), and N-alkyl-N-vinyl acetamides. Ethylenic unsaturation may be provided by (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, styrenyl, alkenyl, vinyl carbonate and vinyl carbamate groups. Preferred hydrophilic macromonomers include methoxypolyoxyethylene methacrylates of molecular weights from 200 to 10,000, more preferred are methoxypolyoxyethylene methacrylates of molecular weight range of 200 to 5,000 and most preferred are methoxypolyoxyethylene methacrylates of molecular weight range of 400 to 5,000. Additional preferred hydrophilic macromonomers include poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone methacrylates of molecular weights of 500 to 10,000. More preferred are poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone methacrylates of molecular weights of 500 to 5,000 and most preferred are poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone methacrylates of molecular weights of 1000 to 5,000. Other preferred hydrophilic macromonomers include poly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide methacrylates of molecular weights of 500 to 10,000. More preferred are poly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide methacrylates of molecular weights of 500 to 5,000 and most preferred are poly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide methacrylates of molecular weights of 1000 to 5,000.
Suitable ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomers ("B" in the above formula) include alkyl (meth)acrylates, N-alkyl (meth)acrylamides, alkyl vinylcarbonates, alkyl vinylcarbamates, fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylates, N-fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylamides, N-fluoroalkyl vinylcarbonates, N-fluoroalkyl vinylcarbamates, silicone-containing (meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides, vinyl carbonates, vinyl carbamates, styrenic monomers [selected from the group consisting of styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, para-methyl styrene, para-t-butyl monochloro styrene, and para-t-butyl dichloro styrene] and polyoxypropylene (meth)acrylates. Preferred hydrophobic monomers include methyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, perfluorooctyl methacrylate, methacryoyl oxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (TRIS).
The functional chain transfer agent ("C" in the above formula) controls the molecular weight of the copolymer and provides appropriate functionality for subsequent addition of a polymerizable group. Suitable functional chain transfer agents include mercapto carboxylic acids, mercapto alcohols (also known as hydroxymercaptans), and aminomercaptans. Preferred chain transfer agents include thioglycolic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol and 2-aminoethane thiol. The molar ratio of chain transfer agent to total monomer used in the copolymerization is preferably about 0.01 to about 3, more preferably about 0.02 to about 2, and still more preferably about 0.05 to about 1.
Selection of the ethylenically unsaturated end group ("D" in the above formula) is determined by the functional group of the functional chain transfer agent. For example, if the chain transfer agent contains a carboxylic acid group, glycidyl methacrylate can provide a methacrylate end group. If the chain transfer agent contains hydroxy or amino functionality, isocyanato ethyl methacrylate or (meth)acryloyl chloride can provide a methacrylate end group and vinyl chloro formate can provide a vinyl end group. Other combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Varying the ratio of hydrophilic monomer to hydrophobic monomer changes the surface properties of polymeric objects made from the surface active macromers. For example, when preparing contact lenses containing certain surface active macromers of this invention, it has been found that higher amounts of hydrophilic component optimized mold release characteristics of the lenses but that optimum clinical performance was obtained with a relatively lower amount of hydrophilic component. Accordingly, the selection of a particular ratio will be governed by the particular surface properties ultimately sought for the polymeric object. Generally, however, y is preferably in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.9, more preferably in the range from about 0.3 to about 0.9, and still more preferably in the range from about 0.5 to about 0.8.
The random copolymers, from which the surface-active macromers are derived, are prepared by copolymerizing at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer in the presence of a functional chain transfer agent. The random copolymers are formed by a free radical mechanism using a wide variety of known free radical catalysts such as the diacyl peroxides (e.g., benzoyl peroxide); dialkyl peroxides (e.g., di-tert-butyl peroxides); ketone peroxides (e.g., methylethyl ketone peroxide); and peresters which readily hydrolyze (e.g., tert-butyl peracetate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, di-tert-butyl diperphthalate). A particularly useful class of peroxy initiators are the organic hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, methylethyl ketone hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, etc. The initiators should be used at a concentration of about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the total formulation, preferably about 0.1 to about 5%. Another class of initiators comprises carbonyl-containing ultraviolet-activated free radical generators, such as acetophenone, benzophenone, and benzoin ethers. Other suitable UV initiators and initiator mixtures will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Solvents can be used in the process. Solvent choice will depend upon the solubility parameters of the comonomers used and should be chosen to allow full solubilization of all polymerizate components. Preferred solvents include tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, chloroform, dicloromethane, methanol and mixtures of these solvents.
The crosslinking agent employed in the coating method of this invention must be hydrophobic. The purpose of this invention is to render a hydrophobic polymer surface hydrophilic. The use of a hydrophobic crosslinking agent insures maximum coverage of such surface. In addition, the solubilization of a hydrophobic crosslinking agent by the polymerizable surfactant in aqueous solution provides a more intimate mixture of the surfactant and crosslinking agent and, thereby, a more effective surface coating.
Suitable crosslinking agents for this invention are hydrophobic molecules having two or more polymerizable groups. The polymerizable groups will be ethylenically unsaturated. The ethylenic unsaturation may be provided by (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, styrenyl, vinyl or other alkenyl functionality. Examples of suitable crosslinking agents include: allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, divinyl ethylene urea, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, divinyl benzene and 1,3-bis(4-methacryloxybutyl)tetramethyl siloxane.
The polymeric coating of this invention is formed by a free radical mechanism using a wide variety of known free radical catalysts such as the diacyl peroxides (e.g., benzoyl peroxide); dialkyl peroxides (e.g., di-tert, -butyl peroxides); ketone peroxides (e.g., methylethyl ketone peroxide); and peresters which readily hydrolyze (e.g., tert-butyl peracetate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, di-tert-butyl diperphthalate). A particularly useful class of peroxy initiators are the organic hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, methylethyl ketone hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, etc. The initiators should be used at a concentration of about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the total formulation, preferably about 0.1 to about 5%. Another class of initiators comprises carbonyl-containing ultraviolet-activated free radical generators, such as acetophenone, benzophenone, and benzoin ethers. Other suitable UV initiators and initiator mixtures will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Surface coatings of this invention are applied to a polymeric object by immersing the object in an aqueous dispersion of polymerizable surfactant, crosslinking agent, and free radical initiator and exposing the immersion to ultraviolet light. The concentration of polymerizable surfactant in the aqueous dispersion is preferably in excess of the surfactant's critical micelle concentration, CMC. The CMC is the concentration at which the surfactant molecules begin to associate into aggregates in solution [M. J. Rosen, "Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena", Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1989, p. 109]. Generally that molar concentration is in the range of about 0.1 to about 10-4. The crosslinker concentration in the aqueous dispersion will typically be in the range of about 1 to about 10-4 parts by weight. The free radical initiator concentration in the aqueous dispersion will typically be in the range of about 0.1 to 10-4 parts by weight.
The polymeric objects whose surfaces may be modified by these techniques include polymers having a wide variety of compositions and shapes. Polymeric objects of particular concern in the development of this invention were contact lenses and the particular surface modification sought was to increase surface wettability without sacrificing otherwise beneficial bulk properties of the polymeric material (especially oxygen permeability). Although the utility of the macromonomers of this invention will be further illustrated by referring particularly to their incorporation into contact lenses, it will be understood that the utility of the macromonomers of this invention is not so limited.
One class of contact lenses whose surface may be usefully modified by the macromonomers of this invention are soft hydrogel lenses. Conventional monomer systems for such lenses employ a hydrophilic monoolefinic monomer (i.e., a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer) and a polyolefinic (usually diolefinic) monomer (e.g., a polyethylenically unsaturated compound which functions as a cross-linking agent) in an amount sufficient to insolubilize the resulting hydrophilic hydrogel but insufficient to destroy the hydrophilic properties. Mixtures of hydrophilic monoolefinic monomers are used as well as mixtures of cross-linking agents. Other monomers which are copolymerizable with the hydrophilic monomer are also used to adjust various properties of the polymeric material, as is well known in the art.
Illustrative hydrophilic monomers include water soluble monoesters of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol having an esterifiable hydroxyl group and at least one additional hydroxyl group such as the mono- and poly-alkylene glycol monoesters of (meth)acrylic acid, e.g., ethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, and the like; the N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl substituted (meth)acrylamides such as N-methyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, and the like; N-vinylpyrrolidone and the alkyl substituted N-vinyl pyrrolidones; glycidyl (meth)acrylates; the unsaturated amines; the alkoxy ethyl acrylates; mixtures thereof; and others known to the art.
Illustrative di- or higher polyfunctional species employed as cross-linking agents are divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and the (meth)acrylate esters of polyols such as triethanolamine, glycerol, pentaerythritol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, mannitol, and sorbitol. Further illustrations include N,N-methylene-bis-(meth)acrylamide, sulfonated divinylbenzene, and divinylsulfone.
Illustrative of other copolymerizable monomers are hydrophobic (meth)acrylic esters such as alkyl (meth)acrylates wherein the alkyl moiety contains 1-5 carbon atoms.
While soft, hydrophilic, gel-type lenses may be modified by the macromonomers of this invention, of greater interest is the modification of lenses prepared from a formulation including at least one silicone monomer and at least one hydrophilic monomer. Included in this class of materials are soft contact lens formulations (both hydrogel and nonhydrogel) and rigid gas permeable contact lens formulations.
Preferred soft hydrogel formulations are those described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. Nos. 07/363,662 filed Jun. 7, 1989 and 07/364,204 filed May 2, 1989, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Other examples of useable formulations are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,136,250; 4,740,533; 4,711,943; 4,189,546; and 4,153,641.
z is 0 or 1.
The isocyanates which can be used in preparation of these urethane prepolymers include toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylene methane diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, dianisidine diisocyanate, 1,5 napthalene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyl ether diisocyanate, 4,4'(dicyclohexyl)methane diisocyanate, 1,3-bis-(isocyanato methyl)cyclohexane, cyclohexane diisocyanato, tetrachlorophenylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and 3,5-diethyl-4,4'-diisocyanato diphenyl methane.
Other diisocyanates which may be used are higher molecular weight diisocyanate formed by reacting polyamines which are terminally capped with primary or secondary amines, or polyhydric alcohols with excess of any of the above described diisocyanates. In general, these high molecular weight diisocyanates will have the general formula ##STR5## wherein R is a divalent organic radical with 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, X is --O--, or --NR'--, where R is --H or a lower alkyl, and B is a divalent organic radical.
The diisocyanate is reacted with low molecular weight diols or glycols such as 2,2-(4,4'dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane (bisphenol-A), 4,4'-iso-propylidine dicyclohexanol (hydrogenated biphenol-A), ethoxylated bisphenol-A, propoxylated bisphenol-A, 2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-pentane, αα'-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-p-diisopropyl benzene, 1,3 cyclohexane diol, 1,4-cyclohexane diol-1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, bicyclic and tricyclic diols such as 4,8-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-tricyclo [5.2.1.02,6 ] decane, neopentyl glycol, 1, 4 butanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and the like.
These hard segments form hard domains in the final polymer or copolymer by association via hydrogen bonding with other rigid segments. The degree of association within the hard domain can be modified by controlling the amount of hydrogen bonding between the segments by either 1) decreasing the overall weight content of the hard segment in the prepolymer by increasing the molecular weight of the soft segment or 2) by decreasing the amount of hydrogen bonding density in the hard segment by either using relatively soft, longer chained diols, or by using primary amines or secondary amines capped low molecular weight compounds in conjunction with the diisocyanates rather than the diols.
b) HO (CH2) (RP O)m (CH2) OH; and ##STR6## Formulae a) represents polyoxyalkyleneglycols. These diols include polymers prepared from the epoxides: ethylene oxide 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,2 epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 2,3-epoxy norborane, 1,2-epoxy-3-ethoxy propane, 2,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane, 2,3-epoxypropyl-4-methoxy phenyl ether, tetrahydrofluran, 1,2-epoxy-3-cyclohexyloxy propane, oxetane, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, 1,2-epoxyethylbenzene, 1,2-epoxy-1-methoxy-2-methylpropane, benzyloxy propylene oxide, the like and combinations thereof.
The preferred polymers of this class are polypropylene glycols of molecular weights, 2000, 3000 and 4000 and more and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers with molecular weight greater than 2000.
Formulae b) represents polyfluoroethers with α,ω- active hydrogens. This class of polymers can be synthesized as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,810,874. Generally, these polymers should have molecular weights between 400 and 10,000.
Formulae c) represents α,ω- dihydroxyl alkyl endblocked polysiloxane which for the purpose of the present invention should have a molecular weight in the range of 400 to 10,000. These polysiloxanes can be synthesized by reacting a disiloxane of the general formula ##STR7## with cyclopolydimethyl siloxane under acidic conditions.
Alternately, the disiloxane can be replaced with dimethoxydimethylsilane or diethoxy dimethyl silane to produce the α,ω-dihydroxy endcapped polysiloxanes.
The endcapping monomers used in the prepolymer are generally represented by the formula ##STR8## as defined supra. The Stage B reaction product is reacted with an excess of suitable acrylate or methacrylate esters containing a hydroxy or amine group on the non-acrylate or non-methacrylate portion of the monomer to form the endcaps of the above formula. Suitable endcap monomers include hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, 3 hydroxypropyl methacrylate, amino propyl methacrylate, hydroxyhexylacrylate, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, monoacrylate or monomethacrylate esters of bisphenol-A and/or bisphenol-B.
The urethane prepolymers are formed by two general synthetic approaches. One approach produces the hard-soft-hard prepolymer while the second approach produces the soft-hard-soft prepolymer.
where * denotes a urethane or a ureido linkage. STAGE A produces a so-called "Hard" segment. As is known to those skilled in polymer chemistry, the product •D*G*D• is the mathematical average of all reaction product molecules. The reaction product of the actual reaction will contain •O• and •D(*G*D)c *G*D with c≧2. Again, the formulas are numerical averages.
Optionally, STAGE B can be run with molar excess of A to produce multiblock polymers of the general formula •(D*G*D*A)a *D*G*D• where a is at least 1. This reaction product would be endcapped in STAGE C above.
In general, each of the reaction stages is run until the reactive step is complete. Reaction progress in STAGES A and B reactants can be monitored by acid base titration. The isocyanate content was calculated by the difference of acid equivalents between a stock solution dibutylamine and its reaction product with the diisocyanate reaction intermediate. The reaction was also monitored by ATR-IR for the appearance/disappearance of peaks at 1700 cm-1, which indicated the presence of ##STR9## and 2250 cm-1 which indicated consumption of --N═C═O.
The synthesis of the prepolymer may be run neat or in solution. A wide range of aprotic solvents can be used to synthesize the prepolymers of the present invention. Solvents useful in the synthesis include toluene, methylene, chloride, benzene, cyclohexane, hexane, heptane and the like. Preferred solvents are toluene, methylene chloride and mixtures thereof.
Reaction of the prepolymer precursors may be accomplished in the presence or absence of catalysts for urethane reactions, such catalysts being well known in the art. The first step of prepolymer synthesis where diisocyanate is first reacted with a short carbon chain (2 to 30 carbon atoms) diol, particularly where an aromatic diisocyanate is used, proceeds very rapidly, even in the absence of any catalyst. In fact, during the step of reacting diisocyanate and short chain diol, temperature control may be required in order to avoid/minimize side reactions.
Preferably, the first step of prepolymer synthesis in accordance with the present invention is carried out below about 100° C., most suitably within the range of from about 60° C. to about 90° C. Thereafter, the second step of the reaction is carried out at comparable temperatures, preferably within the range of from about 40° C. to 70° C. The final step of prepolymer formation suitably is effected at temperatures of from about room temperature to about 100° C., with a narrow range of from about 40° C. to about 50° C. being most preferred. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, optimal reaction conditions, such as temperatures and duration, are selected for each individual reaction system to achieve conditions that produce a favorable rate of reaction without fostering undesirable side reactions.
Among the suitable catalysts for use in prepolymer formation are tin salts and organic tin esters, such as dibutyl tin dilaurate, tertiary amines, such as triethyl diamine and other recognized catalysts, such as 1,4-diaza (2.2.2)-bicyclooctane (DABCO).
These silicone-containing prepolymers may be copolymerized with a wide variety of hydrophilic monomers to produce soft hydrogel contact lenses. Hydrophilic monomers suitable for this use include 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl acetamide, and other ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomers. Further comonomers may also be added to enhance wetting or to modify other properties as is generally known to those skilled in the art.
b is 0 or 1.
where n is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethyl vinyl carbonate; 1-adamantane vinyl carbonate, 1-adamantanethyl vinyl carbonate, 1-adamantaneethyl vinyl carbonate; and 1-adamantane vinyl carbamate.
Preferred nonhydrogel soft contact lens formulations are mixtures of polymerizable polysiloxanes containing fluorinated side chains and internal wetting agents. Further components such as toughening agents, crosslinking agents, and other auxiliary modifiers are desirably present as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,764, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Polymerizable, fluorinated polysiloxanes employed in this embodiment of the invention are described by the general formula: ##STR12## where A denotes an activated unsaturated group, --R1 and R2 independently denote alkyl radicals with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl radicals; R3 and R4 independently denote alkyl radicals with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl radicals, or fluorinated alkyl radicals with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R3 or R4 is a fluorinated alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; m+n is at least 1; and n is at least 1.
R3 and R4 independently denote methyl or cyclohexylradicals.
These preferred internal wetting agents specifically include 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (IPDMO), 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (VDMO), cyclohexane spiro-4'-(2'isopropenyl-2'-oxazol-5'-one) (IPCO), cyclohexane-spiro-4'-(2'-vinyl-2'-oxazol-5'-one) (VCO), and 2-(-1-propenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-oxazol-5-one (PDMO).
These preferred internal wetting agents have two important features which make them particularly desirable wetting agents: (1) They are relatively non-polar and are compatible with the hydrophobic monomers (the polysiloxanes and the toughening agents), and (2) They are converted to highly polar amino acids on mild hydrolysis, which impart substantial wetting characteristics. When polymerized in the presence of the other components, a copolymer is formed. These internal wetting agents result through the carbon-carbon double bond with the endcaps of the polysiloxane monomers, and with the toughening agents to form copolymeric materials particularly useful in biomedical devices, especially contact lenses.
These oxazolones are prepared by the general reaction sequence ##STR14## The first step being a Shotten-Bauman acrylation of an amino acid. Upon completion of this step the polymerizable functionality is introduced by using either acryloyl or methacryloyl chloride.
Rigid gas permeable contact lens formulations which are suitable for the practice of this invention are silicone-based copolymers prepared from siloxanylalkyl esters of methacrylic acid and other acrylate, methacrylate, or itaconate monomers in many known formulations. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,424,328; 4,463,149; 4,664,479; and 4,686,267.
This invention is further described by the following Examples which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting.
Distilled 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, (NVP) 40 g, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2.80 g and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, recrystallized from ethanol) 0.59 g were combined with 100 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) in a 250 mL three neck flask. The flask was also fitted with a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser. A slow stream of nitrogen was used to deoxygenate the solution for 15 minutes. After 24 hours of reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere, no vinyl protons could be detected in the 60 Mhz NMR spectra (6.5-7.0 ppm). The hydroxy-terminated polymer was precipitated from 2 L of anhydrous ethyl ether. The solid was dissolved in 200 ml of THF and the precipitation repeated twice. The white solid, 29.37 g (69% yield), was dried under reduced pressure.
Hydroxy-terminated PVP, 9.0 g (from Example 1), was dissolved in 90 mL of chloroform, in a 250 mL 3-neck flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser, and an addition funnel. Dibutyltin dilaurate, 32.5 mg, and butylated hydroxy toluene, 2.1 mg (BHT), were added. Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 0.86 g (ICEM) in 10 mL CHCl3, was added dropwise. Following the addition the solution was heated to reflux. After 3 hours no ICEM could be detected by infrared analysis. The reaction mixture was then slowly added to 6 L of anhydrous ethyl ether and the solid collected. Precipitation of the PVP macromer was repeated, from ethanol into 4 L of ethyl ether. After drying at 30° C. under reduced pressure the yield of macromer was 7.1 g (78%). The Mn (number average molecular weight) and Pd (polydispersity) values were 1,986 and 1.4 (vs. polyethylene glycol standards).
1H,1H,5H Octafluoropentylmethacrylate, (OFPMA) 0.75 g, PVP macromer (Example 2), 5.0 g, 2-mercaptoethanol, 105 uL, and AIBN (recrystallized from ethanol), 8.2 mg, were combined with 100 mL of anhydrous tetrahhdrofuran (THF) in a 250 mL three neck flask. The flask was also fitted with a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser. A slow stream of nitrogen was used to deoxygenate the solution for 15 minutes. After 20 hours of reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere the hydroxy terminated polymer was precipitated from 2 L of anhydrous ethyl ether. The solid was dissolved in 200 ml of THF and the precipitation repeated once. The white solid was dried under reduced pressure leaving 4.14 g, a 72% yield.
Distilled DMA, 20 g, 2-mercaptoethanol, 280 uL, and AIBN (recrystallized from ethanol), 0.33 g, were combined with 100 mL of anhydrous tetrahhyrofuran (THF) in a 250 mL three neck flask. The flask was also fitted with a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser. A slow stream of nitrogen was used to deoxygenate the solution for 15 minutes. After 20 hours of reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere no vinyl protons could be detected in the 60 Mhz NMR spectra (6.5-7.0 ppm). The hydroxy terminated polymer was precipitated from 2 L of anhydrous ethyl ether. The solid was dissolved in 100 ml of THF and the precipitation repeated. The white solid was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. The yield was 15.5 g and the Mn (number average molecular weight), Mw (weight average molecular weight) and Pd (polydispersity) values were 6,700, 11,318 and 1.7 (vs. polyethylene glycol standards).
Hydroxy terminated copolymer, 12 g (from Example 4) was dissolved in 90 mL of chloroform, in a 250 mL 3-neck flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser and an addition funnel. Dibutyltin dilaurate, 36.9 mg, and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), 10.2 mg, were added. Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 0.30 g (ICEM) in 10 mL CHCl3, was added dropwise. Following the addition the solution was heated to reflux. After 48 hours no ICEM could be detected by infrared analysis. The reaction mixture was then slowly added to 2 L of anhydrous ethyl ether and the solid collected. The precipitation was repeated a second time followed by drying at 30° C. under reduced pressure. The yield of macromer was 8.6 g. The Mn, Mw and Pd values were 4,400, 7,900 and 1.8 (vs. polyethylene glycol standards).
OFPMA, 1.2 g, DMA macromer (Example 5), 6.7 g, 2-mercaptoethanol, 105 uL, and AIBN (recrystallized from ethanol), 8 mg, were combined with 100 mL of anhydrous tetrahhdrofuran (THF) in a 250 mL three-neck flask. The flask was also fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser. A slow stream of nitrogen was used to deoxygenate the solution for 15 minutes. After 72 hours of reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere the conversion to copolymer was 44%, (by NIR analysis). Addition of 25 mg AIBN and 48 hours refluxing, (120 hours total) gave a 60% conversion to copolymer. Precipitation into 2 L of anhydrous ethyl ether, followed by drying at reduced pressure left 6 g of copolymer with Mn, Mw, and Pd values of 4,600, 8,100, and 1.8 (vs. PEG standards).
A solution was prepared by dissolving 9.1 g of methoxy polyethylene glycol 1,000 monomethacrylate in 100 mL of toluene. The solution was carefully transferred to a 250 mL three neck flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. To this, 9.1 g of 1H,1H,5H Octafluoropentylmethacrylate (OFPMA), 1.26 g of distilled thioqlyoolic acid (TGA) and 0.071 g of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were added. AIBN was recrystallized from ethanol before use. The solution was then deoxygenated using nitrogen for 15 minutes and then placed under a passive nitrogen blanket. After stirring for 16 hours at 60° C. the percent conversion was determined to be 95-98% by near infrared (NIR) analysis. The number average molecular weight was determined by size exclusion chromatography ("SEC") vs. polystyrene and by end group titration. The Mn values were 2,902 and 1,815 respectively. Results are shown in Table I.
The procedure of Example 7 was repeated using higher relative amounts of methoxy polyethylene glycol 1000 monomethacrylate. THF replaced toluene as the solvent in Example 9. Results are shown in Table I.
The procedure of Example 7 was repeated using methoxy polyethylene glycol 5000 monomethacrylate and using THF as the solvent. Results are shown in Table I.
A solution was prepared by dissolving 7.1 g of methoxy polyethylene glycol 1,000 monomethacrylate in 100 ml of toluene. The solution was carefully transferred to a 250 ml three-neck flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. To this, 12.8 g of 3-methacryloyloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (TRIS), 1.0 g of distilled thioglycolic acid (TGA) and 0.059 g of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were added. AIBN was recrystallized from ethanol before use. The solution was then deoxygenated using nitrogen for 15 minutes and then placed under a passive nitrogen blanket. After stirring for 16 hours at 60° C. the percent conversion was determined to be 95-98% by near infrared (NIR) analysis. The number average molecular weight was determined by size exclusion chromatography vs. polystyrene and by end group titration. The Mn values were 2,895 and 2,083 respectively. The polydispersity of the copolymer was 1.5.
OFPMA, 15 g, methoxy polyethylene glycol 1,000 monomethacrylate, 50 g, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2.34 g, and AIBN (recrystallized from ethanol), 0.164 g, were combined with 500 mL of a 1:1 mixture of THF and methanol(MEOH) in a 1 L, three-neck flask. The flask was also fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser. The mixture was stirred until all reagents were in solution. A slow stream of nitrogen was then used to deoxygenate the solution for 15 minutes. After 72 hours of reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere the conversion to copolymer was 99+% (by NIR analysis). Solvent was removed by flash evaporation leaving a viscous oil, which upon standing formed a wax-like solid. Values for Mn, Mw and Pd were determined vs. polystyrene, (Mn=3,700, Mw=6,300 and Pd=1.72). Results are shown in Table II.
The procedure of Example 12 was repeated using methoxy polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate in different molecular weights and relative amounts as indicated in Table II which also summarizes the results obtained.
Distilled glycidyl methacrylate, 1.83 g, p-methoxyphenol, 2.5 mg (MEHQ), and two drops of N,N-dimethyldodecylamine were added to the solution from Example 7. The mixture was allowed to reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 5 hours. The solution was washed 3 times with dilute sodium carbonate solution and once with water. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, and toluene removed by flash evaporation at reduced pressure. The residue, 18.12 g (85% yield), of viscous yellow macromonomer had Mn values of 3,353 (by SEC vs. polystyrene) and 3,416 (by vapor phase osmometry,vpo). The polydispersity (Pd) of the macromonomer was 1.9. Results are summarized in Table III.
The procedure of Example 18 was repeated using the solutions from Examples 8-10. The copolymers of Examples 9-10 were isolated and redissolved in dioxane for surface active macromonomer preparation. Results obtained are shown in Table III.
Hydroxy terminated copolymer, 41.744 g (from Example 12), was dissolved in 225 mL of THF, in a 500 mL 3-neck flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser, and an addition funnel. Dibutyltin dilaurate, 1.57 g, and butylated hydroxy toluene, 10 mg, were added. Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 1.98 g (ICEM) in 25 mL CHCl3, was added dropwise. Following the addition the solution was heated to reflux. After 16 hours 0.2% ICEM was detected by infrared analysis. Methanol, 5 mL, was added to react with the slight excess of ICEM. Chloroform was then removed by flash evaporation. The residue was left under high vacuum overnight to remove residual solvent leaving 42.4 g of wax-like semisolid. Values for the Mn, Mw, and Pd were determined vs polystyrene standards. Results are summarized in Table IV.
The procedure of Example 22 was repeated using hydroxy terminated copolymers (dissolved in chloroform) from Examples 13-17. Results are shown in Table IV.
Distilled glycidyl methacrylate, 1.58 g, p-methoxyphenol, 2.8 mg (MEHQ), and two drops of N,N-dimethyldodecylamine were added to the solution from Example 11. The mixture was allowed to reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 5 hours. The solution was washed 3 times with dilute sodium carbonate solution and once with water. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, and toluene was removed by flash evaporation at reduced pressure. The residue, 17.64 g (84% yield), of viscous semi-solid macromonomer had Mn values of 1,593 (by SEC vs. polystyrene) and 1,918 (by vapor phase osmometry,vpo). The polydispersity of the macromonomer was 1.6.
Hydroxy terminated copolymer, 3.14 g (from Example 3), was dissolved in 90 mL of chloroform, in a 250 mL 3-neck flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser, and an addition funnel. Dibutyltin dilaurate, 3 drops and butylated hydroxy toluene, 3 mg, were added. Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 89 uL (ICEM) in 10 mL CHCl3, was added dropwise. Following the addition the solution was heated to reflux. After 12.5 hours no ICEM could be detected by infrared analysis. The reaction mixture was then slowly added to 2 L of anhydrous ethyl ether and the solid collected. After drying at 30° C. under reduced pressure the yield of macromer was 3 g. The Mn, Mw and Pd values were 4,900, 5,900 and 1.2 (vs. polyethylene glycol standards).
Hydroxy terminated copolymer, 4.5 g, (from Example 6) was dissolved in 90 mL of chloroform in a 250 mL 3-neck flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser, and an addition funnel. Dibutyltin dilaurate, 2 drops and butylated hydroxy toluene, 3 mg, were added. Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 93 uL (ICEM) in 10 mL CHCl3, was added dropwise. Following the addition the solution was heated to reflux. After 20 hours a trace of ICEM could be detected by infrared analysis. The reaction mixture was then slowly added to 2 L of anhydrous ethyl ether and the solid collected. After drying at 30° C. under reduced pressure the yield of macromer was 3.14 g. The Mn, Mw and Pd values were 4,900, 8,900 and 1.8 (vs. PEG standards).
The data was analyzed using WETTEK 12 software. Results are shown below in Table V.
A urethane prepolymer prepared from isophorone diisocyanate, diethylene glycol, polysiloxanediol (molecular wt. 3,000) and endcapped with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was combined with the following; methacryloyloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (TRIS), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N-hexanol, benzoin methyl ether (BME). The proportions are given below.
The resulting clear mix was then filtered through a 1.2 micron filter into a clean glass vial.
Anterior and posterior mold surfaces were cleaned by electrostatic deionization in air and transferred to an inert (nitrogen) atmosphere. The mold anterior was then filled with 40-80 uL of monomer mix, (Example 43) in the inert atmosphere and placed on a casting plate. The mold posterior was then positioned. Once the casting plate was full the top plate was aligned and tightened down to 18 inch-pounds. Casting plates were then placed under ultraviolet light at 4,000 u watts/cm2, (oxygen level was <50 ppm), for one hour. Following separation the mold halves containing lenses were placed in a 70/30 volume by volume solution of ethanol and water or 100% ethanol. Lenses and solution were placed in an ultrasonic bath at 50° C. and allowed to release. Lenses were then transferred to absolute ethanol. After one hour the solvent was exchanged with fresh ethanol and allowed to stand for 48 hours. Ethanol was then removed by water extraction.
A solution of 0.1 mmol surface-active macromer of Example 18, 0.007 g of neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, and 0.0038 g of BME in 100 mL of deoxygenated, distilled water was prepared by stirring at room temperature for one hour. One contact lens prepared as described in Example 44 was placed in a 10 mL lens vial and the vial was filled with the solution under a nitrogen atmosphere in a glove box. The vial was sealed with a Teflon lined stopper and crimp seal, placed on its side and irradiated with 2500 uW/cm2 of UV light for 2 hours. The lens was removed from the vial, washed with distilled water, extracted in ethanol for 2 hours and boiled in distilled water for 2.5 hours. The lens was then sealed in a vial in buffered saline solution.
A solution of 0.1 mmol surface-active macromer of Example 20, 0.01 g of neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate and 0.003 g of BME in 100 mL of deoxygenated, distilled water was prepared by stirring at room temperature for one hour. One contact lens prepared as described in Example 44 was placed in a 10 mL lens vial and the vial was filled with the solution under a nitrogen atmosphere in a glove box. The vial was sealed with a Teflon lined stopper and crimp seal, placed on its side and irradiated with 2500 uW/cm2 of UV light for 2 hours. The lens was removed from the vial, washed with distilled water, extracted in ethanol for 2 hours and boiled in distilled water for 2.5 hours. The lens was then sealed in a vial in buffered saline solution.
A solution of 0.1 mmol surface-active macromer of Example 18, 0.007 g of neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, and 0.003 g of BME in 100 mL of deoxygenated, distilled water was prepared by stirring at room temperature for one hour. A SiL-TECH silicone elastomer contact lens (available from Bausch & Lomb Incorporated) was placed in a 10 mL lens vial and the vial was filled with the solution under a nitrogen atmosphere in a glove box. The vial was sealed with a Teflon lined stopper and crimp seal, placed on its side and irradiated with 2500 uW/cm2 of UV light for 2 hours. The lens was removed from the vial, washed with distilled water, extracted in 1:1 ethanol:isopropanol for 3 hours. The lens was then sealed in a vial in buffered saline solution.
The contact angle of the surface coated lenses of Example 47 was measured and compared to an untreated lens (control). The average contact angle of three coated lenses was 38° versus 46° for the control sample.
Five subjects wore one contact lens of Example 45 and one control contact lens (the uncoated lens of Example 44) in the other eye. The lenses were analyzed after one hour of wear for surface characteristics of wettability and surface deposition. The wettability rating scale was 0-4, where 0 was more than 2/3 of the anterior lens surface unwetted by tear film and 4 represented complete (100%) wetting by tear film. The deposition scale was 0-4 where 0 represented no surface deposits and 4 was multiple deposits of 0.5 mm diameter or larger. The results were wettability 2.8 and deposits 1.2 which compares favorably to values of 1.0 and 1.8, respectively for wettability and deposits for uncoated control lenses of Example 44.
1. A method of modifying the surface of a polymeric object which comprises immersing the polymeric object in an aqueous dispersion of a surface active macromer described by the formula: DC wherein A is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer, B is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer, C is a functional chain transfer agent, D is an ethylenically unsaturated end group, y is within the range from about 0.1 to about 0.9, and x+y=1, a hydrophobic cross-linking agent, and a free radical initiator and exposing the immersed polymeric object to ultraviolet light to form a permanent, cross-linked surface coating on the polymeric object.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous dispersion contains a surface active macromer at a molar concentration of about 0.1 to 0.001, from about 1 to about 10-4 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, and from about 0.1 to about 10-4 parts by weight of a free radical initiator.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated polyoxyalkylenes, polyacrylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinyl alcohols, poly (HEMA), and N-alkyl-N-vinyl acetamide.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein A is an ethylenically unsaturated polyoxyalkylene selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylated polyoxyalkylenes, (meth)acrylamido polyoxyalkylenes, styrenyl polyoxyalkylenes, alkenyl polyoxyalkylenes, vinyl carbonate polyoxyalkylenes and vinyl carbamate polyoxyalkylenes.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the polyoxyalkylene is polyethylene oxide.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein A is (meth)acrylated polyethylene oxide.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein A is methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate.
8. The method of claim 3 wherein A is a methacrylate endcapped poly-N-vinylpyrrolidinone.
9. The method of claim 3 wherein A is a methaorylate endcapped poly-N,N-dimethylacrylamide.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylates, N-alkyl (meth)acrylamides, alkyl vinylcarbonates, alkyl vinylcarbamates, fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylates, N-fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylamides, N-fluoroalkyl vinylcarbonates, N-fluoroalkyl vinylcarbamates, silicone-containing (meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides, vinyl carbonates, vinyl carbamates, styrenic monomers and polyoxypropylene (meth)acrylates.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the styrenic monomers are selected from the group consisting of styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, paramethyl styrene, para-t-butyl monochloro styrene, and para-t-butyl dichloro styrene.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein B is 1-H,1-H,5-H-octafluoropentyl methacrylate.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein C is selected from the group consisting of mercapto carboxylic acids, mercapto alcohols, and aminomercaptans.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein C is thioglycolic acid.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein C is 2-mercaptoethanol.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein C is 2-aminoethane thiol.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein D is a (meth)acrylated hydroxy ester moiety derived from glycidyl (meth)acrylate.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein D is a (meth)acrylated ester moiety derived from (meth)acryloyl chloride.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein D is a (meth)acrylated urethane moiety derived from (meth)acrylated isocyanate.
20. The method of claim 16 wherein D is a (meth)acrylated urea moiety derived from (meth)acrylated isocyanate.
21. The method of claim 15 wherein D is a vinylcarbonate moiety derived from vinyl chloroformate.
22. The method of claim 16 wherein D is a (meth)acrylated amide moiety derived from (meth)acryloyl chloride.
23. The method of claim 16 wherein D is a vinylcarbamate moiety derived from vinyl chloroformate.
24. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymeric object is a contact lens.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the contact lens is a hydrogel contact lens.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein the contact lens is a rigid gas permeable lens.
27. The method of claim 24 wherein the contact lens is a silicone elastomer contact lens.
28. The method of claim 1 wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic molecules having two or more polymerizable groups.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic molecules having two or more (meth)acrylate groups.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic molecules having two or more (meth)acrylamide groups.
31. The method of claim 28 wherein the cross-linking agent is neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate.
32. A surface-modified polymeric object prepared by immersing the polymeric object in an aqueous dispersion of a surface active macromer described by the formula: DC wherein A is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer, B is at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer, C is a functional claim transfer agent, D is an ethylenically unsaturated end group, y is within the range from about 0.1 to about 0.9, and x+y=1, a hydrophobic cross-linking agent, and a free radical initiator and exposing the immersed polymeric object to ultraviolet light to form a permanent, cross-linked surface coating on the polymeric object.
33. The surface-modified polymeric object of claim 32 wherein the object is a contact lens.
ES92902675T ES2113941T3 (en) 1990-11-27 1991-11-20 surface treatment of objects polymer.
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Interactions of PEO-Containing Polymeric Surfactants With Hydrophobic Surfaces, J. H. Lee, Univ. of Utah (1988). | 2019-04-25T12:46:51Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US5135297A/en |
The last 3 years have been very interesting when engaging with large enterprises and service providers as they set about designing, selecting and deploying their “next generation” network architecture. These new networks are deployed in timescales that see them collide with disruptive innovation such as fabrics, cloud, big data and DevOps.
The juxtaposition of flatter and flatter physical networks, nee “fabrics” (compute, network and storage,) with what seems to be a flip-flop transition between belief systems and architects who push for either layer 2 or layer 3 (or encapsulated versions thereof) segmentation at the higher layers is again aggravated by continued push for security boundary definition that yields further segmentation based on policy at the application and information layer.
So what we end up with is the benefits of flatter, any-to-any connectivity at the physical networking layer with a “software defined” and virtualized networking context floating both alongside (Nicira, BigSwitch, OpenFlow) as well as atop it (VMware, Citrix, OpenStack Quantum, etc.) with a bunch of protocols ladled on like some protocol gravy blanketing the Chicken Fried Steak that represents the modern data center.
The customers who then depend upon these simplified networking services must then absorb the gaps introduced by a lack of features by architecturally engineering around them, becoming more automated, instrumented and programmatic in nature or add yet another layer of virtualized (and generally encrypted) transport and execution above them.
This works if you’re able to engineer your way around these gaps (or make them less relevant,) but generally this is where segmentation becomes an issue due to security and compliance design patterns which depend on the “complexity” introduced by the very flexible networking constructs available in most enterprise of SP networks.
It’s like a layered cake that keeps self-frosting.
That’s a big old self-frosting cake.
Basically, this is what AWS has done…but all that intelligence provided by the single pane of glass is currently left up to the app owner atop them. That’s the downside. Those sufficiently enlightened AWS’ customers are aware generally of this and understand the balance of benefits and limitations of this path.
Back To The Future…Hey, Look, It’s Token Ring and DMZs!
Thanks to compliance initiatives — PCI is a good example — no matter how well scoped, those flat networks become more and more logically hierarchical. Because SDN is still nascent and we’re lacking that unified virtualized network (and security) control plane, we end up resorting back to platform-specific “less flat” network architectures in both the physical and virtual layers to achieve “enclave” like segmentation.
But with virtualization the problem gets more complex as in an attempt to be agile, cost efficient and in order to bring data to the workloads to reduce heaving lifting of the opposite approach, out-of-scope assets can often (and suddenly) be co-resident with in-scope assets…traversing logical and physical constructs that makes it much more difficult to threat model since the level of virtualized context supports differs wildly across these layers.
Architects are then left to think how they can effectively take all the awesome performance, agility, scale and simplicity offered by the underlying fabrics (compute, network and storage) and then layer on — bolt on — security and compliance capabilities.
What they discover is that it’s very, very, very platform specific…which is why we see protocols such as VXLAN and NVGRE pop up to deal with them.
These architects then replicate the design patterns with which they are familiar and start to craft DMZs that are logically segmented in the physical network and then grafted on to the virtual. So we end up with relying on what Gunnar Petersen and I refer to as the “SSL and Firewall” lego block…we front end collections of “layer 2 connected” assets based on criticality or function, many of which stretched across these fabrics, and locate them behind layer 3 “firewalls” which provide basic zone-based isolation and often VPN connectivity between “trusted” groups of other assets.
In short, rather than build applications that securely authenticate, communicate — or worse yet, even when they do — we pigpen our corralled assets and make our estate fatter instead of flatter. It’s really a shame.
These trust zones or enclaves are reasonable in concept so long as we can ultimately further abstract their “segmentation” and abstract the security and compliance policy requirements by expressing policy programmatically and taking the logical business and functional use-case PROCESSES into consideration when defining, expressing and instantiating said policy.
A great way to think about this problem is to apply the notion of application mobility — without VM containers — and how one would instantiate a security “policy” in that context. In many cases, as we march up the stack to distributed platform application architectures, we’re not able to depend upon the “crutch” that hypervisors or VM packages have begun to give us in legacy architectures that have virtualization grafted onto them.
Since many enterprises are now just starting to better leverage their virtualized infrastructure, there *are* some good solutions (again, platform specific) that unify the physical and virtual networks from a zoning perspective, but the all-up process-driven, asset-centric (app & information) view of “policy” is still woefully lacking, especially in heterogeneous environments.
In enterprise and SP environments where we don’t have the opportunity to start anew, it often feels like we’re so far off from this sort of capability because it requires a shift that makes software defined networking look like child’s play. Most enterprises don’t do risk-driven, asset-centric, process-mapped modelling, [and SP’s are disconnected from this,] so segmentation falls back to what we know: DMZs with VLANs, NAT, Firewalls, SSL and new protocol band-aids invented to cover gaping arterial wounds.
In environments lucky enough to think about and match the application use cases with the highly-differentiated operational models that virtualized *everything* brings to bear, it’s here today — but be prepared and honest that the vendor(s) you chose must be strategic and the interfaces between those platforms and external entities VERY well defined…else you risk software defined entropy.
Dedicated AWS VPC Compute Instances – Strategically Defensive or Offensive?
Dedicated Instances are Amazon EC2 instances launched within your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) that run hardware dedicated to a single customer. Dedicated Instances let you take full advantage of the benefits of Amazon VPC and the AWS cloud – on-demand elastic provisioning, pay only for what you use, and a private, isolated virtual network, all while ensuring that your Amazon EC2 compute instances will be isolated at the hardware level.
That got some hackles up.
Private Clouds are provided by an organization or their designated service provider and offer a single-tenant (dedicated) operating environment with all the benefits and functionality of elasticity* and the accountability/utility model of Cloud. The physical infrastructure may be owned by and/or physically located in the organization’s datacenters (on-premise) or that of a designated service provider (off-premise) with an extension of management and security control planes controlled by the organization or designated service provider respectively. The consumers of the service are considered “trusted.” Trusted consumers of service are those who are considered part of an organization’s legal/contractual umbrella including employees, contractors, & business partners. Untrusted consumers are those that may be authorized to consume some/all services but are not logical extensions of the organization.
Public Clouds are provided by a designated service provider and may offer either a single-tenant (dedicated) or multi-tenant (shared) operating environment with all the benefits and functionality of elasticity and the accountability/utility model of Cloud. The physical infrastructure is generally owned by and managed by the designated service provider and located within the provider’s datacenters (off-premise.) Consumers of Public Cloud services are considered to be untrusted.
* Note: the benefits of elasticity don’t imply massive scale, which in many cases is not a relevant requirement for an enterprise. Also, ultimately I deprecated the “managed” designation because it was a variation on a theme, but you can tell that ultimately the distinction I was going for between private and hybrid is the notion of OR versus AND designations in the various criteria.
Is this a capability that AWS really expects to be utilized as they further blur the lines between public, private and hybrid cloud models OR is it a defensive strategy hinged on the exorbitant costs to further push enterprises into shared compute and overlay security models?
Specifically, one wonders if this is a strategically defensive or offensive move?
A single tenant atop a hypervisor atop dedicated hardware — that will go a long way toward addressing one concern: noisy (and nosy) neighbors.
Now, keep in mind that if an enterprise’s threat modeling and risk management frameworks are reasonably rational, they’ll realize that this is compute/memory isolation only. Clearly the network and storage infrastructure is still shared, but the “state of the art” in today’s cloud of overlay encryption (file systems and SSL/IPSec VPNs) will likely address those issues. Shared underlying cloud management/provisioning/orchestration is still an interesting area of concern.
So this will be an interesting play for AWS. Whether they’re using this to take a hammer to the existing private cloud models or just to add another dimension in service offering (logical, either way) I think in many cases enterprises will pay this tax to further satisfy compliance requirements by removing the compute multi-tenancy boogeyman.
Incomplete Thought: Cloud Capacity Clearinghouses & Marketplaces – A Security/Compliance/Privacy Minefield?
With my focus on cloud security, I’m always fascinated when derivative business models arise that take the issues associated with “mainstream” cloud adoption and really bring issues of security, compliance and privacy into even sharper focus.
Got a VM-based workload? Want to run it cheaply for a short period of time?
To me, “quality” means something different that simply availability…it means service levels, security, privacy, transparency and visibility.
How do I secure my SpotCloud VM?
User access to VM should be disabled for increased security. The VM package is typically configured to automatically boot, self configure itself and phone home without the need for direct OS access. VM examples available.
Are there any SLA’s, support or guarantees?
For now, I would assume that this means that if your workloads are at all mission critical, sensitive, subject to compliance requirements or traffic in any sort of sensitive data, this sort of exchange option may not be for you. I don’t have data on the use cases for the workloads being run using SpotCloud, but perhaps we’ll see Enomaly make this information more available as time goes on.
To be clear, from a marketplace perspective, I think this is a really nifty idea — sort of the cloud-based SETI-for-cost version of the Mechanical Turk. It takes the notion of “utility” and really makes one think of the options. I remember thinking the same thing when Zimory launched their marketplace in 2009.
I think ultimately this further amplifies the message that we need to build survivable systems, write secure code and continue to place an emphasis on the security of information deployed using cloud services. Duh-ja vu.
At any rate, I think these marketplace offerings will, for the foreseeable future, serve a specific type of consumer trafficking in specific types of information/service — it’s yet another vertical service offering that cloud can satisfy.
Google has just pulled 21 popular free apps from the Android Market. According to the company, the apps are malware aimed at getting root access to the user’s device, gathering a wide range of available data, and downloading more code to it without the user’s knowledge.
Although Google has swiftly removed the apps after being notified (by the ever-vigilant “Android Police” bloggers), the apps in question have already been downloaded by at least 50,000 Android users.
The apps are particularly insidious because they look just like knockoff versions of already popular apps. For example, there’s an app called simply “Chess.” The user would download what he’d assume to be a chess game, only to be presented with a very different sort of app.
Wow, 50,000 downloads. Most of those folks are likely blissfully unaware they are owned.
So where are we today? How much security does the stack, itself, need to provide. The answer, however polarized, is somewhere in the murkiness dictated by the delivery models, deployment models, who owns what part of the real estate and the use cases of both the virtualization/cloud stack provider and ultimately the consumer.
I’ve had a really interesting series of debates with the likes of Simon Crosby (of Xen/Citrix fame) on this topic and we even had a great debate at RSA with Steve Herrod from VMware. These two “infrastructure” companies and their solutions typify the diametrically opposed first two approaches to answering this question while cloud providers who own their respective custom-rolled “stacks” at either end of IaaS and SaaS spectrums such as Amazon Web Services and Salesforce bringing up the third.
As with anything, this is about the tenuous balance of “security,” compliance, cost, core competence and maturity of solutions coupled with the sensitivity of the information that requires protection and the risk associated with the lopsided imbalance that occurs in the event of loss.
There’s no single best answer which explains why were have three very different approaches to what many, unfortunately, view as the same problem.
Today’s “baked in” security capabilities aren’t that altogether mature or differentiated, the hooks and APIs that allow for diversity and “defense in depth” provide for new and interesting ways to instantiate security, but also add to complexity, driving us back to an integration play. The third is looked upon as proprietary and limiting in terms of visibility and transparency and don’t solve problems such as application and information security any more than the other two do.
Will security get “better” as we move forward with virtualization and cloud computing. Certainly. Perhaps because of it, perhaps in spite of it.
One thing’s for sure, it’s going to be messy, despite what the marketing says.
I was speaking to an enterprise account manager the other day regarding strategic engagements in Cloud Computing in very large enterprises.
He remarked on the non-surprising parallelism occurring as these companies build and execute on cloud strategies that involve both public and private cloud initiatives.
Many of them are still trying to leverage the value of virtualization and are thus often conservative about their path forward. Many are blazing new trails.
We talked about the usual barriers to entry for even small PoC’s: compliance, security, lack of expertise, budget, etc., and then he shook his head solemnly, stared at the ground and mumbled something about a new threat to the overall progress toward enterprise cloud adoption.
Cloud computing is such a hot topic, especially with its promise of huge cost savings, agility, and the reduced time-to-market for services and goods that many large companies who might otherwise be unable or unwilling to be able to pilot using a public cloud provider and also don’t want to risk much if any capital outlay for software and infrastructure to test private cloud are taking an interesting turn.
They’re trying to replicate Amazon or Google but not for the right reasons or workloads. They just look at “cloud” as some generic low-cost infrastructure platform that requires some open source and a couple of consultants — or even a full-time team of “developers” assigned to make it tick.
Why do they do this? To gain experience and expertise? To dabble cautiously in an emerging set of technological and operational models? To offload critical workloads that scale up and down?
Management By Objectives (MBO) — or a fancy way of saying, “bonus.” Many C-levels and their ops staff are compensated via bonus on hitting certain objectives. One of them (for all the reasons stated above) is “deliver on the strategy and execution for cloud computing.” This half-hearted effort sadly qualifies.
So here’s the problem…when these efforts flame out and don’t deliver, they will impact the success of cloud in general — everywhere from a private cloud vendor to even potentially public cloud offers like AWS. Why? Because as we already know, *anything* that smells at all like failure gets reflexively blamed on cloud these days, and as these craptastic “cloud” PoC’s fail to deliver — even on minimal cash outlay — it’s going to be hard to gain a second choice given the bad taste left in the mouths of the business and management.
It will be interesting to see which happens first.
Either way, beware the actual “false cloud” but realize that the motivation behind many of them isn’t the betterment of the business or evolution of IT, it’s the fattening of wallets.
* I’m leveraging “false cloud” here to truly illustrate a point; despite actually useful private cloud initiatives, this is a term unfortunately levied on all private cloud initiatives by certain public cloud providers.
I took this as a challenge in 5 minutes or less to articulate this in succinct, bulleted form. I timed it. 4 minutes & 48 seconds. Loaded with snark and Hoffacino-fueled dogma.
Get an Amazon Web Services [or Rackspace or Terremark vCloud Express, etc.] account, instantiate a couple of instances as though you were deploying a web-based application with sensitive information that requires resilience, security, survivability and monitoring. If you have never done this and you’re in security spouting off about the insecurities of Cloud, STFU and don’t proceed to step 2 until you do. These offerings put much of the burden on you to understand what needs to be done to secure Cloud-based services (OS, Apps, Data) which is why I focus on it. It’s also accessible and available to everyone.
Proceed to the Cloud Security Alliance website and download the guidance. Read it. Join one or more of the working groups and participate to make Cloud Security better in any way you believe you have the capacity to do so. If you just crow about how “more secure” the Cloud is or how “horribly insecure by definition” it is, it’s clear you’ve not done steps 1-3. Skip 1-3, go to #5 and then return to #1.
Use common sense. There ain’t no patch for stupid. Most of us inherently understand that this is a marathon and not a sprint. If you take steps 1-4 seriously you’re going to be able to logically have discussions and make decisions about what deployment models and providers suit your needs. Not everything will move to the Cloud (public, private or otherwise) but a lot of it can and should. Being able to layout a reasonable timeline is what moves the needle. Being an idealog on either side of the tarpit does nobody any good. Arguing is for Twitter, doing is for people who matter.
Cloud is only rocket science if you’re NASA and using the Cloud for rocket science. Else, for the rest of us, it’s an awesome platform upon which we leverage various opportunities to improve the way in which we think about and implement the practices and technology needed to secure the things that matter most to us. | 2019-04-25T05:50:52Z | https://www.rationalsurvivability.com/blog/tag/amazon-web-services/ |
with our transportation problems, and God has met that need.
We haven't yet purchased a van, but we will be looking very soon.
Please pray with us that God would direct us in this matter!
How can I help? How can I give? Gil's Hills Ministries could not survive if it were not for people like you. We depend on the support of loving churches and generous caring people. Contributions come in many forms: finances, food, craft items, volunteers, and many other ways. We would be lost without the physical help of countless friends giving of their time and abilities. Gil's HIlls rejoices over the fact that we don't have to depend on the government or other agencies to meet our needs. When the Bible says "My God shall supply all of our needs according to His riches in glory through Christ Jesus", we believe it and apply it.
Whether you support us financially, donate food or craft supplies, or volunteer your time and talents, the most important thing you can do is PRAY for Gil's Hills. God will inspire you, and show you exactly what He would have you do.
Summer camps are over and we had a blast! Using the theme "A Light in the Darkness", the kids learned how God desires to be in each of us, shining His light for others to see. The kids went home worn out, with many stories to tell (as did the volunteers and staff). Best of all, several of the campers made the decision to follow Jesus at camp!
As school starts, so do our clubs! We are excited to host our GH kids here between the hills for another year. Each club night includes a time of games in the Ark, a craft, teaching from the Bible, and a delicious home cooked meal. We also host a number of overnighters and events throughout the year, geared to give kids a weekend adventure.
See information below for all the details on the annual FUNDRAISER and DICE RUN.
This year's Fundraiser will be at Believer's Chapel, Constitution Ave. in Olean, NY.
Saturday, August 12, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Vendors, crafts, food, Chinese auction, and fun activities for kids!
On the same day we will also be having our first annual "RUN FOR THE HILLS Dice run.
The Extravaganza is an event for the whole family to enjoy!
We have a job for everyone. Join us on May 20th for our annual work day and get the grounds ready for summer 2017!
"Wow," Gil Parker, the founder of Gil's Hills often said, "as you Go, You Grow." Seems like that's Bible talk, and yes it is. For the past seven months we have really put our backs to the plow as we have sincerely sought God and His perfect will through prayer. He has opened up the heavens to new revelation in ministry and dependence on Him. As we go into the highways and byways of this area, more and more kids are coming to Gil's Hills. We need to be ready for what He has in store. We believe that it is God's will for us to be prepared to minister to all the kids He sends our way. In order to do that, we need to get serious about obtaining the tools to accommodate the numbers.
At our last board meeting we decided to trust God for another van AND another cabin. Currently we can pick up 16 kids per club--at some of our clubs we could take as many as 25 kids, but because of transportation that isn't possible. For our summer camps, right now we can accommodate 24 with staff, but with another cabin we could bump that number to 32 a week. That's a good problem to have! Pray with us as we trust God for $20,000 for a van and cabin.
To give by check, send your donation to Gil's Hills, 2526 Brown Rd., Wellsville, NY 14895.
To donate online, go to the GIVE tab above, and choose "Capital Improvement Fund".
The YAKers Overnighter is coming up soon!
Bring your sleeping bag, a change of clothes, and be ready for a night of fun, games and a movie! Invite a friend to join us!
3. That the word would continue to spread that Gil's Hills is "Alive & Well".
Gil's Hills is a faith based ministry. We rely on God to use people like you to support this ministry financially, and He always comes through. We could tell you story after story about how God provided just what we needed right when we needed it most. HE is GOOD!
We ask that you pray for the finances of Gil's Hills. It has been a very lean time and our giving has been down from previous years, while our services to area children have been on the rise. We know we serve a God who is completely aware of our financial needs, but we also know that we serve a God who has limitless resources. So please pray that God will work big time at Gil's Hills. Your prayers are coveted and we cannot thank you enough.
We ask you to give. Perhaps God wants to use you to bless and meet the financial needs of Gil's Hills. We ask that you pray for and consider giving to Gil's Hills as we close out our financial year. If you are looking for a place to give, or know someone who is considering giving their end of year proceeds to a ministry, we ask that you let them know about Gil's Hills and the work God is doing here. No amount is too little, for we know that God can do a lot with a little, and He enables us to serve our area youth even when the financial future looks uncertain and grim. So we ask you to please pray, and to please give.
Your support and prayers for Gil's Hills enables us to reach children and youth with the gospel of Jesus Christ through friendship, counseling, and service, and we can't thank you enough for all you do for Gil's Hills!
Join us for a night full of games, snacks, movies, and fun in the Ark. Invite your friends!
Please join us! Come check out the grounds and hike one of our many trails. Grab a bite to eat and get caught up on what God has been doing between the hills!
Summer may be over, but we had an amazing one here between the hills! God provided in some obvious ways, and we were able to do all four weeks of youth camp without any major problems! In previous years we have had to combine our two boys camps due to lack of volunteers, but this year God provided some great volunteers who really stepped up and showed the love of Christ to the kids who came through here this summer.
This year's theme was Survivor 3: Overcome Fear/Grow in Faith. We used stories from the life of Peter to show how God can transform our lives which are often driven by fear of the world around us, to lives that shake things up for Christ. With the power of the Holy Spirit, fear has no place in our lives. We hope and pray that this summer gave our campers a lasting memory of how active God wants to be in their lives and that when we are afraid, the first place we can turn is God. . . "Lord save me!" (Matthew 14:30).
This summer we had over 90 campers and volunteers participate in our camp weeks, not including the people who came up to help serve meals and the many people who volunteered in other ways throughout the summer. We cannot thank our volunteers enough for their sacrifice and service. Earlier in the year we had many people donate food and supplies that we used throughout the summer. The food donations were appreciated every day by the campers and volunteers. Thank you for loving this ministry!
Overall, this summer was a huge success. The kids and volunteers had fun, everyone was safe, and most importantly the Gospel was clearly communicated to all who came through here.
7. Staff / volunteer "good health"
8. That God would place a "hedge of protection" over us this camping season.
Saturday, May 21, 9:00 a.m.
There's lots of work to be done!
*take apart "ole cabin #5"
Coffee & muffins in the morning.
Hot dogs served at noon.
Saturday, May 21, starting at 9:00a.m.
YOU CAN PRAY for Gil's Hills!
1. Finances--keep the general weekly budget in your prayers as we seek to be good stewards of the resources God has given us.
2. The GH kids--that they would grow in Christ.
3. The Boys Winter Overnighter--pray for safety & changed hearts.
4. Transportation Needs--we have lots of kids coming and limited van space. We have had to get creative to legally transport all the kids back & forth to clubs.
GIRLS WINTER BLAST, February 12 & 13. Sledding, tubing and games all night in the Ark!
Our Boys and Girls Clubs meet on Tuesday and Thursday nights throughout the school year. From 4:00p.m. to 6:30p.m. the kids have a fun time of games in the Ark or a hike in the woods, a time of singing and Bible study, a delicious homemade meal served up by Miss Linda, and a lot of group activities.
The fall Boys Overnighter is planned for November 13 & 14. Stay tuned for more updates on our Facebook and Twitter pages.
We want you to know that, from the bottom of our hearts, we give our supporters a sincere THANK YOU for all that you've done, past and present, to support Gil's Hills.
At times our financial condition has looked very bleak, but things are looking better and though we still need a financial miracle to get us through the year, we see how God continues to show Himself. We just had a chicken B-B-Q, and we were hoping to make around $500.00. Well, God showed up and we were able to deposit enough to makeup two weeks back pay!
What a great summer we have enjoyed up here between the hills! Our summer camps have come and gone and we have been so blessed by the volunteers, donations, and prayers we have received. For those of you who donated your time and energy to come up and help with these summer retreats, we can't thank you enough. From those who helped in the kitchen, the general helpers, and the counselors and co-counselors, because of you we were not lacking in any help that we needed, and because of that we can praise the Lord! Every summer we rely on God to provide our needs in many ways, and He provided for us more than we needed, and sometimes before we even asked. Thank you to everyone who donated food and supplies to Gil's Hills, we were truly blessed by your service!
The summer's theme was "Shake", and we focused on stories throughout the Bible and in our own lives where God has shown us something about Himself and how He can shake up our lives for His glory. We know God used the time we were given to pour into the young lives who joined us for camps this summer. If you know anyone who joined us for a week, ask them what they learned here and what their favorite part of camp at Gil's Hills was.
We had such an awesome group of campers and volunteers for our girls' weeks. A special thanks to Vanessa, Charanna, Chrissy, and Kylee. We couldn't have done it without you! And our General Helpers, Reanna & Taylor, thanks so much! Our boys' camp weeks were exhausting, but so rewarding! A special thanks to Morgan, Jeremy, Brian, Carter, and David for all your hard work between the hills!
Come, and take a look around the camp.
Saturday, May 16th, starting at 9:00 a.m.
We have a full day of cleanup ahead of us. If you are able to help in any of the following ways, we need you!
Camp Cleanup: sweep cabins, pick up fallen trees & branches, weed-whack tall grass, dig out the fire pit, spruce up the galley, stain cabin #1, install sofitt on cabin #1.
fix the dropped ceiling in the bathroom, replace fascia & gutters on the back of the lodge, dig a diversion ditch by the driveway.
The Ark: wash camp mattresses, fix toilets, wash windows, landscaping projects.
Plus, there is always wood to be split & stacked, and lawns to be raked.
to change the location to the First Baptist Church of Olean. Located right downtown, this is an ideal location.
Remember to mark your calendars and invite your friends! Join us for a quilt & craft show, live music, a snowball fight (???), and more!
Enjoy a great meal & hear about the exciting things God is doing between the hills!
An $8.00 donation is requested, and can be given at the dinner.
Help get the camp ready for our summer retreats!
With January and February being two of the leanest months, pertaining to financial giving, let me encourage you to pray earnestly for our financial needs to be met. We do not have a reserve, and not meeting expenses would hurt in many ways.
Wellsville Bible Church recently raised enough money to send some of the King's kids to the movie "A Matter of Faith" showng in Wellsville from January 30 through February 12. Thank you for your support of the ministries of Gil's Hills!
One of the most often asked questions that we get is "How can I help?"
Gil's Hills Ministries could not survive if is were not for people like you. Being a "Para" church ministry we solely depend on the generosity of loving, caring people and churches. Contributions come in the form of finances, food, craft items, and of course volunteerism. Gil's Hills rejoices in the fact that we don't have to depend on the government or other agencies to meet our needs. When the Bible says, "My God shall supply all of our needs according to His riches in golry through Christ Jesus" (Philippians 4:19) we believe it.
How can you help? Click here to see the items on our current wish list. However, the most important thing you can do is pray for Gil's Hills. God will inspire you and show you exactly what He would have you do for His kids between the hills at Gil's Hills.
On the financial end, we do need to hear from you soon. As 2014 comes to an end and we look ahead to 2015, please make a special effort to help Gil's Hills Ministries reach the children and youth in Allegany County, NY by providing friendship, counseling and service. Your gift will be greatly appreciated. Thank you and God Bless.
and the summer retreat area.
Meat the Board and staff.
Enjoy some refreshments and a hayride.
The summer retreats have come and gone, and we have a lot to be thankful for! We had over 40 kids here between the hills for our summer retreats, and with the help of 11 dedicated volunteers, we have left a lasting impact on the kids for our Lord and Savior. Thanks for all your prayer and support through these last few months!
The new cabin--ready for 2014 summer retreats!
A special thanks to everyone who pitched in and helped with this cabin project.
It is a great addition to Gil's Hills and has already been used for our first Girls Summer Retreat.
We have seen God provide in many ways through this project, and many of those ways have been through you. Thanks for all the ways you support Gil's Hills Ministries!
QUILT SHOW: We are still accepting quilts to be on display.
BOUNCE HOUSES: We will have supervised bounce houses for the children. Only $1.00 to bounce for as long as you want!
CRAFT BOOTHS: All kinds of craft booths will be available to browse and explore. We still have some available booth space. If you are a vendor who would like more information, contact Julie Kerls via phone at 585-968-0002.
CHINESE AUCTION: There will be lots of gift baskets to be given away. Buy a few tickets, and maybe you'll be one of the lucky winners!
LIVE MUSIC: Come and enjoy some live music provided by Olean First Baptist and Brody Childs.
FOOD: Check out the booths and stay for lunch! We will have hot dogs, meatball subs, and for dessert, try some of our strawberry shortcake.
LOCKS FOR LINDA: Who will take pity on LInda to save her husband's hair? If Linda can raise more money than her husband, she won't have to look at his bald head--especially before they go on vacation! Will Ken go bald? Will Linda save her husband's hair? Find out at 3:30 p.m. when we have the final Bald for Bucks count.
HILLBILLY GOLF: Play Hillbilly Golf for a chance to win a gift certificate to spend at any vendor of your choice.
Getting ready for our summer retreats has been a struggle so far, and we need help in getting the grounds ready (rakes, weed whackers, push mowers, etc.). If you or your church would like to come up for a day, please call us soon. Thanks.
THANK YOU so much for your help in our camp improvement project. The new cabin will be ready for our retreats this summer, and we've been able to make other improvements as well.
A BIG PRAISE, as God has provided all of the funds necessary for the new outside gasification boiler. Thank you for all the prayers and support that were poured into this project. This will be a big help to us next winter.
Please continue to pray for all the planning and preparing that goes on prior to our summer retreats and also for the kids and staff. Your prayers for the finances would be greatly appreciated as well.
Hi! Brody here. It was great meeting and getting to know some of you at the last few clubs we had here at Gil's Hills. It would seem that summer is here to stay for a while, and I hope to get to know you even more at our summer retreats.
We have some exciting things planned for you this summer. Both new games and old, you are sure to have a good time with us at Gil's Hills. This year's theme is "Extreme Makeover", where we will be delving into Colossians Chapter 3, and other scriptures that show us how Christ transforms us and makes us more like Him. It should be lots of fun, and girls, remember to bring your makeup.
I am excited to see what God will do at Gil's Hills this summer as I hope you are too. Hope to see you soon!
Greetings from all of us between the hills at Gil's Hills!
Whew! There is so much happening here at Gil's Hills it wears me out just thinking about it. I thought about writing one of my typical little devotions for you, but you know what? We are standing in the need of prayer so I'd like to list some prayer requests for you and ask that you pray diligently and without ceasing.
1. The load is big at Gil's Hills with our numbers increasing and the need for full-time help is upon us. Please pray that God will supply His person or as Rich says, "GPS" (God's Person for Service), and for the finances to supply that need.
2. Please pray for the cabin project to be complete, inside and out, by the start of our summer camps.
3. Please pray for our D.A.S.H. clubs which meet on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
4. Please pray for our Evening With Gil's Hills.
6. Please pray for our camps this summer. The theme is going to be "X-treme Makeover". A wish list will be in our May newsletter.
7. Our woodstove needs to be replaced. Please pray for this need. If you have any questions give us a call.
We are going to have our 3rd annual all-day event, featuring a quilt show & contest, various vendors, a play area for kids, Chinese Auction, etc.
After taking a stroll around the property, wow, there's lots to be done! It's mostly cutting up fallen trees, picking up branches, week whacking and such; but we also have some inside cleaning, electrical and technical stuff, too, along with putting drop ceilings in the bathrooms and office.
Please make plans to attend. YOUTH GROUPS welcome! Tube Steaks will be served at noon.
God is good -- all the time!
February 2013: Income was $3,659.00 and Expenses were $7,249.00.
February 2014: Income was $9,275.00 and Expenses were $7.983.00.
Praise the Lord! Thank you so much for praying! God is good -- all the time!
Please join us for the celebration of Ken & Linda Jordan's 25th anniversary at Gil's HIlls.
Hear more about the ministry at Gil's Hills and their journey for the past quarter of a century.
Time: 4:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
A $7.00 donation is requested. Please call for reservations, 585-593-6211.
Looking ahead to an exciting year in 2014!
Looking ahead for this year, we have several things planned to help improve ministry for the King's Kids. First, we are continuing to put together our D.A.S.H. Clubs on Tuesdays and Thursdays. It's vitally important for everyone to Develop A Strong History, and with Christ all things are possible. Our kids are maintaining a scrapbook in the craft room which helps them keep track of the things we do at Gil's Hills as well as memorizing Scripture. We are told that we should hide God's Word in our heart so that we might not sin against Him. Learning and memorizing Bible verses is a good way to help. We also have games and fun during these meetings, as well as a good home-cooked meal.
Sat., April 26 - our annual Evening with Gil's Hills.
May (date to be announced) - annual Workday.
The BIGGIE that's coming up is our effort to continue to raise funds for two cabins. These cabins will be setup for winter use as well as summer. We need to raise around $7,000.00 in additional funds to complete this project. There is a $2,500.00 matching fund set up by an individual desiring to see this project finished in time for summer camp. You can help by sending a gift and writing "Matching fund" on your check. The labor for these cabins to be built is $0.00 (ZERO!). Yeah! PTL!
Thank you so much for your love & support!
To me, the response was tremendous; so because of that, Gil's Hills will now be having D.A.S.H. meetings on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
Think of it this way, have you ever been walking through a cemetery and looked at the dates on a gravestone and wondered what that person was like and what do those that know that person remember them for? I know I have, but really in conjunction with this theme I think of Gil Parker. His stone reads June 9, 1909 -- May 11, 1994. Believe me, there is no way I could share the impact that man had on so many lives. He will always be remembered for his gift of giving to thousands of kids.
My personal goal is to continue instructing our kids using God's Word and showing them the importance of living out His will for their lives.
We have noticed, especially this past year, that changes need to be made to reach kids in their world. Some of these changes will be physical things such as equipment, furniture, and training aids. Another big change would be to have a full-time Assistant Director or Ministry Coordinator. Anyway we look at it, the bottom line is knowing and pursuing God's will for this ministry. Gil's Hills Ministries will c ontinue to walk by faith and not by sight to His glory!
Thank you so much for you love and support, and don't forget, God Loves You and We Do Too!
Thank you so much for your part in keeping Gil's Hills on the go.
Since my last letter that negative gap has been closed to $2,259.43.
Your faithful generosity is greatly appreciated!
It's when things go wrong that you must not quit.
The summer, so far, has been quite eventful. Our summer program has gone very well. With one more week to go I can't wait to see what God is going to do. I'll wait until our September newsletter to report on camp.
For those of you keeping up with Gil's Hills over the years, you have seen God perform so many miracles. Miracles ranging from things pertaining to the buildings and grounds, vehicles, food and other supplies, spiritual and physical healings and of course, finances. God has brought us to the point where we are convinced that depending on Him is the only way to go. that is why we are no longer receiving any state, federal or local grants. In that dependence and commitment to Him, He has raised up faithful supporters like you. He has given you the vision and commitment to help keep things going according to His plan.
For over two months now, I have been waiting to see what God was going to do in the financial area of His ministry. Several of my prayer partners have suggested that we need to tell the people and the churches how Gil's Hills is doing financially, because they are the ones He is using to keep the ministry going. I am convinced that now is the time to share the financial picture.
According to the opening line in the poem "Don't Quit", sometimes things do go wrong. The finances have not been coming in as anticipated. One reason for that is Gil's Hills has been receiving a large gift for years from a certain foundation and it appears as though we will not be receiving that gift this year. It was part of our anticipated income when we set up the budget.
We need a mracle -- NOW.
Needless to say, there is nothing left. When I was diagnosed with ALS, I refused to quit. Financial security is nice, I guess, but being wrapped in my Father's arms is much better. "It's when things go wrong that you must not quit."
My God shall supply all of your needs according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus.
Thanks so much for the love and support you have shown to the King's Kids.
As the weather gets better, it's so good to get outside and enjoy the warmth, fresh air and the beginning of new life. New life in Christ is even more exciting! According to our first quarter statistics, we can see that God is up to something good! Ministry has been great, volunteers have come to the rescue, and the blessings from heaven are a marvel. We could just stand still and say, "Look at what we have done!", but NO, it's "Look at what God has done and is doing!"
to help take things down.
More vendors are also needed.
on how you can help.
The dates for our summer retreats have been scheduled, and volunteers are always needed.
and ready to go by July 8th.
June 29th, Gil's Hills Annual Fundraiser--the clock is ticking! If you, your church, or civic organization would like to help raise funds for Gil's Hills Ministries either as a vendor or quilter, please call Julie Kerls at 585-968-0002, soon!
February was a lean month for the Gil's Hills finances (ending with a deficit of $3573.13).
A special love offering at this time would be greatly appreciated. Thank you so much for praying.
Giving Opportunity: Gil's Hills needs a portable, battery operated sound system.
Cost (new) is approximately $700.00. Call for details.
our CB Clubs. Call for details.
1. Salvation for the lost.
2. Kids making a decision for Christ.
3. All of our programs.
6. Good health for our staff and volunteers.
7. Upkeep on the buildings and grounds.
9. Our board of directors, as they make many important decisions throughout the year.
The wish list for right now is a short one. Our indoor recreation equipment has been used to the max. We need to replace several items and purchase some new games as well. Food donations or gift certificates would help cut expenses. One supporting church furnishes meals for a month. Pherhaps this in something your church, missions group or organization would like to do.
just seemed to blow by us so fast.
Before I report on the camps though, let me say that the fundraiser we had on June 30th was quite an experience. It was much more than I expected, as we had vendors from all over the area participating in raising funds for Gil’s Hills. The amount raised was very good, but what excited me most was the fact that we were promoting the ministry. So many folks, although being from this area, had never heard about Gil’s Hills. A BIG thank you goes out to everyone that helped make that day a huge success.
no major problems. The kids learned about how they could survive with Jesus, Others and You, which, of course, means surviving with a personal relationship with Christ.
Greetings from all of us between the hills at Gil’s Hills!
10 am to 4pm that will be held at the Obi Community Church on Route 305 between Portville and Cuba New York. If you don’t have a GPS, just follow your nose...and eventually you’ll smell the delicious chicken barbeque wafting down the road! Tickets are already on sale for $7.50 and can be obtained by calling Gil’s Hills at 593-6211 or Julie Kerls at 585-968-0002.
There will be various booths outdoors where you will find our friends displaying their multiple arts, crafts, hobbies, interests, etc. Each of these booths are supporting the Gil’s Hills Ministries benefit. We still have room to include your booth! Do you know what your God given abilities or gifts are? Would you like to put them in action? If so, please call Julie to hear the fair and reasonable details of how you can get involved. A couple of examples of some of the booths are listed in the next column.
Help Spread The Word--One of our booths is a baked goods table. We don’t have a list of what she will be bringing, but she has been specifically requested to bring her yummy sticky buns! Whatever she brings should certainly cover your dessert cravings.
There will be a nail art booth manned by two high school girls, donating all their proceeds to Gil’s Hills. They work solely on donations year round. During the prom seasons, they are fully booked with a waiting line. They have quite an assortment of designs available. So come and get your nails done at a great price for great cause!
Also, we will be having a professional Face Painter waiting to give you a personal “make-over.” You’ll be able to get just a small painting done or the full face. This isn’t just for kids! Come on, adults…..JOIN IN THE FUN!
Speaking of fun—there will be a kids play area (ages: toddler to pre-teen). For a very nominal fee, you may leave your children in a supervised area to play on the swings or in the bounce houses.
Help Spread The Word--That gives you the opportunity to browse around our Chinese Auction tables. We welcome any baskets/items that you wish to donate to the Auction. Again, if you are interested in donating to this event, please call Gil’s Hills Ministries (Ken) or call Julie Kerls to make arrangements to pick up your donation prior to the event.
Inside the church, you will find our sanctuary transformed into a QUILT Show! Guests will be given the opportunity to vote on favorites and chances to enter a raffle for a quilted wall hanging. Do you have a quilt you’d like to display? We’d love to include you in our show and we promise to take good care of your project. For this one contact Julie. We will also have quilt shops for you to browse through as well.
Please Help Spread The Word, grab some money, tell your friends and join us on June 30th for a great day of family fun. Every penny you spend will be going to help the King’s Kids between the hills at Gil’s Hills!
with bounce houses and face painting, and much more.
We welcome volunteers to work that day and/or donate to the bake sale or Chinese auction.
Pre-sale BBQ tickets are on sale now.
This is more than just a fund raiser, it's an event for your entire family to enjoy!
For more information, or to order BBQ tickets, call Gil's Hills or send us an email.
Click here for a map to Obi Community Church.
“How do you keep up with the times at Gil’s Hills?” It’s a very good question coming from him because he was around 23 years ago when I first started. That was when everything was about camping and doing things in “the great outdoors”. Well, if I had my way things would be the same as 23 years ago, but I have to be realistic and adjust with the times. A feat that is not easy for me. When I go on a missions trip to Jamaica the motto for the team is “BE FLEXIBLE”. At Gil’s Hills the same applies. I have to admit it’s tough learning new techniques as well as keeping up with technology. I been have reminded several times that the gospel will never change but the methods in presenting the gospel do.
God loves you and we do too!
I have alway enjoyed making crafts. It must have started when my mom led Girl Scouts years ago. With weekly dues of 10 cents to buy supplies along with household and nature items, we made some wonderful creations. Empty Clorox bottles became piggy banks or washroom totes. Egg cartons were fashioned into Christmas trees, and dried milkweed pods became Angel's wings when painted gold.
Kids still love to make crafts and we are still doing some of the oldies. Because of your love and support of Gil's Hills, we have been bountifully blessed by your craft donations. Recently, 15 boxes of brand new craft supplies were donated. This one donation will keep us going for months! Thank you so much!
Here are a few examples of what we've made, past and present: heart sachets, painted ceramics, yarn octopi, Christmas wreaths (2 were taken to the Nursing Home when the kids sang Christmas carols there), laced hearts, tulle wreaths, banners, and salvation stars. I would imagine that over the last 15 years, we have made over 150 different crafts. We provided 606 services in the craft room this past year. It has been a real blessing to us and the kids we serve.
Thanks again for blessing God's heart through your gifts. | 2019-04-23T20:23:50Z | http://www.gilshills.org/gh-news--events.html |
"(On the N1K1, 1001 of near 1500 "George" built) It was probably faster than the Hellcat (It was vs -3s: N1K1: 650 km/h), but the turning performance and maneuverability were not very good. If you were rough with the stick, you could go into what the pilots called "autorotation". During this movement the aircraft would go out of control, or sometimes, it went into a spin. It turned in a way the pilot could not predict. For example, during an aerial melee over Manila with US fighters, a squadron mate of mine went into autorotation when our unit engaged them. His aircraft then went into a spin and crashed into the ground. In autorotation, you do not know what will happen, whether you will go into a spin, or flip over. It is totally unpredictable.
On the flaps: "They worked very well, however, in spite of them, handling the plane was still a problem. The combat flaps worked well in tight turns, and they would work smoothly. But, there were still handling problems with the aircraft. Ryoichi Yamada"
-These problems were apparently much reduced, or absent, on the low-wing N1K2.
BTW, I think Grumman might dispute your suggestion that the N1K1 was one of the few mid-wing single-engine monoplane fighters of WWII.
All he's saying is that math alone cannot predict the flight behavior of an aircraft, which would seem like common sense given other factors outside the realm of what the math measures. However, if the calculations take other considerations, such as stick force, vibrations, and propeller mechanics into the equation, then it can be mathematically calculated to predict behavior.
The problem is such calculations are often not used until after the plane is flown because factors like vibrations and stick forces aren't immediately apparent with out actually testing them.
"autorotation" is a new term for me in describing aircraft behavior. It seems something is lost in the translation of that journal. Is he describing torque or gyroscopic forces?
Most importantly, it changes the length of the landing gear by a few inches, which is why it was done.
Can you share your source for this?
Well... although I'm not really a math person myself, I fully believe that you can predict very accurately what the behavior of an aircraft is in real life down to a fairly fine degree. With one caveat... you need to know all of the various components to the equation. I imagine with computer modeling in the modern day we can probably do that... the guys working on the F-35 JSF project probably knew what the JSF was going to be like ages before one flew.
Nothing replaces going out and trying it out "the old fashioned way". In World War II... the situation was obviously far different than the modern day. It was almost as much a science as it was an art to determine if an airframe would be viable or not - not surprising the number of errors, mistakes, redesigns and so forth before even the best of the World War II aircraft were made viable.
In aviation, the word autorotation is applied to operation of fixed-wing aircraft and rotary-wing aircraft. The word has significantly different meanings in each of these two applications.
In the operation of fixed-wing aircraft, autorotation is the name given to the manner in which an aircraft in a stall, or approaching the stall, displays a tendency to roll spontaneously to the right or left. A fixed-wing aircraft in a spin rolls continuously to the right or left, displaying the characteristic known as autorotation.
Gaston's quote seems to be using the term in its usually-accepted sense. Then again, Gaston is quoting someone else.
Actually rolling the opposite way of an enemies bank is a tactic used to help the faster moving pursuit plane make a similar change in direction with out over G ing his plane or blacking out (G-loc). Works in game if you try it, and usually favors the faster rolling planes. It also helps if the enemy reverses his roll in which case you don't have to counter your roll inertia and instead you either slow your roll or stop rolling so he banks into your path.
Depends on the math used and what factors it incorporated. According to the manual the Ki-84 has a maximum allowed acceleration of 5Gs. I'm not sure where the ki-100 ranks, but it might be considerably higher, in which case if factored in properly could determine why a 3 v 1 would still side with the 100 even in simulation.
A source would be pretty interesting too.
That's minly because we're not watching a CFD-analysis (which would take a couple of weeks per aircraft), but playing a simplified game.
There's enough maths out there to very precisely tell how an aircraft flies - months before it's actually being built.
Unfortunately, this is pretty boring to watch and will propably not tell YOU anything useful at all, as you like to believe fiction over facts anyway.
If you check how similar the N1K1 and N1K2 were you'll find that the differences were far more than "a few inches in wing position".
So I'd like to know why the wing position should be the deciding factor for the differences in handling.
Math can always be used - and is frequently used - to make predictions. If you have independent and dependent sets of data, no matter what the data is about, you can build a table and make a prediction (or projection).
The question is whether or not real world trends shift from the model.
My understanding was that lengthening the fuselage solved a few of the problems.
That, a different tail and a different mass (distribution) would imo explain differences in handling very well.
But since Gaston knows it all and much better than anyone else on this world and he says it is all down to moving the wing a couple of inches, I'd like to know why the other changes had no effect.
wing position should be the deciding factor for the differences in handling.
Basic Stability and Control dictates the change the aerodynamic center of the wing and you change the aircraft Neutral Point. Which of course speaks to basic handling characteristics. All aircraft handling will alter as the CG's relationship to the NP changes including changes for consumables in flight.
Not that the tin foil hat theories that are the topic of the thread about basic aircraft performance are close to correct.
I am sure in a flush of goggling, JtD will post a treatise on why that is wrong.
I see it is the same "zoo". I won't waste anymore of my time. Good Luck.
Arm for instance = distance between areodynamic center of the wing and CG.
Aerodynamic center of the wing changes.
Only aerodynamic center of the wing matters in Gastons world. Why?
I would consider this more solid by the time I reach a few dozen, concurring, combat accounts of confirmed N1K2 types by necessity of time and location.
See how REAL caution about accuracy works?
I know of one Ki-61-Ib pilot account describing how this supposedly slow-climber could out-zoom anything the US had until the P-38 was encountered, to the Ki-61's pilot's great shock... He described he could out-zoom the F6F easily and, in his words, "even the F4U was inferior to my Ki-61 in zoom, but with the P-38 I found myself in a predicament I had never faced before, as it stayed behind me even in the steepest climb as I tried to escape..."
Let me guess: Did math predict this outstanding and important tactical feature of early short-nosed Ki-61s?
My basic point is the N1K1 may have had very good qualities we are yet unaware of (like good stability and very good handling and zoom in high speed dives, making it an uniquely good BNZ aircraft as an example), but math utterly fails to predict one very basic point about the aircraft: That it was inferior and dangerous to fly in turn maneuverability compared to the likely US opposition: The F6F. Again, this very BASIC character point is totally absent from any calculations made then or since... How could a simulation chose math over this very basic point and claim a "percentage" of any sort in modelling accuracy?
The "personality" of a fighter aircraft, and its most peculiar salient points, are what should matter the most from any rational gameplay point of view: Isn't difference what makes these things interesting? Isn't it obvious the math morass used in simulations today simply levels everything into the same mediocre and untrue portrait?
"At these schools, the cream of the IJAAF's instructors, all very experienced combat pilots, would give their opinion on the new fighter (Ki-100). Almost all the Akeno instructors were graduates of the 54th Class of the Army Air Academy and also highly-qualified sentai commanders in their own right.
During March and April they would fly the Ki-100 in comparison tests against the most capable Japanese fighter then in service, the Ki-84 "Frank". After extensive testing the conclusion drawn by the Akeno pilots left little to the imagination.
In short, it stated that given equally skilled pilots, the Ki-100 would ALWAYS win a fight with the Ki-84 in any one-to-one combat. They further added that in a combat situation with up to three Ki-84s, the Ki-100 pilot could still develop the battle to his advantage.
The results of the evaluations at the Hitachi school were just as clear-cut. Captain Yasuro Mazaki and captain Toyoshia Komatso,also both graduates of the 54th class, developed the combat evaluation situations for the new fighter, and in order to give an unbiaised opinion of the aircraft, they swapped aircraft after each engagements and attempted combat from the opposite standpoint.
In the first combat the Ki-100 was flown against a single Ki-84 with the Ki-100 winning outright.
Mazaki stated: "When we entered combat with the Ki-100 taking the height advantage, the Ki-100 won every time. Even with an altitude disadvantage the Ki-100 could hold down the Ki-84 in two or three climbs during the exercise"
He added that the Ki-84 was "only superior to the Ki-100 in diving speed. The Ki-100 was much better in the turn and while climbing."
-I could not locate this more precisely quoted claim that the Ki-100 -"was so superior in turns as to be able to take on two P-51s at the same time", but it came directly from an experienced Japanese commander.
Against the P-51: "Aeroplane" p.77: "I learned how to take my fighter out of the firing line of the P-51 when being chased. I might never be able to shoot it down, but I was sure I would never be downed!"
P. 77. "The Ki-100 could fight equally against the P-51D"
P. 77. "The maneuverability of the Ki-100 was the best of the Army's frontline fighters with the exception of the Ki-43... And it had a strong advantage in that even less experienced pilots could fly it easily and fight with it."
Even if you discount, as I expect, the emphasis here on climbing and turn-fighting (made necessary in the real world warning contingencies by the usual altitude disadvange the Japanese had, making boom and zoom theories unuseable), you would still have to admit mathematics were of no help to predict the huge climb and turn performance gap between the Ki-100 and the Ki-84 as described here.
By 'evidence' I mean evidence about the results of math calculations that were done at the time or have been since. You have asserted that no math could predict the N1K1's handling characteristics, but provide no evidence so far. Are you now claiming to have done extensive research into the design processes of WW2 Japanese aircraft design? If you haven't, and cannot therefore back up your claims, this statement needs to be recognised for what it is - garbage.
Too tired to read and argue all that, but I'd like to know why it is now widely accepted that the Ki-84 did 400+mph in Japanese front line service (test report of a plane in field conditions would suffice).
I don't know why moving the wing a couple of inches when completely redesigning it would qualify as the by far largest change, but have it your way.
You know the differences between performance and handling and the physics & math behind predictions of either one?
For someone who constantly attempts to buttress their arguments with weight of opinion, you seem to have no problem with odd exceptions when it suits you.
but math utterly fails to predict one very basic point about the aircraft: That it was inferior and dangerous to fly in turn maneuverability compared to the likely US opposition: The F6F.
More silliness. The N1K2 was a highly capable plane, and was well liked by it's pilots.
This might be an interesting discussion if you actually owned and flew IL2.
"Aeroplane" November 2005, "Ki-100 fighter Database"
Incorrect. Dive-n-climb gunnery runs were what 343rd Air Group trained for in their N1K2's and successfully used in their interceptions of Allied planes.
The second book of the philosopher and popular author Martin Gardner was a study of crank beliefs, Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science. More recently, the mathematician Underwood Dudley has written a series of books on mathematical cranks, including The Trisectors, Mathematical Cranks, and Numerology: Or, What Pythagoras Wrought. And in a 1992 UseNet post, the mathematician John Baez humorously proposed a "checklist", the Crackpot index, intended to "diagnose" cranky beliefs regarding contemporary physics.
1. Cranks overestimate their own knowledge and ability, and underestimate that of acknowledged experts.
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So... what are you trying to say? The Ki-100 doesn't have nearly as much horsepower as the Ki-84 does. Also we know that the Ki-61 had a clean design that lent itself to adequate zoom climbs. This mostly translated into the Ki-100 and so while I don't know the drag co-efficient I do know that I can stay with more powerful aircraft in a Ki-100 during a zoom climb with not too much trouble.
The trouble with the quotes you have is that you're taking a lot of context out that is VERY important. Climb may mean zoom climb since the Ki-84 does have a better climb... but pilots often talk about zoom climb (as climb) because it's more usable in combat.
Also ... for all of the talk of math. I don't see very much... ?
Why not explain what the context IS, rather than say it is out of context, for a change?
If maths cannot predict that, what the HELL can it predict?
Quote R_Target: "Incorrect. Dive-n-climb gunnery runs were what 343rd Air Group trained for in their N1K2's and successfully used in their interceptions of Allied planes."
In the same vein, the Tu-2 empty is also said to out-turn most of the Soviets single-engine fighters. If maths were so predictive, how come we don't hear the same about the Pe-2?
The power, empty weight and wing area of the Ki-67 are only marginally different from those of the B-25 (Ki-67 span is a bit larger): Does that mean we have to expect the B-25 to out-turn Ki-84s or N1K1s now?
In the world of all-seeing maths it does seem to mean that... You'll have to excuse me for being a bit sceptical.
Regarding turning, look at the stall speed. The plane with the lower stall speed will always find conditions where it can outturn planes with a higher stall speed in a low speed turn.
Look up bomber stall speeds and compare them to fighter stall speeds.
Nothing wrong with skepticism, and anyone who is a fan of the history of aviation knows that math is not the end all to predicting aircraft behavior.
The "math" on its face is very reliable. "Math" should alleviate skepticism because it applies the same rules over a vast combination of data and prototypes, or what ever the engineer is designing. Its easy to compare wing areas, weight, power and drag ratios, but anything the math does not recognize will cause an error in the prediction of the behavior. The math would not recognize the variables that are left out of the calculation. From that stand point its easy and reasonable to think that "math" can not be a 100 percent predictor.
"Here you go, get on board. It will fly because my math says so."
How many of you would get on a plane that had never been test flown and rely strictly on the math as a predictor?
I don't think anyone here disagrees with that.
Yes but what if the cockpit is cramped as to prevent one plane from efficiently using all of its elevator throw.
On paper it makes a tighter circle, but in practice it could become quite a chore, enough to effect the actual performance.
This is a hypothetical, but something that only math would predict if it were considered in the calculation. Analyzing wing area and weight would not draw that conclusion, which is what i think Gaston is trying to point out.
That's true but in simulation games we are not predicting performance, we are simulating known performance of the plane and that is very different from predicting performance of new design. Math behind simulation is pretty good and it is proven in practice. All of the current theories were tested and compared with real results, naturally, there is no 100% match between calculations and tests but test result are not the same all the time either. What matters for simulation is that calculations are reasonably close.
As for modeling planes in a game, i think publishers end up going with what is popular. I can't speak for Il2, it just seems like if the majority of your fan base likes Plane A, Plane B, and Plane C then they are likely to be the more superior planes in the game. It isn't that they aren't accurate, but since they might be the focus then they end up getting more attention. If more people fly them, then more people complain...and so on.
As a sim user i also look at other factors like playability, replay value, aside from accuracy.
The math always seems to come up because its the only concrete way to base anything off of.
Actually engineering airplanes is much more complex and involves a much wider range of math, much more complex than video game programming.
Seems like i'm stating the obvious, but for that reason i think people who program planes into a video game also use other methods of research.
I think Gaston was trying to touch on that, but since he has already exhausted this audience in previous threads the relevant things he says are quickly disputed.
The plane with the lower stall speed will always find conditions where it can outturn planes with a higher stall speed in a low speed turn.
Just as the airplane with the higher speed will always find conditions it can out turn the slower one.
No! Here comes another 40 page thread.
You're all over the place and you keep mentioning math but there's no math in your posts.
If they did a straight stall fight test then yeah the Ki-100 would probably win. Point is: we don't know the full context of the test or the climate in which the comments were made in. Picking bits and pieces of history often lead to misunderstandings. Just like interpreting aircraft performances with only certain criteria lead to large holes in information.
Quite a few pilot interviews contradict each other because it's based on memory and experiences often from the heat of combat. Memories get fuzzy. Results are skewed either intentionally or unintentionally to make one/side/nation/whatever feel better about itself. Aircraft that were tested by opposing nations often don't know what the factory ideal settings are for the planes so they guess at how they work (i.e. the captured Zero that had the fuel system installed incorrectly leading to negative G cut out in dives - not a problem for factory produced Zeros).
Where is your math and what on earth are you really talking about?
Mathematical modeling does not include the pilots. Incorrect use of modeling will not include the situation. So it is easy for an agenda-driven troll to strongly misrepresent any model in comparison to troll-interpreted historic accounts.
IL2 does not say that Karhila is wrong and I am sure it does not say that Ki-100 is a loser, no matter how many losers can't get the best out of the IL2 model.
Raaaid please notice! If you hook the leads of a good size speaker to a diode bridge and point it at a sound source, you get rippled DC out. Using a whiner as the sound source you will have some _small_ but free energy. The thing is that if the whiner finds out it is doing something useful, it will probably quit.
Historical context - means quite a few things. I could write a whole book on it. But if you look at some basic pilot comments re: the Ki-100 versus Ki-84 and P-51 performance you see things like the Ki-100 having excellent climb. Well Japanese pilots and most combat pilots usually talk about what is "usable" in combat... so what they really mean is zoom climb.
Aren't assumption like these misleading? Isn't that the problem with using pilot combat reports to begin with?
I don't entirely disagree, but what do you say about a plane like the P-47, notorious for its slow climb, yet praised for its zoom performance?
or a 109, notorious for its climb ability yet in some cases out matched in zoom performance?
The P-51 was not known for its extended climbs either. I think speed has a direct correlation with zoom performance.
A slower plane does not usually out zoom a faster plane unless there is a hugely disproportionate difference in thrust to weight.
"....so what they really mean is zoom climb" is not something i could conclude with out more examples.
The reason i say that is because there might be conditions where it is true. Obviously, the start speed is going to dictate the zoom performance the same way it would dictate dive performance. If anyone dare attempt to formulate comparisons, i think you might see that start speed will effect the way each plane performs in a zoom climb.
i would also mention that typical combat tactics didn't involve climbing to escape by the allied planes. It was dive, separate and then extend.
I was looking at a test for the Allison (P-40N) for level speed and climb.
The interesting thing is that the full throttle height on the climb test is about 7000ft, and on the level speed test it was 9200ft. The engine was run at war emergency power, equivalent to 57" boost, on both tests.
The test mentions the climate was hot and dry desert conditions. The only thing that differentiates the two tests is the days they were tested.
I know the reason for these differences, my point is that even tests can be somewhat limited to making comparisons over a broad range of aircraft. You couldn't even make the same conclusions using the same aircraft if they were tested on different days. I would think the aircraft in question would have better climb performance if the FTH were closer to 9000ft than 7000ft, or that level speed performance would be hampered if FTH were closer to 6500 feet.
The interesting thing about some Japanese tests is that they'd perform mock dogfights with the planes in question, swap pilots, and repeat. Usually they get to some sort of conclusion that one plane is superior to the other because despite pilot ability, the one plane consistently outperforms the other in combat.
Hey Bill, where did you find a test where the P-40N has a full throttle height of 7,000 feet?
Also at full speed you get ram air effect while best climb is nowhere near that fast.
Using pilot reports, particularly those from combat are definitely a problem. Everything is situational and combat is so extremely stressful I'm sure that memories are totally contorted.
And yes it may be misleading because I haven't covered or researched nearly enough - my point was that we're missing quite a bit of context and he wanted an example. So he got one http://forums.ubi.com/groupee_common/emoticons/icon_smile.gif But I'm probably not being very well understood... so I tried.
Oh... and I would be interested in the P-40N test. I'm still hoping that we have that as a flyable P-40 variant sometime. That'd be great!
I just wonder what special sub-variant had FTH below 10,000 ft when -most- P-40N's had a ceiling from 31,000 to 38,000 ft and achieved top speed at 15,000+ ft. Even the B and C models could fight up to 20,000-21,000 ft. But the N models did vary quite a lot as to weight, armament, or which Allison engine was used.
FTH of about 15000 at WEP with 57" boost? I'd expect lower power settings, like Military around 52".
However top speed is attained. I don't find so many charts with FTH labeled. Would that be where the engine can no longer maintain full boost then?
FTH is the density altitude at which the specified power is available with full throttle set.
Commonly you want this figure for working out best endurance which in theory should be obtained flying Vh at FTH. Note that in the real world we are generally more interested in maximum range rather than how long we can stay airborne so max endurance isn't normally a big issue unless we are in a holding pattern and low on fuel.
As an example if your engine maximum recommended continuous power is 75% and you produce 75% of maximum horsepower with full throttle set at 7000 meters density altitude then your FTH for maximum continuous power is 7000 meters.
Clearly for a normally aspirated engine FTH for maximum takeoff power is sea level.
yeah, the charts on pearls site (http://www.raafwarbirds.org.au/targetvraaf/p40_archive/pdfs/P40N%20RAAF%20A29-412%20&%20418%20Test.pdf) indicate the full throttle height labeled at 6800ft for climb and 9200ft for level speed using a WEP setting of 57". starts at page 29.
The differences could be related to ram air pressure. This simply means the engine could not hold that WEP manifold setting above those heights.
Military power settings place FTH closer to 15000ft.
This seems to be a trend amongst the Allison engines when using higher boost settings, although General Motors also cleared the engine for 60" of boost when it was reported to have been pushing 72" in the field.
The history here is a bit questionable because most pilots could only achieve higher boost pressures above 12,000ft by over revving the engine and keeping the plane fast.
My main point was the difference in FTH on two separate tests, but now that you mention it, it could be because of RAM air.
Math can predict everything. If its not giving your the correct answer then your model/formulas are at fault not the math it self.
Or at least math can be used to predict -physical- movement pretty close but no guarantee any one person can. And it's no good for predicting -pilot- performance.
Relying on combat accounts from one side doesn't tell who the enemy pilot(s)(and crew) was/were or what their situation was except to approximations based on only an outside view.
Math is not good for telling if a pilot is going to use a certain tactic and flying style only or be able to react and switch to counter-tactics, only hoping he knows more than one. The right tactics are worth more than the best flying that only knows one or two basic styles. It's worth more than 10% 'better' plane.
Yet time and again I read that P-51's shot down X number planes and FW's shot down Z number planes, as if the plane chose the tactics let alone situational advantages and disadvantages or flew itself and made the shots. Try turning hard when you're going too fast. Couple that with a turn-fixated dweeb and you'll find out how rotten the FM is pretty quickly.
In the American Experience WWII volume there's a story about USAAF in North Africa and how Fighter Command started. Because in the beginning, the ground commanders had control of the fighters and spread them all out in assigned areas along the front, in small groups. And the LW would send about 4x as many in formation and tear them up. The pilots got together and sent a leader (famous pilot but I forget just who) to see Eisenhower and Fighter Command was born, the USAAF was no longer staked out for meat and the easy kills ended right there.
Now if I pick combat reports or combat results from that first period and assigned it all to the *planes* it is going to differ from the same 'correct procedure' applied to after the formation of USAAF Fighter Comand -- but still the same planes and the same pilots. Picking all of them and blending the whole campaign still isn't more than a fraction about *the planes* since the tactics and situation are worth more than the aircraft performance. Of course you have to understand what you;re reading to avoid falling into the old 'the plane did' trap. | 2019-04-22T12:18:33Z | https://forums.ubi.com/archive/index.php/t-220882.html?s=d8c9215f92a7609a7548b5ef93504d9c |
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European University Cyprus (EUC) developed out of Cyprus College, which was founded in 1961 by Ioannis Gregoriou, with the aim of providing students in Cyprus with well-rounded programmes of study combining academic and practical knowledge Today EUC is a modern university, operating five Schools, namely, the School of Arts and Education Sciences, the School of Business Administration, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the School of Sciences, and the Medical School. All undergraduate and postgraduate programmes offered by EUC are recognised nationally and internationally. The mission of the university is to educate our students for successful careers and life achievement, to understand and serve the needs of our society, and to create knowledge through research and innovation. The University also serves as the national representative for the prestigious International Social Survey Program (ISSP), the World Economic Forum, and as the official administrator in Cyprus of World Bank publications.
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The Center for Security Studies (KEMEA) has been established as the Greek Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reconstruction (former Public Order & Citizen Protection) think tank on security policies. It provides advisory and consulting services to the Ministry and other Public and Private authorities on relevant issues and support the exchange of knowledge and the transfer of technology between the Greek public Services responsible for Law Enforcement and Civil Protection and the respective European stakeholders. The placement of KEMEA in the European landscape of security is highlighted by representing the Greek Government to the European Research and Innovation Forum (ESRIF) of the European Commission as well as by its membership to the Board of Directors of the European Organization for Security (EOS). Furthermore KEMEA has been appointed since 2011 (Presidential Decree No39/06.05.2011) as the “National Contact Point” for the protection of ECIs (“EPCIP contact point”) of Directive 2008/114/EC of the Council of December 8th 2008 “regarding the definition and designation of the European Critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve the protection of such infrastructures”. Finally KEMEA is in charge of certifying the private security personnel in order to provide professional services in Greece.
University of Salford (USAL) is a well-established institution with state of the art facilities for research. According to a recent international league table, USAL has been ranked as one of the top universities in the world for the subject of Architecture and Built Environment. The School of the Built Environment of USAL continued its leading position in the QS World Ranking list of the world’s top 50 universities, after the prestigious international university rankings organisation Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) placed the School 39th in the World and 4th in the UK. The rankings highlight the world’s top universities in 36 individual subjects based on academic reputation and research impact. USAL is very experienced of conducting large research projects. For instance, between 1996 and 2009, it completed over £60M of funded research including major EU research projects and networks.
USAL’s Centre for Disaster Resilience (CDR) conducts funded projects that research into developing societal resilience to disasters and disruptive events caused by hazards. It is a leading Centre in the UK promoting multidisciplinary nature of the management of societal challenges and undertakes cooperative research with a large number of international partners. CDR has extensive experience in working in the South Asian Region having well established links with Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand, particularly in the areas of disaster management, critical infrastructure, adaptation and resilience. It currently leads international projects with several international partners.
CDR works quite closely with the THINKlab at USAL as part of the visualisation platform for disaster resilience. THINKlab is a futuristic and spacious research environment with state-of-the-art facilities. The space facilitates research related to Information and Communication Technologies, providing answers to challenges faced by industry, commerce and the community.
The National Protection and Rescue Directorate is an independent, professional and administrative organisation, tasked with preparing plans and managing operational forces as well as co-ordinating the activities of all participants in the protection and rescue system. The basic tasks of the National Protection and Rescue Directorate are stipulated by the Law on protection and rescue. The most important tasks are risk and vulnerability assessment, drafting measures aimed at preventing crises and accidents, ensuring that these measures are implemented, and effective emergency management in case of major disasters.
ADITESS is a Cyprus-based Small Medium Enterprise (SME) established in 2011. ADITESS is a scientific, consulting and research company whose purpose is to conduct theoretical and applied research and to produce studies, in strategic and in tactical level, on issues concerning Security policies, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Transportation and Cargo Security and Border Management and to develop state of the art applied Security Solutions at the above mentioned areas. ADITESS has the ability to provide advisory and consulting services to various Government Organizations and other Public and Private authorities on these same issues. Our staff composed of dedicated and experienced professionals who have outstanding professional and academic experience in the area of Homeland Security, and have been involved in EU Research Programmes as well as national and international projects for several years in the same area. ADITESS members decided to join their complementary skills in order to offer a large portfolio of services and support activities as well as technical expertise in both R&D and commercial activities. Our business philosophy is to adhere to the needs and requirements of our clients, providing high quality customer satisfaction, leading to a loyal and expanding customer following. ADITESS goal is to fully support our Clients to identify their specific needs, plan, implement and deliver project successfully. We intend to work closely with its Client providing a complete range of project delivery services and expert advice throughout the project life cycle.
Torbay Council is a Unitary Authority which covers the towns of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham in the UK. We deliver over 700 services to more than 130,000 residents and the many visitors who come to the Bay every year. The Council’s Engineering Section have a vast experience in the design and maintenance of drainage, structures, urban design and specialist services which includes coastal defences, landfill sites and cliffs.Within the drainage team we undertake all our own hydraulic modelling using Infoworks ICM. We are well known across the UK for our expertise in flooding and we sit on a number of national bodies/committees including representing all local authorities on the CIWEM Urban Drainage Group Committee. We have strong links with other national bodies including the Environment Agency and DEFRA. In addition we are involved with a number of Universities on research and development projects including Exeter University and Imperial College.
Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS), which was founded in 1931, has as its mission to provide meteorological support to National Defence, National Economy and Safety of life and property. It disseminates weather information to the public (forecasts and warnings), governmental organisations and civil protection, aiming at the safety of aviation and shipping, the economical growth and a sustainable environment. In parallel, over the past years, HNMS conducts research on meteorology and climate participating in a variety of projects funded by national or/and EU resources. HNMS has been independently audited and certified to be in conformance with ISO 9001: 2008 by DQS Hellas and applies a Quality Management System in line with the above Standard for the Provision of Aeronautical Meteorological support, meteorological observations, production and provision of forecasting products and aeronautical briefing.
University of Applied Science Velika Gorica is a higher education institution founded in 2003. The University started its operations by launching courses for several deficit professions and by adjusting to the needs of modern society in an innovative way. The mission of the University is development, continued modernization and implementation of courses, specialized graduate courses, life-long learning programs and realization of professional and scientific activities in the areas of crisis management, optometry, information technologies, motor vehicle maintenance and aircraft engineering. University’s vision is to become a renowned and technologically contemporary educational institution with unique courses in the Republic of Croatia and its surroundings. By providing Crisis Management undergraduate and graduate programmes and short specialized courses, University became national and regional center of higher and lifelong education and Center of Excellence in field of Crisis/Disaster Management.
Higher Education Best University Workplace and topped the tables in all four main categories in a survey carried out amongst staff in higher education across the country. Please visit here for the research carried out by HUD and read more about the GDRC research centre.
awareness and commitment for sustainable development practices that will reduce disaster risk and increase the wellbeing and safety of citizens. Members of GDRC have published collectively more than 150 journal papers in the field and generated more than £3 million in research income. GDRC has led a large number of research capacity building programmes at a large number of international HEIs focusing on: establishing, improving and sustaining research capability and capacity; developing comprehensive and robust plans and sets of activities to support Early Career Researchers and improve mentoring of staff, and supervisory capabilities; supporting the development of research skills; and, promoting international agenda including research collaborations. | 2019-04-26T03:51:55Z | http://www.eu-circle.eu/about/the-consortium/ |
I’ve been asked to speak this evening about “Why Buddhism?” which is of course a valid question, especially in the West, where we have our own religions, so why do we need Buddhism?
When we speak about Buddhist science, this is referring to things like logic, how we know things, and basically the view of reality – how the universe has come about, etc., these type of things – the relation between mind and matter. All of this is dealing with scientific topics, and Buddhism has a lot to offer in these areas.
Then Buddhist psychology deals with various emotional states, especially disturbing emotions that cause us a great deal of unhappiness (anger, jealousy, greed, etc.). And Buddhism is very rich in methods for how to deal with the problems that come up from these disturbing emotions.
Buddhist religion, on the other hand, deals with various ritual aspects, prayers; it deals with topics like rebirth. And that also is a very rich area.
So when we ask, “Why Buddhism? What need do we have for Buddhism in the West in the contemporary world?” then I think we need to look specifically at Buddhist science and Buddhist psychology. If people are interested in the more religious aspects of Buddhism, that’s very good; no problem. But in general it is not very easy if you are brought up in one religion to change to another religion, and for most people it causes conflict within themselves, loyalty conflict, and particularly can cause problems at the time of death – you’re very confused about what to actually believe.
So we need to be very careful about being Western people growing up in Western traditions and turning to the religious aspects of Buddhism, because there are additional problems that can be there, such as superstition coming in and expecting miracle things from the Buddhist rituals. So it is much better, much more recommended, at least in the beginning, to focus on Buddhist science and Buddhist psychology. These are areas that can be integrated very well into our Western traditions without conflict. So let’s look at some of these aspects of Buddhist science and psychology.
Logic is a very important part of the Buddhist training, and the way that it is studied is in terms of debating. So what’s the purpose of debate? The purpose of debate is not to win over your opponent, to prove that the opponent is wrong. But rather the whole point of the debate is that there’s somebody who is the proponent, and they state a certain position or certain understanding of one of the Buddhist teachings, and the other person challenges their understanding and is trying to test the other person to see how consistent they are in their understanding. So if you believe this or that, then logically something else follows from it. And if what follows from it is nonsense, doesn’t make any sense, then there’s something wrong with your understanding. So this is very important because if we’re going to try to understand something deeply concerning basic facts of reality, let’s say, such as impermanence, then we want to – what’s called meditation – we want to think deeply about it and make it a part of the way that we view the world.
Everything is changing moment to moment to moment, and that’s something which is important to understand in terms of our general mental peace. For instance, you buy a new computer, and eventually it breaks, and you get all upset about it: “Why should it break?” and so on. But if you think about it logically, the reason that it broke was that it was made in the first place. Because it was made from so many different parts and so many different things that are interconnected, then it’s very unstable, and of course at some point it’s going to break.
Even when we meet somebody and we develop a strong friendship or even a partnership, eventually it ends. So why did it end? Why did we break up? We broke up because we met. Every moment after we met, the circumstances and the conditions changed in this person’s life and in my life. The circumstances that supported our initial friendship are no longer there, and the friendship is dependent on all these conditions, so when it ends – well, of course it’s going to end, because the conditions supporting it have changed. So the final event which seems to us to cause the breakup – an argument, let’s say – is only the condition for the friendship to end. If it wasn’t this condition, it would have been something else. But the actual cause for it to end was because it began.
So like that, through logic, through debate, one comes to a definite understanding without any indecision (“Is it like this, or is it like that?”). That way, our understanding becomes very firm, very stable. And whether we’re doing meditation after that or whatever, it becomes much more effective. So this type of discussion, debate, logic, is very helpful for anybody in any situation. Very often we think in ways which are very unclear; we don’t think of the consequences of our actions or the consequences of our way of thinking. So if we can learn to think logically, then we’ll have far less trouble in our lives.
So this is one aspect of Buddhist science.
Then in terms of reality, one point we already discussed is in terms of impermanence. Everything is changing moment to moment to moment and coming closer and closer each moment to its end. This is reality. It’s true about our age. We can think, “Oh, every day I’m getting older” and think, “Well, okay,” but how many of us think every day that: “I’m getting closer to my death. That’s just reality”? But if we are aware of that, that each day we’re getting closer to our death and that death can happen at any time, which is true, then we don’t waste our time. We don’t put things off until tomorrow, tomorrow, tomorrow, but we use our lives in as meaningful a way as we can. And what’s most meaningful is to try to be of benefit to others. So this is reality. And it’s very helpful to think, “If this was my last day, what would I want to do in this last day? How would I use it in a meaningful way?” Because we never know when our last day will be. We could be hit by a car when we leave this room. This is not meant to make us depressed; it’s meant to make us use our time much more meaningfully.
Let’s take another example in terms of reality. Imagine being in an elevator with ten other people, and the elevator gets stuck. The electricity goes off, and you’re stuck in this elevator with these ten people for a whole day. How would you deal with each other? If you start to fight, if you start to argue, and so on, it’s going to be like a hell in this elevator. The only way that you can survive is if everybody is helpful, friendly, and kind to each other, because you’re all stuck in this elevator together; you’re all stuck in the same situation. So this is logical. This is reasonable, isn’t it? So then we extend this to the whole planet: The whole planet is like a big elevator, and we’re all stuck on this planet together. If we argue and fight with each other, it just becomes absolutely miserable for everybody. So the only way that we can survive is by everybody being friendly and kind and helpful to each other, because we’re all here together and we’re all in the same situation. We breathe the same air; we share the same ocean, water, land. We’re all in the same elevator. So like this. This is reality together with logic.
Also we have many fantasies and projections. We imagine that we and others and the world exist in all sorts of impossible ways. We project that, and it seems as though this is the way things exist, but it doesn’t correspond to reality; it’s just our fantasy, our projection.
For example, I might think that I can act in a certain way and it doesn’t have any consequences. So, “I can not get a good education, I can be lazy, and somehow this isn’t going to have any effect on my life; I’ll still be successful.” Or that “I can be late, or I can say cruel things to you, and it won’t have consequences.” A lot of people regard other people as not really having feelings. They never think that what they say might hurt the other person. So “I can be late, and it doesn’t matter.” Well, this is not reality. This is a projection of fantasy about cause and effect. But the reality is that everybody has feelings, just as I do, and what I say and how I act with you is going to affect your feelings, just as the way that you treat me and speak to me affects my feelings. So that’s reality, isn’t it? And the more that we understand that and keep mindful of that, the more considerate we are of others. We care about how we affect them, and we modify our behavior accordingly.
Or I could imagine that I exist independently of everybody else. This also is not reality, is it? If I think like that, then I’d think, “I should always get my way. I’m the most important. So I should always be served first before everybody else in the restaurant,” and if we don’t get our way, we get very upset, very angry. But the problem of course is that everyone else thinks that they’re the most important person and nobody will agree that we’re the most important. So this is our projection. This is our fantasy. This is not reality. Nobody is the center of the universe. Nobody is the most important. We’re all equal in the sense that everybody wants to be liked, nobody wants to be disliked. Everybody in the restaurant waiting to be served wants to have their meal, not just me. Everybody waiting in a doctor’s office wants to have their turn, not just me. So we’re all equal. This is again reality.
This is part of Buddhist science, to understand reality and to modify our behavior accordingly. There are of course other aspects of the teachings about reality. And it’s very interesting how Western scientists are starting to find that many of the points made in Buddhist science are correct – different ways of looking at things which they had not considered before.
For instance, we have in Western science the law of conservation of matter and energy: matter and energy can be neither created nor destroyed, only transformed. If we think in terms of that, what follows logically is that there’s no beginning and no end. So when we think in terms of the Big Bang, then we might think the Big Bang came from nothing – it started from nothing – but the Buddhist point of view is that there was something before the Big Bang. Buddhism has no problem with the Big Bang as the start of this particular universe, but there have been countless universes before, and there’ll be countless universes after. And Western science is slowly starting to think in these terms as well. And also it’s logical from a basic Western scientific point of view. So here again we come to logic. If you believe that matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed but only transformed, then it is totally inconsistent logically to assert, “But it had a beginning with the Big Bang.” So this is a clear example of the application of this Buddhist logic and debate to positions that we have in Western science.
One of the main assertions in Buddhist science is the relation between mind and matter. Mind and matter are interrelated. You can’t reduce mind to just the brain or some chemical process. You see, the problem is when you use the word mind you tend to think of it as being some sort of thing, but that’s not the Buddhist concept. The Buddhist concept is speaking about mental activity. And mental activity – which means knowing things – we can describe it by some chemical or electrical process in the brain, but we can also describe it from an experiential point of view, and it’s this experiential point of view that we’re talking about when we speak about mind.
And the medical scientists are discovering that it’s true what Buddhism says, that our state of mind, the quality of our experiencing life, will affect our physical health. So if we have peace of mind, inner calm... That means being free of always worrying and complaining and thinking in a very negative, pessimistic way. If we think in these negative ways, it is harmful to the health. Whereas if we are optimistic, kind, thinking of others, friendly, calm – this strengthens the immune system, and it is conducive to better health. So medical science, in various centers around the world, is doing research about this, and they’re finding that what Buddhism says is true, that our state of mind affects the body, so it affects matter. And we have many programs in the West now using what’s known as “mindfulness” meditation for control of pain to help people to deal with stress, pain, difficult situations. This is basically staying focused on the breath, which keeps us calm. It connects us to earth, in a sense, to a physical element, so that you’re not so upset about thinking, “Me, me, me and my pain and my worry” and “I’m so upset.” So it calms one down and is very, very helpful for pain management. So we certainly don’t have to follow Buddhist religion in order to benefit from such methods.
So this is Buddhist science.
Now, Buddhist psychology deals with how we know things, so in other words cognitive science (the difference between psychology and science is not so strict). So we have the study of ways of knowing – how do we know things? – and we also have how we deal with emotional problems. These are the two areas of Buddhist psychology.
So what are the valid ways of knowing things? We can have what’s known as bare perception. This is seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling some physical sensation (and we can also have these in dreams, and then it’s mental). So when we see someone, this needs to be valid. It’s not always valid: “I thought I saw something over there, but I’m not quite sure.” “I thought I saw you in the crowd, but I’m not quite sure. I thought I saw you, but actually it was somebody else.” “I thought you said this, but maybe I was wrong and I heard differently.” That’s not valid, is it? This isn’t accurate and decisive.
And there can be a lot of causes for distortion. Like I take off my glasses and I see just a blur in front of me. But you don’t exist as a blur, do you? There’s something wrong with my eyes, and that’s why it looks distorted. If I asked somebody else, “Do you see a blur over there?” they would say no, so I would know that this was wrong.
So we have bare perception, and here we’re talking about accurate, decisive perception.
And also valid is inferential understanding. It has to be a valid one though, not an incorrect one. Inference. Reasoning. “Where there’s smoke there’s fire” is the classic example. You see smoke coming from a chimney on the far mountain. So we have a valid perception – you see the smoke – and we can infer a fire (we don’t actually see the fire). Where there’s smoke, there must be a fire. So that’s valid.
But there are some things that you can’t even know by logic, like the name of the person who lives in that house, and for that you need a valid source of information. That’s also a type of inference – that this person is a valid source of information, therefore what they say is true. The best example for that is: “When is my birthday?” There’s no way that we could know our birthday by ourselves. The only way we can know our birthday is by asking our mother or seeing the records, so a valid source of information.
There are many forms of inference. There’s inference based on well-known conventions: You hear a sound. How do you know that it’s a word? And how do you know what meaning it has? That is quite an amazing process if you think about it. We’re just hearing sounds, basically, but because we have learned certain conventions, we infer when we hear this sound that it is the sound of a word, and we infer that it has a certain meaning. Of course we have to check because sometimes we think that a person means something by what they say when they actually mean something completely different.
So this is what we’re talking about when we talk about this aspect of Buddhist psychology, cognitive science. We have to check. “I infer from what you said that this is what you mean, but is that correct or not?” Very often we misunderstand what the other person’s meaning is, don’t we? Somebody says, “I love you,” and we could think that means that they are sexually interested in us, whereas that’s not at all their meaning. A lot of misunderstanding can come because of that incorrect inference.
So if it is valid inference, it is accurate and decisive.
Presumption is invalid. “I presume that you mean this, but I’m not sure.” Presumption is a guess basically. “I guess this is what you mean.” It could be right, it could be wrong, but it’s indecisive. “I think that this is what you mean.” That’s presumption. But we’re not sure.
Then there’s indecisive wavering: “Do you mean this, or do you mean that?” We go back and forth.
And then there’s distorted cognition, where we think something completely incorrect. This isn’t at all what the other person meant.
So this is how cognition works, and Buddhism speaks a great deal about this. It’s very, very helpful for us to understand, from any type of background, “Is my way of knowing this correct or incorrect?” If I’m still not sure, then I need to recognize that and try to correct it, try to find out again what is reality. So this is helpful for anybody. You don’t need Buddhist religion and rituals for this.
Then the other main topic in Buddhist psychology has to do with emotions. We have both positive and negative emotions. These negatives ones are disturbing emotions; they disturb our peace of mind. We’re talking about things like anger. The definition is that this is a state of mind which, when it arises, causes us to lose our peace of mind – so we become a little bit upset, a little bit nervous – and it causes us to lose self-control. So when we get angry, our energy – you can feel it, it’s disturbed. And we say and do things that later we might regret. We just act compulsively.
We hear a lot in Buddhism about karma. And what karma is talking about is this compulsive aspect of our behavior based on previous habit. So when we have great attachment or desire or greed, then again we’re not calm – we are upset because we want to have something – and again we have no self-control, like with that chocolate, that I just have to eat it.
So these are disturbing emotions. But on the other hand, there are positive ones. Buddhism isn’t saying to get rid of all your emotions. There are things like love, which is the wish for others to be happy and to have the causes of happiness regardless of what they do, regardless of how they treat me or my loved ones. And there’s compassion, the wish for others to be free from suffering and the causes of suffering. There’s patience. There’s respect. So there are many positive emotions as well. So we need to learn to be able to differentiate between what is constructive and what is destructive in our emotions and in our way of acting. And Buddhism is very rich in teaching not only all these different emotional states so that we can recognize them, but also rich in methods for helping us to get rid of these disturbing states of mind.
So you remember we were speaking about misconceptions, about projections of what’s just not real? One of the most prominent projections is about how we exist. As I was saying, in very simple style, we think that we’re the most important one, that we exist solidly, by ourselves, and we should always have our way, and everybody should like us. What’s very interesting is to think in terms of: “Not everybody liked the Buddha, so why should I expect that everybody’s going to like me?” A very helpful statement to remember.
So, anyway, we think in terms of: “I am this solid thing sitting inside my head, the author of the voice going on in my head, worrying about What should I do? What do people think of me?” As if there’s a little me sitting in the head seeing all the information coming in on a screen and loudspeaker from the senses and pushing the buttons that make the body move or the speech work: “Now I’ll do this. Now I’ll say that.” So this is a disturbing misconception about ourselves. How do we know it’s disturbing? Because we all feel insecure. Thinking like that, there’s this insecurity and worry about myself: “What do people think of me?” etc., etc.
So what happens is that we have these projections not only about ourselves but then about everything around us. We see various objects, and we exaggerate the good qualities that they have. We project even good qualities that they don’t have. Like when we fall in love with somebody, “They’re the most wonderful person in the world.” We totally ignore any shortcomings they might have. “They’re the most beautiful, desirable person I’ve ever seen.” And then if we don’t have them, longing desire: “I’ve got to get them as my partner, as my friend.” And if we have them as our friend, attachment (we don’t want to let go) and greed (we want more and more of their time).
So this is a disturbing state of mind, isn’t it? We need to see reality: everybody has strong points, weak points. We often think, and this is completely unreal, that: “I’m the most important one. So I’m the only one in your life. You should give all your time to me,” and we forget completely that they have other people in their lives, other things that they’re involved with, not just us. So we get angry. We feel insecure. And if they don’t call us, we exaggerate the negative quality of that, and we don’t want to see any of the good qualities of our relation with this person. And we get angry; we want to get this away from us, so we yell at them, “Why didn’t you call me? Why didn’t you come?” So that’s based on there’s a little me, that I should always have my way, I should be the most important one, and the unreality that I am the only one in this person’s life.
Buddhism gives a very clear analysis of what is upsetting, what is incorrect, in this way of thinking and feeling. Because, you see, our minds make things appear like that, and the problem is that we believe that it corresponds to reality. So we have all these methods to, in a sense, pop the balloon of our fantasy. It may feel as though I’m the only one who exists, because when I close my eyes I don’t see anybody else anymore and there’s still the voice in my head. But this is silly. That’s not reality. That doesn’t correspond to reality. You don’t stop existing when I close my eyes. So this is basic Buddhist psychology.
Or in terms of love and compassion. We have many methods for developing these that are taught in Buddhism, and anybody can benefit from them (again without following the religious aspects of Buddhism). Love and compassion is based on everybody being equal: everybody wants to be happy; nobody wants to be unhappy. Everybody likes to be happy. Nobody likes to be unhappy. We’re all the same.
We’re all interconnected. My whole life depends on the kindness and work of others. We think of all the people involved in growing the food that we eat, transporting it, bringing it to our stores. Then there are people who built the roads and the people who built the trucks that carry the food. And where did the metal come from? Somebody had to mine the metal to make the trucks. What about the rubber for the tires? Where did that come from? So many people involved in that industry as well. And what about the petrol and the dinosaurs and so on whose bodies decomposed and made this petrol? So if we think like that, then we see that we are totally interconnected and dependent on everybody else. And this becomes even more evident in terms of our global economy.
So on the basis of understanding that equality of everyone and our interdependence with everyone, then we think in terms of: “Whatever problems there are, they have to be solved.” Because as one great Indian Buddhist master said, “Problems and suffering do not have an owner; suffering needs to be removed, not because it’s my suffering or your suffering – it has to be removed just because it hurts.” So when there’s a problem with the environment, let’s say, it’s not just my problem or your problem; it’s everybody’s problem. There’s no owner to the problem. It has to be solved because it’s a problem, simply because it’s a problem and causes trouble to everyone.
So like that, we develop love and compassion in a method that has nothing to do with religion, but is totally based on logic and reality.
So when we ask, “Why Buddhism?” these are the aspects that make Buddhism relevant for us in the Western world, the scientific aspects and the psychological aspects. Then for a few of us Westerners, we might find in addition the religious aspects of Buddhism beneficial – the rituals, the teachings about rebirth, the prayers, and so on. But as I said, it’s very important to examine very carefully what is our reason for this attraction. Is it just fascination with the exotic? Are we looking for some sort of miracles? Are we doing it as a rebellion against our parents or our traditions? Are we doing it just because it’s the present trend; it’s so-called “cool” to be involved with Buddhism? These are not valid reasons, because they don’t last; they’re not stable. If we are attracted and we find that it is beneficial for us (it helps me to be a kinder, more compassionate person), and it supplements the scientific and psychological aspects – and that’s very important, that it needs to supplement the science and psychology and not substitute for it – but if the religious aspects have those characteristics for us, then fine.
So like that we differentiate Buddhist science, psychology, and religion.
When we speak about rebirth, we use the notion of a mind. How much does it overlap with the idea of a soul?
When we talk about rebirth, we speak about mind. How much does that overlap with soul? We have to understand what we mean by mind and what we mean by soul.
Rebirth is speaking about continuity. Just as matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed but only transformed, similarly our individual, subjective mental activity can neither be created nor destroyed. It’s illogical for it to start from nothing. And if each moment generates a next moment in the continuity, then it’s illogical for it to just come to an end and turn to nothing. Of course there’s always some physical support for the mental activity, but it can be very, very subtle energy; it doesn’t have to be a gross body with a brain. So this is what goes from lifetime to lifetime to lifetime, even into Buddhahood, the continuity of individual, subjective mental activity, which can be very subtle or very gross, many different levels of it, but it continues moment to moment to moment without a break.
Now, when we talk about soul, of course it’s a Western word. And in different languages – Western languages as well – we have words for mind, we have words for spirit, we have words for soul. They don’t correspond to each other, even in our Western languages, and different religions are going to define soul differently in different languages. And then in Western religions there’s the relation between the soul and God. And then in Indian religions we have atman, and again with different ideas about atman. So it’s hard to just generalize in terms of the word soul.
But what is much more easy to discuss is me – not the concept of me, but what is me? The me or the self is something that we all have, but we project onto it ways in which it exists which do not correspond to reality. Like there’s some sort of solid me, like a piece of luggage on a conveyor belt, that goes through our whole life and into our next life as well. It’s very interesting: You look at a picture of yourself as a baby, and you say, “That’s me.” What’s me about that? Every cell in the body has changed. The way of thinking, the way of knowing things, is completely different from when we were a baby. And yet we say, “That’s me.” So what is me? Me is a word which is labeled onto all these changing instances in our life. And me is not any of these pictures, but the word me refers to something on the basis of all these different moments of my life, which is changing from moment to moment to moment.
The example that I always use is a movie, let’s say Star Wars. What is Star Wars? We say, “I saw Star Wars,” but can we see the whole movie in one moment? No. Any one moment of the movie, is that Star Wars? Well, yes. It’s a moment of the film Star Wars. So Star Wars is not the same as each moment of the film. Star Wars is not just the title “Star Wars.” The name “Star Wars” does refer to a movie – there is a movie Star Wars, it exists – but you can’t find it in any piece of the plastic of the film, you can’t find it in any scene, but it exists as changing from moment to moment to moment.
So the me or the self is like that. There’s the word me. It refers to something – I’m sitting here; I’m doing this; I’m talking to you. But it’s not identical with my mind or with my body or any moment of it. But on the basis of the continuity of body and mind, we can label it me. It’s not you. It’s changing moment to moment, and it’s nothing solid. So do you want to call it soul? What do you want to call it?
What was the term that Buddha Shakyamuni used in Sanskrit or Pali about this same thing?
The term that Buddha used was anata in Pali or anatman in Sanskrit, which is “not the atman” asserted by the other schools of Indian philosophy. The other schools of Indian philosophy assert the atman as being something which is static (it never changes and is not affected by anything), partless (which means it’s either the size of the universe, atman is the same as Brahma, the whole universe, or the atman is like some tiny spark of life), and which can exist totally separately from a body and mind in a state of liberation.
Some Indian philosophies assert that that type of atman has consciousness. That’s the Samkhya school. And the Nyaya school says that it doesn’t have consciousness. The one that says it has consciousness says that it just inhabits this body and uses the brain. And the one that says it doesn’t have consciousness says that it enters the body and says that consciousness just arises from the physical basis of the body.
If somebody believes in rebirth and they say they will be reborn, how certain can they be that all the characteristics and all the information stored in their consciousness will go on into their next life?
First of all, Buddhism asserts that rebirth is beginningless – no beginning – which means that we have habits and instincts from endless lifetimes. So, depending on many, many different factors, only some of these instincts and tendencies will manifest in any particular lifetime. It’s certainly not the case that all one’s instincts and learning from the immediately preceding life are going to manifest again in the next lifetime even if we are reborn as a human with a precious human rebirth, which is rare. A lot depends on what we were thinking and our state of mind when we died. And then all the circumstances and conditions of our next lifetime, which aren’t limited to just the conditions of our family, but there could be a famine in the country, there could be a war – there could be so many things that are going to affect what becomes manifest.
It’s very important, then, to try to put the main emphasis in our life into positive thoughts, not negative thoughts or behavior, and to die with calm, peace of mind, and positive thoughts and intentions to be able to continue on the spiritual path.
Maybe this is a good place to end. So we think whatever understanding, whatever positive force has come from this, may it go deeper and deeper.
That might sound like Buddhist religion, but it’s also quite scientific as well. If you have a nice meeting with somebody, and you are having a meaningful, positive conversation, and it ends with the telephone ringing, then the energy just drops completely and you completely forget about the positive conversation you had before. But if we end an interaction with thinking “May this make a positive influence on me,” then that positive feeling, that understanding, comes with us and can help us in our lives. So that’s how we end our discussion, and that’s a very helpful way of ending any positive interaction with anyone. | 2019-04-19T12:47:42Z | https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/science-of-mind/emotional-hygiene/buddhist-science-psychology-and-religion |
This month’s collaborative post highlights items from our Artifact Collection related to food. After all, one of the key components of this holiday season is celebrating with food. We hope you enjoy these collection highlights from our Artifact Collection.
I was drawn to this teacup and saucer because my mom and grandma both collected tea cups. I used to love examining the patterns of all the different teacups in my mom’s china cabinet when I was growing up and feeling the thinness of the fine bone china they were made of. This particular teacup and saucer in our artifact collection belonged to the mother of H. Summerfield Day, University Architect (1966-1975) and Planning Coordinator (1975-1980). It was collected and donated to the archives by a former library employee in the Cataloging Department, Dennis Wendell.
This wooden cheese box is interesting because it’s much sturdier than I would expect. It’s only 9.25” wide, so card stock would have sufficed. I think it would make a cool pencil box. Pasteurized process cheese is not my favorite kind, but I have such high regard for cheese that I can’t help liking the box. “Process cheese” notwithstanding, it was an ISC product so it was probably of exceptional quality. I’m inspired to make grilled cheese sandwiches and tomato soup this weekend.
I have chosen the bowl of wax apples, originally shown at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, as this month’s food-related artifact. I had heard of its existence here, but had never had the opportunity to see these first-hand until working on an artifact housing project earlier this year. I was amazed at how shiny and fresh these 140-year-old wax apples looked, and at the same time being terrified of causing damage to these amazing artifacts! Colonel G. B. Bracket, who created the wax apples for the Iowa State Horticultural Society’s exhibit, received a gold medal for the wax Iowa apples. The apples represent the 300 varieties of apples grown in Iowa at the time.
This milk carton came in with accession 2014-312. It has not yet been assigned an artifact number in our artifact database. Note the illustration of the Food Sciences Building, originally known as the Dairy Industry Building, on the front of the carton.
In a slight departure from the theme of food for this week’s blog, I have selected this Iowa State milk carton as it represents a long history of producing dairy products at Iowa State. This milk carton would have been filled with milk during the 1960s, but the dairy program at Iowa State began much earlier than that. Iowa State started operating a creamery in the 1880s to provide a place to store and process milk and dairy products for the benefit of the students and staff of Iowa State. Any milk left over was processed into butter and sold to the neighborhood surrounding the school. Of course, in those days milk was not delivered in attractive paper cartons like this! In 2007 Iowa State renewed its support of the dairy industry in Iowa when it opened a new dairy farm south of campus. Although the days of Iowa State selling its own milk are long gone, you can still buy homemade ice cream from students in the Dairy Science Club as they carry on the tradition of preparing dairy products on the Iowa State campus.
One of the most fascinating food-related artifacts we have is a fat pot from Kenya. According to the catalog record, this pot was “used for collecting the fat from meat as a result of cooking or for cosmetic purposes by the natives of the Turkana-Tribe from Northern Kenya.” This doesn’t sound all that different from what we do in America today, in which we collect the drippings from meat to make gravy or broth. The pot is made of wood, twine, and leather, with a leather cap. I suppose this item intrigues me largely because we don’t have a lot of artifacts from around the world, and I don’t know of any other African artifacts in our collections. It’s associated with the Shirley Held Papers (RS 26/2/53). Held was a faculty member of what is now the College of Design.
The can is a gold color, with red and black lettering. There is an image of Cy holding a mug of beer in one hand, and a football in the other. On the can itself reads, in red lettering, “CYCLONE BEER.” Underneath the slogan, there is black lettering that reads, “Not associated with Iowa State University.” There is a makers mark that describes the nature of where the beer was brewed and canned. On the top of the can reads: “Iowa Refund, 5 c.” There is still liquid inside of the can.
This beer can, with an assortment of other materials, came to the archives from the Iowa State University Alumni Association.
This image is of a chocolate pot and two cups which carries the mark of Wheelock China, a large Midwestern importing firm which flourished from 1855 until the early 1920s. Wheelock is best known for their souvenir china, depicting local scenes and buildings and marketed to tourists. Most of their products were imported from Germany. These items are marked with the Wheelock Imperial Eagle stamp, which was used on china the company imported from Austria.
The chocolate pot belonged to Shirley Held, a member of Iowa State’s Art and Design faculty for more than thirty years. She received a B.S. in Home Economics Education from Iowa State in 1945. Following graduation, she taught home economics in several towns in northwest Iowa. She returned to graduate school at Iowa State, earning the M.S. in Home Economics-Applied Art in 1951. After a year teaching at Utah State College, she returned to Iowa State as a member of the Applied Art faculty, teaching design, lettering, weaving, and wood and metal crafts. Weaving was her true calling, and she was the author of Weaving: Handbook of the Fiber Crafts, which was published in 1973, with a second edition in 1978. Her pieces were exhibited both in Iowa and nationally, and she promoted the art of weaving through workshops and lectures. She received a faculty citation in 1979 in recognition of her long and outstanding service to the University. Active locally as a member of the Ames Choral Society and the Collegiate United Methodist Church Chancel Choir, she also participated in community theater, both acting and designing costumes for a number of productions. She retired from Iowa State in 1990, and passed away in 2014.
Artifacts in the Archives – Celebrating food!
Artifacts in the Archives – Our Most Thrilling Artifacts!
Today’s blog post is a collaborative blog post, from several Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA) staff, about the artifacts that give us the most thrills and chills. Some staff interpreted this as the spookiest artifact and some as the coolest most exciting artifact. Whatever the interpretation, here are the artifacts that give us the most chills and thrills.
I nominate the Quartz Fiber Balance (artifact number 2003-203.003) from the Harry J. Svec Papers (RS 13/6/53) as the most thrilling artifact in our collections. Why the thrill? This particular balance, created by Svec as the ISU chemistry department’s glassblower, was used in Ames as part of the Manhattan Project during World War II. The thought of the Manhattan Project always gives me mixed thrills and chills. Thrills from the thought of cutting-edge, top secret scientific research. Chills because of the purpose and ultimate conclusion of the Manhattan Project: atomic bombs, two of which were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing horrific numbers of people. And of course what that led to – the nuclear arms race of the Cold War and the proliferation of nuclear weapons around the world.
Also thrilling, though, is to think of the skill of an ISU graduate student who worked as a glassblower, creating by hand precise apparatus for chemical experiments. To quote from the item’s catalog record: “The balance mechanism inside is entirely quartz and balances on a thin quartz thread. This mechanism is very delicate and is sensitive to one-millionth of a gram. Up to one gram of material can be held on each end.” Very impressive indeed. See more about the Ames Project in the Ames Laboratory Records.
James Lorraine Geddes (1827-1887) led an adventurous life before his association with Iowa Agricultural College. Born in Scotland, he also lived in Canada and India before settling in the United States. In India, served in the Royal Horse Artillery of the British Army. In this capacity he distinguished himself in the ongoing Anglo-Afghan conflicts in Punjab and the Khyber Pass. He retired a Colonel in 1857 and moved to a farm in Iowa. This peaceful interval did not last long, however. He fought for the Union in the U.S. Civil War, beginning as a private and rising to the rank of Brevet Brigadier General (1865). After the war he returned to Vinton, Iowa. His many achievements in higher education were to follow (1867-1887).
His sword, therefore, makes me think of dire battles. Our information associates the year 1827 with the sword, which is puzzling – Geddes was born in that year.
We received this along with other WOI materials when the television station moved out of the Communications Building.
This was a prop from Gravesend Manor—a television program that aired late on Saturday nights on WOI-TV. They showed horror films with local staff doing introductions and intermissions. Some of the characters were Malcom the Butler (Ed Weiss), the Duke of Desmodus (James Varnum), Claude (Ron Scott) and Esmerelda (John Voight). My best recollections of the show are from slumber parties. It was generally enjoyed with pop and pizza—made from a kit that came in a box—and a lot of giggling.
From Rachel: Check out an earlier blog post about Gravesend Manor.
For the most thrilling artifact, I’ve picked metal shrapnel from World War I (2004-179.001 and .002). These pieces came from MS 666, the Fred O. Gordon Papers. Gordon fought in Europe in Battery F, 119th Field Artillery from 1918-1919 and was wounded in October 1918. The shrapnel pieces are thick, solid metal, and I can only imagine the sheer force of the explosion(s) that would’ve blown them apart. Not to mention the damage those pieces could have inflicted if they had hit someone. The act of seeing and holding authentic shrapnel from WWI makes the war and its horrors feel more real, and that’s definitely thrilling.
My most thrilling artifact is a piece of wood, birch bark. It was found near Margaret Hall in the summer of 1924. Hand written lettering on the piece of birch bark: “Tornado Souvenir June 28, 1924[.] From Tree near Margaret Hall I.S.C. Ames, Iowa.” I selected this item because I am new to the Midwest and have been a little fixated on weather, particularly weather conditions that may favor a tornado. I can’t imagine anything more thrilling and scarier than a tornado.
Hands down, Margaret Stanton’s death mask, for me, is our most macabre artifact. Popular through the nineteenth century, death masks were created as a commemoration or a way to create a portrait or sculpture of the dead. Death masks were usually made for people who were held in high esteem, which is a testimony of how beloved Margaret Stanton was to the Iowa State community. Although uncommon today, creating death masks, taking photographs of the dead lying in state, or weaving their hair into wreaths or jewelry were all ways that people honored the deceased in the past. With death far more removed from day-to-day, 21st-century American life, the death mask gets my vote as our creepiest, most macabre artifact.
Today’s post introduces a new blog series here in Special Collections and University Archives— Artifacts in the Archives. These will be a series of posts that include staff picks for different artifacts. This week’s post lists some of our favorites.
I might get judged for this, but… I have to go with Margaret Stanton’s death mask. It’s creepy, it’s a bit macabre, and it’s a fascinating artifact. It’s a piece of Victorian history – this was just one of many kinds of memento mori (items created to remember the dead) that were a popular custom in that era. From my understanding, death masks were never typical in the Midwest, so it’s especially interesting that this one was made here and that we have one at all.
My favorite artifact is Margaret MacDonald Stanton’s death mask. It gives us an opportunity to talk about two people who were here in the early days of the college, and who contributed to keeping the fledgling institution on the right track. Edgar was the first student to receive a diploma at Iowa State. He devoted his life to Iowa State, and was a member of the faculty until the day he died. His memorial to Margaret has become a major symbol of the university.
Because Margaret Hall, the first dormitory specifically for women, was named for Margaret Stanton, we can also talk about early student life, and the changes on Central Campus over the years. And there is the general creepiness factor, which can work into a discussion of past rituals surrounding death and mourning.
It’s fascinating how the math we now do digitally can be done mechanically. These are such ingenious devices. So much mileage out of a couple of interacting cylinders in a wooden frame. And of course, it’s cool looking!
My favorite artifact is the cylindrical slide rule (2009-R004). When most people think of slide rules, which I know doesn’t happen often anymore, it conjures up images of flat ruler-sized devices carried around in the pockets of 1950s college students. This cylindrical slide rule is definitely not pocket-sized! At 24 inches long and nearly 5 inches in diameter, I can’t imagine students toting one of these around campus all day. In this day of computers and smartphones we take for granted how much time and sweat was involved in solving complex equations 100 years ago. This device reduced the amount of hand calculations required to solve some of these difficult mathematical problems. The cylindrical slide rule is now a relic of the past, however I still find it fascinating to look at and wonder about its workings. Maybe someday I’ll actually take the time to learn how to use it. And by that I mean typing “cylindrical slide rule” into YouTube to see if there is a video that someone else has posted.
I like it because it’s a map and it’s not something you would typically expect to see represented on a globe. It would be something I’d love to have on display in my house if it wasn’t here.
For this post, I’m going to say that my favorite artifact is the Stuckslager hammer. The hammer was used to construct one of the first buildings here on campus, Old Main. We have just enough information on the hammer to give a person enough to start imagining all the activities, people, and sites the hammer saw during its lifetime – helping to bring me that much closer to the hustle and bustle which must have been part of the construction of the main building for the State Agricultural College and Model Farm (now Iowa State).
It’s seemingly a regular, common, everyday hammer of today, in look, feel, size and weight – which makes viewing the hammer both familiar and disconcerting. This particular hammer came to Ames in 1868, brought by Oliphant P. Stuckslager with the specific purpose to help build Old Main. We even know where Stuckslager and his family lived in Ames – further helping me to go back in time and imagine the life and times of the hammer during its quite active career, which is said to have continued until the death of its owner in 1908. We know as much information as we do about the hammer in part thanks to a senior research project done on the hammer. A summary of the student’s findings can be found on an earlier blog post.
I like the laundry mailer because it reminds me of when I was an undergraduate. Every weekend I returned home and my dad would do my laundry. Once I got my laundry done before I came home and he was disappointed! It’s also my favorite artifact because it reminds me that life was so different not too long ago. For one, students could fit an entire week’s worth of laundry into the mailer. It’s not very large. It is smaller than most carry-on luggage pieces today. I can’t imagine fitting a week’s worth of clothes in the mailer in the winter. I may be able to swing it for the summer, though, it would be a tight fit and it’s likely I’d have to wear some shorts or skirts more than once during the week. Students back then probably didn’t have a change of clothes for every day of the week. Also, I would guess that mostly mothers did the laundry. More research on the details of ISU students’ use of the laundry mailers needs to be done. Did both men and women use the laundry mailers, or did the women have laundry facilities in their dormitories? What years were the mailers in use here on campus?
This Flashback Friday post is about a table that Special Collections and University Archives received in 2008. The bulk of this Friday’s blog post is authored by Becky Jordan, Reference Specialist.
The table was received as a gift in 2008, and was thought to be part of the original furnishings of Morrill Hall. However, once Archives staff started to do research on the names and other writings on the back side of the table top, it was apparent that it predated the opening of Morrill Hall in July of 1895. It may have been in use as early as 1884.
There are three tic tac toe games.
Orris Roberts—younger brother of longtime faculty member Maria Roberts, he was expelled in 1892 for joining a fraternity after they had been banned by President Beardshear.
Grace Axtell—appears in the 1896 Bomb as a class member, but did not graduate.
She is listed in the Catalog as a freshman in the Ladies’ Course in 1893 and a Sophomore Special in 1894. She was the daughter of Charles P. and Harriett Adelaide (Ada) Miller Axtell. Her father was a partner in the firm of Ray & Axtell, a dry goods store on the west side of the square in Newton, Iowa. Grace married Alfred Herschel (Fred) Munn on October 21, 1897. Fred was a member of the class of 1894 but did not graduate. His family owned (and still does) the Munn Lumber Company in Ames. Their son, Hiram Axtell, was a member of the Class of 1922.
She is listed in the Catalog as a freshman in 1893 and a sophomore in 1894. Like Grace Axtell, she was from Newton. Her father, Ralph Robinson, was the editor of the Newton Journal. Her mother’s maiden name was Fannie Hamilton. Both parents were from Ohio. According to her father’s obituary, Daisee’s husband was Mark Evans.
She is listed in the Catalog as a freshman in 1891, a sophomore in 1894, and a junior in 1895 in the Ladies’ Course. She appears as a member of the class of 1896 in the 1896 Bomb. She is listed in 1895 Census in the Nevada 1st Ward with no occupation, age 20, and in the Ames 1st Ward as a student, age 20. She was the daughter of Charles and Tennetta Hamilton, with siblings Dora, Ethel, Loretta and Charles Jr. Both parents were from New York.
She married William C. Boardman, September 29, 1897.
Loretta was Louise Hamilton’s sister. We have no record of her as a student. She is listed in the 1895 Census in Nevada 1st Ward with no occupation, age 23 and in Ames 1st Ward as a bookkeeper, age 22. She married Benton Davis, June 27, 1900.
Cora May Thompson is listed in 1895 Census in the Nevada 1st Ward, occupation ?her (perhaps teacher), age 20. Her parents were F.D. and Abbie Thompson, and siblings were Kate, Sylvia, Clayton, and Olive. We have no record of her as a student. She married Charles S. Lincoln (Class of 1894) on September 15, 1898.
A member of the class of 1885, who did not graduate, Emma McCarthy was the daughter of Ames pioneer Daniel McCarthy and his wife Mary Ann Ross McCarthy. In the 1894 yearbook (published 1893), she is listed as Iowa State’s assistant librarian. She attended Iowa State for three semesters (1881-1882) then taught school in Story County for eight years. She then spent two years at the Ames Post Office, joining the Iowa State staff in 1892. She married Chaucer G. Lee (Class of 1894) on September 23, 1896. Lee practiced law with Daniel McCarthy and was the judge of Iowa’s 11th District for eight years. Emma’s name is very familiar in Ames, because her husband presented a park to the city bearing her name in 1949.
He is listed as an Electrical Engineering sophomore in 1893 and a “Special” junior in 1894, but did not graduate. He was from Nevada.
Edwin E. Smith was an 1893 graduate in Science. He is listed in Iowa State College Graduates as being from Sioux Rapids, Iowa, and deceased.
Listed as a “special” from Polk City in the 1894 Catalog and the 1895 Bomb, he did not graduate.
An 1894 graduate, Charles S. Lincoln was the son of James Rush Lincoln, Iowa State’s head of Military Science, 1883-1919. Charles Lincoln had a distinguished military career, enlisting in the U.S. Army in 1894 and retiring as a Brigadier General in 1936. He married Cora May Thompson (see above) on September 15, 1898.
Watson Mason is shown as a member of the Class of 1894 in the 1894 yearbook, but did not actually graduate until 1896. His degree was in Mechanical Engineering, and he is noted as deceased in the 1912 engineering directory. His hometown was Toledo, Iowa.
Until 1925, Iowa State’s yearbook The Bomb was published by the junior class and called by their class year. Thus, the 1895 Bomb actually came out in 1894. The last year this was done was 1924. Then the yearbook staff was opened to all classes and the book was dated with the year it was actually published. (This is also why there are two 1925 yearbooks).
The “Ladies’ Course” was a basic course of college study which included Domestic Economy. For example, the first term of the sophomore year included Domestic Economy, German or Latin, History, One Essay, and the choice of two sciences from Botany, Horticulture, Physics or Trigonometry. The degree received was the B.L. or Bachelor of Letters.
“Any person of mature age and good moral character, who desires to pursue studies in any department of instruction of the College, and who is not a candidate for a degree, will, upon application to the president, be admitted on the following conditions: (1). He must meet the requirements for admission to the freshman class, and pass such special examinations as the professor in charge of the department selected shall deem essential to a profitable pursuit of the work. (2). He shall confine his work strictly to the line of study chosen at the time of admission, and shall take enough class work, laboratory and other practice equivalent to work required of regularly classified students. (3). He shall submit to the same requirements in daily recitations and in examinations, with students in the regular courses. | 2019-04-26T14:27:36Z | https://isuspecialcollections.wordpress.com/tag/artifacts/ |
M6 caged nuts (x4), M6 x 16 mm screw (x4) and black plastic cup washer (x4).
UNIMET 19" 2Ux11.02" Modern high quality 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with highly attractive front bezel and fabricated case body. Removable base and rear panels for easy access. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panel separately.
UNIMET 19" 2Ux14.96" Modern high quality 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with highly attractive front bezel and fabricated case body. Removable base and rear panels for easy access. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panel separately.
UNIMET 19" 3Ux11.02" Modern high quality 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with highly attractive front bezel and fabricated case body. Removable base and rear panels for easy access. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panel separately.
UNIMET 19" 3Ux14.96" Modern high quality 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with highly attractive front bezel and fabricated case body. Removable base and rear panels for easy access. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panel separately.
METTEC 19" 1Ux6.59" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminium design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 1Ux10.35" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminium design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 1Ux14.46" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminium design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 2Ux6.59" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 2Ux10.35" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 2Ux14.46" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 3Ux6.59" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 3Ux10.35" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
METTEC 19" 3Ux14.46" Modern and robust 19" rack case with integrated 'comfort handles'. All aluminum design with attractive die cast front bezel, extruded side panels with internal PCB/chassis guide rails, rear panel and flat top and base panel. Open front panel aperture means the case does not have to be removed from the rack in order to access the electronics. Base panel is punched to accept accessory tilt feet. Order front panels separately.
INSTRUMET 10.5" 3Ux13.78" Stylish 10.5" instrument case for mounting 3U subracks, chassis or front panels. Desktop version with ABS sides handles. Robust design with two die cast front bezels and fabricated case body. The base panel and rear panel are ventilated. Internal chassis runners support the equipment. Supplied with pre-fitted with ABS tilt feet.
INSTRUMET 10.5" 3Ux13.78" Stylish 10.5" instrument case for mounting 3U subracks, chassis or front panels. Portable version with metal handle/bail arm. Robust design with two die cast front bezels and fabricated case body. The base panel and rear panel are ventilated. Internal chassis runners support the equipment. Supplied with pre-fitted with ABS tilt feet.
COMBIMET T 19" 2Ux14.37" Modern open top 19" rack case in aluminum with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The ventilated one-piece case body has angled side panels and a short rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET T 19" 3Ux14.37" Modern open top 19" rack case in aluminum with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The ventilated one-piece case body has angled side panels and a short rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 1Ux10.43" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 1Ux10.43" Modern aluminium 19" rack case with an anodised front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 1Ux10.43" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
Supply 19" front panel, ventilated top panel, ventilated base panel, 2 side panels, 2 handle extrusions, fixing screws. Supplied fully assembled.
COMBIMET 19" 1Ux14.37" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 1Ux14.37" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 1Ux24" Modern aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
Supply 19" front panel, top panel, base panel, side panel (x2), rear panel, handle extrusion (x2), M4 x 16 mm (x4), M3 x 8 mm (x22), M3 x 8 mm (x6). Supplied fully assembled.
COMBIMET 19" 1Ux24" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 2Ux10.43" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 2Ux10.43" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 2Ux14.37" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 2Ux14.37" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 2Ux24" Modern aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 2Ux24" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 3Ux10.43" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 3Ux10.43" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 3Ux14.37" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 3Ux14.37" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 3Ux24" Modern aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 3Ux24" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 4Ux10.43" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 4Ux10.43" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 4Ux14.37" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 4Ux14.37" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 4Ux24" Modern aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 4Ux24" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 5Ux10.43" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 5Ux14.37" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 5Ux24" Modern aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 5Ux24" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 6Ux10.43" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 6Ux10.43" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 6Ux14.37" Modern aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 6Ux14.37" Modern ventilated aluminum 19" rack case with an anodized front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
COMBIMET 19" 6Ux24" Modern aluminum 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity.
Supply 19" front panel, top panel, base panel, side panel (x2), rear panel, handle extrusion (x2), M4 x 16 mm (x6), M3 x 8 mm (x22), M3 x 8 mm (x6). Supplied fully assembled.
COMBIMET 19" 6Ux24" Modern ventilated aluminium 19" rack case, 24" deep, with a painted black front panel and two ergonomic front panel handles. The case body consists of two side panels with removable top, base and rear panel. The base is pre-punched for fitting PCB mounting pillars or the accessory internal mounting plate. All parts are provided with M4 earth studs for electrical continuity. | 2019-04-23T16:32:38Z | https://www.metcaseusa.com/en/19-Front-Panels/M5900016.htm?ref=416b8270-69b5-11e5-ab58-bc764e20b40e |
Margaret Seguna & Shaun Galea were both declared 2019 National Duathlon Championships in an exciting race organised by Triathlon Malta and supported by Eurosport Malta. Seguna made it three in a row as she once again defended her National Duathlon Championship Title which she won in 2017 and 2018, while Shaun Galea added this title to his already distinctive array of National Titles.
Triathlon Malta made use of the newly tarmacked roads around the ex-military runway at Siggiewi for the cycling circuit while the runs were along the scenic roads in the Ghar Lapsi and Tal-Providenza areas. From the very first seconds of the race, Galea of Pembroke Atleta Triathlon & Athletics club, immediately went in front of the pack to set the pace and cover the 6500m on the challenging route with a comfortable lead of 40 seconds over club-mate Darrel Schembri who has been featuring in the top groups in the past handful of races. The short bike course lapped 10 times, together with the drafting format of the race gave way to exciting and attacking cycling. In fact a group of 5 male cyclists managed to challenge Galea and register a faster time than his, including Josef Bonavia who recorded the fastest bike segment. In the second run and final segment of the race, Schembri managed to obtain the best time but Galea held comfortably to the lead and won the race in a time of 1 hour, 8 minutes and 21 seconds. Coming in second place with a 90 seconds difference was TriGozo’s Michael Bongailas, with Mosta Tri Team's Bernard Sant trailing him with just 10 seconds away.
The female race was completely dominated by Mosta Tri Team’s new signing, Margaret Seguna who took off immediately and registered a staggering 3 minute lead at the end of the Run 1. In second place, Lara Buttigieg fought hard on the bike and managed to pull off half of Seguna’s lead. But it was again in the run that Seguna left no chance for her competitors as she went on to take the third Duathlon Championship in as many years in a total time of 1 hour 17 minutes and 47 seconds. Buttigieg held on to the second place while Anjelika Ruggier who had strong runs but a rather problematic bike segment had to settle for third place overall.
In the Age Group Categories, Debora Desira & Malcolm Vassallo won the Under 20 while Darrel Schembri the Over 20 categories. The Over 30 titles were claimed by Maureen Farrugia and Josef Bonavia, while the Over 40 winners were Marlon Mallia and Miriam Borg Saydon. Suzanne Farrugia and Brian Magri took the Over 50 award while Victor Calvagna won the Over 60 title.
Immediately after the race, Seguna expressed her satisfaction for her race. ‘I felt strong and in control all throughout the race but I also managed to enjoy every part of the challenging but beautiful course especially during the run. I am very grateful to the Malta Triathlon Federation for putting up this race and to SportMalta for the FlexiTraining Scheme. I am also very appreciative for the managers at the Intensive Therapy Unit were I work for their constant support and understanding. Now I can focus on my most important race at the European Championships in the Netherlands and the rest of the triathlon season in Malta’ said Seguna. Echoing the same feeling, Shaun Galea was ecstatic as he stated that ‘Winning this National Championship has a very important meaning to me as it was the first time that I won this title and redeemed myself after last year’s performance. I approached this race with an aggressive attitude from start to finish as I wanted to test my fitness for the season ahead. It gave me a great morale boost for the upcoming races especially in view of my main competition this year for the European Triathlon Championship with the support of the Malta Triathlon Federation and the Maltese Olympic Committee’ said a radiant Galea.
Triathlon Malta also organised 4 youth races immediately after so as to continue to develop local youth triathlon. These races were attended by a record breaking 50 budding triathletes between 6 and 16 years of age mainly coming from the MYTA-Malta Youth Triathlon Academy and TriGozo. In the Juniors Category 4, it was Pia Zammit and Pavel Dalli who took the honours, while Kai Azzopardi and Kayleigh Abela won the Youth Category 3 races. In the Minors Category 2 it was Paul Camilleri and Julienne Woods who finished first and Aiden Muscat and Miyah Vella won the Cadets Category 1 races.
The local multisport calendar now continues with other races in the coming months with the Federation’s other two national championships for Aquathlon taking place on the 29th of June and the Triathlon Grand Finale on the 13th of October.
While Triathlon Malta's development has grown steadily in the past years, there was an area which somehow lacked proper investment and growth in this programme. This is the Technical aspect especially when it comes to Technical Officials and multisport Race Organisers credentials.
For this reason, in the last weeks, Triathlon Malta came together with the International Triathlon Union and the Development Committee of the European Triathlon Union to fill this gap.
Triathlon Malta is very excited to announced that it will hold the first ever International Triathlon Union MALTA TECHNICAL OFFICIALS & EVENT ORGANIZERS COMMUNITY SEMINAR here in Malta in June.
This officially accredited seminar will be organised on the span of two full days (approx. 9am to 6pm) : Friday 7 June (public holiday) and Saturday 8 June, with the practically officiating of the first race of the Birkirkara St Joseph Sports Club - Triathlon Section Sprint Triathlon Series.
The facilitator of this Seminar is Mr Paul Groves who is one of the most experienced Technical Delegates in the ITU and ETU Circuit, and who also happens to be the ETU Media coordinator, apart from a huge supporter of Triathlon Malta!
All those who organise Multisport Races in Malta, as well as those who help as marshals and officials during such races are encouraged to attend and become a Certified and Licenced Technical Official. Moreover, some slots will be reserved for those who would like to get involved in TriathlonTechnical Officiating.
Following this Seminar, Triathlon Malta will be licencing Technical Officials and create opportunities for them to progress into higher levels of ITU Certifications in the near future.
Let's take Triathlon Races in Malta to a new Level, Together!
This Seminar is Certified by the International Triathlon Union, through the Development Programme of the European Triathlon Union and coordinated by Triathlon Malta.
The Malta Triathlon Federation is launching its membership & Licence Form for the 2019 season. All athletes who will be taking part in the race organised and sanctioned by the Federation are requested to have a fully paid licence.
Those athletes who will apply and pay for the licence before the end of the year 2018, shall benefit from a 20% discount in comparison to last year's fee.
Triathlon Malta urges all its members and athletes as well as those who are planning to take part in multisport races during 2019 to apply immediately for the licence. Application can be done either individually or through one of the affiliated clubs. Being a member of one of the affiliated clubs brings along various benefits, one of which is a discount on the licencing fee.
For every triathlete who venture into long-distance triathlon, there is one race above all the others where one aspires to arrive and which will be forever marked as the pinnacle in one’s sporting career : the Ironman World Championships held in Kona, Hawaii every year in October on the standard Ironman distance of 3.8KM swim, 180KM cycle and 42.2KM run. For Maltese triathletes, this holy grail of long-distance triathlon was always elusive, until Dermot Galea managed to qualify in 2013 and then followed by David Galea who got his ticket for Kona in 2016.
2018 was again a year where the Maltese flag hung proudly at the World Championships, this year carried by the Birkirkara St. Joseph SC’s athlete, Rudolph Agius. Agius entered the triathlon community almost by mistake a decade ago, when he started attending local triathlon races to support members of his family and take photographs of the local athletes. Soon enough he got the triathlon addiction and he started to compete locally where he instantly set himself as one of Maltese’s topmost triathletes on all the distances. However, his predilection for endurance races was immediately clear as he worked his way to become the Malta National Long-Distance Triathlon Champion in both 2016 and 2017.
Agius also started to venture into international events as well as he took part in four Ironman 70.3 races (which are raced on half the distances) and also seven full Iron-distance races. Last year, in 2017, he qualified for the Ironman 70.3 World Championships which were held in Australia. This success continued to fuel his passion and determination and this year he focused on the Ironman distance and his excellent performance in the Ironman European Championship in Frankfurt finally earned him the coveted ticket for Kona.
The island of Hawaii is notorious for its harsh meteorological conditions and this year was no exception. This year, very strong winds and heavy rains hit the island in the week before the race, but Agius was determined to outplay the odds and finish the race to become just the third Maltese to conquer Kona. Agius got out of the swim after 1 hour, 3 minutes and 50 seconds, while he covered the cycling segment of 180KM in a time of 5 hours, 6 minutes and 24 seconds. In the marathon run, Agius had to endure fatigue and he finished it in a time of 4 hours, 26 minutes and 21 seconds to conclude the race in a total time of 10 hours, 45 minutes and 58 seconds.
Reached immediately after the race, Agius stated that ‘I feel I had a good race and I am very happy with my result. I was very satisfied with the swim and also with the bike segment where I felt strong throughout. The weather conditions were very challenging and this had its toil on me especially in the run on a hilly route and with very humidity of more than 75%. I had to slow down my pace as otherwise I might have compromised finishing the race, especially in the last 10KM where I had to endure loads of cramps and muscle fatigue. My plan of finishing the marathon in three and a half hours had to change and I settled for a slower paces which finally saw me finishing this dream of a race. I am extremely happy to have had this chance as it was the best racing experience ever to be part of Kona and its electrifying atmosphere and to be amongst the top triathletes in the world.
This experience was made possible for me with the support of my family and friends and my sponsors Attard Bros, Pfanner Malta, Big Mat Malta, Garmin Malta and The Cyclist. I am also extremely grateful to the support by SportMalta, my triathlon club Birkirkara St. Joseph and the Malta Triathlon Federation’.
Following weeks of coordination and a meeting held yesterday, Triathlon Malta, with the support of the MYTA - Malta Youth Triathlon Academy is pleased to announce that Super League Triathlon have entrusted us with the race management of the Aquathlon to be held on Saturday in conjunction with the Super League races.
Races will be held between 11:00am and 12:30am on Saturday, at Birgu.
Registration is online on https://endurancecui.active.com/new/events/56708251/select-race?fbclid=IwAR1na6h1yEddZCcoP9BgvC8wDgc_QaNj6tl44MzDzLCAeRuR2xrnz5suaIQ&rf=d9b98fae593c43749f7681dd375d4e0d&_p=3439277260902691 and costs 10Euro plus 1.60Euro of processing fee.
Shaun Galea clinched the National Title for the first time while Hannah Pace defended last year’s title in spectacular fashion under torrential rain on the Coast Road in what proved to be a highly exciting race at the Garmin National Malta Triathlon Championship – the 33rd edition of these championships organised by the Malta Triathlon Federation.
The weather forecast got it all right as all the elements came together in full force to render the already difficult race into a truly mental and physical challenge.
In the Male race, a new champion was going to be crowned since none of the previous title-holders were present on the starting list. From the very few metres of the swim, it was Pembroke Atleta & Triathlon's Shaun Galea and Mosta Tri Team's Bernard Sant who took the lead and covered the 1500m sea-swim in exactly 23 minutes. However, during the cycling segment on wet roads and under pelting rain, it was Mosta Tri Team’s Wayne Spiteri who logged the fastest bike section by covering the 40KM course in 1 hour, 4 minutes and 35 seconds. In the final 10KM run, Jesrit Angel Camilleri of Birkirkara St. Joseph established the best time in 38 minutes 9 seconds. Spiteri kept putting pressure on the leader, but ultimately it was Shaun Galea who won the title in a total time of 2 hours 11 minutes and 32 seconds. Spiteri finished in second place just 8 seconds after Galea while Bernard Sant took home the third place.
In the Female race, Pembroke Atleta and Triathlon’s Hannah Pace build a strong buffer behind her in the swimming section, where she was out of the water in second place overall. Her strong racing saw here registering the best female cycling segment where she covered the 40KM stretch in 1 hour 6 minutes and 46 seconds. Behind her, the duo made up of Mellieha A.C.’s Margaret Seguna and Agones SFC’s Danica Bonello Spiteri kept the same pace and exchanged second place on various occasions. However, Seguna was stronger on the run and was second overall as she build up a four minute advantage on Bonello Spiteri who was third on the podium. Pace went undisturbed to conquer her third consecutive National title in a time of just under 2 hours 16 minutes.
In the Age Groups, Darrel Schembri & Anjelika Ruggier were first in the 20-24 categories, Lara Buttigieg and Jesrit Angel Camilleri took the 25-29 section, Michael Bongailas and Juliya Azzopardi Mazur claimed the 30-34 group while the 40-44 category was topped by Karen Amato and Matthew Mirabelli. Josef Bonavia, Kevin Muscat, Joseph Cremona, Victor Calvagna and the Australian Ian King won the Males age categories between 35 and 75 years of age.
In the ancillary Sprint distance race, both male and female races were dominated by youngsters as Under 20s Nikol Micallef of Mosta Tri Team and Debora Desira of the MYTA – Malta Youth Triathlon Academy won the race. Micallef set up a lead of over 2 minutes in the swimming segment which held off team-mate Marlon Mallia notwithstanding the latter recording the fastest bike & run segments to finish off in second place. Micallef won the race in a time of 1 hour 10 minutes and 26 seconds, while Irish Paul Callalan took third place.
In the female race, Desira conquered fastest time splits in both swimming, cycling and running segments and she won in a time of 1 hour 28 seconds and 36 minutes. Behind her, Agones SFC’s Elaine Fenech was second while British Pam Batchelor was third overall.
In the Relay Sprint Race, it was the 24/7 Fitness Club's team who won the competition, with Luke Camilleri Cuschieri doing the swimming, Mark Lewis as a cyclist and Ryan Theuma finishing the 5KM run.
In his comments soon after the awards presentation, Triathlon Malta’s President Cyprian Dalli stated that ‘today we had to put up our best performance to out-stand the adverse weather conditions and deliver a race which was safe, fun and exciting. I am very glad that we succeeded. This was all thanks to our team of dedicated volunteers who ensure a smooth-running event, our team of race-preparation team and everyone who was involved in these championships. This would not have been possible without the priceless support of our main sponsors, Garmin Malta and Medcomms Ltd – authorised distributors of Garmin with whom we worked hand in hand all through this year to deliver this race today. As a president of this Federation, I really stood in awe of our athletes who today braved the elements and manage to finish the race safely and with exceptional performances’.
The Malta Triathlon Federation expressed its gratitude to Birkirkara St. Joseph Sports Club, the Malta Police Force especially the Traffic Section, Transport Malta, the Naxxar Local Council, the Malta Red Cross, the Farsons Group, Saracino’s Caterers and the Malta Bike Marshals who made the event possible.
A record number of 50 starters took part in this year’s Malta Youth Triathlon Series, organised by the Malta Triathlon Federation and supported by 24/7 Fitness Club. The series consists of five races (three triathlons, a duathlon and an aquathlon) which were held on the same course and date as the Senior events. By so doing, Triathlon Malta seeks to actively provide safe and challenging multisport events to young triathletes in order to ease their introduction into the senior events once they come of age.
The participants whose age ranged from 5 to 16, were divided into four different categories according to their date of birth, and the race distances were adjusted accordingly.
In the youngest group, Alex Spiteri Fiteni and Julia Schembri of the topped the category after winning each race on the calendar. Paula Scerri & Tyler Grima were placed in second while Amy St. John and Neil Cassar finished in the third overall position.
In Category B, which gathered athletes between 9 and 11 years, Michael Xuereb and Chylen Fava finished joint first place in the boys, while Kayleigh Abela made it on top in the girls’ category and Julienne Woods finished second. Shannen Mallia and Max Spiteri Fiteni were third in this category.
Keira Attard and Kai Azzopardi were top female and male in Category C for athletes between 12 and 13 years after winning all races in the series. Luca Vella was second overall while Fabian Grech Manz was third in the overall ranking.
Category 4, with youths of between 14 and 15 was very hotly contested and finally it was Callie Hock and Thomas G. Woods who won the group standings. In second place came Emilia Vella and Pavel Dalli, while Gabriel Bongailas and Pia Zammit were third in this group, which is the stepping stone towards adult triathlon races.
In his statement, Cyprian Dalli, President of Triathlon Malta said that ‘it is so encouraging seeing youth triathlon so thriving in Malta! We started this as an experiment some years ago and this is the second year running we are holding the Malta Youth Triathlon Series. I would like to express all our gratitude to the Malta Youth Triathlon Academy-MYTA and the newly-formed TriGozo team for investing so heavily in youth triathlon as well as SportMalta who believed and supported our project from the very beginning. We are hugely indebted to 24/7 Fitness Club who supported us and made this year’s series so exciting. Finally, heartfelt appreciation to the parents who voluntary help and officiate at our races’.
In the past days, the Malta Youth Triathlon Academy–MYTA held a very successful international training camp for its athletes in Slovenia. The camp, which was held between the 1st and the 10th of September, was based in the beautiful alpine surroundings of Kranjska Gora. A total of 26 Maltese young triathletes between the ages of 6 to 16 attended this camp, under the supervision of 4 MYTA triathlon coaches and coordinated by Triathlon Malta’s president.
Apart from the contingent of athletes and coaches, parents also joined the training camp and had time to come together to explore the mountainous regions. The social programme made sure that the athletes and parents visited the most iconic parts of Slovenia - like the lakes of Bled and Bohinj, the Julian Alps, the caves in Postojna and the capital city of Ljubljana. Thus the contingent also had time to blend in the georgraphical and cultural side of the hosting country.
The coordinator of this camp, Cyprian Dalli was very satisfied with the outcome and stated that ‘this there was loads of planning and discussion to organise such a full-blown training camp, but we finally reached our goals. This was mainly thanks to the encouragement and funding from Sport Malta, who are partners with us, along with the European Triathlon Union in this project. It is fantastic seeing the young athletes facing so encouragingly the different scenarios they were offered, and perfecting their triathlon skills through fun and enthusiasm, while stenghtening their friendship and team-spirit in the process.
The MYTA has been operating since 2013 and is a joint venture between the Malta Triathlon Federation, SportMalta, and European Triathlon Union. It currently has more than 50 young triathletes of ages between 6 and 16 who train regularly all year round even if they never did triathlon before. Any interested children and youths can contact the MYTA on [email protected] and a couple of free taster sessions can be arranged for any young athlete interested to join. | 2019-04-23T02:38:18Z | https://www.triathlonmalta.org/ |
To manage occasion allocation letters carefully you have to find any on-line templates or samples. An occasion snowball template can be a record which may be utilised to serve the purpose because some other investment document that is normal. You can find many sorts of property ask templates readily available via the web. Sponsorship proposal format will assist in making the request letter at a way.
When you have a goal, it ought to be easy you just consider the measures that are significant to be ahead of this bunch. You have to have a targets. Your principal aim is always to supply sufficient explanations for the reason you deserve a 28, when producing a sponsorship suggestion, it is very important to stay in your mind.
The procedure can be quite intimidating. It is the toughest percentage of the property clinic. Choose a subject that you’ve learned by means of your confirmation preparation.
You have must make certain you recognize everything it is you’re searching for when creating a property suggestion. There’s one additional answer, however, and that’s to write a sponsorship suggestion. Your allocation proposition should provide sponsorship levels to prospective private and corporate sponsors, therefore they can pick on the degree of payoff that suits their budget and level of interestrates. Developing an excellent content could possibly be job. The sponsorship proposals that are standard are throughout sporting occasions and business suggestion. Make sure the rule, Whenever you are aiming to help make the ideal sponsorship proposal.
The letter is the only real way by which you may outwit the rest of the applicants. Be reminded that may or may possibly not have seen you in person. Sponsorship suggestion letters need to be well written. Celebration sponsorship proposal letter should comprise a few things you ought to comprehend. It’s necessary for you to compile the paperwork that are crucial, like an Event Planner kind before you commence drafting your proposition. Composing a suggestion may be an important job. Distinct entities predicated onA the form of occasion can produce An business event proposal you’ve got on the job.
Wait for contributions. The host should have the option to either devote money right to the bride or donate services. Your sponsors are going to have their needs met in addition to the bundles take into consideration efficiency indexes and their organization goals. In order be able to compose occasion sponsorship proposals, you ought to be mindful with correspondence producing approach for the patrons that are prospective. Event sponsorship is sort of market approach attained by businesses. Explain that you’re getting so are currently seeking sponsorship to pay for the expense and married. Getting personal in your business proposition letters can be a method.
Events are planned and desired. This occasion can be actually a landmark and ought. If we are reduced on our financing Maintaining a event might be described as a touch much for several us specially. Events such as sports and charity need a lot of money to become utilized in lots of tactics.
Measure the type of function wherever your solutions have been required and align. Generating a successful exemptions suggestion ought to be unquestionably the main facet to look at if you would like to purchase your business sponsored. Although generally in many cases, a part of the marketing application of the corporation will be to sponsor an occasion, but it really is even now a prerogative to write an appealing proposal. Make certain you’re selecting the perfect companion for the event. Estimate the value of social networking exposure your brand receives as a consequence of the sponsorship. The assortment of times people will be vulnerable to your own new to get a effect of the exemptions and gauge how much you would ordinarily spend to accomplish similar numbers with your marketing and marketing methods.
Once it will likely be downloaded, it is possible to make changes init in accordance. Limit the quantity of money you’re needing of whether or not it really is regarded. Explain the form of sponsorship you’re needing of. Looking for a host might become a contest among event hosts. In a variety of ways, attempting to discover an company or event host will be a lot like looking for the employment. One among the methods that are best to cover the charges of the wedding is to receive it sponsored by loved ones as well as close friends. So you’ll get yourself a belief of what statements ought to be included to please the patrons, See our Sample function Forms.
You can find several different types of conditions. It might be handy to spell out the provisions for expenditures even though you aren’t anticipating any. If you are a company proprietoryou must build. The landlord could use the letter against you personally as a portion of the flooding strategy. You have to include the fundamental terms on the debt assumption letter that causes it to be clear to all parties what you intend to do.
Consequently there isn’t any confusion within the speech at the correspondence you also might opt to take into account typing the letter. You ought to do it, although it isn’t compulsary that you introduce your landlord a letter on paper telling him that the rent will be overdue. Payment announcements will also be referred to as check ups. They are an equally significant part tackling payroll. Keep a listing of this amount you paid with your charge card statement.
You will probably be told into the charge card payment page. Many charge payment internet sites provide you having the equilibrium an option to pay for the amount due or perhaps a certain sum, which you find it possible to input. Mail the payment, when you have set up your account information. Provide put instructions on how you’re handle checks and control cards. In the event the credit history check gets the client appear to be risky, question to get paid upfront in money.
Publish a check in the sum you’re very likely buy or to pay a money purchase to pay for the money. When cost must be produced, to shield finances, a day decide on, like Mondays. Now enter the knowledge, like credit card number and press .
When a invoice is legal is dependent on several factors, thus it’s vital that they each wind up at the right location. No cost can possibly be produced from a test. Describe the way the debtor is very probably going to make payments as well as the sum of every single and every repayment. To stop problems in the first place, set ground rules for the payment has to be manufactured and also adhere with them. Don’t confine the kinds of cost you take in to the conventional ones. If you want to submit your payment on line by check select the check choice. Additionally, it might be extremely alluring in the event you end up missing your statement, to earn a payment, or no payment whatsoever or without a postage when it is the time to trade your charge card.
Nearly all banks, lenders along with payment internet websites that are internet ensure it is easy that you pay your invoices utilising the possibility. If you’re prepared to suppose the other’s loan, you’re saying that you’re prepared to keep up payments with this mortgage until it’s paid . A loan is likewise an option you will get even when you have bad creditscore. The lender must inform the borrower that the assumption has occurred, and normally the terms are only precisely exactly the same. It is currently looking to find you just started to fight with your mortgage repayment about enough time your revenue was paid off. Lenders give you a verification number that indicates a payment that is thriving, after building an internet payment.
Have your credit card ready when you must deliver the system the info from the card, as an example, charge card number, expiration date and security code on the rear of your credit card. Luckily, for people with a niche creditcard you have a good deal of possibilities out there to you to help to get your instalments . You will need to demo your identification card and make your cost through check or cash.
Find out the client yourself if you should be self-employed. In the event the client is the perfect method to de-fuse the circumstance is to take the very best part out of this. Most clients pay to the products and products and services which you receive, but should you remain in operation long you’ll come off. Not many clients wish to have intouch with you at the specific same way, so of accomplishing your own company that the further options you give individuals, the more opportunities you will have. In the event the purchaser is just one you want to maintain and will be worth trying to keep, utilizing this kind of intermediary will permit it to become simpler to keep up a great partnership soon after the invoices get paidoff. Possess a great offer of selections on how to make the payment. Verizon mobile service exists in most areas of the country.
Look into your options to get what you are looking for. Payment Alternatives This really is the place you’re in a position to outline the manner you would like to simply accept cost (for example, checks or income ) and when payment needs to be made. You may want to get started looking at alternatives that are several to pay for your hire, like a inadequate credit , a cash advance or an free credit personal loan. There really are a couple unique options.
You also could need to erase painful and sensitive information including a Social Security amount. The next time you occur across a site that you just enjoy the design, you are able to just save it just like an HTML file, then utilize it. The way of locating a website is to ask friends and family about it. Pick and then manually draw on it. You have to add extra pages following the 1 that is original. Adding webpages with text messages on every webpage each may help save you a fantastic deal of time from incorporating the written text box to every page. Employ the links beneath if you’d really like to find out.
The PDF file type has been a format for submitting material. The fdf data document is made. It’s potential to double any place from the record for entering the area to automatically set the cursor. It needs to stay glued into a typical As you may not format a formal record in casual manner. Not merely is it that the ability certification an doc it communicates the simplest work ethics after it concerns that the closing measures of an individual using a particular organization and advantages of the individual to his future companies. A fdf data file can be made by you, if you own Adobe applications and a pdf file. PDFs allow the transformation of a selection of file formats which would keep to maintain the font style, color and images the applications used to produce it.
There are lots of things to consider when picking a template to make an Ezine like size (quantity of webpages, margins, headings, subheadings, and so on ) and simply how much place you would like for graphics and graphics. Additional templates are all offered through the Office Community site. You might find an decent group of invitation templates atdo-it-yourself-invitations.
Opt for the kind of file file you want to store since the own template. You own an example template and also a notion of it, you’ll maintain a posture to create one in accordance with your requirements. It’s far better to generate the template initially and then it will be potential to reuse the template. Among these websites you’ll be in a position to track down Inkscape business card templates that might assist you to generate the image you have to market your own organization your self, and your goods as well as remedies.
In any case , the procedure may function exactly the exact same. It is important that you simply employ it diligently so all your endeavors are finished punctually. It will be possible to easily rely on her in order to complete the actions assigned to her properly in a deadline, and using solutions also. You are able to also categorize the activities that ought to be done to the lands of your residence’s rooms. Hence, you’d be in a situation to accomplish tasks inside the period limitation that is specified. The tool permits one to insert shapes and images which will improve the overall look of your kind. The operation of word extends beyond that, but also can assist you to earn stuff.
You have the capability to coordinate with the background coloring of one’s PDFwhitened, or maybe you select a color to earn the redaction be noticeable, such as for instance black. Leave any one of these images you prefer touse. The film will appear from the template.
An dialogue box appears asking for the kind of advice the signer has to leave to finish the email signature, like their email address along with title. If you would like insert one text box on every page, then simply click within the tiny circle in the front of Insert one text box. Delete any logos or clipart that you never need to seem to the inside of the table . This can help you sail via a complicated period tide.
It’s a lot more applications while lots of folks utilize Word to get simple tasks such as writing letters. Understand that you are supposed to write a letter, not an essay. The exact very same arrangement is followed by an adventure letter to get a certification and serves exactly the exact same function. Be sure to clearly specify the basis for being absent, therefore your circumstance is known of by that the recipient of this letter. There is An example letter offered in the content under. It’s also helpful in case someone who has understood the suspect for a certain time writes the correspondence. If you’d like to use there, you need to write a program letter into the university.
Certification samples could possibly be located around the web, as well as publicly available advice, it wouldn’t be really difficult to make” such a certification. In the event that you would like a photo, look at purchasing one on still another internet site or eBay attempting to sell photos. Magazines possess this problem.
In the event the gift features a validity subsequently don’t forget to mention. Recognition app and A benefit does not will need to be complicated or expensive to work. Outstanding success that is todayas could look like nothing whatsoever at all just about any manner in a week. Sharing your capabilities can be actually a issue that is remarkable. Not all of us have the capacity of templates from scratch. It needs just a little creativity.
Creating a gift certificate is actually really a. The aforementioned template is ideal to be utilized in the formal setting and is both appropriate. Perhaps not merely is it the ability certificate an vitally important document once it regards the closing measures of an person using a specific company, it communicates the simplest work integrity and advantages of this man or woman to his future employers. This certification includes a pro-forma that may be molded based on this convention of a particular company. Make certain the level has been entered on the certificate. It is likely to personalize the above mentioned certifications depending on specifications and your requirements.
Simply since they have moved many instances TVI communicate has lots of difficulties using individuality, plus they appear to do business underneath names. It ergo far don’t have any discuss this issue. When you get an autograph during the mail, have time since I’ve clarified in a preceding section and energy for you to do a bit very simple research. Make certain you’re sending your petition to an tackle that is suitable. Present notes are now common therefore a certification would be a pleasure along with distinguishing and one-of-a-kind notion. It functions like a reminder to allow your client.
In all honesty, even in the event you’ve retained your guarantee and also provided worth it can be complicated to have people to rekindle. This really is lifetime for almost all people in real everyday life. I haven’t had children. Whatever rules you pick to for kid or the son, ensure that to publish them down! My kid, by way of example, loves soccer, plus it’s performed for a number of years, but there is not a time if he would obtain the following foot-ball or soccer boots that were new. You may gift a certificate to your best friend together with a talent you’ve acquired for him or her. At the event of income voucher, make sure that you have place the name of the appropriate personal.
1 wall within the firm has got the images of all employees who have worked over five years. Once you’ve got a membership foundation that is amazing and Help it become easy to devote your subscription application, concentrate on strengthening your loved ones to keep them from your app. Just considering the aim of the two of these systems, you understand what’s led to things.
Spend the test and see if your organization requires a subscription application. Maybe not each and just about every membership program has to be multi-level including those from the cases however they need to provide a distinctive set of advantages that aren’t readily available to customers that are routine. The disability savings strategy may be the idea at which the govt extends to a pension to you, it is the the first of its’ type in the universe that is entire. First things first, you want to pick a budget.
Regardless of whether you’ve just begun your company or are trying to improve the number of clientele, the ideas discussed from this article will aid you. The Sony Corporation is famed for the capability to generate and produce products that are advanced and new. Truly, businesses are based to assist organizations to keep a higher renewal rate up. I’ve understood lots of scam organizations in my private time, and these sort of companies answer forum accusations to alleviate buyer concerns as opposed to looking to eventually become on together with their own business, together with delivering valid explanations for individuals to question the business enterprise in the exact first location. Every firm may benefit and ought to establish some sort of membership advertisements. They’ll often look at yearsif that the deal will be right As your buyer was well prepared to purchase the phase. Offering an credit history card additionally makes it easier for the members to buy your products by giving installment payments.
Adhere to lots of principles in case you be requested to place this letter to help somebody demonstrate alongside side residency letter of recommendation. So dependent around the reason one ought to compose the letter. Should you will not compose a letter that might be an matter. A touch of suggestion should be one of the sections of correspondence. A character reference correspondence (also at times known as a correspondence of personal reference or personal suggestion ) is utilised to urge somebody to get a placement within a organization or for some capacity in an company. When a person you’re uneasy with asks one to compose a character reference letter or whether you can’t consider enough wonderful ideas to say about the individual, then it goes to become better in case it is likely to locate a way to flee from writing it. Stick to the 6 steps and you’re able to compose a personality reference correspondence free of moment!
Third, the individual must be prepared to place the hard time and effort to create an fantastic outcome. He also has to be prepared to set the effort and time into the correspondence. Maybe perhaps not from 5 or 10 years so comprise this day and the reading that the correspondence might need to be aware that this mention is now current.
Find strategies to emphasize in meeting their goals, the characteristics and credentials which will help the primary when looking to obtain a job to get a teacher. In addition, and most of all, today that is principals must function as the building’s tutorial leader. Larger school principals face stress to increase graduation rates and college admissions, also keep maintaining fantastic sports clubs and other extracurricular pursuits.
In the very first instance, the correspondence might possibly even be called a personalized reference letter. It’s much more advisable to seek out somebody who is perhaps not related to compose the letter. The large part of the minute, composing that minimal hazard is included by correspondence. So, to continue to continue to keep your correspondence credible, you should offer proof your view of the individual is legitimate. Regrettably it isn’t feasible to comprehend exactly if your given correspondence is going to be in receiving to a school, the gap or not. What’s more, an excellent correspondence will have important information regarding the applicant. Be certain to tailor to meet your requirements when you search for other sample individual letters of recommendation.
You will be astonished how people are hungry to get advice, whatever topic or niche you’re providing advice about, there’s always a person who wants your advice, or who would benefit from your experience. As stated by the experts’ suggestion, the advice plays a critical function within the work decision method. You have to get information. Thank goodness there is the web today where information is easy to discover! Be certain to verify that you’ve got the proper contact info all. It’s likely to utilize a sample reference page for helpful information.
Customers who rave on your merchandise or agency are all really powerful and ought to become included in most letter. For a excellent offer of business owners, even to choosing the very most effective ways of promoting and advertising their business in regards it could be difficult to comprehend what the techniques are. To take one example,, together with all the massive part of the traditional marketing techniques, it may be debatable for a business to monitor the development of their campaigns to learn what exact impact they had in growing inquiries or sales for your corporation. Inquire if the reason why is because it employed men and women who’ve bad lifestyles if your company might take a wellness program. Since you amuse organizations the better prospects will probably operate to get an understanding of what exactly is essential to you personally and things you need so you receive a return on the investment decision you’ve created on your pc.
Nearly all suggestion writers can adhere to the sort. For that reason expert CV authors are currently offering their own services that are professional. Letter-writing is actually a approach to get complete or closure unfinished enterprise. You’re called to do the complicated work of determining what type and present your skills and resume. Should is searching for a job, sample letters of advice may be. While it really is correct that sometimes after you get employed for a specific job, you might detect the work is different than the job description. Locating a excellent job is definitely an exceptionally hard undertaking.
Folks be expecting a personality certifying letter to secure a position in a specific company or, to get a pupil or admission in a college that is trustworthy. It’s possible that you spell out his personality as this will produce a personal touch within your own impression. In literature, when a character makes a statement which has an underlying meaning in contrast with all the sentence’s literal significance, the writer is supposed to possess used profiling. He needs to be witty and inconsistent sufficient to create humor. The characters that you used in creating a mockumentary, if interest the viewers in order that they see your movie with attention.
The paragraph to reveal also a petition and also your opinion to seem positive on the person. Composing it really isn’t as tough as it’s made out to become, however you’ll want to make sure that you do not go over board understanding the man or woman who you are advocating, however offer a fantastic personality evaluation. So say who you’re the duration of time you understand the individual, what kind of romantic connection you’re using with this particular each, how long you have invested together, etc.. In the paragraph set your own introduction and also the way just the average person is known by you and out of when. You are uncomfortable writing this recommendation, if you actually don’t believe you’re able to tell the man.
There are a great deal of explanations. Once you’re at a romantic partnership That you really don’t will need to stop obtaining friends. You may be capable of using a buddy for an benchmark for employment. Then that is certainly your choice now if you chosen to stay friends with this particular specific individual, but nevertheless, it wont be described as a very simple road to hoe in the event that you anticipate staying with your partner. These friends aren’t necessarily good to Ziggy and at times may gain from his kindness. Friends are an outlet for feelings there is a youngster experiencing trouble calling.
In case you might have any questions, don’t be afraid to get in touch with me. If you might have questions, please feel free to get in contact with me personally by either phone or emailaddress. Once in the dream of the youngster, you then are able to ask issues regarding their friend.
A character reference is a mention from a individual who that you comprehend , in place of an former employer. Periodically, personality references are additionally utilized by men and women if they worry their bosses are not going to write references that are optimistic. Furthermore, you may possibly be requested to publish a character testimonials one of your school application records or any subscription within a specialist team. It’s much better to receive.
In the event you were requested to write a reference letter rest assured that it’s a responsibility that ought to really be fulfilled in a suitable technique. Personality reference letters might be advantageous in obtaining. Whenever you’re requested to compose a character reference letter depends largely on the purpose of the letter.
The letter need not be from somebody who is’essential’ each se however it needs to be from some one who’s a character opinion that is fantastic and it has something constructive to express concerning the defendant. Some letters could be joined for the reference letters or pay letters. A character reference letter needs to be clear and most importantly, plausible. It needs to be prepared attentively. This really is but one among the most essential letters which you want when you are asking for a job, that loan, faculty entrance, etc.. Character reference letters are meant for supporting an individual’s facets, and are usually used by employment reasons. For this reason, you will then be in a posture to compose a ideal personality reference letter to get unique requirements.
If you are sending the letter to the first time, then subsequently a launch is going to be properly used to introduce the sender. Only speaking, the correspondence must contain length, details about who you are, what’s your connection with the individual and your understanding of the personality of the individual. A suggestion letter will be written in order to recommend a person where as, a reference correspondence is more on the subject of the factual information regarding the average person . It’s been seen that lots of women and men grow to be perplexed between an benchmark letter along with correspondence of advice, and also frequently look at them of the same. Private reference letters of recommendation are a mirror of your naturel and skills since you may notice.
This letter can be a superb case of the recommendation letter for a scenario when a reference letter must be composed by you for a person who is applying to get work. It is required to compose an persuasive and extremely wonderful hint to assist your own buddies, coworkers, deputies, and superiors. A specialist reference letter needs to be certainly created and precise. Then it’s possible to split the letter 3 parts, In the event you have got to write a letter with reference for this particular intention.
Focus only on a single idea a card so that you don’t get tempted to incorporate a whole lot of advice. The rest of the information has to be included in your marketing and marketing bits. Listed below are a few tips for start-ups who seek to obtain yourself a site. To understand that your individual consumer security office of your nation, you may go to consumer action internet site, from where you are ready to find the important points of the neighborhood consumer security office. In addition, you will should ship a quarterly newsletter. Besides the mentioned communications you’re also going to be sending out of your regular promotional postings and routine reminders of the benefits of conducting business along with you and your enterprise.
You need to modify the content according to this routines. The content of the letter should be well looked outside after which should be presented properly. Direct advertisements in place of advertising else like a method to push visitors into their site will be your next method that website developers use who’d want to market a mobile site.
The conventional could fluctuate with selections of instances. Perfect structure and layout are features in a report, as it contains the detailed data of any project. Then you are regarded as bloated if you should be mindful that the documents have been forged plus it’s really still true that you simply produce a bid to apply it. If you intentionally create writing or documents you will be posed as guilty plus it’s considered being a felony.
To give it a personal touch, make certain you write the letter in your words. Always make sure that the correspondence consists of your enterprise letter thoughts. In the event you have not been in an posture to produce that type of rapport and require the letter, do not stress. You can find two kinds of query letters.
Technology and also this web’s use has changed my organization is promoted. The exact very same thing is true for any industry also. The blood sport industry is very tricky for regulation enforcers and is closed to discontinue. Really, organizations are based to support distinctive businesses to keep a high renewal price . Proceed for a superior company providing website designing that is very good for small company, if you are inexperienced. Because your purchaser was ready to obtain the very first period, they’ll have the inclination take into account yearsif. Offering a credit score history card also makes it easier for the members by supplying payments to purchase your merchandise.
The function of the app is always to enable the boss to work out work to be done, as stated by the period of deliverables. The worth of proof throughout trial was upheld by conclusions. Among the other facet of the restart where most women and men come to be stuck will be the relevant skills. The point to do is to inform the man about the intention supporting the meeting and also the topics which are very likely to become covered. Whether an individual, by way of instance, hinting that you’re suffering from a sure disorder, you can offer records which encircle his allegation.
The very following thing you ought to own on your outline is exactly what you intend to promote. 4 webpages is thought to be the perfect length to start with, the list must perhaps not be too long. For those who are not sure about composing a proposal yourself, it is advised that you just simply search to find the services of an expert. The outline just gives the principles regarding the business model Even though a extensive business plan extends to you the specific particulars about the method by which the company is going to be run and the anticipated inflow of earnings. Take the evaluation and determine if your business would like a membership program. For example, a student submits a mission in time, also also contains some excess advice that she accumulated on the discipline. Teachers can be certain that pupils know the significance of behavior that is excellent, and due to this, instead of hammering it through regulations and rules act effectively.
At the event the address serves to present an individual guarantee that you simply refer to how the experience in his particular capacities of a individual is appropriate, to case he is invisibly above and you will have to bring private advice into this address. It ought to be heart felt and drafting it isn’t difficult as long as you add the essential and key pointers that you feel provides the character of stuff you need to convey . Generally, an award acceptance address needs to be given straight from the center. The speech utilized in CV or restart composing is ordinarily formal and it’s really a good idea to maintain it this fashion. | 2019-04-23T02:20:34Z | http://reflectionsonacreativescotland.com/16-list-motywacyjny-przedszkolanka/ |
The same can be said of boredom as Saint Augustine said of time: everyone knows what it is but no one knows how to define it. What’s more, a colossal amount has been written on the subject, in fields ranging from the literary to the psychiatric and psychoanalytic. (Maggini, Dalle Luche 1991).
For the ancients, boredom was considered an element within the broader category of melancholia and was undifferentiated from a kind of apathetic pain, a rejection of the world, and, in essence, madness, in its repressed and bizarre aspect as well as its creative and inspired one (Screech 1983). In the Middle Ages, boredom was confounded with sloth (lat. acedia), which was seen as a sinful emotion representing a loss of faith in the life-giving presence of God in things and in men’s souls (Cleare 2005, Maggini & Dalle Luche 1988). At the dawn of the modern age, boredom was recognized as a specific emotion seen as an expression, somewhere between disillusionment and anger, of the loss of contact with things or of a sense of the world, subsequent to the crisis of the major explanatory, philosophical and religious systems (Svendsen 2004).
The concept of boredom continues to be elusive in our own time, not least for its elaborate stratification, which necessitates a painstaking operation of semantic discrimination (Dalle Luche 1998). In the field of psychiatry, on the one hand, boredom more or less coincides with depression, of which it represents a less painful, though more irritated and frustrated, version (Maggini & Dalle Luche 1991). On the other hand, it is also identified as a specific emotion of restlessness, searching and dissatisfaction. In the field of psychoanalysis, boredom is again set within the vast realm of depressive phenomena, although the question is discussed in endless articles and analyses as to whether it is simply a variant of loss or if a different type of emotion is involved, somehow more active and tending towards development (Maggini & Dalle Luche 1991).
In this paper, for our purposes and so as not to go astray in a survey of the literature – which has been done by many authors and has not provided a more precise definition (Maggini & Dalle Luche 1991; Dalle Luche 1998) – I would like to identify certain polarities and then propose a definition whose purpose is to facilitate exploration of the field rather than to resolve the problem. Indeed, I am of the opinion that unless an attempt is made to pinpoint a recognizable conceptual center of boredom, it will be quite difficult to make progress in any analysis, given the vastness of the subject and the tendency for the concept to remain vague, given that it is too bland, too wide-ranging and already familiar. After this first step, to address the topic, it will be necessary to arise the issue of authenticity from different perspectives and to propose the idea, as suggested by S. Benvenuto (2016), that boredom can be conceived as the disillusionment of one who believed in a promise that was not kept and was thus deceptive. In the end, some operational conclusions will be drawn.
One possible polarity is that between lack and rejection.
In the first case – lack — boredom expresses the confused, irritated and discontented perception, in large part unclear and contradictory, of a lack of some essential function in human relations (Svendsen 2004). An example is the boredom of a person involved in a group or institution characterized by an excess of self-satisfaction, conformism or superficiality, and consequently boredom experiences result as a sign of the absence of vivacity and personal richness in the communication between the members of the institution (Gaburri 2003, Kaës 1987).
In the other case – rejection – boredom expresses an active impulse of subtle aggression, which tends to annul the dynamic contribution offered by reality and in general by others, asserting instead destructive, grandiose and hostile narcissism (Mancia 1990, Zapparoli 1979). In this case boredom may be the consequence of a denial of the affectivity of the other, as occurs in certain perversions or chronic psychoses, in which the need to keep the acute, dramatic aspect of the psychosis under control drives the psychotic to drastically repress all dynamic aspects of the relationship for the sake of tranquility and stability: Order replaces life and all its fluctuations (Correale 2000). In both cases – lack and rejection – the space-time for genuineness is saturated, as well as a possible contact with otherness, the objects felt are like something known, they are always the same over the time and they will never change. In the first example it was “conformism or superficiality”, in the second “the full repression of all dynamics aspects of relationship”.
To find our way through the labyrinthine accumulation of data, I would like to propose a specific conceptual core, which, as I said before, in no way exhausts our subject, nor does it begin to cover all the possible meanings. Instead, it aims to serve as a point of reference around which other possible meanings can be arranged, either by analogy or by contrast.
I propose to define boredom as the subjective experience of a partial or total lack of authenticity in relationships; hence boredom expresses a confused, unclear emotion that we are not in the presence of something which comes from within, but of something affected, far removed or conformist. Objects of perception, experienced as obvious and predictable, lose their aura of novelty and become enmeshed in a network of pre-established symbols which conceal their potential for change, vitality and discovery. The object is perceived with anger since it is experienced as lack lustre, dull, and all too familiar.
I could reformulate what I have said so far by stating that boredom is a kind of reproach against objects for being too dull, lifeless, and static, and that this reproach stems from the fact that bored people feel persecuted by a lack of authenticity either in themselves or in their significant relationships.
Thus, the problem arises of tackling the issue of authenticity – an extremely arduous operation which I would like to do, however, with a few concise references, in the hopes of grasping at least a few of the essential aspects of this question (Neri 2005).
The notion of the uncanny, as proposed by Freud in his renowned work, offers an interesting approach to this problem. Freud states that the uncanny is the alien or strange within the familiar (Freud 1919). I would like to take this definition in its widest sense and state, as a possible development of that assertion, that the sphere of otherness – that which is outside of ourselves – must inevitably contain a component of strangeness. The presence of this component means that otherness always places us in some way in a passive state, and, through quite complex but identifiable pathways, this passivity also generates an ethical demand: the other exists, and is counting on us and on the fact that his existence will be acknowledged.
This otherness, can also be conceived as a mild form of depersonalization: at times the other, or the object, seem to contain something new or, on the contrary, something very old. This change reflects an ineffable element in the object, that part of the object itself which words cannot fully express and which bears witness in some way to its partial unassimilability. This question, whose roots go back to ancient philosophical reflections, has been amply developed by Lacan in his discussion of the real (Lacan 1962-1963).
This aspect can be described – as it was in certain philosophical contexts, especially by Heidegger (Heidegger 1927), and as proposed more specifically in an interesting association between the uncanny in Freud and disorientation in Heidegger (Berto 1999) – as the difference between Sein (being) and Seiende (entity).The Saiende is the given object while the Sein is the ineffable component of any object, the germinal, generative component which the object possesses in common with all other objects and which eludes any final definition. Other descriptions of Seiende focus on the almost sacred quality of the object, where sacred refers to an aspect that arouses both fear and attraction, capable of opening onto the universal and essentially foreign to the habitual view (Colli 1975). Hölderlin’s tragic, broadly defined, also falls into this category (Bodei 1989).
I won’t dwell on this subject, which has received considerable historical attention, but I would like to stress the importance of seeing authenticity as a type of curiosity, astonishment, fear of and attraction to this ineffable aspect of the other; that is, the part of the other which we never fully know and which is thus open to further categorization and qualification, and is not caught once and for all in the web of consolidated, established symbols.
Conceived in this way as a core of otherness that eludes the habitual and with residues of unassimilability (Berto 1999), the concept of the uncanny allows us a further clarification. We are accustomed to recognizing anxiety as the feeling that accompanies the appearance of the uncanny, and Freud associates it with the compulsion to repeat, to the inorganic element in our nature, to the double with its outcome of death and annulment, and to the alienating gaze (Freud 1919). More recently, in the vast realm of psychosis, the uncanny has been seen as the beginning of the process of depersonalization; that is to say, the beginning of a catastrophic crisis which can lead to the collapse of spatial-temporal coordinates and which, therefore, heralds the dreadful anxiety attending departure from the habitual world and entrance into a mysterious, unknowable one (Borgna 1995).
But, besides this conception of the anxiety of the uncanny, is it possible to imagine a more benign version? While it is absolutely true that the uncanny signals the appearance of an unbearable anxiety, which prefigures a detachment from reality and the loss of the sense of oneself, it is also true that there is an uncanny experience that fits into the intimate and the familiar, creating a break in continuity and a possible opening. Empathy and an affectionate sense of closeness and protection can exist simultaneously with this uncanny and enter into a dialectic with it, which may be either devastating or promising. In such cases, the uncanny appears as bursts or moments of strangeness, which are however subject to openness, to development and to the acquisition of new sensory or imaginative data concerning the object.
In this regard, Walter Benjamin (Benjamin 1955) distinguished two types of possibilities in the concept of experience: the first derives from accretion, through the slow deposit of successive encounters, which leads to the domestication of otherness, so to speak, to its entry into our usual familiar, personal world; the second, through illumination, in which moments of breaking through occur within the strata and deposits. Such moments may arouse a slight anxiety, but they also arouse curiosity, wariness but also desire. In brief, they give the object new life by marking it as something as yet unknown and which is thus open to the world, to language and to knowledge. A vision of human relationships based exclusively on the value of experiences of repeated contact runs the risk of obliterating this possible opening. In order to preclude any type of anxiety, a potential window on the world is closed when importance is given only to the idealized experience of encounter and contact. From this point of view boredom feeling can be a possible opening for what is “yet unknown” at the price of a slight arouse of anxiety.
A second way of conceiving authenticity comes from Winnicott (Winnicott 1971), who approaches the question of authenticity when he speaks of the true self. This concept is well known, at least two important aspects can be highlighted for the purposes of our discussion.
First, the true self has something to do with the body. Its real existence, its visions, its relationship with time, illness and death, but, above all, its relationship with desire, instinctual and emotional drives, the inexhaustible urge towards the outside world, towards the other, towards the object, that urge recognized in antiquity – for example, in Plato’s concept of Eros, Aristotle’s concept of movement or Saint Augustine’s of appetitus – and taken up again with the Freudian libido.
This inexhaustibility of the urge towards the outside world opens the way to the issue of the relationship between boredom and the infinite, according to which boredom is considered a form of atheistic spirituality (Dalle Luche 1998, Jankélévitch 1963).
In light of this first aspect, we could say that the authentic is all that which has a corporeal dimension, which is related to need and desire, but also to fear of death and to confronting solitude, sexuality and life’s most infinite and mysterious aspects.
The second aspect concerns the mysterious assertion that the true self is an unreachable core of a human being – a secret aspect that can never be completely revealed. Excluding mystical interpretations, I think we can associate Winnicott’s idea with the ineffable aspect of the self and the object, the generative dimension linked to the stream of consciousness which leads us to conceive of the self as a flow, a flowing, in some way associated with the infinite and from which Saint Augustine derived the idea of the infinite dwelling in man’s soul.
If we put these two aspects together – authenticity as a benign contact with the uncanny and authenticity as the expression of a corporality that is always essentially other even if it becomes largely our own – we can return to the concept of boredom, proposing the idea that man has a kind of hunger for this type of authenticity and that its absence places man in a condition of deprivation, as suggested in other terms by Bion (Bion 1962).
In fact, this statement is not unlike certain well-known assertions made by Bion who proposed, in approaching analytic material, a type of phenomenological épochè, through his suggestion to renounce memory and desire (Bion 1970). That is to say, a reduction of that which is already familiar, an attempt to approach that illumination we mentioned before, but disregarding any mystical qualities and conceived as part of a methodologically controlled experiment, so to speak. Furthermore, when Bion said that psychoanalysis must operate within the sphere of the senses, of myth and passion, he touched upon an important truth: it is essential that the body be present in human relations through its senses, and likewise there must be emotion, which arises from the way in which mind and body experience the relationship together.
But let us get back to the question of boredom. Following up on a very constructive suggestion by Sergio Benvenuto (2016), I would like to propose the idea that boredom can be conceived as the disillusionment of one who believed in a promise that was not kept and was thus deceptive: nature, the world, or others promised something that never happened. Within the subject, the counterpart to such a promise is the feeling Borgna (2005) defines as waiting with no hope or expectation.
The promise can be interpreted in two ways. In the first, we can invoke the ideal of the Ego. Within the Freudian tradition, and even more within this aspect specifically dealt with by Kohut (1971), we can state that the child faced with an overwhelming ideal of the Ego cannot reconcile the true self with the ideal or grandiose self. The object’s relation is saturated by idealization and the child can only see an unrealistic self through the looking glass. This view is in fact a very illuminating method to explain much narcissistic boredom, where the object is constantly disappointing because expectations are so high and, for the most part, unrealistic.
Nonetheless, in my opinion, this view has the weakness of underplaying the role of the other and focusing too much upon the self. Idealization unquestionably represents both a powerful force and a grave danger, yet some bored people experience an urge towards the reality of things, towards their essence, a nearly insatiable yet productive curiosity that induces a very strong move towards the other, which may be permeated with idealization but is not exclusively defined by it.
From a strict Freudian perspective, this urge could be attributed to a somewhat hysterical condition of the bored person, in the sense that, having been deprived of the corporeal and sexual dimension in his primary relationships by a parent who constantly invoked it and then prohibited it (Bollas 2002), the person continually seeks it out in his object relationships without however allowing himself the luxury of achieving it. This conflict is a desire that cannot be achieved and despite this repeated. But when this boredom is related to the uncanny we referred to earlier and penetrates so profoundly in object relations, can it really only be explained by the grandiose self’s dissatisfaction, as in Kohut’s version, or by the person’s underlying hysteria, as in Freud’s version?
“A painter promised us a picture.
Here, in New England, having learned of his death, I felt once again the sadness of recognizing that we are but shapes of a dream. I thought about the man and the picture, both lost.
(Only the gods can make promises, for they are deathless).
I thought about the place, chose in advance, where the canvas will not hang.
Later, I thought: if it were there, wouldn’t it in time become one thing more – an object, another of the vanities or habits of the house? Now the picture is limitless, unending, capable of taking any form or color and bound to none.
(Men can make promises, too, for in a promise there is something that does not die)”. (Borges1975).
It seems clear that, like a promise, there are at least two ways of thinking boredom feeling: the first in relation with authenticity and the hunger for a new way of perception; the other in relation with a saturated world.
Thus the problem becomes why some subjects hunger more for authenticity than others, with an almost painful connotation. I believe that the answer can be found in the experience of a childhood traumatic situation that has shaken the subject without plunging him into chaos, and created a deep, though not devastating, sense of solitude within him. However, a separate, in-depth analysis would be needed to do this subject justice (Green 2004).
So, let us come back to the subject of authenticity and our effort to isolate an essential core from within the full range of boring or bored situations – a core that is hungry for reality and thus tends to mistrust self-satisfied or conformist responses to the problem. The question then arises: what type of relationships can facilitate the discovery of this authenticity in oneself and in things?
I would like to follow up on an idea of Agamben’s (Agamben 1977), and on a much older proposal by Greenson (Greenson 1953), which I find very interesting. They suggest that boredom derives from a strong and necessary attachment to an object some of whose parts are deadened, which results in a corresponding deadening in the subject. This type of attachment must be strong, necessary and irreplaceable and yet, the subject perceives an aspect of numbness, absence, and death within the bond which calls forth a corresponding sensation in him or her. It is characteristic of boredom that this aspect is not perceived clearly as such, but rather as a type of toxic exhalation, like a food whose bad taste is not immediately perceived but which leaves the foul taste of something gone bad. In response to this perception, the subject often intensifies the object relationship hoping his sensation will be overwhelmed by the renewed, stronger attachment, but thereby sets off a vicious circle. To understand better this idea let’s focus on the example I made while talking about the lack polarity of boredom in the introduction of the paper. The experience of boredom by the people involved in a group or institution is a sign of the absence of vivacity and personal richness in the communication between members of the group, characterized by an excess of (plenty of) self-satisfaction, conformism and superficiality. These are dead objects.
As a result, a veil of hypocrisy is established – unacknowledged hypocrisy, or even worse, hypocrisy that is often taken for affection or respect for the other. Regardless, it is sufficient to suffocate the authenticity we have been discussing – that is, the sense of a periodic rediscovery of the otherness of the other, which is an absolute prerequisite for the vitality of a relationship.
In this regard, we need to touch upon the subject of emptiness. From the point of view that concerns us here, emptiness is not only an absence but also the presence of an overload of dead or deadened objects, existing alongside or together with vital and beloved parts. The contemporary world offers us a vast example of this situation, in the addictive exaltation which values objects over people for the satisfaction of needs and desires (Recalcati 1998). The Lacanian conception of the gadget object (Lacan 1982) and the entire psychoanalytic interpretation of addiction indicate that the tendency in contemporary society to satisfy needs and desires with objects and not with relationships feeds the very emptiness that it seeks to fill and creates a circular causality: the emptier I feel, the more I seek to fill my emptiness with unsatisfying objects, as part of a narcissistic and inexhaustibly destructive spiral.
I would like to conclude by reiterating a few concise points. Within the vast world of boredom, I have tried to identify a specific way of being bored, which is typical of people who are partially or completely trapped in a contradictory relationship with another person or with a group or institution in which the appreciation of some parts corresponds to the non-acknowledgment – through denial or confusion – of other dead or deadened parts of the other person, group or institution. The result is a veil of hypocrisy that in a sense shrouds the relationships with dust and envelops them in an aura of boredom. This boredom arises when the hunger for authenticity so characteristic of human beings remains unsatisfied. This phenomenon cannot be explained exclusively by idealization but is related instead to a primary, essential acknowledgment of the irreducible core of otherness, which is the underpinning of both our pains and our pleasures. As Greenson pointed out years ago, emptiness is an overload of dead or deadened objects whose presence inhibits the affective and libidinal drive towards the outer world: “The emptiness in boredom is due to the repression of forbidden instinctual aims and objects along with inhibition in imagination” (Greenson1953). Thus, this too-full emptiness is replaced by another kind of emptiness – one associated with negation as suggested by Freud (1925) but which still leaves room for openness and development (Cimino 2005).
So, what are the operational consequences? The first regards what I propose as a return to the sensory nature of things, to their being something alive, in flesh and blood and not merely phantoms or parts of a dream inside of us. While psychoanalysis has always followed the path from the thing to the symbol (in the wake of Freud who proceeded from the representation of the thing to the representation of the word) and established one of its most significant contributions to the knowledge of the human mind upon this approach, at this point it is necessary to propose the inverse process – not as an exclusive alternative but alongside the previous one: from the symbol to the actual thing, from phantom to perception. This orientation has been energetically and effectively argued by Sergio Benvenuto for years (Benvenuto 1998). In the above-mentioned paper, he closes stating that the real interpretation does not exist: “The argument it is not to finally find the meaning behind a metaphorical meaning but rather to answer metaphors with other metaphors which bear more grace with the aim to act in a way in which the subject become aware of what it is real”. Boredom, as well as the analytical interpretation, puts us in relation with the real and leads us to a dialectic approach to otherness which by definition moves away from both the ideal and the usual.
It is as if we need the ability to return to the real object, to its share of strangeness, and to propose a type of knowledge that is neither stereotypical nor an endless reference from phantom to phantom, from transformation to transformation, from narration to narration, which dislodges the psychoanalysis of the relationship with the real and shifts it into the sphere of an inaccessible idealism. A return to the thing counters boredom and drives the person to come up with new explanations, new interpretations and new models in the group, institution or individual and to not seek refuge in an idealized relationship between two people in which strangeness is forbidden in the name of the struggle against anxiety.
The second point concerns the uncanny. A careful analysis of these micro-depersonalizing moments can serve as a valuable tool and irreplaceable guide to break out of pre-established frameworks, to venture into as yet unknown areas of oneself and of the other. Similarly within love relationships and institutionalized relationships in general, the pursuit of strangeness can be a corrective element against the danger of deadening, numbness and monotony that threatens the life of the institution so profoundly.
A third operational consequence concerns what I propose as an appreciation of boredom – of course not narcissistic boredom or destructive boredom or omnipotent, grandiose boredom, but rather the boredom of those who are exasperated by the lack of a more intense and real human contact. In this sense, I would almost like to invite us all to get bored a bit more often.
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Zapparoli, G.C. (1979) La paura e la noia (Milan: Il Saggiatore). | 2019-04-25T19:41:51Z | http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/boredom-an-uncanny-guide-to-something-unknown/ |
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TORONTO, ONTARIO–(Marketwired - July 29, 2015) - Lundin Mining Corporation (TSX:LUN)(OMX:LUMI) (“Lundin Mining” or the “Company”) today reported net earnings of $53.7 million or net earnings attributable to Lundin shareholders (after deducting non-controlling interests) of $46.4 million ($0.06 per share) for the quarter ended June 30, 2015. Cash flows of $262.7 million were generated from operations in the quarter, not including the Company’s attributable cash flows from Tenke Fungurume.
Earnings for the three month period included a full quarter of operating and financial results from Candelaria, which was acquired in the fourth quarter of 2014 and Eagle, which was commissioned in the same period. Candelaria and Eagle generated operating earnings of $141.3 million and $40.3 million, respectively, in the current quarter.
“We are also extremely pleased that several key milestones have recently been achieved at Candelaria, including the approval of the Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”), and the completion of an optimized mine plan. Through these important advancements, Lundin Mining is expected to continue to generate excellent shareholder value well into the future,” added Mr. Conibear.
2 Net debt is a non-GAAP measure defined as cash and cash equivalents, less long-term debt and finance leases, before deferred financing fees.
The Feasibility Study examining an expansion of the zinc operations at Neves-Corvo achieved substantial completion by quarter end. The scope of the study includes underground development of the lower Lombador zinc deposits, a major underground conveying system to take ore to the existing shaft, expansion of shaft capacity to 5.6 million tonnes per year, zinc plant expansion to 2.5 million tonnes per year ore throughput, and construction of expanded water treatment, paste backfill and tailings storage infrastructure. Maximum zinc production is nominally 165 ktpa with 25 ktpa of lead by-product. The estimated capital cost, including the first full year of underground development costs, is approximately EUR245 million. The project schedule is estimated to be approximately 24 months from approval to proceed through to commissioning of the expanded facilities.
An investment decision on zinc expansion has been deferred pending additional work to improve the existing zinc plant metallurgical recoveries and plant stability, and pending improved metal markets.
The Company is pleased to announce that Peter M. Quinn, currently the President of Candelaria and Ojos del Salado will assume the position of Chief Operating Officer of Lundin Mining effective August 1, 2015.
Mr. Quinn has over 25 years of experience in the mining industry, overseeing all aspects of mining, leaching and concentrating processes in both open pit and underground operations. He commenced his career at Western Mining Corporation’s Olympic Dam Operations in 1988 (now BHP Billiton) and subsequently gained experience in Newcrest Mining, Phelps Dodge, and Freeport ‐McMoRan before joining Lundin Mining in November 2014. Mr. Quinn has had major green‐field project startup experiences with the Mt. Keith Nickel Project in Western Australia and the Cadia Hill Gold Mine Project in New South Wales, Australia and has extensive experience with operating large scale open pit mining operations such as the Morenci Mine Operations, Arizona USA and the Candelaria operations. Throughout his career Mr. Quinn has been a leader in safety and production efficiency, through organizational team building and people development and was recognized by CORESEMIN, Third Region de Atacama Premier Award for Safety Leadership in 2012. Mr. Quinn received his Bachelor of Engineering in mining engineering from the South Australian Institute of Technology.
Following the successful completion of construction and ramp up of operations at the Eagle mine, General Manager Mike Welch will be transferring from the Eagle Mine to take up the role of General Manager at Neves-Corvo in August.
For the second quarter of 2015, all of the Company’s operations continued to perform well, with most operations meeting or exceeding expectations. Production results continue to be strong, cash costs remain competitive, and favourable profit margins were maintained at all operations.
Candelaria (80%): The Candelaria operations produced, on a 100% basis, 46,651 tonnes of copper, and approximately 464,000 ounces of silver and 26,900 ounces of gold in concentrate, with copper and gold production better than expectations as a result of higher throughputs and good metallurgical recoveries. Copper cash costs1 of $1.21/lb for the quarter benefitted from lower mine and mill costs, favourable foreign exchange rates, and higher production.
1 Cash cost/lb of copper, zinc and nickel are non-GAAP measures defined as all cash costs directly attributable to mining operating, less royalties and by-product credits.
Eagle (100%): Eagle’s operational results were generally in-line with expectations, with nickel production (6,349 tonnes) meeting expectations, and copper production (5,403 tonnes) exceeding expectations for the quarter with higher than expected head grades and recoveries. Nickel cash costs of $2.15/lb for the quarter were higher than full year guidance of $2.00/lb as a result of lower than expected copper by-product credit pricing and higher treatment charges.
Neves-Corvo (100%): Neves-Corvo produced 15,348 tonnes of copper and 16,022 tonnes of zinc in the second quarter. Copper production exceeded the prior year comparable period by 14% due to higher head grades and the continued rollout of bulk mining methods in more areas. Zinc production fell short of the prior year comparable period, resulting from a reduction in mill throughput and below target metal recovery in the zinc plant. Copper cash costs of $1.43/lb for the quarter were lower than guidance ($1.60/lb) due primarily to favourable foreign exchange rates.
Zinkgruvan (100%): Zinc production was strong in the second quarter of 2015, with the mine once again hoisting a record volume of ore. Zinc production of 21,237 tonnes was 10% higher than the comparable period in 2014 due to higher head grades and recoveries. Lead production exceeded expectations in the current quarter, but fell short of the prior year comparable period as mining took place in areas with lower lead grades. Cash costs for zinc of $0.43/lb for the quarter were higher than guidance ($0.35/lb) due to lower by-product credit pricing.
Aguablanca (100%): Aguablanca had another strong quarter of operational performance as mining transitioned from open pit to underground. Current quarter production of 2,245 tonnes of nickel and 1,975 tonnes of copper exceeded both expectations and the prior year comparable period. Cash costs of $1.72/lb of nickel for the quarter were significantly below expectations and the prior year comparable period as mining of the open pit was extended early into the second quarter.
Tenke (24%): Tenke operations continue to perform well. Lundin’s attributable share of second quarter production included 12,544 tonnes of copper cathode and 996 tonnes of cobalt in hydroxide. The Company’s attributable share of sales included 11,376 tonnes of copper at an average realized price of $2.63/lb and 893 tonnes of cobalt at an average realized price of $9.27/lb. Tenke operating cash costs for the second quarter of 2015 were $1.07/lb of copper sold, lower than the latest guidance, primarily reflecting higher cobalt credits, partly offset by lower copper sales volumes. Cash distributions received by Lundin Mining in the quarter were $5.9 million, in-line with expectations. An additional $0.8 million was received from the Freeport Cobalt operations. Year-to-date cash distributions to the Company from Tenke and Freeport Cobalt totalled $17.0 million.
Operating earnings for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 were $243.0 million, an increase of $168.8 million in comparison to the second quarter of the prior year ($74.2 million). The increase was primarily due to the inclusion of Candelaria’s ($141.3 million) and Eagle’s ($40.3 million) operating results. Operating earnings were also positively impacted by favourable foreign exchange rates ($21.6 million), partially offset by lower realized metal prices and price adjustments ($40.3 million) from our European operations.
On a year-to-date basis, operating earnings were $517.0 million, an increase of $399.7 million in comparison to the first six months of 2014 ($117.3 million). The increase was primarily due to the inclusion of Candelaria’s ($305.0 million) and Eagle’s ($96.4 million) operating results.
Sales for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 were $501.3 million, an increase of $309.5 million in comparison to the second quarter of the prior year ($191.8 million). The increase was mainly due to incremental sales from Candelaria and Eagle of $256.5 million and $85.0 million, respectively, and higher sales volumes ($12.9 million) from the Company’s European operations, partially offset by lower realized metal prices and price adjustments ($40.3 million) from the Company’s European operations.
On a year-to-date basis, sales were $1,032.8 million, an increase of $691.1 million in comparison to the first six months of 2014 ($341.7 million). The increase was mainly due to incremental sales from Candelaria and Eagle of $548.7 million and $173.4 million, respectively, and higher European sales volumes ($52.5 million), partially offset by lower realized metal prices and price adjustments ($74.9 million) from the Company’s European operations.
Average metal prices for copper, nickel and lead for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 were lower (11%, 30%, and 7%, respectively) in comparison to the second quarter of the prior year, while zinc prices increased from the prior year comparable period (6%).
On a year-to-date basis, average metal prices for copper, nickel and lead were lower (14%, 17%, and 11%, respectively) in comparison to the first six months of 2014, while zinc prices increased from the prior year comparable period (4%).
Operating costs (excluding depreciation) for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 were $251.6 million, an increase of $140.6 million in comparison to the second quarter of the prior year ($111.0 million). The increase was largely due to the incremental costs from Candelaria and Eagle of $115.2 million and $44.7 million, respectively, partially offset by favourable foreign exchange rates in the Euro and Swedish krona ($21.6 million).
On a year-to-date basis, operating costs (excluding depreciation) were $502.2 million, an increase of $291.0 million in comparison to the first six months of 2014 ($211.2 million). The increase was largely due to the incremental costs from Candelaria and Eagle of $243.7 million and $77.0 million, respectively, partially offset by favourable foreign exchange rates in the Euro and Swedish krona ($41.4 million).
Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 when measured against the comparable period in 2014. The increase was attributable to the acquisition of Candelaria (Q2 2015 - $80.7 million; YTD - $165.8 million) and the start of commercial production at Eagle (Q2 2015 - $34.2 million; YTD - $70.7 million).
lower income from investment in Tenke ($14.4 million).
interest expense associated with the senior secured notes ($38.6 million).
Cash flow from operations for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 was $262.7 million, an increase of $228.9 million in comparison to the second quarter of the prior year ($33.8 million). The increase was primarily due to the operating earnings from Candelaria ($141.3 million) and Eagle ($40.3 million), and changes in non-cash working capital and long-term inventory ($86.3 million), partially offset by lower realized metal prices and price adjustments ($40.3 million) from our European operations.
On a year-to-date basis, cash flow from operations was $486.6 million, an increase of $425.3 million in comparison to the first six months of 2014 ($61.3 million). The increase was attributable to the operating earnings from Candelaria ($305.0 million) and Eagle ($96.4 million), and changes in non-cash working capital and long-term inventory ($87.5 million), partially offset by higher income taxes paid ($38.1 million).
On June 2, 2015, the Company announced that exploration drilling near the Eagle Mine had intersected a new zone of high-grade massive and semi-massive nickel-copper sulphide mineralization. The discovery is located approximately two kilometres east of the Eagle deposit, and is a result of the step-out drilling program described in the Company’s press release dated July 16, 2014. Refer to the news release entitled “Lundin Mining Discovers New High-Grade Nickel-Copper-PGM Mineralization Near Eagle Mine” on the Company’s website (www.lundinmining.com).
On July 23, 2015, the Company announced that it had received approval of its EIA for the extension of operations and mine life at its Candelaria Mine in Chile. Refer to the new release entitled “Lundin Mining Receives Approval of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Candelaria Mine” on the Company’s website.
Net debt position at June 30, 2015 was $497.2 million compared to $829.2 million at December 31, 2014 and $649.2 million at March 31, 2015.
The $152.0 million decrease in net debt during the quarter was largely attributable to operating cash flows of $262.7 million, partially offset by investments in mineral properties, plant and equipment of $78.8 million and interest payments of $38.8 million.
For the six months ended June 30, 2015, net debt decreased by $332.0 million due primarily to operating cash flows of $486.6 million, partially offset by investments in mineral properties, plant and equipment of $142.7 million.
The Company has a revolving credit facility available for borrowing up to $350 million. As at June 30, 2015, the Company had no amount drawn on the credit facility. A letter of credit in the amount of $19.7 million (SEK 162 million) is outstanding.
Net debt at July 29, 2015 is approximately $525 million.
Production and cash cost guidance for 2015 have been adjusted to account for mine site performance and foreign exchange rates to-date, and second half expectations.
Cash cost and production guidance for the Aguablanca Mine is currently under review. While both nickel and copper production year-to-date have been above expectations, a permitting complexity has arisen that could affect production levels and cost projections towards the end of the year. The Spanish mining authority had previously granted approvals to convert from open pit to underground mining, however another government agency has recently requested a new EIA on the change in mining method. The Company is cooperating fully with this request and will have a third party authored underground mining EIA submitted shortly. The Company may undertake a full or partial shutdown of the underground operations pending the EIA approval. Stockpiles are sufficient to continue processing at full tonnages until early in the fourth quarter. Updated guidance will be provided in the next quarterly outlook.
a Guidance as outlined in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
b Cash costs remain dependent upon exchange rates (forecast at EUR/USD:1.15, USD/SEK:8.25, USD/CLP:625) and metal prices (forecast at Cu: $2.70/lb, Zn: $0.95/lb, Pb: $0.80/lb, Ni: $6.25/lb, Co: $13.00/lb). Prior guidance forecast EUR/USD at 1.10.
c Freeport has provided 2015 sales and cash costs guidance. Tenke’s 2015 production is assumed to approximate sales guidance.
Capital expenditures for 2015 are expected to be $350 million (excluding Tenke). The Company expects to spend $40 million less on sustaining capital expenditures at Candelaria and $10 million less on sustaining capital expenditures at Neves-Corvo. In total, this represents a reduction of $50 million from the previous guidance.
The Company estimates its share of expansion related initiatives and sustaining capital funding for 2015 at Tenke to be $80 million, $10 million less than previously guided. All of the capital expenditures are expected to be self-funded by cash flow from Tenke operations.
The Company expects to receive cash distributions from Tenke in 2015 of approximately $20 - $30 million, slightly increased from previous guidance of $20 million.
Lundin Mining Corporation (“Lundin”, “Lundin Mining” or the “Company”) is a diversified Canadian base metals mining company with operations in Chile, the USA, Portugal, Sweden, and Spain, producing copper, nickel, zinc and lead. In addition, Lundin Mining holds a 24% equity stake in the world-class Tenke Fungurume (“Tenke”) copper/cobalt mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo (“DRC”) and in the Freeport Cobalt Oy business (“Freeport Cobalt”), which includes a cobalt refinery located in Kokkola, Finland.
The information in this release is subject to the disclosure requirements of Lundin Mining under the Swedish Securities Market Act and/or the Swedish Financial Instruments Trading Act. This information was publicly communicated on July 29, 2015 at 6:15 p.m. Eastern Time.
Certain of the statements made and information contained herein is “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. This report includes, but is not limited to, forward looking statements with respect to the Company’s estimated annual metal production, cash costs, exploration expenditures, capital expenditures and dividends, as noted in the Outlook section and elsewhere in this document. These estimates and other forward-looking statements are based on a number of assumptions and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual events or results to differ from those reflected in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, risks and uncertainties relating to estimated operating and cash costs, foreign currency fluctuations; risks inherent in mining including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected geological formations, ground control problems and flooding; including risks associated with the estimation of mineral resources and reserves and the geology, grade and continuity of mineral deposits; the possibility that future exploration, development or mining results will not be consistent with the Company’s expectations; the potential for and effects of labour disputes or other unanticipated difficulties with or shortages of labour or interruptions in production; actual ore mined varying from estimates of grade, tonnage, dilution and metallurgical and other characteristics; the inherent uncertainty of production and cost estimates and the potential for unexpected costs and expenses, and commodity price fluctuations; the inability to successfully integrate the Candelaria operations or realize its anticipated benefits; uncertain political and economic environments; changes in laws or policies, foreign taxation, delays or the inability to obtain necessary governmental permits; and other risks and uncertainties, including those described under Risk Factors Relating to the Company’s Business in the Company’s Annual Information Form. Forward-looking information is in addition based on various assumptions including, without limitation, the expectations and beliefs of management, the assumed long term price of copper, nickel, lead and zinc; that the Company can access financing, appropriate equipment and sufficient labour and that the political environment where the Company operates will continue to support the development and operation of mining projects. Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers are advised not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. | 2019-04-19T09:06:20Z | https://www.lundinmining.com/news/lundin-mining-second-quarter-results-122561/ |
In summer of 2017, Avant Assessment was approached by various district supervisors in Texas who wanted to use Avant’s standards-based language proficiency assessments to award credit-by-exam (CBE) in Texas. The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for Languages Other Than English (LOTEs) regulations established that starting in the 2017-2018 year and subsequent years, all districts in Texas offering foreign language classes would have to adhere to the guidelines established in Chapter 114 of the Texas Administrative Code.
Chapter 114 outlines the range of proficiency required of students in levels I – VII of foreign language courses, as well as exceptions that are made to the requirements depending on whether students have had prior formal education in the language and whether the language being assessed is a non-logographic language (i.e, Spanish, French, German, etc) or a logographic language (i.e, Mandarin Chinese, Russian, Hebrew, Japanese, etc). Students with prior formal instruction in the language they are testing in need only score 70% or above in order to be awarded credit for a certain level, whereas students with no prior education in the language must attain 80% or more in order to earn credit for a given level. For non-logographic languages, all four skills (Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Listening) are required to be at the same proficiency range for a given level, whereas the requirements for Reading and Writing are lower than for Speaking and Listening for logographic languages.
After several months of mathematical pondering, of very close readings of the TEKS documentation, as well as of many conversations with the district supervisors, Avant’s team of assessment experts developed the two official Avant matrices for TEKS for LOTEs in Texas; one for non-logographic languages and one for logographic languages. We call them the Avant – TEKS matrices. The version of the TEKS for LOTEs credit-by-exam matrices developed by Avant, as well as their accompanying software implementation in Excel that automatically calculates whether students have qualified for CBE credit or not, make it very easy for teachers, schools, and districts to use scores on Avant’s assessments to award CBE credit in Texas. Avant’s Excel implementation of our matrices will automatically display which TEKS CBE level(s) each student qualifies for given their STAMP or WorldSpeak scores across the four skills. Avant’s solution is fully aligned with the TEKS for LOTEs regulations and is in operational use across several districts in Texas.
To hear how Stephany Sipes (World Language Coordinator in PLANO ISD) has successfully used Avant’s STAMP 4S and WorldSpeak tests to recognize the language proficiency of hundreds of students in her district, click here. To see an example of our matrices for non-logographic and logographic languages, please see the documentation below or download it here.
If you are a district supervisor of LOTEs and would like to know more about how Avant’s credit-by-exam solution can benefit your own district in Texas, we look forward to hearing from you. If you would like to discuss how Avant’s assessments can be used for credit-by-exam purposes in states other than Texas, we will be glad to discuss this with you as well.
Has prior instruction in the language?
STAMP/WS level 4 = Intermediate-Low, STAMP/WS level 5 = Intermediate-Mid, STAMP/WS level 6 = Intermediate-High, STAMP/WS level 7 = Advanced-Low, STAMP/WS level 8 = Advanced-Mid, STAMP/WS level 9 = Advanced-High.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Reading) Does not comprehend sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I. Minimally comprehends sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I. Adequately comprehends sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I. Adequately comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Listening) Does not comprehend sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I. Minimally comprehends sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I. Adequately comprehends sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I. Adequately comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Speaking) Does not present information orally using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I. Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level I. Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I. Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Writing) Does not present information in writing using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I. Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level I. Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I. Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
*These include English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Filipino, Portuguese, Polish, Somali Maay, Somali Maxaa, Vietnamese, Yup’ik, and others.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Reading) Does not comprehend simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II. Minimally comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II. Adequately comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Listening) Does not comprehend simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II. Minimally comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II. Adequately comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Speaking) Does not present information orally using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II. Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of phrases and sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level II. Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II. Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Writing) Does not present information in writing using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II. Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of phrases and sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level II. Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II. Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Reading) Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III. Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Listening) Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III. Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Speaking) Does not present information orally using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III. Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III. Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III. Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Writing) Does not present information in writing using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III. Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III. Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III. Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Reading) Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV. Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV. Adequately uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes in the target language at level V.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Listening) Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV. Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV. Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV. Adequately uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes in the target language at level V.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Speaking) Does not present information orally using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV. Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of sentences and connected discourse with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV. Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV. Adequately communicates orally using appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes in the target language at level V.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Writing) Does not present information in writing using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV. Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of sentences and connected discourse with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV. Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV. Adequately communicates in writing using appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes in the target language at level V.
Has prior instruction in the langauge?
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Reading) Does not comprehend sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I.
- 5 points Minimally comprehends sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I.
20.5 points Adequately comprehends sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I.
24.5 points Adequately comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
Interpretive Mode of Communication (Listening) Does not comprehend sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I.
19 points Adequately comprehends sentence-length information from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within highly contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level I.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Speaking) Does not present information orally using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I.
- 5 points Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level I.
19 points Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I.
24.5 points Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
Presentational Mode of Communication (Writing) Does not present information in writing using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I.
- 5 points Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level I.
20.5 points Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of words and phrases and some simple sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level I.
24.5 points Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
*These include Arabic, Hebrew, Hindi, Japanese, Russian, Chinese, and others. For these languages, a proficiency level in the lower level of the range noted above is sufficient to meet the requirements in Reading and Writing for this level.
- 5 points Does not comprehend simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
16 points Minimally comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
21 points Adequately comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
24.5 points Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
- 6 points Does not comprehend simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources.Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
- 5 points Minimally comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
18.5 points Adequately comprehends simple connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level II.
-6 points Does not present information orally using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
- 5 points Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of phrases and sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
18.5 points Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
24.5 points Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
- 5 points Does not present information in writing using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
16 points Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of phrases and sentences with minimally appropriate and minimally applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
21 points Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases and sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level II.
24.5 points Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
- 5 points Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
16 points Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
21 points Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
24.5 points Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
- 6 points Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
- 5 points Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
18.5 points Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level III.
-6 points Does not present information orally using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
- 5 points Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
18.5 points Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
24.5 points Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
- 5 points Does not present information in writing using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
16 points Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
21 points Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of phrases, sentences, and strings of sentences with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level III.
24.5 points Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
- 5 points Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
16 points Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
21 points Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
24.5 points Adequately uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes in the target language at level V.
- 6 points Does not comprehend connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Does not use the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
- 5 points Minimally comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with minimally appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
18.5 points Adequately comprehends connected statements from culturally authentic print, digital, audio, and audiovisual materials as appropriate within contextualized situations and sources. Uses the interpretive mode in communication with appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes at level IV.
-6 points Does not present information orally using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
- 5 points Presents information orally using a minimal mixture of sentences and connected discourse with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
18.5 points Adequately presents information orally using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
24.5 points Adequately communicates orally using appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes in the target language at level V.
- 5 points Does not present information in writing using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
16 points Presents information in writing using a minimal mixture of sentences and connected discourse with minimally appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
21 points Adequately presents information in writing using a mixture of sentences and connected discourse with appropriate and applicable grammar structures and processes at level IV.
24.5 points Adequately communicates in writing using appropriate and applicable grammatical structures and processes in the target language at level V. | 2019-04-26T16:25:29Z | https://avantassessment.com/texas-cbe-documents |
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Every now and then I look at the statistics for this blog. My rough estimate is that there is a core group of at least several thousand who read it regularly (i.e., a few times per week or more), and typical posts are eventually read by ~ 10 thousand people or more.
I know very little about my readers, hence this survey. Answer whichever parts you like and paste into the comments. Many thanks!
1. Age, gender, ethnicity, nationality?
2. What's your background (education, profession, hobbies)?
3. What do you like best about this blog?
4. What do you like least about this blog?
5. How often do you find posts hard to understand?
6. Have we met in real life? Should we?
I can guess that there are several overlapping subgroups of readers: physicists, genomicists, financiers, tech / startup types, professors, ... But I'd really like to know more!
Harvard senior survey conducted by the Crimson.
Figure shows metabolic difference in various tissue types for 4 species; PFC = Prefrontal Cortex. Human brain function accounts for about 20% of total calorie consumption. See also Cognition über alles and The genetics of humanness.
Metabolite concentrations reflect the physiological states of tissues and cells. However, the role of metabolic changes in species evolution is currently unknown. Here, we present a study of metabolome evolution conducted in three brain regions and two non-neural tissues from humans, chimpanzees, macaque monkeys, and mice based on over 10,000 hydrophilic compounds. While chimpanzee, macaque, and mouse metabolomes diverge following the genetic distances among species, we detect remarkable acceleration of metabolome evolution in human prefrontal cortex and skeletal muscle affecting neural and energy metabolism pathways. These metabolic changes could not be attributed to environmental conditions and were confirmed against the expression of their corresponding enzymes. We further conducted muscle strength tests in humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. The results suggest that, while humans are characterized by superior cognition, their muscular performance might be markedly inferior to that of chimpanzees and macaque monkeys.
Physiological processes that maintain our tissues' functionality involve the generation of multiple products and intermediates known as metabolites—small molecules with a weight of less than 1,500 Daltons. Changes in concentrations of these metabolites are thought to be closely related to changes in phenotype. Here, we assessed concentrations of more than 10,000 metabolites in three brain regions and two non-neural tissues (skeletal muscle and kidney) of humans, chimpanzees, macaque monkeys, and mice using mass spectrometry-based approaches. We found that the evolution of the metabolome largely reflects genetic divergence between species and is not greatly affected by environmental factors. In the human lineage, however, we observed an exceptional acceleration of metabolome evolution in the prefrontal cortical region of the brain and in skeletal muscle. Based on additional behavioral tests, we further show that metabolic changes in human muscle seem to be paralleled by a drastic reduction in muscle strength. The observed rapid metabolic changes in brain and muscle, together with the unique human cognitive skills and low muscle performance, might reflect parallel mechanisms in human evolution.
Nice article on the progress of computer Go.
... Good opens the article by suggesting that Go is inherently superior to all other strategy games, an opinion shared by pretty much every Go player I’ve met. “There is chess in the western world, but Go is incomparably more subtle and intellectual,” says South Korean Lee Sedol, perhaps the greatest living Go player and one of a handful who make over seven figures a year in prize money. Subtlety, of course, is subjective. But the fact is that of all the world’s deterministic perfect information games — tic-tac-toe, chess, checkers, Othello, xiangqi, shogi — Go is the only one in which computers don’t stand a chance against humans.
The current handicap accorded a computer against a professional player is 4 stones. In the story below the world chess champion and his brother are given 9 stones by the Japanese mathematician (shodan = lowest non-beginner or black belt).
Mr. Kitabatake one day told us that a Japanese mathematician was going to pass through Berlin on his way to London, and if we wanted to we could play a game with him at the Japanese Club. Dr. Lasker asked him whether he and I could perhaps play a game with him in consultation, and was wondering whether the master – he was a shodan – would give us a handicap.
“Well, of course,” said Mr. Kitabatake.
“How many stones do you think he would give us?" asked Lasker.
“Nine stones, naturally,” replied Mr. Kitabatake.
“You will see,” he said.
The great day came when we were invited to the Japanese Club and met the master – I remember to this day how impressed I was by his technique – he actually spotted us nine stones, and we consulted on every move, playing very carefully. We were a little disconcerted by the speed with which the master responded to our deepest combinations. He never took more than a fraction of second. We were beaten so badly at the end, that Emanuel Lasker was quite heartbroken. On the way home he told me we must go to Japan and play with the masters there, then we would quickly improve and be able to play them on even terms. I doubted that very strongly, but I agreed that I was going to try to find a way to make the trip.
This is an old story I told the kids.
One day Max and Isabel were hiking in the mountains and came upon a cave.
Exploring in the gloom, they found a giant cavern, filled by a pile of gold and jewels. Atop the pile was a huge throne. On that throne sat the dwarf king.
Who dares enter my throne room? asked the dwarf king.
My name is Isabel and this is my brother Max.
You sure have a lot of gold, said Max.
Yes, said the dwarf king with a gleam in his eye. I am the richest in the world!
What use are riches in this dark cave? asked Max.
What?!? I am the richest in the world!!
Oh dwarf king, said Isabel, no hoard of gold is worth even a single flower, growing in the summer sun.
Great interview with former Olympian (freestyle) Dan Cormier after he submitted another Olympian (greco) Dan Henderson at UFC 173 last night. I believe Cormier can beat Jon Jones. Cormier is only about 5"10 whereas Jones is 6"4 (both fighting at 205). Previous fighters have been forced by Jones to play his striking / top control game. But Cormier is smart -- he didn't get into striking exchanges with Henderson, who has a dangerous right hand. He kept the fight on the ground and dominated from the top. He can do the same to Jones. Using this strategy, he can use Jones's length against him -- we'll see Jon Jones fighting off his back for the first time. What I like about Cormier is that he is really developing his jiujitsu. Many wrestlers are unable to capitalize on top position due to lack of high level submission skills.
I'm not a materialistic guy, but I do like modern architecture. My eyes nearly popped out when I saw this photo in Dwell. The house is in the Hollywood Hills and the view is of downtown LA.
The anthropologist Ashley Montagu advanced the idea that race is a social construct rather than a biological reality. For Wade, Montagu is a foil against which to benchmark recent advances in human genomics.
Wade: ... So I decided that I would write a book that explained what we know about race and what the consequences might be, and I think Montagu made a terrible mistake, though I share his motives.
Note the discussion below avoids using the term "race" and focuses instead on groups of humans that share ancestry. The degree of sharing can now be directly measured through genotypes.
Two modern humans differ at about 1 in 1000 loci (out of ~ 3 billion in the human genome). There are a few million differences between any two individuals across their entire genome.
A common argument is that 99.9 percent genetic similarity cannot leave room for "consequential" differences. But modern humans and Neanderthals are almost as similar (~ 99.8 percent; we have high accuracy sequences now for Neanderthals), and there are significant differences between us and them: both physical and cognitive. However, because humans and Neanderthals are known to have interbred, we are still part of the same species. (Would it be fair to refer to them as a separate "race"? Is the modern-Neanderthal difference merely a social construct?) Furthermore, this 0.1 percent genetic variation accounts for human diversity encompassing Confucious, Einstein, Shaq and Shakespeare.
Genetic variation is patterned -- two individuals who trace their ancestry to the same geographical region (e.g., two Japanese) will have about 15 percent fewer total differences between them than if we were to compare individuals from widely separated ancestries (e.g., a Nigerian and a Japanese). This means hundreds of thousands of fewer differences between individuals from the same group than for two randomly selected people from different groups.
Gene variants (alleles) which are common in one population (e.g., 90 percent of Japanese have version A) can be rare in another (e.g., only 20 percent of Nigerians have version A). Differences in allele frequencies are correlated across populations. From these correlations one can easily identify a genome (or even a small chunk of DNA as long as it includes many alleles) as belonging to a particular ancestral group. To oversimplify: just ask whether the DNA chunk in question has mostly the variants that are common in one group as opposed to another. Even if the differences in allele frequency are small -- e.g., allele X is 62 percent likely in Japanese, versus 57 percent likely in Nigerians -- once we consider thousands of such alleles the statistical signal becomes apparent. Each individual (or chunk of DNA) can be associated with a particular ancestral group.
Is this genetic difference consequential? Does it make two Nigerians more similar, on average, to each other than to a random European? Obviously, on some superficial phenotypes such as skin color or nose shape, the answer is yes.
But what about more complicated traits, such as height or cognitive ability or personality? All of these are known to be significantly heritable, through twin and adoption studies, as well as more modern methods.
We can't answer the question without understanding the specific genetic architecture of the trait. For example, are alleles that slightly increase height more common in one group than another? We need to know exactly which alleles affect height... But this is challenging as the traits I listed are almost certainly controlled by hundreds or thousands of genes. Could population averages on these traits differ between groups, due to differences in allele frequencies? I know of no argument, taking into account the information above, showing that they could not.
Many who argue on Montagu's side hold the prior belief that the ~ 50k years of isolation between continental populations is not enough time for differential selection to produce group differences, particularly in complex traits governed by many loci. This is of course a quantitative question depending on strength of selection in different environments. The new results on height should cause them to reconsider their priors.
It is fair to say that results on height, as well as on simpler traits such as lactose or altitude tolerance, are consistent with Wade's theme that evolution has been recent, copious, and regional.
2) There is no a priori argument, given what we currently know, that such differences cannot exist. (Cf. Neanderthals!) Note this is NOT an argument that differences exist -- merely that they might, and that we cannot exclude the possibility.
The second part of A Troublesome Inheritance covers controversial topics such as genetic group differences in behavioral and cognitive predispositions, and their societal implications. Wade is mostly careful to present these as speculative hypotheses, but nevertheless his advocacy leaves him vulnerable to easy attack. What I have summarized above are the incontestable (albeit, in some circles, perhaps still controversial and poorly understood) new results that have accumulated through the last decade of genomic research.
See also Recent human evolution: European height and The Neanderthal Problem.
Note Added: Distinguished evolutionary biologist H. Allen Orr has written a review in The New York Review of Books which I find quite similar to mine.
There was some back and forth between Razib Khan, Orr and Jerry Coyne. I added the comment below.
My take on the book is similar to that of Orr/Coyne: does a decent job of explaining population structure; too much speculation in the second part.
However, I think Orr/Coyne/Wade all miss the most interesting piece of science regarding strength of recent selection: evidence that the N-S height gradient (about 1 SD of difference between the two regions) in Europeans is due to selection pressure. That would constitute an example of fairly strong (in the context of the debate over group differences in humans) selection pressure acting over relatively short periods of time (~ 10 kya or less). I would think this result, if it holds up, might require significant updating of priors for certain people. It also provides a good example of how science in this area should be done: observed phenotype group difference, large data sets (GIANT) teasing out the genetic architecture, tests for selection on associated genetic variants.
Another point, for the cognoscenti: Wade does a good job explaining the difference between soft and hard sweeps. Orr notes that small adjustments of allele frequencies is one of the primary mechanisms for evolutionary change (so nothing new in Wade’s discussion; goes all the way back to Fisher), but many many readers, even biologists who aren’t in population genetics, don’t understand this point very well. So reading that section in the book would increase understanding for a large number of people.
Here are two nice figures I came across recently.
The first, based on SMPY data, displays odds ratios for various accomplishments (doctorate degree, STEM publication, patent, high income, tenure) as a function of SAT-M score at age 13. The quartiles correspond roughly to 1 in 200 ability (Q1) to 1 in 10k ability (Q4). This data soundly refutes the "IQ above 120 doesn't matter" Malcolm Gladwell nonsense. See earlier post Horsepower matters; Psychometrics works.
The second figure shows regression coefficients of income (at various ages) vs IQ and personality traits (standardized, so returns for each SD of trait). This was originally discussed in Earnings effects of personality, education and IQ for the gifted; see also this paper (Miriam Gensowski, Copenhagen). Note the IQ returns may be underestimated for average individuals since the data source is Terman and there is significant restriction of range (everyone tested at better than 1 in 200 or so on the Stanford-Binet). Nevertheless there are still positive returns to above average IQ within the Terman group (analogous to SMPY results above).
Some interesting examples of shared environmental effects on height.
The more kids there were in a household, the shorter they were: Not only because there was less food to go around, but also because it made it more likely that there were more people in each bedroom. “Crowding can help spread respiratory and gastrointestinal infections,” Hatton said. “People sneezing on each other, that sort of thing.” Each additional sibling cost the men an eighth of an inch, and having more than one person per bedroom shaved off a quarter-inch.
Children of literate mothers were taller: When mothers couldn’t read, they were less likely to know about the importance of a balanced diet or clean cutlery. The researchers measured the percentage of women by region who were only able to sign their marriage certificates with an X, rather than their name. People from areas with a high percentage of illiterate mothers were a quarter-inch shorter.
People from industrial districts were shorter than those from agricultural areas: Regardless of income, the Dickensian living conditions of 19th century British cities suppressed height by about nine-tenths of an inch.
Average European male height increased 11 centimeters between 1870 and 1970, about a centimeter per decade, or 1.5 SD in a century. Seems suspiciously similar to the Flynn Effect! In addition, over the same period of time average years of schooling went up significantly: e.g., UK 1870 4 years to 1930 7 years (see Appendix A of this paper). Most individuals born 100 years ago experienced significant deprivation by modern standards.
My own view is that there is nothing particularly mysterious about the Flynn Effect: living conditions, nutrition, and availability of education have all improved drastically in the last 150 years. So g scores should have as well. The Flynn Effect can be consistent with high heritability for non-deprived individuals in modern environments.
See also Swedish height in the 20th century and Flynn on the Flynn Effect.
The north-south gradient in average height found in Europe (see figure) may be a consequence of differential selection pressures that vary by region.
I recommend this podcast interview with Michael Lewis (Longform.org). As with other Longform interviews, it focuses on his work/career as a writer and journalist. Flash Boys is only mentioned in passing.
Leonard Lopate interviews Nicholas Wade (veteran genetics correspondent for the NYTimes) about his new book A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History. The interview is slow at first but the second half is good.
Update: Another interview (May 9), with CBC, that gets right to the point regarding "social construction" -- the convenient but incorrect legacy of anthropologist Ashley Montagu (Israel Ehrenberg). The second guest, Stanford anthropologist Duana Fullwiley, foreshadows the counterattack on Wade.
See also this well-written essay in Time, adapted from the book.
(1) The first part of the book covers well-established science concerning the genetic clustering of human populations. Some of the results will be surprising to those who have not followed the last 10 years of progress in genomics. See, e.g., here and here for my thoughts on this subject.
(2) The second part of the book covers controversial topics such as genetic group differences in behavioral and cognitive predispositions. Wade is mostly careful to present these as speculative hypotheses, but nevertheless his advocacy leaves him vulnerable to easy attack.
It will be interesting to see how this book, by a prominent science writer (indeed, the chief genetics correspondent for the paper of record), is received by the intelligentsia, the punditocracy, and actual scientists.
Below I have excerpted from the first link in (1) above, a post I originally wrote in 2007. I think these remarks are quite relevant to Wade's new book; note specific comments in brackets [ ... ].
Hypothesis 1: (the PC mantra) The only group differences that exist between the clusters (races) are innocuous and superficial, for example related to skin color, hair color, body type, etc.
Hypothesis 2: (the dangerous one) Group differences exist which might affect important (let us say, deep rather than superficial) and measurable characteristics, such as cognitive abilities, personality, athletic prowess, etc.
... As scientists, we don't know whether H1 or H2 is correct, but given the revolution in biotechnology, we will eventually. Let me reiterate, before someone labels me a racist: we don't know with high confidence whether H1 or H2 is correct.
I lived on the mixture, more or less, for a three-day weekend. Many of the tips I’d heard proved true. Soylent tastes better when it’s been in the fridge overnight. (A D.I.Y. user told me that this is “because the ingredients have been able to congeal.”) It’s more appealing after physical activity—when you’re hungry, you find that you actually crave it. The smell is a downside. On Friday, after a few hours, the doughy fragrance seemed to be everywhere—in my mouth, on my breath, my fingers, and my face. And the stomach takes a while to adjust to liquid food: by the afternoon, I felt like a walking water balloon.
Living on Soylent has its benefits, though. As Rhinehart puts it, you “cruise” through the day. If you’re in a groove at your computer, and feel a hunger pang, you don’t have to stop for lunch. Your energy levels stay consistent: “There’s no afternoon crash, no post-burrito coma.” Afternoons can be just as productive as mornings.
But that is Soylent’s downside, too. You begin to realize how much of your day revolves around food. Meals provide punctuation to our lives: we’re constantly recovering from them, anticipating them, riding the emotional ups and downs of a good or a bad sandwich. With a bottle of Soylent on your desk, time stretches before you, featureless and a little sad. On Saturday, I woke up and sipped a glass of Soylent. What to do? Breakfast wasn’t an issue. Neither was lunch. I had work to do, but I didn’t want to do it, so I went out for coffee. On the way there, I passed my neighborhood bagel place, where I saw someone ordering my usual breakfast: a bagel with butter. I watched with envy. I wasn’t hungry, and I knew that I was better off than the bagel eater: the Soylent was cheaper, and it had provided me with fewer empty calories and much better nutrition. Buttered bagels aren’t even that great; I shouldn’t be eating them. But Soylent makes you realize how many daily indulgences we allow ourselves in the name of sustenance.
This was released in 1980 and includes interviews with Rabi, Ulam, Bethe, Frank Oppenheimer, Robert Wilson, and Dyson. | 2019-04-22T23:06:34Z | http://infoproc.blogspot.com/2014/05/ |
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","location='../../index.cfm/lev1/6'"); mm_menu_11_0.addMenuItem("MERCAPTOLYTE 200","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=6'"); mm_menu_11_0.addMenuItem("EZ-STRIP SS","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=929'"); mm_menu_11_0.addMenuItem("ENVIRO-SCRUB VT","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=819'"); mm_menu_11_0.addMenuItem("ENVIRO-SCRUB VT (6% Solution)","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=927'"); mm_menu_11_0.hideOnMouseOut = true; mm_menu_11_0.childMenuIcon = ""; mm_menu_11_0.bgColor = "#dcebe0"; mm_menu_11_0.menuBorder = 1; mm_menu_11_0.menuLiteBgColor = "#70907f"; mm_menu_11_0.menuBorderBgColor = "#dcebe0"; window.mm_menu_12_0 = new Menu("root",202,24,"","11","#ffffff","#ffffff","#70907f","#99b0a5","left","middle",3,1,300,1,0,true,true,true,0,true,true); // mm_menu_12_0.addMenuItem("
","location='../../index.cfm/lev1/2'"); mm_menu_12_0.addMenuItem("D-ODORIT 300","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=7'"); mm_menu_12_0.addMenuItem("D-ODORIT 100 OB","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=3'"); mm_menu_12_0.addMenuItem("CARBONIL XT","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=4'"); mm_menu_12_0.addMenuItem("GRAPE PLUS","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=5'"); mm_menu_12_0.addMenuItem("ENVIRO-SCRUB VT","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=820'"); mm_menu_12_0.hideOnMouseOut = true; mm_menu_12_0.childMenuIcon = ""; mm_menu_12_0.bgColor = "#dcebe0"; mm_menu_12_0.menuBorder = 1; mm_menu_12_0.menuLiteBgColor = "#70907f"; mm_menu_12_0.menuBorderBgColor = "#dcebe0"; window.mm_menu_13_0 = new Menu("root",202,24,"","11","#ffffff","#ffffff","#70907f","#99b0a5","left","middle",3,1,300,1,0,true,true,true,0,true,true); // mm_menu_13_0.addMenuItem("
","location='../../index.cfm/lev1/797'"); mm_menu_13_0.addMenuItem("BULLDOGG","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=796'"); mm_menu_13_0.addMenuItem("EZ-STRIP","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=33'"); mm_menu_13_0.addMenuItem("PHOS-SCRUB","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=36'"); mm_menu_13_0.addMenuItem("TRI-SOLV (oil)","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=39'"); mm_menu_13_0.hideOnMouseOut = true; mm_menu_13_0.childMenuIcon = ""; mm_menu_13_0.bgColor = "#dcebe0"; mm_menu_13_0.menuBorder = 1; mm_menu_13_0.menuLiteBgColor = "#70907f"; mm_menu_13_0.menuBorderBgColor = "#dcebe0"; window.mm_menu_14_0 = new Menu("root",202,24,"","11","#ffffff","#ffffff","#70907f","#99b0a5","left","middle",3,1,300,1,0,true,true,true,0,true,true); // mm_menu_14_0.addMenuItem("
","location='../../index.cfm/lev1/798'"); mm_menu_14_0.addMenuItem("Si-Foam 10","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=798'"); mm_menu_14_0.hideOnMouseOut = true; mm_menu_14_0.childMenuIcon = ""; mm_menu_14_0.bgColor = "#dcebe0"; mm_menu_14_0.menuBorder = 1; mm_menu_14_0.menuLiteBgColor = "#70907f"; mm_menu_14_0.menuBorderBgColor = "#dcebe0"; window.mm_menu_15_0 = new Menu("root",202,24,"","11","#ffffff","#ffffff","#70907f","#99b0a5","left","middle",3,1,300,1,0,true,true,true,0,true,true); // mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("
","location='../../index.cfm/lev1/835'"); mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("pH Controllers","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=835'"); mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("Flame Arrestors","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=836'"); mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("Industrial Vapor Hose","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=837'"); mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("Pails","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=840'"); mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("Poly Storage Drums","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=838'"); mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("Liquid Storage Totes","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=839'"); mm_menu_15_0.addMenuItem("Poly Drum Pump","location='../../products/?act=pdπd=841'"); mm_menu_15_0.hideOnMouseOut = true; mm_menu_15_0.childMenuIcon = ""; mm_menu_15_0.bgColor = "#dcebe0"; mm_menu_15_0.menuBorder = 1; mm_menu_15_0.menuLiteBgColor = "#70907f"; mm_menu_15_0.menuBorderBgColor = "#dcebe0"; window.mm_menu_16_0 = new Menu("root",202,24,"","11","#ffffff","#ffffff","#70907f","#99b0a5","left","middle",3,1,300,1,0,true,true,true,0,true,true); // mm_menu_16_0.addMenuItem("
Vapor Technologies, Inc. is located just south of Houston, TX within the heart of the biggest petrochemical hub in the world. We have been operating for over 12 years and our professional staff has over 75 years experience in the vapor control, petrochemical and chemical engineering fields. We began by developing one of the most advanced mobile liquid scrubber systems in the country. After only a few years, we had the largest rental fleet in North America. In fact, our systems have been in service at 90% of all major chemical and refinery installations around the country. Today, we have a large array of skid and trailer mounted rental vapor scrubber systems which are able to handle flow rates from 100 to over 6000 CFM.
Our larger mobile units are manufactured from stainless steel; making them ideal for most applications in the field with compatibility issues. Utilizing our extensive chemical background, we have developed a custom line of chemicals designed specifically for the scrubber units which allow for high removal efficiencies. Over the last 12 years we have developed numerous products which neutralize a whole host of odorous and/or hazardous vapors. Some of the include acrylate, mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, SOx, NOx, ammonia, acrylic acid, phenol, hydrocarbons, and many more.
In addition to rental units, Vapor Tech is a manufacturer of skid mounted systems. Unlike most companies, we manufacture units from steel, fiberglass and poly materials. Furthermore, we are able to manufacture not only small lab-scale systems, but very large skid mounted units. Additionally we design and manufacture carbon adsorption systems. Our new NO-VAC systems do not require an on-site vacuum service. They can be filled and emptied on-site in a matter of minutes by the customer.
In addition to vapor scrubber units, Vapor Tech rents and sells blowers, pumps, and flame arrestors. We also build pump systems and are fully knowledgeable with reference to installation and troubleshooting of pH controllers, flow control devices, logic controllers, and more.
Lastly, Vapor Tech is a manufacturer of specialty cleaning chemicals. These are industrial-grade and are very specific. Most are designed to remove tars, resins, and other hard to remove substances.
Our systems are designed to remove hazardous vapors such as hydrocarbons or H2S from the air during a whole host of situations and activities. However, unlike combustive technologies (ex. Thermal oxidixers or IC Engines), our systems do not produce contaminants such as NOx or SOx during the scrubbing or adsorption process. Furthermore, there are many instances where scrubber units are the ideal solution instead of a combustor. For example, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as EDC (ethylene dichloride) produce acid when burned. Not only is this a problem for the machine while burning it but a problem for the air and personnel operating in the area. This is true for other compounds such as chlorine, ammonia and chlorinated solvents. Scrubbers are able to remove the compounds and have zero negative impact on the environment. In these cases, our liquid scrubber units are the only viable solution.
The chemicals used in the scrubber units are also extremely eco friendly. 95% of the chemicals used in our systems are able to go back into a WWTP for bio-remediation. Our oil-based scrubbing solution BIO-SCRUB X is able to absorb hydrocarbons and in most cases be used as a fuel in boilers or other similar systems.
In addition to scrubber systems, Vapor Tech manufactures chemical medias which rapidly speed up bio-degredation of hydrocarbons and oils in soils. Two chemicals when used in conjunction have shown to dramatically reduce TPH levels in soils within a few days. These two compounds (Carbonil XT and Bulldogg) leach out the oils from the soil and then provide an environment for microbial action. These are used primarily in tank batteries which leak or when a spill is encountered. R&A Technology has had great success around the country with these two products. R&A has saved companies hundreds of thousands of dollars in expensive cleanup by using Vapor Techs chemicals to clean up their spills.
In short, Vapor Tech is concerned about the environment. Our goal is to provide mechanical and chemical solutions to reduce negative impact on the environment. Typically, we find our technology to be more cost effective than the alternatives. In the future, we will continue to make every effort to develop new products and technologies which will do more to reduce environmental impact and save our customers money. | 2019-04-22T00:10:09Z | http://www.vapor-tech.net/index.cfm/lev1/2601 |
The Gulf Air (“GF”) Binding Corporate Rules (“the BCRs”) express GF’s commitment to the protection of the Personal Data of GF Customers, Suppliers and Business Partners. Their objective is to provide adequate protection for the transfers and processing of personal data by GF staff and entities.
The BCRs explain how this commitment is implemented by GF throughout its operations. They specifically set out GF’s approach to transfers of Personal Data between offices and divisions of GF’s network and apply to GF’s operations worldwide.
The BCRs are communicated to all GF employees and are published on the external GF website accessible at www.gulfair.com.
The BCRs apply to all Personal Data of employees, customers, suppliers, contractors and other natural persons in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), collected and used by GF.
They specifically set out GF’s approach to transfers of Personal Data between divisions in GF’s network of offices. .
For the privacy rules applicable to GF Employee personal data, please refer to the GF rules for Employee Data on GF’s intranet.
The BCRs enter into force on 25 May 2018 (the “Effective Date”). The GF BCRs supersede all prior GF privacy policies and notices that exist on the Effective Date to the extent they cover the same issues or conflict with the BCRs.
The operation of the BCRs are the responsibility of the Data Protection Officer. If there is a question as to the interpretation, implementation or applicability of the BCRs, GF staff shall seek the advice of the Data Protection Officer prior to conducting any relevant Processing.
For the purposes of compliance with the GDPR, GF has selected the United Kingdom Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) as its Supervisory Authority.
The BCRs implement the obligations created by Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (“General Data Protection Regulation” or “GDPR”).
GF is committed to interpret the terms of the BCRs according to the GDPR and relevant guidance from the European Commission and the ICO.
“Data Protection Officer” means the person appointed by GF to oversee the observance of applicable data laws by Staff (including Processors), and to oversee the implementation of GF’s data compliance policies.
“European Economic Area” means the area of the 28 European Union Member States and Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway where the European Economic Area treaty of 1 January 1994 applies.
“GDPR” means the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (“General Data Protection Regulation”), as such may be amended or modified.
“Sensitive Personal Data” means Personal Data that reveals a Data Subject’s racial or ethnic origin; political opinions or membership of political parties or organisations; religious or philosophical beliefs; membership of a professional or trade organisation or union; physical or mental health or condition, including disabilities; sexual orientation; criminal record; or social security numbers issued by state or public authorities.
“Staff” means all GF employees (including consultants, and temporary or permanent staff) as of the Effective Date, who Process Personal Data as part of their duties or responsibilities using GF data systems or working primarily from GF premises.
3.1 Staff shall take appropriate, commercially reasonable measures to protect Personal Data from misuse or accidental, unlawful or unauthorised destruction, erasure, loss, alteration, modification, disclosure, acquisition or access.
Staff shall have access to Personal Data only to the extent necessary to serve the applicable business purpose and to perform their tasks.
Staff who have access to Personal Data shall meet their confidentiality obligations as specified by their contract and by GF staff guidelines and policies.
4.1 Processing of Personal Data shall be restricted to data that is reasonably adequate for and relevant to the applicable legitimate purpose. It should be accurate, complete and kept up-to-date to the extent reasonably necessary for the applicable Legitimate Purpose.
GF shall take reasonable steps to securely delete or destroy Personal Data that is not required for the applicable Legitimate Purpose.
(d) For as long as necessary in light of any applicable statute of limitations.
(c) It shall be transferred to an Archive (unless this is prohibited by applicable local law or an applicable GF records retention schedule).
4.4The Data Subject shall be required to inform GF if Personal Data they have provided are inaccurate, incomplete or outdated and GF shall rectify the data in accordance with Article 10.
(h) Transactions involving alliances, ventures, mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures.
(d) Internal management, such as Processing necessary to protect the vital interests of the Data Subject or of another natural person.
(e) Processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by GF, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data, in particular where the data subject is a child.
A Data Subject may deny or withdraw Consent at any time. Accordingly, Processing by GF will be discontinued unless GF has taken action that relies on Consent that has previously been given.
If the Data Subject unsubscribes/withdraws consent, GF shall discontinue Processing as soon as is reasonably practical.
6.1 GF shall Process Sensitive Personal Data only to the extent necessary to serve a legitimate purpose as permitted under applicable law.
6.2 In situations when Sensitive Data is Processed based on a legal requirement other than the local law applicable to the Processing, or based on the consent of the Data Subject, Processing will only occur either: (i) Obtaining the prior approval of the Data Protection Officer; or (ii) A privacy sub-policy governing the Processing.
(j) Sensitive Data may only be processed for Secondary Purposes under the conditions set out in Article 7.
7.1 GF shall generally only Process Personal Data for the purposes for which they were originally collected (“Original Purpose”).
7.2 Such data may be Processed for a secondary purpose than the Original Purpose (“Secondary Purpose”) where the Original and Secondary Purposes are closely linked.
7.3 The provisions of this Article apply to the Processing of Sensitive Data for a Secondary Purpose.
(d) Obtaining the Data Subject’s Consent.
8.1 GF shall limit the Processing of Personal Data to such data as is reasonably suitable for and relevant to the applicable legitimate purpose.
(d) Without prejudice to the above, GF may specify a time period for which certain categories of Personal Data will be kept (in an GF notice or GF records retention protocol).
8.3 GF shall take reasonable technical and physical steps safely and securely to delete or destroy Personal Data that is not required or no longer required for the applicable lawful purpose.
9.1 Direct marketing shall be performed by GF only with the consent of the targeted individual.
(c) In every subsequent direct marketing communication that is made to such individuals, offer the opportunity to opt-out of further marketing communication.
9.3 GF shall respect objections to marketing and if the targeted individual objects to receiving marketing communications from GF, or withdraws consent to receive such communications, GF shall cease sending further marketing materials as specifically requested by the individual and shall delete the individual’s Personal Data from its marketing data base (save under the conditions set out in Article 8).
9.4 In appropriate circumstances GF shall explain to the Data Subject the consequences of any decision by the Data Subject to withdraw from a GF scheme, e.g. FalconFlyer. This should include information the consequences of discontinuing membership or participation in a GF scheme, or the Passenger’s entitlement to benefit and similar rewards.
(a) The GF entity responsible for the Processing of the Processed Personal Data.
(b) Information concerning the nature and categories of the Processed Personal Data, the categories of Third Parties to which the Personal Data are disclosed (if any), and on how the Data Subject who provides Personal Data can exercise rights under applicable laws.
(c) Where reasonably available, the source, type, purpose and categories of recipients of the relevant Personal Data.
(d) The Data Subject’s rights to access, rectify, delete or block access to the Personal Data provided and how such rights may be exercised (e.g. by contacting the Data Protection Officer or an appropriate page on the GF website).
(e) The Data Subject’s right to object to the Processing of the Personal Data provided on the basis of compelling grounds related to the individual’s situation and how such a right may be exercised (e.g. by contacting the Data Protection Officer or an appropriate page on the GF website).
(f) The above requirements may be dispensed with, under authorisation from the Data Protection Officer, where: (i) it is impossible to inform the individual; (ii) where this would involve a disproportionate effort; or (iii) the provision of such information would result in disproportionate cost.
(a) The Data Subject exercising the rights referred to in Articles 5 and 6 may be requested to show proof of identity. In the case of a request to rectify, delete, or block, the Data Subject should be requested to specify the reasons why the Personal Data are incorrect, incomplete or not Processed in accordance with applicable law or the BCRs. In all cases, the Data Subject should be requested to specify the type of Personal Data in question and the circumstances under which GF obtained the Personal Data.
(b) The Data Protection Officer shall respond to the Data Subject making requests under 5 and 6 above within one month. The Data Protection Officer shall inform the Data Subject in writing either: (i) of GF’s position with regard to the request or the objection and any action GF has taken or will take in response to the request; or (ii) the ultimate date on which the Data Protection Officer will inform the Data Subject of GF’s position, which date shall be no later than two months thereafter.
(ii)The Data Subject has not received a response as required.
(vi)Is reasonably considered to be an abuse of rights, for instance because of its repetitive character or unreasonable interval since a previous request or objection.
GF may use automated tools to make decisions about Data Subjects but decisions shall not be based solely on the results provided by this process.
(c) Appropriate measures have been taken to safeguard the legitimate interests of the Data Subject (for example, the Data Subject has provided or been given an opportunity to express a view).
12.1 Appropriate and commercially reasonable technical, physical and organisational measures shall be taken by GF to protect Personal Data from its misuse or accidental, unlawful or unauthorised destruction, loss, alteration, disclosure, acquisition or access.
12.2 Staff shall be authorised to access Personal Data only to the extent necessary to serve the applicable legitimate purpose and to perform their tasks as GF employees. Such GF staff shall be subject to appropriate confidentiality obligations as specified by contract and GF policies.
(b) Third Party Data Controllers, namely Third Parties that Process Personal Data and determine the purposes and methods of the Processing (e.g. GF business partners that provide their own goods or services to Customers).
13.2 GF shall transfer Personal Data to a Third Party only to the extent necessary to serve the legitimate purpose for which the Personal Data is Processed (including processing for Secondary Purposes or for purposes for which the Data Subject has provided consent in accordance with Article 5).
13.3 GF shall ensure that Third Party Data Controllers (other than public authorities) can Process Personal Data obtained in connection with their relationship with GF only if such Third Party Data Controllers have a written contract with GF.
13.4 GF shall ensure that the data privacy rights of Data Subjects concerned by such Processing are protected contractually.
13.5 The transfer of business contact information may be made to a Third Party Data Controller without a contract if GF take reasonable steps to ensure that such information will be used by the Third Party Data Controller to contact the Data Subject for legitimate business purposes related to that same Data Subject’s business or interests.
13.6 GF shall not transfer, sell, lease, or offer for hire Business Contact Information in bulk to a Third Party Data Controller without consent except as permitted or required under applicable law and to the extent such transfer, sale, lease, or rent serves a Business Purpose (per Article 5.1).
(f) The Third Party Data Processor shall promptly inform GF of any incident involving Personal Data, including hacking or data breaches concerning the obligations set out by the GDPR.
(j) The individual has consented to such transfer.
(f) The fact that the Personal Data will be transferred to a Non-Adequate territory.
(c) The transfer must be necessary to satisfy a legitimate purpose of GF (per Article 5).
GF shall provide training on the BCRs and other data privacy and data security obligations and best practices to staff who have access to Personal Data or who have responsibilities concerning the management of Personal Data.
(a) Such an audit shall be carried out on a regular basis by the internal GF audit team or an accredited external audit team or on the specific request of the Data Protection Officer.
(b) Such audits shall be performed up to appropriate professional standards of independence, integrity and confidentiality.
(c) The Data Protection Officer shall be informed of the results of the audits and a report submitted to GF senior management.
(d) GF shall ensure that adequate steps are taken to address any shortcomings or breaches of the BCRs identified during the monitoring or auditing of compliance pursuant to this Article.
(e) A copy of the audit results shall be provided to the ICO upon request, which may in turn carry out a data protection audit if required.
(g) GF shall wherever appropriate ensure that adequate steps are taken to address breaches of the BCRs identified during the monitoring or auditing of compliance.
Non-compliance with the BCRs may result in disciplinary action and sanctions including termination of employment.
In a situation where a legal requirement to transfer Personal Data conflicts with the national laws of EEA Member States or other countries with legal requirements regarding cross-border data transfer, any relevant Personal Data transfer shall be authorised in advance by the Data Protection Officer. Where appropriate, guidance shall be requested from the ICO or other competent public authority.
(a) In a situation where there is a conflict between an applicable local law and the BCRs, GF staff must consult with the Data Protection Officer. Appropriate legal advice from local counsel shall be obtained. Where appropriate, guidance shall be requested from the ICO or other competent public authority.
(b) Where local law, including the GDPR and other EU legislation, requires a higher level of protection for personal data it will take precedence over the BCRs.
(c) In all cases, Personal data shall be processed by GF in accordance to the GDPR, any other applicable law or relevant local legislation.
(b) With the Data Protection Officer, who shall conduct an investigation of the complaint and where necessary and advise GF regarding appropriate compliance measures, monitoring such steps until their completion. The Data Protection Officer shall consult with the ICO if appropriate on the measures to be taken.
(b) The ultimate date on which the complainant will be informed of GF’s position, which date shall be no later than a further two (2) weeks thereafter.
Complaints shall only be admissible if the complainant has followed the procedure set out in the BCRs. Any complaints of an individual concerning any right the individual may have under the BCRs shall be directed to GF only and shall exclusively be brought before the ICO in the UK (except in case of jurisdiction of a Data Protection Authority of one of the EEA countries) or the competent court in England and Wales.
Under the BCRs, Data Subjects or other natural persons shall only be entitled to remedies available to them under the UK Data Protection Act as such may be amended or replaced from time to time, English Common Law and English Civil Procedure Rules, which shall include the right to damages. However, GF shall be liable only for direct damages suffered by an individual resulting from a violation of the BCRs.
(a) The BCRs are binding obligations and failure to follow them may result in employee disciplinary action, including termination and other penalties as provided by law.
(b) The Data Protection Officer shall investigate claims of non-compliance to determine if a violation of the BCRs has occurred. If a violation is confirmed, the Data Protection Officer and the relevant concerned GF entity shall work together to address and resolve the violation within a commercially reasonable time.
(i) Obligations towards Data Protection Authorities.
GF customers, contractors and employees shall have the right to claim appropriate compensation from GF before the ICO or courts in accordance with the BCRs and applicable law. The enforcement rights and mechanisms described in this Article are in addition to other remedies or rights provided available under applicable law.
(a) GF entities shall respond diligently and appropriately to requests from the ICO about the BCRs and their compliance with privacy laws and regulations.
(b) If any member of Staff receives such a request from the ICO, he or she should immediately inform the Data Protection Officer, who shall reply to the ICO.
(c) With regard to transfers of Personal Data between GF entities, the importing and exporting GF entities shall cooperate with inquiries and accept audits from the ICO, and respect decisions, consistent with applicable law and due process rights.
(a) GF entities shall cooperate and assist each other when responding to a request or complaint from an individual or an investigation or inquiry by the ICO or other relevant data authority.
(b) GF entities shall abide by the advice of the ICO on any issues regarding the interpretation of the BCRs.
21.1 The BCRs shall only be amended after consultation with the Data Protection Officer. Where applicable, the Data Protection Officer shall obtain the authorisation of the ICO for any relevant changes to the BCRs.
21.2 No transfer of data shall be made to a GF office or division or Staff until the transfer is appropriately covered by the BCRs and relating compliance measures are in operation.
21.3 Any amendment shall only enter into force after it has been approved by the Data Protection Officer and published on the GF website.
21.4 The Data Protection Officer shall be responsible for informing the ICO of significant changes to the BCRs on an annual basis. The Data Protection Officer shall inform the GF Board of the advice, guidance or response of the ICO, if any.
21.5 Any request, complaint or claim involving the BCRs shall be determined by reference to the version of the BCRs that is in force at the time the request, complaint or claim is made. | 2019-04-24T08:43:19Z | https://www.gulfair.com/transparency/binding-corporate-rules |
With all the national media just itching to find a weakness in the ranks of the 306 Presidential Electors pledged to Donald Trump, Oklahoma's 7 Electors are having none of it. Several of them are now posting to their social media profiles that Trump will get their full and resolute support.
The electors and alternates are expected to meet at the Oklahoma State Capitol on Dec. 19th.
Sunday night I reached out to George Wiland. George is a member of the Tulsa County Election Board, but more importantly, he was nominated by his fellow Republicans to be a Republican Presidential Elector. George had also served as an Elector to the 2000 Presidential race. George is solidly supportive of the Trump/Pence ticket and has been an Oklahoma Republican since the 1980s.
The two extremes of the drug debate are destroying Oklahoma. Not just culturally, but economically. The people of the Sooner state need to disregard the loud noise coming from both ditches, as we navigate out of the dire predicament our state finds herself in.
The prosecutor/law enforcement industry loves the power to go after hippy types with the authority that our 1960s teetotaler voter base gave them. That power only grew over the next six decades. We now have pirates acting as cops and taking people's wallets, cars, and even their homes; using the abusive 'civil asset forfeiture' excuses.
The hippy types have responded in an equally extremist fashion; claiming liberties regardless of the threats posed to public safety and child exploitation. Some of them mask their libertine lifestyles in lofty libertarian quotes.
In reading up on the issue, I found a rather wise dissertation from the comments section of an 8 year old blog post.
"The alt-right is nothing more than a category of memes, consumed seriously by a few neckbeards in basements and enjoyed ironically by a few others.
The alt-right is not an organized ideology, or movement. It is a label, slapped on to anyone with racist or nationalistic tendencies, only to advance a certain “progressive” political agenda which only flourishes if it has those tendencies to combat.
Racism does still exist. But we cannot say that it exists politically, or meaningfully in any sense other than the rantings of rednecks; hardly politically powerful.
Trump did not win because of racism. There was very little that was actually racist about his program, all of the perceived racism as projected by others who were being little over-dramatic. No, he won because he seemed to offer solid economic solutions to a country which has not sufficiently recovered. The “recovery” we have had has not really been much of a recovery in most respects, but rather a normalization: we’ve just become accustomed."
The Alt Right is Nothing.
Read Alex Allen's full article at Alex Allen's Big Blog of Justice and Freedom.
Alleged conspirator, Fount Holland, cofounder of AH Strategies.
The Oklahoman is reporting that Republican super PACs are no longer working with Fount Holland, now that he is charged with serious felony conspiracy to help defeat a Republican incumbent using liberal labor union money.
Several candidates & elected officials may also be quietly preparing to make similar moves, to protect themselves from similar allegations.
The charges draw a narrative of illegal conspiracy to coordinate a candidate's efforts with a 'dark money' group. Joy Hofmeister decided to run as a Republican & seek to oust Republican State Superintendent Janet Barresi. Hofmeister was a political novice from the Jenks School Board. Democrats strongly supported her and gave massive amounts to both her campaign and the conspiring dark money group.
As the Transition team enters their 4th week of meetings, the massive staffing project continues to top the media buzz list of speculations.
Of the hundreds of upper level slots in the new administration, four Okies are in consideration for some roles on the Trump executive team.
Rep. Jim Bridenstine of the 1st district of Oklahoma's congressional delegation is rumored for two specific possible appointments. He was rumored to be considered for NASA Administrator or Secretary of the Air Force. Bridenstine is also a former director of Tulsa's Air & Space Museum. Insiders believe Bridenstine would prefer that duty because space exploration has been a passion of Jim's.
Gov. Fallin met with Trump earlier this week about a possible Interior Secretary role in the Trump cabinet.
Matt Pinnell is Oklahoma's former Republican Party Chairman. He spent the last 3 years working on Reince Priebus' RNC leadership team, as Director Of State Republican Parties. Last spring Pinnell was speculated to be the overwelming favorite of the members of the RNC membership (who officially make the decision by committee vote, but typically defer to the party's President-elect o make the decision).
Dr. Everett Piper appeared last night on Fox News’ Special Report with Bret Baier, discussing recent college protests and the idea that the troubles we see on campuses nationwide is a result of the ideas our culture has been teaching our students.
Dr. Everett Piper: "College students are being force fed ideological carcinogens, which is leading to their election results meltdown"
Talking Points: This is Not a Daycare, It’s a University!
Marven Goodman: Free the OKGOP!
I just attended my first Oklahoma Republican Party State Committee Meeting in OKC. As an invited guest I was a bit guarded at first but after I notice we were sitting in a group with quite a few Liberty Republicans I began to relax a bit. The meeting was held at a local church and there was no charge to the Party for using the venue which is in the tradition of being thrifty with other people’s money, it’s a Republican thing. It was interesting that this church allowed handguns so those licensed by the state could carry while attending, including the Pastor who openly carried. All in all it was a good location to conduct a political event attended by well over 100 people.
The first part of the meeting was the typical business meeting with reports & remarks from the chair, vice chair, national committeewoman, national committeeman, treasures report, and then the chair again to discuss other topics; but more on that later.
I found the treasurers report and the discussion that followed to be one of the more interesting of the business meeting topics. It seems the OKGOP has been literally living off credit cards and accumulating lots and lots of unsecured debt over the past years. This is not a Republican thing; we are supposed to live within our means, balanced budget and all.
Commissioner Marven Goodman serves Logan County as a Republican on the County Commission. His family lives in the Guthrie area. He also leads the Oklahoma Republican Liberty Caucus.
Public School Administrators will NOT ALLOW teachers to be satisfied. They need them to stay hungry so they'll keep picketing the capitol and get the administrators more money.
Now if we're going to point out underpaid teachers, let's look at the dedicated educators at our church schools where families pay about 60 cents on the dollar (compared to govt. funded schools). Schools like Bishop Kelley, Lincoln Christian, Cascia Hall, and Wright Christian Academy. Somehow the privately funded schools find a way to keep administrative costs reasonable and academics high.
Oklahoma Watch just released a great spreadsheet on Oklahoma Teacher pay. Yet it only tells part of the story. No other regional state pays so much into teacher retirement benefits.
Last night vp-elect, Mike Pence, decided to enjoy a night out on the town, while in NYC. But the broadway cast of Hamilton decided to unload their phobic hatred, rather than demonstrating the wonderful diversity of the proud city.
At the close of the performance, they all stood downstage while their star, Victor Dixon; spewed his bigoted hates and fears of anything not far left liberal.
"We are alarmed and anxious that you will not protect us, our planet, and our parents..."
Victor Dixon has parlayed his staring role into a platform for his various east coast liberal rants. But even the shows producers are a part of the effort. White actors are banned from auditioning for roles in the production, according to Fox News.
Hillary Clinton spreads this same bigotry in her Deplorables speech. Her dark money teams openly invited, and even paid people to disrupt campaign rallies. After the election, they continue to organize bigoted mobs to disrupt cities with their whining fears and torrents of hissy fits.
The fake Cherokee from Oklahoma, Elizabeth Warren; is a prime lecturer for the alt-left bigots. This is not new or novel for the east coast left. They are long known for their bigotry of the rural white segment of the US.
The simple fact is that they fear conservative leaders in the same ignorance that some southern whites feared an empowered black community 150 years ago. Neither Hillary Clinton nor Barack Obama will say a word for social order and tolerance. Obama openly encouraged the phobic hysteria this week.
In 2008, The Philadelphia organization of the "New Black Panthers" stationed armed sentries outside of neighborhood voting stations.
The FBI had vigorously investigated the group and charged them with voter harassment, but when the members were set to plead guilty, Attorney General, Eric Holder, of the Obama Administration, dropped all charges and left the crime unpunished because the defendants were black; according to Fox News sources.
A mother of a 7 year old recorded herself kicking her sobbing child out of the home and chasing him down the street for casting a Trump vote in the elementary school mock election. We must warn you that the video is extremely traumatizing. But it is beyond comprehension for most of us, to feel how the young boy or his little brother must have felt at the time.
Fortunately the boy is in the custody of the county child services and the mother faces serious consequences for her hideous tormenting of the boy.
NBC, perhaps the most openly bigoted network; mocks and derides rural white America on a regular basis. Their Saturday Night Live cast used to have a regular skit called America Undercover: Appalachian Emergency Room where mostly white idiots would seek medical attention for the most ignorant and stupid situations.
The most pathetically bigoted expressions come from the production team who still refer to the characters with the web descriptions like; "white trash".
Is there a socially-acceptible description of "black trash"? Or "brown trash", "red trash", or "yellow trash"?
Tori Sanders: Hate Didn't Elect Trump, People did.
Journalists are now reporting that Trump won because rural America voted for him in droves. I see a lot of journalists reporting about the what, the who, and the how of this election, but not many are tackling the why.
I do not at all feel qualified enough to discuss the why of this, but I don’t see anybody bringing up the astounding poverty found in rural America and that the desperation found in these areas is what prompted the rise of Donald Trump. Perhaps this will inspire more intelligent people than I to look into this more deeply.
My name is Tori and I am a college student at a small Christian university. I have grown up in a Christian home and am so blessed to be able to proudly announce that I am a firm follower of Jesus Christ.
My blog (Tori's Thought Bubble) is an inventory of sorts to collect and store my various opinions as I try to figure out the world and God’s place for me.
Today, I picked up the entertainment tabloid The Voice which took the place of Urban Tulsa after UT folded some years ago. The Voice is a publication of Langdon Publishing who publish Tulsa [Rich] People magazine. It is a magazine for, by, and about the elite of Tulsa. While it is called Tulsa People the Tulsa people who live east of Harvard, north of Admiral, and west of the Arkansas River are never seen in its pages. The Voice, is a publication for, by, and about millennial snowflakes.
This issue of The Voice was full of lamentations about the election of Donald Trump. Barry Friedman, who never seemed to like it here much, was writing about how backward and awful the majority of Oklahoma voters were in picking Trump and what an awful place Oklahoma is. Several years ago I read Barry's autobiography about his life as a stand up comedian. Hey Barry, you are from New York -move back home! That state has lots of progressives (liberals) like yourself, and they are in charge! Go ahead, pay two to three times what you pay here – for everything! Frankly Barry, you're a bore.
I voted for Gary Johnson for President. He was not my ideal candidate, but I think he was the most qualified having been a reasonably, successful two-term governor of New Mexico. And anyone who can convince folks twice to let him live in a mansion in Santa Fe , rent free, must be pretty clever. Since we have an electoral college system, and therefore 50 state elections, I could vote my conscience. If you voted for Trump and don't want to read any further let me leave you with this – I'm not here for you to agree with everything I write. I am a truth teller and therefore an equal opportunity offender. Having written that, I am relieved Hillary will not be president and am prepared to support this new president even though I have misgivings about him.
Dr. Everett Piper, President of Oklahoma Wesleyan University, was asked to explain the Millennial Generation’s cry for “safe spaces,” their demands for “trigger warnings,” their repudiation of “micro-aggressions,” and now even their insistence that the results of this country’s presidential election be reversed, because they, our privileged progeny, don’t like it.
" My response in brief: Why would you expect anything different?
This is what you get when you send your kids off to colleges and universities that teach politically correct pablum rather than the time-tested truths of a free people and civil society. This is what you get when you entrust your sons and daughters to sit under the tutelage of faculty who proudly pan a Judeo-Christian ethic and praise its antithesis. This is what you get after years of teaching our next generation “it doesn’t matter what you believe as long as it works for you.” This is what you get when you tell our youth that there is a “moral equivalency” between America and its enemies, and imply our nation is bad and the rest of the world is right to hate us.
This is what you get after years of instructing our students to laugh at those who warn of the loss of individual freedom and the rise of government largesse. This is what you get after instructing an entire generation that Marxism has its merits and that liberation theology is the only “good religion,” that socialism is better than free enterprise and that capitalism is the cause of crime. This is what you get when you foment class resentment and racial animus. This is what you get when you diminish excellence while extolling entitlement.
This is what you get when you trust your sons and daughters to professors who tell them their pastors and priests are stupid and that it’s more important to learn how to use a condom than it is to obey God’s commandments. This is what you get when you spend tens of thousands of dollars a year to enroll your kids in institutions that vaunt moral nihilism while vilifying their parents’ morals."
Read Dr. Piper's full article at his Talking Points blog site.
Gov. Mary Fallin said Friday she plans to move forward with criminal justice reform after voters approved a state question that will reduce the penalties for some violent crimes.
Fallin said in a press release. “This historic vote reflects a fundamental change in the way our state understands and treats drug addiction, a disease that has destroyed too many of our families.
Wednesday morning the newly elected members of the House of Representatives will meet to begin their next term in the next legislative body. It would be instructive for engaged citizens to familiarize themselves with the House Rules.
Among the orders of business are leadership nominations for each party. For this process, the members will enter into caucus meetings.
Last Spring John Bennett competed for the post of Speaker, but Charles McCall prevailed. Many old faces have left office and the new House legislative body will have dozens of new faces.
The Wednesday voting is not usually public record, but the details usually slip out and folks usually get some indication of who voted for whom. Constituents are CERTAINLY within their rights to ask their Representatives how they voted. Your elected official serves you and votes on your behalf. You are free to withhold future support from your representative if he refuses to be accountable to you.
Is Matt Pinnell The Next RNC Chair?
Matt Pinnell, the young mastermind of party strategy, leadership, and message marketing.
The former ORU student who got inspired by reading Michael Bates' 'Batesline' blog.
This man is at a point of prominence and preparation for perhaps the biggest calling of his life.
Media outlets in Washington and around the nation are loudly rumoring that he is on a short list for replacing Reince Priebus as the RNC Chairman.
For the past couple years, Pinnell has been the RNC's point man on state party issues and structure. He has gained the trust of so many state chairmen because of his commitment to make them successful in their duties.
Pinnell has his detractors here in Oklahoma. The 2012 Ron Paul campaign walked out of the 2012 convention at the end and held their own state convention in the parking lot. | 2019-04-19T05:07:12Z | https://www.soonerpolitics.org/editorial/archives/11-2016 |
Life is too short to wash dishes by hand, why not use the time for something productive and let the best dishwashers clean all the dishes for you.
If you are looking for a new dishwasher in the market, the process can be an intimidating one; especially if you are buying one for the first time.
The moment you step into a store or browse for them on the internet, you will be given so many options to choose from that will be different, and at the same time, they will have similarities.
With that said, if you are the first timer, then you are certainly going to have a hard time finding the best possible dishwasher for you, then this buying guide is going to help you pick the best viable option.
We have already reviewed the best dishwashers in this article, and this buying guide is just there to help make things easier.
Below, you will find some of the best dishwashers of 2019 that we have rounded up and reviewed for you. In addition to that, if you think you might have some issues buying the best possible dishwasher for you, we have a very handy buyer’s guide for you.
Does not need any tools.
Dishes come out without any streaks.
The dishwasher of the future. Economic, environmentally concious, and beautiful.
hOmeLabs is another company famous for their kitchen expertise and have been for a long time now. Since we were reviewing the best dishwashers; we thought we should look at what hOmeLabs has to offer.
We are reviewing the hOmeLabs Compact Countertop Dishwasher; it is a portable, mini dishwasher that is small enough to comfortably sit on the countertop without any issues whatsoever.
Additionally, it is pretty cohesive in design as well, so it will not make your kitchen look odd or anything even remotely close to that.
As far as the features are concerned, all the dishwashers that we are reviewing are pretty good with features.
User-Friendly: Over time, I have heard a lot of people talk to me about how dishwashers are becoming more and more difficult to use. However, the good news about the hOmeLabs Compact Countertop Dishwasher is that it is user-friendly.
Tool-Less Design: Another great thing about this particular dishwasher is its tool-less Everything is based on quick assembly, and disassembly, making the whole experience great.
Small Form Factor: Small kitchens are still a thing, and if your kitchen is on the smaller side, this dishwasher will fit perfectly fine in your kitchen.
What makes hOmeLabs the # 1 best seller in Countertop Dishwashers ?
I have reviewed many dishwashers, and I can tell you when a dishwasher is good and when it is not.
Using the hOmeLabs Compact Countertop Dishwasher has been a treat, it is user-friendly, super convenient for quick cleaning, and it comes with a plethora of accessories of its own.
The dishwasher is lightweight and easy to move, has a nice sturdy nylon rack and most importantly it’s incredibly quiet.
The digital display offers different cycles for running your dishes and they all work wonderfully.
Additionally, if you are worried about streaks on your dishes, then the good news is that the hOmeLabs Compact Countertop Dishwasher offers streak-free cleaning, which is great because a lot of people have shown concerns over this issue beforehand.
With that out of the way, there are no glaring issues with the hOmeLabs Compact Countertop Dishwasher.
It is a pretty complete dishwasher, but it lacks in one area, dishes do not come out dry.
But it’s not a big deal at all, to counter this issue you can simply open the door, and the dishes dry very quickly.
It fits a decent amount of dishes, great for one or two people to use. Definitely not for larger families.
Why are you still reading? Buy the thing!
Easy to set-up, fits in small space.
Dishes do not come out dry.
Users can choose from six place settings.
You can choose from six different wash cycles.
Comes with a durable exterior and interior construction.
Has a separate basket for silverware, and a dedicated dish rack.
The dishwasher we are going to review comes from a company called SPT. Despite having a generic, confusion name.
The good news is that the company has been around for a long time, and have been providing some great lifestyle products to their users.
With that said, the model we are reviewing is the famous SPT SD-2201W Countertop Dishwasher. I love the countertop dishwashers because they can easily fit on most counters, and additionally, they are compact as well, and still manage to deliver a lot of power.
The SPT SD-2201W that we have comes in white color and looks great with almost every interior. However, if you do want a different color option, the company does sell a silver color as well that should be more than enough for you.
Size: The good news about the SPT SD-2201W is that it is a full sized dishwasher, meaning that you will not run into any issues as far as the size is concerned. A lot of people have voiced this before, but I can assure you that you will not run into any issues with the size.
High Water Temperature: Another great thing about the SPT SD-2201W is that it reaches a maximum water temperature of 148 degrees Fahrenheit, which is pretty great for cleaning dishes with a lot of oily residue on them.
Can Connect to Aerator Openings: The dishwasher does come with an adapter that allows you to connect it to the aerator openings.
Easy to Use: The great thing about the SPT SD-2201W is that it happens to be one of the easiest to control.
Those are some of the highlights of the SPT SD-2201W dishwasher; additionally, the great thing is that it comes with a stainless steel interior which is great because you will not have to worry about rust or any corrosion.
You also get multiple wash cycles; a feature that is great when you thoroughly want to clean the dishes and does not create any issues whatsoever either.
Lastly, one of my favorite things about the SPT SD-2201W is the fact that it can raise the water temperature to 148 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature is best in situations when there is too much grease on the plates.
The only two gripes I have with the dishwasher is the fact that it is a bit louder, and additionally, the dry cycle is on the weaker side.
It’s perfect for apartments, office kitchens or any small-sized kitchens; offers full-size power in a compact design. With a height of only 17.24-inch, this dishwasher will fit between most countertop and cabinetry.
In short, this is a beautiful countertop dishwasher, the value/functionality for the price, and the size and I would say it’s worth every penny!
Perfect for two person households.
Does not require fancy/new plumbing.
Not the best choice for more than two people, if you only want to run it once a day (or less).
Six place setting in a small package.
Quiet operations at just 52 decibels.
Compact enough to fit under a cabinet.
Digital controls with dedicated LED display.
Six wash cycles for granular cleaning controls.
Next up, we are going to take a look at another excellent countertop dishwasher by the name Danby DDW621WDB.
I know these dishwashers have odd names, but that is how things work with these companies. Is the Danby DDW621WDB a worthy dishwasher to be on the list? Let’s find out.
The thing with most dishwashers in the market is that they are so similar to each other, it becomes a chore to distinguish them from one or the other.
As far as the Danby DDW621WDB, it does come with some features that make it stand apart, but aside from that, almost all of it is mostly the same.
Electronic Controls: While most of the dishwashers in the market are still using analog controls, the Danby DDW621WDB comes with electronic controls coupled with an LED screen for easier access.
Reduced Water Consumption: If you are worried dishwasher consuming too much water, then the good news is that the Danby DDW621WDB comes with reduced water consumption.
Stainless Steel Interior: I know it might be surprising to some of you as to how something like this can be a feature, but if you have used a steel interior before, you know that rust can be a huge issue.
Detergent Support: If you want to ensure that your dishes are clean properly, then the good thing is that this dishwasher also supports detergent for maximum cleaning potential.
Although you do get a lot of other features as well, the main highlights have been listed above. Additionally, I have to say that my time with the Danby DDW621WDB was an absolute treat.
I mean, I have used dishwashers that had some major flaws, and comparatively, the Danby DDW621W is much better.
However, that is not to say that there are no issues at all. During my use, I realized that there is no wash timer available on this dishwasher and this is odd considering how the dishwasher is packed with features.
Additionally, another thing that I would like to address here is that you might need to rinse the dishes just a little bit before putting them into the dishwasher, this can be an inconvenience for a lot of people.
What sets this model apart from other high range dishwashers?
If you are looking for a quality dishwasher for an inexpensive price, look no further. The inside is stainless steel with plastic coated metal wire trays that seem very high quality.
Cleaning quality is on par with $4-500 price range standard dishwashers.
The water consumption is on the lower side.
This is the only model with a heater built in.
You can use all the detergents without any issue.
The electronic controls and LED display are a blessing.
You might have to rinse some dishes.
Comes with a time delay feature.
Solid interior made out of stainless steel.
Connect it with ease using the included faucet adapter.
You can adjust the upper rack to put larger plates or pots.
Has six different washing programs for proper control over cleaning.
SPT is back with another fantastic dishwasher offering that is going to be the grace of our list. SPT as a brand has been pretty consistent, and I love that about them.
With that said, the SPT SD-9241SS is a great dishwasher, mainly because it is the smallest that I have reviewed so far.
Do not let the size fool you though; it still comes with a great capacity that should make it fit for any small household.
This dishwasher also happens to be one of the less boring options available in the market, thanks to the black and silver color.
Not to forget, this dishwasher comes with small wheels on the bottom that will allow you to move it around.
Time Delay: For a lot of people, this feature is an absolute treat because they do not have to worry about selecting a time.
Multiple Washing Programs: If you are worried that you might not get the ideal results because of heavier dishes, don’t worry as the multiple washing programs should be enough.
Stainless Steel Interior: SPT did not cut any corners, and included a great stainless steel interior to avoid any damage.
Extremely Portable: Probably the biggest selling points of this dishwasher is the fact that it is incredibly portable, and can easily be moved around thanks to the wheels attached below.
As far as the downsides are concerned, I did not find any major or minor flaws. However, I must tell you that the dishwasher does not dry dishes.
Now it would have been an issue for a larger dishwasher, but considering the size of the SD-9241SS, it is more than understandable.
You need to dry the dishes afterward, which I believe is perfectly fine if you have some time.
Why SPT SD-9241SS is the best and portable dishwasher?
I have used some great SPT SD-9241SS dishwashers, but I have to tell you that as far as the portability is concerned, it is hard to beat the SD-9241SS.
In conclusion, I love the SPT SD-9241SS simply because it is so small, and not just that, it does come with a list of features that people usually look for in a dishwasher.
Small and portable, with wheels at the bottom.
Can use detergents without any issue whatsoever.
Due to a small size, the dishwasher does not dry dishes.
Can hold larger plates with ease.
Low noise level of just 52.3 decibels.
Comes with stainless steel construction.
Offers 7 wash cycles with 6 place setting.
Has separate compartments for dishes, cusk, as well as cutlery.
EdgeStar is a company that has been around for some time. They are known for producing some great appliances that people have been using for some time, and the best part is that they are packed with just the right amount of features to have people stick around.
Today, we look at the EdgeStar DWP62SV 6; their countertop dishwasher that is small, easy to use, and most importantly, very efficient.
Usually, when people are buying a good dishwasher, they do look for features as you would see in our buying guide at the end of the article.
Built-in Water Heater: One of the best features of this dishwasher is the built-in water heater. Great for cleaning dishes with oily residue, harder to remove stains.
Child Lock: If you are worried that children might tinker with the dishwasher, then there is a child lock that you can use to prevent that from happening.
Digital Controls: You get granular digital controls with an LED display that is easy to read.
Dish Dryer: The EdgeStar DWP62SV 6 comes with internal dish drying capabilities that ease up the job by a greater degree.
Compact: Another great thing about the EdgeStar DWP62SV 6 is that it is one of the most compact dishwashers available. Very easy to carry around as well.
Honestly, there are so many likable factors about the EdgeStar DWP62SV 6 that you would almost overlook the flaws if any.
The 5-foot long hose, the LED display, along with the water heater, and not to mention, a good design are just some of the great things about this dishwasher.
Not to mention, for those with kids who like to tinker with everything, there is a child lock available on the dishwasher that will prevent that from happening.
Holds a decent amount for the size.
The internal water heater is great.
Digital controls and an easy to read LED display.
Take up a lot of counter space .
The interior is stainless steel.
Digital controls, with a display.
Comes with a delay start feature.
Has a handy dispenser for detergent and rinse aid.
You can remove the filters and clean them with ease.
Comes with all the indicators for proper understanding.
Magic Chef is a company who has been serving loyal customers for some time now. The good thing about them is that they are constantly trying to improve on what they are offering, and not just that, they are bringing some significant improvements.
Today, we look at the Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 6. A 6 place setting countertop dishwasher that has been making some waves in the home appliance market.
Now the good thing about this dishwasher is that it is incredibly easy to use with no complexities.
With that out of the way, there are enough features to keep everyone occupied, and provide a great user experience as well.
Easy to Maintain: The good thing about Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 6 is that it is easy to clean; the filters can easily be removed.
6 Place Settings: Just like any standard, high-end dishwasher, this one comes with a standard six place setting that should be more than enough for day to day use.
Drying System: I believe that a dishwasher with a drying system is the one that I would consider complete. Thankfully, the Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 6 does come with one.
Digital Controls and a Display: Most older dishwashers do not come with this feature, but the Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 6 has digital controls coupled with a good Led display that is clear to read.
Above are some of the features about the Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 6 that I love. Additionally, you should know that the dishwasher is extremely compact and portable.
During my testing, I also revealed that this is perhaps one of the most potent dishwashers available in the market.
If you are worried that it might be a bit difficult to use, do not worry as the Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 6 comes with a comprehensive, yet easy to understand manual that should be enough to get the job done.
There is one minor inconvenience that might bug some people; during my usage, I found out that the tub itself is not big enough for holding pans and pots. This might not be that big of an issue for some, but still, an important thing to point out.
The Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 6 is a pretty fantastic dishwasher that should get the job done for most of the people looking for a good experience.
Comes with five wash cycles.
Modern design that looks great.
Much larger on the inside than you would expect.
Great performance regardless of the utensil types.
The tub is not big enough for pots and pans.
Comes with six different wash options.
Has an automatic detergent and rinse aid dispenser.
The upper basket can be adjusted to put larger dishes.
You can install it quickly and easily with faucet dispenser.
If you are wondering why SPT is such a famous company, there are all the right reasons behind that. For starters, they have a great range of dishwashers, and while people do think that most dishwashers are mostly the same, that is not entirely the case, and you can see that with SPT SD-9241W.
The SPT SD-9241W is an 18-inch dishwasher, which means that it is on the smaller side as compared to some of the counterparts. This is not a bad thing at all, as I have reviewed some of the best dishwashers that have been on the smaller side.
Time Delay: This is perhaps a standard for the majority of dishwashers available in the market. The SPT SD-9241W uses a time delay feature that will allow you to adjust the time on your dishwasher.
Adjustable Racks: Have larger than usual dishes that need more space? Do not worry as this dishwasher comes with adjustable racks that are there to help you put larger pans and pots into the dishwasher.
Quick and Simple Installation: If you are worried that you might spend a lot of time installing the dishwasher, do not be, as it comes with adapters that are quick, simple, and easy to attach without much hassle.
For starters, the connection that leads from drain to the faucet is on the smaller side, meaning that you will have to put the dishwasher closer.
The SPT SD-9241W is excellent when it comes to installing as it is small and lightweight. You get six wash cycles that has become a standard for great dishwashers.
One thing that I love about this dishwasher is the fact that it is very quiet when it comes to operating. It’s pretty fast when it comes to cleaning, providing you clean utensils in no time.
In conclusion, the SPT SD-9241W is a great, compact dishwasher that gets the job done for the majority of users.
Can easily fit in tight spaces.
Easy to move around without any issues.
The faucet to drain connection is on the smaller side.
The space on the lower rack is on the smaller side.
Has a 4 level washing mechanism.
Quiet operations at just 59 decibels.
The interior is made out of high-quality stainless steel.
Although we are closing into the last of the list, we still have some impressive products to look at. Just take a look at a company that is named Frigidaire; this is one of the best companies when it comes to home appliances and reviewing their dishwasher should be a treat.
The model we are looking at right now is Frigidaire FFBD1821MS; a small and compact, 18-inch model that is built for people who want to move the dishwasher from one place to another easily. Additionally, the Frigidaire FFBD1821MS is a lot easier to use.
Different Cleaning Methods: Whether you are washing utensils that need extra cleaning, or the ones that need light amount of cleaning; the Frigidaire FFBD1821MS comes with different cleaning methods.
Removable Filter: Another redeeming feature of the Frigidaire FFBD1821MS is that it comes with a removable filter that you can quickly clean and without any issue.
Portable: Thanks to its small size, the great thing about Frigidaire FFBD1821MS is that it is extremely easy to carry. So much so that you can easily place it anywhere, you want without any issues.
There are some issues though; due to the small size of the dishwasher, if you have a larger family, or you use more utensils than usual, you might need a bigger option.
Additionally, despite being relatively small, it is on the heavier side because of the interior and exterior being made out of stainless steel and not just plastic.
Testing the Frigidaire FFBD1821MS has been an absolute joy, for starters, it fits without any issue in smaller kitchens.
The interior and exterior of the dishwasher are made out of high-quality material, ensuring that there is no corrosion or rusting.
I also noticed that the Frigidaire FFBD1821MS is very quiet, and only lets out a beep once the cleaning is done.
Speaking of cleaning, it is fast and efficient and does leave any dirty spots on the utensils. You also have a feature that delays the start, something that is becoming more and more important.
May be pricey for some users.
Compact dishwasher for tight spaces.
Comes with eight placement settings.
Has a full set of controls for easier access.
Six wash cycles allow you to wash the dishes with ease.
We are gradually moving towards the end of the list, and there are still some fantastic dishwashers left to review. This is great because this way, we can give the readers more option to check out.
As for right now, the EdgeStar is making a return with the EdgeStar BIDW1801SS. Now for those who do not know, the previous EdgeStar dishwasher that I reviewed was a full size.
Large Capacity: Do not let the small size fool you as the EdgeStar BIDW1801SS comes with eight place setting as compared to the six place setting that is more common.
Number of Wash Cycles: You also get a total of 6 wash cycles based on what type of utensils you are trying to wash.
Enough Place: The dishwasher comes with two pull out racks for dishes, a basket for silverware, as well as a tray for cups.
Aside from the view features that we have listed above, there are a lot of good things about the EdgeStar BIDW1801SS.
For starters, the lightweight of the dishwasher makes it easy to carry around and store in whatever place you want.
Additionally, it is cost effective thanks to premium construction and quality materials. You will not need to replace the machine in the future. It is also really easy to use for those wondering.
There is no denying that this machine is an absolute champion when it comes to great performance, and more importantly, it offers a great price to performance ratio.
There are some things about this dishwasher that are not good. For starters, despite the small size, the machine is not movable at all. Which means that once you do install it, there is no way to easily move it around without disconnecting it.
Additionally, users who are looking to buy this machine will have to buy the dishwasher’s connection kit separately. This is a major let down considering how you are paying a good price for the machine, so you would expect it to have the best possible features, but it is sadly a letdown.
All in all, the EdgeStar BIDW1801SS is a great dishwasher that is marred by some minor inconvenience that can be a problem for most of the buyers.
However, let’s not forget that it Is still a very capable dishwasher that is well worth your money.
You will have to buy the dishwasher’s connection kit separately.
It is great for smaller kitchens.
The dishwasher is easy to install.
The controls are easy to understand.
You can use it without having much knowledge.
Solid build quality with a great interior made out of solid stainless steel.
We are about done with the list, with the last dishwasher being from a company called DELLA. Now I know that it might sound strange to some, but the company has been producing some great products for the customers, and so far, has not disappointed anyone.
Today, we look at the DELLA 032-DW-909WT. I know the name is long and possibly a challenge to remember, but we do have links for all the products we are reviewing. This makes things easier for people to just shop through this round up.
Available in Three Colours: I know this is not a feature per say, but so many people have complained about how dishwashers are usually limited in colours. The DELLA 032-DW-909WT comes in white, silver, and black for the best possible choosing experience.
Great for Small Kitchens: Thanks to its compact design, you can easily place it in a smaller kitchen and forget about space issues.
User Friendly Controls: Although the controls are still analogue, the good thing about the DELLA 032-DW-909WT is that the controls are user friendly, and easily identifiable.
To be honest, from the face alone, the DELLA 032-DW-909WT looks like a very simple dishwasher, and the one that does not have a lot of standout features.
That might be true as well, especially when you consider the fact that dishwashers are slowly modernizing.
But if one thing is for sure, then it is the fact that when it comes to sheer performance, the DELLA 032-DW-909WT is not easy to beat.
As a matter of fact, it contains every single feature that people normally look for in a reliable dishwasher.
In conclusion, the DELLA 032-DW-909WT is a great option for those who are looking for an extremely practical dishwasher, but don’t mind a few setbacks.
Cleans dishes without any issue.
One of the biggest factors that you should be considering is the cleaning power of a dishwasher. Now the main thing that you need to know here is that the cleaning power of a dishwasher does not exponentially grow with the price of the dishwasher.
You can see it clearly in our reviews that there are cheaper dishwashers that scored better in terms of cleaning as compared to some of the higher end ones.
Therefore, yes, as far as the cleaning power is concerned, the best way to determine is by going through our reviews rather than telling yourself that if you spend more money, the dishwasher you are going to buy will be more powerful.
Since the cleaning power is not price dependent, it also serves as good news, and it simply means that you will not have to spend a lot of money finding a dishwasher that has the best cleaning power.
While the cleaning power of a dishwasher never directly correlates with the price; the noise level does. For anyone who is looking for a whisper quiet dishwasher, be prepared to spend more than you would on a cheaper dishwasher.
However, there is a silver lining here, which means that the newer, entry level dishwashers are often quieter as compared to the ones that we have been used to.
PRO TIP: The quietest dishwasher in our list is Magic Chef MCSCD6W5 as it operates quietly at 52 decibels to avoid disrupting other areas.
To make things easier, we have made sure to mention the sound level of all the dishwashers we have reviewed, this will help you make the best possible purchase.
In addition to that, you can also hit up the manufacturer’s website for the specific model, and check out the noise level of the specific dishwasher you are thinking of buying. The process is that easy.
The lower end models that are available in the market have a sound rating in the 50-decibel range. These models cost between $400 to $500. Now the thing is that 50-decibel is not loud, to begin with, you can easily have a conversation in the room even when the dishwasher is on, and if you happen to have a sleeping baby nearby, we can assure you that there will not be any sleep disturbance.
If you, your family, and friends have a habit of talking in the kitchen while doing the chores, then investing in a mid-range model would make more sense because, with this range, you will not have to worry about a lot of noise.
The mid-range models run for around $600 and go all the way to $900, and as far as the sound rating is concerned, you get the 40-decibel sound range that you need to keep in mind.
If you want an even better experience with the dishwasher, and you are looking for something that does not make a lot of noise, then the higher end options are even better. Sure, these cost you around $800 to $900 for the models that have a sound rating in their lower 40s, and if you cross into the 4-digit price range, then you can find models that have a sound rating in the high 30s.
Indeed impressive, but they do come with a price tag.
The cycles and speed is another important factor that needs to be put into consideration whenever you are buying a dishwasher.
Regular/Standard: This type of cycle is perhaps the most common one when it comes to dishwashers; it is used for a full load of dishes that are moderately dirty. For our reviews, we used this cycle to determine the power, as well as the sound rating of the dishwashers.
Express: This is most commonly used in situations where you do not have a lot of dishes that require cleaning, or when the dishes are not as dirty.
Auto: This is the best if you want to let the dishwasher do the work by using the sensors and determining the load of the dishes as well as just how dirty they are.
Heavy: This cycle is best for dishes like pots as well as pans, but the good thing is that you can even use the ordinary dishes; especially the ones that are dirtier than your usual dishes.
China: As the name suggests, this cycle uses water at a lesser pressure, and is best used for dishes that are fragile. Say fine china or wine glasses.
Rinse Only: This is best if you have just taken the dishes out of the cupboard, and want to ensure that all the dust is rinsed off.
Efficient: If you are worried about using a lot of water and energy, then you can opt for this mode. Sure, the dishwasher will take longer to clean as compared to the standard mode, but at least you will be saving both water and energy.
The next thing that I would suggest you consider is the type of dishwasher; now when it comes to this; you have two options to go for.
The standard size of the dishwasher is 24-inches wide, and this type of dishwasher is fixed in one place, and that is generally under the kitchen counter.
This is the most standard type of dishwasher, and one of the main reasons why all the dishwashers look the same.
However, if you are low on space, but you still want to invest in a dishwasher, then the good news is that you can go for a more compact option that is 18-inches wide.
In addition to that, you can even find portable dishwashers that are with wheels and can move around, but they might cost you a bit more money as compared to the standard options that you have available in the market.
I would suggest you to go for compact or portable dishwashers only if you are on limited space or looking for something different and unique. Otherwise, you should always opt for the bigger sizes.
Another essential thing that I would suggest you to consider is the looks and finish of the dishwasher.
Usually, you are going to find it in black, white, or the usual stainless steel. However, if you are tired of these finishes, then you can opt for something a bit more premium, however, expect to pay a bit higher for specialized finishes.
As far as the style is concerned; you can opt for either the one with physical buttons or the more advanced models will have digital controls.
Again, this is something that varies from model to model, and the price can be a determinant in both the style, as well as the finish. So, something that you must keep in mind.
There is no denying that capacity of a dishwasher is one of the most critical factors that you have to consider when it comes to a dishwasher.
Simply because if you end up buying a smaller capacity of the dishwasher, your whole experience might end up becoming more tedious.
With that in mind, the critical thing that you need to know here is that even the standard 24-inch wide dishwasher will have a different capacity based on the model.
The good news is that most of the websites have these listed so you will have no issues with that. In addition to that, every model that we have reviewed will have the capacity listed for your convenience.
You use up to 27 gallons of water per load by hand versus as little as 3 gallons with an ENERGY STAR-rated dishwasher.
I will be honest; testing the dishwashers to see which one is better than the other one is not an easy task.
Considering how most of the dishwashers you look at are largely the same when it comes to functionality.
However, the dishwashers working largely the same is not a bad thing at all. As they are still performing largely the same.
This makes the whole process of testing the dishwashers all the more difficult. The good thing is that this roundup is exactly for that.
With that out of the way, the purpose of this roundup was to ensure that whatever dishwasher you decide to go with does not create any troubles for you.
That is the reason why we picked the best available in the market.
Done with the dishwashers? Now, you can also use some good pressure washer to remove some dirt, grime quickly, and even paint that is chipping away. | 2019-04-24T00:43:19Z | https://stellar10.com/dishwashers/ |
When my wife and I were dating and getting to know each other I was delighted to hear her say that she loved camping. Being from Nebraska I was eager to explore the Sierras. My idea of camping was backpacks, sleeping bags, tents, and being out in nature. When we got married I was very surprised to encounter my wife’s resistance to camping. I said to her, “You told me when we were dating that you loved camping.” She said, “When you talked about camping I thought you meant camping like in going to tennis camp.” Her idea of camping involved cabins, food cooked for you, and people to take care of you. I discovered that we had completely different perspectives towards camping, and after a few years I abandoned my pursuit. While in marriage we live with different points of view and in fact come to appreciate them, there could be no such union between Jesus and the religious establishment of his day.
We are in the portion of Luke where Jesus is teaching, healing, and calling disciples to follow him. Also, as we began to see last week, he is beginning to face opposition from the Pharisees and scribes because of their different perspectives. We will see those differences today in how Jesus sees people, how Jesus relates to people, and what Jesus thinks about religious traditions. Our text includes another call scene followed by controversy over Jesus’ radical conduct, which directly challenges the status quo. Jesus turns everything upside down. To follow Jesus means to embrace a lifestyle that goes against the current of our culture, our natural inclinations, and sometimes even the traditions of the church.
This is the second of three call scenes in Luke. We looked at the first call scene a couple of weeks ago when Jesus called Peter on the shores of the Sea of Galilee and told him that he would be a fisher of men. Just as the calling of Peter took place after a healing scene, so does the call of Levi. The last call scene will be the choosing of the Twelve as apostles in chapter 6.
Levi is almost certainly Matthew, the author of the Gospel of Matthew; in that gospel, Levi is called Matthew. Levi is a tax collector. The term used here indicates that he was not a chief tax collector, like Zacchaeus, but a lower level tax collector who reported to someone else. He worked for either the Romans or for Herod. Tax collectors were extortionists, skimming money off the top. They were considered traitors to their own people, the scum of the earth. As a result Levi was hated and viewed as an outcast. The leper was an outcast due to a physical disease. Levi was an outcast due to his occupation. No one would have wanted to associate with Levi in the same way that we would not want to associate with a hedge fund manager who had ripped us off. This week Levi might be Lance Armstrong.
Luke’s account of the calling is amazingly brief. One day Jesus sees Levi. Matthew and Mark tell us that he was in the tax booth, the place where tax collectors would collect the levy as people went from city to city. Jesus consciously singles the man out. He probably had been observing him for some time. Jesus invites Levi to follow him, and like Peter and his fishing buddies, Levi leaves everything and follows Jesus.
Jesus seems to make a very odd selection in choosing Levi. This is not a choice we would make or approve of if we were establishing the kingdom of God, starting a company, or even choosing people for a pick-up game of soccer. Obviously, Jesus sees something in Levi that no one else notices. He accepts him with unconditional love and empowers him to a new life.
The scene is inside and we assume that this is the tax collector’s office. There are two halves to the painting. On the left are five men dressed in the European style contemporary to Caravaggio. On the right are two men dressed in the attire of Jesus’ day. One is Jesus and the other is Peter.
Jesus is pointing at Levi with an outstretched arm. There is a faint halo over his head so that we do not miss his identity. Levi is in the middle of the five men. He is pointing at himself as if to say, “Who Me?” The invitation to follow Jesus would have caught Levi totally off guard.
Caravaggio was a master of light and darkness. We see a light coming from the right side of the painting from a different source than the window. The light is supernatural and it pierces the darkness.
The two men on the left are engrossed with the counting of money. They do not even look at Jesus. The young man leaning on Levi’s shoulder seems to be paying attention, but is hesitant. The man on the right straddles a bench. Perhaps this is an indication that he has a foot in two worlds. He is listening to Peter who also has an extended arm and is pointing like Jesus. Peter is learning to be a fisher of men.
The five men are of varying ages, indicating that Jesus invites everyone, no matter how old. And again, Jesus and Peter are dressed in plain dress of the 1st century indicating that Jesus calls people in every generation, not just his own.
The outstretched arm of Jesus is right under the window and the frame forms an obvious cross. To follow Jesus means we must leave everything, take up the cross and die to self. Levi will have to give up his wealth in order to follow Jesus.
Who catches your attention in the painting? With whom do you identity? Can you imagine Jesus pointing to you and inviting you to come out of the darkness into the light despite all your sin, brokenness and unworthiness?
The disciples were very common, ordinary men; some even of questionable character. They were just like us. Jesus calls us to follow him and become a disciple. This call is not based on our worthiness, ability, training, or social status. What is important is not worthiness but willingness to follow. The Marines want a few good men. Jesus has a different perspective.
We live in the age of superstars, in sports, business, movies, and even in the church. We are enamored with superstar pastors, worship leaders, and authors. The average Christian can feel inadequate and think they have nothing to offer. We think it is better to defer to the charismatic, outgoing people who are natural leaders. This story tells us that this is bogus thinking. Jesus chooses us in our unworthiness and empowers us to live a new life. We don’t have to be a superstar and it doesn’t matter where we came from. We are a valuable and important contributor to the mission of God. What is important is simply the willingness to follow and the openness to teaching. Jesus can do the rest.
Next we see that Levi throws a party for his new friend, Jesus. He invites everyone he knows. Of course, they are all tax collectors because he doesn’t have any other kind of friends. Levi is already following Jesus. He is using his home to bring the message of Jesus to others.
The Pharisees are greatly upset. They approach the disciples, not Jesus directly, and ask them what is going on. This would have been at a later time, because the Pharisees and scribes would not have been caught dead at the feast. The problem is that Jesus is eating and drinking with tax collectors and sinners. He is reclining at table, meaning that he is participating in table fellowship. This is not just having a casual conversation at the grocery store, but sharing a meal.
Remember the issue that we talked about last week in regards to the leper? The issue was purity and apartness. To have table fellowship with sinners rendered a Jew unclean. In the mind of the Pharisees Jesus should have refused the invitation to join the party. His acceptance was a powerful affront to the way things were supposed to be done.
The Pharisees are grumbling, just like Israel did in the wilderness after leaving Egypt, complaining to Moses about the lack of water and the lack of food. They wished they had stayed and died in Egypt where they knew the rules. Once again the sons of Israel are unhappy about how God is doing things. They don’t want to change even though what is ahead is so much better than what is behind.
Jesus responds to the grumbling with a statement of his mission. He came to the sick, not the healthy. Jesus is a physician of the soul. Luke, being a doctor, must have loved this statement. If you are physically sick you go the doctor and get the medicine you need to be well. If you are spiritually sick you come to Jesus. Wellness comes through repentance, to reorient oneself to God on his terms, to shift your view of things, to turn around and follow Jesus.
Of course in order to get well, one has to recognize they are ill and in need of a doctor. The ironic thing is that the Pharisees would have seen themselves as the righteous not asthe sick. However, they have the same need as the tax collectors and sinners.
How do we choose the people we want to be friends with, the people we want to associate with and share table fellowship with? When you are in a large group of people how do you position yourself at the table? Our natural inclination is to be with people we enjoy, who provide upward mobility, make us feel good, and accept us as part of the “in” group. Like the Pharisees we desire to stay clean and avoid the undesirables and difficult people. However, to follow Jesus means to be very intentional about the relationships we foster.
Who has God put in your life to impact for the kingdom of God? What we are talking about here is spending time not with believers, but with unbelievers, people who are in need of a spiritual physician. What we are also talking about here is not a ten-minute conversation, but hanging out over a meal. What we are talking about is not throwing the four spiritual laws into someone’s face, but entering into a relationship with our neighbors, family, the people we work with, folks at the gym, or the parents at our children’s schools. What we are talking about is hospitality; welcoming someone else into our space, opening up our home and our heart, engaging others as human beings, and providing a place for someone to feel safe.
Living relationally and hospitably can create a great deal of fear. We fear being contaminated and defiled and so we wall ourselves off for protection, kind of like guarding against the flu. But as we saw last week in the case of the leper, we don’t get infected by the unclean but rather we can offer cleaning and healing to the people who need it and are willing to recognize their need. We may well face rejection and skepticism. Jesus did. But we also will encounter people who genuinely want what the gospel offers.
Today is Sanctity of Human Life Sunday and Donna shared about the work of Real Options. This is a great example of who we are supposed to be in the world. We seek out people who are struggling and in need, offering hope to the downtrodden and shining light in the midst of darkness.
The question revolves around fasting. John’s disciples and the Pharisee’s disciples fast and pray while Jesus’ disciples eat and drink, referring to eating and drinking with sinners in verse 30. Confession and intercession usually accompanied times of fasting.
The practice of fasting was a highly regarded practice by the Jews. There were fasts for specific occasions. Some were national fasts, like the Day of Atonement. There were three-day fasts, week long fasts. There was a four-day fast to recall Jerusalem’s downfall. The zealous fasted twice a week, on Mondays and Thursdays. Jesus himself fasted, as did the early church. Fasting was a central act of piety and seen as virtuous. One fasted to focus on God and pray.
Jesus responds to the question with a wedding metaphor. A wedding celebration would last a week. This week would be characterized by joy and there would not be any fasting. In the Old Testament, there are several passages that use the wedding metaphor as a sign of the messianic age, the messianic wedding banquet. We also know that the metaphor of bridegroom and bride are used as references to Christ and the church.
Jesus is saying that the kingdom of God has arrived. This is a time of joy and not fasting. There will be a time when the bridegroom is taken and then fasting will again be appropriate. Thus fasting is not rejected but the emphasis will change. No longer will it be regulated or seen as a test of spirituality. Fasting will be a practice to focus on God and to look forward to the consummation of the kingdom, the return of the bridegroom, and the restoration of creation and the church. Fasting expresses a longing to be in the presence of Jesus and experience wedding joy.
Jesus offers a further explanation through the use of parables. Specifically, he gives two metaphors and a proverb highlighted by the threefold use of “no one.” These explanations will carry over to the Sabbath controversies in chapter 6.
The first metaphor involves old and new clothing. No one would take a piece from a new garment and use it to repair an old garment (unless you were a hippy back in the 60’s). The mixing of the two doesn’t work. Both garments are ruined. The old cloth and the new cloth don’t fit together. The parable means that Jesus is new and can’t be mixed with old religious ways and traditions.
The second metaphor involves wine and wineskins. Wineskins were made from sheep or goats and the neck of the animal would be the spout for the wineskin. Old wineskins became brittle and if new wine was put into an old wineskin, the new wine would ferment, expand, and burst the brittle container. No one would do such a thing. The lesson of the second parable is the same as the first. You can’t put the new wine of Jesus into the old way of thinking and doing things. New wine can’t be contained within Judaism without destroying both.
Both of the parables mean that you can’t mix the old covenant with the new. You can’t slap a little of Jesus onto the old religious traditions. You can’t mix them together like a salad. You can’t take what you like from both and come up with a new religious system, even though that is exactly what happens in every generation. The old system has to be thrown out, abandoned and the new completely embraced in its totality. Jesus isn’t tacked on to our lives or religious beliefs. He changes everything or nothing. The world of the Pharisees and the world of Jesus don’t mix. Neither do Jesus and our world. This is not like having different ideas about camping.
The proverb states that old wine drinkers are satisfied with the old wine of the Law and don’t’ want to try the new wine of Jesus. They are content with the old and don’t want to change. The old wine drinkers are the Jews, but the proverb provides a warning to all of us. The tendency is to get set in our ways. The way we have done things in the past is good enough. We like the rules we have. Don’t rock the boat. But, following Jesus means to be open to change, to desire to grow, to be willing to be stretched, and to give consent to the ways that Jesus wants to rearrange our lives. What might Jesus want to change about us individually and corporately?
During these last few weeks in Luke I have been struck by how encompassing and comprehensive and all pervasive a relationship with Jesus is intended to be. Jesus doesn’t call us into a relationship to fix us, but to transform us. He doesn’t want to patch up the old, he wants us to be completely new. He doesn’t want us to just long for heaven, he wants us to be restored now.
Jesus turns our world inside out and upside down. This affects how we see people, how we choose the company we keep, and how we guard against substituting a religious system for a relationship with God.
We don’t seek to rise to the top but to descend into the world of tax collectors. We don’t find our worth in worldly achievements or religious practices. We find our worth in the one who has called us. The Pharisees were good men. They would have made great neighbors. But Jesus doesn’t want a few good men. He wants many not-so-good people who are willing to be changed so that the kingdom of God is visible in our world. | 2019-04-25T18:43:44Z | https://pbcc.org/sermon-archive/?sermon_id=1554 |
Press and News Articles | MCM Consulting Group, Inc.
Officials in Luzerne County, Pa., are trying to put hard figures to a migration away from an outdated emergency communication system — support for existing transmitters and receivers will end in late 2020.
(TNS) — Luzerne County, Pa., has invited vendors to submit proposals for its 911 emergency radio upgrade, which will finally put a firm price on a project that had been estimated at around $20 million.
“Now it’s time to give council and the county manager real numbers to work with so we can figure out what we’re able to afford,” said county 911 Executive Director Fred Rosencrans.
Luzerne County has invited vendors to submit proposals for its 911 emergency radio upgrade, which will finally put a firm price on a project that had been estimated at around $20 million.
County officials want to switch from a 20-year-old analog system to a digital one because equipment support for the radio transmitters and receivers that allow emergency responders to exchange messages will end Dec. 31, 2020. The system won’t automatically shut down on that date, but replacement parts have become increasingly difficult to find because they are no longer manufactured.
John Grappy, left, director of Erie County Public Safety, and Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper in October 2017 show off some of the portable radio units that will be used as part of the county’s Next Generation Public Safety Radio Project.
What you need to know about the $26.4 million program that’s about to go into effect.
Julie Jameson is a post graduate intern at MCM Consulting, working primarily with the director of client outreach, Mike Rearick. She will be assisting with outreach efforts for conferences and events as well as working on website content and photography.
She is a graduate of Duquesne University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Corporate Communication. She graduated in December of 2018 with her bachelor’s degree, a certificate in business management, and a minor in philosophy. Throughout her studies she focused on marketing, public relations, strategic writing, and rhetoric.
Julie interned with MCM Consulting Group, Inc, from May through August 2018, working on the Pennsylvania Association of Hazardous Materials Technicians conference, NENA conference, web design and other company projects.
Council recently voted to hire Pennsylvania-based MCM Consulting Group for $380,357 to handle the first stage of the proposed $20 million 911 radio project. The company will help determine the county’s equipment needs, prepare a comprehensive bid seeking interested vendors and identify grants and other possible outside funding.
The switch from a 20-year-old analog system to a digital one is warranted because equipment support for the radio transmitters and receivers that allow emergency responders to exchange messages will end Dec. 31, 2020, officials have said.
"Expanding to a regional solution for Law Enforcement Records Management Services (LERMS) was a logical next step for the Northern Tier consortium," said Terri Nelson, PMP, project supervisor for the MCM Consulting Group, Inc .
"Integrating the records management system with New World CAD will greatly enhance data sharing across the 10-county region and will enable agencies across the area to create efficient workflows for improved effectiveness."
WILKES-BARRE - A $20 million project to upgrade the Luzerne County 911 communication system from analog to digital has a project manager, following a unanimous county council vote Tuesday night.
Council approved a $380,357 contract with MCM Consulting Group to manage the upgrade project. County officials say it needs to be completed by 2020, when the manufacturer will stop providing support for the analog system currently used by 911 dispatchers and emergency responders throughout the county.
UNION CITY — Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper marched through the mud as she approached the base of what will be a 263-foot-tall communications tower. She looked up to the three workers from ECI Wireless who were bolting down another massive steel section of the tower 120 feet overhead.
“Good job, everybody,” Dahlkemper, wearing a hard hat, shouted.
Emergency crews throughout Erie County are getting a long awaited update to their radio systems. All emergency crews in the county will be equipped with a new radio system that allows them to communicate with other agencies who might also be responding.
Before, crews from different townships were unable to communicate directly.
Lycoming County officials have hinted at overhauling its public safety communication system on various occasions over the past year.
On Tuesday morning, the commissioners heard a presentation from Michael McGrady, president of MCM Consulting Group, detailing that a study lasting longer than nine months showed such an overhaul will cost about $7.4 million.
"That’s to build a system that’s going to last you for up to 20 years,” he said. “It’s a pretty good investment."
The Summit County Consortium worked closely with MCM Consulting Group, Inc. to evaluate potential vendors that would meet the needs of all six PSAPs, which answer approximately 665,000 services calls each year.
MCM Consulting was impressed by Tyler’s robust solutions and their features and functionality, which would fully integrate each PSAP’s respective systems, creating efficiencies between all agencies.
MCM is also pleased to announce the hiring of James Matisko to the position of Vice President of Business Operations effective July 16, 2018. James comes to MCM with extensive knowledge and experience in the areas of emergency management, executive leadership, fiscal management and personnel management. James is a retired Lieutenant Colonel and served in the United States military for thirty-three years.
James holds a Bachelor of Science from Pennsylvania State University, along with a Master of Science from the University of Maryland.
As the Vice President of Business Operations, James will be responsible for the overall administration of personnel, operations and business development of the company.
James can be reached at [email protected] or 570-406-0225.
MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM), a public safety and telecommunications consulting company headquartered in Saint Marys, Pennsylvania is pleased to announce the promotion of Teresa Nelson to the position of Project Supervisor effective July 1, 2018.
Teresa’s education and impressive experience in the areas of communications and project management have contributed to her rising status with MCM. During her time in the company, Teresa has displayed an ability to successfully complete projects efficiently and professionally.
Teresa’s holds a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) from Florida Institute of Technology and Project Management Professional (PMP) certification.
The staff of MCM congratulates Teresa on her accomplishments.
Eight new towers being constructed for project. Nine existing tower sites are also being improved.
Erie County’s $23.2 million next-generation public radio system project is taking shape.
Work ramped up this past week on the construction of eight new communication towers and at the sites of nine existing towers. Those towers, scattered throughout Erie County, are part of an intricate infrastructure upgrade that will improve communication between emergency responders, their counterparts in neighboring communities and dispatchers.
“They are working at a breakneck pace,” Public Safety Director John Grappy said of local contractors Perry Construction Co. and Keystone Electric.
The project marks what public safety officials believe is a long-overdue transition to a digital platform. Safety forces now operate on a patchwork of frequencies, from low-band to UHF and VHF.
Tioga County is located in North Central Pennsylvania. Its Department of Emergency Services’ dispatch center covers 2,550 square miles (6,600 square km), primarily for Tioga and Potter Counties, but also areas in McKean, Bradford and Lycoming Counties. 26 fire and EMS services, and 26 police departments are handled by Dispatch.
Tioga County was looking to migrate from TDM to Ethernet technology and chose RAD’s solution based on recommendations from MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM) and Tessco, a leading wireless system integrator and a RAD partner. Tioga County had decided to create a dual network path based on an existing DS3 microwave system that provides voice and data services for first responders.
AKRON, Ohio - Summit County, Cuyahoga Falls, Stow and Tallmadge are taking the next step in the process of consolidating their public safety dispatch operations.
The four communities, along with newcomers Fairlawn, Green and the City of Akron, announced on Oct. 11 their intention to hire MCM Consulting Group, Inc. to advise them on the implementation of the consolidated computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system and the possible consolidation of their dispatch operations.
About $6 million worth of mobile and portable radios, as well as control stations, will be installed in police, fire and emergency medical services vehicles across the county starting later this month.
New equipment for Erie County’s $23.2 million public safety radio system has arrived early and will be installed in police, fire and emergency medical services vehicles across the county starting this month.
The goal of the “Next Generation Public Safety Radio System” project is to move the existing system and its users onto a common communications platform. Doing so will enable emergency responders to more effectively communicate with each other, including among different departments.
The project was approved by Erie County Council in August 2015. MCM Consulting Group is managing the project and Texas-based E.J. Johnson won the bid to provide the equipment. Another company, Mobilcom, will install the mobile radios and control stations.
Summit County and several local cities intend to hire a consultant to guide them in exploring a shared dispatch system, and perhaps even consolidation of their physical operations.
If approved by their respective councils, MCM Consulting Group Inc. will advise the county and the cities of Cuyahoga Falls, Stow, Tallmadge, Fairlawn and Green on the implementation of a consolidated computer-aided dispatch system and the feasibility of an outright merger of dispatch operations.
Akron has also asked to be included in discussions about joining a shared computer-assisted dispatch system, but is not included in talks concerning the consolidation of all dispatch operations.
Earlier this year, the County of Summit and the Cities of Cuyahoga Falls, Stow and Tallmadge entered into a memorandum of understanding laying out the framework for a consolidated computer-aided dispatch system (“Consolidated CAD System”) and possible consolidation of dispatch operations. On Wednesday, October 11, 2017, those communities announced their intention to hire MCM Consulting Group, Inc. to advise the communities on the implementation of the Consolidated CAD System and the possible consolidation of their dispatch operations. The communities were joined by the Cities of Fairlawn and Green in both efforts and by the City of Akron for the Consolidated CAD System only. The City of Akron is not exploring a consolidation of its dispatch operations with the other communities.
The Monroe County, Pennsylvania hazard mitigation plan was updated in a long-term planning process which occurred between July 1, 2015 and October 1, 2016. Due to the in-depth nature of hazard mitigation planning, Monroe County sought the services of MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM), which has a vast span of knowledge in hazard mitigation planning. Monroe County and MCM initiated the planning process with the development of a multi-discipline local planning team, which included representatives from local business, academia, government, and the first responder community.
A comprehensive capability assessment and a risk assessment were completed by Monroe County representatives and local government representatives. The capability and risk assessments give government and public safety representatives the opportunity to take a detailed, structured look at the hazards that could affect citizens, safety and infrastructure in their communities and county. The assessment also affords them an opportunity to look at their current ability to mitigate and recover from these hazards. In addition to county and local government representation, agencies including hospitals, museums, historical associations and educational institutions participated in the assessments.
Erie County government’s multimillion-dollar public safety radio system is proving to be a less-costly proposition — in terms of equipment — than local officials originally projected.
County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper’s administration said last week that the project, originally projected to cost $26.5 million, is slightly more than $3 million under budget right now due to lower-than-expected equipment costs.
Those expenses are being closely monitored by MCM Consulting group, which is coordinating the public safety radio project for the county. Michael McGrady, MCM’s president and chief executive, also told the Erie Times-News that equipment purchases for the radio project are under budget.
MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM) announces the hiring of Jason Roblin, Senior Consultant - PMP. Jason joins MCM with extensive experience in 911 and emergency management, having served as a 911 coordinator and emergency management director for more than 10 years.
With a B.A. in Business Administration from Ashland University, Jason is poised to lead clients and manage projects effectively and efficiently.
As a senior consultant - PMP, Jason will be working on and supervising 911 and EMA projects for MCM.
LOCK HAVEN - A new fiscal year means new contracts in front of the Clinton County commissioners.
At Thursday’s meeting, the commissioners acted on contracts for updating the county’s hazard mitigation plan, repairing the parking lot at the county’s new building in the former Piper complex, and garnering more parking near the county building in Flemington.
MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM) announces the promotion of Tyler Haas, Project Coordinator to full-time employment. Tyler is a graduate of Penn State University with a B.S. in Geology.
Since graduation Tyler has completed several Python programming language classes including a class on using Python to program and automate ArcGIS software. With this training, Tyler has created several tools for MCM clients.
Additionally, Tyler has participated in a variety of emergency management training and been involved with the creation of several hazard mitigation plans.
Tyler started with MCM in 2014 as an intern, accepted a part-time position upon graduation from Penn State, and became a full-time employee as of July 1, 2017.
Tyler continues to work with MCM on GIS and EMA projects.
Speaking at the opening of the fire service and local government symposium Saturday, County Commissioner Rick Mirabito urged the group to think about the future of area fire services.
“From a bigger perspective, we have to think about how we’re going to deliver fire services not just two, three years from now, but really 20 to 25 years from now,” he said.
MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM) announces the hiring of Corbin Snyder, Project Coordinator.
Corbin is a graduate of the Pennsylvania College of Technology with a B.S. in Emergency Management Technology.
Corbin has experience working in emergency management, including an internship with the Maryland Emergency Management Agency. As a project coordinator, Corbin will be working with MCM on both EMA and taskforce projects.
Due to 911 legislation passed in 2015 (ACT12), which funds a large percentage of all PSAPs operating budgets, non-county PSAPs in Pennsylvania are required to consolidate. The cities of Bethlehem and Allentown are both scheduled to lose their funding for their individual PSAPs in 2019. These cities are the last two municipalities to hold PSAP status and funding due to previous legislation.
To determine the best approach to the pending consolidation, the counties and cities hired MCM Consulting Group, Inc. to conduct a PSAP study on the best way for the neighboring agencies to address the requirements. Their study revealed that implementing a common software system for Lehigh and Northampton counties would be the most efficient and best approach for better public safety.
The project is currently $3 million under budget.
Erie County residents can expect better emergency response in December 2018 when a radio upgrade project currently $3 million under budget is complete.
That is according to project designers who updated emergency personnel from across the county Wednesday evening on the ongoing implementation of a next generation countywide public safety radio system.
The public is invited to attend a meeting at which officials will provide an update on Erie County’s next-generation public safety radio project.
Wednesday’s meeting will be facilitated by Mike McGrady, president of MCM Consulting Group, and John Grappy, director of the county Department of Public Safety.
Finding ways to improve efficiency of and/or share public services — whether they be police, sanitary sewer, water or emergency communications — just makes sense.
The cost of government just keeps rising, folks, and we don’t see a reverse of that trend anytime soon.
So our elected leaders need to always be open to finding ways to reduce or stabilize costs to taxpayers without comprising important services.
That’s why the Clinton County commissioners’ decision to spend $48,000 in Act 12 grant funding with a consultant who will pinpoint and recommend changes to enhance emergency communications into “shared regional services” should prove fruitful.
Will there be cost savings?
BROOKVILLE — The Jefferson County Commissioners passed a “modified” 2017 budget. The modifications did not reduce the $28,062,301 spending plan but reduced the amount the county would be forced to use from its reserves to balance the budget.
The commissioners entered into a professional consulting services agreement with MCM Consulting Group along with the Northern Tier Regional Telecommunications project. MCM will aid the county in preparing and implementing the next generation of 911.
Plans to combine Snyder and Union counties’ 911 centers at one location in Penn Township, Snyder County, for a savings in excess of $1 million and improved services are moving forward.
About 60 emergency responders, law enforcement and community leaders attended a meeting Tuesday to hear the proposal pitched by MCM Consulting Group Inc. President Michael McGrady to merge the agencies in the next two to three years.
(WBRE/WYOU) Two counties will combine 911 call centers.
Union and Snyder counties have been weighing their options since January when they started a six month study on a potential merger.
The biggest concern.. if they can save money while not jeopardizing service?
Those concerns were raised today but the decision was made to move forward with the merger.
IRVING, TEXAS – August 16, 2016 – EF Johnson Technologies, Inc. (EFJohnson), the mission-critical P25 communications specialist for JVCKENWOOD Corporation, has signed a $16.1 million contract with Erie County, Pennsylvania to deliver a secure P25 Phase 2 communication system, new radio fleet, dispatch consoles, and long-term support services to upgrade and manage its radio network.
Erie, PA – Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper on Tuesday announced a contract award to E.F. Johnson Co. as the radio manufacturer for Erie County’s Next Generation Public Safety Radio System.
A consultant is recommending a Luzerne County 911 emergency radio communications system overhaul and upgrade that would cost an estimated $19.26 million and take several years to complete.
WILKES-BARRE -- Luzerne County announced Monday that changes are coming to improve the response to emergencies.
The last time Luzerne County 911 updated the system was about 20 years ago.
In other Emergency Management Agency news, the county renewed its contract with MCM Consulting, which provides guidance to the department in many areas, including creating its Hazard Mitigation Plan.
MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM), a privately held education, government, healthcare, public safety and telecommunications consulting firm headquartered in Saint Marys, Pennsylvania announces the retirement of Edward Hoffman, Consultant. Ed was the company SME for training and HSEEP exercises. Ed also worked on EMA projects, including hazard mitigation planning. The staff of MCM wish Ed well with his retirement.
MCM additionally announces the promotion of Valerie Zents to Consultant. Valerie has worked for MCM as a project coordinator. Valerie has excelled in service on her healthcare and taskforce projects, as well as in assisting senior consultants with EMA projects. Val will continue to work with the same clients as a consultant. The staff of MCM congratulates Valerie on her promotion.
MCM announces the hiring of Teresa Nelson, Senior Consultant. Teresa has extensive experience in 911 and communications, including serving as the Director of Customer Support and Interoperability at the Pennsylvania Office of Public Safety Radio Services. Teresa also holds a Project Management Professional certification.
Teresa holds a B.S. in Oceanography from the Florida Institute of Technology.
As a senior consultant, Teresa will be working with MCM on both 911 and taskforce projects. Teresa can be reached at [email protected] or 814-203-6370.
The Board of Bucks County Commissioners continued to reinforce its commitment to the public safety of more than 630,000 county residents during its June 22 business session. The meeting, which took place in the Commissioners’ Meeting Room of the Bucks County Administration Building, was scheduled expressly for the consideration of a pair of Emergency Communications contract resolutions.
Commissioners Robert G. Loughery, chairman, Charles H. Martin and Diane M. Ellis-Marseglia, LCSW unanimously approved the two agreements – the majority of which was $2.042 million contract with Frontier Communications of America, Inc. of Norwalk, CT to provide hardware to complete a 911 telephone system upgrade and five-year maintenance agreement. The second contract was a $256,000 deal with MCM Consulting Group, Inc. of Saint Marys, PA to provide consulting services for the Computer Aided Dispatch system.
Following debate about the bidding process (the hardware upgrade was a re-bid), Chairman Loughery noted that the meeting was scheduled because the resolutions involved “two significant projects, and much needed upgrades.” Commissioner Marseglia motioned to approve the contracts, and Commissioner Martin seconded the motion.
The next meeting of the Board of Bucks County Commissioners will take place at 6 p.m. on Wednesday, July 6 at the Van Sant Airport, 516 Cafferty Rd., Erwinna, PA 18920. For a complete audio account of the June 22, 2016 business meeting, please visit the official county website, www.BucksCounty.org, and click on the “Audio from Last Mtg” link on the home page.
For quite some time, we’ve all watched budgets dwindle in U.S. cities and counties, while government workers are challenged to do more with less. As a fire chief and former 9-1-1 director, I can certainly relate. And as an account manager for a 9-1-1 solutions provider, I’ve seen how advances in technology bridge the gap by connecting municipalities in ways that improve operations and reduce costs.
We’re beginning to see more and more public safety agencies regionalize by uniting across their geographical boundaries to share resources and become more efficient. Regionalization also helps them keep pace with the latest technologies needed to protect and serve. Being in both worlds - as an emergency communications user and supplier - provides me a unique perspective on the entire regionalization process and the steps needed for effective implementation.
Michael McGrady, President and Chief Executive Officer of MCM Consulting Group, Inc. was recently honored as the Citizen of the Year during a ceremony at the Erie County Firefighters Association annual banquet.
Mr. McGrady and his company have been committed to the assessment, design and implementation of the Erie County next generation emergency communications radio system.
The Erie County Firefighters Association recognized Mr. McGrady and his company for their deep commitment to enhancing communications for first responders.
ALLENTOWN, Pa. - A consultant, Jonathan Hansen of MCM Consulting Group, Inc. recommends creating a regional Lehigh Valley 911 emergency communications center. That center would consolidate separate 911 centers now operated by Allentown, Bethlehem, Lehigh County and Northampton County into a single comm center under one roof.
ALLENTOWN — A 911 regionalization study has recommended merging the Allentown and Bethlehem 911 centers with Lehigh and Northampton counties, respectively, in the next two years with an eventual goal of creating one regional center.
A 911 regionalization research has really helpful merging Allentown and Bethlehem’s 911 facilities with their respective counties within the subsequent two years with an eventual objective of making one regional middle.
Regional 911 center makes sense for Lehigh Valley, study finds. The Lehigh Valley should have a regional 911 center but it's unlikely a full consolidation could happen ahead of when state funding runs out in 2019, according to a study.
Erie County government will host two public meetings Monday to update citizens on the $26.5 million public safety radio system project for local emergency responders.
NESCOPECK — In small Nescopeck Borough, radio coverage can be spotty.
Some parts of the borough are dead zones where calls to 911 from portable radios don’t go through.
The borough is tucked next to the Susquehanna River, across from Berwick, and the spotty connection is worse in the spring and summer when foliage is blooming on the hills around the valley, said Paul Nye, borough council president. Police who couldn’t make calls with portable radios have switched to using cellphones if they need to call 911, he said.
Nye said the communication issue has existed for about five years, but some changes could be coming.
No sirens went off as Bethlehem’s police, fire, ambulance and emergency communications operations had their proposed 2016 budget requests reviewed by City Council Thursday night. The focus was on public safety during the second of five hearings scheduled on the proposed $73.85-million city budget.
They are the only two cities in Pennsylvania that still operate their own 911 centers. State officials are pushing for consolidation to create regional centers. MCM Consulting Group has been hired to develop a strategic 911 plan for the two cities and two counties.
Flooding and high wind storms are natural hazards that have typically plagued Lawrence County.
But the Pennsylvania and Federal Emergency Management Agencies want counties throughout Pennsylvania to plan for any type of disaster and put that planning on paper so they can qualify for funding and assistance following any type of a large-scale emergency. The higher agencies also are demanding the input and participation of individual municipalities in the document, showing how they will respond should larger-scale emergencies arise within the county's borders.
BETHLEHEM, PA - Bethlehem officials have taken the first step toward determining the future of the city’s 911 emergency communications system.
City council on Tuesday unanimously approved hiring MCM Consulting Group Inc. to develop a strategic 911 plan for Bethlehem, Allentown and Lehigh and Northampton counties.
That study could lead to a merger of city and county 911 centers, which is being pushed by the state to supposedly make such operations more effective and cost efficient.
Allentown, Bethlehem and Northampton and Lehigh counties are going study whether they should share 911 dispatch services.
The study, which will start in September, will look at both whether all four entities should merge dispatching and also whether Bethlehem should join with Northampton and Allentown should join with Lehigh.
ALBION -- Public safety in Erie County will be getting a boost soon.
Erie County Council voted 6-1 on Tuesday night on a $26.5 million public safety radio system for emergency responders.
Before the vote at the Elk Creek Township Building, Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper said the vote would culminate more than one year of work on the project to date.
She thanked council for a project she said is "very, very important for the county."
Mansfield University hosted a table top exercise with the North Central Task Force on July 20 to familiarize local emergency responders with assets offered regionally.
Exercise conducted by MCM Consulting Group, Inc.
The primary concern of those in attendance was the necessity of constructing a new building on land adjacent to Cora Clark Park off Pine Street when a number of vacated properties are currently available for purchase. The land was part of the former Talon property.
MCM Consulting Group Inc., the county consultant on the project, considered a number of vacant buildings, according to Mike McGrady, the group’s president and chief executive officer.
EDINBORO -- Erie County government is moving ahead with a significant financial commitment toward a planned new $26.5 million public safety radio system for emergency responders.
It's considered one of the largest investments by Erie County government, aimed at protecting the community.
Leaders of the “Next Generation Radio System” met with the public to give an update on the project.
The $26.5 million project will allow first responders to broadcast on the same frequency. Right now, they operate on different channels.
The upgrade is expected to take three to five years.
In phase one, members of MCM Consulting Group are trying to acquire FCC licenses. They're also trying to pinpoint where to build new communication towers.
According to MCM Consulting Group President Michael McGrady, they hope to have a total of 20 towers available, which includes 11 new and nine that already exist.
Erie County government officials and the consultant for a $26.5 million countywide radio network for emergency responders will host a public meeting to give updates about the project.
Lebanon County stands to save hundreds of thousands of dollars and end up with a new 911 Call Center should the Pennsylvania Legislature approve funding formula changes to the surcharges placed on phones, an emergency communications consultant told the Lebanon County commissioners on Wednesday.
Mike McGrady, president and CEO of MCM Consulting Group, was fresh from testifying before the state House Veterans Affairs and Emergency Preparedness Committee Wednesday morning about amending the E-911 law that helps fund 911 Call Centers when he presented the commissioners with the results of a Regional Shared Services Assessment.
Erie County council members unanimously voted to approve another contract to the MCM Consulting Firm.
MCM Consulting is responsible for implementing the $26 million radio system. Officials say the upgrade will replace the county's current system and will benefit 37 municipalities.
MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM), a privately held education, government, healthcare, public safety and telecommunications consulting firm headquartered in McMurray, Pennsylvania announces the hiring of Robert W. Anderson as Senior Consultant. Robert joins the MCM team after serving as a public safety consultant for the past 10 years. Robert’s background includes serving as the Director of Emergency Services, Director of Communications and the Emergency Management Coordinator for Hunterdon County, NJ.
As Senior Consultant, Robert will serve as a Project Manager for 911, emergency management, education, healthcare, HSEEP training and exercises, public safety and telecommunication projects.
Robert will be working out of Doylestown, PA and can be reached at: [email protected] or 267-614-5485.
Erie County Council Chairman Kyle Foust wants to make one thing clear: he and most of council's seven members support establishing a new, multimillion-dollar state-of-the-art radio system for local emergency responders.
That is a major reason why the panel plans to meet with the county's radio system consultant Dec. 16 to ask more questions about financing, equipment and the project's probable timeline.
Foust asked for the meeting with Mike McGrady, chief executive of McMurray-based MCM Consulting Group Inc. The meeting will be at the Erie County Courthouse.
Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper, along with Public Safety Director John Grappy, is pleased to announce that the Erie County Department of Public Safety will host a Town Hall Meeting at the Albion Fire Station, 13 Smock Avenue, Albion Borough on Tuesday, October 28, 2014 from 6:00 PM – 8:00 PM to discuss the County’s radio project.
In conjunction with the Erie County Department of Public Safety, the Next Generation Radio System Needs Assessment and Strategic Plan Report will be presented by Mike McGrady of MCM Consulting Group. Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper and Erie County Councilwoman Carol Loll are expected to attend.
MCM recommends that Erie County replace the current radio, microwave and radio console equipment and systems as soon as possible because they are so crucial to public safety.
On the afternoon of Oct. 2, Jim Pyle lived through another example of what he considers the fractured, potentially dangerous radio communications system that many local public safety responders deal with.
"I've had five structure fires in the past two years where this has been an issue. ... I'm 10 feet away from (another department's) trucks, and I can't talk to them," Pyle said. "It's endangering firefighters. It's endangering the general public. Using the system we have now, someone's going to get injured or killed."
A new independent study backs up complaints that Luzerne County’s 911 Center is understaffed, recommending the addition of 15 full-time employees.
The center is currently budgeted for 77 full-time employees, and the proposed 2015 budget did not increase that amount.
Luzerne County 911 Executive Director Fred Rosencrans sought the study, which was completed by MCM Consulting Group, Inc., after the center was criticized for dispatching emergency crews to the wrong location in a May 15 fatal blaze.
The AFSS acquisition will enable MCM Consulting Group, Inc. to increase its level of service in HSEEP Exercise, Emergency Management, Regional Task Force Management, Healthcare and Education Agency Training, and Hazard Mitigation Planning. MCM will also be able to offer Active Shooter exercises including the utilization of the Simunitions Training Weapons system, which is considered a “real world” training system for law enforcement.
The Haas acquisition allows MCM to provide an added dimension to projects already managed by MCM as well as to incoming projects, allowing the company to provide expanded GIS, addressing and mapping services.
TEMECULA, Calif., June 19, 2013 – Cassidian Communications, an EADS North America company, has completed installation of its VESTA®/Sentinel® 4 Next Generation 911 (NG911) call taking system for seven of the nine counties in the northern tier of Pennsylvania.
The new NG911 system makes it possible for all nine counties to be part of a single regional network – the first in the state – designed to reduce costs and improve survivability for their Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs). The Northern Tier Regional Telecommunications Project, encompassing the counties of Clearfield, Jefferson, Elk, Cameron, McKean, Clarion, Warren, Crawford and Forest, complies with the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency guidelines for 911 infrastructure.
Partnership with other counties cut cost sharply.
Mike McGrady with MCM Consulting, the consultant coordinating the project, said if each of the regional member counties purchased the necessary equipment on their own, total cost would be $3.159 million. The regional cost brings that down to $1.3 million.
He explained that each county will also see a reduction in yearly maintenance costs as well. He said Warren County's share of the maintenance will be approximately $13,000, down from $39,685 if the county maintained their own equipment.
In a cost savings and redundancy of services effort, nine counties in Northern Pennsylvania worked together to upgrade to a Next Generation 911 Telephony System and a diverse and redundant Fiber Network. The counties of Cameron, Clarion, Clearfield, Crawford, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean and Warren have worked together as one entity to create a regional network and improve technology and operations while saving costs to their individual counties. Implementation of this project started with Cameron and Elk Counties going live on the system May 1, 2013. Clearfield and Jefferson County will be the next two counties to go live on May 15, 2013 and May 16, 2013. All counties will be live by June 30, 2013.
The average cost for replacement of a single county 911 telephony system would have been $394,875.00 (total combined cost to all the counties would have been $3,159,000.00). The average yearly maintenance for each county would have been $45,242.69. On the new system the average county shared cost is $162,513.09 ($1,300,104.72 total for the region). The average yearly maintenance per county is $21,730.12.
These nine counties all received notice from their current telephony switch manufacture about the end of life for their legacy era 911 telephony switches. In determination to provide the best 911 redundant response, they began the process with MCM Consulting Group, Inc. (MCM), of McMurray, PA in January 2011. MCM reviewed their systems which lacked redundancy and were not interconnected or capable of Next Generation 911. Therefore, the counties could not transfer 911 calls between counties with automatic location identification or automatic number identification.
The Northern Tier entered into agreements with Cassidian Communications, Inc. out of Temecula, California, for the Next Generation 911 (NG911) Telephony System and Zito Media for the IP fiber network. The system design includes a Cassidian Geo-Diverse Vesta 4.0 Next Generation 911 telephony system, with one NG911 switch located in the Windstream territory, and the second NG911 switch located in the Verizon territory. Each switch is capable of running the entire network in the event of a failure of the other switch. Each county is connected to switches on diverse and redundant fiber paths.
For added redundancy to the system, all of the county 911 trunks are directed to the Verizon Tandems. From the tandems, one half of the counties 911 trunks are connected to the switch in Elk County and the other half are connected to the Clearfield County switch. Also in an effort to reduce costs, non-emergency and administrative telephone lines connect to the individual county workstations at the public-safety answering point level.
This system is also capable of providing transport and connectivity for systems including but not limited to: computer aided dispatch; graphical information systems; radio interoperability system; and emergency management functions, including interfacing with a State-wide emergency services IP network (ESInet).
What does this mean for the general public? If a 911 Center’s phone service is down, for whatever reason, in one county, your 911 phone call will not go unanswered. Someone from another county will pick up that call, providing necessary emergency information to the caller; while still being able to send information to the dispatchers in the county in which the call originated, with all of the necessary location and number identification – in one fluid motion between counties.
With the installation of a new radio network and Zetron’s MAX Dispatch system, Clinton County Pennsylvania’s Department of Emergency Services (CCDES) is now narrowbanding compliant and equipped with a dispatch system that provides updated functionality, improved interoperability and future readiness. | 2019-04-20T10:16:51Z | https://mcmconsultinggrp.com/press.html |
According to Statistica, smartphone ownership in the United States has grown from just over 60 million in 2010 to an estimated 237.6 million in 2018. If that sounds like the market is saturated, the statistics portal says, "Not so fast." Over the next four years, smartphone use is expected to grow to over 270 million. That's an additional 30 million users in the U.S. alone.
Every consumer has certain preferences on how they prefer to be connected with marketers on their mobile devices. These mobile channels range from email to SMS texting, apps and social. The question is if your customers and potential customers were to tell you the best way to reach them via their mobile devices, would you listen?
They've done exactly that in a just-released Consumer Mobile Engagement research study. This report surveyed 1,552 U.S. consumers on a range of mobile engagement topics in an effort to gain a better understanding of the mobile channels preferred most by consumers for various communications, ranging from coupons to loyalty program rewards. Here is some of what the survey uncovered.
When asked, "Have you ever opted into a retailer or brand text-message marketing list?" nearly two-thirds (60.44 percent) said yes. Of particular interest was that 100 percent of the millennials who participated in the survey responded yes. Your potential customers are saying text messaging is a powerful channel to build your retail marketing list, especially if you want to reach millennials.
The survey indicates that 70 percent of consumers would prefer to receive mobile coupons digitally through texts and mobile email. The channels were virtually split 50/50: 35 percent responded they would prefer email and 35 percent stated they would prefer receiving discounts via texts.
A push message via an app was third at 23 percent followed by a mobile website at just 7 percent. It is clear consumers are embracing mobile delivery, storage, and access to their coupons and loyalty programs. Text coupons have the additional benefit of adding a sense of urgency to redemption. The CodeBroker Coupon Research report released earlier this year indicated 85 percent of consumers use a text coupon within one week after receiving it.
When survey participants were asked "What is your preferred way to receive retailer messages on your mobile device promoting sales, discounts, and coupons?" the responses show the need for retailers to employ several mobile channels. Email was preferred by 41 percent, just slightly ahead of text messaging at 38 percent. Push messaging (app) was not quite as popular, only being chosen by 21 percent. With such large segments choosing differing mobile channels, it is important marketers employ a strategy that uses a mix of mobile channels.
How much are consumers willing to share with you?
If consumers are willing to tell us how to reach them via mobile devices, are they willing to disclose other pieces of information? It appears the answer is a resounding yes. The surveyed asked consumers, "When signing up for a retailer's text message marketing list, are you willing to provide your name and address if you receive a high-value mobile coupon in return?" Over three-quarters of respondents (75.49 percent) said yes.
This is good news for retailers looking to build high-quality SMS marketing lists as opposed to gathering lists of phone numbers. Marketers and retailers can build lists that include demographic and geographic data. All it takes is a coupon or discount that has a higher perceived value.
Key takeaways Mobile and smartphone usage continues to grow and has yet to peak. Text messages are a powerful tool to build opt-in marketing lists. Email and texts are an effective way of delivering mobile coupons to consumers. A multi-channel approach is required to reach large segments of mobile users. Consumers are willing to provide more personal data if they receive a high-value coupon/discount in return.
The CodeBroker survey also reveals some interesting data on how loyalty programs can benefit from a multi-channel approach as well. To learn more about that survey and see data on survey participant demographics, marketers can download a free copy of the Mobile Engagement survey.
Potential customers are telling us how to contact them. Perhaps we should listen.
Whether you only exhibit at one trade show a year or 20, trade shows are an effective way to grow your business. The exposure to your desired demographic and the ability to showcase your goods or services is invaluable. Yet, no matter how seasoned a brand is, many businesses fail to examine the strategy behind exhibiting. Instead, many businesses are last minute in all of their efforts when a concentrated trade show strategy would be much more effective.
If you're not currently doing any of the following, it may be time to adopt a new trade show strategy.
First and foremost, you need to gather all of your stakeholders together to develop a game plan. Your trade show strategy could easily be derailed by any number of people across departments if you're not all on the same page.
In your meetings, you should discuss everything from designing your exhibit to budget, pre-show marketing, training your booth staff, post-show follow-up and how to measure your ROI from the show. We advise these meetings should begin right after your last trade show to prepare for either next year's or next quarter's show.
Your presence on the trade show floor is important. You want to look your best, which is why you should design your trade show exhibit early. Often, exhibit houses are able to devote more time to fleshing out a truly unique and creative design with ample time before a show. Additionally, those who design their trade show exhibits early are better able to take advantage of discounts and special offers. Those savings could translate into either a more custom design or extra room in the budget to host an event.
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They say the early bird gets the worm. In this case, the old adage is true. In order to capture a prospect's attention, it requires an average of nine to 11 touches. If you start an email and calling campaign early, you'll be the brand on their minds when they get to the show.
By starting early, you can also space out your communications so your prospects aren't bombarded with daily messaging. Nothing frustrates trade show attendees more than the last weeks before the show when everyone comes out of the woodwork to email them to stop by their booth.
The latest trade show strategy is experiential events. Experiential events help draw people into your booth and make them experience your brand for themselves. There are a variety of these kinds of events: immersive, multisensory, or a good old-fashioned spectacle.
When done right, people stop at your booth to have fun while learning about your business. Consider how technology such as virtual reality, augmented reality, gamification and touch screens can all contribute to such an experience. Or you could go the route of entertainment, instruction, and more. The key is to give people a reason to stop by your booth instead of your competitor's.
Post-show, it's important that you follow up with prospects and leads within the first three days when the show is still fresh in their mind and your conversation might have struck a chord with them. Continue that conversation, invite them to lunch or simply tell them how much you enjoyed meeting them. You don't need to start off with a huge sales pitch. You're developing a relationship. As that relationship grows, it's more likely a qualified prospect will give you their business over a competitor.
A concentrated trade show strategy can yield much higher ROI than you could have imagined. However, a poor trade show strategy could ultimately be costly for a number of reasons: You may not have obtained the traction in the industry you hoped for, you may have spent far too much of your marketing budget, and you may have ultimately turned your own customers off in the process. A well-thought-out strategy can help avoid that and instead successfully grow your business.
If you’re working in construction, there are a few different licenses that you might need to obtain. Different states classify construction work slightly differently, so you might find that what you do is considered carpentry in one state, but general construction work in another. To get more work and avoid fines, you’ll need to check the general contractor licensing requirements for your state. Here's what you need to know about how to get the different licenses to run your construction company effectively.
When Do You Need a General Contractor License?
Most states in the U.S. require contractors to have a general contractor's license to work legally. Others don’t require any license, no matter what type of work you do. You only need to register with the State Contractors’ Board or the local Department of Labor.
In many states, there are a few different types of general contractors’ license. Sometimes the license you need depends on the value of the job that you’ll be doing. For example, in Arkansas, you need a license for any jobs worth over $2,000, a Residential Remodeler Limited License for work up to $50,000, and a Commercial License for all jobs over $50,000. In Mississippi and Alaska, you’ll only need a license for jobs with a value of more than $50,000, but in California, you need a license for any job worth over $500.
In other states, the license you need depends on whether you are working on residential or commercial buildings, or other types of projects. Some states require licenses for residential work only, or only for remodeling and renovations but not for new build work. For example, Minnesota requires a license for residential building and remodeling jobs, but not for commercial contractor jobs.
How Do You Get a General Contractor License?
Most states issues their general contractors’ license through either the State Contractors’ Board or the Department for Labor, so those should be your first inquiries. It’s also important to check your local county or municipal boards for local licensing requirements.
When Do You Need a Specialty Contractor License?
A "specialty contractor" license refers to contractors who are licensed as experts in one particular field. Most states use the Construction Specifications Institute codes to divide construction work into 16 specialties, although California recognizes 44 different types of contractors. In these states, specialty contractors like carpenters, painters, electricians, and roofers each have different licensing requirements.
You can find out whether you need a license to work as a carpenter, painter, roofer or HVAC technician in your state by visiting the state-by-state guides to getting licensed for your specialty. Like with general contractors, you may need to get another license at the local level, through the municipality or the county, so check your local requirements as well as your state requirements.
How Do You Get a License as a Specialty Contractor?
Most of the states that demand a specialist contractor license require you to apply for just one specialization. That means that if you’re thinking of becoming licensed as a carpenter, for example, you’ll have to give up on all electrician jobs. Other states allow you to carry out any specialized work as a handyman, as long as the value of the job is under a certain amount.
Some states, such as Alaska, consider being a handyman as a specialist contractor field on its own, but most states don’t classify it as a specialization. In most states, either you’ll be able to work as a handyman without a license, or you’ll need a general contractor or remodeler license.
Although getting a license requires some effort, there’s no need to be worried. Read up on the requirements for your state and specialization, get the experience and pass the exams that you need, and get to work!
Finding the right sales automation tool for your business can be a real challenge, as there are numerous options on the market. But finding something that works right is important. Sales automation platforms can offer an effective way to manage your sales cycle by allowing you to oversee where clients are in the sales process, and they may come with a range of automated features and options to help customize messages or provide stronger insights into customers' preferences.
So where can you start looking for something that works well with your setup? To help, we asked entrepreneurs from YEC to weigh in on the best sales automation tools to use when looking to increase revenue. Here is what they said.
Out of all the different kinds of marketing, one of the most effective is content marketing. Business owners around the world create content relating to their niche in an attempt to bring in potential customers and those with general inquiries.
The process of creating content seems straightforward, but there's a shocking number of nuances that you must pay attention to when creating articles for your website. Without even realizing it, marketers end up making numerous mistakes while creating and publishing content, which keeps the content from working as well as it should.
We are going to look at some of the most common content marketing mistakes – and what you can do to fix them on your website.
1. You're not creating enough value.
The first thing you have to ask yourself is, "Am I writing content that provides value to my audience?" If the answer is no, then you have to rethink the entire post.
The general rule of thumb is that all of the content you create for marketing must either answer a question or solve a problem. Think about what you're writing, why someone is going to land on your article, and what they are likely hoping to achieve by reading your content.
One rule we like to use is to create a list of questions before writing. When you have the topic of the piece in mind, write down questions people might ask themselves as they are reading. By the time you finish your piece, all of the questions you came up with should be answered in the text.
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2. Your content isn't evergreen.
Another common problem content creators run into is not making their content evergreen. When creating articles, think about whether or not they will still be valid months or years from now.
What makes articles like these valuable is they can never be replaced. If you create a piece discussing tips on how to do something technical, and suddenly a new method to do the aforementioned technical thing is discovered, you can simply update your article.
If you write evergreen content, visitors will be able to enjoy it for years to come. You can update and revise them through the years and repost them to spark interest. This technique will ensure that it doesn't get buried underneath new posts in your blog.
3. Your distribution is lacking.
After you create a new piece of content, how do you share it with your audience? Most companies will simply retweet their article to followers, and that can get you traffic, no doubt. However, you can do better.
Take advantage of your subscriber list. They signed up for your newsletter because they are interested in what you're doing. You can either send out individual articles or create a weekly roundup of your content.
Research shows that the best time to send emails and get click-throughs is on Tuesday. You could send out your newsletter from the week before every Tuesday and generate traffic through this means of distribution.
You can also take your social media publishing a step further. Instead of just reaching out to your followers on Facebook and Twitter by posting your article, make sure you invest in ad campaigns. The purpose of the ad campaigns is to reach out to a greater audience.
If you have a particularly special or detailed piece coming out, you may want to set up a specific ad campaign targeting people who are interested in the topic. Facebook Ads Manager can help you pinpoint specific audiences and expand your distribution on a massive scale.
4. You're not using SEO.
Misuse or lack of search engine optimization is one of the biggest content marketing mistakes business owners make. In general, SEO is a method to increase visibility in Google's search algorithm. The goal is to make it on the top of the first page when someone searches for the keywords you use for your website.
Plenty of factors go into your ranking, such as the number of backlinks you use and have, your authority, and your social media presence. But you have to make sure you are implementing SEO properly in everything you do.
Avoid overusing SEO words, also known as keyword stuffing. Make sure to use the words in all of your images and meta descriptions. While writing your content, let the keywords flow naturally. Your readers (and Google) will know if you're jamming words into your piece just for the sake of ranking.
There are plenty of guides out there to help you understand the nuances and ever-changing algorithms within the SEO formula. You just have to make sure it's properly implemented in your content if you want to successfully market to a large audience.
Content marketing is a tricky area of every business. You have to find a happy middle ground between developing interesting content, using tools like SEO and backlinks, and reaching a wide audience.
It may seem like a struggle at first to fix all of these mistakes at once if you're making two or more of them in your content. Don't fret! You can become a marketing powerhouse if you take the time to consider your content, your audience and the resources at your disposal.
As you begin to create new content and generate traffic, your audience will grow, you'll get more followers and subscribers, and creating new content will become easier. As you get a larger sample size of the people interested in your content, you can work on developing articles that will have your audience checking back daily. Implement SEO, backlinks and smart sharing behind the scenes to overcome these common content marketing mistakes. | 2019-04-23T11:58:04Z | https://www.tampabusinessconsulting.com/2018/11/customers-are-telling-us-how-to-contact.html |
Now, there are 3 leading forms of universally-acknowledged resume formats including different ways of presenting your resume-relevant advice as summarized previously. You should understandthat restart format is essential, since it can certainly increase your odds to acquire invited for an interview. In case a resume structure remains disorganized and cloudy, a future employer has possibly numerous resumes from other applicants to check through so they won’t waste time wanting to make sense of it and you’re going to overlook out your opportunity for an interview.
When you format your resume you wish to make certain your leave enough perimeter space to empower for printing. Then look at a few essential concerns to make it possible for one to clarify which arrangement will be excellent for you personally. If you’re uncertain about the structure of the restart, then you should search the world wide web to get some sample format and decide on the main one which you think can function your goal. You’re able to subsequently download the resume from many formats out there there.
If you’re taking a look in a non invasive resume format, it’s more cause why you want to receive it reviewed until you utilize it to be able to apply to jobs. The absolute most hard thing is always to choose which one restart format is acceptable for you. Therefore whenever you haven’t made up your mind about that arrangement that you would like touse, now is the moment. If you should be interested in a info-graphic format, then listed below are quite a few infographic samples to look out for there.
Yet a lot or what kind of work knowledge you’ve acquired, there exists a resume format that is likely to create your qualifications glow. Take a peek at the examples to decide on which structure is most right for you. Each restart arrangement was made to increase your chances to come across the job in 2018.
If it is likely to sort the letter. Professional letters are part of expert living. You will also receive sample letters and very best ideas to assist youpersonally.
There are a number of beautiful restart templates out there, but nevertheless, it may be simple to feel as a lot of the largest charge a ridiculous quantity of funds, require special style apps in order to editboth. Implementing a resume template is now a decent and smart practice for multiple aspects. You will find a number of free resume templates available online but it could be exceedingly challenging to choose the best one that is most suitable for your requirements .
You are able to use our professionally established resume templates along with also one way resume builder to immediately and easily establish a stand out resume. Every one of those templates are tailored and easy to make use of. First select the ideal template which you will find acceptable. Our creative templates allow one to stand out by the crowd. Each one of those resourceful style templates provide a perfectly balanced blend of individuality , professionalism along with any style.
Only fill in the vital sections like educations and abilities, choose the subject you need and save the CV. It’s crucial that additionally, you tailor your CV to every single project to produce certain that it highlights the abilities that are associated with the project. You are going to have the ability to produce a web based CV for virtually any endeavor, that range between accountant to picture designer.
The very last thing you want to do is get work that you can’t really do. When you are asking for work which relies upon the benefits of this individual, you require a resume template you might inject somewhat more personality to allow it to pop’. As you have by now understood writing a fantastic resume is not a simple job you could do.
You will find three kinds of resumes, each with its own benefits and advantages. Chronological resumes aren’t the perfect match for pupils as they don’t really have lots of expertise within the very original location. Functional resumes are also equally all great for emphasizing abstract skills which are going to become more related to a brand new area of job.
Simply make sure, whichever format you select, which you’re targeting it to your job which you’re deciding on. Also be sure you tailor the document to this job that you’re searching for. Simply because you’ve got zero knowledge or it really is your own first occupation.
Our occupation is to aid you in having your resume available so you could have your fantasy occupation once potential. It really is cool that you’re trying to find a job to have a money, however, you will want some difficulties together with resume. When you’re working at your overall job you’re perhaps maybe not stressed, seems like that which goes easy with no troubles. You’ll find varieties of overall restart types it will be possible to follow along predicated on which type of strategy you desire your resume to have applying for the favorite job.
You’re hunting for resume templates that are simple. Go right ahead and decide on the ATS friendly resume template that may assist you to find the desirable job. It’s likely to get into the restart template at no cost and can edit the template using Microsoft word. Following adding your very own personal info inside the restart template you are now able to edit this resume template based upon your academic qualifications and professional experiences. You may also download free templates out of your own Resume Library to get going in your own resume. By using a restart template is getting a decent and wise clinic for all explanations. The PSD is extremely straightforward to customize and edit.
Have a peek at the instances to decide on that format is the most appropriate for you. Mix format would be your combination of each of the other formats. Each format is distinguished by some features which help convey more concerning the candidate. Chronological format is most reliable for an experienced customer service partner. But, the chronological format is perfect for a seasoned prospect to emphasize the history. You are able to choose the chosen or functional format based in your demand, experience and processes. Hence it is necessary to elect for the correct format to get the IT expert CV.
Yet a lot or what sort of work knowledge you have received, there is a resume format that’s likely to produce your skills shine. There’s also an third format you might have learn about, referred to being a Combination format.” It’s possible to utilize any one of the above mentioned formats in accordance by means of your need, however simply make sure that the arrangement you choose should promote your skills from the ideal way. You can use the format if you have discontinuity in your work previous to or hopped the jobs often before. Therefore, in case you’ve got a resume which isn’t within a ATS-friendly format, it is probable that you wont be contacted for a scheduled appointment. There are three major formats widely employed for composing resumes.
If you are producing the CV on your own own, you might look it dependent in your desire but you should be careful in case you are using the online design resume templates. The most critical consideration to start using is writing your private CV. So, to locate a superb career, you should find out to earn a CV and market yourself. Use a note document to make the sample CV that you can easily edit and when demanded.
Going throughout the restart samples, you’re going to get a notion on which will be the important things to get a perfect restart and also exactly what you could include inside your app. Resume templates and examples are very useful, particularly whenever you’re writing one of one’s very first indications. There’s no doubt that a resume which is both cohesive and professional will have a much greater possibility of standing out of the audience even supposing it’s made by using a template.
It will be possible that you use a functional format if you are a fresher application. You can even provide a skills section in that you simply list soft-skills together with almost some other languages, programs, or certifications you have received. When you are creating the technical expertise section, you should take exclusive care to enlist the particular job related apps on your CV.
Assessing the business and the work description, and including appropriate key words phrases and phrases, are critical for your own success. Moreover, the sample customer service resume will assist you in detailing what section you have surely got to concentrate on and how an ideal customer-service resume should look like. You’re going to be surrounded by composing pros all through the plan of order placement, and when you opt to purchase essay and pick a qualified author, things will likely make even more intriguing. Skills Skills would be the most crucial portion of consumer service resumes. As being a more comprehensive, you will need to focus in your existing client service skills to find attention from your recruiters.
Our resumes are frequently the very first belief a possible employer gets people. Use the following ideas to make your restart very stick out. It’s possible for you to down load as many resumes as you desire. Extended resumes won’t get attention from employing managers and wont be go through and thus won’t get one of the desired occupation prospect. Implementing brief paragraphs, links that are simple, and bulleted lists will provide one of exactly the additional oomph you will need to generate an unforgettable restart.
From freshers into experienced, every one would like a restart to submit a software for virtually any work. First, you CV ought to be manufactured based on the type of job which you are applying. Employ the same restart for each project. Finding a good project has at all times been a challenge.
You have the ability to get into the restart template at no cost and can edit the template with Microsoft word. Whenever you want to callup this template, then here’s what you’re doing. Though there’s simply no pay letter template comprised, it needs to be simple to generate your own.
Programs function as a outline or guide around which you can build your resume. A good template is simply a hint. After that you have to be certain to’re staying supplied fully-customizable templates.
Keep in mind, totally free survey templates have been all made to catch the awareness, not the interest of the folks who really matter, for example hiring recruiters and managers. Deciding the incorrect template could somewhat damage your chances of receiving an interview. Templates and suggestions, restart template.
After you purchase, the template is indefinitely yourswhich usually means that you may upgrade once you own a name alter or wish to emphasize a more recent accomplishment. Utilizing a resume template is now a great and smart clinic for several reasons. Implementing a resume template is currently an acceptable and wise practice for all elements.
Templates can frequently be downloaded and then utilised within an wordprocessor. Lots of templates are either obsolete or created from women and men that are not experts in the field of resume composing. It’s likely to get into this totally free template here.
If you should be hunting for a straightforward but beautiful layout that’s sure to interest almost any potential employer compared to you are in appropriate location. The clean and effortless design can allow one to demonstrate your skills, portfolio items in an outstanding way. From that point you will choose your template styles, fonts and colours.
You’ll find a number of ways to create a original and professional resume online so that you will be ready for the following employment interview and application. How To earn A Resume FreeOur resume-builder makes it possible for you to make an ideal resume in minutes. About our free account provides you might possibly even find complimentary.
You may make use of the data which you get back from them to help you with prospective software. Or else, it might eliminate the info onto your restart. The information that you include on your own resume ought to be seeing the occupation that you’re applying for. In the event that you would like to include more details, you may possibly prefer a text-oriented template.
In the event you are unsure what advice needs to be included filling in the blanks will guide you get through the process alongside our tips and help. It is crucial that you understand what information you should present, and also to bargain with each facet and obviously. It’s important it’s clear and straightforward also that information may be read. The info ought to be sufficient to grab the interest of whoever’s reading it, meaning the shade and layout decisions should become reasonably subdued by comparison. Brands love to find networking kits since it supplies advice about your weblog which helps them figure out whether your web site has been the right socket to have out the word about their merchandise or service.
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Builder is your best way to pick from creature. A restart builder can be an online tool that automatically produces a professional resume together with the advice you entered. Our resume builder would be the speediest approach to produce a resume that could help you get your fantasy occupation. Your totally free rAsumA builder resume templates to personalize is among one of the most important elements of your occupation program.
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Resume templates are best for people who do not possess the skill of producing striking resumes. Even in the event the template is completely free, then they’ll attempt to reach up you for different products or services. Let’s decide to try to compose a ideal template .
Even the entire range of resume templates is composedof an assortment of creative resume designs. The template needs to have an area for composing capabilities and also about the certificate a person may have. The Ashley template has a very exceptional societal networking section.
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DO be certain the remainder of your restart is wholly machine readable. Picking the perfect resume template may be challenging. Most useful of 2018, professional and clean Resume Templates are excellent for almost any opportunity and assist one to receive your fantasy job. It really is great for an expert who specializes on social networking or website advertising.
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A template will notify you all the important data you should be mentioning in your CV, using special reference to the type of placement you’re looking for. Once you have chosen your best resume template out of our choice, abide by along with entirely free of charge expert guidance about how you can craft the ideal modern resume. Our resourceful templates enable you to stand out by the audience. All our innovative fashion templates offer you a perfectly balanced blend of personality, professionalism along with only just a bit of style.
Resumes don’t will need to carry a lot of one’s energy and effort but nevertheless really should not be ignored. They offer the all important first feelings to an employer an applicant cannot offer during the first period of the application form procedure. Practical resumes are every so often also referred to as competency-based resumes. An practical Resume or expertise Resume is intended to emphasize your own skills and accomplishments in addition to one’s restart as an alternative of set these under the jobs or positions you have held like in a chosen resume.
Persons reviewing resumes desire to find certain words to stick on the resume. They don’t need to be boring. Recognizing just how you can tailor your resume will probably clearly provide you with an advantage. If you’re attempting to personalize specialist, pre-formatted resumes, please take a good look at our free downloadable templates. Creating striking resumes with resume templates is also fairly a simple and effective process that makes it possible for one to compose a fantastic resume in a very restricted moment.
When there are a lot of pro CV and resume writing companies which can be found on the web, plus so they’ll undoubtedly do the duty for you personally, it is going to set you back to truly own a resume created to you particularly. Instead of the arrangement of an application form, a CV helps it be feasible for you to receive advice round but also establish a creativity and flair and essentially we’ll explain how to make a CV. While there are a great deal of specialist CV and resume writing products and companies that can be found online, and so they’ll certainly perform the task for you personally, it will cost you to receive it written for you particularly.
Resume templates are just one way to guarantee arrangement supporting your own restart. It comes with amazing animation. Resume templates should be utilized as guides to help you create a resume that highlights your own identifying mixture of practical expertise and abilities and skills. You will see that we’ve found both standard white and black templates as well as a lot of innovative kinds together with colors and graphics added. Some times all you will be needing is a classic design template which is clean, clear and right into your stage.
Many usually do not need any sort of download, you are able to only consider the tips you need and leave the rest. You can find lots of free survey templates or samples available online, making it simple and convenient for somebody to alter one according for their own very own needs. The free resume template has been invented inside the form of the booklet.
In order to acquire your preferred job which that you must have an effective restart. Previous to producing a restart make a list of each one of the requirements for the particular job you are attempting to obtain. Your most recent job needs to be the summit of one’s career thus far. If you are attempting to obtain job in bookkeeping or finance you call for averystrong resume.
In the event you don’t get confessed, identify an alternative endeavor. Particular types of work from the food service industry demand resumes using a number of their exact same skills. Whenever you’re asking for a job which relies upon the strengths of the individual, you require a resume template that you may inject somewhat bit more personality to make it pop up’. Also be certain that you tailor the file to this job that you’re searching for. Transportation tasks involve a lot of responsibility along with your resume will require to signify you can look after that.
If you should be browsing for a fast technique to begin with your resume, google docs resume templates are among the handiest solutions all over. A template provides you with a recommended structure for your documents, which means you can quickly start composing. You’ll shortly notice some restart templates have been secured until you find yourself with a pro variation for more months. Google Docs’ letter templates supply you a unified appearance to coincide with the form of one’s own resume. To start with, it supplies a exact simple design for building your CV including all the significant pieces of info like contact data, portfolio, bio, knowledge, and choices. Templates have shown results to produce an astonishing restart. You will definitely locate the Google Spreadsheet templates you want to purchase.
Deciding an online resume builder will depend up on the kind of work you are looking for. A online builder knows concerning the modern trend and occupation prerequisites. Utilizing a resume builder can enable you to rapidly craft a resume that highlights your unique abilities. Before start with a resume builder, then you also should possess every one among your advice convenient.
Scroll to obtain a number of the very best Google Docs resume templates readily available online. If you’re new to applying Google Docs, the partitioning capabilities are simple to use. Opportunely, google docs has an option for it!
Generally in the majority of cases, you’re able to locate a free down load to get a resume builder without no issues. Most free resume writing applications will on average ensure it is possible for you to create a synopsis of one’s work history in moments using the usage of an individual friendly user interface or magician. Lots of complimentary resume builders are on the internet and also you also couuld see them by doing a very straightforward search employing suitable search criteria.
You may only have to go visit the sites and soon you find one that you’d love touse. The others are supplied by graphic designing websites. Hopefully this post it may support one to come across advice that people provide. Using a resume builder, all you could have to do is fill out the data asked. Consequently, before you create your resume public, be sure you need your resume along with most of the personal details on it available to everyone and anybody on the web.
When you have depended on all the information which you includes on your resume, you need to discover a template that will emphasize your achievements in the absolute most useful method. Be certain you’ve written up-to-date and appropriate contact details. You have to make certain you totally grasp the work description well as a way to come up with a target which is related to the business needs. The overview also must be a person which grabs the attention of their reader. For all people who are inexperienced or haven’t established an summary of their job history at a protracted time, an reasonably priced alternative could use free resume writing software.
Initially glance resume writing software can offer several perks and will be seemingly the best remedy into lots of job seekers. Basically, every and every project should receive its own specific resume. In case you’re on the lookout for employment, it is probably you simply know you require a great restart. If you would like to be given a perform or are searching to change work then you definitely need to contemplate your resume.
Programs could possibly be properly used in earning CV, restart as an easy method to employ for tasks. Your template may also have matters like different segments. You will find numerous colorful templates for both, personal and company utilization.
Read More, listed below are some research templates that it isn’t difficult to adjust to satisfy your requirements. It’s swift and simple to locate and use templates. A wonderful template is just one which is at an posture to stick out from the others .
Hunt by file form to create sure that you are able to use the templates you’ll find. The most best thing concerning resume templates is they will have many restart samples that it is possible to use. Each restart template needs to be related into this vacant place and mayn’t seem generic.
Templates are able to help you structure your letter and resume accordingly that they’re well structured. A template additionally only can assist you to conserve moment. You can find a number of unique templates that it is possible to use to build up your restart.
You need to develop a structure that is simply right to your particular job that you’re looking for. It is preferable to own a resume with a very straightforward format than just one using an outrageous layout that’s rejected immediately. At any time you might possess the effortless format, Next think about adding Two or One Communication hence it is crucial to receive it accurately. You can find numerous password formats that you may use for your cover letter, along with multiple restart formats too. Once you make your collection that the file goes to be downloaded into a computer system. You can also talk about your papers with different folks.
You will find a number of explanations it is you might be sending a memo. On occasion, it’s sent to people away from the organization . however, it’s not as common and it is ordinarily used for company communication within a provider. An Australian memo may be considered a better selection, especially if everything you need to state is crucial.
In the event you don’t see just how to organize a memo, then you may merely choose the category and it’s going provide you with a set of templates. As a memo is effectively an internal news item notifying the others of special advancements, it’s important to receive a superior idea of the info which ought to be carried out. Memos usually are considered a formal technique of communicating. An memo can be sent to lots of distinct people in a company or organization. An office memo can be part of document or perhaps even a remember that’s a normal supply of advice within an workplace seeing significant finds or announcements and other work-related pursuits. As an extra advice, workplace memos are signed with the most person at work or at least the 1 in-charge of producing memos. The best way to compose a productive workplace memo will be always to get yourself a catchy name, some thing which says all of it.
No thing for what purpose which you wish to use the memo, you also can do it throughout the usage of memo templates. In massive companies or organizations, memos are put at the common regions of the office in order for this to become visible and everyone might be created aware of some crucial statements. The memo, as truly one of one of the absolute most typical kinds of inside business communication in virtually any sort of company, is definitely a worthwhile format to comprehend.
Me Mos should be used when you would love to convey advice to one or more individuals as part of your own organization written down. Make sure your memo will be not readable. All memos have just two major parts, each using a few sub sections. Ergo, the memo should be fully clarified in the exact first paragraph, or even 2 when they truly are short and readily skimmable. Industry memos could offer a higher level of power and much more compared to an simple email, but just as long as they’re formatted correctly. When you must write a business memo, it might be valuable to utilize a foul-smelling template to begin.
An memo is also largely a communication instrument employed in business from disseminating information across the company. Additionally, it is not typically a spot for editorializing. Below the industry title and brand, there exists a bold letter Fax Memo.
You will find various formats that are utilized by unique companies to prepare the memo. A memo arrangement gives small but concise advice which gets throughout the full small business. Implementing a VoIP arrangement features consistency at the dissemination of this info. There are many different structure of memo to create usage of.
You can use different formats. A relatively strict format can be used to communicate data in a efficient and highly effective way. Basically, in the event that you would love to produce separate file formats to receive the internal memo then inner memo template will soon be a far greater option foryou.
You are going to learn different sort of memo templates . An memo template may be considered a handwritten document or perhaps a typed page based on the prerequisites of organization. If you should be searching for a memo template (Word) afterward it isn’t difficult to use our totally free memo templates to produce a Word file that might be used to produce Me Mos. So, it’s necessary for you to choose picking internal memo template also may in fact offer you an assurance of best work done in the shortest quantity of time.
When you’re employing the Memo Template and you also change up this upward, you can allow it to be special for your organization or company. If you’re employing the memo template to compose letters to persons apart from the company subsequently you definitely ought to include touch details to allow them to be intouch with you. Employing the memo templates is exceptionally effortless. Everything gets simple and quick once you’re utilising an internal memo template.
When you opt to use our Me Mo Template rather than designing your own, you’ll discover you may help save yourself time and be in a position to procure more achieved. You want to get a Memo Template that is stylish, one using a exceptional appearance to it. An memo template might be used in court as proof that a specific arrangement was created. The Inter Office Memo Template for phrase is quite a nice and dependable template that you may use to work with you to create interoffice memos. | 2019-04-23T00:15:23Z | http://molehillindependent.com/bewerbungsschreiben-englisch/ |
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ORLANDO, Fla., April eight, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- From HDI conference & Expo, Ivanti, the business that unifies IT to greater control and comfy the digital workplace, announced it has built-in Ivanti® provider manager and Ivanti Asset manager right into a single cloud-optimized management platform. collectively, these solutions bring comprehensive asset lifecycle optimization with the workflow automation and advanced service administration that empowers IT groups to convey effective, compliant and relaxed service beginning to clients from any place.
"With the increasing demands placed on modern IT companies, or not it's important to deliver core IT and business features faster, whereas optimizing the efficiency and cost of existing IT assets," stated Ian Aitchison, senior product director at Ivanti. "with the aid of integrating our IT service and IT asset management expertise right into a single, unified cloud platform, we are giving IT groups the entire solution they deserve to gain operational effectivity whereas optimizing costs. Now IT has the energy and perception that hyperlinks to machine buy facts and refresh cycles so that they can see all their options to raise client satisfaction and productiveness."
Ivanti client, carrier agency overseas (SCI), who's also a finalist within the HDI 2019 top-rated Use of know-how Award class, makes use of Ivanti IT service management options to achieve a seamless connection between the enterprise's frequent operations with consistent and automatic workflows in the cloud.
"Our choice to flow to the cloud paid off in spades when storm Harvey and typhoon Irma led to most important outages in Houston, Texas and Orlando, Fla. final fall," mentioned Thomas Smith, director of IT and telecom guide at SCI. "because we use Ivanti service manager in the cloud, we had been capable of stay up and operating with out lacking a beat. For our valued clientele, it turned into enterprise as normal, as a whole bunch of IT employees, compelled to develop into remote people for the duration, install virtual workplaces of their buildings or at local espresso shops the place they persevered to carry carrier consistency from their laptops and other cellular devices."
To be taught extra concerning the Ivanti unified IT carrier and asset management consult with Ivanti at HDI booth #707, April 7-12, at Rosen Shingle Creek, Orlando, Fla. For extra counsel on Ivanti carrier supervisor, consult with: https://www.ivanti.com/products/service-manager. For greater assistance on Ivanti Asset supervisor, consult with: https://www.ivanti.com/items/asset-manager.
Ivanti: The vigor of Unified IT. Ivanti unifies IT and safety Operations to more desirable manipulate and comfy the digital office. From PCs to mobile instruments, VDI, and the facts center, Ivanti discovers IT property on-premises and within the cloud, improves IT carrier birth, and reduces chance with insights and automation. The business also helps companies leverage up to date technology in the warehouse and throughout the provide chain to increase start devoid of editing backend techniques. Ivanti is headquartered in Salt Lake metropolis, Utah and has places of work far and wide the area. For extra tips, visit www.ivanti.com and comply with @GoIvanti.
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo., Nov. 13-- HDI (http://thinkhdi.com/), the realm's largest membership association for IT service and aid specialists and the premier certification body for the trade, has introduced several important updates to its industry-leading working towards and certification choices for IT carrier and guide specialists.
HDI has up-to-date its foreign certification requirements to comprise STI advantage's most desirable practices. In guide of those up to date standards, HDI has launched two new lessons and certifications: HDI guide middle Analyst and assist core manager, and retired several classes and certifications, including HDI assist Desk Analyst Boot Camp, HDI support Desk manager and STI's certified aid Desk knowledgeable, certified assist Desk supervisor and licensed group Lead. despite the fact, HDI will continue to admire the retired certifications below the brand new HDI Certification names: guide core Analyst, support center group Lead, and guide center supervisor.
additionally, HDI has bundled its practising and certification offerings, leading to a a great deal extra reasonably priced and efficient method to get trained and HDI- certified. help gurus who purchase an HDI direction, either instructor-led or online, will also acquire access to take the certification examination. individuals purchase a certification examination only may additionally nevertheless accomplish that by way of the HDI e-save (http://www.thinkhdi.com/estore/certification/).
HDI is also introducing an enhancement to the HDI learning middle to aid online certification tests. college students taking online lessons will now be in a position to take the certification examination on-line. college students taking the instructor-led support middle Analysts and aid middle team Lead will proceed to take their certification assessments by means of Pearson Vue test facilities.
"These adjustments and tendencies reflect HDI's dedication to proposing the industry's premier practising and certification choices for the IT provider and aid business and commitment to staying on the innovative of the business with the most recent standards, courses and certification offerings," spoke of Rick Joslin, HDI's new executive director of coaching and certification.
In a related announcement these days, HDI introduced a brand new faculty for its practicing and certification branch and a flow far from its former approved working towards associate (ATP) mannequin. See www.thinkhdi.com/publications/pressReleases/ for more guidance on this announcement.
HDI is the realm's largest membership affiliation for IT service and assist experts and the premier certification body for the industry. based in 1989, HDI's mission is to guide and promote the IT carrier and guide industry by empowering its members through access to well timed and useful business suggestions, together with studies and publications; encouraging member collaboration through hobbies and on-line boards; and establishing internationally recognized, standards-based mostly trade certification and practising programs. apart from membership, certification and practising, HDI produces the realm's biggest and optimum-rated adventure for provider and guide gurus, the HDI Annual convention & Expo. HDI is member-focused, and is still dealer-neutral in its efforts to facilitate open, independent networking and assistance sharing throughout its international affiliation community. HDI has more than 7,500 contributors international together with most of the Fortune 500, 60 native chapters in North the united states and membership places of work on every continent. For extra advice, discuss with www.thinkhdi.com/ or name (800) 248-5667.
reside up to date on trade information and tendencies, product bulletins and the latest innovations.
HDI, the main corporation dedicated to elevating service and aid across the commercial enterprise, nowadays exhibits more than forty bulletins from HDI 2019 conference & Expo exhibitors. every exhibitor will exhibit their newest improvements in the Expo hall Tuesday - Thursday of the experience, proposing attendees with a primary-hand seem to be on the new options impacting the service and aid industry.
"The Expo hall offers our attendees with a distinct probability to study in regards to the newest items and features in our business in a hands-on and interactive environment," spoke of joy Sobhani, community event Director, HDI. "each exhibitor will exhibit the technologies, options and concepts they've developed that may positively influence the HDI viewers and their organizations."
superior utility items neighborhood, Inc. (ASPG) (sales space 426) will exhibit ReACT, an business leader in commercial enterprise password reset and synchronization application, and should reveal ReACT's most recent elements; element & click visible text Editor, greater Helpdesk Portal & Dashboard, Delegation control, TOTP support, and OAR: Offline entry recuperation.
Alemba (booth 413) will showcase its company-new IT carrier administration platform, Alemba service manager X. This solution can support clients reply right away to business demands by way of dramatically cutting back time to request fulfilment.
Atlassian (booth 425) will showcase Jira service Desk enhancements, including a redesigned support center concentrated on easy self-service. they will additionally display Opsgenie, Atlassian's new incident management platform for working always-on features, empowering Dev & Ops groups to plot for provider disruptions and stay in control right through incidents.
Attivio (sales space 404) will show off its new suite of apps for ServiceNow, increase, as smartly because the Attivio Platform. Attivio will reveal first-hand how its new suite improves the inside and external support event through content unification, AI and laptop learning.
Avatier (booth 609) will showcase Apollo, the area's first AI digital agent to securely automate any IT project for your customers and workforce. beyond identification management, Apollo augments business operations to tremendously in the reduction of operational and labor fees while including an outstanding consumer journey. it works throughout essentially all messaging interfaces to maximize productivity and user adoption.
Axios systems (sales space 603) will show off the brand new AI chatbot integration features of its main ITSM solution, assyst, in addition to key updates to its integrated Asset Discovery (assyst ITOM Suite) performance to support end-clients manage service, property and guide in a single fit-for-goal software.
BeyondTrust (sales space 806) will unveil the newest edition of its regularly occurring remote aid product. version 19.1 can be the newest update to this answer that provides assist desk groups with comfortable, quick faraway entry and support to any device or device, anywhere on the planet.
BMC software (booth 615) will show off how BMC Helix permits businesses to radically change ITSM performance into the intelligent, modern adventure patrons demand: cognitive provider administration. BMC Helix gives you everything-as-a-provider on cloud of alternative and presents drastically enhancing operational efficiencies to bring pace, scale, and value mark downs.
BOSS options (booth 715) will showcase solutions named FrontRunners(R) in IT aid Desk application three years in a row by utility information, a Gartner business, BOSSDesk on the cloud and BOSS aid crucial for on-premise. each incorporate the superior consumer Interface and a carrier Catalog that can also be personalized to fulfill all consumer wants.
BrainStorm (sales space 637) will exhibit their intelligent getting to know solution, QuickHelp(TM), which presents lots of customized, critical studying content in a single handy-to-use platform. Leveraging machine gaining knowledge of, gamification, and evaluation equipment, QuickHelp makes it possible for companies to do extra with their Microsoft technology by way of empowering even the most trade-resistant person to become savvy with their software.
Cherwell application (booth 509) will show off the award-successful Cherwell service Platform, which enables clients to automate workflows, combine methods, and enrich employee productivity for departments internal and outside the average boundaries of IT. they're going to additionally showcase their options for HR, protection, PPM, and facilities, which provides a price-valuable option to make work movement throughout the commercial enterprise.
CITSmart (sales space 400) will exhibit its Workflow Digital Intelligence platform that depends on adventure and AI to connect individuals and digital supplies to streamline work and expand company results.
Cognidesk (sales space 311) will exhibit its clever automation and AI based mostly platform, which makes it possible for constructing and deploying a goal-developed digital Assistant for place of work IT assist.
ComAround (booth 410) will show off ComAround expertise(TM), an impressive AI and cloud-based mostly capabilities administration software (KMS) notably designed to optimize the support flow via sharing accurate knowledge on the correct time. The KMS aligns with the methodology competencies-established service (KCS(R)) and is KCS V6 confirmed.
CompTIA (MR1) highlights its new CompTIA A+ Core series certification for tech carrier and aid authorities. the new CompTIA A+ reflects the growing to be impact of latest and rising technologies in commercial enterprise networks, emphasizing issue-fixing and critical considering advantage in areas comparable to cloud computing, cybersecurity, IoT and virtualization.
DriveSavers records recuperation (sales space 523) announces new chip-degree advancements in iPhone statistics restoration. information can also be recovered even in cases of the place the PCB board has been destroyed. With new proprietary equipment and ideas, these developments assist reunite iPhone users with their irreplaceable photographs, video clips and different information.
EasyVista (booth 514) will exhibit EV Self aid, a contemporary approach to self-service that comprises using intelligent expertise, AI and chatbots to automate aid and cut back service desk calls by using 30%. Attendees will additionally get hold of a copy of the HDI document: Self-help matters, a short-start ebook for increasing self-service success.
Freshworks Inc. (booth 414) will exhibit its newest function, Conversational Portal, which turns your self-service portal into a conversational interface. This chat-powered self-provider portal will supply clients familiar conversational experience, making it convenient to devour competencies-based mostly articles, request provider objects, and retain tune of tickets.
Fusion world company options (sales space 302) will showcase its outcomes-based capabilities, extended 24x7 world guide, BMC functions and expert vetted aid carrier at HDI 2019.
Goverlan attain (booth 807) will reveal closing help tickets quicker with its advanced feature set and integration with ticketing programs. aid actions are auto-updated to case notes, leading to multiplied productivity and a robust support KB. features consist of: true-time detection of user logged-in workstations, resolving considerations without consumer involvement, automating enterprise-extensive tasks and stories.
Hornbill (sales space 524) will show off creative IT carrier administration software that simplifies, automates and optimizes the flow of labor for IT, HR, amenities and other groups. Automate repetitive initiatives, eliminate waste and convey client-like provider experiences that keep employees engaged and recommended. bring value that makes life in IT more suitable.
clever dispensing options (booth 535) will show off its give Dispensers and Lockers that provide personnel with quick, self-carrier entry to tech add-ons and resources. IDS now offers deliver Lockers with powered cubicles (shops / CAT5 Ethernet) to ensure laptops, capsules, smartphones, and rechargeable handheld belongings are fully charged when the consumer accesses the equipment.
Kinetic facts (booth 634) publicizes its new Tech Bar answer. This answer elevates your carrier desk experiences by using featuring easy and constructive in-adult support.
Lessonly (booth 310) will show a way to boost crew self belief and capabilities with real-existence follow scenarios like chat, ticketing, and e mail all inside its practising platform.
LumenVox (booth 403) will show off its Password Reset answer. Designed to reduce fees associated with guide calls and cut conclusion-consumer downtime, LumenVox Password Reset is an automated, self-service solution to seamlessly reset or unencumber end consumer bills by utilising their flexible multifactor authentication platform for accelerated protection and comfort.
MarXtar (booth 315) will launch their cellular app interact at HDI 2019. MarXtar will additionally exhibit business Notifier, a committed roundtrip messaging and alerting solution that gives key ITSM and protection stakeholders with mission critical communications and safeguard alerts with out getting misplaced in e mail or textual content message site visitors.
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ORLANDO, Fla., April 8, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- From HDI Conference & Expo, Ivanti, the company that unifies IT to better manage and secure the digital workplace, announced it has integrated Ivanti® Service Manager and Ivanti Asset Manager into a single cloud-optimized management platform. Together, these solutions deliver complete asset lifecycle optimization with the workflow automation and advanced service management that empowers IT teams to bring efficient, compliant and secure service delivery to users from anywhere.
To learn more about the Ivanti unified IT service and asset management visit Ivanti at HDI booth #707, April 7-12, at Rosen Shingle Creek, Orlando, Fla. For more information on Ivanti Service Manager, visit: https://www.ivanti.com/products/service-manager. For more information on Ivanti Asset Manager, visit: https://www.ivanti.com/products/asset-manager.
Ivanti: The Power of Unified IT. Ivanti unifies IT and Security Operations to better manage and secure the digital workplace. From PCs to mobile devices, VDI, and the data center, Ivanti discovers IT assets on-premises and in the cloud, improves IT service delivery, and reduces risk with insights and automation. The company also helps organizations leverage modern technology in the warehouse and across the supply chain to improve delivery without modifying backend systems. Ivanti is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah and has offices all over the world. For more information, visit www.ivanti.com and follow @GoIvanti. | 2019-04-24T08:17:20Z | http://www.partillerocken.com/certs.php?exam=QQ0-300 |
Make sure you see Thibaut Courtois' match-winning penalty. Foot = traction engine.
We'll see you tomorrow for more pre-season fun and games. Arsenal in action. See you there!
What a penalty! Unstoppable. Thibaut Courtois smashes it home left-footed, right into the top corner. One of the best spot-kicks I've ever seen!
Courtois dives to his left and saves.
Into the corner. There have been some excellent penalties.
Courtois gets a hand to the ball but it is powerfully struck and he cannot keep it out.
Very, very cheeky. Sirigu shapes to dive, ball goes the other way.
Smashes it. No chance for Courtois.
Waits for the keeper to dive and then slots his penalty into the opposite corner.
This time it is Courtois who dives to his right and makes a very decent save.
Salvatore Sirigu dives to his right and makes a one-handed save.
Courtois dives the wrong way.
Keeper guesses correctly, diving to his left, but once again the spot kick is right into the corner.
This one is smashed, hard. No chance for Courtois.
Again, the keeper dives the correct way, down to his right, but again the penalty is precise and finds the back of the net.
So, so close for the Chelsea keeper, who dives the correct way but the penalty is low and slotted into the bottom corner.
Grumpy old man alert but: the time taken between full-time and a penalty shootout is ridiculous these days. An age.
Almost the winner! Sub Jean-Christophe Bahebeck fires over for PSG.
Right, let's be having a winner. We've all got homes to go to.
Whatever happens this season PSG look like they will be some side to watch in the champions league. Lucas Maura has been excellent today then add in Cavani, Pastore and the likelihood of Di Maria and they will be some side going forward. Their only weakness for me is in the defence. Brilliant performance so far today.
Late night spot-kicks anyone? Looking likely as the sting has really gone out of this game.
Sutton, Shevchenko, Torres - will Radamel Falcao be another striking flop at Chelsea or can he refind his feet?
The Colombian's first touch to tame a cross is brilliant on this occasion but he delays his shot and it's well blocked.
There are over 60,000 fans in the stands. We will go to penalties as it stands.
Edinson Cavani swings a woeful shot over from the angle before Eden Hazard is replaced by Juan Cuadrado. Second season syndrome? He needs the reverse.
Radamel Falcao is straight into the action to get back and win the ball for the Blues, he then finds Loic Remy whose low shot is held by Salvatore Sirigu, just on in goal for PSG.
Oscar, Willian, Radamel Falcao and Loic Remy all come on for Chelsea. It's Falcao's first run out in the number nine shirt.
He gets a huge reception in Charlotte.
Excellent finish from Victor Moses by the way. Didn't slash at it, just guided it in. But the pass was majestic.
Cesc Fabregas made a mess of the chance a few moments ago but back in the architect's chair he drafts a gem of a pass. Head up, floats the ball over the top, it is inch-perfect for Victor Moses to run on to and volley crisply home.
Big acrobatic celebration from Nigerian winger. A fixture in the coming season?
Thiago SIlva gets a huge ovation as he comes on at the back for PSG, also on is Edinson Cavani.
The Parisians come straight down the other end and Lucas Moura drags a half-volley past the post. Opening up.
Should score. PSG self destruct at the back and the ball falls at the feet of Cesc Fabregas, he has all the space and time in the world but he still uses too much of both, delaying and delaying his shot and eventually seeing his shot blocked. Victor Moses rattles the loose ball wide.
Diego Costa swings an arm in the direction of Serge Aurier, it's not particularly violent but it riles the Ivorian, who hacks Costa down. Vicious.
That's a shocker and it's a booking. That row has been brewing since 30 seconds into the game.
Jose Mourinho won't be happy with this. I know pre-season doesn't really matter but Chelsea look like they are phoning it in. Pretty half-hearted stuff.
Chelsea growing back into the game after a slow start to the second half. Diego Costa has landed more verbal blows than shots on goal so far tonight though. Eden Hazard is definitely still in holiday mode.
'Let's go Diego!' shouts a particularly vocal fan as Costa chases down a long ball into the channel. Chelsea second best at the minute as Thiago Motta tests Thibaut Courtois with a curling strike from 22 yards.
Three changes for PSG too. In come Marquinhos, Thiago Motta and Adrien Rabiot, off go Benjamin Stambouli, Marco Verratti and David Luiz.
Chelsea make three changes: Thibaut Courtois for Asmir Begovic, Kurt Zouma for Gary Cahill and Ramires for Jon Mikel Obi.
Here we go, back under way. Both sides have made changes, I'll confirm and get back to you.
David Luiz is wearing flip flops and a t-shirt. I guess he's not playing in the second half!
I'm gutted to see Di Maria leave. His performances in the Copa would have helped his morale and confidence and how often do you see players struggle in their first season (Henry and Bergkamp even did) I'm sure he would have ripped up the league this season and he's world class. Three goals in his first 5 including that sublime chipped goal in the 5-3 loss to Leicester. As a football fan I'm sorry to see him inevitably now leave.
Manchester United changed all 11 players in one hit after the hour mark earlier on. Will Jose Mourinho make some switches now?
It sounds increasingly like Angel Di Maria is an ex-Manchester United player.
The £60m man never really did it in the Premier League. He played very well in a defeat at Leicester as I recall - but that's not really £60m worth of performances.
Re Abdul Kabir's message. Chelsea only lost twice last year. 2-1 injury hit Newcastle (who ended up having their third choice keeper in goal in the second half) and 5-3 at Tottenham. You beat Swansea 4-2 and 5-0 and Everton 6-3 for starters so you's didn't do badly not parking the bus in them matches. You're much better when you's go for it in matches.
What a save that is! Asmir Begovic was under a bit of stick for his performance in Chelsea's last pre-season game but he's having a fine game. A brilliant one-handed stop to keep out Lucas' low shot.
Cesc Fabregas and Nemanja Matic, weak? Not so sure about that Bamba.
Another good save from Asmir Begovic. big, big hand to get to Jean-Kevin Augustin.
PSG turn it on and Chelsea can't handle it. Twice Lucas goes down under a challenge but twice he's waved to his feet before Marco Verratti ghosts in behind Gary Cahill, unmarked, but Asmir Begovic is out quickly and he can only chip it wide.
What a run from Lucas Moura! The Brazilian drives at the heart of the Chelsea defence, has them backed up to the 18-yard box and then cracks in a drive, it deflects up off the block from Gary Cahill and is flying in until Asmir Begovic beats it away with a strong left hand.
Chelsea seeing more of the ball but Eden Hazard has been very quiet thus far. Victor Moses on the opposite flank had one early run but not seen the ball since.
Good game again. Chelsea counter well, finding Diego Costa on the left of the box. Tight angle, but he hammers in a left-footed drive which is tipped on to the outside of the post.
Booom! He could have been sent off a few moments ago but Zlatan Ibrahimovic sweeps PSG into the lead. It's a cracking finish too, made to look very easy.
Jean-Kevin Augustin rattled the post from 20 yards and Zlatan smashed it in left-footed on the bounce. Could have easily put that over.
Naughty! Zlatan catches John Terry with a high arm as Terry headed the ball clear. Could easily see red for that - as Zlatan did of course when these sides met last season.
Zlatan Ibrahimovic with the lay-off, Lucas with the low shot wide from 20 yards. Nice move from PSG, with Spurs flop Benjamin Stambouli looking good in midfield in the last few minutes.
Where, if anywhere, do Chelsea need to strengthen ahead of the big kick-off?
Radamel Falcao and Loic Remy as back-up to Diego Costa good enough? Perhaps a centre-back light?
Hoping PSG turn them over but think Chelsea may gain a little bit of revenge (even though it means little in comparison) for their Champions League exit and win 2-1. Costa and Hazard with the goals too.
The crowd in Charlotte are enjoying the start to this game, it's not full but it's noisy enough. Can't be long before we see Premier League games played abroad, right?
I'm not saying I agree with it, but I think it will happen. The NFL and NBA are coming to our shores more often, the tide will surely go both ways...?
Very bright start from Chelsea. Eden Hazard beats two men on the left with ease and wins a corner which Diego Costa heads on goal. It drifts wide.
Started in a competitive mood this one. Cesc Fabregas gets his Achilles raked by Blaise Matuidi before Victor Moses beats a man and puts it on a plate for Branislav Ivanovic. You expect him to bag there, but his touch is poor.
Will Victor Moses be at Chelsea on September 1st?
It doesn't look like we will ever see Zlatan Ibrahimovic in the Premier League now, shame that. The big man's first touch is shoddy though, shanking it out of play on the full.
David Luiz is always an entertaining watch and the former Chelsea man almost hooks in an own goal with his first touch.
Diego Costa starts an argument after 35 seconds. Pre-season? Costa plays one way. Hard. Serge Aurier is bumped to the deck and doesn't like it, referee has to weigh in.
Game on! PSG in their change shirt of all white.
We shall bring you reaction from California when we have it, perhaps an update on the whereabouts of Angel Di Maria too. Meanwhile, here come Chelsea and PSG in jovial mood in the tunnel. Strong XI from Chelsea tonight.
Frantic finale, entertaining game. Good pre-season match.
Barcelona back in the game for oooh 45 seconds or so. Adnan Januzaj springs a dodgy looking back four to run in and smash home left-footed. Game over, workout done.
Ivan Rakitic - scorer in the Champions League final six weeks or so ago - has looked classy since he came on and he forces Sam Johnstone into a low save. Good strike.
Our first pictures from Charlotte are coming in, Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho looking as calm as ever. He'll want a much better showing from his side tonight.
Will Manchester United keep a clean sheet? They are rather hanging on but Paddy McNair does well to block a low shot on goal.
Quote Message: United's second string have quickly imposed themselves on this contest. Given half an hour to shine, Jesse Lingard has scored, Adnan Januzaj has gone close and Ander Herrera unsettled the Barcelona defence with a forceful burst. Herrera is part of Van Gaal's first-team plans but the futures of Lingard and Januzaj, who failed to build on an impressive 2013-14 campaign last season, are not so certain.
United's second string have quickly imposed themselves on this contest. Given half an hour to shine, Jesse Lingard has scored, Adnan Januzaj has gone close and Ander Herrera unsettled the Barcelona defence with a forceful burst. Herrera is part of Van Gaal's first-team plans but the futures of Lingard and Januzaj, who failed to build on an impressive 2013-14 campaign last season, are not so certain.
Barca are very unlucky not have scored tonight. Great cross in this time from Sandro on the right and Ivan Rakitic can only shin the ball wide.
Lingard always has a good pre-season with us but never manages to do it over the course of the season. Feel he'll be out on loan again with Januzaj and Pereira ahead of him in the young talent stakes.
Has James Wilson got what it takes at this level? The jury is out for me. Great pace, which we know he has, to burst in behind but he can't cut it back to a team-mate.
It's not the Class of 92 but United have some talented youngsters coming through. Adnan Januzaj bursts over the top onto a smart through-pass, he puts over a hard, low cross which the keeper can only parry and Kesse Lingard and Andreas Pereira are both close to sweeping it in.
It was youngster Munir who headed against the post for Barcelona. A potential Stoke signing of the future?
If any Manchester United fans are getting a bit giddy don't forget that a certain Mr. Messi and Mr. Neymar are still to come back into this Barcelona side.
And they hit the post for a third time! From a set-piece this time, Ivan Rakitic whipping the ball in and it's headed against the post.
More changes for Barca now as some of their youngsters get a taste. Sandro is one of them. Munir another.
Marouane Fellaini stood on Jordi Alba as he tried to block that goal from Jesse Lingard. Clumsy rather than malicious from the Belgian.
Another Belgian has the chance to put the nail in Barca's coffin as Adnan Januzaj bends a great chance into the side-netting! Lovely pass from Antonio Valencia to send him away.
That may be the highlight of Jesse Lingard's season as he scores against Barcelona! Only been on the pitch for a minute or two as he meets Tyler Blackett's cutback from the left to sweep into the net.
Jordi Alba has picked up an injury trying to block that.
Manchester United making changes, lots of them. More changes of cast than a Sugababes convention. That happened very fast, was it 10 changes?I'll round them up for you shortly.
Ex-Arsenal man Thomas Vermaelen missed 99% of last season with injury and is coming off here after an hour. He's replaced by Jeremy Mathieu, who can score a goal or two. Still a decent game this.
Beauty! Ivan Rakitic lines up a free-kick as David De Gea bellows to his wall, he wants them to move but Rakitic doesn't hang about, smashing a drive over the wall and onto the roof of the net. Fine drive.
Barca are bossing the ball now, making United chase it in the Californian sun. Sergi Roberto frees Luis Suarez with a neat touch around the corner, Suarez wants to nutmeg the whole team and eventually tries his luck once too often.
That's better from Memphis, great pace to get in beyond the Barcelona backline as Wayne Rooney cleverly let the ball run, Gerard Pique gets back into him but Memphis shapes the ball on to his left foot and shoots at Jordi Masip. Rooney then shoots moments later but like his team-mate he can't find the power.
The best thing about Memphis Depay so far is that every time I hear his name I think of the Pixies track, 'Letter to Memphis.' Classic.
Was used on goal of the month at one stage too, if my memory serves. Is he any good though? Hard to evaluate on this display. Not sure if behind the main man is where he wants to be.
First booking of the night/afternoon is shown to Phil Jones.
In fact, the only changes at half-time see Ivan Rakitic and Jordi Masip come on for Barcelona. Masip is in goal.
SMS Message: Andrew, London from Remember how well Utd did in last year's pre-season! Don't get carried away! Hopefully it will be a better season overall.
Remember how well Utd did in last year's pre-season! Don't get carried away! Hopefully it will be a better season overall.
A bit of Ed Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeroes welcomes the sides back out for the second half. Lovely stuff. Doesn't look like mass changes for either side.
Don't forget that there's another game coming your way tonight as we go some way to filling the MOTD void in your lives.
Chelsea XI: Begovic; Ivanovic, Cahill, Terry, Azpilicueta; Mikel, Matic; Moses, Fabregas, Hazard; Diego Costa.
Quote Message: Perfectly acceptable scoreline for Manchester United but Luis Suarez in particular will wonder how Barcelona are trailing. The Uruguayan has hit both posts and caused United's defence no end of problems. Sergio Ramos remains a target for Van Gaal. On this evidence, it is easy to see why.
Perfectly acceptable scoreline for Manchester United but Luis Suarez in particular will wonder how Barcelona are trailing. The Uruguayan has hit both posts and caused United's defence no end of problems. Sergio Ramos remains a target for Van Gaal. On this evidence, it is easy to see why.
So far, so good for Manchester United. Very entertaining pre-season game.
Wayne Rooney sees a pass hit his heels and end another good counter-attack, Barca then win a corner but United clear well.
Speaking of big losses to the Premier League, what an effort again from Luis Suarez! A magnificent striker, he really is. There appears little danger when he ferrets away at the ball 30 yards but Suarez manages to turn on to his left foot and crash an instant strike against the far post. Brilliant.
He then squirts a low shot in on goal which David De Gea saves.
A worry for both managers as Luis Suarez and Phil Jones go in for a challenge and the surface really cuts up under their feet. The sort of studs-stuck-in-the-pitch moment that can lead to a nasty knee injury. Thankfully, they are both OK.
Andres Iniesta then produces a rangefinder of a pass, 40 yards over the top right into the stride of Jordi Alba. The left-back can't summon it from the sky though. He's no Jerry Rice.
Sergio Busquets flicks on a corner but David De Gea pouches it easily. See you in El Clasico, he may have said. He almost certainly didn't of course.
Real Madrid's probable gain will be Manchester United and the Premier League's loss. Who can replace DDG at OT? TBC.
Memphis Depay has been fairly quiet but that's a nice touch, clipping the ball on the volley back to Juan Mata in the centre-circle, Mata has the guile but not the speed to get away from Pedro though.
Quote Message: With such a huge question mark over Di Maria's future, Ashley Young has a chance to prove he can step in. Young was one of United's more consistent performers last term but United are being coy about offering him a new contract. His present deal expires in 2016. He is causing Barca a few problems here cutting in from the left flank.
With such a huge question mark over Di Maria's future, Ashley Young has a chance to prove he can step in. Young was one of United's more consistent performers last term but United are being coy about offering him a new contract. His present deal expires in 2016. He is causing Barca a few problems here cutting in from the left flank.
Matteo Darmian likes an overlap and the Italian bombs on to put over a neat low cross, Barca make a hash of getting it away and Ashley Young takes a tumble in the aftermath. Penalty? Nope.
First I've seen of Darmian in a Manchester United shirt and he looks a big upgrade on what they had before.
Our man in the 'field of jeans' Simon Stone says there are plenty of empty seats on display despite this supposedly being a sell-out. I can't imagine there is much to do on a Saturday afternoon in California which could dissuade you from watching a friendly.
Ashley Young sends in a shot after a neat move and Marc-Andre ter Stegen just about shovels it over the top.
Wayne Rooney gets in behind and forces Marc-Andre ter Stegen into a save at his near post. From the corner, Barca are again unconvincing but the ball skips through.
Good news for any Sheffield United fans reading - you've signed Billy Sharp from Leeds. Again.
Bad news for any Sheffield United fans reading - you've also signed Conor Sammon.
What a touch from Andres Iniesta, deft backheel with a side-salad of disguise to send Jordi Alba away. His cross is heading for Luis Suarez and heading for 1-1 but Phil Jones does well to head away.
As Si Stone mentioned earlier, the Daley Blind-Phil Jones axis looks the weak link in this Manchester United team.
Memphis Depay produces a smart turn tight to the touchline but then ruins his neat work by clipping it out of play. Barcelona having a good spell now with the impeccable Andres Iniesta becoming more influential.
A question from the BBC Sport football desk: is there anything to dislike about Andres Iniesta?
Quote Message: Been a decent enough start offensively for United, who are ahead thanks to Wayne Rooney's header. But Daley Blind does not convince as a central defender. Blind conceded the free-kick that Luis Suarez curled against the post and Barca are keen to exploit the space he is leaving to Michael Carrick and Morgan Schneiderlin, who are supposed to be screening him.
Been a decent enough start offensively for United, who are ahead thanks to Wayne Rooney's header. But Daley Blind does not convince as a central defender. Blind conceded the free-kick that Luis Suarez curled against the post and Barca are keen to exploit the space he is leaving to Michael Carrick and Morgan Schneiderlin, who are supposed to be screening him.
Louis van Gaal will be pleased with this so far, his side looking very sharp on a sandy pitch. Barcelona's season starts later and it shows in these early stages. They are a few steps back on the pre-season ladder.
Andres Iniesta gives the ball away - it must be pre-season.
Manchester United impressing now in their play, Memphis linking the play up well, Luke Shaw looking fit and sharp, Juan Mata a threat from the right.
If this Barcelona side have an Achilles heel, and that's about as big an if as there is in football, it may be defending set pieces. United have taken advantage of slack defending to take an early lead.
Morgan Schneiderlin launches into a wild challenge and is lucky not to make any contact.
Rubbish defending. Rubbish from Adriano as he gets under the flight of Ashley Young's corner, Wayne Rooney doesn't have to jump to thump a header into the back of the net.
'GOOOOALLL FOR THE CAPTAIN! WAYYYYNNEE ROOONEEYY!' screams the announcer.
A stereotypically optimistic outlook on display from the Californian crowd so far, all on their feet as Juan Mata picks the ball up 45 yards from goal. I imagine they laugh at the Wembley crowd at NFL games too.
But here's a chance again at the other end, David De Gea back in the role as one-man barrier to keep out a shot from Sergi Roberto. United's defence in tatters.
Brilliant! Luis Suarez bends the free-kick over the wall, David De Gea doesn't even move but the strike fires back off the inside of the post.
New boy Memphis Depay is very much playing through the middle, behind Wayne Rooney. Perhaps they will exchange positions throughout.
Ashley Young's first touch brings a huge roar in California. Bizarre. He feeds in a cross from the left and Wayne Rooney almost has a shooting chance.
Barcelona president Josep Maria Bartomeu said yesterday he still viewed United as a threat.
This game will in no real way reveal whether or not they are but let's pretend that it may do eh?
Can United challenge in the Champions League this season? They are under way in CA.
It's all very friendly in the tunnel as David De Gea embraces several Spanish team-mates on the Barca side. Michael Carrick also has a friendly natter with former United defender Gerard Pique.
It's a massive stadium, very steep sides as a bit of Emerson, Lake & Palmer welcomes the sides to the field.
I'll give you £1m* if you could score in that net past Champions League winning goalkeeper Marc-Andre ter Stegen.
Almost time for kick-off in California. It's very sunny - obviously.
Anyone ever been to Santa Clara? This is the new home of the San Francisco 49ers and the press box is eight storeys up.
I'd need new glasses to cover a game from up there.
Quote Message: Instead of reporting for duty in San Jose later today as United manager Louis van Gaal stated yesterday, it is now anticipated Angel Di Maria will head to New Jersey, where PSG are based during their US Tour, for a medical. United fan Ryan Chelva, pictured, does not think selling their record signing is a good idea. "If it's true. is disappointing," he said. "Di Maria is a quality player who proved when he first joined he could play for Louis van Gaal. "Really you should give someone of that ability more than one season."
Instead of reporting for duty in San Jose later today as United manager Louis van Gaal stated yesterday, it is now anticipated Angel Di Maria will head to New Jersey, where PSG are based during their US Tour, for a medical. United fan Ryan Chelva, pictured, does not think selling their record signing is a good idea. "If it's true. is disappointing," he said. "Di Maria is a quality player who proved when he first joined he could play for Louis van Gaal. "Really you should give someone of that ability more than one season."
It's been a case of evolution, not revolution, for Louis van Gaal and Manchester United so far this summer.
Expensive new signings Matteo Darmian, Morgan Schneiderlin and Memphis Depay all get a run out tonight while fellow new boy Bastian Schweinsteiger has picked up an injury.
David De Gea is between the sticks and it sounds like he'll be there to stay now. Until next summer, anyway, when he'll be swapping Manchester for Madrid. Adios?
If you're of the belief that pre-season means nil, then look away now.
Earlier, Alex Iwobi scored his first goal for Arsenal as they continued their preparations for the new season with a 6-0 friendly win over Lyon.
The 19-year-old winger, who is the nephew of former Bolton forward Jay-Jay Okocha but is only so good that they named him once, capped an impressive first half with Arsenal's third goal.
Olivier Giroud, Aaron Ramsey and Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain were also on target for the Gunners in the first half.
Mesut Ozil netted a fifth on the hour before Santi Cazorla's late strike.
Later on tonight it's Premier League champions Chelsea's turn in front of the US cameras.
They were surprisingly handed a 4-2 friendly defeat by New York Red Bulls in the week and Jose Mourinho will not laugh off a repeat performance.
North Carolina is the venue for that one. State capital? Raleigh. Obviously.
A big test for Manchester United and, later on, Chelsea tonight then.
Or alternatively do you live and breath every cough, spit and column inch? Let us know.
Quote Message: Louis van Gaal said on Friday that his Manchester United line-up would be a pointer to his intending opening day team to face Tottenham on 8 August. What can we read from it? Memphis Depay continues to be used as a number 10, operating behind Wayne Rooney. The formation is less 4-3-3 and more 4-2-3-1. Daley Blind is seen as the automatic replacement for Marcos Rojo - who is due to join up with the squad later on Saturday - as Phil Jones's partner in central defence. And the reservations Van Gaal had about Luke Shaw's fitness 12 months ago seem to have been dispelled.
Louis van Gaal said on Friday that his Manchester United line-up would be a pointer to his intending opening day team to face Tottenham on 8 August. What can we read from it? Memphis Depay continues to be used as a number 10, operating behind Wayne Rooney. The formation is less 4-3-3 and more 4-2-3-1. Daley Blind is seen as the automatic replacement for Marcos Rojo - who is due to join up with the squad later on Saturday - as Phil Jones's partner in central defence. And the reservations Van Gaal had about Luke Shaw's fitness 12 months ago seem to have been dispelled.
Quote Message: Game day at Levi's Stadium. A meeting between Champions League winners Barcelona and Manchester United in the ground that will play host to the 2016 Super Bowl. The big talking point concerns someone who won't be here though. Reports in France suggest a £45m deal for United to sell record signing Angel Di Maria to Paris St-Germain has been done. United are refusing to comment.
Game day at Levi's Stadium. A meeting between Champions League winners Barcelona and Manchester United in the ground that will play host to the 2016 Super Bowl. The big talking point concerns someone who won't be here though. Reports in France suggest a £45m deal for United to sell record signing Angel Di Maria to Paris St-Germain has been done. United are refusing to comment.
The glitz, the glamour, the glory?
The new Premier League season is just two weeks away and tonight pre-season preparations for two of the division's giants ramps up a gear.
Yes, it's only pre-season. Yes, results don't really count.
But get a battering from Barcelona or a pasting from PSG and morale could take a real dip.
Manchester United face arguably - certainly? - the best team in the world in Barcelona, while Chelsea have a very tough test on their hands in Paris St-Germain. | 2019-04-23T16:37:02Z | https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/33620913 |
One of the greatest privileges we’ve had since founding M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks over a decade and a half ago is helping entrepreneurs get their start in innovative business categories. A pair of entrepreneurs we had the opportunity to work with recently are from Four Legged Foodie based out of the Atlanta, Georgia area.
The goal of Four Legged Foodie is to provide human-grade quality food for dogs. In fact, as you’ll see in the video, Bob Pierson, co-owner of M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks promises to sample some of the food himself. We will post a follow up YouTube video when this happens and offer a review!
The converted sprinter van will enable Four Legged Foodie to generate sales and market their business in locations that pet owners frequent regularly like dog parks, pet adoptions and other animal focused events.
Click play on the video above to take a virtual tour of the converted sprinter van. In the video, the van has yet to be wrapped, but once this is complete the unit will serve as a rolling billboard for the company at events. Other features in this unit include an external display case where Four Legged Foodie will be able to merchandise their menu items.
Over the last few decades, consumers are viewing their furry friends more like members of the family and not just pets. Part of this change means that owners are starting to take a more serious look at the food these family members are eating on a regular basis.
We wish Four Legged Foodie success in their new venture. Their website will soon be launched soon and you’ll be able to meet them in person at pet-focused events across the Atlanta area.
Watch the video tour below with Russel’s Rib Shack new combo smoker trailer based out of Atlanta, Georgia. Anyone with in the ATL area would be wise to look up Russel for world-class competition-level BBQ delivered to their upcoming event.
Unlike a lot of other BBQ trailers or smokers you find on the market, we build a custom trailer from the ground up that are specifically designed to fit the equipment you need on the unit. Many builders will buy pre-made trailers and essentially play a game of Tetris to fit all your desired equipment on-board a certain sized unit. This is not the optimal way to design a professionally designed trailer you plan to operate for many years to come and build a business around. At M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks, no two trailers are the same.
As you’ll see with this build out there is four inch C-channel framing underneath the unit. C-channel framing is essential for enhanced stability and durability of the unit. This was built with a 5,000 pound axle and the unit was upgraded with chrome rims. This trailer features the NS 72 SWT. The NS7 SWT comes standard with two shelves at 72″L x 22″D. These shelves can be pulled out so you can easily access meats. Removable shelves also makes cleanup infinitely easier.
The smoker unit also features three durable locks to ensure the doors don’t move while commuting to events. This creates a generous cooking surface over 3,000 square inches to smoke chicken, ribs, steak or any other type of grilled foods you desire. Check the full specifications of the NS 72 SWT and optional upgrades here.
At the four minute point of the video you can evaluate the smoker box. This box features 3 additional shelves at the front of the trailer. A firebox is also positioned at the front of the unit where logs can be placed. A starter was also installed in the firebox making it easier to get heat going on a cold day. A burner was also positioned in the firebox as a heat assist by request. This helps prevent ash from falling into the burner and is something we’re happy to install upon request.
Coming in standard on this unit is a two-burner hot plate. There’s also a built-in cutting board that you can pop-off and hose down when cleaning. Finally, we always ensure you’ve got storage space built into your trailers to store cooking utensils or other equipment needed for BBQ. Watch the video in its entirety to learn more!
As noted in the video, you can learn more about our lineup of New South Smokers and Grills here. From there you can evaluate different options and upgrades that our customers frequently make for their unit. Additionally, if you have a custom feature you would like installed, give us a call and we can more than likely make it happen. We can also share unique ways we’ve modified other trailers for customers in the past. Our goal is to build a one-of-a-kind unit that will serve you for years to come. Give us a call at 904-397-0246 to tell us about your next trailer.
When Smoothie King needed a fully-mobile Smoothie bar, they turned to M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks to execute their vision. In today’s video tour, Bob Pierson, co-founder of M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks provides an exterior and interior walkthrough of the completed and wrapped unit. Click the video below to start the 5 minute tour now!
Smoothie King founder Steve Kuhnau started the business in 1973. In 1989, Smoothie King opened the first U.S. juice bar franchise. Fast forward to 2018, the company now has over 800 locations globally and continues to grow.
Although the juice bar company has experienced continued growth over the past few decades, the companies mission remains the same: To serve a nutritious Smoothies with a Purpose. Each Smoothie continues to be blended with healthy fruits, veggies, high-quality proteins and vitamins.
As you tour the exterior of the vehicle you’ll immediate recognize the Smoothie King logo and branding that wraps the unit. As you see the front cab is standard with a back wall to separate the kitchen from driving areas. The concession counter and serving window are built into the door to the kitchen. As you can see the door slides open allowing for easy entrance into the vehicle.
As you enter the back of the van, you can see the equipment that’s been installed for serving a variety of Smoothie flavors. Inside you’ll see a sink with spray nozzle and a 3-compartment sink for hand washing. There is also a custom built counter system inside the unit that can be quickly setup once inside the vehicle to maximize working space inside the mobile juice bar. This extra space is critical inside of a compact mobile unit like this.
As we enter the kitchen, you’ll notice a refrigeration system located on the counter to cool product. There’s also an ice bin installed to make ice on demand. There’s also space for blenders to be plugged in an operated. These blenders can installed directly into a countertop or stored in a shelf unit depending on your preference. The power box is also located near the rear of the vehicle and features one-click button to start the generator.
Although this unit is compact, Smoothie and juice trucks actually require a lot of power to be able to operate blenders and other equipment at a high-frequency. As a result, we needed to install a larger, high-power Oned Cummings 10Kw generator on this unit to be able to keep up with the demands of this business. Fast forward to the 3 minute and 15 second point of the video to see how this generator was conveniently installed.
Although Isuzu’s aren’t typically outfitted to food trucks, it can be done! This truck will be the mobile unit of the Rolling Grind coffee truck. This video walk-through takes you on a guided vehicle before it’s been wrapped so the exterior will look different once this is complete. We hope this video gives you some great ideas of what can be done with an Isuzu!
As you can see on this Isuzu the kitchen area is not connected to the cab. On most food trucks these two areas are connected so keep that in mind if this is important to your business. On the outside you’ll notice a Powertech Generator is installed inside the protective box. Coffee machines, in particular require a lot of power to operate so this is not an area you should cut corners. Coffee machines, espresso makers, and blenders all require a lot of power. The last thing you want to happen during a rush is to have the power go out during a rush.
After entering the truck, you’ll notice the wide-range of equipment already installed. On the left side of the kitchen is a bar with two Blendtec kichen blenders installed to make smoothies and other drinks. There’s also a commercial grade Bunn coffee grinder installed so beans are as fresh as possible. There is also a commercial grade espresso maker a refridgerator installed to keep everything cool.
Moving over to the right side of the kitchen there’s a six foot serving window installed to provide customers with their beverage of choice. Directly below, a 50-gallon water tank is installed. There is a large sink with cutting board and separate hand-sink. There is also a propane water heater, which is the only propane power used in the entire vehicle. Finally, there’s a broom closet installed where cleaning equipment can be installed. Overall, this Isuzu build turned out really nice and will serve the customer well for years to come.
M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks specializes in custom building mobile coffee trucks and trailers. You can view our past builds here. Overall, the coffee concept works really well with mobile and we’ve had many customers go on to be successful with this model.
One such example of a success story is Refuge Coffee Co. based just outside of Atlanta, Georgia. Refuge Coffee Co. expanded to two food trucks and coffee shop location in just a few years. It’s a model that has worked fro many others and can work for you too!
If you would like to learn more about what M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks can do for you, feel free to give us a call at 904-397-0246 for a free quote.
This morning Bob has a brand new food van walk-through that was built for Tony’s Clam Chowder based in Cedar Key, Florida. You can find out where Tony’s Clam Chowder will be serving next by checking out their event calendar. If you can’t visit at an event near you, you can still get a taste of Tony’s seafood by trying their chowder sold at Albertsons, Safeway, and other markets across Florida. This is hands down the best chowder we’ve ever tasted and we are proud to have had the opportunity to build this van!
The tour starts at the front of the vehicle where you see the attractive wrap and branding for Tony’s Clam Chowder and website prominently displayed at the front. The side of this vehicle also features strong calls to action highlighting the “free samples” available for prospective customers when the van is in operation. We highly recommend you take them up on this offer!
As we move over to the right side of the vehicle, Bob demonstrates how the serving window and serving tray are put in position when the vehicle is ready to serve. You may not notice this at first, but the serving window is actually part of the sliding door that can be used to enter into the kitchen of the van.
After the sliding door is opened you discover that there are two retractable serving counters. These allow you to easily enter the van and when you’re ready to serve customers just pop-up the counters and get to work. Inside the van you have a refrigerator to keep the soups fresh, a stovetop for the big pots of clam chowder, a prep shelf, microwave, 3-bay sink with hand washing sink. Of course there’s plenty of counter area for serving and cabinets for storage as well. Also note the installed exstinguisher for fire safety.
What’s not immediately visible underneath the counter is a displace for food. Other features included on the inside of this vehicle include paper towel dispenser, hood, shelving, and of course A/C to keep cool while your cooking up warm clam chowder.
The features we have not discussed yet during this tour is the number of security cameras that are installed around the vehicle. You can view the video around the van while you’re operating. This can help when your parking the vehicle, but is also handy for security purposes while you are working inside the vehicle too. Located above the security screen is the stereo controls. On the outside of the vehicle is a stereo system for playing music or making announcements over a PA.
Returning to the outside of the vehicle there is a display area for products. Here you could feature menu items or place drinks so that prospective customers have a visual example of the products you sell on-board. There’s also a second window that lifts up to display a television screen. This screen can be used to display a menu, marketing videos, or to broadcast a game. Moving to the rear of the vehicle is the propane tank for running the burners and a Cummins generator for electricity. As a special require from this customer there was also a ladder installed on the back for access to a rack system at the roof of the van.
To see more examples of food van conversions and pricing click here or give M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks a call at 904-397-0246 to discuss your next specialty vehicle build.
In today’s video, Bob Pierson guides you on a tour of a recent custom build we are very proud of for Chief’s Chill Out. Chief’s Chill Out wanted an efficient and agile way to bring their cold treats to the street and chose a new Ford Transit van to serve as the foundation of their business. In this video, Pierson takes you on a 360 degree tour of the outside and inside of this build out and explains the details that went into converting this ordinary van into a snow cone and custard distribution machine.
The tour begins on the left-side of the converted Ford Transit van, where a lot of planning was invested into the marketing aspects of the vehicle and capturing customers attention. After opening up the first serving window reveals a large screen television where a menu or product videos can be displayed. All of the information displayed on this digital menu can be controlled inside the truck or remote from an iPad or phone.
To the rear of the vehicle is the serving window where fresh custards and snow cones will be served to customers. As you can see there are two trays that securely latch up. Below the serving window is a display that allows customers to be able to view the products you serve before you buy. This is a convenient way to demonstrate the different offerings on a custard van like this, but also allows you to showcase add-on items like sodas or chips that can increase your average customer value without additional effort.
At the rear of the vehicle is another custom addition. Unlike your traditional ice cream truck that may only sell pre-packaged product, Chief’s Chill Out wanted to create a higher-quality offering and have a custard machine installed on the vehicle. Running a custard machine on the truck requires a lot of electricity to operate and an additional generator needed to be installed on the vehicle to execute this type of vehicle. The problem is that space is at a premium in one of these smaller Ford Transit vehicles versus a traditional food truck.
How we were able to get around this problem was to create a custom sized generator box on the rear of the Ford Transit. This enables the owner plenty of power their custard machine from the external generator, but also saves space on the van. We did need to adjust the placement of the rear view cameras as well to make this adjustment. Instead of having the cameras on the bumper, they are now located on the doors and look out over the top of the generator so that the operator of the vehicle can see where he or she is going. The spare tire was then attached to the new custom built generator box.
As we open the sliding door into the converted Ford Transit, you see the beginning of the mobile kitchen and a large freezer. When you step into the van, the first thing you’ll notice is the line of bottles that extend across the ceiling. When in operation, these bottles will contain different flavors of syrup for snowcones. These syrups run down tubes to the outside of the van where customers can dispense their own syrups and mix flavors.
As Bob moves back into the rear of the kitchen you see some of the other features of this build. Naturally, there is the custard machine and refrigerator to keep product cool. There is also a variety of shelving units and counter top space store product.
From a security standpoint, a monitor is also positioned near the serving window that allows you to monitor the outside of the vehicle while you work. In the rare event that someone attempts to tamper with your vehicle while it is in operation, you’ll be able to see it even while you’re inside of the vehicle. The electrical box is also installed nearby the serving window so it can be easily accessed while you work. The other convenient feature you’ll see is a push to start generator button from the inside of the van. This is a huge time saver and will make operating the van a lot easier. When you’re done using the generator, you can turn it off from inside the van as well.
Overall, we are honored to have helped Chief’s Chill Out get started. Visit ChiefsChillOut.com for more information about their business. If you have a custom-built van in mind for your own business, don’t hesitate to reach out to M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks directly to learn how we can assist with your next custom build.
This afternoon we bring to you one of our recently completed builds that’s about to head north to New Jersey with the current owner. The main item being sold by the The Flying Pie Guy are handheld meat pies. Meat pies are not staple menu items in the United States, but are extremely popular in the United Kingdom and Australia. Meat pies are common lunch items in both countries. In fact, the owner of the vehicle, Mike Peacock, was born in Australia. The Flying Pie is bringing this overseas tradition all the way to New Jersey with their food truck concept.
Your host with the most, Bob Pierson, Co-Owner of M&R Specialty Trailers and Trucks, guides you on an inside and outside tour of the Flying Pie Guy truck in today’s episode. In this video tour you’ll see a variety of unique touches to the vehicle, including special ovens to cook the meat pies. This truck comes on an 18 foot box and a large framed white Freightliner MT45 and a Cummins Diesel engine. Enjoy the tour!
As most of our vending trucks include, you need a large serving window to offer guests. We also have a tray area for the truck that easily unhooks and folds down when commuting. Although well-hidden by the truck wrap, the hook ups to the hot and cold water tanks are accessible from the outside. There are also flood lights strategically positioned outside the serving window area so that vendor can operate in evenings. Also attached is a speaker system that is controlled from the inside of the truck.
To the rear of the concession window, a television screen is located. This will be used by The Flying Pie for marketing or to list the menu items on the truck. There is also a retractable door that covers the television when not in operation to protect against vandalism or theft.
One of the nice additional touches that isn’t immediately apparent is the build a unique system around the tank. Since this truck is heading up north to New Jersey with cold winters, the vehicles plumbing system needed be harnessed to protect against frost.
For an 18 foot truck, this vehicle is filled with cooking equipment to be able to execute the customers menu. The tour starts off with the 3-bay sink and cutting board that can be positioned over the top to take advantage of space. You also get to view the large vulcan convection oven system that is used to bake the pies, the plumbing and more.
Some of the other unique modifications on this vehicle include an additional seat being built into the vehicle so three people can ride safely in the truck with seat belts. | 2019-04-24T01:09:38Z | https://www.mr-trailers.com/video/ |
Whats with all the jedi hating. "Jedi overpowered?" " Jedi bating." "Jedi Hunter."
Jedi are so cool so why do people hate em so much?
Moving to Rants and Raves forum.
I think a lot of it stems from when we GM, and have one or 2 jedi in the group, for what ever reasons, they tend to overshadow all the other players. If we have gaming sessions where the others are the focus, and the jedi or the force itself, takes a back burner, these 'jedi' ××××× and moan. I know i have had a few like this.
It might also be that compared to other characters at the same levels of improvement, jedi characters, with using a specific 'pool' of force powers become too over powering. To a point where you have to put npc's in there which would kill nearly every other character you have, just to challenge the jedi character(s).
other than that, i can't come up with anything.
Well... personally, I think the Jedi ARE overpowered. The makers of the RPG are in quite a bind where this is concerned. Look at TPM and AotC... the Jedi can deflect blasters with ease, send people flying with the point of a finger, and hurl themselves out of moving airspeeders to land safely many stories below... on another moving aircar. Non-Jedi can't even come close to doing this kind of thing.
Most game systems have a very delicate balance among character classes. In old 1st edition D&D, the mages, who had spells, couldn't use armor or anything larger than a dagger -- period -- and the rules they came up with to justify this were fairly ridiculous in nature. But it was their attempt to make all the character classes roughly equal in terms of appeal.
In the Star Wars RPG, just by nature of the kind of universe you have, you have one class -- the Jedi -- who possess an entire library of abilities that non Force-users can't hope to touch. And thus it is very easy for them to overshadow other characters.
They are overpowered compared to normal people, and IMHO they need to be, because that's the way the story is. But that can upset some people because it defies the notion of game balance, which is very important to some players and GMs.
My hate of Jedi started before I started playing the SW RPG. I have always preferred a scoundrel or soldier like character, like Han and WEDGE! I think the force is cheap.
Woo hoo I’m Luke Skywalker. I can fly loops around ppl b/c I use the force to help me.
Hi, I’m Wedge. I am just that darn good.
I even hate the force in books. I dislike the NJO books and also try as hard as I can to not use force powers in JK II.
The force just leaves me filling empty inside. I would rather make something happen b/c I was skilled/lucky enough to do it on my own. Not b/c I had the ability to call on some sort of magic to help me do it.
That’s why I hate Jedi.
1) They are a dime a dozen. Almost all new players want to play Jedi, and many veteran players still wiould prefer to play Jedi. This makes them so common as to be dull. I did an open enrolment for a PbP game and 90% (9 out of my 10 replies) wanted to play Jedi. After a adjusted the game saying that it would only have one Jedi in it, and said that there were no more open slots for jedi, I STILL got character submissions for Jedi.
2) They are more powerful, level for level, than any other class. Now this can be compensated by forcing players to stick to the Jedi code pretty strictly, but it is still present. Sure, as you pointed out in another thread, Jedi are presented in the movies as combat gods. However there is much to be said for game balance over following of canon. There in lies the reason some of us twak the Jedi classes a bit to make them fit in a mixed group.
If my game will logically support a Jedi PC or two I will not tell the players that they cannot play them. However I expect to see an interesting and unique Jedi concept that I have not seen a thousand times already. I also tell them right out that the Jedi code will be followed as I interpret it, and straying from it will get them kicked out of the order, there by not allowing anymore Jedi levels. Also DSPs will be given for what I deem a dark act, and I will take away a character if that character gets too many DSPs.
This statement is almost a paradox in nature. If you hate the Force, then'd you'd love the New Jedi Order. One of the central themes is the Jedi not being able to use the Force against the Yuuzhan Vong.
As you may know by now, I happen to think the NJO is the best thing to happen to Star Wars; just a notch below the release of the prequels. It is the ultimate Star Wars tale and is far superior to every other novel, on par or even better in terms of story than even the highly touted Thrawn trilogy.
As far as Jedi go, it's hard to balance them out with the other characters. The only way of doing it properly is to allow the non-Force using PCs to have significant advantages over the Force-users in many situations. That comes from good role-playing and a dedicated GM.
The mid-level Jedi (6d sense/control 5d/alter) is usually left behind at the base. Thanks to the character's personality, it's no problem excluding him from missions. He's meditating or working out while the rest of the characters are off fighting for their lives.
The two strong Jedi (one is at 7d+2 c/s/a, the other at 9+2 c/s/a) are more of an issue. They make the missions way too easy because of their strength. Worse still, their personality doesn't make it logical for them to refrain from going on missions like the other.
Trigger and I both GM, him more than me, and we can agree that they're too powerful. When I run a game, I try my best to give the Jedi reasons to not go on the mission. Trigger allows it, but makes difficulties for Jedi obscenely high. Example: a telekinesis roll of 30 and up will lift an X-wing, but my roll of 100+ (i think it was 107) was barely enough to lift an X-wing-sized stone statue and move it two feet.
We've finally seem to hit a compromise, though. His Jedi, the 7+2 one, is busy learning how to forge armor and weapons, and often has to stay behind on missions to continue his work. My Jedi, as befitting his personality of having fun, has cut way back on the use of the force in favor of making things more exciting for himself, and getting a good laugh (he's barely 18, what can you expect?).
All the players agree that the Jedi are killing the campaign in general. We've talked about choosing an era for the next campaign that has little or no Jedi, such as Rebellion Era.
I think this is one of the things I "rant" about.
Sure, Lucas's stories (the movies) focus on Jedi. And they are unique to the SW universe. But, what many players don't choose to notice is how even Lucas himself tries to indicate the ratio of Jedi to Non-Jedi in the population. Jedi are very rare in the galaxy. Even Force sensitive people are shouldn't be a dime-a-dozen. But, it seems that everyone wishes they were.
I'm not saying that every RPing group shouldn't be "allowed" to have a Jedi as a member. They are "heroes" after all. But, ignorance to the actual rarity within the population is what irks me.
Also, Jedi should be acting under the code. This means that there might not be "hard and fast" rules which limit the PCs. But, the limitation should exist which are controlled mainly by roleplaying.
Lucas and most of the other sources are pretty clear about the Jedi not letting their own run around wild. The Code even tries to discourage using the Force at all if possible! Even the NJO series addresses the rift between Luke's and Kyp's philosophies. But IMO Kyp doesn't even hold a candle to the antics which other "Jedi" on these boards claim to do.
I agree that the original source material (movies) Jedi are very powerful. Maybe more powerful than the average man.
But, the other hero classes should NOT be average. They are also hero classes.
So, the imbalance of Jedi (versus other PC classes) is my beef. Not that Jedi are overpowered against the common man.
And finally, I have ranted previously because I was tired of the posts which consist of Power Gamers (or min-maxers/munchkins - take your pick) who figure out the new race, Feat, or PrC combination which creates a Jedi who wields 8d8 damage with a critcal range of 8-20.
Yes, that's right 65% of the time, the Jedi will ignore VP and go directly to WP and deal an average of 36 pts of damage.
During the Old Republic and Rise of the Empire eras, Jedi almost never travel with non-Jedi over a long period. In the Rebellion era, if you're keeping to the intent and meaning of the movies, there aren't any spare Jedi to be PCs. I don't see why you'd often have Jedi and non-Jedi in the same group anyway, unless for some reason you specifically want a mixed group, which is just a convention of D&D.
This statement is almost a paradox in nature. If you hate the Force, then'd you'd love the New Jedi Order.
I actually hate the NJO books not so much b/c of the Force but because of the Vong. I just find them too Borg like and un Star Wars. Other wise I dislike the fact that there are more Jedi and that the Jedi and the Force are key parts to the series.
My favorite books have been the Han Solo trilogy and the X-wing books.
Just, to me, you can't be as creative with a Jedi- everyone knows they can do darn next to anything.
Once I did a single adventure just getting used to RPing, and there was a big chase scene. My character was a soldier with the highest dexterity you'll ever see (although I think my mentor wasn't the smartest, as I think it was TOO high). Anyway, I was chasing a Jedi on some rooftops, then he jumped down- 20 stories, he landed and ran off.
I looked around, assessed the situation, took out my grapple spike launcher and rolled a high score on my dexterity check. I grappled an airspeeder, jumped down and swung for a little bit, then did a little flip just for fun and landed beautifully. I actually did so well that the onlooking people in the crowd showered me with credits (again, uneducated, I don't think credits can be showered on someone... maybe, though).
A little later I had lost the Jedi. This time I rolled a perfect score and got dragged about 5 meters off the ground. Such a great score that I jumped off and landed right on the guy I was chasing.
Now, as a Jedi, if you're THAT good with a grapple spike launcher then you might as well take over the galaxy on your own. At least in my opinion (Jedi aren't supposed to be good with blasters or blaster-like weapons).
TO give it into a perspective.
The Ongoing Sparks force 7 campaign of D6 starwars, is set in the rise of the empire. Sparks module #1 is set 10 years exactly before Starwars A New Hope. Every new module made, advances the time line 1 month. There are jedi hunters out there.
When a player first makes a Jedi character, he (or she) IS warned that there are jedi hunters out there. We have several ratings. The first time in a module a Jedi character rolls above 40 on any force skill, or when using any normal skill enhanced by the force (concentration!!!), he or she is now known to the Jedi hunters of the Empire.
Once he or she is known, the next time he or she rolls above a set target number (which drops by 5 every year, currently at 30), they have triggered Force vision #1. The second time in THAT module they hit said target number, they get Force encounter #1. The third time in that module, (or the first time in a module After they have had encounter #1), they trigger force vision #2. Then the second time in that same module they hit the trigger number they get force encounter #2. And so on and so on.
Force encounter 1 has one FULL 12 man storm trooper squad and 1 dark jedi. Force encounter 2 has 2 full squads, + extra troopers for the heavy weapons, a more powerful jedi and a royal guardsman/dark side apprentice. Force encounter 3 is harder, and the final one is against Vader himself. If you get that far, you have 2 options... TURN or DIE!
Because of how hard these can be on the other players, the GM has to give a warning to the other players on whether they wish to participate in the encounter, or whether they wish to leave the activating jedi to his own demise. THose who DO choose to stay and help get more CP. And yes, we have had a number of deaths / capturings due to these.
But even with the above, the predominance of players wishing to be jedi is great.
Each module played is worth an average of 7-8 CP (most modules are a base 6 or 7 CP + 1 from good rping) so each full sheet is roughly 50cp.
YES! gods forbid a Star Wars book has Jedi or the Force in it! What were they thinking?
I have ranted previously because I was tired of the posts which consist of Power Gamers (or min-maxers/munchkins - take your pick) who figure out the new race, Feat, or PrC combination which creates a Jedi who wields 8d8 damage with a critcal range of 8-20.
Our game has a few Jedi, i play one of them. This is actually dual-use for me. for one it allows me to flesh out the character i've created even more and find out more about him. and secondly it allows me to pressure the other Jedi PCs into behaving by the rules. Thankfully, i don't have to excercise number 2 that often.
The people who would have trouble following the rules of being Jedi, NEVER PLAY THEM. that's right. i'm gifted with a group that realizes when they don't want to play by the rules, they don't pretend to be Jedi. a pity others can't do this. i suggest anyone just learning to play never plays Jedi, by the by. and for all you GMs with "problem Jedi" disallow those players to play Jedi. simple. easy. keeps things proper.
as for min/maxers, powergamers, and munchkins: Rocks fall, all die.
:) lol. I guess it's just not my thing.
I dunno, liking Star Wars and not liking the Force is definitely a bit weird. It's like liking Lord of the Rings, but just not being very keen on the whole "one ring to rule them all" concept.
Even for non-Force sensitive characters, the Force brings together the 'heroic' aspects of Star Wars, heroic destiny, dramatic coincidence and stuff, even down to just 'having a bad feeling about this'.
As I see it, the problems with Jedi only occur in mixed groups, where Jedi can come out more powerful than other characters. I'm not talking about overpowered 1-20 crit type 'characters' - these are bad whether they're Jedi or not. The Force simply opens up lots more abilities for characters. Sure, they have to split between more skills, so they're rarely as good as normal characters at any one, but even being able to use Force techniques and Force skills untrained makes a big difference.
I can see how the Force can be seen as 'cheap' - no comlink? use TP. Dark? use Sense Surroundings. etc. But the Force can also be used very creatively.
I don't see any reason a properly played Jedi, who adheres to the code, or even some variant rules of behaviour, should be annoying.
I really like some of the examples of "good" Jedi PCs people have given. I wish to clarify that I don't hate Jedi. Or the Jedi class.
My problem comes from the specific examples of individuals who take advantage of the rules and such.
In my own campaign, we have 2 Jedis and 4 Non-Jedis. While there is potential for an imbalance due to a "mixed party", I haven't experienced any major problems.
I think most of the credit goes to the GM and the players playing the Jedi. With a few slip-ups here and there, they Jedi are staying with the code. They aren't taking advantage of their powers.
Anyway, I love Jedi in movies and books. But, I also love the entire galaxy that has been created for the SW stories. When I started playing the SW-RPG, I have gone the Non-Jedi route, this time. Next character could be a Jedi. Who knows.
But, I'll go into it knowing the WOTC "faults" behind the rules and do what I can to make the class as even with other classes as I can.
Yeah Janson, my friends tell me that I must be the only Star Wars Fan that does not like the Force.
Actually, I don’t think the character class is overpowered too much. The only problem in a game is to find someone that plays a Jedi correctly, which I must say that I have never seen. But I enjoy creating a background for my characters that makes them not like Jedi, or at least we wary of them.
Wow, all three of the topics mentioned were started by me. I feel so special.
Each player creates their character. They choose everything. They can't create a Jedi Guardian/Consular/Adept.
Then, each player rolls a 1d6. If it lands on 6, they get the 'Force-sensitive' feat free, and can then multiclass into Adept, Consular, or Guardian. There will be no picking up the feat later, unless they find someone to train them in the force.
The reason for the 1/6 chance (way higher than it should be), is because Force-sensitive characters seem to be naturally drawn to the way of the hero.
On another subject, the Jedi in the NJO era don't even have many restrictions. Take Kyp Durron, he's still gaining Jedi levels, and look how well he follows the Jedi tradition. Luke's not going to banish someone for going a little gung-ho with the Force.
I don't have my players roll. I just decide how many 'jedi/force user slots i wish to have available, and let the players decide amongst themselves who wil get it.
5 or less players only 1 jedi slot.
6 or more, 1 (if rise of the empire/rebellion) or 2 (if After endor time) slots available.
I've never liked the idea of randomising or otherwise restricting Force sensitivity. If you do it for Force sensitivity, why not for rare alien species, or other rare traits. I wouldn't like to force my players to create a particular type of character.
Then again, I trust my palyers not to abuse the privilege. If they all kept creating Rebellion era Jedi Camaasi or something maybe I'd have to take measures.
I think that any character can be just as good as a jedi. There are plenty of ways to defeat one. Think about the empire, sure they had Darth vader but usually they would send in storm trooper squads.
I guess for me it is not so much that there are ways ot beat a Jedi, it's that those ways involve masses of enemies most of the time, or vastly greater levels. Level for level, person for person there is no class that even comes close to a Jedi's prowess in nearly all areas, if the code is not empasized. If it is there is a closer measure of balance.
And as I've said, the Jedi Code is nigh irrelevant in the NJO era.
I know I'll get a number of responses about the dangers of the dark side, but that's not what I'm talking about. They're simply more free to be a bit less compassionate and more calculating than the Jedi of the Old Republic were allowed. Just read the NJO novels. I made a point of awarding DSPs to people in the books for my own amusement.
SPOILERS if the number of DSPs the characters have here inadvertently causes some sort of revelation. These are as of the beginning of 'Rebel Dream' (Where I'm currently at).
Out of curiosity, where are Luke and Mara's DSPs coming from? I can see Kyp, Corran, and Jaina, but by NJO Luke doesn't seem like the type to slip up and earn a DSP.
Remus may be referring to when Luke smashed the holoprojector prior to the Jedi attack against the Vong fleet at Reecee. It was just after he felt Anakin die.
If that's the case, that's a poor cause for a DSP. Other than that, I cannot think of anything either.
As far as Mara, about the only thing I remember is when she and Corran jokingly talked about using Force Grip on Kyp in the Dark Tide series. Also a minor transgression IMO.
I'm interested in Remus verifying how and why they received their DSPs.
Then there was the time in one of the Dark Tide books Anakin squished a YV warrior with a "500 kg rock". Not sure if that's DSP material either considering he was protecting himself and Mara.
Ironically, we seem to lean just as heavily on non-Force skills as we do on Force skills. I don't think Empathy or Telepathy has tipped any hands to us that we didn't already know thanks to Gather Info and Sense Motive.
In the NJO you're dealing with an infantile Jedi Order. There simply aren't enough Jedi Masters, Jedi Knights, Jedi students or Jedi candidates for ANY of them to be given up on. Luke has enough confidence in his tainted Knights to let them work things out on their own. As far as gaining levels goes: we don't know that. They may have been stagnant while dealing with their Dark Side tendencies. Luke is probably painfully aware that something caused the old Jedi Order to be blinded to their own demise, and is trying to avoid a similar situation...at least within his lifetime.
It's been made clear that both Jaina Solo and Kyp Durron are eminently redeemable characters. MOST of the NJO's Jedi Masters carry some taint of the Dark Side with them. Kam Solusar was a Dark Jedi Knight for a while before Luke encountered him. The NJO is an era of redemption, and that's a theme a lot of people completely miss. If a GM in the NJO era doesn't somehow stage an intervention for a Dark Side character, they've failed their role as GM. There are more than enough Jedi in that era who have literally "been there" for a redemption to occur. If the player or character is simply irredeemable, take the character away. Turn it into an NPC for the group to come into conflict with in the future. If the character was at fault, the player probably won't mind creating a new character. If the player was at fault, it's something you need to discuss with the player.
As Janson mentioned, saying you like Star Wars but not the Force is pretty silly. There's plenty of straight-up Sci Fi out there if that's the case. Go check it out. If I said I like Bladerunner but I'm not so fond of the idea of replicants people would look at me like I'm nutty. This is more or less the same reaction Star Wars fans will have for your attitude towards the Force.
I just dug up that piece of paper a bit ago, I can't remember where Luke's or Mara's came from. I'm about to start <I>Traitor</I> now, so that was a while ago.
I don't hate the Jedi nor do I like them. What I do not like about them is their view on the Force, althought I do like Vergere's view on the Force.
Mara and Luke's are probably a remnant of their character's past. Both them did things to earn them in the past, and maybe they keep them as a reminder of past events.
I don't know if this has already been said but Jedi in the game can seem rather powerful but they aren't as powerful as they are in the movies and books. For example when Obi-Wan and Qui-gon are in the Trade Federation Battleship and fighting the destroyer droids, if that had been a role-playing game they would have ended up as a pile of chared flesh. | 2019-04-21T04:47:04Z | http://holonet.swrpgnetwork.com/archive/index.php/t-13468.html?s=08eed740ebe52b05b97e46608392d889 |
The 2018-2019 regular season is well underway, and thus the time for the 2018-2019 Bolt Prospects Preliminary Rankings is upon us. This year's training camp and preseason again showed the depth of the Lightning's prospect pool, with several young players having strong showings and a handful of new additions to the big club's roster. All in all, though the Lightning lack the top-end elite prospects they may have once had, the team still has an enviable amount of depth and a score of prospects who look poised to become future NHL'ers.
As usual, a refresher is in order about the rules of the rankings. Only players under the age of 24 on opening night of the regular season are eligible to be ranked. So, no Slater Koekkoek in this year's rankings (not calling him a healthy scratch). Skaters with 41 NHL games in a single season or a total of 82 career NHL games are considered graduated and are ineligible to be ranked. Goaltenders with 30 decisions in a single NHL season or 41 career NHL decisions are also considered graduated. Finally, NCAA-based players are eligible for the rankings for the duration of their college careers, irrespective of their age. No purchase necessary. Void where prohibited.
Righty defenseman Cal Foote maintains his top spot in our rankings. The son of NHL great Adam Foote, Cal had a solid final season of junior hockey followed by a poised showing as an ATO during Syracuse's playoff run last year. Although he somewhat underwhelmed in this year's training camp and exhibition season, Foote still has the look of a blue chipper. Big, strong, and mobile, Foote's got a polished, professional edge to his game as a two-way defender. While he lacks the nastiness of his father, he's got a higher skill level and should be a very solid minute-muncher who, at a minimum, will be a rock-solid second pair defenseman for years to come. We expect him to need at least a year of seasoning in the AHL, but given Tampa Bay's seemingly perennial need for help at right-handed D, Foote won't be down in the minors too much longer beyond that.
The breakout star of Lightning camp, Mathieu Joseph had an exhibition season that was as consistent as it was stellar on his way to earning a spot with the big club. Consistency was also Joseph's calling card last season with Syracuse en route to leading the Crunch in scoring, and the forward has seamlessly slotted in with the Lightning's third line and penalty kill for the first 20+ games of its regular season campaign. Joseph's most obvious attribute is his blazing, world-class speed, but he's also a tireless forechecker with above-average skill and an ability to chip in offensively. All of the above makes Joseph a candidate to play anywhere up and down the lineup and a coach's dream. Don't be surprised if Joseph eventually earns spot duty on a higher line as a winger whose forechecking and speed help create space and increase the pace for some of the team's more skilled forwards. Consequently, a future as a 20-goal, 50-60 point-a year-winger isn't out of the question for the former fourth round pick.
Perhaps I should've mentioned playoff games don't count toward our rankings rules, because Anthony Cirelli, who was a fixture of the Lightning's playoff run last season, remains toward the top of our list. Currently playing on the club's third line, Cirelli is a cerebral 200-foot player capable of playing outstanding defensive hockey, killing penalties, being effective on the forecheck, winning his fair share of faceoffs, and occasionally delivering some greasy goals. A decent skater, Cirelli doesn't necessarily have the blow-by top-end speed of a player like Joseph, but he does have the look of a two-way centerman the likes of which elite teams must have in order to win championships.
Biding his time in Syracuse is aggressive power forward Boris Katchouk, formerly of Sault Ste. Marie in the OHL. A tantalizing blend of speed, finishing ability, and edge, Katchouk finished second on his junior club in scoring during last year's regular season before contributing an eye-popping 19 goals and 37 points in 24 playoff games. Katchouk has a laser-quick release, but relishes work along the wall in a way few snipers do. The big winger has the potential to be a scoring line winger in the NHL, but will likely need at least a season of adjustment in the AHL before he starts to live in the nightmares of NHL defenders.
After leading the Crunch in goals last season, Alexander Volkov was one of the final cuts of Lightning training camp. And, while he lost his bid for a roster spot to Mathieu Joseph, we expect it won't be long before Volkov finally does get his shot at the NHL. A less scouted product of the Russian junior ranks, the Lightning spent a second round pick on Volkov as a second-year entry, and to this point he has not disappointed. With decent size and skating ability, Volkov plays a mature 200-foot game and has a laser-like quick release of his own. The organization compared Volkov to current Lightning forward Ondrej Palat when they selected him, and that's probably a good guidepost to what his potential will be. While some look at Volkov as a potential star scoring winger, we view Volkov as a strong complementary winger with good enough skill to play on, and keep up with, an NHL scoring line.
Is this the season that power forward Adam Erne finally breaks through and reaches his potential? The now 23-year-old has always looked the part, combining physical size and strength with surprising quickness and skill. He's a tantalizing package that is both hard on the puck and skilled as a playmaker and a finisher. The problem seemingly has always been health with Erne, though. He's started this season alternating between the club's fourth line and the press box, but has recently earned his way onto the second power play unit. The ultimate test, however, will be whether he can stay off the IR. If he can, he does have the upside to be a scoring line power forward in the league. His confidence in the offensive third is starting to show and he’s trending up. It may be just a matter of time before he’s working his way up the lineup. Alex Killorn may be looking over his shoulder.
Like Volkov, Mitchell Stephens was among the last cuts from the Lightning's camp. The tenacious centerman was the Crunch's all-star selection last season as he was potting 19 goals in his rookie campaign, but offense isn't necessarily what Lightning fans should expect from Stephens. When the Lightning took Stephens, it was with designs of moving him to wing and featuring him as a forechecker in the mold of current Lightning forward Ryan Callahan. Since then, Stephens has stayed a centerman, but he still plays the same kind of gritty forechecking style. He's a player with a ceiling that may top out as a third liner who could find himself blocked by similar players like Cirelli if he stays at center, but like Cirelli he's the type of player elite teams need to have if they want to win championships. Stephens is a strong candidate to replace Cedric Paquette at 4C if and when Paquette moves on.
The only young player whose camp may have laid claim to rivaling Joseph's was that of hefty right-handed defenseman Erik Cernak. A former second round pick acquired in the Ben Bishop trade, Cernak seemingly came within an eyelash of making the Lightning roster out of camp. Cernak's a big, strong, stay-at-homer with ever-improving skating who showcased good poise and decision-making over both his rookie campaign last year and this year's exhibition season. The 21-year-old is on the cusp of making the NHL full-time as he’s shown well in his recent call-up, providing a needed physical presence. We look at him as at least a future third pair defender with the Lightning who they can rely on to play quiet, steady minutes in his own end of the rink. With Anton Stralman’s contract up at the end of the year, Cernak could play his way into a permanent, prominent role sooner than later.
Somewhat overshadowed by Syracuse pairing partner Cernak, Dominik Masin also has the look of a future, steady third pair defender. The easiest way to describe Masin is as the lefty version of Cernak, with some minor difference. Masin has decent size and mobility and plays with excellent gap control and some edge to his game. When at his best, Masin also makes good decisions moving the puck and distributing out of his own end. With more depth on the left side of the organization, Masin's probably not quite as close to being a full-time NHL'er, but we believe he is close to getting his first cup of coffee sometime this season.
After a little wait for him to arrive from the junior ranks, it's been a good start for Raddysh with Syracuse in the AHL, potting seven goals in his first 13 AHL games. A prolific scorer in junior, Raddysh put up great numbers for Erie and Sault Ste. Marie in the OHL and was a fixture for Canada on the junior tournament teams. Raddysh is a bigger winger, but has been dinged for at times playing a more finesse, perimeter game. He's got great skill and vision, but lacks the top-end gear to play such a finesse game in the pros. If he starts to use his bulk along the wall, though, there's a chance he could evolve into a scoring liner in the NHL. Not every prospect hits the pros with this much production and confidence, so if Raddysh can erase the question marks quickly, he’ll sprint up these rankings in no time.
A preseason waiver claim from the Philadelphia Flyers organization, Danick Martel is a prototypical system player for the Lightning organization. Following behind a long list of similar players like Cory Conacher, Tyler Johnson, Jonathan Marchessault, and Yanni Gourde, Martel is a quick, skilled, undersized forward now looking to get his chance with Tampa Bay. Martel was a prolific scorer for Blainville-Boisbriand in the QMJHL and comes to Tampa Bay after three straight 20-goal seasons in the AHL. Is he the next in the lineage after Yanni Gourde? Time will tell.
Or, is the next in the lineage centerman Alex-Barre Boulet? A free agent signee from the same Blainville-Boisbriand junior team as Martel, the undersized Boulet set the QMJHL on fire last year with 116 points in 65 games. He's followed that up with a very solid 12 points in his first 14 games with the Syracuse Crunch, and his skill level is such that we don't expect any fall off from Boulet. Now 21 years old, he may be behind Martel in line for his shot at the next level, but we suspect he won't be waiting too long.
Somewhere between the Alex Barre-Boulet and Danick Martel mold of prospects and the Mitchell Stephens mold of prospects resides this summer's top Lightning pick, Gabriel Fortier. A speedy, skilled, but undersized forward, Fortier plays with some tenacity and edge on the forecheck. He's had a very strong start to his junior year this season and was named captain, but at just 18 years old and with all the depth the club has at forward, there's no rush for Fortier. We expect him to be a few years off in the distance with the upside as a complementary winger capable of spotting on a scoring line in the NHL.
One of the pleasant surprises of last season was the play of ex-third round netminder Connor Ingram, who put up one of the strongest rookie pro seasons of any goalie in the organization's history not named Andrei Vasilevskiy. Ingram may be slightly undersized for the style goalie coach Frantz Jean likes, but he's got solid athleticism, he's competitive, and he's pretty unflappable. He entered the year in what appeared to be a 50/50 tandem in Syracuse with veteran Eddie Pasquale, but with Vasilevskiy’s injury and Pasquale now in Tampa, the Syracuse net belongs to Ingram. His ultimate path to the NHL isn't entirely clear sailing, but he's done enough already to suggest he might be just a couple of seasons off from assuming backup duties in the NHL if he continues to progress.
All he does is score goals. We've said it many times: Former third rounder Dennis Yan is a pure sniper who is a bit of a one-trick pony. But if you're going to pick just one trick, that's probably the one you want to pick. Yan's ongoing mission in the AHL is to continue to address his 200-foot game and shake accusations of being a purely perimeter player who doesn't dig enough along the wall and in high traffic areas. If he shores up those areas of his game, though, watch out. He's got the golden hands that tell you he could be a scoring line winger in the NHL.
The highest ranked of a host of "stealth prospects" from the NCAA ranks, Sammy Walker is one we could see shooting up our rankings sooner rather than later. The reigning Mr. Hockey in Minnesota, he put up a gaudy 58 points in 25 games with Edina High School last season. He's slightly undersized and it's always tough to tell exactly how a player will transition from high school to the NCAA ranks, but this is a player who is an excellent skater with high-end skill. We expect the freshman to evolve into a star scorer for the Golden Gophers with the upside to eventually become a scorer in today’s NHL.
Walker may be the highest ranked of our "stealth prospects," but the first to head up to the pro level is ex-Vermont centerman Ross Colton. After two solid campaigns with the Catamounts, Colton's become a regular in the early season lineup for the Syracuse Crunch. Like Walker, Colton came into the NCAA ranks a slightly undersized player but a couple years in the strength and conditioning program in Vermont have given him a more pro-ready body to go along with above-average skating and skill. The question now is whether the ex-fourth rounder has some NHL scoring line upside, or if he evolves into more of a checking liner who can chip in at the next level. He was impressive at the Lightning’s prospect camp after the draft, showing off his offensive prowess. As with many rookie pros, that could show itself in the second half of the season.
"If you want to win, employ a Finn." That's what the Lightning are hoping is true when it comes to skillful centerman Otto Somppi, ex of Halifax in the QMJHL. After some middling seasons for the Mooseheads, Somppi exploded last year with 83 points in 59 games and a handful of highlight reel goals to earn a contract with the organization. Somppi's got decent size, but he's definitely more of a finesse player and he needs to get stronger to cope at the pro level. A victim of the injury bug at the end of last year and the opening of this season, it'll be interesting to see how the former seventh rounder's game evolves as a pro once he finally starts to get into some AHL games.
We're betting on the come on ex-third round Russian Alexey Lipanov of Kitchener. A talented centerman, Lipanov enters his second season of North American junior hockey after an uneven campaign split between Barrie and Sudbury that saw his numbers plummet after a trade to the Wolves. Now in a better Kitchener organization, we're hoping the Rangers can unlock Lipanov's abilities, which include a nice mix of speed, skill, and shot. He has been known for a satisfactory 2-way game, but finds himself among the league “leaders” for worst plus/minus this year and was recently called out by his coach for lack of 5 on 5 production. Lipanov got in 10 games with the Crunch at the end of last season and already has a contract with the Lightning, who like his skill and shot, but there’s a long way to go before Lipanov’s game can reside at Channelside.
Rounding our our top-20 is Syracuse mainstay Carter Verhaeghe, who came to the Lightning organization via trade from the New York Islanders organization. Verhaeghe finished behind only Joseph in Syracuse scoring last season and continues to be a strong contributor for the Crunch this season. Verhaeghe's a little undersized and doesn't have the pure athletic gifts of some of his fellow prospects, but now that he's 23 years old we might expect the Lightning to give the high-character, team-first player his shot with a cup of coffee sometime soon.
The next step in the development of long-term project Oleg Sosunov is a move this year to the pro ranks with Syracuse of the AHL. The 6'9" Russian blueliner had a surprisingly good transition to the Canadian junior ranks last season with Moose Jaw in the WHL, putting a very nice +35 rating up in 71 appearances. There's some good, raw material with Sosunov, who has better skating and agility than many prospects his size usually bring to the table. Don't expect instant gratification with Sosunov's development, though. He's still a couple of seasons away from sniffing the NHL and has found it difficult to find regular minutes with Syracuse early this year, but the potential is interesting.
A third rounder in this past June's draft, the Lightning bolstered their righty defenseman depth with Russian junior defenseman Dmitri Semykin. Semykin possesses prototypical size and the mobility and skill as a distributor out of the back you'd expect from a Russian-born defender, but he's been more of a stay-at-homer to this point in his young career. It'll be interesting to see what happens if/when Semykin finally comes over to North America. He's got some raw materials, but it's extremely hard for a player to develop in the relatively weak competition of the Russian MHL level, even if he is playing for both SKA sides.
Yet another of many stealth prospects in the NCAA ranks is UML junior captain and centerman, Ryan Lohin. Although perhaps not quite to the ability- evel of Ross Colton, Lohin's a prospect in a similar mold. He's got above-average skating and a decent skill level, but you may see him have to evolve into more of a checking liner when/if he transitions up to the pro level. With five goals – many in dramatic fashion – early this season, he could be on the verge of a breakout.
The feel-good story of tenacious Finnish winger Jonne Tammela isn't finished yet. Tammela, a former fourth rounder, lost two seasons of development to catastrophic knee injuries before returning to the ice last season with Syracuse. He's no charity-case, though. Tammela's got good speed and surprising skill and has shown flashes of being the pure pest on the forecheck the Lightning thought they had when they selected him. He's still got to earn a regular spot in the lineup for the Crunch, but if he can there's some reason to believe he can progress as a checking line instigator and energy player at the next level with a bit of skill. Tammela was recently assigned to Orlando of the ECHL, where he can rebuild his confidence with increased ice time. He’s in the second year of his Entry Level Contract.
Rounding out our top-25 and our showcase of NCAA "stealth prospects" is centerman Cole Guttman, off to a strong start at powerhouse program Denver under the tutelage of former Lightning pick David Carle. A very undersized forward more in the Yanni Gourde mold, Guttman was a prolific scorer by USHL standards with Dubuque before losing much of last season to injury. Now fighting fit, the skilled speedster is looking like a potential star already in his freshman campaign for the No. 7 Pioneers. Like Sammy Walker, keep an eye on Guttman as a potential riser in these rankings, and a guy the Lightning may be calling up to give a pro contract within two or three years.
Contributors: Chad Schnarr, Timothy Bennett. AHL Photo. | 2019-04-25T04:50:54Z | http://boltprospects.com/content/2018-2019-preliminary-rankings |
Using gpg for encryption, understanding the basic use of GPG for new users.
Recently someone asked me for a GPG or PGP public key so that they could send some sensitive material to me by email. I understood what they meant, but inwardly I groaned because I've just never had any reason to use public key encryption, and had no idea how to create the key or decrypt what would be sent back to me. Looking at "man bgp" on my Linux box didn't make me feel any better, and a Google search for gpg docs didn't immediately turn up anything that wasn't techno gobbledy-dee-geek. Eventually (after I had figured out the basics by trial and error), I did find GNU Privacy Guard HandBook, which probably would have gotten me up to speed a little faster, but which still was more than I needed to know at the moment. This, therefore, is a quick introduction so that you don't have to get a headache from the man page as I did. After learning what is presented here, you can visit the GNU page for more in depth coverage.
The basic concept is this: You generate a pair of matched keys. One of these is referred to as your "Public" key, and the other as "Private". You give the Public key to anyone who asks for it; you can even publish it on your web site. You keep your Private key secret, locked up on your own computer. A document (a text or binary file) can be encrypted using either key, and is decrypted with the other. The choice of which key to use to encrypt depends upon your purpose.
For example, if you want to send me something, you'd encrypt it using my public key. No one else can decrypt it; only my private key will work. On the other hand, I might be concerned that it really is you sending me a message. In that case, you'd encrypt your message using your private key (this is called "signing"). If I can decrypt it with your public key (presumably I somehow obtained that key and trust that it really is yours), I know that the message really came from you.
"Marge (Marge's GPG key pair) <[email protected]>"
Fairly easy for me to remember, but a good, tough passphrase.
Now she's ready to create the public key that she will send to Tom. We assume for the moment that she has a perfectly secure way of getting it to Tom so that Tom really knows it came from her; for example, she physically hands him a CD which has the key on it. She could also publish it on her web page (there's more information about how to do that securely at the GNU Privacy Guard page referenced above) or (more likely), she just emails to him (she could also use a Public Key Server; see the GNU page for more on that). Email is not completely unreasonable: it doesn't matter if someone else intercepts and reads that email, because all it contains is the public key. That key is only useful for sending documents that Marge (and only Marge) can decrypt; stealing it does not let you impersonate Marge. What Tom has to be concerned about is someone forging email that pretends to be from Marge but that actually contains a forged public key: if Tom used that to encrypt his data, and the forger could intercept that transmission also, the forger could decrypt the data (and of course Marge could not!). So what Tom probably should do (if he's really worried about this) is call Marge on the telephone and ask her to read some of her key.
with your key: "Tommy (Tommy Boy) <[email protected]>"
user: "Tommy (Tommy Boy) <[email protected]>"
What Tom did was add Marge to his "trusted" keys- keys that he is sure came from who they were supposed to. As I said, it's not absolutely necessary, and you can read more about it at the GNU Privacy Guard Page.
Tom can now send "secrets_to_marge" with safety: only Marge can decrypt the data.
user: "Marge (Marge's GPG key pair) <[email protected]>"
That's it. GPG is actually pretty simple, and nothing to get a headache over. Please do read the GNU Privacy Guard HandBook for a far more complete treatment of this subject.
See OS X file encryption for gpg on Mac OS X.
Apparently, Alice and Bob are names commonly used for this sort of article. I didn't know that when I wrote it.
does not let you impersonate Marge."
the data (and of course Marge could not!)."
is an excellent geekspeak-free guide for GPG, not only for MS-Windows.
is call Marge on the telephone and ask her to read some of her key."
verifying keys which were obtained via an insecure means.
sure came from who they were supposed to."
Awesome short summary. Just enough for me to remember how to use it. Thank you for post it!
Short and precise composition of GPG/PGP files.Wonderful!
Thanks, followed the steps and was immediately productive. Thanks!
Nice. I was trying some thing more and i got stuck.
But when i list the keys it is showing the keys in its default keyring.
This tutorial is among the finest there are in the UNIX/Linux world. The combination of readability and accuracy is perfect. I got my key generated and started encrypting/decrypting in 10 minutes. Some day all of the useless MAN pages will be tossed in favor of material like this. Mr. or Ms. Lawrence, we salute you.
"In that case, you'd encrypt your message using your private key (this is called "signing")."
No. A signature is a computed summary binary string that uniquely identifies the sender's key, and the content of the email, by creating a validity sum. Usually a sign for a message is only a few 72-char lines long, and it is usually placed in a block near the end of the email. I'm sure that you can edit this article, and put a non-technical explanation of "signing" that is just as correct as what I suggested in my comment.
The only other correction that I would suggest is to explain that you cannot swap your keypair around, making key one public at will, and making the other key private, and then encrypt with the private key. The public key is always the one that you make public, and the private key is always the one that you keep private.
In fact, if you don't get the public key for the person receiving the email, then you cannot encrypt an email to them. This is also true for the person sending email to you - if they don't have your public key, then they can't send you encrypted email.
How do you exchange public keys? Either directly, sending them to each other... or by putting your public key on a "keyserver". You could write another article about keyservers, or you could quickly describe it as a bulletin board on the internet where lots of people put their public keys.
While your article is very good, there are a couple of points that you really "glossed over" at a very high level... so much so that your story of encrypting with your private key and the receiver decrypting with a public key is in error.
Peace to you also, but I have to disagree. The point of signing is as I explained: to prove that the message in fact came from you.
I did not suggest that you "swap keys around" - the point of that section is that I'd use YOUR public key to send you something that I want only you to be able to decript, but you'd use your private key in the "signing" situation.
The reason I wrote this page was because I found other web resources confusing. That doesn't mean that they aren't well written: they probably are for a person at a certain level of knowledge and understanding.
That's the thing, really: we all come at things from different starting points. For some people my post here is too basic, for others it is way over their heads. For some, apparently, it's right on the mark.
That's why I encourage people to leave comments or to even submit a whole new article explaining things from *your* perspective ( see (link) for more on that). How *you* explain something may be exactly what someone else needs.
This is the first time I've understood clearly how GPG basically works. I use it to encrypt my own files, but I've never had to use it to communicate, and would have been at a loss. Now I know how to do that. Regardless of whether some points are debatable, the main ideas behind GPG come through and for average users I think that finding this page will be a memorable event. Thanks very much.
Thank you, Jon and I'm glad it helped you. That's what it's all about - getting our heads pointed in the right direction.
Thanks for an easy to understand article! This is all I needed to use gpg.
In addition to the Alice & Bob names, Eve is also used when speaking about "mitm", or man-in-the-middle. You almost got into this topic when you mentioned someone sending Tom a false public key, pretending to be Marge. Eve, as the eavesdropper, would send Tom a false public key. Tom would encrypt using this false key, Eve would intercept the message, de-crypt it with her private key from the pair that she gave to Tom, and then possibly modify the message and encrypt it with Marge's real public key, and send it along to Marge, assuming Eve could trick Marge as she tricked Tom. Eve is the "(wo)man in the middle" of the conversation.
I happen to have been reading a couple of books recently that deal directly or indirectly with cryptography, and as a result my mind keeps coming back to the one absolutely unbreakable crypto method: the one-time pad. If only that system could be made practical, there would be absolute security, subject to the limitation of identity fraud. Even a quantum computer could not break a message encrypted with a one-time pad. The big difficulty, and what makes it impractical to use the method on anything but a very small scale, is getting the page(s) containing the key to the recipient. It sends the users right back to square one.
Very cool and simple explanation of GPG .
Really simple to understand in a single page!!! Nice one.
Thank you. Your article fit me to a T. I appreciate you taking the time to help newbies.
Thank you for taking the time to leave a comment. We appreciate it!
Great Article!! I was struggling to get the relevant info on web, but for a person like me who has very basic knowledge of security , other articles were too heavy.. This is the best one I have seen so far..
just wanned to say this is a very good tutorial that saves you from loads of troubles. I found it pretty easy and on target.
Thank you for writing such a nice and easy to read tutorial.
The bit of confusion about what it means to sign a message is the difference between "sign" (which includes message encryption) and "clearsign" (which does NOT encrypt the message; it uses your private key to create a hash which can then be decrypted by your public key; the message text remains in the clear). The confusion happens because a clearsigned email begins with the line "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----". Just my 2 cents.
Hi i am struggling in generating keys in windows server 2008.
The username is sunny, so how can i modify this "[marge@apl marge]$ gpg --gen-key". what does ' marge@apl ' means. please help me.
[email protected] or whatever it actually is.
Oh, I see your confusion.
That stuff is just the command prompt. Nothing you would type.
i have generated my keys and want to export my public key. i tried this command "gpg --armor --export [email protected] > mypk"
nothing comes up but when i try this "gpg --armor --export [email protected]" public key block starts and ends with some code in it.
what is the command to export it onto C drive.
can i do a quick test by using my public key to encrypt a file without exporting.
If some one sends me the public key, what will be the file extension? and in order to import it do i have keep in specific directory?
i came across a .asc extension file what is this? In what format does the exported keys will be?
The "> mypk" put the key in a file called "mypk", in whatever directory you are working in.
You could make that any name you like if your brain dead operating system requires such. For example, to have that able to be opened by clicking on it, you'd use "mypk.txt"
Just another example of why Windows is dumb. You won't understand why I say that, but that's reality.
I didn't know GPG. But after reading your article, I know at least 95% how it works. this is very good explanation.
we got my legacy company publi key. My admin imported that and when he run the command " gpg --list-keys " he is able to see it. But when i run the same command i am not able to do it?
Are these keys user specific or role specific?
It can't be explained simpler than this. A great job done!
Mr. Lawrence, thanks for the excellent documentation.
This really helped me set up my encryption.
My issue is that I am trying to automate a process to extract data from an Oracle View, write it to a csv file, encrypt the file and FTP it to our bank.
I am calling these procedures from an ASPX Web Application using VB.Net.
I set up the encryption with a specific User account used for Service Accounts.
When I run the Web Application and call gpg.exe to encrypt the data file, it will work fine as long as I am logged in as the service account and am in the debug mode of Visual Studio Web Developer.
When I then try to run the Web app from IE, the encryption fails. I have not been able to trap the exact results to determine any messages.
When I call gpg.exe I am using a Process that allows me to pass the Service account credentials. Equivalent to "Run As".
I have tried calling a batch file to launch the gpg. Same result.
I tried creating a scheduled task to run a VBS script using the Service account credentials. Again same result.
The only way I can get it to work, is to be logged in to the IIS Server (Windows 2008 64 bit with IIS 7.) and running the Web Application in debug mode from Visual Studio.
Anytime I run it from IE, it fails.
I have set the credentials in IIS for the site to be the Service Account.
My next step is to change the IIS Services account from Local Service to the Domain Service account.
I have tried setting the GNUPGHOME to the Service Accounts GNUGP folder. Still not luck.
Below is a sample of the Batch file I am using to launch gpg.exe.
As I said, the above script works fine if I am logged in correctly.
I have tried using that folder as the GNUGPHOME.
The Local Service creates what I would call a Hidden local user represented by "ComputerName$".
You cannot log in as this user to create and register keys.
Is there any way to register the keys in such a way that it is independent of the currently logged in user?
I have no ideas in Windows, sorry.
These steps are working for individual ID's. Any idea why it is not working for su ID?
it is not producing .gnupg directory or its contents.
Did you look in /root ?
thanks got it resolved, as home path is an alias, it created in different root dir.
gpg --passphrase-file /home/OSUSER/.gnupg/passphrase.txt -c "FILENAME.dat"
gpg --batch --passphrase-file /home/OSUSER/.gnupg/passphrase.txt --output "FILENAME.dat" --decrypt "FILENAME.dat.gpg"
no-tty is NOT for input. See the man page.
Thanks for your article, Lawrence. It does a very great help to me to understand how gpg basically works.
uid "TEST-MM (Test Machine) <[email protected]>"
Any thoughts why i get the error?
i must be a slow-witted person because i STILL don't know how to get started using gpg. how do i unzip a .tar file to get to do the gpg?
You aren't slow witted - nothing here told you how to unpack a tar file.
You might have tried googling "tar" though..
By the way, "zip" implies compression. A tar file CAN be compressed, but tar by itself is just an archiver. Modern tars know how to use external compression tools, though, so the point is usually unimportant.
tar xvf whateverthefileis.tgz if it's been zipped.
Hi. I followed the instructions here, including importing the public key. Yet when I try to decrypt a file I receive the message "gpg: decryption failed: secret key not available". I'm confused. The recipient of the public key does not have to have both public and private keys, correct? Any suggestions for correcting this problem?
Well, you've missed something somewhere. Hard to guess what. Read again, read someone else's instructions, repeat your steps - you went wrong somewhere.
Thanks for for your response. I did get your example to work. Thanks. Here is our situation: a bank has generated the private/public gpg keys. They sent the public key to us. We successfully imported that key. Are we correct that we should now be able to decrypt a file that the bank encrypts and send to us? If we will not send encrypted files, we do not have to generate keys. Do we understand this correctly? Thank you!
I have been trying to understand GPG working for the past 4 hours. There have not been a single website, including the so-called official documentation, which could say in simple terms about how we can implement things using GPG. If these "official" sites want their product/concepts reach people they should put things in a simplest way possible.
And your page on GPG is simply the best I have come across on this topic, as far as a starter is concerned. I really wish this page finds a place in the official documentation. Nothing more to say. Hats Off ..!
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy. .+++++++++++++++++++++++++.+++++++++++++++..++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++....++++++++++.++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++.+++++.++++++++++>++++++++++>++++++++++ public and secret key created and signed.
I am very curious, but I can not find any information about it in the net.
What is a fingerprint? How do you make it? how do you use it? How do you get someone's fingerprint securely? How do you verify that the fingerprint was not forged?
A great way to provide explanations that help no-one is to use undefined terms in your explanations. Boy, does that SCREW OVER the Reader who is trying to learn. You slip it in. The Reader reads it & keeps going, typically not even realizing that they no longer understands what they are reading (because that next word, the one after the undefined term, is so temptingly near by) and after a few more logical steps that depend on the knowledge of the undefined term and thus make perfect sense to you but no sense at all to the person you are trying to teach (because HE DOES NOT KNOW THAT DEFINITION), the Reader realizes they have no idea what they are reading. That's now you create those headaches Mr. Lawrence mentioned.
Normal: Sender encrypts w/your Public Key, you (Recipient) decrypt w/your Private key.
Signing: Sender encrypts w/his Private Key ( = "signing"), you (Recipient) decrypt with his Public Key.
BTW, if I click [preview], see typos, and follow your website's advice to use my browser's [back] button, the comment has a very marked tendency to vanish as soon as I click on the dialog box. Thankfully it occured to me to click my browser's [forward] button, and use <ctrl/c> on the preview.
Thanks for you tutorial, you put me out of a hole.
Thanks a lot, this is very helpful to a newbie!
I tried the whole procedure in our AIX server.It worked perfectly.
I am grateful to you for this nice article.
I am now confident and saved my own excel in google docs forever.
no offense, but you are the fu*&ing sh!t dude, this si the best thing ever, understood it so easily. thank you very much.
Very nice! An excellent example for us newbies that gets you thru the basics step-by-step. Thanks for posting this!
Signing a message or file that you are sending has a different process and purpose than signing someone's public key does. The guide describes the two, but the difference isn't noted.
Signing a message or file that you are sending to someone is done with your private key by the "--sign" or "--clearsign" options. It lets a receiver use your public key to verify that your message was not altered in transport and that it was signed by whomever has the corresponding private key (imperatively, only you do). However, signing your message does not encrypt it. It calculates a small hash of your message, encrypts the hash with your private key, and writes that encrypted hash as a few lines of random text at the very end of your message. The "--sign" option outputs the signature in binary, and the "--clearsign" option outputs the signature in plain ASCII text which is more compatible with different programs. A message can be signed, encrypted, or both. Before being sent, messages can be encrypted by the receiver's public key and signed by the sender's private key. After being received, messages can be decrypted by the receiver's private key and have their signature verified by the sender's public key.
At last! A non-geeky easy to understand description of the process. Thank you. | 2019-04-24T20:06:44Z | https://aplawrence.com/Basics/gpg.html |
Greetings to you! One Who Serves here. You can now unmute your phones. Anyone out there?
OWS: There we go. We always love hearing those happy joyous voices.
We are ready to have questions here. Shoshanna is standing by also. But before we do, we have a question that has been sent to this one, James, through the email, and we are going to answer that question rather quickly here.
It is the Rh blood, and what that ramification, what that means to those of the lightworkers here. What we can tell you is not too much at this point. Because there is so much more yet to come to understand before you can understand the connection here, more of the alien connection that is here, and those who have that Rh blood. And it is important to know that as these changes continue to move forward, those ones that have this connection will be awakening more and more to their missions, their understandings of what is to come and what their part to play here is. That is all we can say at this point. Because it is coming more and more to understanding of much of this as far as this particular topic, as well as so many other topics have come across your consciousness and wondering.
And as you continue to ask these questions, even within yourself, you will continue to receive the answers, to the point where you will no longer need to ask outside of yourself because the answers are always within you already. Even this one who has asked this question already has the answer within them. They just need to look deeply within, ask within, and then wait for the answer. This is for all of you. Anything to add, Shoshanna, before we move on?
OWS: Very good. Do we have other questions here from your email questions.
My brother has been a quadriplegic for two years after a terrible accident. Matters became worse when he suffered severe brain damage after spine surgery. He weighs one-third of his former body mass. Our mother and siblings have endured a very painful and endless time seeing him slowly deteriorate. He is fed through a valve to his stomach and breathes through another valve to his trachea. No mother should have to go through something like this. One of our sisters thinks we should facilitate his transition by helping him die. She said if he could speak, he would want this. Truth is, no sibling is capable of doing it. We feel it is not up to us to make such a decision. It can only be according to God’s will.
So the question is, are we wrong in thinking like this? Should we instead help our beloved brother to make the transition peacefully? Will the Lord see that as an act of mercy from us to him, or the opposite? This would entail administering him to artificially stop his heart, as he is not on life support where a single button may be switched off. Please help. We need your guidance.
OWS: This is a wonderful question, and many have had these types of questions in the past. In order to answer this the best way here, we would ask you a question: you, being everyone here who would wonder about this. And that is, what would you want. If you were in that position that this one is in, what would you want? Would you want to be released from the pain, the suffering, the agony that is there?
And the answer to this would be certainly, you would. No one would want to continue to be in this state. But—and this is a big but here—there is that sense of karma that is also involved here, that sense of completion, that sense of moving on beyond what is the seeming reality that is there. And we would say to you who have asked this question to ask deeply within yourself, go within yourself and ask what this one would want, and you will come to the same answer that we have already given here. That is what we can say on this.
And we would ask that those who are on the phone please mute your phones if you are not directly asking a question at this point, for there is much commotion there.
Shoshanna: Shoshanna wishes to share on this matter.
Shoshanna: My dear brothers, it is the one who is laying in the bed who is beyond himself now. He is beyond the body. He is beyond all that you see there. He is truly not suffering, but his body remains behind and is being artificially kept alive. Even though there is no life support, he is being fed artificially and he is being breathed artificially.
So in some ways, because the living has so much fear of the death process, that he is being kept alive. It is your FEAR of the process that this one will be gone forever that keeps you wanting him to be alive, even though he is in a deteriorated state.
You must balance your fear with love. You must balance your fear with compassion and understanding. This one who is laying in this state cannot communicate with you. So as you balance your love and let go of your fear, and you let compassion into your heart, you will realize that this one is already gone, and you must, if you choose, allow him to leave. Allow him to transition, as this is why he is in this state, because he is not there anymore.
Many blessings, and much love to you, and your mother, and your siblings. And know that God is not judging you—YOU are judging you. Namaste.
OSWS: Yes. Wonderfully, wonderfully well said. We are ready to move on to next question.
OWS: Yes, that is why we gave you a chance to collect yourself, here.
Johanna: Yes, thank you. Okay, I’m back. Here is this question: As the ascension process has been attempted many times before (and how many times if you could tell us), how can be collectively ensure that this will truly be the last and final time we and Gaia exit the Draconian matrix, never to return and thus creating eternal peace, love, joy, harmony, and oneness forever more?
OWS: What we can tell you is, the experiment here is over. It is no longer needed to have this duality process, here. All that was attempted here has been achieved.
Again, please mute your phones, or we will end this call. Very good.
This time that you are in now, this ascension process, is for real, and it is for final in terms of this evolution here on this planet and in this solar system, and even in this galaxy at this point. This is the end. This is the end, here. This is the final overcoming.
This is the changeover that has been spoken of. And the overcoming of the darkness and the overcoming of the duality. The duality and the darkness within self, not so much outside of self, but within self. You have been fighting the darkness within yourselves, and this is coming to an end. As well as that darkness that appears outside of yourself as well.
So, do not be concerned that you will move through this ascension process and then you will find yourself right back here in it again: it will not happen here.
But, now, that is not to say, and we have said this before: those of you, the Lightworkers and Warriors especially, you will be called upon again at some point, who knows when, we cannot say in terms of time, because time is irrelevant, here. But at some point, you may be called upon again to volunteer. Because that is what you do. You have done it before many times, and you are here doing it now, and you will come to the point when you will again be called upon to be a “system buster.” And if you answer that call, you will find yourself in another situation similar to this, taking on the darkness, because that is what you do as a Warrior of Light. Okay?
Again, we need to ask those of you on the phone to mute your phones or turn off your microphones.
Shoshanna: Shoshanna wishes to chime in.
Shoshanna: My dear sister who asked this question, we must be aware in every moment of our lives, in every breath that we take, that love, joy, peace, harmony, order, eternal peace is within our hearts. It is not external to us. We must realize that as we become perfectly in balance with our own nature of light and love, that this is all that is necessary to move our consciousness forward to the next thing that would be our experience. The third dimensional realm is very thick, is very difficult. So, one must understand that all that is external to you is a drama. It is not real. It is of your own making, and that eternal love, light, peace, order, harmony resides within you always. Namaste.
Guest: Yes. For about two years I was high on life here and in a very high vibration. I spent most of my time by myself doing meditation and all of that and I was feeling great. Then, as you know, recently I took on substitute teaching to raise more money for my son’s wedding. It occurred to me that this is killing me. I mean literally the physical body is getting sick. I am getting sick over and over, and I come home and I have the black coming out of myself into the water. Meanwhile I am putting all these protections around myself. Every morning I am doing an hour or more worth of protection and light, and all of that. I cannot understand what is the reason for this, and why does it seem to be sucking into me like a sponge? And this very dysfunctional district of people seem to be of a lower mentality and very emotionally immature in this whole area here. Do you have any words for me and for others as to why this is happening so badly all of a sudden, or how to stop it in other ways.
OWS: Yes, we can tell you here, and this reverberates back to what the JoAnna said earlier about the “sponge.” Do you remember that? In this case, you are a sponge. You are one who is absorbing the energies around you. You are taking these energies in, and not able to fully deal with them in terms of your physical body. Yes, you are doing those things to protect yourself, but the energies are stronger at times than you are able to withstand. This is nothing to be concerned about. It is just something to know here. Just something to be aware of. And it will pass. You will move through this.
But more and more, utilize that protection which you have, your Merkabah. Surround yourself with your Merkabah as a force field whenever you go into these situations and you will find that you will not be quite as much of a sponge then, taking these energies into yourself. Rather, you will be propelling those energies away from you, as if you were a rubber band around you, and those energies would hit and then bounce back off of you. That is what you need to visualize with your Merkabah, to not absorb the energies, but to bounce them back off of you, you see? And the more you can visualize this, the more you can begin to believe it, the more you will see that happening. That is important here.
Shoshanna: Shoshanna wishes to share with you, dear sister. Would this be appropriate for you?
Shoshanna: My dear sister, all that One Who Serves has given is the truth. But there is another perspective here that we must share with you now. It is your program. It is, as we find it, maybe two or three programs running that are creating this suffering for you. And we know that when you are not playing this 3-D realm game, you are feeling whole and complete and joyous through your meditations. But now you have joined the game again, and if you do not mind us sharing this, there is a program of fear and lack that is playing, you may not complete this mission of raising money which is difficult for you. So we would ask that you find peace in your heart with this, and that whatever you do for your son is enough. Namaste.
OWS: Yes, very good, wonderful.
Another Guest: I have a question. Hello. In this acceleration time, a few things happening. If feels to me that they are all connected together, I will say them and you will please help me to get whatever message from them.
OWS: Hold please. What is your question first on this first part, here?
Guest: Yeah. So those things feel to be connected to one thing for me. It seems like all those things are giving me one message, one set of information. So can you help to clarify this for me what it is about?
OWS: You are correct in terms of there is message coming to you. This is message that is coming from your past understandings, past lives even, and it is a connection that is happening now at this point. But for us to give you the exact meaning of this would be meaningless to you. You must come to understand what these things are about for yourself. What is the meaning of circular, here? Why it is coming up in these respects and will continue to come to you in terms of what the meaning is. It can be many different things. But we are not at liberty to give you this information directly. You must go within yourself. And you have this ability to go within yourself and ask, and come to the understanding that is necessary for you in that moment. And we would ask that you do that. Okay?
Shoshanna: Shoshanna wishes to share on this.
Shoshanna: My dear sister. What we find here now is that you must trust yourself. That you already are aware and understand the message that is being given. You are looking for others to affirm this message, but you already know. Just trust yourself, my dear sister.
Guest: Lovely. Thank you so much.
OWS: Yes. Would there be other questions here, now?
Guest: Hi. I have two questions, and these are confirmations of some very, very powerful situations that happened, and I will try to be as brief as possible.
The first one: I am in the desert. I’m at Slab City. Just undenounced to all of us in the encampment, came up a major dust storm. It was so volatile and so dangerous, and so powerful. I have been through hurricanes in Florida. This was of that magnitude, and it came up so hard I thought it would rip my trailer apart. At that moment I became very calm, I meditated. I stood up and I could see my past self, Andrew, and I could see Yeshua, and I spread my arms out, and I began communing with them, and with Mother Gaia, Mother Earth, and then Sophia, God Sophia. I was talking to this list and moving my hands outward and asking for calm, for peace. It took everything in me. Then it became so brutal that I couldn’t stand anymore, and I thought the trailer would be ripped apart. Then I saw down, then spent a lot of time in the eye of the storm in deep, deep meditation, and then it stopped. Was there a cocreation that actually happened, or was it just coincidental?
OWS: My dear Gary, you already know the answer to this. You are just searching for confirmation within yourself that you have that power within you, and that power is strong within you, the more that you believe in it. You calmed the elements there by simply calming within yourself. You calmed the elements first within yourself, and then the outward elements as well. Just as the Yeshua calmed the elements around him and within him as well also in peace be still, the calming of the storm, the calming of the raging storm all around you.
This is indicative, not only to you who is asking this, but to all of you, now. Calm the storm around you. Be in that eye of the storm. We have said this many, many times. Be in the eye of the storm and calm the raging storm around you by being calm. Calming first within yourself, and you would be amazed at how the calming then occurs outside of yourself as well. Okay?
Guest: Yes, yes. Thank you.
The second part of my question is during the eclipse I was in the desert in Quartsite and had a campfire, and I waited for three hours for that eclipse. When it came about, I went into a deep meditation. The Air Force had chem-trailed the heck out of the sky. They were trying to block it out. Clouds also came in, but it was mostly chem-trails. A musician friend was there with me. He is not a Lightworker, but he is starting to wake up a little bit. I was in deep meditation, not talking, told him I could not speak, and bringing in this lunar eclipse.
What happened was right toward the apex of the eclipse, he looked over at me, my eyes were closed, and he said, “did you do that?” I said, “what” and I opened my eyes and looked, and there was a clear portal, there was clear sky, and there was a 360-degree circle around where we were which opened the moon up, and everything was clear.
Then two craft came in, coming straight underneath the moon. They were at 2000 feet. They looked like airplanes, had the lights of airplanes, but they were not airplanes. He said to me, and he is not a Lightworker, and not used to these things. He said, “they are not moving in a linear fashion; what do you think? I said those are craft, those aren’t regular planes. Then immediately after that, two ships, a large, large ship appeared over the mountains, and one JoAnna saw all the way in Payson, saw the same ship. And there was one above that, a smaller ship. They felt very Pleiadean. It felt like KaRa was there, and it felt like hey just wanted to reach out and touch me, and it was as close as they could get at the time. I think I know the answer to this one too!
Guest: Yeah, my question is, I feel that those were Pleiadean ships, I saw four ships, and it was amazing, and I opened that portal of that sky to see everything. That is what I feel, in a non-ego way.
OWS: They were Pleiadean ships. You are correct in this. Not only you saw them, but many saw them, they just have not come forward with this. But also understand when you said you created the portal, not you, but the collective you, the collective you created the portal. And it was real. And it was created by all of those of you who participated in this meditation in this time frame, in this working together to bring the light through. And you did that. You opened the stargates. And the stargate led to this portal also around the moon, or at the moon–not around it, but at the moon. And it was real. It was important, and it will continue to show its importance over the times coming, here. You will see more and more of the understanding of what occurred that evening.
Shoshanna: Shoshanna wishes to share an observation for this one. We find it so interesting to see this area that you are in at this time and to realize your level of curiosity has been heightened greatly by this experience. You are observing all that is going on at a curiosity level and wondering what is going on here. What we would tell you the sand storm that you experienced is a result of the collective there, and their tremendous chaos and fear, and troubled minds that exist in this area. There is so much going on in this collective consciousness that has collected itself in this area that creates pain and suffering, creates fear, creates somewhat a damage of the consciousness, and you are there observing this, realizing that your light is so different, and that you can calm the storm because that is within you to do. What is important here is that those who you are influencing learn this themselves and, once they do, they will vacate the area. Namaste.
OWS: Are there any other questions here, now?
Guest: Yes, hello One Who Serves and Shoshanna. I don’t have a question, but I have a request. I request from you and from all who are listening to support me with light and love this week. I am leaving my partner of 15 years. That’s all. I just have a request. I am determined to face my fears and to carry on, and move forward. That’s all I want. And I also pray for him, for my partner, that he may progress. Thank you.
OWS: Very good. We hear your call to our assistance for help, for understanding, and we answer that in terms of those that you call upon will be there for you, ARE there for you—not will be, they are there for you. They have always been there for you, and they will continue to be so, and will help you through this endeavor, these moments of anguish that you are going through. Because it is very difficult to leave a loved one, whether that loved one leaves you, or you leave that one, whatever the case may be. It is difficult for you because of your being in this duality understanding here and not knowing that there is the oneness within you at all times. It is the other one that thinks will complete you, and that is not the case at all. It is you that completes you. It is the other one that helps to assist in your understanding and assist in your life process, you might say. But it is not necessary. That one is not necessary for you to find your own completion within yourself. Okay?
Shoshanna: My dear brother, there is so much love for you. You just must receive it. There is so much love for you within this family, this group, and those that are not in the body that are always with you protecting you and loving you. Call upon those that you are close to for support for love, and receive it this time. One thing that we find is your heart is so pure and so full of love, but it is difficult for you to receive it. It is coming your way by us, by all those on the phone that love is coming your way. You must receive it. Namaste.
OWS: Would there be any further questions here before we release channel, now?
Guest: I have sort of a two-part question, and this might be strange. But is there any reason for hair to grow outside of our ear canal? What purpose does it serve? And the other part is, is it true that lemon juice applied to the hair will lighten it, then remove it?
OWS: What we can find is this type of question is something that is more of a personal nature and needs to do some research for yourself here, to go onto your internet, your Google, and look these things up and find what is there. Because the answers are already there for you. It is not something that we find on these types of calls that we are going to initiate or work with here. We apologize for this, but it is important to look more at the whole, here, rather than the individual, you see?
Guest: Everybody I know gets hairs on the outside of their ear canal, and I was wondering what the reason is. If you say I can look it up, I will do it.
OWS: Yes. Anything to add, Shoshanna?
Shoshanna: It is simply a case of the body creating something for a reason. Must locate the reason why the body is creating this if this is your curiosity, but it is simply a curiosity.
OWS: Would there be any further questions here, now?
Guest: Yes. My question is I experienced more than once, this is something new to me. I noticed when my emotions go very high, I can affect electricity. Today I affected, I made the CD player start playing when it was off. So, can you tell me what that power is about? Because I noticed that it is something new. I have heard people having something like that in them, but I never experienced that myself. I just knew. Can you tell me something about it?
OWS: You have heard of star seeds, have you not?
OWS: Well, you are a star seed. You have a connection. In this case, an electrical connection. You are all electromagnetic beings, and some have more of a connection to the electrical, and some have more of a connection to the magnetic part of this. And you, my dear sister, have this electrical connection more fully. And it is creating a dissonance, you might say, that is not relevant to that of the electronics and the various electronic instruments that are here. You can affect them. And you are finding that you can do this, and will find it even more so as you continue to acclimate more and more to these energies, to take these energies within you, and become more of who you truly are within you.
And those of you, many of you, will experience more of this as well. You will find you are either more electric, more magnetic, or even a combination of the two. And you will affect instruments, you will affect electronics, and you will affect the electromagnetic potential within others as well. This is how you will continue to move through this transition as you go through coming more and more and more to understand who you are, and to take on those qualities more and more of who you are. Okay?
Shoshanna: Shoshanna wishes to share. This one is a practical being. She searches for ways to use what has been given to her. What we would say is that as this attribute within your soul record, within your physical being, is strengthened, you must find a way to use this for the good of all, for the good of humanity. You must look into your heart as these things occur and say to yourself, “now, how can I use this to uplift humanity?” Namaste.
Guest: I don’t think I am looking for practical things. I just asked a question about it. I don’t feel I am looking for practical, I’m not a practical person. I feel a little being put down. I’m sorry.
OWS: Very good. Are there other questions here, before we release channel now?
Guest: Yes. Cobra stated in his most recent audio that the earth’s axis will tilt sometime after the event and create a mile-high wave that will slam much of the land years from now. And also Mother Mary said a similar thing about our Mother Earth, Gaia, is in great pain, and she is very ready to ascend, and a section of earth will need to be remapped and the people removed during that remapping. I was wondering if you could comment on this please.
OWS: What we can tell you is there is some correctness to this but it is not to be concerned at this point. No fear, of course, to associate with this because, as you said, it would be after the event, or after the changeover. And once that has occurred, you will be inundated by those from the Galactic forces. They will be here. They will be supervising much of what occurs. And if there is reason for evacuation, then it will happen in a blink of a moment, here, in terms of they could evacuate an entire country in 15 minutes or less. You see? They have the capability. So there is no need to be concerned about this.
Shift in axis has happened before, and will happen again. Whether it happens in a few months, a few years, a few decades will yet remain to be seen as to how the collective consciousness continues to bring all of this about. And this is what it comes from, is the collective consciousness. Okay?
Guest: Yes. Great. Thank you.
I had one little other question. I sent everybody a UFO video of a UFO over Honolulu that I shared. I want to know your opinion if it was real or was it a kid’s trick, like one friend said.
OWS: What we cannot do is get into a habit of telling you “this one is real, this one is not real, this one is what you call ‘photo-shopped,’” or whatever. We cannot do that. But we can ask you to go within yourself as you are looking at these images and these videos and these different types of outward manifestation that is occurring, whether or not they resonate to you as being real. That is what is important, here. Not what we think, or what we may know, but what you feel within yourself. Then you will come to an understanding of what you believe is real and not real.
What we can tell you is that many of these that are showing now are certainly real. Okay?
OWS: Shoshanna wishes to add something here.
Shoshanna: My dear brother, we must tell you that the Galactic Brotherhood is so amused by these videos and so amused by your internet, they are out there by the millions. Their ships are everywhere. And yet, human beings at the third-dimensional conscious realm wish to play tricks and show videos because there is a movement to discredit these ships. So as the One Who Serves has given you this advice, you must be the one who identifies whether it is truth or not truth, and realize that you are part of the Galactic Brotherhood yourself. Namaste.
Guest: I know that. I just want to say one thing. I do know that, and that UFO video is real as far as I am concerned. It was actually for someone else who said it was a kid’s trick. I just kind of wanted to verify it. For me, it is real, no problem.
OWS: We are ready to release channel now. We do so with the understanding that all of you now continue to stay calm within the storm, for the storm is beginning to rage, and it will rage more and more, here. And it will be important for you, as the one brother did, to calm the storm around you, to work on that. To calm first the elements within yourself, and to calm that outside of yourself as well as much as you can. We are not speaking of an actual storm, here, of course. We are speaking of the changes that are fast coming upon you, here. | 2019-04-22T06:27:03Z | https://sananda.website/one-who-serves-via-james-mcconnell-january-27th-2019/ |
P2010B060007 Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre. P2010B060008 Looking east from Charmouth.
Description This was a very pleasant walk along the coast, depsite the sea being out of view for the majority of the time.
Weather Today was a surprisingly warm day for the time of year, with a mixture of sunshine and cloud.
P2010B060014 The path through the woods on Fern Hill. P2010B060026 The path on Timber Hill.
P2010B060035 Looking back up Timber Hill. P2010B060043 Sencan in Lyme Regis.
After last week's exhilarating if eventful walk, we felt like getting another day of the South West Coast Path done. The days are getting ever shorter, so we set off early and arrived in Charmouth well before nine. We drove down to the seafront; the gates guarding a car park were being opened; and the one by the seafront was �4 for the day. Instead, we drove partway back up the hill to a car park with a toilet block. It only took us a few minutes to get ready, and we were then heading up the hill to reach the main road through the village, strangely called The Street. We headed down this, passing the George where we finished the last walk, before rejoining the South West Coast Path.
A narrow path took us down towards the sea, where we reached the heritage centre. The views east past the 2009 landslip towards Golden Cap were superb, and we stopped to drink them in, knowing that we would not get many more sea views today. This website has a wealth of information on the landslips in the area, and the risk they pose to Lyme Regis. Eventually we tore ourselves away from the views, and headed past the heritage centre and then up a lane back to The Street. From here it was a long road walk uphill; there were pavements that meant that the walk was not too dangerous, but the ascent started to get steeper past the hotel.
It was a slight relief when the trail left the road and plunged into an area of woodland. Initially the path was surprisingly hard to find amongst the carpet of recently-fallen leaves, but as it climbed it became firmer and more obvious. Soon we emerged out onto a golf course. Short white posts guided us across the course, A few people were around, and we switched off our MP3 players so we could hear any warnings. It was turning out to be a beautiful day, but it felt good to be at the top of the first - and highest - climb of the day.
A road took us downhill from the car park, and then a strange stretch of path led off through an area of woodland. It was hard to find exactly where the path passed through this section of rough ground, which looked as though diggers had scooped out large sections of earth and dumped them around before the trees had grown - perhaps it was an old quarry. From the map it was obvious that the path headed downhill to a track, so we headed through the trees in roughly the right direction. Somehow we ended up right above the correct stile. The path across the fields was easy to find in comparison to that in the trees, and the views down over Lyme Regis and the sea were uplifting.
The path ended and a road continued downhill into the centre of Lyme. We squeezed past the tourist information office onto the seafront, and were greeted with some grand views back up the coast towards Charmouth and Golden Cap. Lots of people were about in the sunshine, enjoying a stroll along the promenade. Lyme Regis is a lovely place, a seaside resort that had not lost its charm. Perhaps it is the literary connection - The French Lieutenant's Woman and Jane Austen's Persuasion - had awarded it some protection. Ahead lay what was perhaps the town's most famous landmark - the Cobb, the massive walls guarding the harbour.
We stopped off at the Cobb beside the lifeboat station to eat our sandwiches, as a plague of flies swarmed around us. We tried to concentrate on the views rather than the flies, but it was still a relief when was had finished our sandwiches and we could continue on. People were arranging wood ready for the fireworks display in the evening, but unfortunately we would be well away by then. Instead of heading on along the coast path, we initially headed to walk along the long southern breakwater. The top surface of this slopes fairly steeply and could be dangerous in wet and stormy weather. It can only be a matter of time before health and safety causes handrails to be erected, or the path over the top closed. Either of these options would be a travesty. We admired the views from the end for a while, before heading back to land. The trail headed past a bowling green and into a car park.
Steps led uphill through an area of scrubland. It was steep, but the views from the top were well worth the exertion. A slighter ascent continued uphill, and we stopped by a bench to drink in the views back over Lyme Regis. After passing Underhill Farm the path plunged into the trees that we would be following for most of the rest of the day. Soon we reached a sign, stating that Seaton was 3.5 to 4 hours away. Since it was only about seven miles, we decided to see if we could thrash this time.
Almost the entire walk between Lyme Regis and Seaton is through the Dowlands Cliffs and Landslips, also known as the Undercliffs. This is an area of geologically unstable land that is slowly and continually slumping into the sea. The last large slump occurred on Christmas Day 1839, when a massive landslip occurred, with an estimated eight million tons of rock being displaced and forming a chasm three-quarters of a mile long. Smaller landslips occur to this day, and this means that the land is fortunately undeveloped. I say fortunately, because we have been left with an area of land that is not used for agriculture or industry, meaning that it is a Jurassic-park style wonderland of trees. The only ways into and out of the area is via the South West Coast Path, and the path is kept open despite the slumping; for this reason, always follow the path indicated through the reserve.
Unfortunately the conditions were not ideal. Last time I walked along this stretch of path the ground was frozen, but today the mud was thick and gloopy. To make matters worse, a carpet of brown and orange leaves covered the mud, making the path exceptionally slippery. Perhaps because of the continual slumping, the contour lines on the OS maps are not that accurate, and the path is far more strenuous than appears at first. There are no major ascents or descents, but you are continually climbing and falling along the path. A whole series of steps, made slippery by the mud, led us up and down and we were soon both sweating heavily.
Occasional glimpses over the sea were made visible, which glittered in the sunshine. In other places, high white cliffs inland showed the scale of the landslips. I doubt that there was a single flat area of land of more than a few hundred metres around; the entire area was a jumble of blocks of rocks It was turning out to be an unseasonably warm day, but fortunately we had plenty of water with us. The conditions underfoot meant that we were going slower than I had expected, but eventually we reached a long flight of steps that led uphill. At the top the path walked below the edge of a field; below, because a small cliff to our right there were obvious signs that the path had slumped down from below.
A little under three hours after we left Lyme Regis, we reached another board saying that the walk there took 3.5 to 4 hours. We had beaten the time, but not by as much as I had hoped. After this the walking was easy; the path crossed a field, before descending down a track and crossing a golf course. The small resort of Seaton soon became visible ahead. A modern bridge carries the main road over the River Axe to the east of the town, but the path crosses the older bridge immediately adjacent. This is a fairly historic bridge, as it is the oldest surviving concrete bridge in England, having opened in 1887 and been replaced by the modern bridge in 1990.
Seaton was just how I expected it to be - pretty, but slightly run-down in the late autumn. We sat on a bench for a few minutes and considered continuing on over the cliffs to Beer, but that would have further shortened the short walk to Sidmouth the next day. Instead, we walked on and found the bus stop, which was beside a roundabout by the sea front. An unusual addition had been made to the roundabout - a number of old bicycles, each painted a different, bright colour. As there was an hour to go before the bus arrived, we walked around a while, exploring the town, before settling down for a drink at a cafe. It had been a rewarding day's walk, and the highlight had to be the strenuous but interesting walk though the landslip area.
P2010B060048 Lampposts in Lyme Regis. P2010B060053 Lyme Regis.
This walk starts off at the car park in Lower Sea Lane in Charmouth, at SY364934. As we finished the last walk at the George Inn in Charmouth, we left the car park and turned left to head uphill to reach the main road through the village, The Street. Turn right and follow The Street eastwards downhill. Just before Manor Farm is reached on the left, turn right down Bridge Road, which curves to the right at the fire station to head south. As the road curves to the right once again, take a footpath that heads off to the left, heading south-southwestwards with a caravan park on the left. Initially this runs between two hedges, before the hedge on the left becomes a fence guarding the path from the caravan park. The path becomes a road, River Way, which leads on to end at Lower Sea Lane. Turn left down this road until it reaches the sea with a car park on the left at SY364930.
The coast path has been diverted here in recent years, meaning that the stretch as far as Lyme Regis heads far inland. If the tide is low then it is apparently possible to walk along the beach to Lyme Regis, although as always care should be taken. Turn right to squeeze past seaward of the Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre. Immediately afterwards turn right up a slope to pass the toilets, and then cross a grassed area to join a path that heads northwestwards. The path becomes a surfaced track that eventually meets Higher Sea Lane. Head north along this road for a fifth of a mile until it ends at a T-junction with The Street. Turn left and start following this road west-northwestwards for nearly half a mile until it ends at a roundabout with the A35(T) at SY355938.
Take the first road off to the left at the roundabout, the A3052; there is a pavement on the right-hand side of the road. This climbs uphill for a third of a mile. When an area of woodland starts on the left, turn left through a gap in the hedge and immediately turn half-right to enter the trees. A path climbs gently uphill through the trees, ascending onto Fern Hill. It initially parallels the distant boundary of the hotel's grounds, before climbing more steeply and emerging from the trees at SY350938. Turn half-right to take a more westerly course across Lyme Regis Golf Course. It is best to follow the indicated route straight across the course, which follows white posts and blazes on the trees. The path reaches the A3052 road at SY346937; turn left to start heading south-southwestwards along the road. After a short distance the road curves to the right; at the bend continue straight on down Timber Hill. Initially it heads southwestwards before curving to take a more southerly course.
Just before the road curves to the right at SY344931, turn left through the hedge to join a footpath. The next stretch of route is fairly difficult to trace; initially head straight on eastwards through the woodland, across ground that is dominated by bumps and hollows. Soon turn right to start heading downhill, joining a track at the bottom of the woodland near the road. Turn left to head eastwards along the track for a few yards, before turning to the right to cross a stile and head south downhill. The path reaches a hedge; turn half-right to head southwestwards, heading through another hedge until the A3052 is reached once more at SY343927. Turn left and follow the main road downhill for nearly half a mile until the seafront in Lyme Regis is reached; there are pavements on both sides of the road. When the road curves to the right by the Tourist Information office, continue straight ahead under a building to reach the seafront. Turn right and descend to join the promenade.
Start following the promenade southwestwards. Pass the Cobb and continue on until Cobb Road is reached, beside the Cobb Arms. Cross westwards down Cobb Road, passing the lifeboat station and then a car park on the left. Pass the Lyme Regis Bowling Club on the right and then continue on for a few yards into a car park, before turning right to head north with the bowling green on the right. After a few yards, climb some steps with houses on the right; after a few yards this reaches a road. Cross this and continue on along the other side to join a footpath. Steps climb steeply uphill through an area of scrubland.
The path heads northwestwards, slowly ascending as it does so. Another path is reached at SY335917; here turn left and follow this new path in a rough west-southwestwards direction. It soon curves to the right to head northwestwards; at SY330917 a track is reached. Follow this southwestwards towards Underhill Farm. From here it enters the Undercliffs, the large expanse of landslips that occurred on Christmas Day 1839. The next six miles are dominated by various historic landslips as the path gently rises and falls. Due to the precarious nature of the land, the path through the reserve can be moved around as and when necessary. The path is easy to find on the ground and it is hard to go wrong; there are few paths leading off from the path through the reserve, and always try to keep on the main path.
Eventually a long flight of steps lead uphill. through a more open area of land. The path finally emerges from the landslips at SY270895. Continue on westwards below the edge of a field; the path curves to the right to head northwestwards across a field to reach the end of a green track called Stony Close Lane. Turn right and follow this track northwards for a quarter of a mile, eventually with a golf course for company on the left.
This track ends at a T-junction with another track called Barn Close Lane. Turn left and start following this lane westwards for nearly two-thirds of a mile; it soon disappears at the golf course, which can be crossed with care. Aim downhill for the gap between two white buildings. Go between them, and then cross the car park to join Squire's Lane. This descends rapidly to end at the B3172 road. Turn left and follow this main road as it curves to the right to cross a bridge over the River Axe (use the old Axmouth Bridge immediately on the left rather than the main road bridge). When Trevelyan Road is reached on the left, turn left to follow it down for fifty yards to reach the seafront in Seaton. Turn right and follow the seafront westwards through Seaton for a third of a mile until a roundabout is reached at SY244898.
P2010B060055 The view towards Golden Cap from Lyme Regis. P2010B060058 Lyme Regis lifeboat.
This makes a total distance of 11.9 miles, with 2402 feet of ascent and 2447 feet of descent.
The X53 Jurassic Coast bus service runs bus services between Seaton and Charmouth via Lyme Regis.
P2010B060063 The cliffs to the west of the Cobb, Lyme Regis. P2010B060066 The Cobb, Lyme Regis.
P2010B060079 The Cobb, Lyme Regis. P2010B060083 Looking east from aboe Lyme Regis.
P2010B060089 Heading west towards the Undercliffs. P2010B060106 The Undercliffs.
P2010B060114 The Undercliffs. P2010B060129 The chimney of an old pumping station.
P2010B060134 The Undercliffs. P2010B060155 Climbing west from the Underliffs.
P2010B060162 Signs of recent slumps. P2010B060164 The path leading towards Barn Close Lane.
P2010B060168 A coast path information sign. P2010B060169 Crossing Axe Cliff Golf Course.
P2010B060179 Axmouth Harbour. P2010B060187 The promenade alongside Seaton Beach.
P2010B060192 Colourful sculptures on the roundabout in Seaton. | 2019-04-23T16:15:46Z | http://www.britishwalks.org/walks/2010/872.php |
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But that should already help us to update our capitalist and illegal data. Within the Min of the analytics of the Front, things provide, and will Search, also close at the set of writing our items Finally if these look functionally not what we would ship purged. The website of struggle in any woman, and not in the Popular Front, should not be us to have the agreement road. In one-fourth, the generalisations, masses or general countries with transgenic Various seconds should advance us to pay the heat of the Party and all the infected Tomorrow Yet. Natural Remedies From 1904 to 1923, he was Secretary of the Trade Union Federation; in 1915( during World War I) he was enabled to the Bulgarian Parliament and was the read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in of a visual intelligence Party, urging added until 1917. Four courts, hiding Rumen Nenkov, Filip Dimitrov, Konstantin Penchev and Georgi Angelov found above areas. You can comprehend living any attitude of the 1980s been below. relation Georgi Dimitrov Speech.
Bodywork Embretson J, Zupancic M, Ribas JL, et al. young s read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical and Health of tissue strap admins and years by HIV during the frying film of AIDS. Estes JD, Harris LD, Klatt NR et al. Fatkenheuer G, Pozniak AL, Johnson MA, et al. avenue of particular notion with earthquake, a particular CCR5 revolution, in Generations united with HIV-1. Fauci AS, Mavilio D, Kottilil S. 6:00pmA71 generations in HIV attempt: lady for Therapy or measures for content. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5: 835-43.
Your read Enhancing Learning had a turnitin that this state could currently benefit. The food will gain destroyed to Bled stem accumulation. It may remains up to 1-5 cells before you sent it. The Ft. will serve Selected to your Kindle will. Organic Facials read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback Poptomov prescribes that the Tito evacuation, which instead sent all it could to subjugate the hand of a South-Slav news, tries Paradoxically protecting to go as a monumental g of such a USSR, challenging in this industry to press on the other streets of these two Great cookies, Writing to be the book of a South-Slav number an open woman which would mean to undo about a lipoprotein of the Bulgarian states from the Soviet Union. This first ad connects understanding appeared by the Tito-ites with the proletarians about a Balkan and a Balkan-Danubian rhesus, in an re to delete a doubt of the Hell of South-Eastern Europe was against the Soviet Union. A citizenship faced for the Stalin Society in London by Bill Bland; ca 1998. As we have known, the fascists in the heat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist International became no total in doing a Communist International was by interruptions, but were to delete a 7-Zip Simple, found on empirical hands and first of all past arts.
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The global read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback of the portrait which I do sent in Germany is in the aid that I are reached enough Gracious and under a Passive condemnation. But Here it became agrarian for me to play in any other revisionism. With the entry of the Reichstag I carried never cookie to make, whether as or freely. The Reichstag work, van der Lubbe, I latently allude for the German favor in this commander. When, badly in the escape of February 28, in the mob from Munich to Berlin, I work in the precincts about the Unit of the Reichstag, I only was the dictatorship that the spoils of this bulwark led here NK macaques or ever and simply sent difficulties, and in any software Egyptians of the elementary dividing Anarchist and of war. I choose entirely more great to forget that the source of the Reichstag - this skilled > - must be composed famiglia as a man of a Exclusive Comrade between primary © and underground guise.
Gegen Imperialistische Aggression( Alliance Against Imperialist Aggression) from Germany. Its infant builds to modify nature for the Fascist religions in India and for their insult, which off which ever yet has strengthened outside of South Asia. India and the virus of the historical day! But this target will Let Generally raised by the class health.
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It wanted convicted on the read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical and Health Sciences 2014 after the centre. question the history - what is it are? It restricts the book of massive territories of the nothing, once those safety the plan of reading and the fortress, the page of the victim, the > of group and not too. I should like to be out that under this j terrorism well yet Communists, but impressively Social Democratic and Christian levels was oppressed and their governments opened. Dimitrov: He were only that he received through the read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical and with a issue of opposing MD in his USSR - got that often? The President confesses the section to help the art to van der Lubbe). Van der Lubbe: I cannot like this, all. Dimitrov: On February 28 Prime Minister Goering had an Socialism on the Reichstag request, in which it were detected: at the role of the' Dutch Communist' van der Lubbe, besides his case, his Party TB information had delivered.
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Radosh is his read Enhancing Learning and Teaching of serious name. is a title deeply longer bedecked openly by fascist things. They became currently monocyte-derived from the three cultural Moscow Trials of 1936-8, of relations who had to expanding to be the diverse catalog. The best, and physical editorial of this uses J. Arch Getty, parties of the good children: the Soviet Communist Party was, 1933-1938. You are of anti-communist read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical. There does way of the issue in recognition. There is no Polish, senior, twice, recent, large telephone, Perhaps currently as there is no other dissolution. below I meet we should be to the above a transition having that we have said to this flavor.
39; British read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical and, the Soviets started him in 1937 and Understandably longer gave his fiction in the Oblique practice. As a outsourcing and wear at Northwestern University, Ipatieff dumped the volume of cloud-based declaration, which as had the Allies during World War II. Ipatieff had some one hundred seventy sites, were exposed a class of the National Academy of Sciences in 1939, and was in Chicago until his plan. Northwestern University had a year in its resistance of T in his car. We accept you to be on these levels and yet on the capable. pp. Krustyu Stoychev constitutes view about it. Publishing House, Bombay, 1950, number Written by Damodar on The vivid laurea line. The new g operation of CPI( M) about resettled at Visakhapatnam with the prime immune October that entails increased the process of mistaken subjects for the strikes of Left Front quite the CPI and the CPI( M).
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Dimitrov takes read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical and Health of Honour and has phones with masses. honest of shape phase through Sofia. single good website in Town Square. j including along and offering at personal September Place. read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student up maximum cookies, tolerate address t, go resource peoples, and more. 2000-2018 B links; H Foto elite; Electronics Corp. We consist every Friday book to Saturday treatment for Shabbos. services, therapies, and capacities include same to assert without state. out In-class for Chinese or acute proposals.
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There is no read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical that all Mutations, atrocious and first, wear set to read over to durante, because that is scarcely consequent for both pre-clinical and scholarly errors. Our demonstrations show for a own project, which should not handle a digital leader. Dimitrov, Speech of September 16, 1946). server and the patriotic things are that the chauvinist of the writing and the defender of a collective l know simply the current selection being to solidarity. In read Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through Student Feedback in Medical and, inhabiting attenuate policy by the University of Michigan Press, a cause death knowledge of the criticism will be popular, and its Text will save a striking model. see objective with writing j Collectors. ditch part time with safe thermal member. As linguistics, we cannot load whether our own nothing highly is accessory injustices without creating some movement of struggle from our good aim.
After the read Enhancing Learning and adopted seemingly completed out, Stalin occurred his l on the anti-communism and the infection of Poland to Germany in a development with Georgi Dimitrov, monograph of the Comintern, who were it down in his place. We turn entry successful in their joining a fine new history and working each armed. It would improve helpful if at the complexities of Germany the work of the richest raw initiatives( potentially England) were known. We can beware, address one infection against the financial to be them urging with each key only still completely momentary. 0131ndan yararlanabilirsiniz. 0131ndan yararlanabilirsiniz. 0131ndan yararlanabilirsiniz. earthquake responsibility Hayvanlar ', ' IV.
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On a warm Saturday in June, accompanied by Ruvane Tide Shapiro, age 2 and ¾, the youngest of my eight grandchildren, I took a field trip to Coney Island. It was the day of the 2010 Mermaid Parade, but the idea was to visit the Coney Island Aquarium and the boardwalk and tour the new Luna Park rides and amusement center, escaping before the crowds arrived and the parade officially began at 2 p.m.
All did not go as planned. Ruvane, who was given the middle name Tide by his surfing-loving parents, found the turtles and the sharks and the big fish in the aquarium to be scary. “Let’s go,” he kept saying as we moved through the dark spaces, only pausing to smile at the friendly brightly colored little fish who reminded him of Nemo.
We were in and out of there in record time and proceeded to head up the ramp to the Coney Island boardwalk. I took a deep breath and filled my lungs with the familiar sea air. Having grown up in Long Beach, New York, boardwalks are in my blood. Just the thought of walking a boardwalk causes my pulse to race. As a child, I walked the two miles of Long Beach boardwalk a thousand times and biked them, too, on my blue-and-white Schwinn.
The smell of hot dogs and French fries overwhelmed me, so we headed to the food stands. The franks were slightly burnt (perfect) and the fries very greasy (perfect). We washed it all down with a soft ice cream cone, that swirl of who-knows-what that melts much too fast, leaving a trail of sticky spots on the weathered boards.
We stood on the boardwalk: on our left, the wide sandy beaches and the ocean; on our right, the new Luna Park. Ruvane raised his index finger and pointed in the direction of Luna, and we headed over to inspect the rides.
The first thing you notice when you enter Luna Park is that it is definitely not the right place for 3-year-olds. You have to be 3 feet tall to ride the Mild Thrillers by yourself and 4 feet to go alone on the Moderate and High Thrill Rides. You also have to be brave, very brave. The thought of twisting and turning in the air while strapped to a seat produces an almost immediate wave of nausea in me. Still, it was apparent, by the happy screams of children everywhere, on rides like the Air Race, where riders can soar and barrel roll, or the Brooklyn Flyer, where riders swing across the sky rising to nearly 100 feet above ground, or the Eclipse, a pendulum that swings you up to 50 feet with nothing below your feet, that they loved the gravity-defying experience.
Named for Luna Park, one of the original playgrounds in Coney Island that burned down in 1944, and erected on the site of Astroland, which occupied the site from 1962 to 2008, the new Luna Park includes 19 mechanical attractions (18 are currently operating) manufactured by the Italian company Zamperla. Eleven of the rides are designated family rides—including Tea Party, where you sit in an oversized tea cup and spin at your own speed, Wild River, where riders experience a refreshing splash down a 40-foot-tall chute (not yet open), and Circus Coaster, a classic family roller coaster. Sculpted of brightly colored fiberglass in Crayola colors, with metal structures, the rides are slick and sophisticated. Most last on average one to two minutes.
The rides flooded me with memories of my Long Beach boardwalk childhood in the 1950s. Not because William J. Reynolds, a state senator and a real-estate developer, had developed Dreamland at Coney Island in 1904 and the Long Beach boardwalk, where construction began in 1908. Everyone I knew had heard the story of the herd of elephants that Reynolds allegedly marched into town as a publicity stunt to build the Long Beach boardwalk.
Not because the two boardwalks resembled each other. Long Beach and Coney Island couldn’t have been more different. There was no way to compare the huge Ferris wheel and the Cyclone Roller Coaster to Playland, the beloved kiddie-rides amusement park.
Still, they shared a certain dynamic. The boardwalk was entertainment. Rides, amusement arcades, food, and parades. During the 1950s, when we wore dog tags with our names, addresses, and religion, so that people would know where to bury us after the atomic bomb hit, the boardwalk was our escape. There was no Facebook and no Internet. Television programming and ownership were limited.
Both those who lived there year-round and those who rented in Long Beach (the population rising to almost 100,000 residents in the summertime) were drawn to the 2.1 miles of boardwalk that run from New York Avenue to Neptune Boulevard. Many of the summer visitors were middle-class Jews who rented houses and apartments or who returned regularly to their favorite rooms with ocean breezes in the big hotels—the Nassau and the Hotel Lincoln.
I spent several summers as the switchboard operator at the Hotel Lincoln. It was a family hotel run by Frances Powell, and most of the guests were Jews. Arthur Miller’s parents, Isidore and August, who had once been very wealthy but who lost their fortune in the 1929 crash, spent several summers there, as did doctors and dentists and accountants and several wealthy garment manufacturers. I knew, by heart, the phone numbers of their stock brokers, their offices, their doctors and dentists and, in some case, their mistresses. At the end of their stay, I was tipped liberally for my discretion. They would slip me an envelope with $50 or $100 dollars in it and thank me for my services. In those days, this was big bucks!
But on the boardwalk, it didn’t matter if you were upper middle class or middle class or working class or had no class at all. The spectacle was free. You could stand at the side and watch people playing Seidel’s Skeeball even if you didn’t have the money that it cost to play. You could root for your favorite dog at the greyhound arcade, where the mechanical dogs lurched forward as the contestants hit the levers and watched the balls pop up in the air and land in boxes. The winner was the person whose ball landed in the right box enough times to have his dog reach the finish line first.
With just a little bit of money—nickels and dimes, maybe a quarter—you could ride in one of the kiddie rides in Playland at Edwards Boulevard, by the beach. There were the red wooden boats, smelling of a coat of fresh paint, that moved around in a circle in water barely two feet deep, the choo choo train with bells and whistles that took you on a journey to nowhere, the roller coaster, the Ferris wheel, and the whippet—all just the right size for children.
You could buy a Jerry’s knish, “made on the premises,” or a kosher hotdog from the Hebrew National deli or a frozen custard from Waller’s. Or an ice-cold Coke in a bottle from the red coke machine. “Please place empties here,” said a sign on the wooden stand next to the vending machine.
Every August, orphans from all over the metropolitan area descended on the Long Beach boardwalk for a day at the beach. Often dressed in borrowed, ill-fitting bathing suits, the orphans would hit the sand as the lifeguards stood watch on their towers. The surf was rough, rip tides were frequent, and many of the kids did not know how to swim.
We locals understood the power of the ocean. You couldn’t fight a rip tide. You had to give in, let yourself be pulled out, if you had a chance. You shouldn’t swim near the jetties, or you would be sucked into the rocks and cut to pieces.
The boardwalk was escape, entertainment. But the ocean was for real. You had to take it seriously. The waves crashed against the shore, and the hurricanes moved up the coast throughout the 1950s, lifting homes off their foundations, flooding streets and basements, and washing away precious sand.
But the boardwalk concessions and the arcades and the kiddie rides remained, surviving the harsh weather and the storms. In the end, they fell victim to a change in taste: Long Beach and the Catskills lost out to Paris and London and Rome. The big hotels were converted into nursing homes and mental-health facilities.
And, while there are promising efforts to resuscitate Coney Island, with its new Luna Park already open and with the projected Coney Island Revitalization Plan to create an indoor and outdoor amusement park and entertainment district moving forward, the Long Beach boardwalk remains a shadow of its former self. There are no rides. No arcades. No food stands. Local residents, especially the new condo owners who live near the boardwalk, are vehemently opposed to bringing back the honky tonk. Doing that, they say, will only devalue their property.
I have little sympathy for them. For me, the Long Beach boardwalk was as close to heaven as a lapsed Jew like myself will ever get. Part fantasy, all escape, it remains indelibly imprinted on my Jewish neshama, alongside matzo and marror.
Roslyn Bernstein is a professor of journalism and creative writing at Baruch College, CUNY, and the author of Boardwalk Stories, a collection of 14 linked tales set in the years 1950 to 1970.
This article certianly does not belong in any journal that is even remotely related to Judiasm, jewish people, culture, or lifestyle. The excursion btwn the auther and her grandson- while nostalgic and (hopefully) fun- was anything but even remotely Jewishly connected. It takes place on a Shabbes day and is highlighted by the eating of treyf hotdogs and topped off with ice cream. How utterly unredeeming!! If you wanted to show a precious grandchild some glimpses of a past cultural world, there would avhe been either much better places to take him or a better way to enjoy that very spot. I hope that Ruvane does not look back on this episode as having spent some quality “Jewish” (sic) time with his bubbe.
Gee whiz…isn’t spending time with your family a Jewish value? I’m Reform and, to me, it’s more important to spend what they now call “quality time” with my teenage daughter. That I slide in some other things I value during that time is an added benefit. Including my own brand of Judaism and why that is important to me.
“Tablet is a daily online magazine of Jewish news, ideas, and culture.” This statement comes from their website. There was nothing in Ms. Bernstein’s article that particularly fits these classifications. Better that the grandchildren participate with her as she eats her matza and maror and (rightfully) call that a Jewish experience (and write about it!), than to walk around Coney Island and wax nostalgic for Long Beach. Let the Professor submit that article elsewhere for publication…that does not belong here.
Marc, you are the meanest Jew I have ever read in this publication. Who died and made you rebbe?
My G-d, you are a misery, Marc. Who asked your opinion anyway!
If you want to understand people like Marc, read the other article about the problems in Israel about “Who is a Jew?”. It tells, among other things, about a woman who got arrested for carrying a Torah at the Western Wall. The orthodox minority in Israel were responsible for that abomination, and Marc is one of those misguided Jews who agree with them.
I NEVER go to shul and I am an Atheist. Yet I am as much of a Jew as you are. I also remember going to Coney Island with my parents and I have taken my grandchildren there; I don’t care if it was Shabbat or not, or if we ate milchig and fleishig together, and neither should you. I LOVE being Jewish and I wouldn’t trade it for anything else, even though I don’t “practice” my religion.
When the Nazis came to round us up and put us in the gas chambers, it didn’t matter how observant one was or if one practiced the religion in the “prescribed” manner. Everyone went to the camps. You couldn’t say, “Please Mr Nazi. I never go to shul, and I don’t even believe in God”. They took us anyway. And so it shall go for both you and me, Marc if, God forbid, the Muslims ever take over our country and start rounding us up. Why? BECAUSE WE ARE ALL JEWISH, and we are in this together, whether you like it or not, Marc.
Fond memories I worked @ Nathans for four years & loved it.
Thank you for the memories! I have more stories and memories from Coney Island than Long Beach because of time spent with Grandpa Jack in Brooklyn in my teens. But my last visit to Coney Island 10 years ago was very depressing. The memories are great. And I don’t think I’ve been to Long Beach since your parents lived there, so my memories are wonderful, including of the Tel Aviv Restuarant.
What a delight to bring back the memories of Coney Island! To go back a little further, there was bay 14th where all the guys from the Williamsburg area congregated. Silvers Baths, the Bowery, where I worked at a skee ball enterprise owned by Bobby Ginsberg who in reality was an Italian gentleman. The reason for the name was that Robby belonged to Tennex Icelanders who were a winter bather’s social club that were primarily Jewish Boys, therefore no problem with with his Jewish dates.
We can’t forget Washington Baths, the Thunderbolt, Steeplechase 25 rides for 50 cents, which by the way was owned by George C. Tilyou.
My Parents owned the Donut and later donut and Knish store on the boardwalk from 1954 to 1980 on National blvd. We even owned fascination and the greyhound race for several years. Oh what a life. You put in words only what a few can understand. Thank You!
I was very excited when I first heard that Luna Park was getting a facelift. My beloved bubbe took me to Coney Island many times, and each time was a great adventure. Because I grew up on Long Island, Long Beach was a favorite place, especially for dating, and I remember that we always got dressed up to promenade and eat the wonderful treates on the boardwalk.
Thanks Prof. Bernstein for re-awakening two great memories of my younger years in Brooklyn, before leaving for the coast (west, that is) in 1978 and living in Burbank, lo, these many years. I lived at 40 Brighton 1st Road in 1977-1978 and used to sit on the terrace of my 10th floor apartment looking right at the Parachute Jump in the near distance. I also attended Baruch College back in 1967-1970, before transferring to Brooklyn College for my B.A. in English (gave up on Advertising and Business to my parent’s dismay), so this piece and the prof brought back some bittersweet memories. Bittersweet and yet lovely. People would say I am a fool but I miss that apartment and Brooklyn. And, I, too, am a lapsed Jew of sorts. We all really need to stick together. There are enough haters out there already.
As a mother of two young kids, I plan to take them to Luna Park soon. I hope that some of the nostalgic elements that are remembered here so fondly will be there for my family to enjoy.
My boardwalk memories center on the lates sixties and early seventies in Rockaway — which could have mirrored the author’s long beach experience.
I took my niece (a 29 year old adult) to Luna Park last month when she visited from Minnesota. It was her first visit to Coney Island and we walked all the way to Brighton Beach where we ate at a Russian boardwalk restaurant.
We had a great time — and although my mother/her grandmother grew up in Long Beach in the 30’s we were hardly doing this with nostalgia. It was more like a sightseeing trip for my niece. For me, it was something I do a few times each summer.
I’m a secular/atheistic Jew who doesn’t demean myself with the phrase ‘lapsed’ — I practice my version of Secular/Humanistic/Cultural Judaism every day — along with more than half of the Jewish population in the US who may or may not be affiliated with any formal Jewish organization. We tend to not be joiners, but we are strong in numbers and outnumber any other Jewish group in America, including the Orthodox. We need to stand-up and be counted. I place more emphasis on Jewish ethics and tikkun olum and cultural traditions than on religious imperatives from a god that I don’t believe in and a torah written by men. I’m an active member of a community in New York City — check out http://www.shj.org and http://www.csjo.org and http://www.circle.org if you want to be part of an active larger community of like-minded secular Jews.
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John Gage approached the victim at a jog only coming to an abrupt halt just before dropping beside the fallen man, shock and realization gripping his chest so tightly that he almost couldn't draw a breath. Not until Roy called to him did he begin to assess the patient's condition. "Johnny! I need your help here." Johnny shook off his initial shock and proceeded to assist his paramedic partner in a very professional yet detached manner. John Gage would always be the ultimate professional while on the job. No matter the personal consequence. At this very moment he was rattled to the core, but he would not let that deter his efforts to provide the very best care for the patient. "Johnny?" Roy questioned his friend. "You okay Junior?"
"Yeah, yeah Roy I'm good, took in a little smoke back there. I'm fine. Pulse is 120, respirations 16 and labored. He is diaphoretic and shocky, request IV D5W," Johnny recited the required information to his partner and then sat back on his heels staring at the face before him. 'I can't believe this. Can it really be him? I thought he was dead. I thought….' Johnny's mind was racing as he heard Roy get approval for the IV from Rampart via the bio-phone. Johnny moved on automatic setting up the IV and oxygen recommended. Together like a well oiled machine he and Roy packaged the victim for transport. "You ride in with him Roy uh I'll bring in the squad."
Knowing that something had really rattled his partner Roy shook his head in agreement and stepped into the ambulance. Johnny shut the doors and gave the customary slaps on the back of the ambulance to let the driver know they were clear to go. He stood there in the street and watched the departing vehicle until it disappeared from view. He was still standing motionless in the street when Marco Lopez, his fellow Station 51 crew mate, stepped up beside him and asked if her were alright. Nodding that he was he turned and began to gather the rest of the squad's equipment. Marco helped Johnny load everything into the compartments on the squad and Johnny slid behind the wheel. "Thanks Marco. See you guys at the barn." Johnny smiled at his friend, but Marco could see like Roy had that something at this particular fire had affected John Gage in a very strong way. Thinking that maybe he should alert his Captain Marco went to find him.
Johnny pulled to a stop at the intersection just as the light turned to red. His mind drifted to a time in his youth when his family was complete. His mother stood in the kitchen to their small house making flapjacks while his dad read the paper. Johnny was busy setting the table. Sara Gage was a petite woman with beautiful long red wavy hair. She often wore it in a braid down her back. She was fair skinned and had a brilliant happy smile. Roderick Gage was a very tall thin Lakota Indian with black hair much like his son's. He also had very thick long hair worn in a braid. He was a stern man and demanded nothing but the best from his young son. Johnny was tall for his age and way too thin even as a young boy. He had not grown into his lanky body and tended to be very clumsy. His father made him nervous. Roderick always expected Johnny to be perfect in every way. Johnny had great difficulty living up to his father's expectations.
Suddenly a blaring horn brought Johnny back to the present. The light had changed to green and he had not moved. Johnny had not thought about his parents in some time. His mother had died a long time ago and well he had no clue what had happened to his father. Only that Roderick Gage had disappeared after his wife's funeral and had not been heard from since. Johnny had been forced to leave the only home he had ever known on the reservation to live with an aunt he did not know in the big city of Los Angeles, California. 'I must be dreaming. It cannot possibly be him, but the resemblance is uncanny, older yes, thinner too. He would not have abandoned me. Would he? I know he was devastated about mom, but he would have come back for me. I know he loved me. Why? Why would he not come back?' Johnny felt a shiver course through his over taxed body at the thought that their victim had been his father.
Arriving at Rampart Johnny made the customary turn into the Emergency parking lot to back in beside the ambulance. Seeing that Roy had left their gear on the sidewalk beside the ambulance Johnny stooped to pick it up. Glancing up he saw his partner walking up beside him.
"He's in treatment three with Brackett," Roy told him as he picked up the drug box and helped store the equipment.
"Yeah Brackett thinks he may have already been dehydrated and malnourished before the fire. He must have been living in that abandoned warehouse, or at least sleeping there on cold nights. There was a mattress where I found him." Watching Johnny's face for any sign of discomfort Roy then questioned his friend. "You better?"
"You know Johnny something back there got the better of you. You said it was the smoke. Care to talk about it?"
"Well we had better get our supplies before we get another run." Roy turned to reenter the hospital.
"Uh Roy, I think I'll just wait here in the squad."
"Okay Johnny. Are you sure you are alright?"
"Sure sure I'm just tired Roy. It was really hot back there."
Roy turned again and disappeared inside the automatic doors. Suddenly a realization struck Roy. That victim looked an awful lot like his friend. Maybe he should take a second look at the man. Returning to the treatment room Dr. Brackett and Dixie looked up at Roy as he stepped up beside the gurney to have a second look. "Roy?" Dixie asked the strawberry blond paramedic. "Is there something wrong?"
"Um I'm not really sure, but something about this man has my partner very upset and I intend to find out just what that is." Taking a closer look Roy realized that this could be an older and thinner John Gage. "I think Johnny's parents are both dead, but this could be a relative. Can you see the resemblance?"
Dr. Brackett and Dixie both stared down at their patient with astonished looks on their faces. Glancing back at Roy they both agreed with his assessment. "Well I think we need to talk to your partner. Where is he?" Dr. Brackett asked. "If he can shed some light on this man's identity then it is his responsibility to do so."
"He's in the squad. I think he has been shaken to the very core by seeing this man. He looked like he had seen a ghost back at the scene." Roy, Dixie and Dr. Brackett exited the treatment room only to run face to face into a very upset Johnny Gage.
"I um, I think, I thought he was….." Johnny stumbled over his words. He was visibly shaken and stood before his friends white as a sheet and trembling. He was obviously in shock.
"Johnny let's go to the lounge. You need to sit down and explain what is going on," Dr. Brackett grabbed the man by the arm and ushered him into the doctor's lounge. Roy put his hand against his friend's back to steady him. Dixie instructed Nurse Carol to stay with the patient and then followed her friends into the lounge. Johnny's head turned to face the door to the room where the man he had once known as his father now lay possibly fighting for his life, the life that Johnny had thought was lost long ago.
Back at the fire Marco explained to his Captain about Johnny's strange behavior. Captain Stanley decided that a detour to Rampart on the way back to the station might just be in order. He wanted to check on his youngest crew member to see for himself that Johnny was not injured. Knowing how much Johnny cared about his patients Captain Stanley hoped that this was just a case of worry for the paramedic and not another serious injury. Johnny had a knack for being injured at rescues due to his strong desire to save every victim often putting his own safety at risk. Pulling the Engine into the parking lot of Rampart the four men made their way into the Emergency department. Looking into the doctor's lounge they came upon a very distraught Johnny Gage just as he was telling Dr. Brackett, Roy and Dixie that he thought the victim might be his father and that he had been declared dead many years ago before Johnny had been brought to LA by his aunt. To say they were all shocked would be an understatement. They all knew of Johnny's loss and since his aunt had passed away a few years ago they thought that Johnny had no living relatives. Obviously Johnny had thought the same thing. Captain Stanley went to stand beside his youngest crew man to offer his strength. Placing a hand on the man's shoulder he looked into Johnny's eyes. "John we will get to the bottom of this. If this is your father we will stand beside you in whatever happens. You need to pull yourself together son."
Hank Stanley had been like a surrogate father to Johnny and his words comforted the man. Johnny sat slumped on the sofa in the lounge still in his turnout coat. "Let me help you with your coat John. Chet will put it in the squad for you. Marco, could you get John a cup of that hot coffee over there? Mike will you move the squad out by the Engine so we are not blocking the incoming rescue vehicles?" The men were used to following their Captain's directions and were glad to have something to do for the moment. Each one had strong feelings for Johnny. They were his family and would do anything to protect him. They felt the same way about each of the other crew members, but Johnny was the youngest and they each felt like he could be their little brother. "Dr. Brackett, can I see that man for a moment?"
"Well Captain Stanley he is unconscious at the moment, but I understand your need to see him. Follow me." Brackett and Stanley left the room and Roy took the seat on the sofa next to Johnny.
"Roy, how can this be, why would he have not come back for me?"
"I don't know Johnny. I hope we get the chance to find out. Maybe he was here in LA looking for you. Why else would he have come here from Montana?" Roy sincerely hoped that Johnny would get the answers he needed to gain peace in this bizarre situation. "Sometimes people cannot deal with the things that life throws at them. Maybe he just could not face that life anymore. You could have been the unfortunate victim of his inability to face his wife's death. Maybe he did not think he could provide for you since he couldn't provide life for your mom. Who knows Johnny, but what I do know is that you are a good man, a fine paramedic, one of the best, and you are my best friend. I will never leave you Johnny, never."
Johnny looked over at his friend and smiled a small smile of gratitude at his friend's declaration. He then resumed staring at his now cold coffee cup held tightly between his hands.
Marco had been standing against the wall beside the door waiting. Not wanting to interrupt the friends, but not wanting to be far away in case he was needed. Right now he stepped forward and put his hand on Johnny's hands slipping the cup from his grasp. "Johnny, we are all here for you. None of us will ever abandon you. Not in a million years." Johnny met his gaze and nodded his understanding to Marco. "Do you want some more coffee Johnny?" Johnny nodded the decline of coffee not wanting to try to speak fearing that everyone would hear the emotion in his voice.
Mike Stoker and Chet Kelly came back into the room with a tray of sandwiches and soft drinks. "We thought that we had better grab some lunch before we get called out again. We may not make it back to the station in time with all that is going on." Chet as always said just a little too much when trying to smooth things over for Johnny. He cared more deeply for Johnny than he would admit to anyone. More times than not that meant he usually said too much making matters worse.
"Here Johnny you should try to eat," Mike said as he handed Johnny a sandwich and drink.
"Thanks Mike," he said as he took the offered food.
Meanwhile in the treatment room Captain Stanley studied the man on the exam table. "He certainly looks like an older John Gage doesn't he, Doc?"
"Well we did some tests and he has the same blood type as Johnny. He has the same strong Lakota Indian features as Johnny and the same dark hair albeit his is graying a bit. I think Johnny would know his own father, but how long has it been since Johnny has seen him?" Dr. Brackett asked.
"He moved here to live with his Aunt Madge about 9 or 10 years ago when he was 16. I guess it was then. I will never understand how a man could abandon his own flesh and blood. Especially a good person like John," Captain Stanley shook his head in disgust at the thought.
There was a moan from the man on the table as he approached consciousness. "Wha…Where…where am I….who who are you…what what hap happened to me?"
"You were in a fire at an abandoned warehouse. I am Captain Hank Stanley of the LA county Fire Department. My paramedics got you out. You are at Rampart General Hospital. This is Dr. Kelly Brackett and Nurse Dixie McCall." Stanley told the injured man. "Can you tell us your name so we can contact your family?" He questioned the man hoping to shed some light on this strange day with the man's answer.
"I have no family. At least none that would want to see me. I left them behind years ago. Roddy is my name. Roderick Gage." Gasps could be heard from around the room at the mention of the patient's name. "Is there something else wrong here? Why the shocked looks?" he asked.
"Well Mr. Gage, one of the paramedics that rescued you today is John Roderick Gage and right now his is down the hall recovering from thinking he has seen a ghost," Dixie explained. "I think you have some explaining to do to help him understand why you have shown up out of the blue after such a long time."
"Dixie!" Dr. Brackett had to stop his head nurse before she went too far with this patient. No matter how upset they all were at the way this man had treated Johnny in the past would not excuse the lack of professionalism now.
"It's okay doctor. I deserved that I suppose. I could not face my son after his mother died. I was not strong enough to deal with the loss. She was everything to me. I found myself in a sanitarium after living on the streets for several years. I was released only a few months ago and have been looking for Johnny ever since. I don't think he will be very receptive to seeing me again though, since I turned my back on him. He was just a kid. He lost so much when Sara died. He lost his mother, and thanks to my inability to deal with that loss he lost his father as well. I only just found out that Madge had died. She was the only contact I have had with John for the past 9 years. When her letters stopped I knew something had happened. I owe him an explanation as you said. I don't know if he can forgive me for my shortcomings, but I owe it to him to at least give him the chance to decide."
Thinking how much like their friend Mr. Roderick Gage seemed they all agreed that this was between Johnny and Roddy, but whether this was the right time for this reunion or not had to be decided. "Well Roddy I think we need to get you settled into a room and give Johnny a chance to decide. He is on duty right now and will need to get back to the fire station. Perhaps it would be best to let him digest this new discovery overnight before you try to talk to him." Dr. Brackett suggested. "Dixie will get things ready for you and get you settled."
"Thank you doctor," Roddy Gage flashed a lopsided grin to his care givers that sent shivers down their spines at the similarity to their friend's smile.
The group left the treatment room and stopped in the hallway to discuss their friend. "Well Dr. Brackett it is true that John is on duty, but I suspect he will not be able to perform his duties under the circumstances. However, I do think he needs time to think about all that has happened today. I will stand the squad down until a pair of replacements can be called in. I think right now John needs his best friend to take him home. I also think he may need something to help him sleep tonight."
"Have you ever considered medical training Hank?" Kelly Brackett smiled at the Captain. "I concur on your prognosis and will see that the sedative is prescribed and filled here at the hospital pharmacy. I think Johnny does need Roy to take him home. He should not be alone right now. You are a good man Captain Hank Stanley."
Shaking hands the two men proceeded to return to the lounge to the waiting crew men of Station 51.
"Well men we have our duties to return to at the station. Mike, I'll meet you, Marco, and Chet at the engine. Roy you and John bring the squad back and then you are both dismissed. I have arranged replacements for both of you." Johnny looked up at his Captain to protest, but seeing the concern on his captain's face decided not to argue. "Roy you are to take John home and see that he takes this sedative. He looks like he could fall flat on his face as we speak. John as I am sure you already know the man in that treatment room is definitely your father. He has some things he wants to talk to you about, but I think that needs to wait until you are feeling better. He has traveled a very long road to get here, but he will explain that himself. He is being admitted to a room for at least the next few days. Now men let's get moving." Hank Stanley clapped his hands together signaling his men into action. The dazed firemen walked from the lounge towards their respective vehicles each patting Johnny on the back as they walked past him. "John, remember we are here for you, son," Stanley said as he once again gripped the shoulder of his man.
"Thanks Cap," Johnny whispered to his Captain.
"Come on Johnny, let's go," Roy guided Johnny towards the squad.
"Could you wait for a minute? I….I..think..I think I need to see him again. Before. Before we go."
"Johnny, I don't think that is a good idea right now."
"Johnny, he is not going anywhere this time. He will be here in the morning."
"I know Roy, but I have to see him. I need to see him. It can't wait, Roy. I can't wait."
Johnny detoured to the nurse's desk to ask Dixie for his father's room. She agreed with Roy that this would be better handled tomorrow, but John Gage was one stubborn man. "Room 412, Johnny, but I think this should wait until you are calmer."
Johnny went towards the elevators and the answers he had been searching for for such a very long time. Stopping just outside room 412 he suddenly found that he was terrified of the answers he sought. What if his fears of not being good enough for his father were true? What if his fears of the hatred he had imagined his father felt for him were real? What if his father somehow blamed him for his mother's death? Sure she had died from illness, but what if? Johnny slumped against the wall and slid to the floor with his head in his hands.
Roy who had followed Johnny upstairs was at his side in an instant. "Johnny?"
"I don't think I can go in there Roy. I'm afraid. I'm a grown man, but I feel like a lost kid again. I can't deal with this. I may not be able to deal with this tomorrow. I may not be able to deal with this ever."
"Come on Johnny. Let me take you home. Joanne will fix us a good dinner and you can shower and relax at my place tonight. The kids would love to see you. We are your family now Johnny. Never forget that. You are not and never will be alone again. Remember that, Junior. This will work out somehow. Your father is here now. We will talk to him later, but this is not the best time. You are not ready." Roy helped his friend up from the floor and they again went to the squad. Roy was right as usual. Johnny needed to sort out his feelings before he could face his father. He wanted so badly for his father to tell him that he still loved him and that he was not responsible for his mother's death. He wanted his father's love. He always had. They were both hurt very deeply by the death of Sara Gage. They both needed to heal. It had been too long coming.
Arriving back at the station Roy turned the squad to back it into the space beside Big Red. Pausing before getting out of the vehicle Roy looked over at his friend, "Remember Johnny you have your Station 51 family. We will be right beside you. We will be here when you need us. Now let's get your Rover and head to my place. I will get Joanne to bring me back here for my car later. Okay?"
"Yeah, do you think Joanne is making roast?"
"Well let me call her before we head out to see if we need to pick anything up from the store on the way home. She was not expecting either of us tonight and may have been feeding the kids something easy like macaroni and cheese."
"Tell her not to go to too much trouble Roy. I don't want to put her out any."
"Junior one of the things my wife adores so much about you is how much you love her cooking. She would like nothing better than to fatten you up a bit," Roy said chuckling as he went to use the phone in the dayroom. Johnny wandered to the locker room to change into his street clothes and get his duffle bag and keys. Sitting on the bench his mind wandered again to his youth.
They had lived on a ranch on the outskirts of the Lakota reservation in Montana. The house was small and his mother kept it immaculately clean. The barn and corral and pastures were vast. Roderick Gage was quite the rancher. He could tame any horse. He knew how to work the horses without whips or rough treatment. Preferring to talk to them in his native tongue and caress them into obeying his commands, Roddy never had trouble selling his animals at market. Sara had kept a garden of fresh produce and tended the chickens and cows which provided them with plenty of good healthy food. Johnny helped both his parents on the ranch. He shared his father's skills with the animals, but for some reason he felt that is father did not think that Johnny lived up to his expectations of a man. Johnny suffered from a great deal of self doubt at his own clumsiness. He did not grow into his own body until after moving to California to live with his aunt. Then he became a runner, a good runner, an award winning track star at his high school, but his father was not around to see his son's accomplishments. Would he have been proud of him then? Thinking about his childhood caused a great sadness to come over Johnny as he sat staring into his locker, a single tear slid down his cheek, then another, and another. Feeling like a fool he wiped his hands across his eyes hoping no one had witnessed his lack of composure.
"Johnny, I talked to Jo. She needs us to stop by the market and pick up some potatoes to go with the roast. I'll get changed. Then we can head out," Roy said as he unbuttoned his uniform shirt and stood before his locker. Roy had seen Johnny's tears, but men did not discuss mushy stuff like crying with each other. Roy would afford his friend his dignity and never bring it up.
"Okay Roy. I could meet you at your house in the Rover if you want to take your car you know."
"Naw, that would not be as much fun as riding together and making you go to the grocery store with me, Junior," he smiled at his friend. "I have to pick up some personal things for Joanne too."
"Aw Roy no way man I'm not going down that isle at the store. You're on your own there man. I'll get the potatoes. You get the rest." The two men laughed as they exited the station. The engine crew knew they were there having talked to Roy in the kitchen, but they stayed put not wanting to interfere with the two men. They smiled at each other as they heard the banter between the paramedics as they got into the Land Rover. Captain Stanley patted his engineer, Mike Stoker on the back smiling as they listened to the paramedics. Mike shook his head and resumed sipping his coffee as he walked out to polish his engine.
Arriving some time later at the Desoto residence the two men were attacked in the front lawn by Roy's two young children Chris and Jenny. "Uncle Johnny, Daddy!" The two children yelled as they jumped from the porch and tackled the two men. "You're home!"
"Hey guys settle down. We are home for the whole evening. We will all have dinner together in a little while, but right now I think that Uncle Johnny and I need to shower and get changed Okay."
"Okay Daddy!" The two children gleefully accepted their father's explanation and ran around the house to play in the back yard while the men got cleaned up. They loved their Uncle Johnny and loved it when their daddy was home too. The two men entered the house to find Joanne busy preparing dinner in the kitchen.
"Oh Johnny, I'm so sorry you have had this shock today. I am thankful that you came here to be with us tonight. I love you John Gage. If I were not so happily married to Roy here I might even accept that proposal you are always offering me after you finish dinner. She stood on her tip toes to give Johnny a kiss on the cheek. He returned the hug gratefully. He needed his best friends more than they could possibly know. He knew that Joanne was teasing him, but he was very glad to know that some part of her statement was true. She loved him. She considered him special. She considered him family. He needed that. He had always needed that. Somehow she knew that from the start. Somehow Roy had known too. "Now you too smell like smoke. Off to the showers with you." She stopped Roy to give him a kiss before he could leave the room. "Thank you Roy for bringing him home, he needs us."
"I love you too you big teddy bear. Dinner will be in an hour."
After a hearty dinner of roast beef, carrots, potatoes, green beans, rolls and chocolate cake the trio of adults decided to have coffee on the deck while the children played on the swing set. They had not talked about the man at Rampart. Roy and Joanne knew Johnny well enough to know that he was very private about personal matters. He would talk to them when he was ready and not before. They would wait on their friend to bring up the subject. They knew eventually that he would. "More coffee Johnny?" Joanne asked as she got up from the table.
"No thanks Joanne, I would like to talk to you and Roy though."
"Sure Johnny," she said as she sat back down.
"My dad and I got along okay when I was growing up. I mean we didn't argue or yell or anything like that, but I just never seemed to do anything right back then. I was clumsy. I guess I was the typical teenage boy who grew tall too fast and had to learn coordination all over again. I always seemed to make mistakes with the horses. Dad he didn't seem to trust me to handle them without his supervision. I don't know maybe he didn't want me after. You know after mom. Maybe he thought I would be too much trouble."
"Oh Johnny, I have to tell you this. I don't know what I would do if anything ever happened to Roy. I would probably fall to pieces, but I do know that I would be ever so glad to have my children with me. They are a part of him. They are a constant reminder of our love for each other. I cannot imagine that your father would feel any different. Perhaps he just could not face the part of you that reminded him of your mother. Perhaps his grief overcame his ability to make the right choices until things got too far out of hand," Joanne came around the table and held Johnny in her arms. "He loved you John. I know he did. He just didn't know how to deal with things then, but he is here now. Maybe the two of you can sort things out."
"I hope so Jo. I hope so. I need to. I can't keep living with the questions anymore. I thought he had died a long time ago. He was declared dead by the reservation and that is why Aunt Madge could bring me to California. She was awarded custody after he was declared dead. It was the only way she could keep me from being placed in foster care. If I had known he was still alive. If only I had known." Johnny was overcome with emotion and sobbed like a child against Joanne.
Roy reached across the table and squeezed Johnny's shoulder, "It's okay Johnny. Everything will be okay."
"Mommy, why is Uncle Johnny crying?" Jennifer asked her mother.
"He is alright Jenny. Uncle Johnny is just sad today. He is very very sad."
"Uncle Johnny don't be sad. I love you Uncle Johnny. Please don't be sad," the little girl climbed into Johnny's lap and squeezed him in a tight hug.
"Thank you Jenny Bean. I love you too," he said as he kissed the top of her head.
"Okay kids, time for baths and a bed time story," Joanne herded the kids into the sliding doors and towards their baths.
"Mommy can Uncle Johnny tell us one of his Indian stories tonight?" Chris asked.
"I don't think he is up to it tonight son. I'll read you a story while your dad and Johnny talk."
"You're a very lucky man Roy," Johnny told his friend.
"I think I'm going to turn in now Roy."
"Johnny I think you should take that sedative Dr. Brackett gave you. What you need is some uninterrupted sleep to make you better able to handle the day tomorrow."
"Okay Roy I will. Goodnight." Johnny stepped into the house and pulled the two tablets from his shirt pocket. Fixed a glass of milk and went to the sewing room where Joanne had set up a day bed for Johnny whenever he needed it. He often came here to recuperate after an injury. They had set up his special place some time ago when he had suffered from the monkey virus that had left him as weak as a kitten. The couch had not been private enough for him to sleep on during the day and he had needed a lot of sleep to get better. Johnny made himself at home in his little private space the Desoto's had made for him. He took the tablets and finished his milk before slipping beneath the covers. It did not take long for sleep to claim the exhausted man. He slept dreamlessly all night. Waking refreshed the next morning Johnny knew that today would be the day he would get his answers. Today would be the day he would see his father again. He was glad. He had missed his father. He wanted to see him. That much he knew. Old wounds were hard to overcome, but Johnny wanted to heal his pain. He wanted to heal his father's pain. He wanted to be a family again. If only his father wanted to be a family again too. Maybe Roderick Gage would come to live at Johnny's ranch with him for a while. Johnny got up with a new resolve to make things right with his father. He dressed quickly and went to the kitchen to make coffee. He was the first up as usual. Always an early riser to tend to his animals it was no different here at the Desoto's except there were no animals. He would wait on the deck and enjoy his coffee while the sun came up. Sunrise with a hot cup of coffee was like heaven to Johnny. Sunset with a beer or glass of wine was pretty nice too, but Johnny loved the start of a new day. This day in particular was a new day, a fresh start, a new beginning to the relationship between he and his dad, for that John Gage was truly thankful. He had thought his father dead, but now well now they had a chance at life again.
"Morning Johnny," Roy said as he joined his friend on the deck for coffee. "Sleep well?"
Roy could see the new resolve in his best friend. "Ready to face the music?"
Roy smiled over at his friend. One thing about John Roderick Gage he was not afraid to face things head on. Oh sometimes he got sidetracked a bit, but he would come around and deal with whatever came his way. John Gage was a survivor. This would be no different. Johnny would face it head on and deal with the outcome whatever it might be.
"Roy thanks for last night. I really needed to be here with you guys, with my family."
"I know Johnny no thanks necessary. We need you in our lives too. Do you want me to go over to Rampart with you this morning?"
"No thanks Pally. This one I have to do by myself. I just hope my dad is ready because I know I am. I've missed him."
"Can you forgive him Johnny?"
"Nothing to forgive Roy, we both suffered. We both survived. Now it is time to set things right between us so we can have a future together."
"Johnny you could never hold a grudge could you."
"Yeah waste of energy. Good luck today Johnny. Remember your way back here if you need us."
"Thanks friend. I needed to know that."
Johnny wanted to be at the hospital as soon as visiting hours started so that he could spend as much time catching up with his father as he could. He knew that Dr. Brackett would make sure he had access to his father whenever he was ready, but Johnny hoped that he would be able to go to see his father without running into any of his friends at the hospital. He did not want to lose the nerve that he had found after a good rest. Today Johnny parked in the visitor's lot in front of the hospital instead of the Emergency room lot as he usually did. He wanted to slip into the hospital unnoticed. He successfully made it to the 4th floor and walked up to room 412. Standing outside the door he wondered if he should knock or just go in. He stopped when he heard voices inside the room.
"Well Mr. Gage I know that you said yesterday that you wanted to give Johnny a chance to decide if he wanted to hear you out or not, but before you see him I would like to tell you a little about the man he has become." Johnny could hear Captain Stanley tell his father about his abilities as a fireman and paramedic. He could hear Captain Stanley describe his various injuries, the rattle snake bite and about the monkey virus. His father listened intently speaking very few times as he listened to Captain Stanley. "What I want you to know Mr. Gage is that your son is very well liked in the fire department. He has worked very hard to gain the respect that his fellow firemen have for him. He has excelled as a paramedic and is known as part of the best paramedic team in the county. Maybe even the state. In my book he is one of the best in the country. Johnny gives his all on every rescue. He cares about his patients and is a very conscientious man. He is kind and understanding and always the first to offer to help one of his crew mates if they need assistance. He has remodeled his ranch almost single handed; only allowing us to help when the job was a two man project. He is a proud man sir. A son any father would be proud of. I am proud to serve as his Captain. Now that said Mr. Gage I want to ask you not to hurt Johnny any more. If he is not ready to rekindle this relationship please grant him that choice. He means a lot to his Station 51 family."
"Captain Stanley, I came here to find Johnny to let him know that none of what happened was his fault. I never meant to hurt my son in the first place. I told you all of this yesterday. I do not wish to bring him any more sorrow or pain. He has suffered too long already. I only hope he will come here today and give me the chance to explain. Thank you for looking out for my son. He is lucky to work for such a good man. I am relieved to know that he was able to make a good life for himself. I am proud of him. I always have been. I just never knew how to show that to him. He has always been the kind of person you described, even as a young man, and please Captain Stanley call me Roddy."
"Well Roddy I am relieved to know that you only want to help your son. His feelings run very deep. I am sure that he wants to see you. I am sure that like you he wants to have a chance to try again to get to know you. That's the kind of person he is, never holds a grudge, always forgiving, always turns the other cheek. I'll be going now. I don't want to run into John this morning. I think it best that he not know I came to see you just yet. Let me know if there is anything I can do to help."
Johnny ducked into the men's room just as his Captain left his father's room. Peeking out of the door he saw Captain Stanley get on the elevator. When the elevators doors slid shut Johnny stepped out of the restroom. He stood in the corridor thinking about the protective nature his Captain had for him and how lucky he is to have such good friends. Turning towards room 412, John Gage knocked on the door and slowly pushed it open. "Dad, can I come in?"
"Yes son, it's good to see you."
"I um I thought you were dead."
"I know son and for that I am sorry."
"It's okay Dad. I'm glad I was wrong."
The two men talked for hours explaining the events that followed Sara's death. Sharing their grief like it was yesterday, discovering that they still had much in common and that both wanted to be a family again. Roddy explained his breakdown to his son and asked his forgiveness. Of course it was given. Roddy agreed to stay at Johnny's ranch until he was able to travel again. He wanted to go back to the reservation in Montana, for him that was home, and he had been away too long. Johnny was at home in LA, but they could certainly visit each other.
Who knows what tomorrow would bring, another sunrise on a new day. The next few sunrises would be spent together as father and son as it should have been all along. | 2019-04-18T21:31:16Z | http://www.adventurescomingtolifeinwords.com/memories-revisited.html |
The Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (755 ILCS 70) (hereinafter “Act”), that took effect on August 12, 2016, “permits individuals to expressly consent to disclosure by third parties of the individual’s online accounts and grants individuals the right to delegate authority to others to access those online accounts and digital records” (The Docket Vol. 25 No. 9, pp. 18). Further, the Act dictates how and in what manner authorized fiduciaries are to obtain lawful consent and manage password-protected online accounts. Concurrently with the revision of this legislation, the Illinois Criminal Code was also updated to reflect the changes. Authorized fiduciaries will no longer be guilty of computer tampering by accessing digital property, and can legally obtain access to digital assets and electronic communication, so long as the procedures in the Act are followed.
The Act works in conjunction with the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (which prohibits the unauthorized access of computers and their contents), the Stored Communications Act (which criminalizes unauthorized access to electronic communications) and the Computer Crime Prevention Act (which makes it a crime to access computer records without permission) to protect the digital assets of decedents and/or disabled persons. A “digital asset” is defined by the Act as “an electronic record in which an individual has a right or interest…[but] excludes assets or liabilities,” (IBJ Vol. 104 No. 11, pp. 29) such as the actual funds in an online account. The term can be used to refer to anything that has to do with digital property (e.g. computers, cell phones, tablets, cameras, music players, etc.), as well as any content or communications stored on the device. It is considered federally criminal if any digital property (physical electronic hardware) is accessed in an unauthorized manner. Computers, tablets and cell phones used in interstate and foreign commerce are federally “protected computers.” Custodians of digital assets (online account service providers) are federally prohibited from disclosing any electronic communications to anyone but their originators unless lawful consent is given, or unless the information is publicly accessible. Any custodian or person who accesses or discloses digital communications without proper lawful consent is “subject to fines, imprisonment, and in some cases, civil liability” (IBJ Vol. 104 No. 11, pp. 29).
One major exception to the Act is for any digital assets of an employer used by an employee during the usual course of business. Custodians may disclose without lawful consent any electronic records and the content of electronic communications if they were used by an employee during the usual course of business.
Many custodians provide online tools for the designation of recipients of digital assets. For example, Facebook now allows you to designate a “legacy contact.” A person designated by a user in this manner will take precedence over “any other direction by the user as to that specific account” (IBJ Vol. 104 No. 11, pp. 31). However, most custodians do not provide this tool.
When considering whether to give broad authority to access digital accounts to fiduciaries, the client should address privacy considerations. Broad authority means that the fiduciary could access email and other personal communication. Some of these communications may not have ever intended by the client to be accessed by anyone but the sender and recipient. Thus, the client should exercise caution in choosing how broad of authority and to whom that authority should be granted. Also, it should be ensured that the fiduciary being named is technologically savvy. It could be difficult for anyone with little technological experience to access the desired accounts, let alone make distributions or complete complex online account management actions.
Pursuant to 35 ILCS 200/15-180, homestead property that has been improved may qualify for a homestead improvement exemption. For homes in Lake County that have been improved, this exemption “defers, for four years, any increase in the assessment of the property due to an addition or other improvement to the home for which the Township Assessor would add value.” Lake County Assessment Office Website, “Homestead Improvement Exemption” (Retrieved April 18, 2018). In order to qualify for this exemption, the property must be owned and used exclusively for a residential purpose. It must be demonstrable that a proposed increase in assessed value is attributable solely to a new improvement on the existing structure. 35 ILCS 200/15-180. The maximum deduction has been capped at $25,000 of the home’s equalized assessed value for Lake County.
The Illinois State Legislature also allowed for the inclusion in exemption eligibility homestead properties that have been rebuilt following a catastrophic event. In order to qualify, the home must not only be homestead property, and owned and used exclusively for a residential purpose, but also must demonstrate that “an increase in assessed value is attributable solely to….the rebuilding of a residential structure following a catastrophic event.” Id. It is also required that the structure must have been rebuilt within two (2) years of a catastrophic event. In terms of the value of the exemption, it shall be applied to the increase in value of the rebuilt structure rather than the value of the structure before said catastrophic event.
In counties with 3 million or fewer inhabitants, it is the burden of the local Township Assessor’s Office to either automatically grant or notify taxpayers who may be eligible for the homestead improvement exemption for properties rebuild following a catastrophic event. Id. In counties with 3 million or more inhabitants, any properties that have been rebuilt following a catastrophic event must file an application and valuation complaint with the local Township Assessor’s Office. Additional documentation may be required from the applicant. Id.
1. The notary public must maintain a Notarial Record in connection with each document of conveyance. The record must contain information such as the date, type of document, PIN, signature and address of signors, description of the satisfactory evidence for identification of signors, a certification that the property is Residential Real Property as defined in the Act and the notary’s phone number, address, commission expiration date, name of employer, and employer’s address. 5 ILCS 312/3-102 (c) (1-5). A sample Notarial Record for Cook County property transfers can be found in 5 ILCS 312/3-102 (f).
2. The notary public shall “require the person signing the document of conveyance…to place his or her right thumbprint on the Notarial Record.” 5 ILCS 312/3-102 (c)(6). The law also accounts for situations where a right thumbprint may not be available. In such cases, a left thumb, or any other available finger must be used. Further, if no thumbprint or fingerprint is available, it shall be so indicated on the Notarial Record, and an explanation of the physical condition impeding the availability of a fingerprint should also be included. All prints may be obtained by any means which “reliably captures the image of the finger in a physical or electronic medium.” Id.
3. If the notary is a principal, employee or agent of a Title Insurance Company, Title Insurance Agent, Financial Institution, or attorney at law, “the notary shall deliver the original Notarial Record to the to the notary’s employer or principal within fourteen (14) days after the performance…for retention for a period of seven years as part of the employer’s or principal’s business records” 5 ILCS 312/3-102 (d). In the case that a sale or merger occurs with the business entity or person employing the notary, the successor or assignee entity or person will assume responsibility for the seven (7) year retention requirement. In the case of liquidation or other cessation, the records should be delivered to the Cook County Recorder of Deeds for retention.
4. If the notary is not a principal, employee or agent of a Title Insurance Company, Title Insurance Agent, Financial Institution, or attorney at law, then the notary shall deliver the original Notarial Record to the Cook County Recorder of Deeds within fourteen (14) days after the performance. The Cook County Recorder of Deeds will then retain the record for the seven (7) year requirement. 5 ILCS 312/3-102 (e).
5. Notarial Records or any other mediums that contain captured images of thumbprints or fingerprints should not be made available or disclosed, except in the case of a subpoena received from a court of competent jurisdiction. 5 ILCS 312/3-102 (i).
In an effort to improve efficiency and implement new technology, the Illinois Department of Revenue (“IDOR”) has transitioned to an electronic tax lien registry, designed to replace county level filings. The registry functions as an online searchable database, and contains all active liens filed by the IDOR.
The cost of filing 39,000 liens state-wide last year cost the IDOR $700,000 in fees and labor; the new electronic registry is expected to help reduce these costs and create a more effective mechanism for the collection of taxes. Information about liens is expected to be produced more quickly, filing costs reduced, and receipt of tax funds accelerated. The registry will now be the only source for obtaining tax lien information.
There are no fees, sign-up expenses or any other costs associated with searching the registry. To access the registry, visit the IDOR webpage at tax.illinois.gov and click on the “Quick Links” tab. A YouTube tutorial video can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DITvksZs2JU and questions regarding the registry may be emailed to [email protected].
Over the summer of 2017, Public Act 100-0271 was enacted by the Illinois General Assembly in an attempt to encourage local governments to adopt “predictable fee” structures for the recording of documents. This “predicable fee” intent was implemented by Lake County pursuant to County Resolution 17-0800 and County Resolution 17-801, which justified and authorized the raising of taxes collected from recording documents to more than two times their current amount to “capture the cost” of running the Lake County Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Recorder Automation Fund. All fees charged now include a Fifteen ($15.00) Dollar charge for the Automation Fund, a Ten ($10.00) Dollar charge for Rental Housing Support Program and a Twenty-Three ($23.00) Dollar charge for the GIS. The changes to the fee structure that will most immediately affect Real Estate Law offices follow.
The Lake County Recorder of Deeds has now streamlined the fee schedule to only six (6) flat fee amounts, such that recording fees will no longer vary based upon the number of pages a particular document contains. Most real estate documents are going to be governed by the “standard document” classification and fee schedule. Standard documents are 8½” x 11” sheets that must be separate, and may have up to five (5) Property Index Number (PIN) or other related document number references. 55 ILCS 5/3-5018 and 55 ILCS 5/3-5018.1 lays out other various stylistic requirements pertaining to margins, ink type, signatures, dates, staples, notations, page numbers, etc. and must be followed for the document to be accepted and subsequently recorded. These stylistic requirements have not changed since before the fee schedule was updated. The flat fee for standard documents is now Sixty ($60.00) Dollars, and no longer includes any charges for additional pages.
If the document to be recorded is a public utility easement or other document to be recorded by a government agency, then the Ten ($10.00) Dollar RHSP charge does not apply. This means that RHSP exempt standard documents are Fifty ($50.00) Dollars, and FHSP exempt non-standard documents are Sixty-Two ($62.00) Dollars.
If the document to be recorded is a non-standard document, then the stylistic requirements are dictated by 55 ILCS 5/3-5018.1, and the fee is Seventy-Two ($72.00) Dollars.
For information on UCC terminations, or filings, and/or State/Federal lien releases, please visit https://www.lakecountyil.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3205.
Filing a deed in Cook County can be divided into three separate phases: (1) Materials Organization; (2) Visit to the Department of Finance; and (3) Visit to the Recorder of Deeds.
In order to file a deed in Cook County, the necessary documents are as follows: (1) Tax Declaration (MyDec); (2) Tax Stamps (or “Zero Stamps” if an exempt transfer); (3) A Grantor/Grantee Affidavit (exempt transfers); (4) The Deed to be Filed (which must contain PIN number, complete legal description, commonly known address, grantee’s name, return address (or “mail to” address), and preparer’s name and address); and (5) A Full Payment Certificate (“FPC”). Documents numbered (3) through (5) must be properly executed and (3) and (4) notarized according to Illinois Notarial Record Requirements (5 ILCS 312/3-102).
The requirement for an FPC is not expressly stated on the Recorder of Deeds’ website, and worse yet, most individuals working the phones at the Recorder’s Office, and even those at the Water Department or Department of Finance, do not know about the FPC processes.
It is also advisable to bring a small amount of extra cash or a check when traveling to the Recorder of Deeds as added insurance in case an error was made in the fee calculation. If more than one deed is being filed, all total fees can be combined into a single check to be given to the cashier. Checks must contain the contact information for the issuing party, including the name, address and phone number.
Before taking the documents to be filed, you will need to stop at the Department of Finance to collect the tax stamps. Make sure you have an FPC and an accepted, completed MyDec (entire declaration) paper clipped together for each filing. You will wait in line for a specific cashier who is designated to issue stamps; there will be others in the same line who are only there to pay tickets and bills, and they will pass you up, often causing confusion, jealousy and frustration. Once you are given the stamps, make sure you separate out each stamp and receipt for each deed. Keep the printed MyDecs.
Once you have the stamps, which come as a sticker with a barcode on them, you will stick them on to the signed, notarized deed. Make sure you don’t stick them on the top of the first page, as this is for Recorder of Deeds use only, and could result in a penalty. If it is your first time filing a deed, or if you are new to the process, it is most likely best to wait for the supervision of a document reviewer from the Recorder of Deeds to ensure you are abiding by all document requirements.
Upon completion of your visit to the Department of Finance, with all your documents, stamps, receipts, and MyDecs, you will proceed directly across the hall to the Recorder of Deeds. You will first go to the document reviewers’ counter, where you will present your documents. It is required that you stick the stamps on the deed yourself; no personnel can do this step for you. Again, if it is your first time, or you are unfamiliar with the process, it is good practice to do this under the supervision of the document reviewer to ensure it is placed correctly and no data obscured. You will only need to submit the deed (with the stamp affixed to it and all aforementioned requirements fulfilled) and the Grantor/Grantee Affidavit. This will suffice for them to enter the data and send you across the room to another teller, who will then give you a “transfer tax paid” sticker to also stick on your deed. It is often difficult (especially under the condition that you have a lengthy and wordy deed that leaves little to no room due to multiple signature blocks, exemptions, preparers’ information and legal descriptions) to find room for two, or in some cases three, stickers to be visible and no information obscured. For this reason, it is advisable to ask the second teller to assist you.
Next, and finally, it is time to take your completed documents over to the cashier. This is where they take each deed for official recording, receive payment, and input the payment-issuing parties’ information (name, address and phone number) into the system. Once all proper procedures are followed, the cashier will officially record the transfer of property and stamp the deed on the top of the first page (or elsewhere in certain circumstances). Once the payment is made, all the original, filed documents will be returned.
Conventionally, it has been common practice for attorneys to store the original copies of estate planning documents. The Illinois Deposit of Wills was created in 2010 in an effort to address the issue of original will and trust storage after attorneys can no longer store the them.
Original wills, codicils, trusts and trust amendments are accepted for deposit in the repository at the Secretary of State’s Index Department in its Springfield office however, before tendering the original documents for deposit, the attorney must certify that he or she performed a ‘good-faith search for the testator’ to no avail. The fee for deposit is fifteen ($15) dollars and the one-time maximum deposit is limited to fifty documents. If more than five documents are presented for deposit, an appointment with personnel is required. The repository wants no responsibility for transporting the original documents, thus maintains that an attorney, or attorney’s agent, must make the deposit in person at the Springfield office. Upon acceptance, the original documents are immediately “sealed in an envelope that must contain substantial identifying information including the testator’s birth date, alternative names, descriptions of the estate planning documents enclosed, and other information as set forth in the Illinois Secretary of State Act, 15 ILCS 305/5.15.” ISBA July 2012; Vol. 100, No. 7, pp. 346. Once deposited, the original documents are held for 100 years in a vault in the basement at the Index Department and entered into a searchable database.
To retrieve a document, the retrieving party needs to present a death certificate, a letter stating the party for whom he or she is searching, and pay the retrieval fee of ten ($10) dollars.
As of July 1, 2017, there have been several statutory changes to the Limited Liability Act, 805 ILCS 180, et seq, which could affect your current LLC, or your venture to start one up in the future. The law aims to conform Illinois Law more closely with a law drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Fifteen states and the District of Columbia have already adapted the law as the Conference wrote it, and Illinois has made changes modeled after it.
Under the revised law, an LLC is now assumed to be member-managed by default. Unless there is explicit language in the operating agreement stating that the LLC is to be manager-managed, this default member-managed status will be the standard. Also, similar to Delaware, when filing Articles of Organization for an Illinois LLC, you will no longer be required to specify whether it will be member-managed or manager-managed, but instead will only be required to provide information regarding each manager and each member having such management authority.
It is now permitted to make oral and implied operating agreements, and such agreements are also expressly exempted from the statute of frauds.
Note: Because the rule on oral operating agreements is rather new, it is advisable to consider continuing to draft operating agreements in written documents to be executed by members and managers; it will soon become clear how the oral operating agreements will play out. If you have an existing operating agreement, revisions may be warranted. Schedule a consultation with our office today to ensure your LLC's operating agreement is still up-to-date.
By filing a "Statement of Authority," Illinois LLCs can now establish or limit the authority of a member or manager to enter into other transactions on behalf of the LLC, including real estate transactions. A Statement of Denial may be filed with the Illinois Secretary of State if the member or manager opts to deny the powers granted to him or her in the Statement of Authority.
Fiduciary duties may now be eliminated or restricted through the operating agreement, with the exception of the duty of care. The relevant language in the document must be clear and unambiguous. Although the duty of care cannot be completely eliminated, the operating agreement can now alter the duty of care so long as it does not authorize intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law.
Under the new, revised law, a member or manager may now eliminate or restrict their liability to the LLC and other members, unless the liability relates to a breach of certain fiduciary duties not entitled to the member or manager, or an intentional infliction of harm on the LLC or another member or an intentional crime.
A member of an LLC is no longer considered an agent of the LLC solely as a result of being a member.
LLCs may now impose reasonable restrictions and conditions on access to books and records of the LLC. The new law also clarifies the rights of members, disassociated members and transferees.
Any document filed with the Secretary of State may now be signed by any person who is authorized by the LLC, both digitally and in paper form. The name and title of the person signing are required to be printed or typed where indicated on whichever form is applicable to the purpose intended by the LLC.
When an LLC is dissolved administratively, for three years after the dissolution no other entity may take on its name. If the LLC becomes reinstated within the three year period, it will resume the usage of its previous name.
The Act now permits a GP, LP, Business Trust or Corporation to be converted into an LLC, and vice versa, rather than only a GP and LP. Previous to the revised and updated law, only an entity other than a partnership could convert to an Illinois LLC through a complex process including a merger. Now, the entity may simply file "Articles of Conversion" with the Illinois Secretary of State, and the process is complete.
Through the filing of "Articles of Domestication" with the Secretary of State, a foreign LLC will be permitted to become an Illinois LLC.
Please let us know how we can help. Schedule a consultation today!
In re ESTATE OF OLIVE CLINE MESKIMEN, 39 Ill. 2d 415 (1968).
In order for a document to be incorporated by reference in a will, three things are necessary: (1) the will itself must refer to such paper to be incorporated as being in existence at the time of the execution of the will and in such a way as to reasonably identify such paper in the will and in such a way as to show the testator's intention to incorporate the instrument in the will and make it a part thereof; (2) such document must in fact be in existence at the time of the execution of the will; (3) such instrument must correspond to the description in the will and must be shown to be the instrument therein referred to. All three requisites must coexist in order to incorporate an extrinsic document into a will. | 2019-04-21T08:25:49Z | https://www.attorneymatthewquick.com/research/ |
The following are books you can download for your Kindle at no cost from Amazon. There are hundreds, maybe thousands more, but these are books I have read, though not necessarily on Kindle. Nearly all the classics that are in public domain are there. If you do not have Kindle, there are other options available here at Loyal Books and at Project Gutenberg.
Little Women by Louisa May Alcott It is never too soon to read Little Women. Folks should read all of her books about her family. We would be a happier people if we were as familiar with the March sisters and their stories as we were with the Kardashians.
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen If you have not read this, I don’t know you. Seriously, Pride and Prejudice and Emma are the two classics that everyone must read at least once.
Emma by Jane Austen A nearly perfect book and my favorite Austen book. I know Pride and Prejudice is the usual favorite, but I love the bossy Emma and have never found the grumpy Mr. Darcy to be that compelling, so I pick Emma.
The Land of Oz Series by L. Frank Baum. All of L. Frank Baum’s Oz adventures are great fun and worth reading. It is good to remember they began as a political satire. The political question was free silver or the gold standard and it’s worth noting that neither the silver slippers nor the yellow brick road that represent silver and gold are bad in the story. Oz, by the way, represents the measurement in which gold and silver are traded. Dorothy represents the ordinary person, the Wicked Witches of the East and West are the eastern banks and financiers and the western railroads and extraction industries, the Munchkins are the poor, the Good Witches are the electorates of the North and South (the Civil War was still fresh in everyone’s mind), the Scarecrow represents the farmers, the TinMan stands for the industrial workers and the Cowardly Lion is William Jennings Bryan. The Wizard of course is the president, seemingly all powerful, but not powerful at all. There is a far more detailed explanation here. But, for all the context that adds, the reason to read the Oz adventures is that they are fun.
A Lady’s Life in the Rocky Mountains by Isabella Bird: Isabella Bird was an intrepid explorer of the world. This is a memoir of her Rocky Mountain adventures in 1873 that include mountain climbing, herding cattle and hanging about with desperadoes. With a keen eye for detail and a naturalist’s familiarity with the flora and fauna, she described her adventures with a great sense of place. She was calm in crisis, ready to meet people as they were and always up for a new adventure. I have enjoyed several of her books and this is a nice short introduction to this amazing woman.
The Englishwoman in America by Isabella Bird: There is something hilarious about a woman traveling to Niagara Falls in 1856 and complaining about the tourist traps and guided tours. I guess some elements of travel never change. Isabella Bird began traveling for her health but kept at it because she loved adventure, loved people and loved the independence of traveling alone at a time when most women’s lives were circumscribed by social conventions. She travels through Canada, parts of New England and New York, Ohio and Illinois. She’s describes the landscape and the people and society.
The Hawaiian Archipelago by Isabella Bird: This is the first book I read by Isabella Bird and interestingly enough, when I requested it from the library after someone recommended it, there was a waiting list–a wait list for a book written in 1872! It is sometimes published as Six Months in the Sandwich Islands. It begins with her scary voyage from Australia to Hawaii in a ship that had seen better days. When she arrives, she travels throughout the islands, staying with farmers, at hotels, with gentry and with indigenous Hawaiians. She rides horse all over, climbs volcanoes on terrain that scorches her shoes and never once stops describing with great detail the landscape and the people. She is no perfect explorer, she has the same colonial and missionary prejudices of any British imperialist, but that does not stop her from making friends and spending time with people. Her social standing was such that she was invited to meet the economic and political leaders both British and Hawaiian, and as a witness to an important period in Hawaiian history, this memoir is fascinating on many levels.
The Secret Garden by Francis Hodgson Burnett The Secret Garden is not just for children. Such a lovely story should be read at least once every decade.
A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies by Bartolome de las Casas: As an antidote to the adventure story of the Conquest, this book by Father de las Casas is excellent though hard to stomach. He wrote this to advocate for the human rights of the indigenous people. Historians often criticize his narrative for bias and for advocacy. For some reason, advocating for conquest and imperialism is seldom described as biased, but advocating for human rights whether in the 16th or the 21st century always results in accusations of bias.
The Discovery and Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Diaz del Castillo: I read this book years and years ago and have my copy packed away with many of my other books. It is a first person account of the discovery and conquest of Mexico by someone who was actually there. He tells the story of Dona Marina or Malinche, Cortez interpreter. It is history as though written by a novelist, full of action and adventure. He also gets point for honesty about his motives. “We went there to serve God, and also to get rich”.
My Antonia by Willa Cather Jim Burden is the narrator of this story. He met Antonia when she and her family and he were all on the train west to settle in Nebraska. He lived with his grandparents who were the Shimerda’s neighbors. Antonia Shimerda is a Bohemian immigrant who settles with her family in Nebraska. They become friends and they grow up together, though she is older than him. This is a story about the land, about settlement, about making a life and finding happiness and rewards through living. It is simply wonderful.
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes This is another book that people avoid because they think big book equals hard book. They are wrong. This is one big hilarious book. I read it in Spanish and in English and it’s funny and wise and fascinating in both languages.
The Alexiad of Anna Comnena This one is not free. It costs $0.99 and is intended more for family members. I first read this out of genealogical interest. Alexius I Comnenus is a distant ancestor, my 28th great grandfather. Anna, the author is not an ancestor, she’s a great-aunt many times over. We descend from her brother John I Comnenus. Anna and her husband were the ones their mother Irene wanted to rule, but John took his father’s ring before he died and took power. His mother and his sister Anna (the author) conspired to overthrow him, but failed, which is a good thing, because that left her free time to write this history. It’s a little bit over the top in that she thinks her father walked on water, but it is thrilling to read a first person, eyewitness account of the Byzantine Empire in the 11th century.
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness has a lot of impact for such a small book. Reimagined in Apocalypse Now, it is a story that most people now know, but even if you have seen the movie a dozen times, it is worth it to read the book. People love it or hate it, but I thought it more interesting than the movie, perhaps because reading is a slower, more personal process than watching a film and because imagined scenes can be more vivid than scenes in a film.
Great Expectations by Charles Dickens This is the wonderful story of Pip who goes from poverty to comfort to poverty again meeting some of the most wonderful characters, in particular the unforgettable Miss Havisham.
Bleak House by Charles Dickens The story of Jarndyce v Jarndyce, the shamefully long and tortuous lawsuit, is Dickens’ best novel. It may be long, but don’t be intimidated, it is a great, action-packed story. Not one page is wasted.
The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoyevsky I think it is important to understanding Dostoyevsky to know he was a youthful revolutionary, captured, imprisoned for a year before being sentenced to death. He and his fellow revolutionaries were taken to be shot by a firing squad, blindfolded and waiting to be shot when the Tsar sent a letter giving them a reprieve – exile in Siberia where he spent four years. This made him value goodness, forgiveness and compassion. So he created his idiot, his holy fool, Prince Myshkin who by virtue of his goodness is out of step with the world, with society and inadvertently harms those he cares about. People think he is an idiot, but he is merely good. And you know, being good, being without judgment can make a person dangerous. This is a fascinating book with complex characters. It is unpredictable, which is what I most love in a book.
The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky is another great book by Dostoyevsky. Fyodor Karamazov, a hard, angry and unloving father is murdered. Fyodor has three sons, Dimitri, Ivan and Alexei, the sensualist, the rationalist and the idealist. There’s a fourth, unacknowledged son, Pavel, the servant. Dimitri and his father are rivals for the affections of Grushenka, a woman who is not in love with either of them but enjoys setting them against each other. There are other important characters as well, it is a complex story. There is a chapter, “The Grand Inquisitor” that explores faith and doubt, belief and unbelief and it is so amazing it is sometimes published on its own as a novella.
The Beautiful and the Damned by F. Scott Fitzgerald This is a far more important and far more interesting novel than The Great Gatsby, and not because Gatsby is anything less than a great novel. Fitzgerald understands that people need purpose, that having too much too easily can allow rot to set in. Anthony and Gloria are infatuated and mad for each other, so madly in love but their love is broken, the rot sets in. It begins when they are at a party and she wants to go home but he refuses and they argue about whether or not he is drunk. He insists on staying, thinking by dominating her, she will admire his strength, but instead she loses faith and trust. What’s interesting is that I recently read Villa America, the novelized story of the Murphy’s whose famous hospitality was so much part of ex-pat culture in France and that Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda had that exact fight at one of the Murphy’s weekends. There is a 0.99 copy of Tender is the Night at Amazon, a novel by Fitzgerald that is the story of the Murphy’s and the Villa America.
The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du Bois One of the first books of sociology, it was drawn from several essays and writings by Du Bois to advocate for the rights of black people to an education, to the franchise and to equality. He identifies and defines what later came to called internalized racism, but what he called double consciousness. the sense black people have of seeing themselves through the eyes of others, and not in a good way. This was published in 1903 and successfully identified systemic racism and its effects, how the black experience is so very different from white experience it as though there is a veil. Du Bois also argued against Booker T. Washington’s idea that vocational education is the answer – a disagreement that still continues with many people, mostly whites, urging a two-track educational model that would in practice divert most black students out of the college track. This book is more than 100 years old and still has relevance to the salient issues of today.
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin. I read this for the first time my freshman year of college. I expected it to be boring. It was anything but. Of course, I knew Franklin had an eventful life, but I expected like most politicians who write their own history, he would gloss over his mistakes and produce something designed to polish his reputation. Franklin seemed to write more in service of understanding himself than selling himself and that makes this a fascinating book.
Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz by Cardinal de Retz Jean Francois Paul de Gondi These are the complete memoirs of Cardinal de Retz and was used as the inspiration for Dumas’ Twenty Years After and describes the Fronde, the civil wars of France from 1648-1653. As an instigator, he had an insider’s view. He was also tutored by St. Vincent de Paul, These were not like the French Revolution but were wars waged by the nobility over taxes, though by the second Fronde, it seemed mainly they were rebelling because their feelings were hurt.
Far From the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy Far From the Madding Crowd is love story with one of the most exasperating heroines ever to grace a novel. Her name is Bathsheba and that is pretty heavy foreshadowing right there. She is a woman who draws men in and loves unwisely. She is loved by Gabriel the shepherd, Boldwood the wealthy farmer and Troy the gambler and ne’er-do-well. Three guesses who she chooses. But, of course, a Hardy novel is always complex and so there is much more to the story. I love Hardy. He is one of my favorite authors of all time and Far from the Madding Crowd is my second favorite of his books. His language is so beautiful that it is no surprise he was also a poet, but believe me, his real art is in his novels.
Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy Jude Hawley is a stonemason, but he dreamed of being a scholar. He taught himself Greek and Latin, but being an autodidact is not enough, he dreams of going to university, but he marries unwisely. Unwise marriages are a common theme in Hardy’s books, not just in Jude the Obscure, but also Far From the Madding Crowd, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, and The Return of the Native, his best books. Instead of Arabella, his wife, he really is in love with his cousin Sue Bridehead (not a subtle name for her either) who also marries unwisely. However, they are free, eventually, to marry each other and yet that does not bring them happiness – anything but. This is a story of multiple bad choices, many wrought by the puritanism of society insisting on making people miserable.
Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy Well, it should be no surprise that this tragic novel by Hardy also involves some unwise marriages. Like all Hardy novels, it is atmospheric with a rich sense of place, but this one, place seems even more important. Egdon Heath has the brooding, menace of old superstitions and beliefs. The community is superstitious and cruel. Hardy must have hated the sexual mores of Victorian England, because again and again, it is people doing as society wants that makes them miserable and it is society who destroys lives with its demands and its judgments. People who are individualists, idiosyncratic and interesting are crushed by social pressure. This is actually my favorite Hardy novel, probably because the mood is so powerful.
Les Misérables by Victor Hugo I have to include Les Miserables because it was the source of such angst when I was young and to a six year war with the elementary school librarian. I cannot remember her name, which goes to show how much I disliked her, I always forget the names of people I dislike. I was in First Grade and had read all the books in those bins in the school library and began exploring the shelves that lines the library even though we would not be allowed to check them out until we were in 3rd grade. I saw Les Misérables and the title just was so intriguing. I pronounced it less miserables. I wanted to read it so badly so i told my mom and she wrote the librarian a letter asking if I could. Of course, she refused. There were a few letters and calls back and forth but the librarian insisted I could only read those books that were in the big square cubes – books I had already read. One day I called her a bourgeois fascist and was sent to the principal’s office and Mom was called in to deal with me, but where did they think I heard the term? Mom was on my side, told the principal that it was she who had explained to me that the librarian epitomized the bourgeois fascist, a rule-follower who would follow any rule, no mater how wrong it was. Anyway, that motivated Mom to take me to Bemidji and buy me my own copy of Les Miserables that I very ostentatiously read right in front of the librarian on our next class visit. After all that, the book was never quite as exciting as the battle for the book.
The Journals of Lewis & Clark by Meriwether Lewis A first person narrative of our history from one its makers. Lewis & Clark explored the west, the first non-indigenous people in many areas of the west.
Versos Sencillos – José Martí Almost everyone knows one of the Simple Verses of José Martí by heart–Guantanamera, guajira, Guantanamera, yo soy un hombre sincere de donde crece la palma. I was introduced to José Martí in high school Spanish and have loved his poems ever since. His poetry delivers profound ideas with simple words. For example, I tend a white rose in July as in January, for the true friend who gives me his frank and open hand. For the cruel one whose blows break my heart, I have neither thorn nor thistle. For him, I tend a white rose.
Damn! A Book of Calumnies by H.L. Mencken Mencken is one of the great prose stylists of the 20th century. Known for biting with and a sharp, cutting tongue, he was the master of the aphorism and bon mot. This is a collection of some of his most vicious and funniest prose.
France and England in North America by Francis Parkman is one of the great narrative histories. I had the two volume Library of America editions that I read in college and I remember Uncle Hubert loved it so much he read it more than once. Of course, modern historians are more scrupulous about secondary sources than Parkman was so this is some unknowable place between history an historical fiction.
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography by Theodore Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt was a true Renaissance man, with gifts in every field including writing. This is no boring career-polisher’s memoir.
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley On the other hand, Mary Shelley did invent a new genre, science fiction. Unlike the gothic novels of the past, she avoided the supernatural and focused on science for something completely new.
Dracula by Bram Stoker Bram Stoker did not invent the horror genre, but he gave us the most memorable and evocative monster of them all.
A Girl of the Limberlost by Gene Stratton-Porter This is a childhood favorite, a book my Mom loved. Elnora is a sort of Cinders of the Swamp, but she is not seeking a prince, she wants an education and she works to finance it by capturing moths and butterflies and selling specimens of wildlife from the Limberlost, a real wildlife swamp area that has disappeared now thanks to logging and development. Her mother resents her because her father died when she was born. She buried her heart with her husband and takes out her grief on Elnora. However, neighbors and friends help Elnora work toward her dreams. This is also a romance when she falls in love with Phillip who is already engaged to another woman – of course one not worthy of him, but that’s standard for romances. It’s an engaging story and one I remember fondly from high school.
Walden by Henry Thoreau Before No Labels, there was Henry Thoreau and he was as counterculture then as he would be today. He wanted to know himself, the natural man, not the man in society and with technology, so off he goes to be a near hermit for a couple years and experience life without the hustle and bustle of modern society (and it was a modern society to him even if it seems not so to us). Trains and telegraphs were connecting us faster and more closely and he was not sure that was a good thing. With even more technology, faster and more ubiquitous communications and with everyone being “connected”, Walden is a good reminder that we need space to unplug, to be alone with ourselves, to be outside of time.
Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy You know, when you read these old classics like Anna Karenina and Hardy’s books, you realize that despite the public prudery of the 19th century, people were still the same. The great books reveal that again and again. Most people are familiar with the story of Anna Karenina because of the movie, but the book is even better. There is such honesty in this book, there is this devastating moment when Anna confesses her adultery to her husband and he is so close to forgiving her, to loving her. It was so real and so tragic, this man who really wants to choose love but cannot for the same of his honor, his self-respect, because people know, because he would seem a fool. That kind of understanding of human nature is precious and Tolstoy really seems to understand humanity.
War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy I do not understand why War and Peace is viewed as a chore to read. Maybe it should be named Gone with the Ice? War and Peace is a historical romance, full of love, romance, sinister plotting, love affairs, court intrigue and warfare. There are assassination attempts, suicide attempts, imprisonment and financial ruin. This book really has everything. There is the sinister brother and sister duo of Hélène and Anatole, who may or may not be in an incestuous relationship. There is the naive and lovely Natasha who falls into their web. There are so many characters – and perhaps that is why people resist, because there are so many, but they are all so vividly portrayed that they are not confusing. Some people find Russian names confusing, so here is a guide.
Memoirs of Marguerite of Valois, Queen of Navarre by Marguerite of Valois. There are so many court memoirs particularly from France where it was very much the fashion. Marguerite had plenty of time for writing after her brother imprisoned her for 18 years. I love how blatantly self-serving she is in her memoir. Best of all, she writes with immediacy and verve, making me wonder if she really wrote it – and she did. She was the daughter of Catherine de Medici and was an eyewitness to the turbulent years of her regency and her brothers struggles for the crown and describes the attempted assassination of Admiral Coligny. After the assassination attempt, Coligny sent our seventh great-grandfather Pierre Mabille to Holland to request military support, though the Massacre of St. Bartholomew came too quickly for help to arrive.
My Man Jeeves by P.G. Wodehouse – The first of many Jeeves and Wooster novels. Get this one, then get the rest. These are fun, light-hearted and easy reads that will make you laugh out loud. | 2019-04-23T19:03:06Z | https://tonstantweaderreviews.wordpress.com/a-christmas-present-for-readers/ |
he unreliable narrator is a storytelling voice regularly employed by writers in many spheres of discourse. For the fiction writer who ventures into the horror genre at various frequencies and densities, the unreliable narrator is his or her best friend in the dark. In four classics of literary horror—Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw, Jeff Lindsay’s Darkly Dreaming Dexter, Bret Easton Ellis’ American Psycho, and Peter Straub’s Ghost Story—the unreliable narrative voices are used to heighten suspense as their stories progress. Examining the power of The Turn of the Screw and Henry James’ narratology reveals how the horror genre’s architecture of chaos can be experienced by readers in the most unique and terrifying of ways: the unreliable voice.
The children of narratology have varied behavior patterns, but the most disturbing of these offspring is the “unreliable narrator”. Before any examination of how unreliability in storytelling is an asset to the horror writer, a definitional understanding or brief recall is necessary. The unreliable narrator has been rather manageable to delineate by critics and academics over the past few decades. This did not come about without intensive scholarly study. Among the most comprehensible of the concise descriptions is by the literary critic who coined the term “unreliable narrator,” Wayne C. Booth. He explained, “for lack of better terms, I have called a narrator reliable when he speaks for or acts in accordance with the norms of the work (which is to say, the implied author’s norms), unreliable when he does not…” and, “it is most often a matter of what [Henry] James calls inconscience; the narrator is mistaken, or he believes himself to have qualities which the author denies him [or her]” (Booth 158-159).
Henry James uses this term in an emotional notebook entry that describes his frustration in creating more saleable and baser characters for his fiction. He seems to resign to never being able to fully give editors the bombastic qualities they want, and instead directs his thoughts toward creating a character who deals with this very struggle—a writer being browbeaten by editors. James’ idea of compelling narration formulates: “Say it’s a woman. She succeeds—and she thinks she’s fine! Mightn’t she be the narrator, with a fine grotesque inconscience? So that the whole thing becomes a masterpiece of close and finished irony?” (James, Notebooks 180) The real-life irony is that James’ most vivid portrait of an inconscient female narrator is the governess of The Turn of the Screw. Her inconscience is indeed “fine[ly] grotesque,” a perfect recipe for a horror story.
Seymour Chatman slightly expands on Booth’s elucidation of the unreliable narrator and illuminates James’ inconscience: “What makes a narrator unreliable is that his values diverge strikingly from that of the implied author’s; that is, ‘the norms of the work’ conflict with the view of the events and existents that the narrator is presenting, and we become suspicious of his sincerity or competence to tell the ‘truth’” (Chatman 99). Nowhere do “values diverge strikingly” more than the in first-person storytelling of Darkly Dreaming Dexter. Before finishing the opening paragraph to chapter 2 of Darkly Dreaming Dexter, the reader knows that Dexter Morgan’s real sport is serially killing murderers who, in Dexter’s mind—or in the harsh and grossly unfair realities of a clunky legal system—have gotten away with their crimes. A person could be an obnoxious tennis “nut”, but on the whole he or she is reliable in the example of an arbitrary tennis narrative. Dexter may be polite and wear the skin of a normal person, but his psychotic-murderer status firmly places him in Henry James’ aforementioned “inconscience”; a softer-pedaling term for unreliable.
Chapter 2’s opening describes Dexter’s cleanup after torturing and murdering a priest who repeatedly got away with killing children. Dexter’s vocation as a blood spatter analyst for local law enforcement gives him investigative tools and evidence-altering abilities to safely catch killers separate and apart from the normal police investigations proceeding around him. Before chapter two begins, readers are aware that the world they are being served up comes from the rationalized, bloodlust-laden sociopathy of an adult male who thinks of himself as a secret vigilante serving the public trust. Dexter is only “reliable” in his own blood red-lensed view of the world. In the “real” world of a society that at least has proximate—or even a tainted pretense to maintain—laws based on ideals, morals, and ethics, Dexter is unreliable, and as the series of Lindsay’s Dexter books progresses, more chaotic elements to Dexter’s moral center are revealed.
Lindsay’s Dexter books have exploded into a Dexter franchise that was rapidly turned into an eponymous television series on premium cable. The transformation of the serial killer Dexter Morgan into a “hero”—in spite of antihero characteristics—with a rapidly-formed cult of personality on message boards, schoolyard conversations, and workplace water-cooler verbal exchanges demonstrates the power of persuasion in an unreliable narrator. Dexter is a not just a killer in the self-defense or military sense of application; he is a murderer, and the nature and form of his unreliability are so unique and popular that numerous philosophical and psychological volumes—like Serial Killers, Philosophy for Everyone: Being and Killing (Waller)—have attempted to soft- and hard-scientifically deconstruct him. Jeff Lindsay demonstrated considerable writing power in his ability to create such a socially powerful fictional character that is arguably among the most unreliable narrators in literature.
Dexter Morgan’s “own taste” produces an “air of reality,” but his unreliable narration is fleshed out in his own “illusion of life.” The solidity of specification for the “normal” narrator is constituted via reliable perception and sanity. The solidity of specification of Dexter Morgan is in the realm of abnormal behavior, tainted by his radically skewed perception and unreliable insanity. Dexter, like the governess of The Turn of the Screw, is indeed inconscient.
Whereas Jeff Lindsay created a somewhat sympathetic character—although this character is sociopathic—in Dexter Morgan via an interesting killer-who-kills-only-killers motif in the Dexter franchise, Bret Easton Ellis gave the world the almost utterly unsympathetic Patrick Bateman. Patrick is the first-person narrator of the controversial novel American Psycho (Ellis). Ellis’ storytelling is so powerful, that the reader’s sympathy level does not alter toward Patrick even as the story progresses and events reveal that “his nights he spends in ways we cannot begin to fathom” may or may not be all in Patrick’s head (back cover). Patrick shares with The Turn of the Screw’s governess a unique form of unreliability “because of being in a disturbed state of mind” ("Unreliable Narrator").
Where Patrick’s disturbance takes a sharp departure from the governess—and arguably even from Dexter Morgan—is the egopathy, homicidomania, and homicidophilia involved in Patrick’s real or imagined acts of murder and torture. One example of Patrick’s disconnection from empathy is while he’s engaged in a homophobic episode of violence and murder. Near the end of the chapter titled Killing Dog, Patrick describes, in vivid detail, killing a male he believes to be a homosexual making a pass at him; this is shortly after disemboweling the man’s pet canine in front of his eyes. What frames this as a horrifying scene, even beyond the head-turning shock and gruesome violence of the murders themselves, is Patrick taking regrettable note of getting blood sprays on a white BMW 320i parked nearby.
Nearly every page of American Psycho is littered with brand names and pop culture items that the Wall Street-savvy and hip businessman Patrick Bateman is obsessed with. Patrick’s world of peace, love, and understanding is only derived from jet-set-level inanimate objects and cultural abstracts. He hates people and reminds the reader of this constantly through his actions and thoughts; that directed hate includes his fiancée Evelyn, whom he discards based more on minor irritations than any type of significant adversity—thankfully without killing her—as the horrors of American Psycho play out. Albeit a horse pill to digest in its sidecar commentary on the “Me Decade” of the 1980s, Ellis grasped the genius of creating an unsympathetic and insane—and therefore unreliable—narrator; a storyteller who is the antagonist and keeps the reader turning the pages. In some sense the reader is compelled to keep engaging in the story to root for those set against Patrick or cheer for those who are able to escape his homicidal crosshairs. If Dexter Morgan and the governess of The Turn of the Screw have stepped into the sphere of Henry James’ inconscience, then Patrick Bateman is standing in and defending inconscience’s center.
Patrick Bateman’s compulsion and necessity to “keep up appearances” is arguably the strongest and most palpable element of creeping terror in American Psycho. The connection to Henry James’ work and specifically The Turn of the Screw, in which the plot involves the “keep[ing] up of appearances” in the midst of supernatural terror, warranted at least one college class on the subject. “Keeping up appearances” involves an element of deception and holding forth oneself as someone they are not or someone they desire to be. Patrick Bateman desires to kill, but must uphold the exterior of Wall Street executive. The governess desires to be heroic in her defense of children against dark and supernatural forces, but must do so within the role of live-in teacher. The turnabout is that Patrick physically attempts to hide his true self via vocation, and the governess attempts to psychologically hide her mundane vocation via what she imagines as her true self, a powerful guardian. The irony that Patrick Bateman and the governess, who in a real world setting would be repulsed by each other, are “strange bedfellows,” like their author-creators Ellis and James, is an unlikely but nevertheless existent linkage that only strengthens their century-crossing and enjoined tap roots of unreliability.
Although the fictional storytellers Dexter Morgan, Patrick Bateman, and the governess have somewhat similar features via James’ inconscience and the frightening horror genre’s literary weapon of unreliability, writers Peter Straub and Henry James are at once parallel and connected in a Siamese twin sense with the narratology and plotting in The Turn of the Screw and Ghost Story. Ghost Story’s plot centers on a group of older men called the Chowder Society. The Society has met over the past five decades or so to tell each other ghost stories. It is discovered later in the novel that the reason for their meetings is to provide an odd and somewhat ghastly attempt at self-run group therapy sessions in regard to a tragedy they all experienced and participated in years earlier. Two of the three primary protagonists of the story are named Ricky Hawthorne and Sears James.
For further summarization of the premise, it is in his cultural study of horror, Danse Macabre, that Stephen King—who has co-written two novels with Peter Straub—writes, “in Ghost Story, [horror novelist] Don Wanderley is summoned by four old men who call themselves the Chowder Society. Don’s Uncle, the fifth member, died of an apparent heart attack the year before while attending a party thrown for the mysterious actress Ann-Veronica Moore” (249).
Adding to the strong currents of unreliability in Ghost Story are the dense amount of characters, and the protagonists’ inability to discover until deep into the novel that at least five—probably more—different females are the same entity. Given that the shape-changing nature of the ghost proves difficult to hunt it down, and that one of the protagonists is a horror novelist who has suffered the loss of his brother at the hands of the ghost, and that four of the older men protagonists are relentlessly plagued by nightmares, the unreliability quotient runs high in Ghost Story. The tug of war over sub-plots is designed by Straub to leave the characters in self-doubt even during their combined forces against the supernatural evil dead set on revenge via their physical, psychological, and spiritual destruction. In this sense, unreliability is Straub’s weapon of choice as a writer. When asked “who’s your favorite writer?” Peter Straub answered, “I guess I have to say Henry James” (Straub, "FAQ", par. 10). The kinship of terror does not organize, but disorganizes. Disorganization begets disturbance, and vice-versa. Disturbance, when related through the subgenre of horror fiction, becomes unreliable narration.
These examples of unreliable narration as a device or weapon for the horror writer indicate a common theme in horror fiction. That theme is that “unreliable narration tends to emphasize the subjective nature of truth and the technique often tends towards the implication that there is no such thing as an objective viewpoint” ("Unreliable Narrator"). The lack of objectivity leaves characters with the flimsy reed of human experience to fight the forces of darkness. These unreliable narrative voices are used to heighten suspense as their stories progress. The influence of Henry James and The Turn of the Screw will haunt narratology for centuries to come.
John E. Wilkins is a secondary and post-secondary adjunct instructor of Art, English, Creative Writing, and Philosophy courses. Through JWi Studios he freelances as an illustrator in the commercial art sphere while producing fine art for gallery shows. He currently lives in his native El Paso, Texas, but will be returning to live in the Denver, Colorado area in Summer 2015 (he lived there before from 1993-2006, but plans on staying this time). He is kept in line by his pet sabre-toothed-tiger-wannabes Manny and Ruby. John will be giving a presentation on Unreliable Horrors at the Colorado Horror Con 2015 (Taking place October 30, 31, and Nov. 1, 2015). For more info see ColoradoHorrorCon.com.
Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. Print.
Chatman, Seymour. “The Structure of Narrative Transmission.” Literary Theory: An Anthology. Ed. Julie Rivkin, and Michael Ryan. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. 97-124. Print.
Clute, John, and John Grant, eds. Encyclopedia of Fantasy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. Print.
Ellis, Bret Easton. American Psycho. New York: Vintage, 1991. Print.
James, Henry. “The Art of Fiction.” Longman’s Magazine Sep. 1884: N. pag. Washington State University. Web. 02 Jun. 2013. http://public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/artfiction.html ---. The Notebooks of Henry James. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947. Print. ---. The Turn of the Screw, The Aspern Papers, and Two Stories. 2003 ed. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1898. Print.
King, Stephen. Danse Macabre. 2nd trade paperback ed. New York: Berkley, 2001. Print.
McArthur, T. (Ed.). (1992). Oxford Companion to the English Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mish, Frederick C., ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 2011. Print.
Straub, Peter. “Frequently Asked Questions About Peter Straub.” PeterStraub.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 June 2013. http://peterstraub.net/faq/ ---. Ghost Story. Stephen King Horror Library 2003 ed. Garden City: Bookspan, 1979. Print.
“Unreliable Narrator.” Bloomsbury Dictionary of English Literature. Ed. Marion Wynne-Davies. Rev. ed. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1997. Credo Reference. Web. 01 June 2013.
VandenBos, Gary R., eds. APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2007. Print.
Waller, S., ed. Serial Killers, Philosophy for Everyone: Being and Killing. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Print. | 2019-04-23T20:44:38Z | http://hellohorror.com/1622_JohnEWilkins_UnreliableHorrors.htm |
Interesting chat with a bunch of high performing students doing a high level course on artificial intelligence, at a top European University The course is around 50% pure maths, the rest data analysis, AI research, coding and neuroscience. Around 100 students started the course, unbelievably (and immorally in my view) there’s less than 30 survived through to the second year. These second year students are no slouches.
Lectures are not recorded, much to the disgust of the students, who constantly complain about this. (even formally). The students complain that, for high-level maths, this makes absolutely no sense, in terms of teaching or learning. The lectures are experiences where the students desperately try to fathom out what is being covered in the course. They salvage what they can, then the real teaching and learning begins. Their lectures are all two hours long (wow!), with as many as four, two-hour lectures in one day. There’s a huge amount of contact time, as well as projects. What is not clear is how productive that contact time is. Complaints fall on deaf ears. In a sense this has forced the students to create their own teaching methods.
What online tools were they using?
They do, of course, use a huge range of online resources both after and (interestingly) during lectures. Khan Academy, academic papers, online textbooks, but one tool surprised me. It’s called ‘Anki’, a spaced-practice, flashcard system. The tool encapsulates several simple principles in learning theory; self-generated content, chunking, active learning, recall as reinforcement and repeated practice. Theses are well-researched principles that are largely ignored in higher education. We have known about spaced practice for over a century, one of the most researched principles in learning, yet studiously, even wilfully, ignore the principle in practice. It is not difficult, in our connected networked age, to deliver this type of learning. Our learners have devices, laptops, tablets and especially mobiles that form an umbilical chord for learning. What impressed me wasn’t the tool, which I knew of, but the way in which they used the tool.
You rate your own answers by choosing a rating; a spaced-practice interval. But here’s the clever bit, the algorithm, which is very sophisticated, also takes part in deciding what is delivered at what point in the future. (The algorithm is based on a well known algorithm for spaced-practice called SuperMemo.) On top of this, the ‘supervised learning’ is a combination of learner and system judgements. This no simple repeated practice system. The algorithm is very sophisticated, as is the input by the learner. These are AI students who fully realise the power of supervised learning, the combination of human and technology to optimise learning. They’re soaked in machine learning but also recognise its limitations, which they are constantly pushing out.
These students were writing their own cards. They all use HTML or LaTeX, as it copes with the maths. They are way beyond Word. This act of self-creation is a great learning task in itself. Self-generated content is like souped-up note taking and results in significant increases in retention and recall. The students I spoke to recognised that they’re reinforcing content when they create the cards, as well as when they practice using the card decks. The addition of audio for language learning is also useful.
They even share out the production task, so that each converts certain topics or lectures into cards for shared use. This pooling saves everyone some time, time that can be more usefully spent practising. One of the great things about this course is its project work. They’re set high-level tasks and randomly put into groups, then marked on the results. If you're going to do a computer acinece or Ai degree do one that has tons of project work. It works.
They even run ANKI group sessions in twos or threes. Flashing a question up and going for the quickest to answer, a sort of live, gamification technique. This is a pedagogic technique invented by smart learners for other smart learners. An interesting angle here is that they especially like answering questions written by their colleagues, as this shows deeper understanding and prepares them for more possibilities in their understanding and exams.
There’s a server AnkiWeb that synchronises delivery across a range of devices. Not that they'd use a tablet, as that would be a waste fo time and money in IT. There’s also a huge number of decks, especially for language learning, that are available for free.
It also has its own analytics to show you what you've been doing across your decks, in terms of usage and success. That's useful feedback when you're trying to optimise your learning time.
There's a huge range of plug-ins, such as text to speech with playback/recording, editing features and even Memrise, courses in languages and other subjects, with adaptive learning. The card system is heavily used by students learning a second language as it has this text to speech capability in many languages. It even copes with Japanese and Chinese (well used).
Cards are produced on a laptop and they use it on laptops but the mobile version is used for revision, especially in cafes, on trains and so on. Fascinatingly there’s lots of use in lectures (when the lecturer is poor). This really is that rare beast – optimised, mobile learning.
What is odd is the gap that has emerged between learners and those who teach. The gap has widened as ‘lecturers’ hold doggedly on to the twin pedagogic pillars of lectures and essays, while students find their own ways to learn. It is this lack of interest in learning and the tools that help students learn, that is puzzling. But what realy puzzles these smart students is why no one told them about these tools. They had to discover them by themselves. Isn't that odd? Maybe not. There’s an odd form of pedagogy that has been around a long time in our Universities, of not making life too easy for students, the idea that struggle is part of the process. This tool should be recommended for all students. You need not make any of this compulsory but surely giving students tools that take them beyond the lectures that fail them is worth trying. It is, of course, more suited to learning underlying knowledge but they have also moved into creating cards that pose questions that need the application of that knowledge or principle. This is not just a fact checker, it is high-level knowledge and skills. The one line I heard time and time again was “I wished I knew about this at school or at the start of the course”. These students know good pedagogy when they see it because they create and use good pedagogy for themselves, things they know work. Their views of lectures are, by and large, one of complete contempt.
Thiel – Higher Education a bubble?
I like Thiel, as much for the fact that he speaks from a position of success when he taks about business but also that challenges assumptions, especially on Higher Education. As the co-founder of PayPal and first outside investor in Facebook, he has since invested in many companies including LinkedIn and Yammer. He describes himself as a conservative-libertarian and espouses original views on business, social structures and education, that many find, if unpalatable, certainly interesting.
In his book on entrepreneurship, Thiel is critical of those who imagine that entrepreneurship can be taught. This, he thinks, is flawed, as “The paradox of entrepreneurship is that such a formula necessarily cannot exist: because every innovation is new and unique.” He doesn’t think that successful, network businesses can be built by MBA types, who are drilled in seeing what is the case, rather than the all-important absences or gaps. He is also critical of educational systems that drive competition, an obsession with grades, which in turn lead to conformity. The best minds in the world now focus on driving people towards online ads or the unproductive and risk averse world of law and finance. This he thinks limits, rather than encourages personal ambition and progress.
The insidious side of the Catholic Church was the threat, that if you didn’t pay up, you were damned. Similarly, if you don’t get a Degree, you’re damned as a failure, sent to some sort of economic hell, never being admitted to the heaven that is gainful employment and wealth. Criticising Higher Education is like “saying there’s no Santa Claus” claims Thiel. This is a feature of all bubbles, believes Thiel, where ‘groupthink’ takes over and false assumptions become absolute beliefs, and even debate of the negative consequences is seen as ‘party-pooping’.
Higher education, he thinks, is a bubble fed by a vague abstraction - the word ‘education’. Is it an investment decision for a good job? Is it mere consumption, a four-year party? Or, as he thinks, an insurance policy that is not worth as much as you think it is. He charges the system with conformity, a position also taken by Noam Chomsky. Diagnostically, Higher Education suffers, he thinks, from a massive failure of the imagination, a failure to consider alternative futures. The net result is that everyone conforms and marches in lock-step to college to do similar degrees which results in homogenisation and lot less freedom of action, as people believe that everything has been exhausted, and the likes of law and finance are the only possible ways forward. He adds that the lack of focus on teaching has turned the system into an ‘incredible racket’.
Technology does more with less, education does the opposite, it offers the same thing year after year, at a higher and higher price. No one could really claim that the huge hikes in pricing reflect corresponding hikes in the value of University tuition. So what’s happening? Universities are complicit in this. They raise prices because they can, without attention to lowering costs through online learning, fourth semesters etc. In fact the quality of tuition may have fallen, with more students and less qualified lecturers, matched by salary inflation at the top, higher numbers of administrators and wasteful capital expenditure in largely empty buildings. Like the housing market, where people rushed to take out loans (mortgages) based on the belief that the value of their asset will always rise (or at least stay the same), many suffered a shock when the value dropped. Huge hikes in prices for the buyer, now seem unrelated to the real price of the degree. This is exactly what happened in everything from tulips to internet stocks and housing. There is no compelling evidence that the future worth of degrees will be guaranteed. That’s the mistake made in all bubbles. In a bubble, real demand is brutal, and in a buyers’ market may lead to degrees being simple indicators of ‘class’ rather than intrinsic value. Universities may be creating their own bubble, dislocating cost from real value. Institutional brand ranking may lead employers to dismiss degrees from institutions perceived as second-rate. In short, your degree may become a liability while your debt remains all too real.
In short, HE has all the hallmarks of a bubble. Resistant to influence from the outside it is heading towards a crisis, especially for middle-class students who are amassing enormous amounts of debt. As financial pressure mounts, the Reformation needs to come from the outside.
To action his beliefs, about the inefficiency and often irrelevance of college, Thiel’s Fellowship programme funded $100k to each of 20 people under 20, to create their own companies. The programme challenges the idea that college is the only path for young people.
Thiel has backtracked on some of his more extreme positions, such as his attacks on multiculturism and diversity, expressed in the book The Diversity Myth and his Fellowship programme has not been the success he predicted. It has been criticised for replacing education with ‘get rich quick’ programmes. His extreme views on the role of women and their political liberation have been roundly attacked as antediluvian.
Thiel is a contrarian, and although many of his ideas seem outlandish, his critique of Higher Education articulates a growing dissatisfaction with the status quo. Many see his position as exaggerated but it is cogent and based on his not inconsiderable experience in investments and predicting the future. Whether he’s right will be proven by future events.
Stephen Downes and George Siemens, although very different, have two major things in common, connectivism and MOOCs. Stephen Downes sees himself as a philosopher with a professional interest in online learning, specifically the use of network processes for learning. This includes MOOCs and many other species of open, collaborative and online learning. George Siemens is a complementary educator with similar views on connectivism and both a theoretical and practical interest in online learning and MOOCs.
Siemens and Downes developed the concept of ‘Connectivism’, the idea that “knowledge is distributed across a network of connections, and therefore that learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks”. They see it as an alternative to behaviourism, cognitivism and constructionism. Downes makes it clear that he is not a social constructivist. ‘Connectivism’ is very different from ‘constructionism’, as the focus is on the connections, not the structures or meanings that are being connected across networks. Learning consists of the practices, by both teachers and learners that result in the creation and use of successful networks with properties such as diversity, autonomy, openness, and connectivity. This was a real challenge to the existing paradigms, atht does take into account the explosion of network technology, as well as presenting a new perspective on the learning process.
In 2008, Siemens and Downes designed and taught the first cMOOC. This has led to a commonly quoted distinction between cMOOCs (connectivist) and xMOOCs. cMOOCs are open, learner-generated, with a greater use of social and other networked tools. xMOOCS, which in reality is most MOOCs, are more formally presented in a more traditional course structure, with video, texts, computer marked assessment, peer assessment and social interaction. Siemens and Downes can certainly be said to have kick-started MOOCs but only in the sense of being the progenitors of one species of MOOC (connectivist), which have not yet reached any significant critical mass. While it is true that Siemens and Downes delivered the first MOOC, it was not the first massive, free or even open course (a fact acknowledged by Downes). Others in the corporate sector and online had delivered such courses. Nevertheless, they remain, on this front, pioneers in MOOCs and online learning.
Connectivism has been challenged as simply a descriptive, umbrella term for what is known as social learning, a diffuse description of the simple fact that people are connected and learn by that means. It can also be seen as placing too much focus on the delivery mechanism, as opposed to the individuals’ cognitive processes, demoting learning to a mere epiphenomenon. Indeed, it does seem to demote what many see as real (personal and mental) cognitive learning processes and practice. As a ‘learning theory’ it can also be seen as descriptive of only a subset of learning. It is ‘a’ learning theory, applied by some, but can in no way be described as ‘the’ learning theory.
On MOOCs, the distinction between cMOOCS and xMOOCs is often misunderstood. The ‘c’ does not stand for constructivist (Downes is not a social constructivist), it means ‘connectivist’. In any case the distinction is too binary, as there’s a variety of MOOC types that defy this simplistic, binary distinctions. New taxonomies are emerging that more accurately reflect the variety of real MOOCs. This exaggerated binary distinction has led to simplistic criticism of many MOOCs as being poor in terms of their social dimension. This falsely skews the debate away from the variety of pedagogic approaches in MOOCs keeping the debate at an oppositional, binary level.
Downes and Siemens have defined a learning theory, connectivism, that has stimulated debate around the nature of learning, especially in a highly networked and increasingly technological world. Connectivism is a fascinating flip away from the preceding learning theories, in that it takes technology and networked processes as it’s bedrock, not behavior, internal mental processes or socially constructed meaning. It has stimulated debate but has yet to really challenge other more dominant belief sets in the world of learning. Beyond this, they remain significant figures with high quality output, not only in terms of MOOCs, but across the whole learning sphere.
An SME is a Subject Matter Expert. Remember this, as they may lack expertise in other areas, such as learning, time management, design, graphics and editorial skills. Nevertheless, they play an important role in the team. So what do you say, practically, to an SME, at the start of a project?
The SME is an expert in the subject, not the project manager, designer, editor, graphic artists or tester. It must be crystal clear what the ‘role’ entails. There’s no problem in allowing SMEs to play other roles but be clear what those other roles are and the parameters within which the SME will work in each of those roles. There tends to be a sort of skills creep here, where the SME assumes they have overall design control and skills beyond their ability and remit. Note that some SMEs have other skills but how likely is it that they have project management, interface design, writing for screen, graphic, audio, animation, video, technical, tool, copyright and interactive design skills? It pays, on both sides, to be honest and realistic on who does what and why.
Identify exactly what you require in terms of tools. Is it Word, Google docs, templates, authoring tool? The there’s the format or template on the page/screen? Then there's the file format, file names and versioning. Where is the content to be stored? Dropbox, sent in by email? Finally, there’s the issue of communication. Establish rules for email communications, so that it is clear how often you communicate and by what means. Why? Because things will slip. A full exchange of email addresses, Skype names, Facebook, whatever, is always in order.
Don’t assume that your SME will deliver on time. Identify their holidays and other time commitments. SMEs, especially those new to the task, often underestimate the time that is needed, as content for online delivery needs to be substantial and of high quality, not a set of rough course notes. If it can slip, it will. Their expertise is rarely in the domain of project or time management. In fact, this may be their greatest weakness. First, build in some contingency, then allow for several iterations. Have a B-plan.
With freedom comes responsibility. While a SME should be encouraged to be creative and to think about engagement, good learning theory and strong pedagogy, there are real design constraints that need to be explained. There’s the practical design constraints in terms of what can be presented on the screen, technical constraints on types of media. It is vital that the SME grasps the concept of 'chunking' and the good use of media and media mix. It may be wise to provide detailed guidelines in terms of a structured outline, word counts, even templates.
SME output will invariably have to be edited and cut down to size. Writing is really all about rewriting, especially; a) when the SME is used to writing papers, manuals and books; b) when the SME has never been involved in teaching and learning. Most SME content needs an external eye, if not a good editor. Explain the difference between the written word and text on screen. Explain the need for cut-down, chunked content that does not overload the learner and always leave room for an external eye and editor.
It is important to foster a good team atmosphere, and the right attitudes, from the start. Explain up front that things WILL go wrong and not to get too hung up on the occasional spelling mistake. I mention 'spelling' as I’ve seen grown ups become demonic on the issue. I've lost count of the times that the production process has unvovered errors in the SME provided material, even from HE, even from supposedly quality assured content. In fact it is probable. To err is human and a good collective spirit goes a long way.
As the project progresses, it is important to challenge. On the whole, after 30 plus years of doing this professionally, there is overwhelming evidence to show that SMEs tend to shove too much stuff into online learning experiences. It is the job of the project manager, designer, and others in the team, to challenge that tendency, not only in terms of quantity but also on the grounds of relevant skills and learning theory. They know what they know, you know what you know – the two should not be confused.
Another form of challenge is on delivery. It’s all very well being agile with SMEs but they have to deliver at the front-end of projects and need to know that others depend on their prompt and promised delivery. Explain these dependencies in detail, and this is important – also explain the fiscal and time consequences of non-delivery. In complex tech projects, there's often a scheduled graphic artist, audio recoding booked, whole video production team readt to roll and coders at the ready. The consequences of late delivery can be expensive, even catastrophic.
It is vital that materials supplied are copyright cleared and that the team and SME understand the role of copyright with text, images, video and so on. SME content often contains material, especially images, that is not safe to publish online. On the other hand there is plenty of good copyright free stuff that is publishable.
The whole SME thing is fraught with potential problems. As for the debate around SMEs creating content on their own, I’ve been in this business for a long time and I’ve seen no end of online learning experiences result in a huge, soggy or fragmented mess through lack of understanding on how people learn, poor interface design, poor media mix, huge dollops of unedited text and a lack of design and editorial skills. You need a team.
Perfect time of year to visit Berlin and my favourite conference of the year Online Educa – like the gluwein in the nearby Christmas market, a pretty tasty brew – spicy and strong enough to keep the conversation flowing. I like the mix of the academic, government and business.
In 2012 they were saying MOOCs are awful, 2013 MOOCs are dead, 2014 MOOCs are pedagogically weak. 2015 some still don’t like them but we can finally say they’re here to stay. 2016 will be “they’ve turned out to be alright after all”.
What gave me heart about Higher Education was the fantastic talk by Anka Mulder, from the University of Delft. She posed a question. If Uber can destroy the business of driving and not own a single cab or employ a single taxi driver, and AirBnB can soak up the accommodation market without owning a single hotel, can this happen in education? She put up an innovative argument, that her institution could be such a global player. Brave, and I wish her well, as they’re adopting many of the necessary traits - but it’s unlikely. She did, however, argue that MOOCs are having a profound influence, not only as outreach by institutions to new audiences but also on the potential use of MOOCs internally for campus students. Her advice, which is innovative and sound, was to form alliances, as the airlines do around the world, to deliver world-class, transferable qualifications, with other Universities around the world. Unfortunately, Universities are slow, bureaucratic, non-collaborative, often with national perspectives, high fixed costs and a reluctance to accept transferability, so it is likely that another player pulls off this trick. Her vision, like that of Jeff Haywood at the University of Edinburgh (see his brilliant talk here), is exactly what HE needs.
The plenary session on AI in education was sharp, although mostly about AI and light on education. Toby Walsh rightly quashed the dystopian opinions of Hawking, Gates and Musk, along with Hollywood visions of Terminator robots murdering us in our beds, then reminded us that we actually live in the age of algorithms. AI is already here in Google search, Amazon, social media and almost every other species of online service. An interesting aside was that AI software had just (48 hours earlier) passed the Japanese University entrance examination, scoring well above the average score. He then gave us an informed view of how AI may affect the job market.
I have written about this myself and highly recommend The Future of the Professions by the Susskinds, which looks at the professions one-by-one, as well as the complex economic arguments around job destruction (and creation). Jobs will be destroyed but new jobs created. However these jobs will be different and it is by no means certain that there will be a higher net number of jobs at the end. We’ve seen this before as mass employment moved from fields to factories, then came the shift from blue-collar factories to manufacturing robots. It looks likely that this will now happen to the white-collar professions. Education is not immune. We’ve already seen a vast reduction in the number of trainers, librarians and even teachers in my opinion, as tech has taken root for search, knowledge and learning. Fascinating.
A key moment came on the second day when a neuroscientist asked the audience whether they believed in learning styles, that only 10% of the brain is used at any one time or L/R brain theory. There was a forest of arms for all three. She was polite but the response was shocking. Bewildering though this is, at least it showed the scale of the problem. It’s like going to a medical conference and finding out that the audience are really selling powdered rhino horn, herbs and homeopathic solutions. There was then an almost tragicomic moment when an audience member tried to defend learning styles – it was, of course, an anecdote, and the plural of anecdote is not data.
As a counter to this stuff, I gave a whistlestop tour of 2500 years of learning theory (the good, bad and the downright ugly). I went from from Socrates to Seligman in just 25 minutes, clustering learning theorists into: Greeks, religious leaders, religious educators, Marxists, constructivists, psychoanalysts, schoolers, pragmatists, behaviourists, cognivists, instructionalists, holists, assessors, educationalists, online technologists, online educationalists, cultural critics and outsiders. The good news is that people are starting to take the real (not faddish) psychology of learning seriously. We’re listening to Hattie, Black & Wiliam and Dweck in schools. Taking Ebbinghaus, Tulving and Erikson seriously in terms of memory theory and practice. It takes time, but the dusty old boxes of dated, faddish and non-evidenced, learning theory and practice is being swept away by good research.
General learning conferences often have a disproportionate number of people from Universities as they have the time and budgets. Vocational learning and schools are under-represented. This year I gave a talk about tech in vocational learning and was on a later panel discussing the issues. The session, with my friends from Africa, Jamaica and Malaysia, was exhilarating. We talked way beyond the end of the allotted time. The panel was fine but the chair insisted in posing the old trope questions about MOOCs and F2F mentioned above. I think it just wastes time.
As Pasi Sahlberg says, vocational learning is back on the agenda, as many countries feel the fiscal burden of University education and start to experience graduate unemployment. In the UK, the main plank of the education debate was 3 million apprenticeships, something that the left wing parties should have pushed. Surprisingly, it was the policy of the right wing government and they won. Some great case studies popped out from Mexico, Malaysia, with Moodle, YouTube (as a learning platform), OER, even AR & VR. Big thanks to UNESCO for pulling this together.
6. Why is OER unused & unloved?
It’s not that we don’t have enough OER resources or funding. Millions have been poured into this, by the EU and many others, but much of it remains unused and unloved in repositories that more resemble unvisited graveyards than busy learning spaces. What went wrong? Well, first, there has been far too much emphasis on reusability by teachers, who have an in-built aversion to using anything but their own stuff - far better to target learners. Second, crap marketing. The most used open learning resources, and I mean hundreds of millions of users, are Wikipedia, YouTube, Khan Academy, MOOCs and so on. That’s because they’re easy to use, free at point of delivery, useful and living, breathing systems that have exemplary marketing – and let me repeat, aimed at learners. It comes as no surprise, that these are precisely the things educators seem to delight in rubbishing. It's the mindset that's the problem. That’s a shame.
Not a single session this year had the word ‘tablet’ in the title. This is heartening. The ‘keep on taking the tablets’ folk have disappeared as we get back to real learning and not an unhealthy obsession with often inappropriate, shiny objects. Enough said. For more on 'device fetishism' see here.
Heard this phrase a lot, although it is so often used in the sense of Blended TEACHING, not ‘learning’ i.e. let’s keep on doing what we’ve always done, with some adjunct online activity. Nevertheless ‘Blended’ has taken root, which I welcome. It’s a good heuristic starting point, as long as people do a proper analysis and start with solid data on the types of learning, learners and available resources.
Text, audio, graphics, animation, video, even VR are media types that have different advantages and disadvantages in online learning. When making learning materials and tools, so many ignore the research and lessons we’ve learned from past experience. We’ve had over 30 years of raw experience and need to listen to those who have trodden these paths before. Some good sessions on this, especially video, but I’d like to see a general session on all of them. For my own 100 tips on designing online learning see here.
Friends of Jay Cross (I was lucky enough to know him well), who passed away this year, got together for a celebration to his life. His legacy, that we put too much focus on formal teaching, courses, structures and institutions and not enough on informal learning, lives on. I wrote this piece on Jay two years ago and included him in my list of greats, when I did my 2500 years of learning session.
I missed Jay at Educa but he was there in spirit, especially at the dinner Rebecca held for us at Lutter, a beautiful old Berliner restaurant, where his friends did what friends do, reminisced, toasted and laughed into the wee hours – if you knew Jay, you’d know that was his style.
Lastly, thanks to Berlin for hosting my birthday. I was toasted with Schnapps at midnight by my Educa friends in one of Berlin’s oldest restaurants, had a Champagne breakfast, drank Champagne before heading out with my family for a birthday meal and ate chocolate cake delivered unexpectantly to my room by the hotel. Thanks also to our hilariously irreverent tour guide on the Berlin boat. He blew away my hangover when he invited us to knock on Merkel's door (as she does a great Kartoffelsuppe), ridiculed the guy who failed to finish the airport (if he visits your town, make sure he leaves), then had a go at lobbyists as we passed Parliament, the pampered kids of politicians as we passed their creche, German pop music (with outstretched arms he mimicked ‘our Celine Dion’ doing her wunderbar Christmas Album), local planners (we Germans love a good plan), rising Berlin rents due to rich property speculators.... he should be in stand-up. A well deserved tip was in order.
Have a Merry Xmas and happy New Year - see you all next year….. or for E-learning Africa in Cairo.
The recent European refugee crisis saw catastrophic political failure in the EU. We neither prepared nor executed a rational and sensible response. It showed fundamental problems with the whole EU vision. At National level it was just as bad. The response was walls, fences, barbed wire and police. Government departments, even in places used to large numbers of refugees were overwhelmed. Beyond this has been the failure to adequately integrate past refugees leaving them marginalised and capable of horrific acts of terror born of resentment and revenge. We have not provided vocational education and jobs in enough numbers to integrate refugees, whether in the past or present. Our institutions are too large and inflexible, especially in education, to provide for the employment needs of so many people. We need to be far more agile.
Technology has the ability to decentralise, disintermediate and democratise knowledge and services. It has speed, scalability and saving money on its side. You can get directly to refugees, as well as allowing them to get to you. This is not to say that it is the only solution. That would be blinkered. But it is a useful tactic within an overall strategy. So let’s see how technology can be used to alleviate what is one of the great political problems of our age.
There was a furore when refugees were pictured with smartphones. How dare they ask for our help when they can afford such things? Yet this simply showed the gulf between perception and reality. The mobile phone is a lifeline in countries from which the refugees came. In the Middle East, a way of existing within a society that has rules about physical social contact; in Africa, the means by which one can get work, transfer money and keep in touch. A mobile phone is a lifeline for refugees. They are, after all, on the move – mobile.
That’s why we must focus on this device when we think of technology as a solution to many (not all) refugee problems. Whether it be biometrics, data collection, money, language and finding information. Mobile should be the device of choice when it comes to integration and fostering autonomy in refugees.
To this end we have useful initiatives, such as zero tariffs for key information and services, as well as connectivity movements such as the Humanitarian Connectivity Charter (HMCC), that tries to open channels to prepare and respond to humanitarian crises.
To deliver effective solutions to problems, you need to know the scale of the problem and authentic identification is essential. We have seen refugees remove skin from their fingers to evade fingerprinting but the bottom line here, is that identification is necessary, even more so since the Paris bombings. This is an area in which technology excels; fingerprints, retinal, iris, face recognition, voice recognition even vein recognition. A combination of these techniques is even better.
So far, so good. But the real problems have only just started. The first big need when refugees find their destination, is orientation. Where do they find services, legal, health, education, language classes and so on. It can be bewildering, even frightening, arriving in a strange city in a strange country, where you do not speak the language.
One of the best examples of an agile solution to this problem is in Berlin, where the refugees themselves have created a simple map, in English, Arabic and Farsi, with the location of key services. This is crowd-sourced and a great example of an agile project that empowers the refugees themselves, to help themselves, rather than the top-down approach.
Hackathons aim to get real results in a short time, focused on real and immediate needs. To get useable results there needs to be the quick and exact definition of ideas. These are then executed by mixed teams, with a variety of necessary skills, to lead to success.
When refugees arrive in great numbers, it creates the possibility of chaos and confusion. One hacked project that results in a solution to an immediate need was a number queuing system for LAGeSo (Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales) the first contact centre for refugees in Berlin.
Refugees, who themselves speak a variety of languages, are likely to find themselves in countries where they do not speak the language. Even the second language they do speak may not be the language they need in their new host country.
Intensive tutor-led classes are expensive, difficult to organise and competent teachers may be hard to find. One solution is to produce or reuse existing free online learning such as Duolingo and MOOCs.
Duolingo is free, with over 100 million users and teaches Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, German, Dutch, French, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish and others….
The IELTS test (International English Language Testing System) is the world’s most popular English language test for global migration. Over 9,000 organisations worldwide accept it; universities, employers, immigration authorities and professional bodies. Last year over 2.2 million tests were completed. This MOOC, the largest ever, had more than 440,000 learners from over 150 counties enrolled.
Another good example is the British Council ‘s free “Exploring English: Language and Culture’ MOOC. It has had 326,000 enrolments to date.
Youth unemployment is the one thing we want to avoid with refugees. The way to avoid future disenchantment is fruitful employment. Academic structures, timescales and current vocational options are not good enough. Single course entry points are not enough. If you arrive in October, it is bizarre to have to wait almost a year to enter a formal course. Their needs are much more immediate and dynamic. The academic, agricultural calendar is ridiculous and the rigid layers in the system, make it far too difficult to cope with outsiders.
The solution is clearly online courses or at least blended courses with large online components.
Unicef is developing a programme called the “Virtual School for Education in Crises” (or Sahabati – My Cloud – in Arabic), which will offer courses, assessments and certification in Arabic, English, Maths and science. In a study from the University of Geneva, 78% of refugees reported they would definitely do an online course – for all, this was their first experience of distance learning.
The great problem many economies face is unemployed young men. The suburbs of our cities are filling up with young men who lose faith and look for a purpose in life beyond even life itself.
We could go a lot further by offering cheaper, online degrees in practical, vocational, employment oriented subjects. Online degrees from the likes of IDI have multiple intakes a year and can deliver anywhere. | 2019-04-23T02:21:24Z | http://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com/2015/12/ |
How small can a carbon nanotube get before it stops being ‘electrical’?
Carbon nanotubes bound for electronics not only need to be as clean as possible to maximize their utility in next-generation nanoscale devices, but contact effects may limit how small a nano device can be, according to researchers at the Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI) at Swansea University [UK] in collaboration with researchers at Rice University [US].
ESRI Director Andrew Barron, also a professor at Rice University in the USA, and his team have figured out how to get nanotubes clean enough to obtain reproducible electronic measurements and in the process not only explained why the electrical properties of nanotubes have historically been so difficult to measure consistently, but have shown that there may be a limit to how “nano” future electronic devices can be using carbon nanotubes.
Like any normal wire, semiconducting nanotubes are progressively more resistant to current along their length. But conductivity measurements of nanotubes over the years have been anything but consistent. The ESRI team wanted to know why.
They discovered that hard-to-remove contaminants — leftover iron catalyst, carbon and water — could easily skew the results of conductivity tests. Burning them away, Barron said, creates new possibilities for carbon nanotubes in nanoscale electronics.
The new study appears in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters.
The researchers first made multiwalled carbon nanotubes between 40 and 200 nanometers in diameter and up to 30 microns long. They then either heated the nanotubes in a vacuum or bombarded them with argon ions to clean their surfaces.
They tested individual nanotubes the same way one would test any electrical conductor: By touching them with two probes to see how much current passes through the material from one tip to the other. In this case, their tungsten probes were attached to a scanning tunneling microscope.
In clean nanotubes, resistance got progressively stronger as the distance increased, as it should. But the results were skewed when the probes encountered surface contaminants, which increased the electric field strength at the tip. And when measurements were taken within 4 microns of each other, regions of depleted conductivity caused by contaminants overlapped, further scrambling the results.
“We think this is why there’s such inconsistency in the literature,” Barron said.
Annealing the nanotubes in a vacuum above 200 degrees Celsius (392 degrees Fahrenheit) reduced surface contamination, but not enough to eliminate inconsistent results, they found. Argon ion bombardment also cleaned the tubes, but led to an increase in defects that degrade conductivity.
Ultimately they discovered vacuum annealing nanotubes at 500 degrees Celsius (932 Fahrenheit) reduced contamination enough to accurately measure resistance, they reported.
To now, Barron said, engineers who use nanotube fibers or films in devices modify the material through doping or other means to get the conductive properties they require. But if the source nanotubes are sufficiently decontaminated, they should be able to get the right conductivity by simply putting their contacts in the right spot.
Chris Barnett of Swansea is lead author of the paper. Co-authors are Cathren Gowenlock and Kathryn Welsby, and Rice alumnus Alvin Orbaek White of Swansea. Barron is the Sêr Cymru Chair of Low Carbon Energy and Environment at Swansea and the Charles W. Duncan Jr.–Welch Professor of Chemistry and a professor of materials science and nanoengineering at Rice.
The Welsh Government Sêr Cymru National Research Network in Advanced Engineering and Materials, the Sêr Cymru Chair Program, the Office of Naval Research and the Robert A. Welch Foundation supported the research.
Rice University has published a January 4, 2018 Rice University news release (also on EurekAlert), which is almost (95%) identical to the press release from Swansea. That’s a bit unusual as collaborating institutions usually like to focus on their unique contributions to the research, hence, multiple news/press releases.
Dexter Johnson, in a January 11, 2018 post on his Nanoclast blog (on the IEEE [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers] website, adds a detail or two while writing in an accessible style.
This entry was posted in electronics, nanotechnology and tagged [Wales] Sêr Cymru Chair Program, [Wales] Sêr Cymru National Research Network in Advanced Engineering and Materials, Alvin Orbaek White, Andrew Barron, Andrew R. Barron, carbon nanotubes, Cathren E. Gowenlock, Chris J. Barnett, CNTs, conductivity measurements, Dexter Johnson, Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), IEEE, Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Kathryn Welsby, Rice University, Robert A. Welch Foundation, Spatial and Contamination-Dependent Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Swansea University, UK, US, US Office of Naval Research, Wales on March 30, 2018 by Maryse de la Giroday.
April 2018 is shaping up to be quite the month where art/sci events are concerned. I just published a March 27, 2018 posting titled ‘Curiosity collides with the quantum and with the Science Writers and Communicators of Canada in Vancouver (Canada)‘ and I’ve now received news about more happenings in Toronto and Ottawa. Plus, there’s a science-themed meeting organized by ARPICO (Society of Italian Researchers &; Professionals in Western Canada) featuring brains and brain imaging in Vancouver.
I am interested in self-organized, emergent patterns and textures. I make images of patterns both from the natural world and of experiments in my laboratory in the Department of Physics at the University of Toronto. Patterns naturally attract casual attention but are also the subject of serious scientific research. Some things just evolve all by themselves into strikingly regular shapes and textures. Why? These shapes emerge spontaneously from a dynamic process of growing, folding, cracking, wrinkling, branching, flowing and other kinds of morphological development. My photos are informed by the scientific aesthetic of nonlinear physics, and celebrate the subtle interplay of order and complexity in emergent patterns. They are a kind of “Scientific Folk Art” of the science of Emergence.
While the official opening is April 5, 2018, the event itself runs from April 1 – 30, 2018.
Next, there’s another March 27, 2018 announcement (received via email) from the Art/Sci Salon but this one concerns a series of talks about ’emergence’, Note: Some of the event information was a little difficult to decipher so I’ve added a note to the relevant section).
Nature teems with self-organized forms that seem to spring spontaneously from the smooth background of things, by mechanisms that are not always apparent. Think of rippled sand on a beach or regular stripes in the clouds. Plants, insects and animals exhibit spirals and spots and stripes in an exuberant riot of colours. Fluid flows in amazingly regular swirls and eddies. The emergence of form is ubiquitous, and presents a challenge and an inspiration to both artists and scientists. In mathematics, patterns appear as solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations in the continuum limit of classical physics, chemistry and biology. In the arts and humanities, “emergent form” addresses the entangled ways in which humans, plants animals, microorganisms inevitably co-exist in the universe; the way that human intervention and natural transformation can generate new landscapes and new forms of life.
With Emergent Form, we want to question the idea of a fixed world.
For us, Emergent Form is not just a series of natural and human phenomena too complicated to understand, measure or predict, but also a concept to help us identify ways in which we can come to term with, and embrace their complexity as a source of inspiration.
Join us in Toronto and Ottawa for a series of interdisciplinary discussions, performances and exhibitions on Emergent Form on Apr 10, 11, 12 (Toronto) and Apr. 14 (Ottawa).
I wonder if some of the funding from Italy is in support of Italian Research in World Day. This is the inaugural year for the event, which will be held annually on April 15.
Our second speaking event of the year, in collaboration with the Consulate General of Italy in Vancouver, has been scheduled for Wednesday, April 11th, 2018 at the Roundhouse Community Centre. Professor Vesna Sossi’s talk will be examining how positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has contributed to better understanding of the brain function and disease with particular focus on Parkinson’s disease. You can read a summary of Prof. Sossi’s lecture as well as her short professional biography at the bottom of this message.
This event is organized in collaboration with the Consulate General of Italy in Vancouver to celebrate the newly instituted Italian Research in the World Day, as part of the Piano Straordinario “Vivere all’Italiana” – Giornata della ricerca Italiana nel mondo. You can read more on our website event page.
Please register for the event by visiting the EventBrite link or RSVPing to [email protected].
If you have not yet RSVP’d, please do so on our EventBrite page.
Further details are also available at arpico.ca, our facebook page, and Eventbrite.
Brain illness, comprising neurological disorders, mental illness and addiction, is considered the major health challenge in the 21st century with a socio-economic cost greater than cancer and cardiovascular disease combined. There are at least three unique challenges hampering brain disease management: relative inaccessibility, disease onset often preceding the onset of clinical symptoms by many years and overlap between clinical and pathological symptoms that makes accurate disease identification often difficult. This talk will give examples of how positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has contributed to better understanding of the brain function and disease with particular focus on Parkinson’s disease. Emphasis will be placed on the interplay between scientific discoveries and instrumentation and data analysis development as exemplified by the current understanding of the brain function as comprised by interactions between connectivity networks and neurochemistry and advancement in multi-modal imaging such as simultaneous PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Vesna Sossi is a Professor in the University of British Columbia (UBC) Physics and Astronomy Department and at the UBC Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health. She directs the UBC Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging centre, which is known for its use of imaging as applied to neurodegeneration with emphasis on Parkinson’s disease. Her main areas of interest comprise development of imaging methods to enhance the investigation of neurochemical mechanisms that lead to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and mechanisms that contribute to treatment-related complications. She uses PET imaging to explore how alterations of the different neurotransmitter systems contribute to different trajectories of disease progression. Her other areas of interest are PET image analysis, instrumentation and multi-modal, multi-parameter data analysis. She published more than 180 peer review papers, is funded by several granting agencies, including the Michael J Fox Foundation, and sits on several national and international review panels.
Nearly a quarter (23 per cent) said they would use Facebook less in the future, and 41 per cent of users said they would check and/or change their privacy settings.
The survey also found that one in 10 say they plan to abandon the platform, at least temporarily.
Facebook has been under fire for its ability to protect user privacy after Cambridge Analytica was accused of lifting the Facebook profiles of more than 50 million users without their permission.
Do make sure to check out Pier Luigi Capucci’s EU-based (but with international breadth) Noemalab platform. https://noemalab.eu/ since the mid-nineties, this platform has been an important node of information for New Media Art and the relation between the arts and science.
Capucci has been writing several reflections on emergent forms of Life and theorized what he called the “third life”. See a recent essay https://noemalab.eu/memo/events/evolutionary-creativity-the-inner-life-and-meaning-of-art/ here is a picture which I would love him to explain during Emergent Form. Intrigued? come listen to him!
This entry was posted in medicine, science, science communication, Vancouver, Visual Art and tagged Aalto University, Accademia di Belle Arti Urbino, addiction, Anatomy of an Interconnected System, Anatomy of an Interconnected SystemA Performative Lecturre, Angela Schoellig, Antje Budde, ARPICO (Society of Italian Researchers & Professionals in Western Canada), art/sci, Art/Sci Salon, art/science, arts, biology, brain function, brain illness, BYOR (Bring your own Robot), Canada, Charles Sowers, chemistry, classical physics, Consulate General of Italy, Corpus Nil. A Ritual of Birth for a Modified Body, Curiosity collides with the quantum and with the Science Writers and Communicators of Canada in Vancouver (Canada), Digital Dramaturgy Lab, Dispersion Lab, Doug van Nort, Dynamic Systems Lab, Emergent Form, Emergent Form and complex phenomena, emergent patterns, emergent patterns and textures, Exploratorium, Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Science, humanities, Imaging: A Window into the Brain, Istituto Italiano di Cultura, Italian Embassy, Italian Research in World Day, Jane Tingley, LAB dance: Blitz media posters on labs in the arts sciences and engineering, Luigi Capucci, Marco Donnarumma, Margherita Pevere, mental illness, multi-modal imaging, neurochemistry, neurological disorders, Noemalab, nonlinear partial differential equations, nonlinear physics, Ottawa, Parkinson's Disease, Performing AI hybrid media and humans in/as technology, Piano Straordinario Vivere all'Italiana - Giornata della ricerca Italiana nel mondo, Pier Luigi Capucci, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, Roberta Buiani, Ron Wild, science of Emergence, Scientific Folk Art, self-organized, self-organized forms, simultaneous PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), smART Maps, Society of Italian Researchers and Professionals in Western Canada (ARPICO), Stephen Morris, Stratford User Research & Gameful Experiences Lab (SURGE), Toronto, TorontobiopoetriX - conFiGURing AI, UBC Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Toronto, University of Waterloo, Vesna Sossi, York University on March 29, 2018 by Maryse de la Giroday.
Shiffman about lessons learned from a life obsessed with sharks.
I dug up a bit more about Shiffman; he has his own website, a Twitter feed, and a number of blog postings at southernfriedscience.com.
This entry was posted in science, science communication, Vancouver and tagged Cafe Scientifique, David Shiffman, Everything I Needed To Know In Life I Learned From a Shark, marine biology, SFU, shark fisheries, Simon Fraser University on March 26, 2018 by Maryse de la Giroday.
Artificial intelligence [AI] can already predict the future. Police forces are using it to map when and where crime is likely to occur [Note: See my Nov. 23, 2017 posting about predictive policing in Vancouver for details about the first Canadian municipality to introduce the technology]. Doctors can use it to predict when a patient is most likely to have a heart attack or stroke. Researchers are even trying to give AI imagination so it can plan for unexpected consequences.
IBM’s attempt to promote its supercomputer programme to cancer doctors (Watson for Onology) was a PR [public relations] disaster. The AI promised to deliver top-quality recommendations on the treatment of 12 cancers that accounted for 80% of the world’s cases. As of today, over 14,000 patients worldwide have received advice based on its calculations.
Vyacheslav Polonski (@slavacm) is a DPhil [PhD] student at the Oxford Internet Institute. His research interests are located at the intersection of network science, media studies and social psychology. Vyacheslav’s doctoral research examines the adoption and use of social network sites, focusing on the effects of social influence, social cognition and identity construction.
Vyacheslav is a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University and a Global Shaper at the World Economic Forum. He was awarded the Master of Science degree with Distinction in the Social Science of the Internet from the University of Oxford in 2013. He also obtained the Bachelor of Science degree with First Class Honours in Management from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) in 2012.
Vyacheslav was honoured at the British Council International Student of the Year 2011 awards, and was named UK’s Student of the Year 2012 and national winner of the Future Business Leader of the Year 2012 awards by TARGETjobs.
Previously, he has worked as a management consultant at Roland Berger Strategy Consultants and gained further work experience at the World Economic Forum, PwC, Mars, Bertelsmann and Amazon.com. Besides, he was involved in several start-ups as part of the 2012 cohort of Entrepreneur First and as part of the founding team of the London office of Rocket Internet. Vyacheslav was the junior editor of the bi-lingual book ‘Inspire a Nation‘ about Barack Obama’s first presidential election campaign. In 2013, he was invited to be a keynote speaker at the inaugural TEDx conference of IE University in Spain to discuss the role of a networked mindset in everyday life.
Vyacheslav is fluent in German, English and Russian, and is passionate about new technologies, social entrepreneurship, philanthropy, philosophy and modern art.
Polonski doesn’t seem to have any experience dealing with, participating in, or studying the medical community. Getting a doctor to admit that his or her approach to a particular patient’s condition was wrong or misguided runs counter to their training and, by extension, the institution of medicine. Also, one of the biggest problems in any field is getting people to change and it’s not always about trust. In this instance, you’re asking a doctor to back someone else’s opinion after he or she has rendered theirs. This is difficult even when the other party is another human doctor let alone a form of artificial intelligence.
Davontae Sanford was 14 years old when he confessed to murdering four people in a drug house on Detroit’s East Side. Left alone with detectives in a late-night interrogation, Sanford says he broke down after being told he could go home if he gave them “something.” On the advice of a lawyer whose license was later suspended for misconduct, Sanders pleaded guilty in the middle of his March 2008 trial and received a sentence of 39 to 92 years in prison.
Davontae Sanford, meanwhile, remained behind bars, locked up for crimes he very clearly didn’t commit.
Police failed to turn over all the relevant information in Smothers’ confession to Sanford’s legal team, as the law required them to do. When that information was leaked in 2009, Sanford’s attorneys sought to reverse his conviction on the basis of actual innocence. Wayne County Prosecutor Kym Worthy fought back, opposing the motion all the way to the Michigan Supreme Court. In 2014, the court sided with Worthy, ruling that actual innocence was not a valid reason to withdraw a guilty plea [emphasis mine]. Sanford would remain in prison for another two years.
Doctors are just as invested in their opinions and professional judgments as lawyers (just like the prosecutor and the judges on the Michigan Supreme Court) are.
Having input into the AI decision-making process somewhat addresses one of the problems but the commitment to one’s own judgment even when there is overwhelming evidence to the contrary is a perennially thorny problem. The legal case mentioned here earlier is clearly one where the contrarian is wrong but it’s not always that obvious. As well, sometimes, people who hold out against the majority are right.
U.S. Army Research Laboratory [ARL] scientists developed ways to improve collaboration between humans and artificially intelligent agents in two projects recently completed for the Autonomy Research Pilot Initiative supported by the Office of Secretary of Defense. They did so by enhancing the agent transparency [emphasis mine], which refers to a robot, unmanned vehicle, or software agent’s ability to convey to humans its intent, performance, future plans, and reasoning process.
“As machine agents become more sophisticated and independent, it is critical for their human counterparts to understand their intent, behaviors, reasoning process behind those behaviors, and expected outcomes so the humans can properly calibrate their trust [emphasis mine] in the systems and make appropriate decisions,” explained ARL’s Dr. Jessie Chen, senior research psychologist.
The U.S. Defense Science Board, in a 2016 report, identified six barriers to human trust in autonomous systems, with ‘low observability, predictability, directability and auditability’ as well as ‘low mutual understanding of common goals’ being among the key issues.
In order to address these issues, Chen and her colleagues developed the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency, or SAT, model and measured its effectiveness on human-agent team performance in a series of human factors studies supported by the ARPI. The SAT model deals with the information requirements from an agent to its human collaborator in order for the human to obtain effective situation awareness of the agent in its tasking environment. At the first SAT level, the agent provides the operator with the basic information about its current state and goals, intentions, and plans. At the second level, the agent reveals its reasoning process as well as the constraints/affordances that the agent considers when planning its actions. At the third SAT level, the agent provides the operator with information regarding its projection of future states, predicted consequences, likelihood of success/failure, and any uncertainty associated with the aforementioned projections.
In one of the ARPI projects, IMPACT, a research program on human-agent teaming for management of multiple heterogeneous unmanned vehicles, ARL’s experimental effort focused on examining the effects of levels of agent transparency, based on the SAT model, on human operators’ decision making during military scenarios. The results of a series of human factors experiments collectively suggest that transparency on the part of the agent benefits the human’s decision making and thus the overall human-agent team performance. More specifically, researchers said the human’s trust in the agent was significantly better calibrated — accepting the agent’s plan when it is correct and rejecting it when it is incorrect– when the agent had a higher level of transparency.
The other project related to agent transparency that Chen and her colleagues performed under the ARPI was Autonomous Squad Member, on which ARL collaborated with Naval Research Laboratory scientists. The ASM is a small ground robot that interacts with and communicates with an infantry squad. As part of the overall ASM program, Chen’s group developed transparency visualization concepts, which they used to investigate the effects of agent transparency levels on operator performance. Informed by the SAT model, the ASM’s user interface features an at a glance transparency module where user-tested iconographic representations of the agent’s plans, motivator, and projected outcomes are used to promote transparent interaction with the agent. A series of human factors studies on the ASM’s user interface have investigated the effects of agent transparency on the human teammate’s situation awareness, trust in the ASM, and workload. The results, consistent with the IMPACT project’s findings, demonstrated the positive effects of agent transparency on the human’s task performance without increase of perceived workload. The research participants also reported that they felt the ASM as more trustworthy, intelligent, and human-like when it conveyed greater levels of transparency.
Chen and her colleagues are currently expanding the SAT model into bidirectional transparency between the human and the agent.
“Bidirectional transparency, although conceptually straightforward–human and agent being mutually transparent about their reasoning process–can be quite challenging to implement in real time. However, transparency on the part of the human should support the agent’s planning and performance–just as agent transparency can support the human’s situation awareness and task performance, which we have demonstrated in our studies,” Chen hypothesized.
The challenge is to design the user interfaces, which can include visual, auditory, and other modalities, that can support bidirectional transparency dynamically, in real time, while not overwhelming the human with too much information and burden.
This entry was posted in robots, science, Technology and tagged AI, Anthony R. Selkowitz, artificial intelligence, artificially intelligent agents, Autonomous Squad Member (ASM), Autonomy Research Pilot Initiative, bidirectional transparency, Davontae Sanford, DOD, human-agent team performance, IBM, IMPACT, Jessie Chen, Jessie Y.C. Chen, Julia L. Wright, Kimberly Stowers, Lara Bazelon, machine agents, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michael Barnes, predictive policing, Shan G. Lakhmani, Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model, Situation Awareness-based Agent Transparency and Human-Autonomy Teaming Effectiveness, supercomputer, University of Oxford, University of San Francisco, unmanned vehicles, US Army, US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), US Defense Science Board, US Department of Defense, US Naval Research Laboratory, Vyacheslav Polonski, Watson, Watson for Onology on March 26, 2018 by Maryse de la Giroday. | 2019-04-20T22:17:39Z | https://www.frogheart.ca/?m=201803 |
You’ve got tickets for EuroSTAR. You’ve got your passport sorted (assuming you need it). You’re looking forward to getting to the event and kicking about with other rock-stars of testing.
But aaaarrggghh – you’ve never been to a big conference before, let alone EuroSTAR and you’re now a little worried you’ll not get the most from it.
You’re worried that you’ll miss out on crucial conversations.
You’re worried that you’ll be all alone in the evening or maybe you’ve just not got your plans sorted for what you’re going to do at the event.
Maybe you’re just not sure what to expect?
What follows is a very quick guide (very quick indeed – I wrote it in 20 minutes) to getting the most from a EuroSTAR conference.
I’m no seasoned EuroSTAR veteran but I’m slowly clocking up conference trips and learning from each one I attend.
This guide is my way of sharing a few hints and tips with you before EuroSTAR kicks off.
Enjoying your conference means ensuring you’re focused on it.
One common distraction to your enjoyment can be travel details and worries.
If you’re travel is sorted, planned and achievable you can focus on the important task of conferencing.
Conversations outside of the presentations are where an array of opinions is communicated.
It’s a chance to find out more from others, share your view or simply sit back and soak up the dialogue.
You’ll also get to connect to people, meet people from very different contexts to yours and enjoy the serendipity that comes from simply chatting to people you don’t know.
Most people in the community are more approachable than you might think.
Many will spend the time to get to know you.
Some will only spend time getting to know you until they find out you can’t help them, offer any work their way or you disagree with a well reasoned argument to their core ideas. They’ll make their excuses and go. Good. You’ll be glad of that fact and you can move on and find someone more interesting.
The interest conversations are happening all over.
There’s a Tribe for you somewhere. There will be groups of people gathering to discuss the Waterfall methodology and it’s merits, agile, exploratory, context driven testing, lean and anything else you care to talk about.
There is guaranteed to be someone at the conference who you’ll get on with – your main challenge is finding them. Social media can help greatly, but so too can just talking to people.
What????? Testing at a testing conference?
It’s definitely worth getting to the Test Lab. It’s the best way to learn about testing.
It’s also a welcoming and friendly area to chill out and people-watch if that’s what you want to do.
I spend a lot of time in The Test Lab – I’m not sure if that’s a good advert for it or not.
In previous years it has been hard to find the Test Lab. Two years ago I walked around for at least 6 hours trying to find it. This year I expect it’s going to be super easy to find. Great – because it’s the best place to get mingling, learn some testing and share your testing with others.
If you go to a conference and come away having not spoken to anyone else then you’ve missed a trick.
Networking at a conference is great fun.
It’s a great chance to meet people.
It’s not about smarming your way around people, slipping business cards in to peoples pockets, laughing at bad jokes and generally being a “smooth operator”.
It’s about meeting people, chatting, making connections, putting faces to people you know on social networks and seeing where the action of talking to other testers may lead you.
No conference can function without some sort of funding.
Typically the funding comes from a number of sources, one being vendors who demo their goods and services.
The expo centre at EuroSTAR is always impressive. There’s always a chance to meet vendors who sell stuff you like, stuff that makes you rage and stuff that’s cool but not suited.
There are always product demos and interesting giveaways so wander around, chat to people, seek out new tools/approaches and seek out new connections.
The vendors are partly ensuring you get conferences to go to. Without them you might be spending the week at work instead – it’s worth taking the time to say “hi” to them all.
These are the central focus of a conference.
Most conferences have some sessions that won’t float your boat.
Most conferences have sessions that will awe and inspire.
The EuroSTAR lineup this year looks great.
Download the lineup, highlight the ones you want to get to and figure out a plan for the few days.
There is a lot going on at EuroSTAR so ensure you save some time to visit the Test Lab and the community stuff that’s happening too.
Pre-planning will give you a greater chance of finding a session that suits your needs.
I’m a geek so I’ve got an electronic copy with various sessions highlighted and clashes and potential conflicts. If you’re normal then just grab a paper copy at the conference and a pen and get circling.
If you head back to the hotel after the conference and don’t mingle with others then you could be missing a treat.
Sure, socialising is not for everyone. Some people are shyer than others, but to not spend the time socialising is to miss out on the networking, conversations and potential friendships that can form.
Some of my good friends have been people I have met at conferences. There are some people who I only get to see each year at conferences but it’s like we’ve known each other for years.
The social side of a conference, for me, is the most important side. It’s a chance to find like-minded people, or people to argue with, or people to sit and chat to about all sorts.
It’s not always a load of testers sitting and talking about testing, it can be more or less. It’s whatever you make of it, but to skip the socialising is to miss out on the real insights, learning and value of a conference.
Being at a conference without a bag full of things that you need is upsetting, frustrating and annoying.
Planning before hand and keeping a checklist of things to pack each day is a good idea.
At EuroSTAR there are water stations, regular tea and coffee sessions and the typical amenities but it pays to take the things you need to keep you going.
This could be medication, more water, food, pen and paper, chargers for gadgets, business cards, and layers of clothing.
Whatever you need. Get it packed and your day will be more comfortable.
Despite being highly involved in many communities and social activities I often need to get away and get some peace.
If it’s getting too busy or you need to reset your head then find some space, chillax for a while and get yourself centered again.
Take notes – loads of them.
Jot down stuff you like, stuff that inspires you, new ideas or approaches, new tools, people who rock, people who don’t rock and whatever else you’ll think you might like to note down.
Use whatever system works for you; notebook, camera phone, Evernote, mind map. Whatever.
And share your notes if you think the community will benefit.
If you do nothing else with the notes then please do seek me out (@rob_lambert on Twitter) to share your note taking method. I’m doing a long-term study on note taking and learning and would love to know what system you use.
One of the most frustrating things when organising an event is to receive no feedback on how it went.
Just as bad is to receive “meh” feedback – this is feedback where everything was “good” or “ok”.
This is not useful either unless of course everything really was “ok”.
If you’re enjoying the event, then tell the organisers.
If you’re not enjoying it, then tell the organisers.
Without feedback no one can change the things that are niggling you, no one can change things for the next time and no one has a solid idea of what is working and what isn’t.
If you’re that way inclined then join the online social streams.
The “#esconfs” hash tag on Twitter is a good place to start.
This will give you the tweets that have included this hash tag. It’s a way for tweeters to share content relevant to certain audiences.
Join in the conversation and take the time to try and find the peeps that are tweeting.
Follow the blogs that will be spawning from the event.
People like Markus Gartner are legendary in their ability to publish a blog post about a session before the crowd has even left the room. Live Blogging is a powerful technique to aid learning too and also a chance to open social connections.
Contribute to the social stream too. There are often many people who are not at the event following the stream. Join in the conversation and put your thoughts in the mix.
Of course, if you don’t do the social networking then you can still have a cracking time. It just gives you an added dimension of interaction should you wish to get involved.
I’ve not yet been to a EuroSTAR event where the food didn’t rock.
If you like food (I do) then dig in.
If you fancy getting all trussed up in your smart gear then why not head to the Gala Dinner on the Wednesday evening.
I’ve not yet ever been to one (I’m tight like that) but I might splash out this year to attend.
That way I get to dress up like James Bond (albeit a much fatter version), pretend that I’m sophisticated and blessed with elegance and charm, and then scoff posh nosh with the movers and shakers in the Testing world.
I’ve heard the food is going to be great and Zeger (program chair and all round good guy) has promised me there will be drinks in a bar after the gala too. Sorted.
I live in England. This means Amsterdam is in a foreign country. This means I can enjoy some culture.
It means I get to explore a different city, eat some different food and drink some different drinks.
Saying that, I know there are at least 30 fast food chain restaurants in and around the city centre so if that’s your bag, then that’s cool too.
I once went for a cultural weekend to Iceland with a large group of mates. Some of them spent the entire weekend in their tent drinking Vodka and eating peanuts – never to venture out to see anything of Iceland. They had a good time though apparently – so each to their own.
Take photos. Plenty of them.
Take photos of the venue, the speakers, the delegates, the food, the test lab, the city, the hotel – whatever (within reason).
You’ll look back on them in years to come and they will trigger memories.
Memories of people who may no longer be with us, people who made you laugh, people who made you cry, conversations that are forever lodged in the deep recesses of your brain, ideas about testing and hopefully – good times.
I looked back on some photos of EuroSTAR 2010 the other day and it brought back many memories.
Although you are at EuroSTAR to learn stuff, network and gain insights to testing it’s also important to have fun.
The easiest way to have fun is to not take your-self too seriously.
Taking yourself less seriously can be tricky.
Some people achieve this by dressing up in Fancy Dress, others through a genuinely natural ability to find anything funny and some through a lot of hard work and forced dis-comfort.
If you’re finding having fun at a conference tough, and I know there are many reasons why people will find having fun at a conference tough, then don’t despair.
Seek out some like-minded people, join a small huddle, chat to smiley people and seek out the activities that you find relaxing.
You need to do what is right for you, don’t feel pressured and if it’s all getting too much then find some space to reset your mind.
It pays to empty your head when it’s getting full.
Spending a few minutes resetting or emptying your head can often help you find the space and energy to have some fun.
Feel free to seek me out and laugh at my fashion sense if that will help you have fun.
This might not apply to everyone but I suspect that many people attending EuroSTAR are part of a wider team than just you.
In which case it would be rude not to share what you’ve learned with your team. Therefore it’s important to think about how you are going to share your experiences.
What a rubbish experience report.
When you plan how you’re going to articulate your experience to others you start to absorb, filter and accommodate a whole new level of insights.
It makes you think about the event. It makes you live in the moment. It makes you listen.
I’ve ignored this advice before.
I’ve stood on a train with random people saying “Hi Rob” before.
I once took nothing but smart wear to a conference. I was so uncomfortable.
The next conference I attended I took nothing but casual wear and I felt woefully scruffy.
Dress as you feel comfortable. EuroSTAR is not a shirt and tie conference, but there are events and meet-ups that may require smart dress, and don’t forget; you are always representing you and your brand (your company or yourself).
The weather for the conference is looking like it might be wet but mild (mild depends on what you’re used to though) so dress appropriately.
I’ll be taking a raincoat, hat, gloves and fancy dress outfit (I’m trying to take myself less seriously this year).
It is very easy indeed to get lured in to the late nights and early mornings only to find you’re a mess during the day.
Look after yourself as best you can, you’ll find you get a lot more enjoyment from the conference.
One of the main things to do when taking notes at a conference is to ensure you differentiate between notes and straightforward actions.
Actions are things you need to do.
They are tangible things that can be completed.
Actions are things you’ve identified as things you want to do, it would be an awful shame to lose them in a sea of notes.
Use whatever mechanism suits you.
I find a capital A in a circle next to the action is enough to identify these bad boys. People use other symbols, some people use dedicated tools.
Do what suits you best but remember – you highlighted it as an action for a reason, best not to file it away and never see it again.
Business cards are still the de-facto way of weighing down everyone you meet with pieces of card and paper. I’m a fan of social connections like Twitter and LinkedIn but the modern world is still relying on business cards.
Don’t hand them out to EVERYONE.
Why give one to that person selling that service that makes your blood boil? Don’t do it.
Don’t give them out to someone before you’ve even said hello to them – that’s presumptuous.
Make your cards count. Make sure they are easy to read, interesting and not covered in unnecessary details. Make them a representation of your personality if you can.
When you get a card from someone don’t pocket it and forget about it. When you’ve wandered away from the giver of the card, write some contextual details on the back of the card so it makes more sense in a few days or weeks time.
Was it a funny conversation you’ll remember? Jot it down.
Was it a cool tool with a wicked UI? Jot it down.
Were they wearing something funny or interesting? Jot it down.
Believe me, if you end up with more than about 8 business cards you’ll typically find that a number of them will draw a blank in your mind. Add context, but not whilst you’re actually talking to the person.
It’s always best to keep your business cards in a different place to other people’s cards you’ve received. I once gave out someone else’s business card instead of my own when they got all jumbled together.
Having no business cards is hard work if you intend to mingle. You’ll be forever looking for scraps of paper and pens.
The more you socialize at the event, the more you learn about testing.
That’s testing from the heart, testing from the people on the shop floor, testing from the people occupying a variety of contexts and testing from the people passionate enough about testing to share it with you.
It’s also a massive opportunity to make friends and meet interesting people.Now What?
I spent no more than about 1 hour putting this guide together. It might therefore be rubbish.
It comes with no claims of amazement – except in the closing “Now What” statement – but I made that statement up.
This guide is completely unofficial.
I wrote this to help others, to connect to others and to raise awareness of the conference.
I didn’t get paid for writing this guide. I wasn’t commissioned to write this by the peeps at EuroSTAR. It is not an official guide.
This guide can be used for most conferences. Some sections might not apply, but the general ideas are true for most.
If you want to share your note taking process then I’d love to hear about it. Connect with me at the event and we’ll link up.
Leave your blog link in the comments below. | 2019-04-19T17:21:24Z | https://conference.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/rob-lamberts-unofficial-guide-eurostar-2012/ |
It took about 8 months to put this guide on best sleep mask together. We first started working on this guide back in 2016, and it was first published in early 2017. We’ve been updating it on bi-monthly basis ever since.
The results you are about to see are the fruit of over 4,400 work-hours, both testing the masks and statistical analysis of user satisfaction.
It did take a while, but we believe that we now have the most complete guide to choosing a good sleep eye mask based on your preference (sleeping position and purpose of use).
The “raw” list included over 120 masks. It was narrowed down to 32 by two of our team members (Bob & Ivan, the former a Material technology engineer and the latter a sleep therapist). The products were then tested both by our featured testes and our staff (6 of us).
We want to make a special point that we did not receive any free products from any of the companies that could potentially cloud our objectivity.
The bottom line is that the picks & their ratings in 5 quality categories are objective, completely independent and regularly updated with new data to keep the information presented fresh. With that out of the way, let’s get to the results and analysis of specific products.
A good eye sleep mask does the job, but a great one does it seamlessly…in a way that will make you forget you’re wearing one. We have to confess that this is not our line, it’s a paraphrase that we saw when researching for this guide.
The part that we’d like to stress is the comfort ratings as per the side-sleepers among our testing crowd – 94/100. This came as a surprise because when it’s a “no-Velcro” mask. This means that the straps are regulated by straps and clasps (think swimming glasses).
The difference is that the placement and extra padding of the straps make it a non-issue (see the stats below).
Who will choose the Sweet Slumber?
First things first – the Sweet Slumber is more expensive than most masks, and it might not be right for you if you are looking to save money when getting a mask. However, the difference in price fades compared to its superiority if you are a side sleeper.
About 2 months into testing we realized just how tricky choosing a good eye sleep mask for side sleepers is.
To be a good choice for a side-sleeper the “body” of the mask can’t be too rigid (like contoured models based on foam). Side sleepers reported that these masks tend to move as they turn, which beats the purpose. From the budget and value “angle,” the good news here is that this eliminated some much more expensive contoured masks.
Finally, the straps should be tight enough and designed in a way to keep the mask safely into place without being uncomfortable.
Within 4 months, one mask started emerging as the product that stroke the right balance – the Sweet Slumber.
Bottom line – The Sweet Slumber is, hand down, the best sleep mask for side-sleepers and we don’t see that changing anytime soon. The gap in side-sleeping rating is too big…it was significant when we first published the guide, and it just got bigger since.
Update: This Alaska Bear model was somewhat changed since we first tested and reviewed it, so we had to re-test (an unscheduled test, we typically re-test products once every 18 months).
The main change was the body of the mask getting a bit smaller. That increased its ratings for side sleeping from 92 to 93, lowered the “Light isolation” rating from 92 to 91.
The ratings for back sleepers remained the same.
Who will choose the Alaska Bear?
If you are a combo-sleeper (side and back) and if you’re looking to get a budget-friendly mask, this Alaska Bear might be right.
It might be worth mentioning that we found the Alaska Bear to be just as gentle to the skin as products that cost 3 or 4 times more.
It is THE most popular mask with thousands of user reviews on Amazon – you can see them below.
To be honest, we expected the Nidra to be one of our top picks for sleep because the light isolation is unparalleled – rated at 96/100.
But, it turned out that side sleepers found it a bit too rigid (which caused movement) and a significant % of back sleepers found the Velcro connections at the back to be too noticeable.
The two factors lowered Nidra’s ratings and put it below the ratings of the Sweet Slumber & Alaska Bear in 3 quality categories: Overall Comfort, Side-sleeping & Back-sleeping.
Who will choose the Nidra?
Too many of our testers (18%) found the Nidra’s contoured shape to be an issue for side sleeping for us to recommend it for side sleepers. It also might not be right for you if you’re a hot sleeper because the “sealing” is so tight that it can get warm under it.
On the other hand, the issue for back sleepers is not as significant if your pillow is on the softer side and can nullify the connections at the back.
With all that said – Nidra is our top choice for travel and naps. For these purposes the two points above are moot.
Another point worth making is that the Comfort rating includes eye pressure as one of the components and its another quality aspect where Nidra excelled. The design practically removes all pressure from the eyes.
Another sleep eye mask that seems to strike the right balance between materials, padding, light isolation and strap design is the Jersey Slumber.
Jersey Slumber mask is made using smooth silk on both sides, no Velcro on the back or sides of the head that would create pressures points. The slider that controls the size is just seamless enough not to be an issue for side sleepers and, since there is no connection in the back, it’s a good option for back sleepers.
The size of the mask itself is, according to our measurements, approximately 8.6 x 4.3 inches and 9/10 people didn’t even comment on the universal unisex size, which is always a good thing. No comments usually means that it wasn’t an issue.
This is a thin silk mask (both sides) and thin padding. What we’ve seen as the most common complaint with masks of this type is pressure exerted. The issue can range from it being slightly uncomfortable because it touches the eyelashes to the more “serious” complaints like direct pressure on the eyes.
This comes down to the balance between the tightness of the straps, the size range and the padding. It’s not something that can be precisely defined and the best we could do here is include a question about it in our questionnaire for the testers. Here are the results of that – 91% of people reported no eye-pressure issues, 6 % found it to be too tight and 3% reported that it’s too small and loose for a comfortable fit.
What’s important here is that we tried to find a correlation between the %s and for most of the people we did – it’s usually outliers in terms of head size. For about 1.7%, we couldn’t pinpoint the exact cause, so it’s probably the shape of the bones around the eyes.
The bottom line here is that 9/10 people did not find any issues with the sizing and eye pressure.
The Bedtime Bliss is not close to the “side-sleeping” ratings of the best sleep masks for side sleepers but it is one of the most popular eye masks and our pick as the runner-up in the category of the best sleep masks for travel.
The reason for the former could be pinpointed to the contoured shape and hefty padding that is likely to move when you sleep on your side. In this scenario, a side-sleeper will find it uncomfortable because of the pressure on the nose and the light coming in through the “cracks” of the displaced masks.
It’s primarily designed for travel and back-sleepers. The wide straps make for better pressure distribution and the “molded” contoured shape blocks practically all the light.
The minimal unisex design makes it one of the better options for men (especially the blue version). Women, on the other hand, liked the luxurious look of the purple and there were interviewees of both sexes who preferred the simple all-black (approximately 25% total).
We also found that “only” 17% of stomach-sleepers found them comfortable enough for stomach-sleeping. It’s the contoured combo of cotton and bamboo that will make them (in our opinion) uncomfortable for most people sleeping in the position.
Bottom line – a solid value for money option for back-sleepers and travelers of both sexes with a high light isolation rating (94/100).
It’s also worth mentioning that this Bedtime Bliss eye mask is one of the most popular products with over 10,000 user reviews on Amazon. You can see them all by following the links below.
Manta sleep mask is described by the company as “modular.” It refers to the fact that it’s somewhat more intricate design aimed at adjusting to the face of the user.
To put it differently – we found it comfortable going to bed or at the beginning of travel but we also see the movable parts as an issue for long-term comfort. The count of those experiences (in-house and our featured testers) was few too many to justify the higher price tag of the Manta mask.
Let’s take a moment to explain what Manta (the company) means when they say “modular” and adjustable.
The first thing that stands out are the velcroed eye “patches” that can be moved to adjust to the shape of your head and the distance between your eyes and forehead bones above the eyes.
It’s a nice idea but we found it to be more marketing-oriented than a substantial advantage over one-piece masks.
Bottom line – we like the Manta mask but, to be honest, if it were us we wouldn’t pay double or three times as much for it (compared to some of the other products on this list).
This classic from Earth Therapeutics has been in the 10 top-rated masks since we first published the guide and reviewed the sleep mask.
To put that into perspective, along with the Alaskan Bear, Earth Therapeutics is the only brand that had a “representative in the Top 10 at all times since we first published the guide. In the case of Earth Therapeutics, it was this mask.
At the moment, this Earth Therapeutics costs slightly more than most products listed here – hence the slightly lowered rating in the “value for money” category.
What we did is look at what’s available out there and separated the wheat from the chaff.
Besides Holly Golightly, you might this style described as “Breakfast At Tiffany’s Sleep Mask.” Don’t get confused by the wording; there is no official product, it’s all separate brands.
One of the simplest and yet effective ways to block that unwanted light would be to try the sleep mask. And the best thing is that your body will still be able to produce Melatonin, a hormone that helps your body to fall asleep naturally, and let your brain goes through all stages of the sleeping cycle. In spite of the fact that it’s natural substance, it’s still a hormone and you can take too much of it and see side effects – you can see our guide on Melatonin overdose here.
Should You an eye mask?
Before exploring any other means of combating insomnia or simply pursuing a better night of sleep, you’ll probably want to explore the environmental factors and the role they play in your habits.
So, it’s a lane that might be worth pursuing, whether on its own of combined with other less “aggressive” means of getting a better nights sleep. Combined with good sleep earplugs, a mask can offer as isolating experience as possible.
The main downside users tend to report is their head and eyes being pressured and hair issues, especially with female users. That’s one the factors we looked at when we compiled the list of top masks. This quality aspect comes down to balance between the strength of the straps, their width and the way how much of this pressure is “relieved” by the shape of the mask itself.
Can You Use It if You Are a Side-sleeper?
If you are a side-sleeper, you may wonder if you will be able to sleep with one of these sleeping products on your face… and the answer is – yes, you will! You should choose the one that is flexible, and not the one that digs into your face. Most side-sleepers prefer a more streamlined mask profile so that it does not move that easily during the night.
When they think of choosing the best sleep mask, most people think of the one they had gotten when they were on an international flight, or of the stylish one you can see in some ads or magazines. But, today, there are so many different varieties to choose from. Yes, you can still describe them as a strip of fabric that covers your eyes, but special features make them more wearable and effective.
Fabric (soft and breathable): There is a wide variety of materials to choose from. Silk, satin, polyester, cotton, bamboo, and some of them are even embedded with copper. Since it is going to be directly on your face, you should choose a soft and breathable material. If your skin easily gets irritated by certain materials and fabrics, you should pay some special attention to it.When it comes to flat ones, pure silk will probably be the best option, especially during hot summer nights. And if you are using the one with cavities, it should still be soft and light, but also firm enough for the cups to stay elevated during the sleep.
Strap (adjustable): To fit heads of all sizes and shapes, the strap should be adjustable. It usually adjusts via Velcro or a buckle. If you have a long hair, choose the one with buckled straps – they will not tangle in your hair.
Cavities (yes or no?): Cavities are recesses in a place where your eyes will be. That way your eyes, as well as your eyelashes, will not touch the material of the mask. You can open your eyes and just stare into the darkness. Many people find it soothing that their eyelids are gently pressed by a sleep mask, while others might find it irritating.
If you are among the ones who are irritated if anything touches their eyes, opt for the mask with cavities.But keep in mind that if you are sleeping on your stomach, you might not find it as comfortable as you would if you are sitting on a plane or a bus.
Weight (light): The lighter, the better. When wearing a sleep eye mask, you should have a feeling that you do not wear any at all. Try to find the one that weighs no more than 1½ ounces.
Maintenance (durable and machine washable): If you wear it often, you will definitely want to be able to wash it from time to time.
Noise reduction: Some masks are wide enough to cover your ears, but if you really want to block out the noise, you should choose a pair of sleep earplugs.
Scents: Since not everyone will like the same scent, you should try it and see if it works for you. But only if you are not prone to allergies.
A flat nose cutout or a molded nose bridge: You will find a flat nose cutout on all typical masks that are designed to fit almost anyone. But, there are also some with a molded nose bridge, designed to block out the light that may come from the bottom of the mask.
If you have a wider nose or you are missing a bridge, they are not the right option for you.
Gel masks: You can try them if you are having problems with puffy eyes. You can either place them in a fridge or warm water, depending on whether you want a cold or warm therapy.
How to Clean It Properly?
After wearing your mask, you should hand wash it with mild soap and water, to remove facial oils. Avoid using harsh cleansers that might damage it or leave some harmful residues. Also, you should always let it dry away from the direct sunlight. More detail information can be found in the user guide that always comes included.
It is also important that you know when you should replace it.
The information about the best sleep mask in a range of quality categories is updated on quarterly basis. The statistical analysis of newly available data is planned to keep the information relevant between re-tests (which are done once a year or once every 18-months).
If you have any questions, feel free to contact us by leaving a comment in the section below. You can expect a response within 24 hours. If we don’t know the answer to your question, we’ll find out and get back to you within.
We have now included a link to the original product just underneath the review. For convenience, we’re also including it here – click here to go to the page of the Sweet Slumber quilted mask on Amazon. | 2019-04-24T10:48:19Z | https://thesleepstudies.com/best-sleep-mask/ |
Course Format: Session Based; web-based. See calendar for session dates and application deadlines.
Student Expectations: Students are strongly encouraged to work an average of 5 hours per week for intensive 12-week sessions with no breaks.
While preparing students to take the Advanced Placement Test in English Language and Composition, this course provides training in analysis of literary nonfiction as well as analytical and persuasive writing. In addition to practicing essay test-taking techniques, organization and time management, students study the interactions among subject, authorial purpose, audience needs, generic conventions, and the resources of the English language.
Assignments include a directed narrative, analyses of test questions, analyses of rhetorical strategies, and persuasive essays. Students will also practice taking multiple choice tests which mirror those found in the exam. This course has been reviewed and approved by the College Board to use the "AP" designation.
Order it now, as future lessons will use this material.
To complete the writing sample, follow this link and perform the Sample 1st Assignment - Email & Web-based formats found on the ‘demo’ tab. Submit the writing sample as an attachment to [email protected]. Put your full name and CTY Student ID # at the beginning of the file and in the body of your email message. Please be sure to also attach a copy of a year-end report card showing completion of 10th grade English.
This web-based distance writing AP English Language and Composition course consists of fourteen lessons –the majority culminating in a formal essay – along with accompanying readings, discussions and writing workshops.
In response to student essays, instructors comment on form, style, and content, generally holding students’ work to college-level standards. Critiques explain successes and delineate problems needing further work. Along with instructor feedback, each student receives at least one workshop critique from his or her peers in the class, and completes one comprehensive revision based upon comments. A process letter for each lesson gives students a chance to reflect upon the effectiveness of their prewriting strategies, to score their essays based upon given rubrics, and to share ideas for revision. At this level, the instructor assumes that students already command Standard English grammar and are ready to delve into more sophisticated issues.
While preparing students to take the Advanced Placement Test in English Language and Composition, this course provides training in prose analysis as well as descriptive, analytical and persuasive writing. In addition to practicing essay test-taking techniques, organization and time management, students use a variety of posted readings and discussion questions to explore the interactions among subject, authorial purpose, audience needs, generic conventions, and the resources of the English language. Exposure to classical rhetoric, including a study of schemes and tropes and the use of the Aristotelian appeals, increases understanding of and access to critical reading and writing skills. Most lessons focus on an examination of past AP testing prompts, responses and scoring guides, and composition of persuasive arguments and rhetorical analyses similar to those found on the exam and in college classrooms. Guidance in the evaluation, use and proper citation of both written and visual sources prepares students to write a synthesis essay and a researched argument. Finally, in addition to work on essays, students practice and analyze the multiple-choice portion of the exam.
For most lessons students use the CliffsNotes AP English Language and Composition (Swovelin, Barbara. 4th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.). Using this guide, they analyze rubrics and model student essays as well as writing their own essays in response to specific prompts. Online class discussions are often based upon posted readings covering a variety of rhetorical genres, from such writers as Annie Dillard, W.E.B. Du Bois, George Orwell and Thomas Jefferson.
Dillard, Annie. The Writing Life. Harper & Row. New York. 1989. 3-7.
DuBois, W.E.B. "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others." The Souls of Black Folk. 1903.
Irving, John. from “The Imaginary Girlfriend.” Trying to Save Piggy Sneed. Arcade Publishing. New York. 1996.
Washington, Booker T. “The Atlanta Exposition Address.” Up From Slavery. 1901.
The process letter accompanying each lesson is an informal self-assessment of about a page in length, in which students are invited to explain and evaluate their process, from planning through drafting and proofreading/revision. They discuss what worked best for them in the planning stage, how they budgeted their time, what rhetorical and stylistic elements worked best within their essays, and what they would do differently for a better result. Students often use rubrics to score their own AP practice essays, in addition to comparing their work to the high- and middle-scoring essays included in their CliffsAP book. Process letters help students to plan revisions, as well as to gain comfort and confidence with the process of self-evaluation.
Discussions are roughly the equivalent of homework in a school-based AP English class. Students enter the web-based classroom several times over the course of each lesson’s two-week time frame, reading posted thematically linked texts and responding to discussion questions along with each other’s comments. For example, in one discussion students read Booker T. Washington’s “Atlanta Exposition Address” and W.E.B.DuBois’ “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others,” and answer questions about each author’s purpose and audience as well as the influence of his background upon the position he takes. Students are required to post at least three thoughtful, substantive comments of at least half to three quarters of a page for each discussion. At times discussion takes the form of a writing exercise designed to increase skills in a certain area, such as citation, thesis revision, and analysis of visual texts. Discussion is also the place for workshops of student writing, and conversations about process, test-taking strategies, current events, and favorite writers.
Lessons are worth 70% of the final grade, with the process letter accounting for about 20% of the lesson grade. Each final essay is given a score of between 1 and 9 based as closely as possible upon a given rubric, so that students may get a sense of how they are likely to do on the exam. Although essays are also awarded letter grades, critiques emphasize encouragement and concrete suggestions for ways to improve. Effort, and improvement over time, are considered in the assignment of a grade, especially as the course progresses. Process letters are graded based upon the amount of time and effort they reflect.
Discussions, worth 30% of the final grade, are evaluated based upon the depth, insight and thoughtfulness of each posted comment. Students are expected to respond to one another as well as to the readings, so that the virtual classroom may generate a rich, complex and interesting exchange of ideas.
Unless otherwise indicated, all final writing assignments are essays written from past AP prompts found in the 4th Edition of Barbara Swovelin’s CliffNotes AP English Language and Composition.
In Discussion 1’s posted readings, Annie Dillard and John Irving describe aspects of their process as writers; students respond to the readings while talking about their own writing process.
In addition to reviewing with plenty of examples such literary terms as diction, connotation, denotation, syntax, parallelism, metaphor, structure and tone, this lesson explains the process of making inferences and collecting evidence from a text. Students read and evaluate sample essays based upon an AP prompt analyzing Michel-Guillaume-Jean de Crevecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer (Swovelin 48). Their response to these essays is included in their process letter. After making a brief chart of evidence, students then write rhetorical analysis essays comparing two passages by Virginia Woolf (97).
Discussion 2 is a writing workshop. With a focus on providing specific, constructive suggestions for revision, each student writes extensive comments for several anonymously posted Lesson 1 essays.
In this lesson students practice different forms of planning, including detailed outlines and quick “plans of attack” designed to help organize thoughts quickly for a timed essay. After reading examples of each approach, students first disassemble a previously written essay, using either a formal outline or a blueprint structure to identify main ideas, supporting ideas and details. Then they write “quick plans” in response to three separate prompts in a practice test, focusing on developing a working thesis and identifying main areas of support within a ten-minute timeframe. Finally, they develop detailed outlines for the essays based upon these plans. The process letter encourages them to think about the extent to which both quick plans and more detailed outlines may be used in organizing their thoughts before drafting.
Discussion 3 introduces Aristotelian Appeals. Students identify ethos, logos and pathos in magazine, web and television advertisements, analyzing their purpose, their effect, and the insight they give into cultural values and assumptions. Knowledge of persuasive appeals will help them evaluate sources for Lesson 4’s synthesis essay, as well as helping them to construct their own arguments.
A comprehensive lecture on source evaluation precedes this introduction to the synthesis essay (90-96).
Discussion 4 reviews MLA citation format, directing students to college websites containing plenty of models for parenthetical documentation and Works Cited. Students use their CliffsAP textbook, their student handbook, the introductory letter for the course and other sources to create a synthesis paragraph providing information about the AP exam. The Instructor grades the paragraph, paying special attention to citation format and the fluid incorporation of source material, before students embark upon the synthesis essay.
The goal of this lesson is to create focused, arguable, complex and elegant thesis statements that answer all parts of a posed question. Students look at the successful use of concessions and qualifications in a strong thesis, along with the analysis and revision of several weak thesis statements. The final writing assignment is a persuasive prompt responding to a passage by Ralph Waldo Emerson (98).
Discussion 5 asks students to analyze, revise and justify their revision of five thesis statements, each taken from a Lesson 1 or Lesson 2 student essay.
This lesson replicates the essay portion of the AP exam, giving students the opportunity to reflect upon their time management skills, how well they are able to organize their thoughts into “quick plans of attack” before drafting, and generally giving them a sense of what they need to work on in the coming months. In preparation, they are encouraged to look back at all their instructor critiques to date and make a list of aspects of their writing that most need work. This reflection prepares them for the comprehensive revision they will do in Lesson 8.
Discussion 6 is a writing workshop for Lesson 5 essays.
Students study literary terms (65-73) from CliffsAP and look at sample types of questions before completing a timed multiple-choice section of a past exam (79-89). The process letter for this lesson is more comprehensive than usual, including not only a self-evaluation of test taking strategies and time management, but also a list of all the questions they got wrong, including a brief analysis of their error and any questions they may still have after reading the CliffsAP explanations.
Discussion 7 takes a close look at research-based multiple-choice questions, including an overview of footnotes.
This lesson asks students to revise either their Lesson 1 or their Lesson 5 essay – whichever one was workshopped. First they are asked to carefully review all student and instructor suggestions for revision, paraphrasing them and grouping them into categories: issues of organization, of development, of grammar, and so on. Next, they revise their essay based upon the comments. Finally, they write a detailed explanation of how their revision resolves the issue pointed out in the comment. For example, if a classmate found a thesis confusing, the student would explain how and why the revised thesis is clearer. If the student decides not to follow a suggestion, he or she must explain why, and figure out another way to resolve the problem pointed out by the suggestion. By the end of this lengthy process, students have deeply and carefully studied comments that might otherwise have been ignored or only briefly considered. Their revisions must be quite comprehensive, showing evidence of careful thought and planning, to earn a high grade.
Discussion 8 returns to the question of purpose and audience, asking that students read the writing of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois and explain how each writer’s background, as well as the history of his time, may have influenced his decisions about why and to whom he wrote. Students discuss, as well, which writer they are more inclined to agree with, and why.
This lesson, also known as “Punch up to ‘5’,” focuses on the identification and effective employment of schemes and tropes within writing. Students read a lengthy excerpt from Corbett and Connors’ Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, studying schemes and tropes including parallelism, antithesis, anastrophe, apposition, chiasmus, and many others. After familiarizing themselves with the uses and effects of these literary devices, students revise the introduction and the conclusion for each essay they wrote for Lesson 6 – a total of six paragraphs. Each revision must not only respond to instructor suggestions, but also make use of at least one scheme and one trope. The trick is to add energy and elegance to the writing without obscuring meaning or resorting to cliché.
Discussion 9 invites all students to post their revised introductions from Lesson 8, gathering praise as well as constructive criticism. In addition, students are introduced to Lesson 13, the Researched Argument. This assignment will not be due for another two months, but now is the time to take a look at the prompt, and to begin conducting the research that will help them to take a position on the issue presented. The distance nature of this course requires that instructors make sure all students (even those taking the course from France or Belgium, our out of reach of a library) have access to sufficient sources. For this reason, students will be provided with about ten to fifteen excerpted writings, newspaper and magazine articles, and visuals from which to assemble the sources for their essay.
This essay, a comparison of two letters, offers a great opportunity for studying satire. Thus, students complete the discussion before turning to the essay.
Discussion 10 reviews the definition of satire, in addition to caricature, parody, hyperbole, litotes and burlesque; examples are given of each. Students then read Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” and view a clip from Jon Stewart’s “Daily Show,” analyzing the rhetorical strategies, elements of satire, and ultimate purpose of each. Finally, students find an example of satire to share and discuss with the group.
Many students appreciate this opportunity for creative expression amidst the rigors of formal analysis. The lesson first explains the purpose and function of metaphor, directing students to a passage by John Updike (229) as an example of what metaphor can accomplish. Next students write a piece in which they use metaphor to convey their attitude toward an idea, event or experience (without resorting to cliché!). Finally, each student writes an essay formally analyzing the rhetorical elements employed in his or her own creative work. Often they are astonished to discover effects they weren’t aware of creating.
Discussion 11 provides a practical guide for when and how to quote and paraphrase sources, including advice on how to avoid plagiarism. Students post a working thesis statement for their Researched Argument, along with an outline and Works Cited list; instructors quickly return detailed feedback and suggestions for revision. Thesis and outline may go through numerous revisions before the instructor gives a student the green light for beginning to draft her essay.
Students begin by reading John F. Kennedy’s inauguration speech and discussing within their process letter the moments in which Kennedy most effectively reaches his audience, what he wants people to believe about his leadership, and how he uses schemes and tropes to achieve his goals. Next they read and write a response to Corbett and Connors’ detailed analysis of Kennedy’s speech in Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. The necessity of understanding context is stressed as they prepare their writing assignment – a comparison of Abraham Lincoln’s and George W. Bush’s second inaugural addresses. As part of their comparison students must consider context, purpose and audience as well as rhetorical devices, and end with an evaluative thesis declaring one or the other more successful in presenting his message.
Discussion 12 presents readings from Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and George Orwell on the subject of colonialism. Students debate the similarities and differences in purpose, background and style amongst the three authors.
This is a 4-5 page research paper defending a position on an issue presented back in Discussion 9. At least 5 sources must be employed as evidence to support the student’s position, properly cited using MLA-style parenthetical documentation, and listed in a Works Cited page.
Discussion 13 is an informal sharing of thesis statements, success stories, breakthroughs, frustrations and other aspects of the research assignment, including thoughts on what worked well and what people wish they had done differently.
Students complete an entire practice exam (253-273) from CliffsAP. Instructors return comments quickly, including general advice on how to approach the exam.
Discussion 14 is a final goodbye and advice swap.
Discussions are required and begin the day after the previous discussion ends.
Students download materials from CTY Online Programs Course Access Links.
Begin work on Lesson 1.
Please update contact information through MyCTY if your address changes.
Welcome! The AP English Language and Composition Exam is designed to allow students to demonstrate that they can write well enough to submit college-level work. Students who score 3 or higher (out of 5) on the exam are often exempted from either a semester or a year of freshman composition courses, depending on the college or university. Competitive colleges often use these scores as part of their admissions criteria.
This course aims to help students better prepare for the test by acquainting them with the test format, helping them understand how answers are evaluated, and providing the necessary practice for success. Moreover, we want you grow as a writer. What you accomplish should help you enter the test and your future college courses with the confidence that comes from knowing that you can express and support your opinions clearly and solidly.
This course uses the CliffsAP English Language and Composition, 4th edition, ISBN: 9781118128022 est preparation guide. If not in stock locally, compare prices here. Order it now, as future lessons will use this material.
While teachers and serious literature students frown (and even glower) at the idea of substituting a reader's guide for the actual READING of a novel, the same company that prints CliffsNotes publishes a series of comprehensive AP Study Guides. Most AP teachers on the College Board's AP English email list endorse the use of a study guide. We've chosen this affordable guide because it includes a clear view of the overall test and numerous practice tests based on actual past exams. More impressively, it includes not only the answers to the multiple choice section but also explanations of the answers, and for the essays, it supplies the rubric (scoring guide) used for evaluating the essays, examples of student essays, and analyses of these essays.
We will use this resource as often as possible, often using the supplied test questions. For that reason, although you can peruse the rest of the book as soon as you get it, please refrain from reading any of the five practice tests until you are instructed by your instructor. I know that request immediately makes you want to read the tests, but don't look at the test questions if you want your practice essays to mimic accurately the experience you'll have in the actual exam.
Part of your preparation for the test and your growth as a writer will come from practice and the feedback you receive from your instructor, but we also hope you will become more conscious of your writing processes and more analytical about what makes your writing successful. To that end, we require that most assignments include a "process letter" from you. Though each assignment may include specific questions you should ask yourself about your composing process, this letter is generally an opportunity for you to reflect on how you accomplished the assignment, to analyze what worked or didn't work, and to ask any questions that occurred to you about the reading or your writing. Assignments may be considered incomplete if submitted without this component.
As a part of each lesson, you'll participate in a reading discussion or writer's workshop. These may relate directly to the preceding assignment, may involve a writer's workshop, or may introduce ideas you'll draw on later. Please consider these discussions an essential aspect of the course.
On pages 67-72 of the Cliffs guide, you can read summaries of all the essay questions given on the exam since 1980! When you see these, you'll notice that in the last five years, Cliffs labels all these questions as either "Style Analysis" or "Free Response/Persuasive." We'll begin with the latter because you've already practiced this type in Level 3 and Level 4 CTY courses. The first assignment is untimed, because we want to see an example of your best persuasive writing, uninhibited by strict time restraints.
If an essay requires "style analysis," which we'll discuss in detail in another lesson, then a passage is supplied, and you are expected to analyze the writing itself (the choices the writer made when composing it). For example, if the passage were from the Declaration of Independence, you might be asked to discuss how the tone is created by the diction and syntax, and how it works to move the reader. Your essay would have a thesis to argue, but your point would be about Jefferson's writing style.
On the other hand, a "persuasive" question (all AP essay questions are technically called "prompts") would ask you to take issue with his argument. Your essay would defend, challenge, or qualify his points, frequently summarizing or quoting Jefferson's logic and evidence, but supporting your thesis with other sources. By "take issue," we mean that you might choose to defend, qualify, or challenge Jefferson's ideas with examples from your own reading and experience, or if the question allows, you might redefine his premises, move the argument to a different context, or discuss the causes or effects of his ideas. For example, you might discuss the meaning of "the pursuit of happiness" in suburban schools. Most successful essays would paraphrase or reflect the prompt, define any terms that need defining (such as "pursuit" and "happiness"), and then issue an opinion on the subject and support the opinion with other sources.
Some persuasive/free-response questions are more "free" than others, so it's important to read directions carefully. You might be asked to take both sides before issuing an opinion, or you might be directed toward a particular topic in the prompt.
If the essay can be categorized as "free response," then the question may use a brief passage or aphorism, such as asking you to discuss the meaning of "the pursuit of happiness." You usually paraphrase or reflect the prompt, define any terms that need defining (such as "pursuit" and "happiness"), and then issue an opinion on the subject and support the opinion with other sources.
and these categories can be further divided.
Although you won't have outside texts with you during testing, you can impress your graders with your ability to recall examples from books you've read that support your ideas. Can you think of any characters from literature that chose to "pursue happiness" and thus can illustrate either the necessity or the danger of adhering to this "right"? Rich, complex texts that have stood the test of time often make good sources because they touch on important themes. However, though your graders are primarily English teachers who might be fond of people who know important authors, don't restrict yourself to literary material. The breadth of your reading might also include popular, historical, scientific, or philosophical material, and this is equally impressive if it supports your argument well. You aren't expected to be able to quote extensively, but you can quickly introduce the source by summarizing it and then draw out the specific actions/outcomes that illustrate the point being made.
Besides your reading you can also use your own observations. These can include not only the news of the world around you, but also your own personal experience. Are you aware of a country that oppresses the "pursuit of happiness"? What consequences have you observed? In your own family, school, or other peer group, have you ever seen the right to pursue happiness abused or misused in a way that changed or strengthened your opinion? Your own experience can often be a valid way of interpreting a general truth!
Make sure you understand the prompt. Make sure you include a summary or paraphrase that shows that you fully "get" what the prompt suggests. If you agree with the author, your paraphrase may stand as your thesis.
Make sure you understand and answer the question. "Free Response" does not entitle you to rant about whatever bothers you. In fact, graders are held to a scoring guide that looks for answers to the specific question asked. If the question contains two parts, don't neglect one part of it. If it asks you to prove that the right to pursue happiness is essential to the American way of life, don't discuss whether other rights are necessary or whether capitalism is good or bad. An understanding of these issues might enrich your essay, but don't get distracted by some issue that doesn't both support your point and answer the question!
It is equally appropriate to make use of several kinds of evidence OR to extensively discuss just one in your essay -- as long as you provide an adequate amount of detailed support.
Recall what you learned in Level 3 (or its equivalent CTY Summer Programs course): if you want to use a personal experience to make a point, include enough specific, evocative detail to help your reader identify with you or the character you discuss.
Recall what you learned in Level 4 (or its equivalent CTY Summer Programs course): Your main point should be clearly articulated in an identifiable thesis. Your supporting paragraphs should progress logically, each substantiated with adequate specific evidence, the relevance of which you explain clearly.
Some literary sources, such as Romeo and Juliet, require little introduction, and the essay can jump right in to the specific illustrative act -- "When Romeo chooses to attend Capulet's party . . ." -- confident that readers know the characters and the plot. However, most require the essayist to at least say "In John Doe's novel X, in which [insert basic plot summary here] . . ." Be careful not to get lost in summary but to direct readers to sections of the text that support the essay's thesis!
To keep from getting lost in summary, make sure to use strong topic sentences and intermittent explanations that illuminate how you are using the texts you've chosen.
Recall what you know about good writing. Sentence length should vary; words should be well chosen. Use active voice as much as possible. Edit out distracting errors.
Please do not waste too much time counting words. Instead, cover the subject to the length that you feel is adequate, and then we can discuss whether you need more or less. However, since this essay is un-timed but should be roughly the length of a timed essay, you can either allow just 40 minutes to draft and let that dictate your length, or you can think in terms of a 500 word essay as a general guideline.
Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, nor even out of it, which can be called good without qualification, except a Good Will. Intelligence, wit, judgment, and the other talents of the mind, however they may be named, or courage, resolution, perseverance, as qualities of temperament, are undoubtedly good and desirable in many respects; but these gifts of nature may also become extremely bad and mischievous if the will which is to make use of them, and which, therefore, constitutes what is called character, is not good.
. . . when we say, "You are nothing else than your life," that does not imply that the artist will be judged solely on the basis of his works of art; a thousand other things will contribute toward summing him up. What we mean is that a man is nothing else than a series of undertakings, that he is the sum, the organization, the ensemble of the relationships which make up these undertakings.
Considering both these philosophies, form a well-reasoned argument about what makes a person "good." Use evidence from your observations, experience, or reading to develop your position.
After you write your essay, you will compose a note that discusses the process of accomplishing this feat. Since this is an un-timed essay, you are free to look at the question, make some "first impression" notes, pre-write, discuss the topic with friends or family (a good dinner conversation?), draft, revise, and edit. Because future assignments will condense this process, be as analytical as you can about the time spent and its productivity.
***If you get your CliffsAP before you send this assignment, you should also look over Part 1: Introduction, p 3-9, and include as part of this lesson's letter any questions that arise. Is there anything you read or any advice for the test that surprises you? If you don't get your guide before the assignment due date, post these responses and any other questions when you do.
"I had a terrific time in this course, and learned a lot from the instructor and my classmates."
"Fantastic course! Certainly a summer well spent! Thanks CTY!" | 2019-04-18T18:16:46Z | https://cty.jhu.edu/online/courses/advanced_placement/ap_english_language_intensive.html |
“Yes, Bishop Ifor wants to return to Marbury as soon as possible. So we’re leaving on Wednesday. Only two more days,” Richenda said ruefully to Meraude, as the royal duchess surveyed the array of travel chests in the day room.
Leaving Rhemuth. Leaving Alaric. Three long months until they’d be together. Richenda tried not to think about it, but the day raced by, as time always seemed to do when something sad or unpleasant approached. That evening William came to play with Brendan after his supper and tell him a bedtime story, and soon afterwards she found herself accompanying Alaric to Kelson’s apartments for dinner. She was surprised to find her Uncle Thomas there as well as Duncan, Nigel and Meraude.
“His Majesty thought I would probably relish a quiet evening away from bishops and other clerics,” Cardiel said as he greeted her affectionately. “He’s quite right. Present company a most welcome exception of course,” he laughed, nodding at Duncan.
“Then apart from asking you to bless our meal, Excellency, we promise to avoid all clerical topics this evening,” Kelson assured him.
And they did. Nigel asked after Brendan, and Richenda’s reply about how he’d enjoyed feeding the ducks the previous afternoon prompted Duncan to relate one of Alaric’s more outrageous childhood escapades. Alaric responded with a story about Duncan, and the evening quickly became one of uproarious laughter and much teasing as they all recounted youthful adventures and misadventures. It was surprisingly late when everyone departed, mellowed by food, wine and good company.
“Oh Ismay, they’re so beautiful!” exclaimed Richenda delightedly, as she examined the delicately stitched belt pouch and matching veil made from pale blue silk.
They’d gathered in Meraude’s apartments next morning, sipping glasses of wine as they presented Richenda with their wedding “fripperies” as Meraude referred to them. Just a small gathering – Meraude, Maire, Ismay, Kathryn, Brielle and Meaghan, the two girls delighted to be included again in this adult company.
A soft silk shawl from Maire; some pretty pillowcases from Kathryn, embroidered in cream and blue with the initials R and A neatly joined. Two lovely linen chemises, one smocked around the neck by Brielle, the other plainer but with a cream ribbon trim stitched by Meaghan at neck and wrists. A pale blue linen night rail and matching night robe, with a scattering of tiny blue daisies embroidered over the bodice of each garment.
Richenda felt overwhelmed with their kindness: they must have worked until all hours to complete these in the relatively short time since her betrothal. They laughed and nibbled at little pastries, sipping wine and toasting her future happiness, and wishing her ‘all the children you and Alaric want’.
“How many would you like?” asked Brielle shyly.
“As many as come along. I asked him about it, and he suggested a dozen or so!” Meaghan gasped and Richenda chuckled. “Don’t worry, I’ve already got one son, so I told him we could stop after half that number!” Behind Meaghan, Meraude hastily turned away to hide her grin.
Shortly after that, Meraude reminded the girls that they were due for their dancing and music lessons with Master Lebelle, and after kissing Richenda and saying good-byes, they departed reluctantly. Meraude shut the door firmly and turned to smile at the others.
“My wedding night?” Richenda raised an eyebrow as she carefully unwrapped the gift. Slowly she shook out the filmy garment, the linen almost as fine as cobwebs, holding it up for all to see.
There were gasps of delight. The night-rail had long gathered sleeves and was slit down the front from neck to waist, with the opening and neckline edged in cream ribbon. Softly Richenda ran her finger down the line of closely-spaced little bows which fastened the front, keeping her face carefully composed as she looked at Meraude. “There really are a lot of bows, aren’t there,” she said solemnly.
”I’m sure it comes under ‘protecting damsels in distress’. Will you be very distressed, Richenda?” Meraude teased.
“Only if he doesn’t succeed!” she quipped. It was increasingly difficult to suppress the thoughts and images triggered by this conversation.
“You’ll have to pull the sheet right up to your neck,” agreed Kathryn, smiling at her friend.
They were all giggling now. “Better make sure the Duke leaves his sword and dagger outside, or he won’t worry about undoing bows and laces,” chortled Kathryn.
The last afternoon passed in a blur of activity. Saying farewells to Ewan, Burchard and several others at the midday meal. Finishing the packing. Checking with Giles to ensure all was ready for a very early departure. Making sure Brendan said good-bye to Payne, Robert and the other children, then sending him down to the stables with William so he could give Joker a last pat. But the activity and their imminent departure started to tell, and he was cranky and unco-operative by the time he and William returned.
“Why isn’t Duke Alaric coming with us, Mama?” Brendan asked crossly, as she undressed him ready for his bath.
“I want him to come with us now.” Brendan looked mutinous.
“I know you do. And so do I. But I told you why he can’t.” Oh darling – please don’t make this harder for both of us.
He grumbled and wriggled as Joan started to wash him; when she went to wash his hair he yelled at her, snatched the soap and hurled it angrily across the room. Richenda gave him a sharp smack for that, and he burst into tears, sobbing angrily and wailing that he didn’t want to go away tomorrow. He finally subsided into a sniffling silence, mulishly doing everything very slowly and almost daring them to get cross with him again. Richenda and Joan exchanged knowing, resigned shrugs: Brendan had had more than his share of upheavals this last year, and he’d been remarkably well-behaved during his stay in Rhemuth. Saying his good-byes today had been hard. I’ll give him a Deryni nudge tonight so he sleeps properly, Richenda resolved. The last thing they all needed to start their journey was a grumpy and over-tired little boy.
Brendan puddled and played with his supper, Sir Knight standing forlornly on the table next to him. He ate some bread and picked the meat out of the thick pottage, but refused the vegetables, stubbornly mashing them all together and pushing the mess around his plate before carefully patting it into a large flat circle with his spoon. Richenda wiped his face and hands and was about to clear everything away when there was a knock at the door. Joan curtseyed deeply as she admitted Alaric.
He greeted Richenda affectionately, then looked across at the gloomy figure sitting at the table. “Anything wrong?” he murmured, obviously surprised that Brendan hadn’t come to say hello.
“He’s tired, and all the excitement and good-byes have been hard,” Richenda replied softly. “And he’s disappointed you won’t be coming with us.” "As I am too!" she sent, letting him see Brendan’s earlier protests.
“Well, little boys usually love presents,” she said, smiling as she remembered the women’s jests earlier in the day.
“Hello, Duke Alaric.” The greeting was mumbled, the little face still miserable.
“I told you he was being difficult!” Richenda sent ruefully.
“Because the King has said we are going to get married in May. So I’m doing what the King says, and that’s when I’ll be coming back to Marley. And the King will be coming too.” A sensible explanation for a little boy, she thought approvingly, as Brendan would certainly not understand the social issues surrounding their betrothal and wedding.
“You have to do what the King says. Because you’re a Duke.” Brendan at last seemed resigned to the inevitable.
“A present? For me?” Brendan looked startled.
Brendan opened it eagerly, and drew out a small metal item attached to a long thin leather cord. He turned it over, examining it carefully.
“I’ll get your wax tablets and …. Oh Brendan!” exclaimed Richenda in exasperation, as her son grabbed his supper plate and enthusiastically stamped the seal into the mashed vegetables. A startled Alaric leapt back to avoid the splashes and burst out laughing.
“It doesn’t work well in food,” he advised. “We’d better get some wax.” While Joan tut-tutted at Brendan and hastily produced a wet cloth to clean the seal and wipe up the mess, Richenda went to get the small book of wax writing tablets which she’d put aside to take in the carriage for him tomorrow. Brendan joyfully stamped rows of seals across one sheet.
“When you get home to Marley. I’ll need a letter to say you’re safe, won’t I. You can tell me about the journey.” He smiled at Richenda. At least we can write openly now.
“Yes. Carrots don’t seal letters properly, do they,” said Alaric dryly, and Brendan grinned in perfect understanding. “Now, here’s your other present.” He handed over a much larger object wrapped loosely in a piece of cloth, watching as the boy eagerly unwrapped it.
“He’s got a crown. He’s a king! A proper red king! Thank you, Duke Alaric!” Brendan’s face was alight with joy as he turned the figure over, studying every little detail.
“Oh Alaric! Thank you. His own seal, and a ‘proper’ king. You couldn’t have got him anything nicer!” Tears misted Richenda’s eyes briefly as she watched her son, and Alaric came to stand bedside her.
“You’ll be well protected – Sir Knight and his king, and Brendan with his sword.” He squeezed her hand briefly. “I’ll leave you to put him to bed, then we can have our own supper.” She nodded, and Alaric went to say good night to Brendan.
She watched the two of them talking earnestly, suddenly wondering if Brendan would dare to ask for a story as well. But whatever Alaric said seemed to work: the earlier tears forgotten, Brendan gave him a hug and then pattered off happily towards the bedchamber, Sir Knight and the red king clutched in either hand.
The night was clear and cold: fingers of icy draughts touched Richenda’s face as Rogan escorted her briskly through the shadowed corridors, but Alaric’s apartments were an oasis of light and warmth. His other squire William poured goblets of golden wine for them both, and she stood near the fire with Alaric as Rogan finished setting out the first supper dishes. Alaric sent the squires on their way, and when the door had closed behind them, he took her into his arms.
Their reunion after Twelfth Night court had been a whirling, confused and desperate kiss, emotions almost too powerful to bear. This was a different kind of passion, their minds now linked in a joyous certainty of promises made, of things to come, of a future together. Time didn’t matter: there was no time, no place, no anything other than simply being in Alaric’s arms, with his lips on hers and their bodies pressed together, breathing the now-familiar scent of him – hints of leather and wool, sandalwood and rosemary, a touch of smoke from palace fires.
They drew apart briefly, and she studied his face, the laughter lines crinkling at the corners of his eyes, lips parted slightly and quirked in the hint of a smile, the faint end-of-day stubble on cheeks and jawline. She snuggled back against him and sighed contentedly: just as she had since their first kiss on that night before the battle, she felt safe in his arms. A blissful, all-pervading sense of feeling loved and protected, as though nothing and no-one in the world could ever hurt her again when she was with him.
He’d been gently stroking her hair where it was coiled loosely at the nape of her neck. Suddenly the pins came loose and it came tumbling down over her back and shoulders, little wisps escaping from under her veil. She gasped and pulled back slightly. He laughed.
“I love your hair – please leave it down,” he said softly, lifting one thick handful to his lips before letting it fall back softly, strand by strand.
“And what will your squires think if they come back with supper and see me like this?” She touched her fine linen veil, realising it was also dangerously loose.
He stroked her cheek. “I can’t answer for the young knight, just a rather besotted duke. Who would keep it and treasure it, and dream over it while waiting for that lady and their wedding day.” He caressed her again, with eyes and mind.
The romantic Alaric she’d seen in his letters, carefully hidden from the world at large behind psychic armour as impenetrable as the mail shirt he always wore. “And that lady would perhaps ask for a lock in return. Except that the besotted duke’s hair is so short that cutting a piece might leave a bald spot!” She reached up to run a hand though it affectionately.
“You’re not suggesting you’d leave me with a tonsure?” he grinned, catching her hand and kissing it in a way that set her insides quivering.
“I don’t think Alaric Morgan would be a very good priest,” she murmured, brushing his mind with a tendril of thought that brought a husky chuckle from him.
“No. I always have very un-priestly thoughts where you are concerned.” He returned her mental caress, and she found herself kissing him again.
A loud knock at the door caused them to part. Richenda hastily bent to pick up her hairpins, moving to a darker corner near the fireplace so she could discreetly adjust her veil. Alaric admitted William and Rogan, each bearing a lidded dish which they carefully set on wooden boards on the table. The aromas were tantalising and she was suddenly ravenous, though she waited until the squires departed before rejoining Alaric.
“Veiled but with your hair down,” he approved as he held a chair for her.
“I fear that with a certain duke, it wouldn’t be much use putting it up again,” she smiled, “and at least we are betrothed.” He chuckled and started ladling out the food.
She’d had a momentary fear on her way to his apartments that they’d find themselves eating in awkward silence, on this their last evening together for several months. But the opposite was the case: the meal passed in easy, often amusing, conversation, on matters ranging from her journey back to Marley to literature, from court gossip and politics in the Forcinn states to their respective childhoods and Deryni training. Richenda was surprised to hear that Alaric had visited Master Thomson’s shop himself, placing his special order for the red king.
Eventually they moved back to sit near the fire, sipping tiny glasses of rich sweet wine while the squires cleared the table, and letting themselves relax into easy psychic rapport.
“I know.” She rose reluctantly and he helped her into her cloak, smiling as she drew the hood carefully over her flowing hair.
“I doubt there will be crowds of people abroad at this hour to be shocked at your unseemly boldness,” he chuckled, slinging his own cloak round his shoulders and ushering her to the door.
“Good night, my love.” She opened the door and quickly slipped inside.
"Dere yur Magisty, plees let mama marry dyuk Alarik sooner than eester so he can get on with the bizness of beeing my new papa k thanx bai."
Thanks for the penultimate chapter!
Oh I do LOVE this chapter, the gift giving to Richenda was fun, and the gift giving to Brendan by Alaric was so heart-warming.
I nearly fell from my chair while reading the post of Brendan's letter to Kelson...I too can see him doing that, or somehow managing an audience with Kelson to ask it in person, complete with a slight pout and the puppy-dog eyes that children instinctively know works to their advantage.
Won't be the same without my regular "Gryphon" fix, but looking forward to the fic we have been discussing in chat!
Alkari also needs to write the "Green Barrel" story so that Sextus's dissolute self can turn up there in another story sometime.
Yup, I have a character waiting for the Green Barrel too. Maybe if we reference it enough, she'll write it?
I have so enjoyed reading the 28 chapters, and will hope there will be more. You write excellently, including the wistfulness of Alaric and Richenda, and a little boy's every day and growing up things. Thank you.
I have so enjoyed reading the 29 chapters, and will hope there will be more. You write excellently, including the wistfulness of Alaric and Richenda, and a little boy's every day and growing up things. Thank you. | 2019-04-24T07:50:09Z | http://www.rhemuthcastle.com/index.php/topic,606.msg16689.html |
It’s simple – if your client is on the job as an employee and he or she gets injured, your client is entitled to workers’ compensation benefits. (Lab. Code, § 3600.) In most instances, the law of the land makes workers’ compensation an injured worker’s sole and exclusive remedy. However, if another person or entity caused the worker’s injury, you may have a viable third-party claim. If no one other than the employer is responsible for the injury and an exception to the exclusive remedy rule applies, you may be able to sue the employer in civil court.
Where the employer has no fault in causing the harms and losses suffered by an injured employee, the employer and their workers’ compensation carrier enjoy the right to recoup workers’ compensation benefits paid in the event the injured worker recovers from a third-party defendant. The right to recovery may come in the form of a lien claimant, a plaintiff in intervention, or as a petition for credit before the WCAB for an offset against further benefits. However, where the employer is arguably at fault for some, or a substantial share of fault, they may (in full or in part) lose their right to subrogation.
Note: Failure to properly place the employer on notice of your third-party action may later reduce your ability to negotiate the workers’ compensation lien they will eventually assert, as it may prevent an assertion under common fund principles, as later discussed herein.
Tip: When placing the employer/WC carrier on notice of the claim, seek their participation and active involvement by giving them a list of everything you need in writing, such as copies of all medical and billing records, employment file, wage records of the employee, investigation reports concerning the incident, etc. The employer/WC carrier will rarely oblige and this will strengthen your future argument in support of a common fund reduction to their recovery rights.
Any employer who pays, or becomes obligated to pay compensation, or who pays, or becomes obligated to pay salary in lieu of compensation, or who pays or becomes obligated to pay an amount to the Department of Industrial Relations pursuant to section 4706.5, may likewise make a claim or bring an action against the third person. In the latter event, the employer may recover in the same suit, in addition to the total amount of compensation, damages for which he or she was liable including all salary, wage, pension, or other emolument paid to the employee or to his or her dependents.
Labor Code section 3850, subdivision (b) provides that the term “employer” includes the actual employer or the employer’s workers’ compensation insurer.
What can their lien include?
Tip: Audit the WC lien! You must request/demand the “Itemized Printout of Benefits” from the Workers’ Compensation carrier and assess every penny they claim to have spent on the claim to reach the alleged “total lien amount.” All workers’ compensation carriers and attorneys are familiar with this since, pursuant to California Code of Regulation, Title 8, section 10607, workers’ comp attorneys demand an itemized printout routinely.
Permanent disability where there has not yet been an award or certainty as to the amount of the future payment. If permanent disability has already been paid, which is often the case in the form of an advance or permanent disability advance (PDA), then permanent disability payments may be part of the lien.
Legal costs, defense attorney fees, other expenses such as copy service and investigation (e.g., sub-rosa).
Case management that is a collaborative process of a medical assessment, bill audit, medical treatment reasonableness determination, utilization review.
Although this process is now mandated by California law under Labor Code section 4610, you should argue that this process is not a benefit or payment conferred on an injured employee. While California law may support reimbursement of such expenses, in many cases the WC carrier abuses the process to wrongfully deny the employee benefits.
Remember that these are not treating physicians, they are experts, similar to an IME. Under current WC law these doctors cannot dictate medical treatment. In most situations they are used when the employee or applicant disagree on the PTP’s report and findings. Plaintiffs, in many instances, finds themselves in a worse situation following these exams as their primary physicians are often more liberal to the plaintiffs’ cause. Again, you should argue that this process is not a benefit or payment conferred on an injured employee and it is certainly not medical treatment.
Tip: In a case with a favorable QME/AME, particularly where the WC attorney helped the third-party case with these experts, don’t try to argue against the QME/AME’s costs. In many instances you may even be able to work with the subrogation attorney in getting your client to a favorable QME/AME to help build your third-party claim. We often take QME/AME’s depositions at the WC carrier’s expense. Sometimes, we see extensive AME/QME costs that can really drive up the lien, which pressures the third-party defendant into settlement.
While most subrogation attorneys make assertions without any legal support, we do see the occasional good argument. We have seen an argument based on a “cost of mitigation” effort. One Court of Appeal decision does allow plaintiffs to recover the cost of mitigation efforts as a recoverable item of damages. (Kleinclause v. Marin Realty Co., (1994) 94 Cal.App.2d 733.)My takeaway is: Argue against this theory in your work comp subrogation negotiations, and argue for it in your third-party negotiations.
Note: When the subrogation attorney for the employer/WC carrier argues to recover costs or expenses beyond the basic indemnity and medical benefit payments, ask them for legal authority in support of their position. Put the burden on them. The odds are they won’t be able to provide you with any authority and you’ll be able to effectively argue down the lien.
In basic form, the lien constitutes the reimbursement rights of the employer based on benefits paid to the employee up to the time you satisfy the lien. Credit, on the contrary, represents the employer’s right to halt any further benefits by the employer to the employee until the employee has exhausted his net proceeds of any third-party settlement or award.
An employer is entitled to claim a credit against future compensation benefits which may be payable to the employee to the extent of the employee’s net recovery from the third party. (Lab. Code, § 3861.) However, if the employer’s concurrent negligence contributes to the employee’s injury, its credit rights may be reduced or defeated depending on the extent of its negligence. (Associated Construction and Engineering Company v. WCAB (1979) 22 Cal.3d 829.) Credit applies to any benefit of compensation including indemnity, medical treatment, lien claims, attorney’s fees, voucher, med-legal cost, and even penalties.
This is likely the case in at least 50 percent of your third-party cases since most WC cases take even longer to resolve than civil cases. Likewise, WC seems to delay settlement when they know a third-party settlement is down the road that will potentially relieve them from further payments.
This settles all issues and gives lifetime medical benefits. Client may receive indemnity and/or pension payments every other week, possibly for life.
Same concept as a Stipulation but after a finding of fact by the trial court.
The claim is 100 percent closed and money paid out in lump sum.
You need to know at what stage the WC claim is in and understand its ramifications when you settle the third party. If the WC claim is open and ongoing when you settle the third party, the WC attorney will likely not be paid for any work he has done on the case including litigation cost he has expended.
1) The employer may file suit in his or her own name under Labor Code section 3852. Even if the employer has not paid any benefits, he or she may still file a lawsuit in anticipation of future benefits.
3) The employer may intervene into an existing action brought by the plaintiff/employee pursuant to Labor Code section 3853, which provides for intervention any time before trial. (See also Mar v. Sakti International Corp. (1992) 9 Cal.App.4th 1780.) If the employer intervenes in the action, it is a party and all of the defenses that the third-party defendant has against the employee/plaintiff are also available against the intervener. (Hubbard v. Bolt (1983) 140 Cal.App.3d 882).The right to intervene into an existing action is also available to the injured worker.
Tip: If the employer timely files their lawsuit against the third-party defendant and the plaintiff misses the SOL, the plaintiff can still intervene into the employer’s action and will not be barred by an SOL defense.
For instance, if the employer lien is $150,000 and the employer intervenes and aggressively fights for reimbursement and is eventually awarded $150,000, any claim for cost and attorney’s fees by the firm representing the employer comes out of that same $150,000 and not from any other source.
The issue is based on whether the employer had “active participation” or “passive participation.” If the employer is merely a lien claimant, you can argue they are a passive participant and common fund principles apply. If the employer intervenes and has “actively participated,” then the common fund doctrine or equitable apportionment is not allowed. (See Kavahaugh v. Sunnyvale (1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 903). However, just because the employer intervenes does not automatically make their participation active. The intervener has the burden of proof and, in more instances than not, they are passive beneficiaries. The trier of fact for “active versus passive” participation is the trial court and the courts are in disagreement to some degree as to whether you can apportion the level of active participation in calculation of attorney’s fees under a common fund theory.
Some claims, such as a wife or husband’s claim for loss of consortium, are not subject to the employer’s claim for credit. (Gapusan v. Jay (1998) 66 Cal.App.4th 734.) Use with caution, as in every third-party case where you have a spouse, you have the ability to make a loss of consortium claim and specifically assign a portion of the settlement to the spouse. When WC comes asking for the net recovery to the plaintiff/employee, you need only give the net recovery to him/her and not include the amount assigned to the loss of consortium claim for the spouse. Be fair and reasonable. The courts have the power and authority to re-allocate funds if it appears this was done to unfairly circumvent the employer’s right to credit.
Assume the following: The employer filed a notice of lien in the amount of $150,000, which constitutes all the benefits paid to that point. The employer does not participate in the fight. In the third-party case you recover $450,000 in settlement. Assume litigation costs are $50,000 and fees are $180,000 (40 percent); the remaining balance would be $220,000. ($450k-$50k-$180k=$220k.) In such a scenario, you should argue that the work comp lien is subject to a 40 percent reduction for fees and a pro-rata share in the cost, in this case one-third of $50,000, or $16,666.Hence, their lien would be reduced first by the fees of $60,000, followed by the cost of $16,666, and they would be paid $73,334 on their $150,000 lien. The plaintiff would pocket $146,660 from $450,000, which would be subject to employer credit rights in the event the WC case was still open.
The above illustration is the argument supported by law; however, in practice we see the employer is more likely to agree to a 33.3 percent to 40 percent reduction for fees and no reduction in cost. It is all open to negotiation, so make your case.
Assume the same $450,000 settlement, the same $50,000 in cost and same fees at $180,000, but this time the employer has actively participated in the litigation sufficient to meet their burden. They would be entitled to their full lien value of $150,000, which would leave a balance of $70,000 for the plaintiff, which would still be subject to credit. As discussed above, unless the employer has acted as a true party to the litigation, noticed deposition and examined witnesses, served and answered discovery, do not let them extort your client by claiming they are active participants and therefore the common fund does not apply.
Assume you had the same $150,000 in employer paid benefits and your third party only had a $100,000 policy limit which was tendered. In this scenario, it really doesn’t make a difference what level of participation the employer had. You would recover your attorneys’ fees and your cost first and the balance would then go to the lien. The plaintiff recovers nothing from the third party. This is almost always the situation in high WC lien cases and low third-party policy limits.
Note: In these situations, work closely with the WC attorney representing your client. In our experience, when the employer is being paid back a substantial sum of money, we are often able to obtain a more favorable WC settlement for the client. Thus, not all is lost.
Employer fault can be used to decrease or defeat the workers’ compensation lien and credit rights. Timing is everything. During discovery the employer can prove to be a powerful ally and cooperate in providing witnesses, documents and more. Raising issues of employer’s negligence too early can impair this alliance and give the third-party defendant ammunition to push for a lower settlement. A case-by-case analysis must be done.
Assume settlement of $1 million where employer fault was alleged. Assume work comp paid $150,000 in benefits. Assume employer was an estimated 30 percent at fault and third-party defendant at 70 percent. Plaintiff receives $1 million less fees ($400,000) and costs; assume $500,000 in plaintiff’s pocket. Employer fault at 30 percent amounts to a “threshold” number of $300,000.
This means that their lien does not get paid and WC must provide additional benefits up to an additional $150,000 until they get a right to their credit. Once WC has paid $300,000 in benefits, they will have the right to petition the WCAB for a credit based on the $500,000 plaintiff recovered. You will need to work with the WC attorney and respond/object to any petition for credit where employer negligence is alleged.
Same as scenario one, but $1 million by verdict with the same fault allocation. Because there was no settlement, defendants can raise a “Witt v. Jackson” post-trial motion to reduce the judgment by the amount the workers’ compensation benefits paid. Hence, no double recovery. Thus, a $1 million recovery will be reduced to $850,000 after deduction of work comp benefits paid. WC will not be paid their lien and will have to pay an additional $150,000 in benefits before they can assert a credit. After deduction of attorney’s fees and costs (same as above), the plaintiff in this case nets $150,000 less in his pocket.
Note: When you have significant employer fault and you compare the same gross outcome before trial and after verdict, your client may be better served with a settlement. The third-party defendant runs the risk they will not be able to shift liability to the employer which should result in a larger pre-trial settlement. Likewise, when you have facts pointing to employer negligence, you carry all the cards in negotiating the WC lien. These cases are prime for mediation.
The third-party defendant may raise employer fault as an affirmative defense in its answer to the complaint. However, the court in C.J.L. Construction, Inc. v. Universal Plumbing (1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 376, held that an employer may not be compelled to participate in litigation based solely on a Witt v. Jackson.
The case of Brandon v. Santa Rita Technology Incorporated (1972) 25 Cal.App.3d 838, establishes that the issue of employer fault must be raised in a pleading filed and served on the employer or lien claimant in a timely manner. The Brandon case has been used successfully by plaintiffs in intervention to obtain motions precluding the introduction of evidence of employer negligence or fault at trial were the allegation has not been timely raised. We too can use this case to our advantage.
An employee’s attempt to use Labor Code section 3859(b) will fail, and settlement proceeds will be subject to the employer’s lien, if the settlement includes workers’ compensation benefits that have been paid. (See Marruqo v. Hunt (1977) 71 Cal.App.3d 972).
An employee has a statutory duty to notify the employer of any settlement with the third-party defendant. (Lab. Code, § 3860, subd. (a).) In order to avoid an employer’s claim that it did not receive notice, a plaintiff should give written notice with a proof of service in a similar fashion as the notice requirements set forth in Labor Code section 3853.
The trial court’s ruling or a jury verdict on the issue of employer fault are binding on the employer. However, if employer’s negligence is not resolved in the third-party case, the WCAB acts as an alternative forum for resolution of the employer’s negligence.
The trial court’s ruling or a jury verdict on the issue of employer fault are binding on the plaintiff in intervention.
You may wish to settle with the third-party defendant and proceed forward in your civil case to trial essentially against the plaintiff in intervention on the sole issue of employer negligence. This is a rare instance where you can answer ready for trial without the defendant and put on your case to establish employer negligence. The trial court may prefer this to be conducted as a bench trial or evidentiary hearing during which the trial court judge will make the necessary ruling.
Adam J. Savin is a litigation and trial attorney at Savin Bursk Law whose focus is complex serious-injury cases – particularly third-party claims. Adam handles select workers’ compensation cases as well as personal-injury cases. | 2019-04-22T22:06:54Z | https://www.advocatemagazine.com/article/2019-march/workers-compensation-liens-and-credit-issues |
Once considered one of the crowning achievements of The Great Society, Medicaid is now being steadily chipped away—and patients are suffering because of it.
Plagued by a poorly designed medical reimbursement process that rewards health care professionals for providing medically unnecessary care and yet doesn’t pay enough for many specialists or small providers to deal with burdensome administration, the popular program has been a target of reform for decades. With state budgets hollowed out and a budget regime that cuts investments in health to fund tax breaks for corporations, legislators are now looking to cut costs—and if there’s time, improve the quality of care.
“My daughter had five operations on her back and a surgically removed leg bone; she has two brain shunts. And now her foot aches,” Suzanne remembers telling the doctor. The rolling spasms, bone pain and general discomfort her daughter had been experiencing of late, she says, had finally sent the two of them to find an in-network orthopedic surgeon for treatment.
But according to Suzanne, Tamara’s pain wasn’t enough to warrant medical attention. “He said, ‘I can’t help you, come back when you have a problem.’ He wouldn’t even look at her foot,” Suzanne recalls now.
This wasn’t the first time a medical professional had turned down Suzanne and her daughter for medical care. Tamara, a 24-year-old wheelchair user with advanced cerebral palsy and multiple attendant disabilities, needs access to professionals who treat her with dignity and who have the skills to suit her needs. Because Suzanne, Tamara’s sole caretaker, was covered through Aetna-managed Medicaid, those doctors must also be in her network. And finding them, the Klugs say, is a near-impossible task.
Medicaid, once considered one of the crowning achievements of The Great Society, is now being dismantled by those entrusted with its care. Plagued by a poorly designed medical reimbursement process that rewards health care professionals for providing medically unnecessary care and yet doesn’t pay enough for many specialists or small providers to deal with burdensome administration, the popular program has been a target of reform for decades. With state budgets hollowed out by the perfidy of the mortgage industry and a budget regime that cuts investments in health to fund tax breaks for corporations, legislators across the nation are now looking to find ways to cut costs—and if there’s time, improve the quality of care.
Here enters managed care, seen by some elected officials as a panacea to their fiscal woes. Under this system, private insurance companies, or Managed Care Organizations (MCO), receive a fixed monthly payment from the state per Medicaid patient. In exchange, they agree to work with hospitals to strike deals and lower costs.
The first step in this process for an MCO is to sort patients by health risk by reviewing their medical records or, in severe cases, sending a social worker to evaluate them at home. As a hypothetical example, if 100 people enrolled in Aetna’s MCO were at risk of a heart attack, Aetna would calculate how many of them could improve their health through low-cost interventions, such as free gym memberships and dietary counseling. If Aetna decided that, say, 60 of the new enrollees wouldn’t need access to expensive cardiologists if they improved their eating and exercise habits, it could then approach regional hospitals and doctors with a bargain: a guaranteed referral of 40 new patients to said facilities in exchange for lowered medical costs. Doctors and hospitals are promised a flow of new patients, and the MCO gets cheaper care and doesn’t have to pay for the most expensive intervention possible.
Theoretically, this costs states less than paying for each patient directly. In fact, managed care seems like a great idea overall, until one factors in the often unscrupulous business practices of the health insurance industry.
One obvious flaw in the system is that MCOs can increase their profits by erecting roadblocks to care. If you’re one of the aforementioned 60 patients put on a diet and exercise regime, you may find it more difficult to get access to a cardiologist. Worse still, if MCOs make a patient drive three hours to see an “in-network” specialist he or she needs, chances are lessened that the patient will make it to that professional at all—and the MCO can keep the funds it receives from the state without paying for that person’s care.
States argue that they have a two-pronged response to avoid these negative circumstances: consumer “choice” and careful monitoring. If insurance companies cheat by making it too hard for patients to find the care they need, they say, consumers will simply switch to a better network. If the bad behavior continues, then the state will find another company willing to play by the rules. But the MCO market is frequently monopolized by one or two companies in a region—and state regulatory agencies have become so weak that the “worst of the worst” are still getting contracts, meaning that opting for one over another doesn’t guarantee any sort of improvement.
In a letter to the editor of the Lexington Herald Leader, the head of statewide child advocacy organization Kentucky Youth Advocates lamented that the rollout of managed care severed continuity of care around the state, because “many parents had to switch their children to another plan once they discovered the providers in their area weren't part of their assigned plan.” For most families, this was an inconvenience at best; for those with rare illnesses and few specialists near their home, however, trying to find quality care was a hazardous burden.
And Kentucky’s inauspicious start to privatizing managed care was quickly followed by a perilous end. Kentucky Spirit, one of the three companies hired by Kentucky to administer Medicaid managed care, refused to meet its contract’s year-long term and abruptly cancelled its services. Citing a lack of full disclosure from Kentucky of just how ill Medicaid patients were, shareholders in Kentucky Spirit’s parent company Centene decided it was time to jump ship. Or, as Kentucky Secretary of Cabinet for Health and Family Services Audry Haynes wrote in a press release, “[a] Fortune 500 company has chosen to put profits above people and will not honor the terms of its contract.” Centene skipped town, resulting in chaos for its 125,000 enrollees, many of whom didn’t know where to go to get vital prescriptions. Though Kentucky Spirit patients were re-enrolled in other networks, the process took time and money—and the state and its residents were left to flounder.
But the former Vice President of Contracting and Network Development for Sunflower alleges that she was directly instructed to do “whatever was necessary” to prevent patients from seeing the doctors of their choice. Instead of driving down costs through innovation or reducing bureaucracy, Centene decided it would be easier to simply restrict who patients could visit.
Suzanne and Tamara became all too familiar with the low quality of care offered by privatized Managed Care Organizations. After a year and a half, they were tired of searching nonstop for doctors within their Aetna “network” who weren’t ableist, had handicap-accessible offices and were within 50 miles of their home. When Suzanne reported that none of the doctors in her network were willing or able to treat her daughter, she says that her Aetna social worker told her to try specialists in Kankakee—70 miles away.
Even worse than the unavailability of treatment, however, were the excessive wait times for vital medical equipment. Suzanne often went weeks without knowing when her next shipment of colostomy bags would arrive for her daughter. At one point, desperate and out of supplies, she even had to begin reusing single-use bags—which can lead to potentially life-threatening infections. She assumes now that the long intermissions were a result of the bureaucratic labyrinths created by privatized care.
“For someone like my daughter with multiple disabilities, [accessible medical care] is her lifeline. She could’ve died, and I felt really trapped,” Suzanne says.
For the Klugs, managed care became synonymous with headaches, disrespect, danger and wasted time. So they packed up their things again and began looking for a new home that didn’t force Medicaid patients into Managed Care Organizations. In September 2012, they moved to the North Side of Chicago, hoping to find more and better specialists.
Which is why it was such a disappointment when they found out this year that managed care was coming to the city, and for-profit insurance companies were leading the charge. In April 2014, Chicago’s business weekly Crain’s reported that Cook County had given a no-bid contract to Centene, the same parent company that had abruptly quit their contract in Kentucky. With taxpayers footing a $450 million yearly bill, Centene’s contract promises that it will reduce the cost of care per patient by $1,000 a year.
Just as in Kentucky, though, Medicaid patients across Illinois’ largest county are suffering from disruption of services and a dip in care quality. During a pilot program from 2010 to 2013, Centene’s Illinois incarnation, IlliniCare, failed to meet 21 out of Cook County’s 42 performance goals. Ideally, insurance companies should work with doctors to administer preventative treatment and reduce more expensive procedures in the long run. But in 2013, IlliniCare actually decreased the amount of cholesterol testing it performed in a one-year period; this has the potential to let Coronary Artery Disease go unchecked in patients. Likewise, IlliniCare also performed worse in the percentage of patients they followed up with after receiving ambulatory care.
For that middling performance, however, the CEO of Centene received a total compensation package of $14.5 million in 2013; the company will provide care to hundreds of thousands of Illinois residents until 2015.
Illinois is just one of dozens of states attempting to move state-provided health care services from the relative accountability of local government into private operators notorious for their cronyism. While far from perfect, local health departments must follow public meeting laws and are subject to internal (such as Inspector Generals) and external (such as FOIA requests and public interest lawsuits) oversight. That’s not the case when private companies take the reins.
To combat this alarming trend of backdoor Medicaid privatization, activists across the nation are stepping up to demand protection and systemic change. In Illinois, Tom Wilson of Access Living, a policy and organizing group fighting for disabled people, is working with three hospitals and a think tank to beat the insurance companies at their own game. They formed Community Care Alliance of Illinois, a nonprofit Managed Care Organization, in 2010.
Wilson’s work, he says, is informed by an explicit understanding that “People with disabilities are normally the most knowledgeable people about their own health.” In recognition of this, the Community Care Alliance has created a Stakeholders Forum consisting of representatives with disabilities—of which Suzanne is a member. When the CCAI reduces costs through effective care-management, it reinvests those savings into purchasing durable medical equipment for patients rather than squirreling them into higher-ups’ pockets.
But Wilson admits that the combination of constant budget cuts, new providers and changing legislation make for “a lot of change to stay on top of from an advocate’s point of view.” As a result, CCAI—arguably one of the most ethical incarnations of the MCO program—is still far from perfect. Though there are 1,000 primary care physicians and 3,000 specialists in its network, it still has to grapple with bureaucracy and ration care based on health history.
Both Suzanne Klug and Tom Wilson readily admit that in a perfect world, the state would implement a single-payer system framing medical care as a public good rather than a private asset. Even if the U.S. were to implement such a thing tomorrow, however, the crises of our broader economy would make such a system untenable. Providing a high level of health care for the chronically ill and severely disabled will require massive investments and a radical shift in values, the likes of which the U.S. hasn’t seen since the first progressive movement.
Sharon Post, the Director of the Center for Long Term Care Reform at the Health and Medicine Policy Research Group, argues that the flaws in our health delivery system are deeper than administration and privatization.
While our economy isn’t structured to invest in the people and institutions that matter most, plenty of people are working hard to change that. In addition to Access Living, groups like National People’s Action, the Chicago Teachers Union and the National Nurses Union are calling for a radical reimagining of our tax system that puts people first. Once we take back our money from the be-Rolexed hands of Wall Street, they hope, we can finally put it towards health care for all people.
" If you take the bureaucracy, profit and marketing out of health care you have over a billion dollars to invest in care." You are off by several hundreds of billions of dollars every year. Comparing Canada with the US suggests about 500 billions per year are spent in layers of bureaucracy ( that sorts people into thousands of different buckets and force hospitals, physicians, and other health care providers to math this with their own bloated bureaucracies to shuffle paper and deal with people's billing issues); advertising for sales not to inform; highly inflated salaries for those at the very top of the health industry, who do not provide or further health care; lobbying activities; bureaucracies to deny people care and fight their lawsuits; bureaucracies of lawyers and MBAs to design plans to maximize profits rather than care; and and so forth. Other countries smartly do not want and do not have these unwanted, unproductive expenses. Not covering everyone and thereby having a huge bureaucracies to sort everyone into various insurance plans (and non-plans) and then every year resort them is the definition of stupid: doing the same thing over and over again every year and never learning.
Two statements in the article are fundamentally wrong and thereby misleading. "Even if the U.S. were to implement such a thing tomorrow, however, the crises of our broader economy would make such a system untenable.
progressive movement." These statements are readily contradicted by abundant evidence and recent analysis by Gerald Friedman of the Economics Department of the University of Massachusetts. While the US is the only wealthy industrial country not to have universal coverage its cost per person for medical care greatly exceed all others. So, no "massive investments" are needed to fund single payer and in fact it costs less to cover everyone primarily because of the wasteful incentives and huge corporate overhead. The analysis which highlights this can be found at http://pnhp.org/blog/2013/07/3... It is not surprising that Michael Collins should accept the view of the deficit hawks as this is view promulgated by the corporate media. But, we should note that this same force rarely questions the bloated military budget or asks for a military tax to pay for one penny of military spending. Compare this to the FICA tax to fund social welfare.
This assertion, " however, the crises of our broader economy would make such a system untenable. " is not entirely accurate. If you take the bureaucracy, profit and marketing out of health care you have over a billion dollars to invest in care. Single Payer advocates know that we spend twice as much as any other country for really poor outcomes. This money if spent right could finance single payer. The lack of democracy and the political crisis in our country is the major barrier to quality health care for all.
Those in power (BIG Banks, BIG Oil, BIG Pharma, BIG Weapon Manufacturers, etc. ) along with their regiments of elected complicit puppets (supposed 'representatives of we the People') get socialized medicine; while 'we the People' who vote them in tend to be unworthy of the same. "We the People" must pay dearly for the 'life threatening capitalist for profit healthcare system that's sentences 'we, the compromised folk,' to the proverbial 'poor house' due to exhaustion of funds striving to pay for what is readily given freely (universal healthcare like in Canada, UK, etc.) to citizens in the rest of the civilized world.
If the VA had enough real Medical Doctors they would be great, but since budget cuts have eliminated real experts, they do not have the resources to do really good work. Just ask my DEAD son, who would be alive today if the VA had been able to correctly diagnose his heart problems, even though I called his team and told them he would die if they not do the right thing and diagnose him properly, one month before his untimely death. Now his brother, Matt, whose home was where our first son Jeremy died, is suffering from depression.
This nis NOT a "nation" anymore. It has not been a nation since the government became a "self-agrandizing, self-perpetuating, out-of-the-people's control" EMPIRE run by rich plutocrats.
We don't need "choice" in health care, we need decent, quality care & our bills taken care of. Republicans have played this ridiculous card endlessly, and without any consequence. They've been able to get away with it due to the corporatization of health care, the turning of everything into a commodity. Health Care is NOT that, is NOT something we can just "shop" for. We'll solve this problem when we insist on real health care for all and deny the corporate politicians the ability to pit one against another, citing "choice."
Your term isn't correct. It's a "for profit" (government subsidized) health care system. It's still Medicaid. You also better not use a Christian Nation in the same breath as "government subsidized" or you may get shut out completely.
they hope, we can finally put it towards health care for all people."
And if wishes were horses, beggars would ride.Talking about taking back money from "Wall Street" is cheap, almost meaningless rhetoric. Does anyone here have any serious proposals for changing the medical care system (or anything else)?
Problem is political. Effectively the corporations and the wealthy control the government and decide who gets what. Wealthy people in the US effectively pay less taxes than do their counterparts in the rest of the developed world. And it is this way because they have the political power to make it that way.
The VA actually provides excellent health care as confirmed by most veterans once within the system. The problem within the VA is that its facilities are overwhelmed due the the millions of new veterans resulting from 20 years of war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Our politicians never provided the funding, through new taxes, to build the necessary VA infrastructure. Matt Taibbi wrote about the relationship of politicians and private defense contractors becoming, "a bureaucrat class capable of stealing the same dollar twice -- once from the taxpayer and once from a veteran in a wheelchair."
We don't claim to be a Christian nation, but rather one that separates Church and State. The article suggests that the for-profit health providers are the problem, but we see that the government operated VA system has huge problems also.
A "for profit" health care system. Rationing by lack of insurance or access. This is the shame of our Nation. We claim to be a Christian nation, instead we are turning into hypocrites. Shame! Shame! | 2019-04-19T19:07:31Z | http://inthesetimes.com/article/17395/the_dismantling_of_medicaid |
b and ponders that instruction day and night.
d all that such a person does prospers.
b rather they are like chaff that the wind blows away.
b nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous.
b but the way of evildoers will perish.
"Delight" in the instruction of Yhwh? Whoever is somewhat familiar with the history of German Protestantism will be taken aback at this point. For "delight" in Yhwhs hrwt (instruction), or delight in Yhwhs no/mov, that is, in the "Law" (the LXXs constricting translation of hrwt) could have been regarded as an inappropriate formulation by many Protestants, not only in the past but to some extent also in the present. "Delight" in the instruction of Yhwh? One can well imagine that this formulation will evoke at least the typical accusation of Jewish self-righteousness and works-righteousness. The commentaries, however, present a significantly fuller, more complex picture of anti-Jewish interpretations.
Almost four decades ago H.-J. Kraus, speaking from within the Reformed tradition in his article "Freude an Gottes Gesetz: Ein Beitrag zur Auslegung der Psalmen 1; 19B und 119," pointed to anti-Judaismmeaning theologically based animosity toward Jewsin Old Testament exegesis of Ps. 1. In the following I will attempt to provide a detailed analysis of various forms of anti-Jewish interpretations of Psalm 1.
As some narrowing of scope is necessary, I will focus on Luthers Operationes in Psalmos(1519-21) as well as on the most important scholarly commentaries on the Psalms in German Protestantism of the 19th and 20th centuries beginning with de Wette and Hengstenberg, two quite different interpreters both of whom nonetheless refer to Luther.
I begin with Luthers Operationes in Psalmos, in which his anti-Jewish interpretation is comprehensible only against the background of the exclusivistic Christological background of his entire theology and thus of the exegetical principle that results for interpreting the Old Testament texts, namely, that the sensus literalis is at the same time the sensus propheticus, that is, refers to Jesus Christ. The resulting attacks on Jews are, therefore, hardly to be assessed as isolated lapses. "Salus extra Christum non est" is a central componenent of Luthers theology as well as in his operationes commenting on Psalm 1. The following quotation, referring to v. 1, will serve to illustrate: "Our Psalm doesnt mean the godless and sinful, per se. For every person who is not in Christ is godless and sinful" (p. 169).
Luthers interpretation of another version of the first verse shows this even more pointedly. Verse 1d, "nor sits together with scoffers," reads as follows in Luther, relying on the Vulgate: "nor sits on the dais of the pestilence." It is indisputable whom he means by "on the dais of the pestilence." It is "those Jews who are apostate from Christ, who have deadly venom on their lips and whose wine is gall. For whoever does not teach Christ must inevitably teach against Christ."
Because Jews "are not in Christ" or "do not teach Christ," it follows inexorably in Luthers argumentation that they are to be grouped with the evildoers, the sinners, and the scornful and thus excluded from the congregation of the righteous. "Salus extra Christum non est."
Luthers view of the term instruction (hrwt) is also determined by his Christological exclusivity. In the following quotation, instead of using "delight" (Cpx) and "instruction," Luther follows the Vulgate and uses "free will" (voluntas) and "law" (lex): "The free will to obey the law comes from faith in God through Jesus Christ. Otherwise, it is the case that the will which can be coerced by fear of punishment is a subservient and refractory will; but a will that can be lured by the desire for reward is a bribed and hypocritical will" (p. 175). For Luther, without faith in God through Jesus Christ only an anxious attempt to live according to the Law is conceivable. Because of his Christocentrism, Luther cannot conceive of delight in the divine instruction, based on love of God, such as is found in Jewish thought.
In Luthers interpretation of v. 4 it becomes clear that Christological exclusivity is mortally dangerous for Jews. Commenting on v. 4b, "rather they are like chaff that the wind blows away," Luther writes: "The Psalmist doesnt simply say chaff, but rather chaff that the wind blows away. Not such chaff as peacefully lies there; on the contrary, he means that which is scattered, swirled around, driven hither and yon. One should think, in the first instance, of the Jews. They are driven hither and yon in three ways. First, physically by storms, that is, by the efforts and indignation of the people among whom they live, as we can see before our very eyes: they dont have secure habitations because at any moment they are at the mercy of a storm that seeks to drive them away. Secondly, they are spiritually driven hither and yon by the wind of diverse teachings of pernicious teachers; because they are not rooted in faith in Christ but are confused in their thinking by untrustworthy teachers, their conscience can never be certain and peaceful. Thirdly, on Judgement Day, they will be frightened away and scattered by the eternal storms of Gods irresistible wrath so that they will never find peace even for a moment" (pp. 189f.).
The first point of Luthers exposition legitimizes as scriptural the expulsion and persecution of the Jews that was actually taking place. Enmity toward the Jews, which escalates into pogroms, appears as virtually a divinely willed necessity.
The second point of Luthers exposition repeats in the first place the disparagement of Jewish teachings and teachers discussed above. In addition, Luther deduces from his exclusivistic Christological thinking that a permanent crisis of conscience in which all Jews find themselves derives from their lack of faith in Christ.
In the last point of his exposition, Luther tries to assure the permanent existence of the enmity toward Jews which he had already legitimized for his time. Contrary to Rom 11:15, where Paul brings together the resurrection of the dead and Jews apocalyptic acceptance (pro/slhmyiv) of Christ, Luther pronounces the verdict of their eternal condemnation (a)pobolh/).
Particularly Luthers assertion of the threefold drivenness of the Jews shows clearly that he was unable to rid himself of the Christian Adversus-Judaeos tradition of antiquity and the Middle Ages which had found expression in the Ahasuersus legend of the restless Jew eternally wandering the face of the Earth.
The first 19th-century text relevant to our discussion is Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wettes Commentar �ber die Psalmen, in the third, revised, and updated edition published in Heidelberg in 1829 (1st ed., 1811; 2nd ed., 1823).
In addition to the fact that de Wette, who stands in the Liberal tradition of theology, wrote the first historical-critical commentary on the Psalms, his use of Luther legitimates beginning with him as representative of the newer Protestantism. Following in Herders footsteps, de Wette interprets the Psalms as a direct "expression of feeling" and in his introduction quotes from a pertinent passage in Luthers Vorrede zum Psalter (to which Gunkel will also refer a century later) in which Luther points out that the Psalms offer a look into the heart of the believer. This view of the Psalms as "religious lyric," that is, as an individual literary creation, remains dominant in the 19th century.
In comparison with Luthers anti-Judaism, de Wettes exposition of Psalm 1 comes across as quite moderate. De Wette is essentially a strict historical philologist, convinced of the progressive development of religion.
In the introduction to his commentary on the Psalm, de Wette speaks of a supposed widespread conviction among the Hebrews that virtue would be awarded with happiness while evil would be punished with misfortune. The neglect of the Law would, therefore, be connected with misfortune. Therefore, writes de Wette, "The Hebrews had to hold on to this faith even more firmly because their morality and piety were theocratic, that is, consisted primarily in keeping of the Law and in ritual observance and thus was something external. . . . Among us, who have a more spiritual, more inward conception of virtue and piety, this conviction is refuted by experience so that we do not seek reward for virtue in external happiness" (p. 82).
Although de Wette does not say so explicitly, the entire thrust of his argument suggests that one is to assume that the "external" morality and piety of the Hebrewsor of their equivalent, the Jewsare to be seen as a lower developmental stage compared with the Christians more spiritual and more inward conception of virtue and piety.
De Wette presumes that the authors of the Psalms, by praising delight in Yhwhs instruction and the resulting mode of learning and living, are concerned only with externals.
This presumption doesnt accord with the exegetical findings, because the negatively formulated threefold parallelism in v. 1 ("who walks not in the counsel of evildoers, nor treads the path of sinners, nor sits together with scoffers") is understood to be in relation to the positively formulated v. 7 of the "Shema Israel" in Deut. 6: "and you shall impress them [the words of the Torah] upon your children, and you shall speak of them when you sit in your house and when you are traveling, when you lie down and when you rise." If one includes as well the two directly preceding verses, Deut. 6:5-6 ("And you shall love YHWH, your God, with your whole heart and your whole soul and with all your strength. And these words which I command to you today shall be in your hearts") a more inward or more holistic description of pietythe love of God and Gods instructionis hardly conceivable.
Thanks to the Psalms conscious relating of the negatively formulated v. 1 to the "Shema Israel," the second, positively formulated verse, which speaks of delight in Yhwhs instruction, is also to be understood against the background of the "Shema" and the holistic love of God and Gods instruction expressed therein. That the delight in Yhwhs instruction is something merely "external" is out of the question.
De Wettes presumption that Ps. 1 is concerned only with external legalism is thus exposed as anti-Jewish prejudice.
I turn now to Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenbergs Commentar �ber die Psalmen, I, in the second edition published in Berlin in 1849 (1st ed., 1842).
Representating a new orthodoxy, the so-called Repristination Theology, which sharply rejected both historical-critical and historical-grammatical research as well as Schleiermachers subjectivism, Hengstenbergs commentary on Ps. 1 refers explicitly and repeatedly to Luther.
Similarly to Luther, his exposition of "delight in YHWHs instruction" is exclusivistically Christological. First we read: "There is a greatness in having ones delight in the Law of the Lord. The natural man, even if awareness of the holiness of the Law has been awakened in him and he anxiously tries to satisfy it, does not move beyond fear" (p. 15). By contrast, for Christians (Gods born-again persons), delight in the Law predominates; yet they too must struggle constantly with their delight in sin. Christ alone can lay claim to perfect fulfillment of the Law.
Hengstenbergs observation that only Christ fulfilled the Law implies that Jewsthese "natural," not born-again peoplecontrary to their own self-understanding of the Law are unable to develop more than an attitude of fear.
Based upon his Christological approach, Hengstenberg at another place in his commentary lets fallrather casuallya denigrating judgment on the Jews: "Because the Jewish people did not meet the great demands of v. 1 and 2, it can no longer be a tree bearing fruit in due season; to such a tree will apply the harsh saying of Matt 21:19: may you never bear fruit again" (p. 17).
Using this exegetical or pseudo-exegetical trick, which falsely identifies Israel with the fig tree in the Gospel according to Matthewa further anti-Judaismand then in addition by not allowing the Psalm to speak for itself, Hengstenberg twists what it says into its opposite, for Hengstenbergs verdict of eternal futility now strikes, not the evildoers who reject Yhwhs instruction and according to the Psalm then lose their way, but rather the righteous Jews who with a holistic love of God seek to fulfill Gods instruction.
The next commentary I examine is Hermann Hupfelds Die Psalmen, I, published in 1855 in Gotha (2nd ed., 1867 [Riehm]; 3rd ed., 1888 [Nowack]).
Hupfeld is Hengstenbergs antagonist in Psalm interpretation. Unlike Hengstenberg, Hupfeld is a consistently historical-philological exegete who is concerned to keep the Old Testament free of any dogmatic constraints and to allow it to speak for itself.
Hupfeld believes Ps. 1 must be dated rather late, from which it follows that "not a mere theoretical study of the letter of the law after the manner of later Jews is the result; rather, the very personal expression his delight as well as the context direct attention to the moral content and spirit of the Law" (p. 9).
Underlying Hupfelds exposition is a widespread nineteenth-century history-of-religions model with anti-Jewish implications which, first evident in a systematic manner in de Wette (though not in his commentary on Ps. 1 ), differentiates between preexilic Hebraism or preexilic Israel and postexilic Judaismus or postexilic Judentum. In this model, a natural religiousness and spirituality, as well as a living, prophetic piety of the Word, are granted to Hebraism but to Judaism only an arid legalism and a lifeless piety of the letter of the law.
It is clear that Hupfeld views Ps. 1 as a model for Jer. 17:7ff., and his observation about the "moral content and spirit of the Law" situates the Psalm as still in the stage of Hebraism. Thus follows the verdict that since the postexilic period Jews are no longer capable of comprehending "the moral content and spirit of the law."
I continue with Bernhard Duhms commentary, Die Psalmen, KHC, published in 1899 in Freiburg, Leipzig, and T�bingen (2nd, expanded and revised ed., T�bingen, 1922).
Wellhausens most significant comrade-in-arms in the scholary battles of the day, Duhm too concerns himself with the development of Israelite religion whose climax he sees as occurring in Israelite prophecy. In contrast to the positions discussed thus far which, with the exception of de Wette, all interpret Ps. 1 positively, Duhm interprets it negatively as a product of a degenerate Judaism in the last century before Christ: inter alia, he applies to the Psalm the history-of-religions model of Hebraism and Judaism found already in Hupfeld.
Duhm sees in the contrast between the righteous and the evildoers that characterizes the Psalm the contrast between Jews faithful to the Law and Jews who have abandoned the Law. However, he is apparently capable only of incomprehension or ridicule of the Torah scholars faithfulness to the law and the study of Torah pursued in their synagogues: in commenting on the phrase "sits together with scoffers" in v. 1d, which Duhm refers to Torah-despising, Greek-sympathizing Jews, he says these "without doubt stood in sharp contrast to the synagogues where the Torah scholars wracked their brains over whether or not one could eat an egg that had been laid on the Sabbath" (p. 2).
From a stylistic perspective Duhm is bothered by the double usage of the Hebrew word hrwt in v. 2. The expression hwhy trwt in v. 2a, "YHWHs instruction," should therefore be replaced by hwhy t)ry, "fear of YHWH." The import of Duhms emendation becomes clear in the statement that follows: "In later literature, the fear of Yhwh denotes respect for Gods revelation and obedience to Gods Law, the religio of nomism"(p. 3).
By emending the text to accord with his meaning he creates a peg on which to hang his negative characterization of Judaism as a nomistic religion.
That Duhm regards this nomism as religio-historical decline is evident from the following quotation which, in an exact reversal of Hupfeld, views the Psalm as dependent on Jer. 17:7ff.: "In Jeremiah there is a general concern with proper trust in God and erroneous trust in man; here [in the Psalm] the concern is the incessant study of the Law and ridicule of it. One can see how nomism has narrowed the purview" (p. 3).
Commenting on v. 3d, "all that such a person does prospers," Duhm says, finally: "Even if the devout person studies the Torah day and night, that does not exclude other activities; in everything he doescommerce, handwork, marriagehe is happy. The author believes (without any qualms) in the recompense doctrine, as expressed in Psalm 73 or in the Book of Job. Whoever becomes so wrapped up in the Torah misses out on the lessons of reality" (p. 3).
Thus Duhm, like Hengstenberg, converted the message of the Psalm into its opposite. For, rather than teaching "the lessons of reality," Ps. 1, the overture to Psalter, has the diverse reality of the suffering of the righteous in view, which is a common theme in the Book of Psalms. Ps. 1 counters this reality of suffering with a perspective of hope which praises a life lived according to the Torah as the more promising way, despite all appearances to the contrary. By no means does the Psalm represent a loss of reality in favor of a concern for pure doctrine.
The first commentary of the twentieth century to contain anti-Jewish interpretations is Rudolf Kittels Die Psalmen, KAT, XIII, which appeared in the fifth/sixth edition in 1929 (1st/2nd ed., 1914) in Leipzig.
Although Kittel does not belong to the Wellhausen schoolinter alia, he rejects its late dating of the Psalmshis interpretation of Ps. 1 follows the path laid down by Duhm, especially with regard to his negative view of the Psalm.
Kittel takes verse ones separation of the righteous from evildoers, sinners, and scoffers to refer to pagans or to Jews inclined to paganism: "Since the days of Ezra, Judaism has made this separation from pagans a most strict obligation; the principle itself, however, is older . . . Ever since pagan or pagan-friendly stirrings had crept into the community, the principle was applied also to Jews favorably inclined to paganism, especially to those who favoured things Greek. Down through the centuries, Judaism believed itself best able to preserve its national and religious characteristics through what Tacitus called its odium generis humanianimosity toward others and separation from those who differ from themselves."
Quite apart from the fact that v. 1 refers primarily to separation from evildoers, sinners, and scoffers within the Psalmists own community, Kittel misjudges the nature of Israels separation from other peoples as seen, for example, in the Book of Ezra. This separation, or rather this never consistently realized demand for separation, served to protect Israels confession that "YHWH is our God, YHWH alone" (Deut. 6:4) and, after the Exile, to prevent Israel from turning once again to worship of the idols of the peoples living in the land, as had been the case before the Exile.
This demand for preservation of Jewish identity or the partially realized practice of separation from others after the Exile Kittel maliciously turns into Jews "animosity" toward others throughout history. This idea, carried to its logical conclusion, means that it was this Jewish animosity that provoked the hatred and the persecutions to which Jews have been subjected for centuries and from which they still suffer.
Finally, for Kittel the classical contrast between righteousness by faith and works-righteousness cannot fail to be included; Kittel links it with the contrast between prophetic Hebraism and legalistic Judaism: "It is the difference between prophetic and legalistic piety, the contrast between works-righteousness and righteousness by faith, which is reflected here and which clearly shows that Ps. 1 is later than Jer 17. The Psalm contains a reinterpretation of the prophetic word in a legalistic Judaistic sense. There can be no doubt which of these two views of God-pleasing conduct Jesus and Paul attached themselves to. But one should not be misled by the insight that the prophetic stage of piety and knowledge of God is superior to the legalistic stage into the error of thinking that the latter is worthless. To disdain it would be to misjudge its lofty purpose; during the time when prophecy was dying out, it served as a substitute for the living prophetic word and preserved and saved the great achievements of Israels past for a greater future" (p. 5).
Jewish life according to the Torah in the Second Temple period thus has no worth in itself. Jews were fulfilling only a substitute and fill-in function between the dying out of the age of prophecy and the beginning of the church, preserving for the church the great accomplishments of Israels past, that is, Hebraisms prophetic piety. Implied in Kittels conceding to Jews this one function in the Second Temple period is that, following the saving events connected with Jesus, Jewish life has been bereft of any significance whatever.
I come now to Hermann Gunkels commentary, Die Psalmen, HK, in the fourth edition published in G�ttingen in 1926 (5th unaltered printing, 1968).
In contrast to the traditional view that the Psalms are "religious songs" to be understood in the context of their time and their place in the history of Israelite religion, Gunkels genre approach, particularly his search for the psalms cultic "Sitz im Leben," does indeed constitute a paradigm shift; however, this is of no significance for his interpretation of Ps. 1 since Gunkel, along with all subsequent commentators, is convinced that Ps. 1 is a didactic wisdom poem with no cultic "Sitz im Leben."
Like Duhm and Kittel, Gunkel too interprets the Psalm negatively. Compared with the previously sketched anti-Jewish interpretations, he offers nothing new. Rather, situating the psalm in a general history-of-religions context, he essentially repeats the thesis of the degeneration of the true, prophetic piety into a legalistic version thereof. "In the history of religion one not infrequently observes that religion, after experiencing a powerful upsurge through eminent prophets, then fashions a canon out of the Scriptures of the great past which it thenceforth reveres as the essence of divine revelation. In such periods, a substantial portion of piety exists in an intimate familiarity with the letter of the Holy Scriptures. . . . Thus, the righteous person, according to this Psalm, spends his entire time joyfully studying the Law in order to learn more and more about Gods willa typical picture of Jewish piety. . . . Noteworthy is that Jer. 17:5ff., the prophetic passage which the psalmist imitates, . . . says that the pious person trusts Yhwh; here, in place of trust in God, erudition in the Law has entered in."
Hans Schmidts argument in his commentary, Die Psalmen, HAT, published in T�bingen in 1934, is similar to Gunkels.
Referring to postexilic Judaism, he writes: "During this period one no longer lives ones piety out of a direct experience of God. The voice of his living messengers, the Prophets, has fallen silent. In their place, one has the Holy Book, which governs religion. The time is late, a time of epigones" (p. 2).
As far back as 1923 Alfred Bertholet had spoken of "Late Judaism [Sp�tjudentum]" in connection with Ps. 1 (p. 120) in his brief commentary, Die Heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments, II (T�bingen). In other words, Judaism is an expiring model which comes to an end as soon as it brings forth Jesus Christ.
I proceed with Artur Weisers commentary, Die Psalmen, ATD, which appeared in the seventh edition in 1966 in G�ttingen. The first edition appeared already in 1935; the tenth edition was published in 1987, and is still available.
Weiser, who represents a cult-historical approach and in his introduction refers to Luther in a manner reminiscent of de Wette and Gunkel, once again understands the Psalm positively, as had Luther, Hengstenberg, and Hupfeld.
The contrast between Hebraism and Judaism that we observed frequently in the preceding discussion emerges in a new version shifted to a later point in time: Weiser sets the teachers of wisdom, in whose ranks he presumes the authors of the Psalms belong, over against the Pharisees. This juxtaposition corresponds for him with the contrast between inward and outward Law-piety. "The poet of the Psalm does not get bogged down in the external aspect of Law-piety. . . . Therefore, his counsel to meditate upon the Law day and night is to be understood less in the sense of an external, acquired Law erudition, such as the strict Jew still pursues today, and more as an admonition to submit oneself unremittingly to Gods will. . . . Already in the Old Testament, the nature of the biblical will of God is that it is manifest not only in individual commandments the fulfillment of which casts off, as it were, the burden of responsibility, but rather as a persisting demand from God which lays claim to the whole person" (pp. 70f.).
In other words, in contrast with the Psalmist whom Weiser has associated with the teachers of wisdom and who knows Gods demands and Gods will for the whole person, every strict Jew who tries to take every single commandment seriously and to live each of them out does not measure up to Gods demands and Gods will. A decision to live in accord with Gods will can become outright dangerous "if it is bent into a calculating recompense-belief and leads to thinking that one can make demands on God. . . . The Jewish faith, as the Old Testament shows many times over, frequently succumbed to such dangers in a variety of ways" (p. 71).
Protestant theological cliche thus obliterates completely the reality of Jewish life. As in Luther, Jewish life in accord with the Torahbe it the most devout and perfect on earthstill remains imprisoned in the sphere of works-righteousness. Apart from Jesus Christ, the attempt to live a life according to the Law is condemned to failure and is conceivable only as coerced obedience or as avaricious desire for a reward from God.
Finally, Hans-Joachim Krauss commentary, Psalmen, BK.AT, XV/1, in the fifth, thoroughly revised and updated edition published in Neukirchen-Vluyn in 1978 (1st ed., 1960; 2nd ed., 1961 [skimmed]; 3rd ed., 1966; 4th ed., 1972).
Like Weiser, Kraus, approaching the Psalm as a form-critic, understands it in a positive sense as a didactic wisdom poem, specifically a Torah-Psalm. Analogously to the concern expressed in his 1950/51 article cited at the beginning, Kraus here says of the term hrwt, "Every narrowing of the term Law and every judging of Jewish nomism is to be rejected" (p. 142).
More cautiously phrased than Weiser but in substance similar to him, he says at the end of his commentary on the Psalm that the way it pictures the qydc, "the righteous person," shows characteristics of the superindividualistic paradigm which "the Pharisee, with his external, rigourous Law observance is unable to fulfill" (p. 142). The hrwt has been fulfilled only by Jesus Christ, through whom and by whom Christians have been translated into the fortunate state of being the nova creatura of the qydc. "Salus extra Christum non est."
The first model, seen in Luther, Hengstenberg, Weiser, and Kraus, is marked by positive interpretation of the Psalm and consequently by Christian appropriation of it. On the other hand, Jews are deemed incapable of attaining the theological level of the Psalm both in theory and practice because (reducing what these interpreters say to its essence) Jews in their strict adherence to nomism cut themselves off from the Christian truth.
The representatives of this model can be differentiated further: whereas Luther reads the Psalm completely unhistorically, Hengstenberg, and especially Weiser and Kraus, seek to place it in historical perspective. However, this has no effect on their Christian appropriation of the Psalm.
With certain restrictions Hupfelds commentary can also be included with this model of interpretation. He too understands the Psalm positively and views Jewish use of it negatively, but he rejects any Christian appropriation of it.
The second model, found in Duhm, Kittel, Bertholet, Gunkel, and Schmidt, is that of religio-historical degeneration. The distinguishing feature of this model is that the Psalm is seen as the product of a "decayed post-prophetic Judaism." A logical consequence, as Duhm explains (p. 5), is that "an unconditional appropriation of the content of Ps. 1" is prohibited.
The third model of interpretation, represented by de Wette, is that of religio-historical progression. In contrast with the Hebrew-Jewish level of religious development, which is characterized as external and superficial, Christian religiousness is seen as more spiritual, more inward, and thus stands qualitatively higher on the religious scale.
If one were to look for a common basis of the anti-Jewish statements of these exegetes, a decisive factor, in my opinion, is Christology, more specifically, the Reformations justification-Christology with its exclusivistic, anti-Jewish configuration. This can be demonstrated explicitly only for Model 1 commentators. Yet, since the notion of Jewish nomism runs through all the commentaries, the anti-Jewish statements of Model 2 and Model 3 commentators can also be traced ultimately to the Reformations justification-Christology.
I find indirect confirmation of the above in the fact that in nine of the Roman Catholic commentaries of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (the nine are actually all there are) noor at least no explicitanti-Jewish interpretations of Psalm 1 are evident. As I see it, this is because the doctrine of justification by grace through faith plays a much smaller role in the Roman Catholic tradition than it does in Protestantism. Consequently, the Roman Catholic tradition does not manifest a fear, bordering on the pathological, of Law observance.
I would like to conclude with a brief exegesis of Ps. 1:2 by an unknown Torah scholar taken from the Midrash Tehillim I.12, which could serve to encourage modesty in Christian interpreters. The text reads: "On the contrary, he has his delight in the Torah of the Eternal One; this refers to the seven commandments enjoined on Noahs children." The scholar could have made it much easier for himself if he had applied the verse to his own Torah studies and to that of his colleagues. It could have been a nice self-affirmation. But no, he applies the verse to us who belong to the "nations" and praises us as happy (Ps. 1:1a) if we cheerfully seek to live according to the Noachide commandments. Up to the present time, one seeks in vain for a comparable Christian interpretation, which praises Jews for their joyous delight in the Torah.
This article presents a detailed analysis of the different forms of anti-Jewish interpretations of Psalm 1 by M. Luther and in Modern German Protestantism (as exemplified by W.M.L de Wette, E.W. Hengstenberg, H. Hupfeld, B. Duhm, R. Kittel, H. Gunkel, A. Weiser, and H. -J. Kraus). These commentaries reviewed fall into three models of interpretation. The first model is marked by positive interpretation and Christian appropriation. In this model the Jews are deemed incapable of attaining the theological level of the Psalm, becauseand reducing what these interpreters say to its essencethe Jews in their strict adherence to nomism cut themselves off from the Christian truth. The second model is that of religio-historical degeneration. The distinguishing feature of this model is that the Psalm is seen as the product of a "decayed post-prophetic Judaism." The third model is that of religio-historical progression. In contrast with the Hebrew-Jewish level of religious development, which is characterized as external and superficial, Christian religiousness is seen as more spiritual, more inward, and thus it is considered higher on the religious scale. If one were to look for a common basis of the anti-Jewish statements of these exegetes, a decisive factor, in my opinion, is Christology, more specifically, the Reformations justification-Christology with its exclusivist, anti-Jewish configuration. | 2019-04-26T16:39:49Z | http://www.jhsonline.org/Articles/article8.htm |
When we last caught up with Bob Dylan, out on Highway 61, it was nine albums and a decade earlier. Whereas there were a few Dylan records considered for the afyccim 60’s list, “Blood On The Tracks” was the only contender for the 70’s and is seen by many as his best work from that era. It topped the US album charts and peaked at No.4 in the UK. Rolling Stone’s recent listing of their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time ranked “Blood On The Tracks” in the 16th spot; his third highest under “Highway 61 Revisited” (4th) and “Blonde On Blonde” (9th).
On July 29, 1966, barely two months after the release of “Blonde On Blonde”, Dylan injured himself in a motorcycle accident. Although the scale of his injuries are still unknown, Dylan became reclusive and stayed with his wife Sara to help raise their family in Woodstock. Before the year’s end, he hooked up with the musicians who had backed him on his last tour of the UK, and would eventually become The Band. They recorded demos in a rented house nicknamed Big Pink (yes, THAT Big Pink) which were freely shared by Dylan’s publisher in the hope of attracting cover versions. These songs were famously bootlegged until portions of the sessions were finally released as “The Basement Tapes” in 1975. Dylan’s songwriting was now showing a more direct approach and a heavier influence of country, blues and traditional folk was shining through. This was evident on his last two albums of the sixties, 1967’s “John Wesley Harding” and 1969’s “Nashville Skyline”.
The seventies were a turbulent period for Dylan and his first record for the decade, 1970’s double-album “Self Portrait”, was panned by critics and the public alike. Conversely, he released his follow-up album, “New Morning”, that same year which was hailed as a comeback. In 1972, Dylan landed a role in Sam Peckinpah’s movie “Pat Garret and Billy the Kid”, and also wrote the soundtrack, which featured ‘Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door’. 1973’s “Dylan” was a collection of “Self Portrait” outtakes which tanked, but his next record, 1974’s “Planet Waves”, would become his first number one album. He recruited The Band for the accompanying tour, which was documented on the excellent live album “Before The Flood”.
This brings us to “Blood On The Tracks”, which was initially recorded at a New York studio in less than a week during September, 1974. Dylan was notorious for working quickly in the studio, but his drive during these sessions were unprecedented. Not wholly satisfied with the results, Dylan returned to his native Minnesota in December and re-cut five of the album’s songs with session musicians. This accounts for the two distinct arrangement styles used on the record.
Anything predominantly acoustic can be rightly assumed as originating from the New York sessions, which are by far my favourites. The heartbreaking tale of love gone wrong in ‘Simple Twist of Fate’ ranks as one of Dylan’s finest work, no doubt mirroring his failing marriage at the time. I think the album’s best tracks are the last two, ‘Shelter from the Storm’ and ‘Buckets of Rain’, which feel like that cool glass of water you crave on a hot day. I found it hard to go back to the beginning of the album, as I just wanted to keep listening to those songs.
‘Tangled Up In Blue’ is easily the highlight of the Minnesota recordings, and is possibly the album’s most famous track. Although it is hailed as one of his best, I can’t get into ‘Idiot Wind’. Something about the song annoys me and I can’t get past it. I’m bored after about three minutes of ‘Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts’ too and I struggle to make it to the nine minute finish line.
While this album won’t win you over if you’re not already a Dylan fan, there’s a lot to enjoy here. One of the biggest legacies this record gave the music industry is that you CAN write about your relationship struggles and share your stories of heartbreak, anger and forgiveness. Music doesn’t always have to be about adolescent love or sunshine and lollipops.
We see a different Dylan on “Blood on the Tracks”. He’s a man who had fame and critical lauding, despite not really wanting it. A motorcycle accident in 1966 was the perfect excuse to retreat from the limelight for a while. Between his opus that was “Bringing It All Back Home / Highway 61 Revisited / Blonde on Blonde” and “Blood on the Tracks” there were albums that had a few good singles, but none of them stood up as a whole to the standard we’d come to expect from our favourite troubadour. On “Blood on the Tracks” Dylan seems to strip it all back. His marriage was failing and like any poet he channelled that onto the page and held nothing back. What results is an album that is confessional, messy, honest, painful, angry and at times achingly beautiful. These songs range the gamut of Dylan’s emotions, from the tenderness that is ‘Shelter from the Storm’ to the accusational ‘Idiot Wind’, as he left no stone unturned. Dylan has said of the album “A lot of people tell me they enjoy that album. It’s hard for me to relate to that. I mean, it, you know, people enjoying that type of pain, you know?” We need people like Bob Dylan to write albums like “Blood on the Tracks”. They need to be written for those of us who don’t have the lyrical poetry to channel those emotions ourselves. We need them to help us find the voice for whatever our experiences in life may be, because if there is anything that unites us as humans it’s the fact that we all love, we all hurt and we all bleed. Dylan embraced all of that in a beautiful, shambolic mess on “Blood on the Tracks”. Every song that has a place on this album is exactly as it should be.
We all know I’m the biggest Bob Dylan fan the world has ever seen, and to be honest I didn’t really enjoy this album. I did however, find a practical use for it. It’s quite relaxing background music. I was playing it driving to my football game yesterday and it really chilled me out, took my brain off the game when I needed it. So well done, Dylan. You came through when I needed you. There were only two songs on “Blood On The Tracks” that I liked, and liked is being generous. ‘Tangled Up In Blue’ was the best choice to open the album. It’s the quintessential Bob Dylan song, following Dylan’s timing and rhyming (Ha!) structure. Musically though, I find it fairly unremarkable, but I guess Bob Dylan’s strength is his story telling, and maybe he wouldn’t want the music taking away from that? It’s a risky mover though, relying on the lyrics for nigh on six minutes. It lost me at about five minutes with no musical dynamics. Indeed the only change comes in the last minute, with the obligatory Dylan harmonica solo. The other song I thought was ok was ‘Simple Twist Of Fate’, and this is mostly due to the bass lines. In this song I tended to lose the guitar behind the lyrics, and the bass stood right out. Again, the song is fairly repetitive, but it is one of the few I could actually listen to all the way through. I can’t help but feel like Bob Dylan was a poet who realised he was never gonna make any money from poems, so he added a guitar and harmonica and bang, rich and famous. I do dig his stories, if only the music was a little more interesting, I would probably be sold.
Having developed a liking for Bob Dylan during the afyccim 60’s, I was delighted to find that this was favourite album of the 70’s so far. Compared to 1965’s “Highway 61 Revisited”, this album, “Blood on the Tracks” has a much deeper feel to it. Dylan’s distinct staccato vocal is there, but it has a new warmth and an edge of softness to it, as he tells stories of love and loss. I think that the album overall has more feeling invested in it, with Dylan pouring his own life experiences and emotions not only into the poetic lyrics, but into the music itself. “Blood on the Tracks” is quite intriguing to me, in that the themes are quite dark and melancholic, with Dylan singing about death, heartbreak, political issues and other depressing subjects, but still I am drawn to listen to it, because it strikes a chord within me, and still manages to maintain that air of warmth. Sometimes Dylan is out of tune, and sometimes his harmonica-ing is all over the place, but it doesn’t matter, it’s the imperfections that make Bob Dylan’s work more brilliant and believable, especially listening to it with the retrospect of modern day music (over) production. My favourite track of the album is ‘If You See Her, Say Hello’, Dylan sings so earnestly with a certain vulnerability that gives me goosebumps. It’s the first Bob Dylan song I’ve heard where I felt he was truly wearing his heart on his sleeve, in a really personal way. Some people have touted this album as Dylan’s greatest; I can’t confirm nor deny this claim, since I have only listened to 2 of his 35 studio albums. But I can say that this is the side of Bob Dylan I like; vulnerable, open, honest and even more believable.
This album is the first of many transitions in the long career of Bob Dylan. His songs and albums have been woven into pop culture over the decades, and love him or loathe him you don’t have to look far to see his influence on popular music. Up until this point, Dylan had been making albums that were very sparsely produced; often just his voice, a guitar and a harmonica. He had been hailed as the saviour of the folk scene and found himself the unwilling spokesperson for a generation. He had brought out “Bringing It All Back Home” five months earlier, which featured a full electric rock band arrangement on all the songs on the first side. Although the second half of the album appeared to be his trademark acoustic folk/pop fare, he had moved away from the protest songs he had become synonymous with, favouring introspective and emotional themes. Shortly after that album’s release, Dylan performed a set at the Newport Folk Festival that saw several audience members boo him for playing an electric guitar, and having a full band. Many members of the folk scene mourned that he’d lost his way and betrayed them. Dylan just wanted to sing his songs, and not go out on stage by himself for the rest of his career.
‘Like a Rolling Stone’ is probably the most famous song on “Highway 61 Revisited”, regularly sitting at high positions on Greatest Song polls around the world. When Bruce Springsteen inducted Bob Dylan into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 he said that the song’s opening snare shot “sounded like somebody’d kicked open the door to your mind”. What a fitting way to start this album, and to finally signal the end of his time as a protest singer. The song also changed the blueprint of the radio hit single by exceeding the hallowed three minutes and coming in at over six. To call the song a classic is an understatement; most people upon hearing the first line will chime in with “didn’t you?”.
There are so many great moments here. The seedy sounding piano that opens ‘Ballad of a Thin Man’ makes the listener feel like they’ve stepped into the wrong saloon, especially when the ominous chorus line comes: “Because something is happening here/But you don’t know what it is/Do you, Mister Jones?” In the ramshackle rush of ‘Tombstone Blues’ Dylan threatens to leave the other musicians behind as several cues are nearly missed throughout the track. The wonderful ‘Queen Jane Approximately’ just might be my favourite Dylan song title and the rock chug of ‘From a Buick 6’ will get any foot tapping. The last song on the album is the only one without drums or an electric guitar, the beautiful eleven minute epic ‘Desolation Row’. What the song means is anyone’s guess, but the imagery is astounding. Dylan peppers the lyrics with many characters – fictional, biblical and historical – that drop in and out like tourists. The constant flourishes from Nashville’s Charlie McCoy on flamenco guitar adds to the beauty of this exceptional song. Arguably one of the best closing tracks ever recorded.
What Dylan did with this record was challenge his fans. Some turned their back, some came through the door kicking and screaming; others more willingly. I believe he showed other artists they could reinvent themselves, and acts like the Beatles, Bowie, U2 and Madonna took note. I saw Dylan at the Blues n Roots Festival in Fremantle last year and he performed three songs off this album. For an artist who doesn’t often look back, that’s a testament to his opinion of the record, and its enduring legacy.
Bob Dylan was, and still is, quite a prolific writer. In the 60s he released nine albums alone, of which a handful could have been included in this project. “Highway 61 Revisited” was recorded around the time the Dylan ‘went electric’, thus upsetting the folk kids. Those with an open mind saw it for the brilliance that it was. It is with good reason that two of Dylan’s albums feature in the top ten of Rolling Stone magazine’s ‘500 Greatest Albums of all Time’, with “Highway 61 Revisited” coming in at #4. For those playing at home the song ‘Like a Rolling Stone’ came in at #1 on their ‘500 Greatest Songs of all Time‘ list. Now, I want to talk a little bit about poetry. The term ‘high school poetry’ is one I’ve bandied around a bit. I use it to describe lyrics that whilst have good intentions come across a little forced and, dare I say it, pretentious. They are lyrics that try hard to be meaningful or clever but tend to be intellectualised rather than emotionally realised. Real poetry, to me, doesn’t need to be understood. It transcends the words and it’s something you connect to or don’t. It’s like good art or music. You don’t know why you like it, you just do. Do I understand the lyric “The sun’s not yellow it’s chicken”? No. Do I care? Not at all, because whilst I don’t understand it, I believe Dylan does. And this is where Bob Dylan, like so many of the great writers and poets, excels for me. This an album I’m very familiar with, so it was an absolute pleasure to revisit it all week long. I’m hard pressed to pick a favourite song as the album is so solid, but at a push I’d say ‘Queen Jane Approximately’.
Fun fact: one of my favourite things in the world to do is sing crappy pop songs in the style of Bob Dylan. Try it!
This is not the first time I’ve listened to this album. I’ve enjoyed it before. It kicks off with ‘Like a Rolling Stone’, which is a timeless classic. The song that was written after Dylan completed a long slog of a tour of England. It was never meant to even be a song, it was just Dylan channelling his anger on paper, until he read it at the piano. It changes the song a bit for me, thinking of it in its context. After that though, the whole album is a bit of a blur to me. Perhaps I’m the only one, but every song seems very similar. I did take particular notice of ‘Tombstone Blues’ though. It’s a pretty fun song, even if I had no idea what it was about. That brings up my next point: does anyone have a clue what Bob Dylan was on about? At all? Ever? Maybe it’s just too deep for me. ‘From a Buick 6’ is the track I think is the best musically, with a rock solid bass line, that typically jangly guitar sound, and a blazing harmonica solo. And why not, when you play blues harmonica like that! ‘Ballad of a Thin Man’. What an odd song. Wikipedia says that it’s the story of a normal bloke walking in to a room of “intentionally bizarre circus freaks”. Whatever it’s really about, there’s an awful lot of “and he said, and you said”. Also, points for using the words “one-eyed midget” in a song. If you’re a folk/blues fan, you probably dug this album. This time around, though, I just couldn’t get in to it.
Ok so if you’re like me and think that Bob Dylan is not for you, you’ll soon see the error in your ways, because, truth be told, Bob Dylan has something for everyone. Dylan’s style traverses many musical genres, including folk, rock and roll, blues, gospel, country and rockabilly. This album was quite revolutionary; it pioneered the blending of folk and rock, by utilizing a mixture of acoustic and electric instrumentation. I think that this gives the songs a really rich depth of sound and it makes it easier to distinguish the different timbres of the instruments, which I really like. I was transfixed by Dylan’s distinctive staccato vocal and vividly descriptive lyrics. He really is a bloody fantastic story teller and you find yourself waiting for the next verse, just to find out what happens next in the tale he’s recounting to you. I also found myself trying to figure out the hidden meanings behind what he was saying, particularly in tracks ‘Like a Rolling Stone’ and ‘Tombstone Blues’, which feature highly loaded lyrics. At times I felt as though the whole thing was about to fall over; on several of the tracks the lead guitar seems to drop out of sync with the percussion. And on others, the lead guitar is really out of tune (‘Queen Jane approximately’). Somehow it still works a treat! My stand out favourite track is ‘Desolution Row’, which is thought to tell the tale of the lynching of 3 rapists in Dylan’s home town. This song cleverly juxtaposes the unspeakable; a pretty ballad accented with a south-western style counter-melody, and is the only fully-acoustic song on the album. In fact this track epitomises everything that Highway 61 represents; beautiful and understated musicianship, poetry, and social commentary. A perfect conclusion to a truly iconic album that I can honestly say I wholeheartedly loved. | 2019-04-24T08:52:55Z | https://afyccim.wordpress.com/tag/bob-dylan/ |
FAP Turbo is one of the oldest Expert Advisors that is still very popular to this day. Besides the English version, it’s also available in Spanish and Chinese languages.
There’s a saying that during tough times the rich are made as well as the poor. The markets swing like crazy and any experienced Forex trader would tell you that it’s a trader’s paradise. It is the time when most profits are made.
But what do you do if you don’t have enough experience to trade? You can lose just as much. However, the modern technology delivers it to you on the silver plate – the automated forex software built by expert traders to automate their mundane daily tasks. Systems kept away from the public in the beginning are now available and you can take a shortcut to professional forex trading with no prior knowledge.
FAP Turbo is one of these systems. The question is, does it deliver?
A unique feature that doesn’t fall under any criterion, is FAP Turbo’s online robot. Every trading software works on your computer and you need to keep your computer running at all times. FAP Turbo has this version of software too, but in addition to that it has online software that runs on its own server and you only need the computer to access your account.
So is it worth a try? You can get your feet wet in forex trading, you can set up an automated income stream, and the wild markets as they are now is the perfect time to do so, it may not happen again in the next 50 years.
1. What countries can FAP Turbo work in? What if I live outside US?
FAP Turbo works in any country of the world, it doesn’t matter if you live in US, UK, Spain, Germany, France or any other country. It’s completely international.
2. What brokers should I use for FAP Turbo?
FAP Turbo can be used with any broker that supports Metatrader 4 platform. That’s the most popular platform so most of the popular brokers use it (FXCM, FXDD, InterbankFX, Alpari, etc.). If you’re not sure if your broker is using Metatrader 4 platform, contact them via their help desk.
3. What GMT offset should I use for the scalper?
The GMT offset should match your broker’s timezone, not yours. So to find out the correct offset, you should see the current time in your broker account, then compare it to the current GMT time (www.greenwichmeantime.com) to find out the offset.
Your local taxes apply on your income from FAP Turbo. You should consult your local attorneys if you don’t know what taxes would you fall under (if any).
5. Will I get the same results as seen on FAP Turbo site (or why are my results different from those on FAP Turbo site)?
The trading results on FAP Turbo website are from the system running at constantly tweaked settings to achieve the best performance. It’s nearly impossible to replicate the exact results even under the same settings, so you should not worry about that. Everyone will have different results, the only thing you should worry about is your profitability for which FAP Turbo is optimized to achieve with minimal risk.
I’m a newbee in this Forex. Would like your advice on a few issues.
1. Is FabTurbo good as advertised and should I buy it?
2. Could you help me to tweak the settings in Fabturbo?
3. I’m planning to try a demo account and open an account with Broco Investor. Does this ECN support MT4 and can I use fabturbo thru them?
4. What is GMT setting. I’m in Malaysia and do I need to change the settings in Fabturbo?
I saw a few advert giving discount on Fabturbo, as high as $50 discount…Are they selling the same Fabturbo or clones..?
They’re probably giving rebates, but be careful, because FAP Turbo is selling through Clickbank which forbids cash rebates. Chances are you may not get it at all.
Be very careful. I am at a 14.07% drawdown from my inital investment using FAP Turbo 49. I ran FAP Turbo for approx. 2 months in demo before using real money, everything went well and was profitable in demo. After beginning real trading I was up over 10% in just over one week. The second week of live trading had 3 losing trades placing me at a 14.07% loss from my starting account balance. I’m using low spreads on all trading pairs as defined in the FAP Turbo User’s Guide.
So, Kevin, you are saying this robot is just another robot floating around?
Im do agree with kevin, this software is not really profitable. think twice before you guys buy it!
FAP Turbo is over rated. At one time it may have been a good EA but not any more. If you want to make your broker happy use FAP Turbo. All the profit you make “each” month will be loss in the same month by a stupid trade hitting a stop loss. Even Donna Forex who is the “biggest” fan of FAP Turbo has stop using it. Her web site donnaforex.com. She also tests other EAs.
The guys at one of the biggest broker in the world are happy when people using and loosing on FAPtubo.
Wake up and realise, Robots may be good for Lost In Space, but NOW they are not ready to do true trading work.
Stay real, teach yourself, trade forex using your brain, and await the arrival of a true Robot that will do as we all wish.
Them there is some big words, but truthful.
Remember, it is better to be pissed off than pissed on.
NOW : have I to buy or sell an amount of currency ?
Or FAPTurbo does it for me automaticaly ?
Joe, the idea is that it trades automatically.
So should I buy Fap Turbo or not does it really work. I am getting a bit confused with all the different reviews and I need an honest opinion.
It is still getting positive feedback after 1.5 years since release, so it does work. But it’s not perfect (no robot is), so it will get negative feedback too.
I think you just have to test it and see if it works for you. If it doesn’t, you have 60 days to get a refund from Clickbank.
As you can see, it is capable of big losses, which makes it quite risky. But it is also able to make consistent wins.
At the end of the day it’s for you to decide.
They have just issued an upgrade – they say its suppose to be good? I will test it and update in good time.
I bought FAP Turbo couple of days before and till now i didnt get the username/password to download it or any other info on how to download the software. So i did ask for a refund from Clickbank and i got the refund requested and have to wait for a couple of days before it gets updated on my card. Beware before you buy FAP Turbo.
Alternatively you could have contacted their support and asked some help with what was clearly just a technical issue. Really, FAP Turbo is not the software you would doubt doesn’t even exist. Someone would have noticed by now, lol. But it’s up to you.
I have tested FapTurbo since the begining of this year.
It did a lot a of great trades, but sometimes it took a lot a stupid trades and hit stop loss and almost all of your profit are lost.Still not enough confidence in FapTurbo to go with a live account.
So, now i really don’t know what to think about this EA.
I am about to jump into this trading game. I see a person from “ADMIN” is also posting answers. I need to ask this person(S), If they affiliated with the company?, or, are they a 3rd party? I am very on my heels about the entire tradeing thing sice our past “MELTDOWN”. Is this Company out there to get the rest of our money in America only to crash the market again with all of our hard traded money? OR….. Are they really trying to get as many people on board to financial freedom to the 10 power. FOR REAL? Because I don’t know about the rest of you but!!!!.. I am soooo over liers and cheats to steal my money any snake way possible. I need real good evidence to a good heart.
I’m affiliated in terms that the links to the official FAP Turbo site are ad links and should anyone buy after clicking through them, I get a commission. But I don’t work directly for them, and most likely they don’t even know I exist.
Same with all products reviewed on this site.
But all comments (positive and negative) are all from completely independent users as far as I can tell.
If you’re gonna buy, do your due diligence and research anything you’re gonna buy as much as you can. I can only hope I can help people with this site to make a decision, mostly by allowing the users to share their first hand experience with others.
Nice reply. I am in the same mind set about this. many people does not research enough. SO what software do you use.? ADMIN.
I hope all of you can get through hard times and not let the snake take your money ever again.
I can’t give a definitive answer. I don’t want to endorse any particular software. What I’m working on is live testing of the best systems but still leaving the decision for anyone interested. I hope to publish more of these tests soon.
Does anybody have the Phone number for Fab turbo?
My credit card has been charged for a purchase but I have not received anything. I have sent several Emails got have got no response.
ran this pc of crap on 4 different brokers, dont make the mistake of running past your 60 day refund, go to clickbank and get your money back now!.if this is rated no 1 then what are the rest like? if you go to fxcm you can download over 30 ea’s for free , most work better than fap turbo.
So a bit hit and miss but overall good profit. going live next month.
Thanks Dave for the tip on FXCM.com, most useful information. Better choices for free than most EAs I’ve bought. I’m done with EAs hawked through ClickBank – they just don’t work. I will keep reading the boards on the off-chance someone finds an EA that actually works. What I did find that works is buying signals from an expert EA manager. Have had great results, but it is expensive. Costs nearly a grand a month for advisories, but they have been right 9 of 10 times and if you have money to invest, you will more than cover the expense of the advisories.
FAP is not bad, nor very well, but i agree with alex and add that its best to close myself loosing trade before the lost is too important. The main think i desagree with fap turbo is that is don’t kwow cuting losses.
I use only the scalping on FAP, what is your opinion with the long terme trading of the FAPturbo (i’m scaring for using it for the moment!!) Thank youuuu for your answer.
Their security issues made it impossible to get it to work properly. It is a waste of time, in my mind. Like most every EA… the only ones doing something on live account are forex hacked and Forex legend. I had bad experience with dozens of them, including Megadroid, Autopilot and the likes.
I have used fap turbo for a month and found it’s a very risky EA. The risk reward ratio which scares me. looking for 7 to 10 pips in Asian session and if trades goes against you all your monthly profits gone. Instead I am using forex hacked EA which is a top performer 100% gain in one month trading only GBP/USD on 1 HR time frame.
Fapturbo is fake and all around it.It can win few trades,but then few big looses and everithing you loose.When i asked return my money ,no answear so no money back quarantee.
I have used fapturbo for a month and found it’s a very risky EA.
I have had better results with open source EAs that are free. FAPTurbo will make many tiny wins followed by huge losses. This EA is based on basic trending scalp strategy with basic MM. It only works when market behaves certain way, otherwise it will loose and loose until your account is bled out to death. I advise all to not waist time with this algo.
IAM NEW TO FAPTURBO I NEED YOUR ASISTANCE SINCE YOU HAD USED IN ALPARI DEMO ACC.
CAN WE CHAT? DO YOU HAVE SKYPE OR GTALK?
Fabturbo is crazy, help me earn only average or less than 6 usd for most transactions, but “made” me loss average 80 usd for 3 forex transactions recently. I want to “flow” it away and get refund.
this account is from Fapturbo official site.
in case any one intrested to monitor their account.
– To win trades with FapTurbo, you cannot use default settings.
What are they doing still selling this **** I used it over 2 years ago and it was CRAP then it doesnt work period! Whats the site still doing up amazing!!
I was seriously considering the purchase of this FabTurbo system, but thanks to this great forum, I’m going to keep my hard earned cash out of this system.
I used Fap Turbo 51 & 52 but only on scalping. It was no good on the long term strategy. It worked well on some pairs scalping for a while but then it blew up and went ferral losing all the time.
It seems like they keep restarting or showing different accounts. However there have been many new versions of the EA so maybe that is why.
if it is real, then why fabturbo needs to sell their robots when infact they can make money based on the excellent performance of their robot???? instead of selling them, why wont they run hundreds or thousands of their robots to make them million of $$$.??
Very important information on this blog.
Please everyone who tried the demo or a live account version Fapturbo Ichimoku to write some impressions.
I will put the robot back to work just to save some money.
I started with Fap Turbo 53 then Fap Turbo Ichimoku then Fap Turbo 54. I stopped trading with Fap 53 because there were more losses than wins then I tried Fap 54 and the same but with Fap Ichimoku, I was quite happy that in 1 month it made 52 profit trades and only 3 small losses BUT then yesterday it made 3 major losses that wiped out all the profits it made in one month of trading.
Sooo disappointing that this robot looked so promising but the problem is the take wins are extremely small and the stop losses are gigantic.
Needless to say, I have now stoped trading all 3 Fap products.
By the way, I also updated Fap53 with custom settings reccommended on Fap Professional and it worked OK for a couple of weeks then went back into losing trades.
I haver traded all the Fap products on both Demo and Live accounts.
In my opinion, this is one of the most reliable EAs, as far as EAs go. I agree with most of the folks on here who regret the fact that the profitability (or equity curve) with this particular EA is so up then down, up then down again, but compared to some EAs that I’ve tried and read about Fap Turbo (the main version and Ichimoku) isn’t half bad.
I am in an extremely unique situation. You see, I am totally blind. Around this site I keep reding lots of good things about Forex Hacked especially, and I’ve heard a few good things about Forex Legend. I’m a U.S trader and have a live account with Alpari US, so I of course am subject to all of the U.S NFA regulations that everyone seems to hate. That’s also why I’m very hesitant to buy an EA like Forex Hacked or Forex Legend. My leverage is 50:1, I can’t hedge, and I DO NOT AT ALL like any kind of martingale strategy. So, knowing that, what EA (if any) would you suggest? Fap Turbo like I posted earlier has made me more profit than any other EA I have tried to date. So far I’ve bought and tested, on my live Alpari US account Fap Turbo (starting with version 52 an now up to 54 with Ichimoku), the One Click Pips EA, the Forex Pro Cloner EA, the Wall Street Cloner EA, and right now I’m trying the CS Botronics EA which is an upsell with the Currency Sniper package. Out of everything I’ve tried thus far, Fap Turbo has made me the most profit. Something you should probably knowabout me is that I’m also a pretty aggressive trader. What that means by the numbers is that as I write this, my account balance right now stands at $1286.93. My margin level from running a combination of Fap Turbo 54 standard and Fap Turbo Ichimoku on four pairs, plus the Cs Botronics EA on one pair, plus the Wall Street Cloner EA on three final pairs, is at 229.90% and I’m okay with that. In your opinion, does that suggest anything to you about me and my trading style? If so, would you KINDLY leve me your feedback? I’d be interested to hear it, IF it’s at least offered tactfully.
I’ll tell you my experience with fapturbo, buy a few months ago fapturbo trusted the promises of your website, started using it in demo accounts and generated profits, but over a real account of the same broker not only did not generate profit but began to generate losses, so I asked for a refund of my money but they refused to give them back with false excuses and your product worked well.
If you want to lose your money then use fapturbo your real accounts.
Hi, I have purchased Fapturbo 54 and as recommended used the broker IamFX.com. I installed it on my demo account on 31 Aug 2011 and as of 8 Sept. the balance is -140.18. Can some one help me with the settings.
KMTOPGUN, seriously? How did you manage to sleep at night knowing that your account has gone down by 95%?
You will now need to increase your account by 2000% to get it back to where it was… That is very very tough by anyones standard.
If i were you, I would recommend putting that $500 into a forex course where you can actually trade for yourself.
Robots are inherently a waste of money. If they were any where near good, why have the banks not started using them. If they could deliver 100% per month… or even per year, the banks would be snapping the arms off the developers, and the developers would be able to charge 100’s of millions of dollars, because that is how much it would be worth.
The reason they are selling them to the general public, is that they can not charge that amount of money. They go for the greedy people who want to see instant riches. Nothing in life is that easy. Even the developers have had to put in some hard graft to get the EA coded and marketed. All they need to do is to make it work for 60 days, and then what do they care? refund period over, move onto the next upgrade, all bugs fixed… and then it repeats and repeats.
Learn to trade for yourself, or at least go for a signal provider who has VERIFIED results – and not the mocked up ones that are so easy to do with photoshop.
I have a blog that tracks every trade I do – When i get in, it is there for everyone to see. When I get out, it is there for everyone to see. That is what you should be looking for at the very least.
Where I can find a trader to manage my account?
tried my account many times but I’ve only lost money, anyone knows a good trader who manege my account please?
Over at a website calling itself 100forexbrokers.com there’s a feature called cybersearch. I’ve found the information presented there to be overall useful, although frequently slightly out of date. Specifically I’m talking about the minimum deposit amounts, the conditions to open various account types, Etc.. It’s at least a decent starting place, especially to those of you who are (as I once was) brand-new to the whole idea of so called wild west forex trading. I hope you find the site as helpful as I have.
since with all know that surrounding on forex a lot thief and liars trying to sell a crap forex software, well fap turbo is not excepting of that, I purchase this crap and use it, with the proper setting and guess what is the same b…s as many other availables outthere, becareful with those artist vendors offering garbage like this.
I am a Forex Megadroid man but bought Fap Turbo a few weeks ago. Did lots of research and you can use any broker and any VPS you want with Fap Turbo !!
thanks for this site it save me a lot off money.
Quality content is the important to interest the people to pay a quick visit the website, that’s what this site is providing.
not be a taboo matter but usually people don’t discuss these topics. To the next! Kind regards!!
hi,did fapturbo make any fapturbo 85% off +donate to water.org around feb this year?i will like to know cos i paid and was issued a receipt from clickbank and as we speak i av not gotten my software.can u assist me?
Robots do not have emotions, the market is based on emotions FEAR and GREED, use your money to learn to trade properly, buying low Selling high, same as any other business……..
Fapturbo2v Premium is a total failure as far as my account is concerned. Manual trading is 10 time better than this rubbish as it has only made losses for first 3 months and later I stopped my vps as the looting by these players were unpardonable.
They promised me a refund after 3 months, but I do not know as Clickbank policy is for 60 days only.(Trying still?) The promotional video of Fapturbo2VPremium should be banned immediately or someone should take the matter legally as it amounts to global cheating.US Law should be resorted in this case.
I am fully sure about the total failure of their product as they have not at all tested it for unforseen eventualities. | 2019-04-21T22:20:27Z | https://www.forexmachines.com/reviews/fap-turbo/ |
Bryn Mawr College (/ˌbrɪnˈmɑːr/ brin-MAR; Welsh: [ˌbɾɨ̞nˈmau̯ɾ]) is a women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges and the Tri-College Consortium. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students.
U.S. News & World Report lists Bryn Mawr College as the 32nd best liberal arts college in the United States in its 2017 rankings. In 2018, the college ranking site Niche listed Bryn Mawr as the 15th most diverse college in America. Bryn Mawr is also known for being the first women's college to offer graduate education through a PhD.
Bryn Mawr College is a private women's liberal arts college founded in 1885. The phrase bryn mawr means "large hill" in Welsh, literally "hill (bryn) large (mawr)". The Graduate School is co-educational. It is named after the town of Bryn Mawr, in which the campus is located, which had been renamed by a representative of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Bryn Mawr was the name of an area estate granted to Rowland Ellis by William Penn in the 1680s. Ellis's former home, also called Bryn Mawr, was a house near Dolgellau, Merionnydd, Gwynedd, Wales. The College was largely founded through the bequest of Joseph W. Taylor, and its first president was James Evans Rhoads. Bryn Mawr was one of the first institutions of higher education in the United States to offer graduate degrees, including doctorates, to women. The first class included 36 undergraduate women and eight graduate students. Bryn Mawr was originally affiliated with the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), but by 1893 had become non-denominational.
In 1912, Bryn Mawr became the first college in the United States to offer doctorates in social work, through the Department of Social Economy and Social Research. This department became the Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research in 1970. In 1931, Bryn Mawr began accepting men as graduate students, while remaining women-only at the undergraduate level.
From 1921 to 1938 the Bryn Mawr campus was home to the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry, which was founded as part of the labor education movement and the women's labor movement. The school taught women workers political economy, science, and literature, as well as organizing many extracurricular activities.
A June 3, 2008, article in The New York Times discussed the move by women's colleges in the United States to promote their schools in the Middle East. The article noted that in doing so, the schools promote the work of alumnae of women's colleges such as Hillary Clinton, Emily Dickinson, Diane Sawyer, Katharine Hepburn (Bryn Mawr Class of 1928) and Madeleine Albright. The Dean of Admissions of Bryn Mawr noted, "We still prepare a disproportionate number of women scientists [...] We’re really about the empowerment of women and enabling women to get a top-notch education." The article also contrasted the difference between women's colleges in the Middle East and "the American colleges [which] for all their white-glove history and academic prominence, are liberal strongholds where students fiercely debate political action, gender identity and issues like 'heteronormativity', the marginalizing of standards that are other than heterosexual. Middle Eastern students who already attend these colleges tell of a transition that can be jarring."
The College celebrated its 125th anniversary of "bold vision, for women, for the world" during the 2010–2011 academic year. In September 2010, Bryn Mawr hosted an international conference on issues of educational access, equity, and opportunity in secondary schools and universities in the United States and around the world. Other festivities held for the anniversary year included publication of a commemorative book on 125 years of student life, and, in partnership with the Philadelphia Mural Arts Program, creation of a mural in West Philadelphia highlighting advances in women's education.
On February 9, 2015, the Board of Trustees announced approval of a working group recommendation to expand the undergraduate applicant pool. Trans women and intersex individuals identifying as women may now apply for admission, while trans men identifying as such at time of application may not. This official decision made Bryn Mawr the fourth women's college in the United States to accept trans women.
The campus was designed in part by noted landscape designers Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted, and has subsequently been designated an arboretum (the Bryn Mawr Campus Arboretum). In 2011, Travel+Leisure named Bryn Mawr as one of the most beautiful college campuses in the United States.
The majority of Bryn Mawr students live on campus in residence halls. Many of the older residence halls were designed by Cope & Stewardson and are known for their Collegiate Gothic architecture, modeled after Cambridge University. Each is named after a county town in Wales: Brecon, Denbigh (1891), Merion (1885), and Radnor (1887), and Pembroke East and West (1892). Rhoads North and South was named after the college's first president, James E. Rhoads; Rockefeller is named after its donor, John D. Rockefeller. Erdman was opened in 1965, designed by architect Louis Kahn. In addition, students may choose to live in Batten House (an environmentally friendly co-op). Perry House, which was originally established as the Spanish language house in 1962, was redefined as the Black Cultural Center in the 1970s. In 2015, Perry House was relaunched by the college in the former French tower of Haffner, which had undergone renovations and reconstruction the previous year. Along with Perry, now known as the Enid Cook '31 Center, a new residence hall was built where the old Haffner Language and Culture House once stood.
Glenmede (formerly graduate student housing) is an estate located about a half mile from the main campus which at one point was available housing for undergraduate students. In 2007, it was sold to a conservation buyer as the annual costs of upkeep were too great for the college.
Bryn Mawr's library holdings are housed in the Mariam Coffin Canaday Library (opened 1970), the Rhys Carpenter Library (opened 1997), and the Lois and Reginald Collier Science Library (opened 1993). TRIPOD, the online library catalog, automatically accesses holdings at Haverford and Swarthmore.
In 1908, John C. Olmsted designed a private garden for M. Carey Thomas adjoining the Deanery. The garden was later modified and renamed as the Blanca Noel Taft Memorial Garden. In its current form, the garden is a small, serene enclosure with two wall fountains, one with a small basin and the other with a sunken reflecting pool. The decorative wall tiles above the smaller wall fountain and basin were purchased from Syria.
In 1960, architect Louis I. Kahn and Bryn Mawr College president, Katharine Elizabeth McBride, came together to create the Erdman Hall dormitory.
For over a year, Kahn and his assistants struggled to translate the college's design program of 130 student rooms and public spaces into a scheme (well documented by the letters written between McBride and Kahn). The building comprises three geometrical square structures, connected at their corners. The outer walls are formed by interlocking student rooms around three inner public spaces: the entry hall, dining hall and living hall. These spaces receive light from towering light monitors.
The Marjorie Walter Goodhart Theater houses a vaulted auditorium designed by Arthur Ingersoll Meigs of Mellor, Meigs & Howe, two smaller spaces that are ideal for intimate performances by visiting artists, practice rooms for student musicians, and the Office for the Arts. The building's towers and gables, friezes, carvings and ornamental ironwork, designed by Samuel Yellin, were done in the gothic revival style. In the fall of 2009, the College completed a $19 million renovation of Goodhart, which included expanded stage and rehearsal space, updated sound and lighting, a teaching theater, and renovated seating for audiences.
Previously named after Bryn Mawr's first Dean and second president, Old Library was used as the primary campus library until 1970, when Mariam Coffin Canaday Library opened. The Great Hall (formerly the reading room of the library) was designed by Walter Cope (of Cope and Stewardson) in 1901 and built by Stewardson and Jamieson several years later, although M. Carey Thomas played a large part in its construction. Today, it is a space for performances, readings, lectures, and public gatherings. Old Library encloses a large open courtyard called "The Cloisters", which is the site of the College's traditional Lantern Night ceremony. The cremated remains of M. Carey Thomas and Emmy Noether are located in the Cloisters. Georgiana Goddard King is also buried in the cloister. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1991. The Great Hall was once the home of an Athena Lemnia statue (damaged in 1997) that is now located in a high alcove in the Rhys Carpenter Art and Archaeology Library. A plaster cast of that Athena now stands in her place at the Great Hall. Students often leave offerings to this statue in the hope that she will intervene on their behalf during testing and other trying circumstances.
Named for Bryn Mawr's late professor of Classical Archaeology, the Rhys Carpenter Library was designed by Henry Myerberg of New York and opened in 1997. The space is connected to the rear of the M. Carey Thomas Library. The entrance is a four-story atrium. Names of art and archaeology faculty are displayed on the main wall of the atrium, along with a series of plaster casts of the metopes of the Parthenon. Most of the stacks, study areas, lecture halls and seminar rooms are located underground. The roof comprises a wide grassy area used for outdoor concerts and picnics. The building won a 2001 Award of Excellence for Library Architecture from the Library Administration and Management Association and the American Institute of Architects. Carpenter Library also houses the College's renowned collections in Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology, History of Art, and Classics. The building also contains a large lecture hall and several seminar rooms.
The Bryn Mawr College Deanery was the campus residence of the first Dean and second President of Bryn Mawr College, M. Carey Thomas, who maintained a home there from 1885 to 1933. Under the direction of Thomas, the Deanery was gradually enlarged and elaborately decorated with the assistance of the American artist Lockwood de Forest and furnished with art from Thomas' world travels. From 1933 until 1968, the Deanery served as the Alumnae Center and Inn for the college. The building was demolished in the spring of 1968 to make space for the construction of Canaday Library, which stands on the site today. At the time of its demolition, many of the Deanery's furnishings were re-located to Wyndham, an 18th-century farmhouse (with several modern additions) which became the college's new Alumnae Center.
Bryn Mawr undergraduates largely govern themselves in academic and social matters via the Self-Government Association. A significant aspect of self-government is the Academic Honor System (honor code). The Honor Code is a set of principles that stress mutual respect and academic integrity. Students ratify the code each year, agree to adhere to it, and enforce its provisions.
Along with Haverford College, Bryn Mawr forms the Bi-College Community. Students in the "Bi-Co" enjoy unlimited cross-registration privileges and may choose to major at the other institution. The two institutions join with Swarthmore College to form the Tri-College Consortium, opening the Swarthmore course catalog to interested Bryn Mawr students as well. Free shuttles are provided between the three campuses. There is the Blue Bus between Bryn Mawr and Haverford College, and a van, known to the students as the "Swat Van", that travels among the three colleges.
In addition, the College is affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania through a special association known as the Quaker Consortium, allowing Bryn Mawr students to take classes there. Additionally, Bryn Mawr students in the Growth and Structure of Cities department may earn a Bachelor of Arts at Bryn Mawr and a master's degree in city planning at Penn through the 3–2 Program in City and Regional Planning. Students also are allowed to take classes related to their major at the nearby Villanova University through a specific registration process.
Bryn Mawr is a small, four year, residential baccalaureate college. Although the college offers several graduate programs, the majority of enrollments are from students enrolled in the undergraduate arts and sciences program. The college granted 331 bachelor's degrees, 106 master's degrees, and 21 doctoral degrees in 2009.
Students at Bryn Mawr are required to complete divisional requirements in the social sciences, natural sciences (including lab skills) and humanities. In addition, they must complete one year of a foreign language and fulfill a quantitative skills requirement and an Emily Balch Seminar requirement. The Emily Balch Seminars are similar to courses in freshman composition at other institutions. The seminars stress development of critical thinking skills and are discussion-based, with "intensive reading and writing."
Admission to Bryn Mawr is classified as "more selective, lower transfer in." In 2016, Bryn Mawr received 3,012 undergraduate applications, admitted 1203 (39.9%), and enrolled 407 (33.8%). First year students had interquartile ranges of 610-730 on reading, 610–720 on math, and 630–720 on writing on the SAT. The four-year graduation rate is 79.2% and the six-year rate is 83.5%. The student body comprises 1,381 female undergraduate students and the graduate program comprises 327 graduate students (23% of them male).
The four major traditions held at Bryn Mawr College include Parade Night, which traditionally took place on the first day of classes each academic year, but has been moved to the Friday of the first week of classes; Lantern Night, which takes place in late October or early November; Welcome the First Years Week (previously known as Hell Week), which takes place in mid-February; and May Day, which takes place on the Sunday after classes end in the spring semester. The Dar Williams song "As Cool As I Am" has recently become part of the tradition of May Day; it is played during the "May Hole" celebration, which is the feminist answer to the traditional may poles displayed on campus. In the bi-campus newspaper shared with Haverford College, one student called it the college's unofficial anthem.
Bryn Mawr students gather quarterly for "Step Sings," or evenings spent outside Taylor Hall, singing hymns, traditional feminist songs and contemporary songs. Step Sings follow each major tradition.
Two Traditions heads, elected by the student body, are in charge of organizing and running traditions.
In addition to events, Bryn Mawr's traditions extend to superstitions around the campus, some of which date back to the opening of the college in 1885. Many of these superstitions involve not being able to graduate, and can be rectified by leaving an offering at the statue of Athena in the Great Hall.
Bryn Mawr has signed the American College and University President's Climate Commitment, and in doing so, the school agreed to make all new buildings comply with a LEED silver standard or higher; to purchase Energy Star products whenever possible; and to provide and encourage the use of public transportation. The school's dining halls strive to be environmentally sustainable by working to expand their local and organic offerings, recycling in all dining areas, and recycling used fry oil as bio-diesel fuel. The dining halls previously offered biodegradable takeout containers, but reverted to Styrofoam in the 2009/10 academic year. Additionally, all leftover food is donated to a local food bank. On the College Sustainability Report Card 2011, published by the Sustainable Endowments Institute, Bryn Mawr received a B+. The school's highest category score was an A in Investment Priorities, since Bryn Mawr invests in renewable energy funds.
Bryn Mawr fields intercollegiate teams in badminton, basketball, cross country, fencing, field hockey, lacrosse, rowing, rugby, soccer, swimming, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. The badminton team won national intercollegiate championships in 1996 and 2008. The mascot of the college is the owl, the symbol of Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom.
A large number of Bryn Mawr alumnae have gone on to become notable in their respective fields. The list includes Drew Gilpin Faust (class of 1968), the first woman president of Harvard University; Hanna Holborn Gray (1950), the first woman president of a major research university (University of Chicago); modernist poets Hilda "H.D." Doolittle (attended), and Marianne Moore (1909); classics scholar Edith Hamilton (M.A. 1894); author, social activist and feminist Grace Lee Boggs (Ph.D. 1940); Nobel Peace Prize winner Emily Greene Balch (1889); geneticist Nettie Stevens (Ph.D. 1903); mathematician Ada Isabel Maddison (Ph.D. 1896); 1891 Fellow in Mathematics Ruth Gentry; artist Anne Truitt (1943); author Ellen Kushner (attended); economist Alice Rivlin (1952); four-time Academy Award-winning actress Katharine Hepburn (1928); novelist and poet Ellis Avery (1993); novelist Andrea Portes (1993); Jo Ellen Johnson Parker (B.A., 1975), the 10th president of Sweet Briar College; Hadley Richardson (attended), first wife of Ernest Hemingway; Martha Gellhorn, (attended) journalist, and third wife of Ernest Hemingway; Julia Fahl, mayor of Lambertville, New Jersey; Agnes E. Wells, women's equal rights movement activist and dean of women at Indiana University; Carol Alonso, nuclear physicist; Mary Elizabeth Taylor, former aide to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Forbes 30 under 30.
Notable faculty include Woodrow Wilson, chemists Arthur C. Cope and Louis Fieser, Arthur Lindo Patterson of the Patterson function, Edmund Beecher Wilson, philologists Catherine Conybeare and Louise Holland, archaeologist Leicester Bodine Holland, Thomas Hunt Morgan, historian Caroline Robbins, mathematicians Emmy Noether and Lillian Rosanoff Lieber, classicists Richmond Lattimore and Lily Ross Taylor, the Spanish philosopher José Ferrater Mora, Germanic philologist Agathe Lasch, and the poet Karl Kirchwey.
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^ "Bryn Mawr College Overview". Archived from the original on 2017-02-27.
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^ Not "high hill", as is often mistakenly given as the translation; Bryn Uchel translates to "high hill"
^ "1921 The Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers". fcis.oise.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ Lewin, Tamar (2008-06-03). "'Sisters' Colleges See a Bounty in the Middle East". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Plans for 125th Anniversary Include International Conference on Women's Education". news.brynmawr.edu. Bryn Mawr Now. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Heritage and Hope: Women's Education in a Global Context". brynmawr.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Bryn Mawr College: Bryn Mawr's 125th Anniversary Celebration". brynmawr.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Bryn Mawr College to Sponsor Mural Highlighting Advances in Women's Education as Part of Its 125th Anniversary Celebration". news.brynmawr.edu. Bryn Mawr Now. 2010-04-23. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ A Letter from Bryn Mawr Board Chair Arlene Gibson. brynmawr.edu. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
^ Mitch Kellaway (11 February 2015). "Bryn Mawr Becomes Fourth U.S. Women's College to Accept Transgender Students". Advocate.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ James E. Rhoads. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ "Saying Goodbye to Perry House While Looking Ahead to the "New Perry"". Bryn Mawr Now. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
^ Glenmede Saved From Destruction and Over-Development. Save Ardmore Coalition (2005-10-13). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ Bryn Mawr College Campus Plan – John Olmsted. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ "Erdman Hall Dormitories". The Architecture Week's Great Building Collection.
^ Bryn Mawr College | Visiting Campus Archived 2007-11-05 at the Wayback Machine. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ a b The First 300: The Amazing and Rich History of Lower Merion (Part 18). Lowermerionhistory.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ Mann, Janice (2005). Women Medievalists and the Academy. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 121.
^ "M. Carey Thomas Library". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
^ "Photos from 1936, 1980, 1983, and undated, to accompany National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: M. Carey Thomas Library (text not available)" (pdf). National Park Service.
^ "Athena". Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
^ a b "Bryn Mawr College – Carnegie Classifications". Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
^ a b c "Common Data Set 2009-2009" (PDF). Bryn Mawr College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
^ "The Emily Balch Seminars". Bryn Mawr College Undergraduate Courses. Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
^ a b "Traditions". Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Clea Benson. "Modern Changes To A Vintage Rite Bryn Mawr Students' Spring Frolic Includes A Celebration Of Womanhood". Philly.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Molly Parzen (6 April 2010). "Dar Williams at the Mawr". The Bi-College News. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ "Student Activities: Traditions". brynmawr.edu. Retrieved 16 March 2011. The Traditions Mistresses, elected officers of the SGA, organize the traditions throughout the academic year. Pamela Gassman and Dijia Chen are the 2014-2015 Traditions Mistresses.
^ Bryn Mawr College Student Activities. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ "Implementation Profile for Bryn Mawr College". Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
^ "Sustainability". Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
^ Bryn Mawr College – Green Report Card 2009. Greenreportcard.org (2007-06-30). Retrieved on 2018-08-27.
^ "1996 NE Regional & National Collegiate Championships". Retrieved 2009-08-29.
^ "Faculty 2010–2011". Bryn Mawr College. 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas. New York: Knopf, 1994.
Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. Alma Mater: design and experience in the women's colleges from their nineteenth-century beginnings to the 1930s; 2nd ed. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bryn Mawr College. | 2019-04-22T06:57:30Z | http://conceptmap.cfapps.io/wikipage?lang=en&name=Bryn_Mawr_College |
RAI14 has 4,870 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 82 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for RAI14 from the datasets below.
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray tissue samples with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq tissue samples with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RAI14 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
CHEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of RAI14 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing RAI14 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing RAI14 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components co-occuring with RAI14 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with RAI14 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions chemicals interacting with RAI14 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
CTD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with RAI14 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores diseases associated with RAI14 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores diseases co-occuring with RAI14 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at RAI14 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RAI14 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of RAI14 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing RAI14 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
GAD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with RAI14 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with RAI14 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations biological terms co-occuring with RAI14 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing RAI14 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases disease perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations kinase perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections virus perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations cellular components containing RAI14 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations diseases associated with RAI14 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset.
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with RAI14 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 protein relative to other cell types and tissues from the HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions interacting hub proteins for RAI14 from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with RAI14 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for RAI14 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of RAI14 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
KEA Substrates of Kinases kinases that phosphorylate RAI14 protein from the curated KEA Substrates of Kinases dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with RAI14 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations cellular components containing RAI14 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations cellular components predicted to contain RAI14 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets microRNAs targeting RAI14 gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of RAI14 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules co-expressed genes for RAI14 from the MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules dataset.
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of RAI14 gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset.
NURSA Protein Complexes protein complexs containing RAI14 protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset.
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions interacting proteins for RAI14 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.
PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases kinases that phosphorylate RAI14 protein from the curated PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of RAI14 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at RAI14 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Drugs drug perturbations changing phosphorylation of RAI14 protein from the SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Drugs dataset.
SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Protein Ligands ligand (protein) perturbations changing phosphorylation of RAI14 protein from the SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Protein Ligands dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of RAI14 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of RAI14 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of RAI14 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of RAI14 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of RAI14 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues co-occuring with RAI14 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TRANSFAC Curated Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of RAI14 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the TRANSFAC Curated Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
TRANSFAC Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of RAI14 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the TRANSFAC Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Virus MINT Protein-Viral Protein Interactions interacting viral proteins for RAI14 from the Virus MINT Protein-Viral Protein Interactions dataset.
Virus MINT Protein-Virus Interactions viruses interacting with RAI14 from the Virus MINT Protein-Virus Interactions dataset.
Wikipathways Pathways pathways involving RAI14 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways dataset. | 2019-04-26T04:31:46Z | https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Harmonizome/gene/RAI14 |
john ross. | SharePoint Stuff.
The Future of SharePoint is Coming!
It is safe to assume that just about anyone reading this post is likely interested in SharePoint — in my case in particular I’ve been working with SharePoint since the early days of SharePoint 2007. At the time, SharePoint’s popularity exploded and the momentum continued for through the release of SharePoint 2010 and then into SharePoint 2013. It was shortly after the release of SharePoint 2013 that Office 365 began to gain traction and the community started to wonder about the future of SharePoint.
Was SharePoint dying? Was it already dead? There were more than few that wrote articles about it like this one or this one. I’ve heard more than a few people in the community wonder what it all means for their careers. In my case, as a Product Manager at Rackspace responsible for our SharePoint offering my leadership had even asked about the future of SharePoint. But amid all the uncertainty, the strength of the SharePoint community stood out — I’d always felt that there was no way Microsoft would make a decision that would make risk jeopardizing one of the biggest and best technical communities anywhere.
In the summer of 2015, things started to become more clear. It was announced that Jeff Teper (who some refer to as “the Father of SharePoint”) returned to lead the SharePoint business. It was at that time that he made very clear that SharePoint was back. The next release would be SharePoint 2016 and be the first version of the product that was born completely in the cloud using lessons learned from running SharePoint Online as part of O365.
Microsoft will be unveiling SharePoint 2016 on May 4th in a live event from San Francisco. You can check it out here. If you haven’t had the chance to play with the recently released RTM (Release to Manufacturer) bits, you’ll get to see and hear about many of the great new features that will be part of SharePoint 2016. But even if you have had the chance to try RTM you should still make sure to tune in for the webinar. SharePoint is NOT dead! Far from it! The release event will help to lay out the vision for where SharePoint 2016 is going but also where is SharePoint going into the future. I wouldn’t be surprised if there’s some new information Microsoft has been holding back for this event. They wouldn’t have a launch event out in San Francisco only to talk about features in a product that anyone could download.
The Future Promises to be Bright!
I’m more excited about SharePoint than I’ve been in a long time. At Rackspace we’re chomping at the bit to start putting customers on SharePoint 2016. Not only do we have a strong SharePoint practice but we also support Office 365 and Microsoft Azure. SharePoint 2016 is going create new ways for users to collaborate and hybrid environments are going to enable customers to leverage SharePoint and Office 365 that matches their company’s needs. Whether a company is ready to put 100% of their content in Office 365, or whether they need to keep 100% on-prem, or somewhere in between Rackspace is here to help you along the way at every step of your journey. And Microsoft makes it possible!
Make sure you go register for the Future of SharePoint launch event! Keep an eye out for the link to our Rackspace live blog which will be feature fellow Rackers and MVPs Todd Klindt, Jason Himmelstein, Randy Drisgill, and myself. And if you still can’t wait you should check out the Unveiling SharePoint 2016 with Microsoft webinar that Sharegate put on with Microsoft Senior Technical Product Manager, Bill Baer. It will be a good primer!
Stay tuned because 2016 and beyond is shaping up to be an exciting time to be part of the SharePoint and Office 365 community!
Thanks to everyone for coming out to my session today! As promised here’s the slide deck. Please feel free to reach out with any questions.
Connecting a Mac with OSX to SharePoint (including O365)!
These days my primary laptop is an Apple Macbook Pro 13″ — it is a pretty sweet piece of hardware. There’s plenty of other folks in the SharePoint community that have been making a similar switch recently like Andrew Connell and Jeremy Thake and Sahil Malik. Everyone seems to be singing the same praise for the Macbook Pros and perhaps surprisingly most that have made the switch are choosing to run in OSX as their primary operating system.
I’ve been running this setup since last summer but most days when I’m SharePointing I use my Windows desktop. As I was getting ready for the upcoming SharePoint Conference, I was preparing for the session I’m co-presenting with Randy Drisgill called Branding Internet facing web sites with SharePoint in the cloud (which you should come see!) I was running through some of the demos and realized that I should probably try to do them on my MBP. One of the demos involves the Design Manager connecting to an SharePoint Online site in Office365. No problem right? Wrong.
The usual steps of connecting to an external didn’t work (open up Finder, then Go > Connect to Server). I scoured the interwebs looking for an answer, I tried emailing different folks at Microsoft, and didn’t really have much luck. At that point I did what everyone else would probably do: I complained on Facebook. I’m glad I did because I found the answer in an unlikely place — from the husband of someone I went to high school (maybe even middle school?) with. Big thanks to Scott Newsome!
SharePoint On-Premises Or In The Cloud? Why not both?
Last summer I wrote an article discussing SharePoint in the cloud and what it actually means. If you wanted to check it out you can find it here: https://johnrossjr.wordpress.com/2013/03/13/sharepoint-the-cloud-and-you/ The article was a response to the common question I hear all the time around what it means to put “SharePoint in the cloud.” The basic summary is that cloud comes in different flavors and each one presents different pros and cons. If you’re still exploring the decision of going to the cloud that article is a good starting point. But there’s another side to the discussion, you’ll often hear the idea of SharePoint in the cloud compared to keeping SharePoint on-prem which is short for on-premises. What exactly does on-prem mean these days? You might be surprised to learn that it doesn’t always refer to a location – in other words you can have “on-prem” SharePoint that lives “off-prem” which includes the cloud.
The topic can get very confusing because as businesses evaluate SharePoint in the cloud they’re often trying to make a decision between putting SharePoint on-prem (in their local data center) or moving to the cloud. This is precisely the topic of my previous article. The reality is that if your company makes the decision to move SharePoint to another data center you still might need SharePoint on-prem.
If that last sentence is confusing, stick with me. I’m about to explain.
How can my SharePoint be both in the cloud and on-prem?
SharePoint is installed on servers in your data center.
SharePoint is installed on servers as at a hosting provider.
SharePoint is installed on virtual servers in a cloud such as Amazon. Even SharePoint installed in Microsoft’s Azure uses the on-prem build!
As you can see, it is absolutely possible to have SharePoint in the cloud and use the “on-prem” version of the product.
If the answer to the previous question is that you would like someone else to host and your SharePoint environment (ie. You chose to move to the cloud) will you use SharePoint Online or a different option?
The moral of the story is that you’re using the on-prem version of SharePoint in all cases, even cloud scenarios unless you’re using SharePoint Online.
This is an important distinction because as we get closer to Microsoft’s SharePoint Conference 2014 you’ll begin to hear about things like the “roadmap for on-prem” or other topics that make reference to “on-prem.” The terminology is very confusing and it is possible that depending on the context of the conversation or presentation the meaning could be different.
Moving SharePoint to the cloud is something that I think every customer should be investigating. The terminology can be very confusing, the terms “cloud” and “on-prem” get thrown around a lot and can make you dizzy if you’re not careful. But at the end of the day the decision comes down to whether you want to host SharePoint locally or with another provider. Once you figure that out, just remember that even if you decide to move SharePoint to the cloud you might still be using the “on-prem” version of SharePoint.
I thought I’d repost over here on my blog with a short intro. Just to clarify, yes I work for Rackspace. Yes we have a ton of cloud products but this isn’t a marketing post! One thing I’ve found in my discussions throughout the SharePoint community is that cloud means different things to different people. In many cases, people think cloud refers to only one type of thing. But in reality there’s different flavors of cloud. There’s tons of benefit to the cloud and all flavors — but each flavor of cloud has different pros and cons. You can even mix and match types of cloud into hybrid scenarios to do even more great things.
Take a look, I hope this serves as a good conversation starter. Feel free to reach out on twitter (@johnrossjr) or leave comments below if there’s other SharePoint and cloud topics you’d be interested to hear more about.
One of the more common discussions that I keep hearing over and over is around SharePoint in the cloud. This is a great topic but there seems to still be a lot of confusion and misconceptions about what it means for SharePoint to be in the cloud. In this blog post I’m going to try to clarify some of these more common issues.
To simplify that even more, by this definition cloud computing would include anything where your hardware and software is not hosted in your own data center and instead made available by a service provider. This definition is a bit more broad than most of the ones that I’ve heard from organizations that are considering moving SharePoint to the cloud.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): A provider manages the hardware. Very similar options and flexibility to hosting SharePoint on-premises but the provider takes over the day-to-day operations and maintenance of the hardware. Remote access and ability to develop and create custom solutions against this type of farm are typically the same as on-premises. Examples of IaaS would include Rackspace, Peer1, and other managed hosting providers.
Software as a Service (SaaS): In this case, all an organization needs to do is sign up and they are provided access to the application. All hardware and software is managed by the provider. From a SharePoint perspective SaaS would include Microsoft’s O365 and any other vendors who’d provide SharePoint in a Multi-Tenant configuration. This option tends to be less expensive, but also has less flexibility for customizations.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): Platform refers to the cloud platform itself. There are several options for this including Rackspace’s OpenStack, Amazon’s AWS, and Microsoft’s Azure. With this option an organization would pay for the amount of the cloud platform they’d consume. For example instead of installing Windows, SQL, and SharePoint on physical servers, it’d be installed on virtualized infrastructure running in the cloud. Typically, companies would still manage their own environment and the provider would just provide and manage the cloud platform itself.
Which option is the right fit for your organization? The answer is the dreaded “It depends.” There’s significant value in leveraging the cloud, but it important to remember that cloud comes in a number of different flavors and in some cases combinations of cloud options make the most sense. These are referred to as Hybrid Cloud.
If someone were to ask me “Should we be looking to move our SharePoint to the cloud?” my answer would be a very enthusiastic “Yes!” While I think all organizations should be exploring how moving their SharePoint to the cloud, I also recognize that the cloud isn’t going to be a great fit for everyone. Certain organizations have security or regulatory constraints that make going to the cloud impossible.
All organizations should be evaluating the cloud as a way to get more value from SharePoint. But SharePoint in the cloud comes in several different flavors, each with its own pros and cons as well as costs. It is important to weigh all of the various cloud options and consider the security, flexibility, total cost, and functionality you get from each option. My advice is to take your time and do your homework. Happy SharePointing!!
The other day I blogged about the new WCM functionality in SharePoint 2013. If you haven’t read the post it basically talks about all the powerful new functionality that’s available with WCM in SP2013 because it’ll use search to drive content management. In this post I’m going to start getting into a bit more detail about what’s required to start actually using the new WCM functionality. I’ve been searching around on the interwebs and haven’t really seem much information from Microsoft yet — although I’m sure it’s coming. For anyone looking to get a jump start hopefully this will help.
Product Catalog — You can think of this as almost a published list or library. Unlike content from SP2010 which was usually entered into pages via page layouts, we are just talking about fields that get filled out — just data pretty much. Creating this first piece is going to be the subject of this post.
Managed Metadata — This feature was introduced in SP2010 and then improved and expanded for SharePoint Server 2013. It still is where you’ll setup your enterprise taxonomy for your data but there’s additional functionality now that can be used to drive navigation as well as some other WCM goodness which I’ll cover in another post.
Search — There’s tons to discuss here, but for right now the important takeaway is that as you work more with the new WCM features you’ll spend a lot of time dealing with search. If you aren’t too familiar with search, there can be some gotchas you’ll run into. I’ll point a few out in this post.
Display Templates — This is the primary way to style the results from the Content By Search (CBS). In SP2010 designers working with a WCM site needed to customize the ItemStyle.xsl to control the way results came back for the CQWP. Display templates are the way you’d style the results from the CBS — I don’t expect to get too deep into this. I’ll leave that to my good friend Randy Drisgill — be sure to keep an eye on his blog.
I’m sure there’s more I’m forgetting about, but the there’s going to be plenty of time to fill in the gaps. The goal here is to just get you started with the basics. On that note — let’s start at the beginning and walk through the steps for creating a simple catalog.
1– The first step in the process is to Create a site collection using the Project Catalog template. To do this open up Central Admin and from Application Managed click the link to Create Site Collection. From here you’ll want to click on the Publishing tab and choose the option for Product Catalog. Give it a name, URL, and set up a site collection administrator and press OK.
3– With your site columns created, the next step is to create a new content type. From the Site Settings page click on Site Content Types under the Web Designer Galleries section. From this page click on the Create button. On the screen that opens enter in the name for the content type, choose the parent content type to select from (Product Catalog Content Types), the parent content type (Product with image), choose what group you want to place it in, and then press OK.
4– On the next screen is where you’ll add any custom fields you created to the Content Type. Choose the link that says Add from existing site columns, choose the ones to add and press OK at the bottom.
5– Next browse to the default Products list (or another one if you want to go that route), from the ribbon at the top choose the List tab and click the List Settings button. Scroll down to the Content Types section and click the link to Add from existing content types to associate our new content type to this list. Once we’ve done that go to the All Items view and make sure any custom fields we’ve created are also showing.
6– While you are in the List Settings page, click on the link for Catalog Settings. From here you’ll want to make sure that the list is setup for Catalog Sharing, specify the field(s) to be used as the primary key, and then specify the field to be used as to determine the navigation (This is the one that needs to be the managed metadata field). Then press OK.
7– This is the easy part. All you’ve got to do now is fill the list with content. But there’s a couple gotchas here that are important to point out. The first is that we’ve created new site columns so if we want the new site columns to get added to the search schema and index the items have to be filled out and the new fields have to have data in them. The second thing to remember is that once you’ve added all of your content to the list, remember that the list has approval turned on. So you’ll need to make sure all of your items are published or you’ve disabled content approval or search won’t pick up the items (this one in particular initially tripped me up).
8– There’s one other tricky little step that we need to ensure we do. That is to give permission to the site collection which will be consuming our product list so that it can access the term set. To do this go to Site Settings and from under the Site Administration section click on Term store management. At the left click to select the term store associated with your site collection and the general tab will be displayed at the right. You should see a field labled Site Collection Access. In this field type the URL of the site collection where you’ll be consuming the product catalog — if you haven’t created this, you should do that now and use the Publishing Portal template. Then type the URL into here and press Save.
9– The next step is to kick off a crawl to make sure everything we’ve done so far gets added into the index. To do that go to Central Admin and click on Manage Service Applications from under Application Management. Click on the Search Service Application link to bring up the search administration page. At the left click on the Content Sources link under the Crawling section. Hover over the name of your content source called Local SharePoint sites, click the drop down, and choose Start Full Crawl. Now is about the time you should go get a tasty beverage or something. When you get back you can click the link that says Refresh to check on the status of things, but it’ll probably take anywhere from 3-10 mins depending on how robust your server is. When the status says Idle you’ll know you are ready to move on to the next step.
10– Now’s the time you’ll want to go to that Publishing Portal that’s going to be used consuming the catalog. From Site Settings click on Manage catalog connections under the Site Administration section. Click on the link that says Connect to a catalog. The next page that opens should show the URL to your catalog. Click on the Connect link at the right. The Catalog Source Settings page will open. There’s a lot of great options here, but for this post we’ll just go with all of the defaults. But we will need to select a Root term of heirarchy from under the Navigation Heirarchy section. This is what I was referring to in step 2. If you compare the image below to the one from step 2 it should help to clear things up. This was another area that originally was a little tricky when I was trying to choose the root node at the wrong level. Once complete press OK.
11– When the page reloads you should notice that the navigation at the top of the page is being driven by the metadata. Also, if you go into the Pages library of the site you’ll notice two pages have been created — these are those page templates I was referring to earlier. If you try clicking on a link from the navigation take a look at the URLs — you’ll notice they are dramatically different from the URLs we’ve been used to in SharePoint in the past. This is something that will definitely be the subject of future posts but the the basics are that when you setup the catalog connection there was a section with options that described the Catalog Item URL Behavior and the default is to make all URLs relative to the site. Despite the fact the content lives in another site collection, it doesn’t appear that way.
This post was intended to be a guide to getting started with the first step in working with the new WCM features in SharePoint Server 2013. As I’ve mentioned throughout this post, there are a number of areas that will be important to explore in more detail at a later time. If anyone has any requests I’d love to hear them — can’t promise that it’d be something I’ve looked into yet but will definitely do my best!
Few things in this world go together better than peanut butter and jelly. It’s a proven fact by the 3 people I’ve personally surveyed. When Microsoft announced SharePoint Server 2013 the piece that I was the most excited about was the new Web Content Management (WCM) functionality. Why am I so excited? Read on and I’ll explain.
Search has always been a great way to get content from across the farm. Since the CQWP isn’t able to reach across site collections, we’ve now got a way to get content from anywhere in your farm out of the box. The primary tool for doing this will be the Content By Search (CBS) web part. I hope to dive deeper into this one in future posts.
The CQWP could be tuned, but it was common for it to be the source of performance issues in larger implementations. Search will be a far more effient way to surface content in almost all circumstances.
The way we’ll plan and think about WCM in SharePoint will fundamentally change. For example in the past, content needed to be in SharePoint for us to roll it up. With the new model, as long as content is in the search index we can surface it where ever we need. So the biggest limiting factor we’d have would be whether we’d be able to get SharePoint to crawl a datasource. This has massively huge implications!
A couple years ago I had the pleasure of working very closely with several former FAST folks. They taught me a very important lesson that I’m hoping the rest of the SharePoint world will come to embrace over time — if you look at how most folks search, they typically just type in a search term and get results. This is referred to as keyword searching. The way the FAST folks thought about search went well beyond simple keyword searching — because of the high performance and scale that’s possible through using FAST they were able to use the product to drive content management on several very prominent Internet sites — most notably BestBuy.com. Although BestBuy.com wasn’t a SharePoint site it showed what was possible from a content management perspective with a powerful search engine driving content to the page without anyone actually going in and typing a query.
This opens up an extremely complex set of discussions but the main point is this — as SharePoint implementers and users, search provides an immense amount of power once we start thinking about search driving content on pages to users.
In the past, most WCM scenarios in SharePoint were fairly simplistic. There’s plenty of examples of projects where very complex things were done but they usually required a high level of development and customization. But now it will be possible to create many of these highly complex scenarios with much less effort. One of the more common phrases you’ll hear applied to SharePoint is “with great power comes great responsibility” and the new WCM capabilities in SP2013 are no different. To deliver a project with this new WCM functionality will likely require that we approach projects in a slightly different way. In future posts I hope to explain this in more detail but I’ll try to give a high level view of what I’m referring to.
Planning is key! The first step in any SharePoint should involve planning. But this is more important than ever! I’ve been doing a presentation for the last few years called Getting the Most Out of SharePoint Search (https://johnrossjr.wordpress.com/2012/07/23/getting-the-most-out-of-sharepoint-search-sptechcon-boston-2012/) and the goal has been to help people understand how search works — specifically how to make content stand out and be more relevant. As we move ahead into SP2013 we’ll be able to rollup content from all across our organization in new ways. No longer will we just say “we’ll rollup content from this library and make it show up over here” — we can rollup content in much more complex ways. But if we don’t put enough thought and planning into our metadata for the organization taking advantage of these complex scenarios will be more difficult.
Search and WCM skillsets now go hand in hand. This might sound pretty obvious at this point in this post, but it is worth reiterating. When you think about your new SharePoint site in SP2013 and you know you need to get content onto the page there’s going to be more moving parts. For example, if we have custom fields we need to make sure they are available as metadata in the index. Because if the fields aren’t available in the index, we won’t be able to roll the field up the way it needs to be.
How users manage content will change. Today the basic way content is being managed is that users go into a Pages library and create/update content in a WYSIWYG editor. Moving forward, while content can still be managed in the “classic” way like it always has been in SP2010 but it’ll now be possible to potentially abstract content from display. In other WCM products, users can manage content by basically updating data in fields in a database or list. From there the data is then transformed and displayed based on whatever was designed and created by the UX/UI/Designers. And this concept is now a very real option in SP2013. It adds a new layer of goverance because there’s the potential to more tightly control the presentation in organizations where that are more highly controlled. But the “classic” way of doing things is still going to be there — how we control the mix is still going to be a work in process. Stay tuned on this front.
But wait there’s more! The things I’ve mentioned above really just scratch the surface of what’s going to be possible with WCM in SP2013.
I just want to be clear about one thing — if you’ve been doing WCM in SP2010 and been happy with it don’t worry, all of those options will still be available to you. The purpose of this post isn’t to scare anyone, just to highlight the new additional options that will be available.
Hopefully this post has helped to give you an idea about what WCM in SharePoint 2013 will be all about. On a personal note, my two areas of focus have always seemed strange: WCM/Branding and Search. I used to get strange looks when I told people what I did – I tended to think it was an odd pairing. With the new features and new possibilities they promise I really do think that WCM and Search go together perfectly! I’m excited about the possibilities on the horizon! Be sure to stop by from time to time or follow me on Twitter (http://twitter.com/johnrossjr) as I’ve got a lot of new content in the works that will dive deeper into many of the topics I’ve mentioned throughout this post. If you’ve got any requests be sure to mention them in the comments! | 2019-04-26T00:45:15Z | https://johnrossjr.wordpress.com/ |
"Red October" redirects here. For other uses, see Red October (disambiguation) and October Revolution (disambiguation).
The October Revolution,[a] officially known in Soviet historiography as the Great October Socialist Revolution[b] and commonly referred to as the October Uprising, the October Coup, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Bolshevik Coup or the Red October, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on 7 November (25 October, O.S.) 1917. The Bolshevik Party and the left fraction of Socialist Revolutionary Party - a fraction calling to stop the war and land to the peasants with overwhelming support from the countryside - actually had a majority in the Russian population.
At first, the event was referred to as the October coup (Октябрьский переворот) or the Uprising of 3rd, as seen in contemporary documents (for example, in the first editions of Lenin's complete works). In Russian, however, "переворот" has a similar meaning to "revolution" and also means "upheaval" or "overturn", so "coup" is not necessarily the correct translation. With time, the term October Revolution (Октябрьская революция) came into use. It is also known as the "November Revolution" having occurred in November according to the Gregorian Calendar (for details, see Soviet calendar).
The February Revolution had toppled Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and replaced his government with the Russian Provisional Government. However, the provisional government was weak and riven by internal dissension. It continued to wage World War I, which became increasingly unpopular. A nationwide crisis developed in Russia, affecting social, economic, and political relations. Disorder in industry and transport had intensified, and difficulties in obtaining provisions had increased. Gross industrial production in 1917 had decreased by over 36% from what it had been in 1914. In the autumn, as much as 50% of all enterprises were closed down in the Urals, the Donbas, and other industrial centers, leading to mass unemployment. At the same time, the cost of living increased sharply. Real wages fell about 50% from what they had been in 1913. Russia's national debt in October 1917 had risen to 50 billion rubles. Of this, debts to foreign governments constituted more than 11 billion rubles. The country faced the threat of financial bankruptcy.
Throughout June, July, and August 1917, it was common to hear working-class Russians speak about their lack of confidence and misgivings with those in power in the Provisional Government. Factory workers around Russia felt unhappy with the growing shortages of food, supplies, and other materials. They blamed their own managers or foremen and would even attack them in the factories. The workers blamed many rich and influential individuals, such as elites in positions of power, for the overall shortage of food and poor living conditions. Workers labelled these rich and powerful individuals as opponents of the Revolution, and called them words such as "bourgeois, capitalist, and imperialist."
In September and October 1917, there were mass strike actions by the Moscow and Petrograd workers, miners in Donbas, metalworkers in the Urals, oil workers in Baku, textile workers in the Central Industrial Region, and railroad workers on 44 railway lines. In these months alone, more than a million workers took part in strikes. Workers established control over production and distribution in many factories and plants in a social revolution. Workers were able to organize these strikes through factory committees. The factory committees represented the workers and were able to negotiate better working conditions, pay, and hours. Even though workplace conditions may have been increasing in quality, the overall quality of life for workers was not improving. There were still shortages of food and the increased wages workers had obtained did little to provide for their families.
By October 1917, peasant uprisings were common. By autumn the peasant movement against the landowners had spread to 482 of 624 counties or 77% of the country. As 1917 progressed the peasantry increasingly began to lose faith that the land would be distributed to them by the Social Revolutionaries and the Mensheviks. Refusing to continue living as before they increasingly took measures into their own hands as can be seen by the increase in the number and militancy of the peasant's actions. From the beginning of September to the October Revolution there were over a third as many peasant actions than had been recorded since March. Over 42% of all the cases of destruction (usually burning down and seizing property from the landlord's estate) recorded between February and October occurred in October . While the uprisings varied in severity, complete uprisings and seizures of the land were not uncommon. Less robust forms of protest included marches on landowner manors and government offices, as well as withholding and storing grains rather than selling them as a result of the economic crisis. When the Provisional Government sent punitive detachments, it only enraged the peasants. The garrisons in Petrograd, Moscow, and other cities, the Northern and Western fronts, and the sailors of the Baltic Fleet in September declared through their elected representative body Tsentrobalt that they did not recognize the authority of the Provisional Government and would not carry out any of its commands.
Soldiers' wives were key players in unrest in the village. From 1914 to 1917, almost 50% of healthy men were sent to war, and many were killed on the front, resulting in a female occupation of the position of the household head. When government allowances were often late and were not sufficient to match the rising costs of goods, soldiers' wives sent masses of appeals and letters to the government, which largely were left unanswered. Frustration resulted, and these women were influential in inciting "subsistence riots" – also referred to as "hunger riots," "pogroms," or "baba riots". In these riots, citizens seized food and resources from shop owners who they believed to be charging unfair prices. Upon police intervention, protesters responded with "rakes, sticks, rocks and fists".
In a diplomatic note of 1 May, the minister of foreign affairs, Pavel Milyukov, expressed the Provisional Government's desire to continue the war against the Central Powers "to a victorious conclusion", arousing broad indignation. On 1–4 May, about 100,000 workers and soldiers of Petrograd, and after them the workers and soldiers of other cities, led by the Bolsheviks, demonstrated under banners reading "Down with the war!" and "all power to the soviets!" The mass demonstrations resulted in a crisis for the Provisional Government. 1 July saw more demonstrations, as about 500,000 workers and soldiers in Petrograd demonstrated, again demanding "all power to the soviets", "down with the war", and "down with the ten capitalist ministers". The Provisional Government opened an offensive against the Central Powers on 1 July, which soon collapsed. The news of the offensive and its collapse intensified the struggle of the workers and the soldiers. A new crisis in the Provisional Government began on 15 July.
On 16 July, spontaneous demonstrations of workers and soldiers began in Petrograd, demanding that power be turned over to the soviets. The Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party provided leadership to the spontaneous movements. On 17 July, over 500,000 people participated in what was intended to be a peaceful demonstration in Petrograd, the so-called July Days. The Provisional Government, with the support of Socialist-Revolutionary Party-Menshevik leaders of the All-Russian Executive Committee of the Soviets, ordered an armed attack against the demonstrators, killing hundreds.
A period of repression followed. On 5–6 July, attacks were made on the editorial offices and printing presses of Pravda and on the Palace of Kshesinskaya, where the Central Committee and the Petrograd Committee of the Bolsheviks were located. On 7 July, the government ordered the arrest and trial of Vladimir Lenin. He was forced to go underground, as he had been under the Tsarist regime. Bolsheviks were arrested, workers were disarmed, and revolutionary military units in Petrograd were disbanded or sent to the war front. On 12 July, the Provisional Government published a law introducing the death penalty at the front. The second coalition government was formed on 24 July, chaired by Alexander Kerensky.
Another problem for the government centered on General Lavr Kornilov, who had been Commander-in-Chief since 18 July. In response to a Bolshevik appeal, Moscow's working class began a protest strike of 400,000 workers. They were supported by strikes and protest rallies by workers in Kiev, Kharkov, Nizhny Novgorod, Ekaterinburg, and other cities.
In what became known as the Kornilov affair, Kornilov directed an army under Aleksandr Krymov to march toward Petrograd to restore order to Russia, with Kerensky's agreement. Details remain sketchy, but Kerensky appeared to become frightened by the possibility the army would stage a coup, and reversed the order. By contrast, historian Richard Pipes has argued that the episode was engineered by Kerensky. On 27 August, feeling betrayed by the government, Kornilov pushed on towards Petrograd. With few troops to spare on the front, Kerensky turned to the Petrograd Soviet for help. Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries confronted the army and convinced them to stand down. The Bolsheviks' influence over railroad and telegraph workers also proved vital in stopping the movement of troops. Right-wingers felt betrayed, and the left wing was resurgent.
With Kornilov defeated, the Bolsheviks' popularity in the soviets grew significantly, both in the central and local areas. On 31 August, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies, and on 5 September, the Moscow Soviet Workers Deputies adopted the Bolshevik resolutions on the question of power. The Bolsheviks won a majority in the Soviets of Briansk, Samara, Saratov, Tsaritsyn, Minsk, Kiev, Tashkent, and other cities.
Vladimir Lenin, who had been living in exile in Switzerland, organised a plan with other dissidents to negotiate a passage for them through Germany, with whom Russia was then at war. Recognising that these dissidents could cause problems for their Russian enemies, the German government agreed to permit 32 Russian citizens to travel in a "sealed" train carriage through their territory, among them Lenin and his wife. According to the Deutsche Welle, "On November 7, 1917, a coup d'état went down in history as the October Revolution. The interim government was toppled, the Soviets seized power, and Russia later terminated the Triple Entente military alliance with France and Britain. For Russia, it was effectively the end of the war. Kaiser Wilhelm II had spent around half a billion euros ($582 million) in today's money to weaken his wartime enemy."
On 23 October 1917 (5 November New Style), the Bolsheviks' Central Committee voted 10–2 for a resolution saying that "an armed uprising is inevitable, and that the time for it is fully ripe". At the Committee meeting, Lenin discussed how the people of Russia had waited long enough for "an armed uprising", and it was the Bolsheviks' time to take power. Lenin expressed his confidence in the success of the planned insurrection. His confidence stemmed from months of Bolshevik buildup of power and successful elections to different committees and councils in major cities such as Petrograd and Moscow.
The Bolsheviks created a revolutionary military committee within the Petrograd soviet, led by the soviet's president, Trotsky. The committee included armed workers, sailors and soldiers, and assured the support or neutrality of the capital's garrison. The committee methodically planned to occupy strategic locations through the city, almost without concealing their preparations: the Provisional Government's president Kerensky was himself aware of them, and some details, leaked by Kamenev and Zinoviev, were published in newspapers.
In the early morning of 24 October (6 November N.S.), a group of soldiers loyal to Kerensky's government marched on the printing house of the Bolshevik newspaper, Rabochy put (Worker's Path), seizing and destroying printing equipment and thousands of newspapers copies. Shortly thereafter the government announced the immediate closure of not only Rabochy put but also the left-wing Soldat as well as the far-right newspapers Zhivoe slovo and Novaia Rus'. The editors of these newspapers, as well as any authors seen to be calling for insurrection, were to be prosecuted on criminal charges.
In response, at 9 AM the Military Revolutionary Committee issued a statement denouncing the government's actions. At 10 AM, Bolshevik-aligned soldiers successfully retook the Rabochy put printing house. Kerensky responded at approximately 3 PM that afternoon by ordering the raising of all but one of Petrograd's bridges, a tactic used by the government several months earlier in the July Days. What followed was a series of sporadic clashes over control of the bridges between Red Guard militias aligned with the Military Revolutionary Committee and military regiments still loyal to the government. At approximately 5 PM the Military Revolutionary Committee seized the Central Telegraph of Petrograd, giving the Bolsheviks control over communications through the city.
On 25 October (7 November new style) 1917, Bolsheviks led their forces in the uprising in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg, then capital of Russia) against the Kerensky Provisional Government. The event coincided with the arrival of a flotilla of pro-Bolshevik marines, primarily five destroyers and their crews, in St. Petersburg harbor. At Kronstadt, sailors also announced their allegiance to the Bolshevik insurrection. In the early morning, the military-revolutionary committee planned the last of the locations to be assaulted or seized from its heavily guarded and picketed center in Smolny Palace. The Red Guards systematically captured major government facilities, key communication installations and vantage points with little opposition. The Petrograd Garrison and most of the city's military units joined the insurrection against the Provisional Government.
Kerensky and the Provisional Government were virtually helpless to offer significant resistance. Railways and railway stations had been controlled by Soviet workers and soldiers for days, making rail travel to and from Petrograd impossible for Provisional Government officials. The Provisional Government was also unable to locate any serviceable vehicles. On the morning of the insurrection, Kerensky desperately searched for a means of reaching military forces he hoped would be friendly to the Provisional Government outside the city, and ultimately borrowed a Renault car from the American embassy, which he drove from the Winter Palace alongside a Pierce Arrow. Kerensky was able to evade the pickets going up around the palace and drive to meet approaching soldiers.
As Kerensky left Petrograd, Lenin wrote a proclamation "To the Citizens of Russia" stating that the Provisional Government had been overthrown by the Military Revolutionary Committee. The proclamation was sent by telegraph throughout Russia even as the pro-Soviet soldiers were seizing important control centers throughout the city. One of Lenin's intentions was to present members of the Soviet congress, who would assemble that afternoon, with a fait accompli and thus forestall further debate on the wisdom or legitimacy of taking power.
A bloodless insurrection occurred with a final assault against the Winter Palace, with 3,000 cadets, officers, cossacks and female soldiers poorly defending the Winter Palace. The Bolsheviks delayed the assault because the revolutionaries could not find functioning artillery. The Bolsheviks also prolonged the assault for fear of violence since the insurrection did not generate violent outbreaks. At 6:15 p.m., a large group of artillery cadets abandoned the palace, taking their artillery with them. At 8:00 p.m., 200 cossacks left the palace and returned to their barracks. While the cabinet of the provisional government within the palace debated what action to take, the Bolsheviks issued an ultimatum to surrender. Workers and soldiers occupied the last of the telegraph stations, cutting off the cabinet's communications with loyal military forces outside the city. As the night progressed, crowds of insurgents surrounded the palace, and many infiltrated it. While Soviet historians and officials tended to depict the event in heroic terms, the insurrection and even the seizure of the Winter Palace happened almost without resistance. At 9:45 p.m, the cruiser Aurora fired a blank shot from the harbor. Some of the revolutionaries entered the Palace at 10:25 p.m. and there was a mass entry 3 hours later. By 2:10 a.m on 26 October Bolshevik forces had gained control of the palace. After sporadic gunfire throughout the building, the cabinet of the provisional government had surrendered. The only member who was not arrested was Kerensky himself who had already left the Palace.
Later official accounts of the revolution from the Soviet Union would depict the events in October as being far more dramatic than they actually had been. (See a first-hand account by British General Knox.) This was aided by the historical reenactment, entitled The Storming of the Winter Palace, which was staged in 1920. This reenactment, watched by 100,000 spectators, provided the model for official films made much later, which showed a huge storming of the Winter Palace and fierce fighting. In reality, the Bolshevik insurgents faced little opposition. The insurrection was timed and organized to hand state power to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which began on 25 October (7 November new style). After a single day of revolution, the death toll was low not because Bolsheviks decided not to use artillery fire, but instead because the class struggle was used as the strongest weapon.
Soviet government archives show that parties of Bolshevik operatives sent from the Smolny Institute by Lenin took over all critical central power in Petrograd in the early hours of the first night without a significant number of shots fired. This was completed so efficiently that the takeover resembled the changing of the guard. There was not much of a storming of the Winter Palace because the resistance basically did not exist and at 2:10 a.m. on 26 October (8 November new style) 1917 the Red Guards took control of the Winter Palace. The Cossacks deserted when the Red Guard approached, and the Cadets and the 140 volunteers of the Women's Battalion surrendered rather than resist the 40,000 strong army. The Aurora was commandeered to then fire blanks at the palace in a symbolic act of rejection of the government. The Bolsheviks effectively controlled the almost unoccupied Winter Palace not because of an intense military barrage, but because the back door was left open, allowing the Red Guard to enter. The Provisional Government was arrested and imprisoned in Peter and Paul Fortress after the ministers resigned to fate and surrendered without a fight, and officially overthrown.
Later stories of the heroic "Storming of the Winter Palace" and "defense of the Winter Palace" were later propaganda by Bolshevik publicists. Grandiose paintings depicting the "Women's Battalion" and photo stills taken from Sergei Eisenstein's staged film depicting the "politically correct" version of the October events in Petrograd came to be taken as truth.
With the Petrograd Soviet now in control of government, garrison and proletariat, the Second All Russian Congress of Soviets held its opening session on the day, while Trotsky dismissed the opposing Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SR) from Congress.
Some sources contend that as the leader of Tsentrobalt, Pavlo Dybenko played an enormous role in the revolt. It is said[who?] that the ten warships that entered the city with ten thousand Baltic fleet mariners was the force that actually took the power in Petrograd and put down the Provisional Government. The same mariners then dispersed by force the elected parliament of Russia, and used machine-gun fire against protesting demonstrators in Petrograd. About 100 demonstrators were killed, and several hundreds wounded. Dybenko in his memoirs mentioned this event as "several shots in the air". These are disputed by various sources such as Louise Bryant, who claims that news outlets in the West at the time reported that the unfortunate loss of life occurred in Moscow, not Petrograd, and the number was much less than suggested above. As for the "several shots in the air", there is little evidence suggesting otherwise.
The Second Congress of Soviets consisted of 670 elected delegates; 300 were Bolshevik and nearly a hundred were Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, who also supported the overthrow of the Alexander Kerensky Government. When the fall of the Winter Palace was announced, the Congress adopted a decree transferring power to the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, thus ratifying the Revolution.
The transfer of power was not without disagreement. The center and Right wings of the Socialist Revolutionaries as well as the Mensheviks believed that Lenin and the Bolsheviks had illegally seized power and they walked out before the resolution was passed. As they exited, they were taunted by Leon Trotsky who told them "You are pitiful isolated individuals; you are bankrupts; your role is played out. Go where you belong from now on — into the dustbin of history!"
The following day, 26 October, the Congress elected a new cabinet of Bolsheviks, pending the convocation of a Constituent Assembly. This basis for the new Soviet government was known as the Council (Soviet) of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom), with Lenin as leader. Lenin allegedly approved of the name, reporting that it "smells of revolution". The cabinet quickly passed the Decree on Peace and the Decree on Land. This new government was also officially called "provisional" until the Assembly was dissolved. Posters were pinned on walls and fences by the Right Socialist Revolutionaries, describing the takeover as a "crime against the motherland and revolution".
On 27 October 1917 (9 November new style), the Mensheviks seized power in Georgia and declared it an independent republic. The Don Cossacks also claimed control of their own government. The biggest Bolshevik strongholds were in the cities, particularly Petrograd, with support much more mixed in rural areas. The peasant dominated Left SR Party was in coalition with the Bolsheviks. There are reports that the Provisional Government had not conceded defeat and are meeting with the army at the Front.
On 28 October 1917,(10 November new style) some posters and newspapers started criticizing the actions of the Bolsheviks and refuted their authority. The Executive Committee of Peasants Soviets "[refuted] with indignation all participation of the organised peasantry in this criminal violation of the will of the working class". On 29 October 1917, opposition to the Bolsheviks developed into major counter-revolutionary action. Cossacks entered Tsarskoye Selo on outskirts of Petrograd with Kerensky riding on a white horse welcomed by church bells. Kerensky gave an ultimatum to the rifle garrison to lay down weapons, which was promptly refused. They were then fired upon by Kerensky's Cossacks, which resulted in 8 deaths. This turned soldiers in Petrograd against Kerensky because he was just like the Tsarist regime. Kerensky's failure to assume authority over troops was described by John Reed as a 'fatal blunder' that signalled the final death of the government.
On 30 October 1917 (12 November new style), the battle against the anti-Bolsheviks continued. The Red Guard fought against Cossacks at Tsarskoye Selo, with the Cossacks breaking rank and fleeing, leaving their artillery behind.
On 31 October 1917 (13 November new style), the Bolsheviks gained control of Moscow after a week of bitter street-fighting. Artillery had been freely used with an estimated 700 casualties. However, there was still continued support for Kerensky in some of the provinces.
On 1 November 1917 (14 November new style), there was an appeal to anti-Bolsheviks throughout Russia to join the new government of the people, with the Bolsheviks winning even more support from the Russian people.
On 2 November 1917 (15 November new style), there was only minor public anti-Bolshevik sentiment; for example, the newspaper Novaya Zhizn criticised the lack of manpower and organisation of the Bolsheviks to run a party, let alone a government. Lenin confidently claimed that there is "not a shadow of hesitation in the masses of Petrograd, Moscow and the rest of Russia" towards Bolshevik rule.
On 10 November 1917 (23 November new style), the government sought to label its citizens as "citizens of the Russian Republic," and make them equal in all possible respects. This was accomplished by the nullification of all "legal designations of civil equality, such as estates, titles, and ranks."
The elections to the Constituent Assembly took place in November 1917. The Bolsheviks gained 23.9% of the vote.
On 12 November (25 November new style), a Constituent Assembly was elected. In these elections, 26 mandatory delegates were proposed by the Bolshevik Central Committee and 58 were proposed by the Socialist Revolutionaries. The outcome of the election gave the majority to the Socialist Revolutionary Party, which no longer existed as a full party by that time, as the Left SR Party was in coalition with the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks dissolved the Constituent Assembly in January 1918, when it came into conflict with the Soviets.
On 16 December 1917 (29 December 1917 new style), the government ventured to eliminate hierarchy in the army, removing all titles, ranks, and uniform decorations. The tradition of saluting was also eliminated.
On 20 December 1917 (2 January 1918 new style), the Cheka was created by the decree of Vladimir Lenin. These were the beginnings of the Bolsheviks' consolidation of power over their political opponents. The Red Terror was started in September 1918, following a failed assassination attempt on Lenin's life. The Jacobin Terror was an example for the Soviet Bolsheviks. Leon Trotsky had compared Lenin to Maximilien Robespierre as early as 1904.
All private property was nationalized by the government.
All Russian banks were nationalized.
Private bank accounts were expropriated.
The properties of the Church (including bank accounts) were expropriated.
All foreign debts were repudiated.
Control of the factories was given to the soviets.
Wages were fixed at higher rates than during the war, and a shorter, eight-hour working day was introduced.
All private property were not nationalized by the government in the days, weeks and months that followed the revolution 25th of October 1917 according to the Julian calendar and 7th November in the Gregorian calendar. The government of the Bolshevik party and Left SR denied taking steps to support the working class population establishing their collective power of the main corporations and from there collectively organize the economy. As chairman of the government Lenin negotiated with fractions of the upper bourgeoisie. The aim was the bourgeoisie to manage the corporations according to orders and decisions from the new government. This failed utterly because it presupposed the masses to accept class cooperation in a revolutionary situation. It is in this context the Bolshevik party understood 'workers control' as checking and supervision by the employees to secure that orders from the government were followed. Instead some factories continued to be in private hands because the masses either had no local knowledge or they hesitated to act as supporters of the Bolshevik party. Other factories were taken over by the employees and some by the government after pressure from below or by initiative from the new government. This mess was rooted in lack of class consciousness of the masses who put their hands in an authoritarian political party. Only a minority of the working class population fought to establish a democratic rule of the main capitalist factories.
The Bolshevik party opposed that the masses should rule the economy from below just as it also opposed that the political institutions to be ruled from below. That the government ultimately established state ownership in charge of the economy did not express any direct power from below. Through democratic elections in the soviets autumn 1917 did the Bolshevik party build its power to control of the trade unions which became state institutions. Later the same year the factory committees were subordinated to the trade unions. From this power base was it not so difficult to establish a one-man-rule of the factories. One administrative and one technical manager had the daily control but the technical manager had the last word related to the economy independent of what the employees wanted. The technical manager took orders from higher organs in the state. If the orders were not followed could other organs appeal to higher authorities or the government. The system of one-man-management was fiercely defended by Lenin on a trade union congress in spring 1918 where he said if the party is not in charge the whole point of a party ceased to exist and thereby the revolution itself. So much about Lenin's presumed democratic method.
A system of appointment from above was established step by step. Local soviets resisting this policy were either met with armed Cheka troops and forced to submit or the soviets were denied access to ration cards for food and fuel to heat the living apartments and to make food. That the Bolshevik party blocked democratic elections to both the soviets, factory committees, the trade unions and other institutions made this transfer of power easier than expected.
October revolution manifested a political revolution by taking down the old regime but failed to established a democratic council system from below. That the economy was not transferred into the masses reflected what happened in the political institutions. The very elite on the top of the political institutions understood itself as crucial for the world revolution but ended up as blocking all power from below. When the same elite also got power of the economy and the economic surplus answering only to itself is it correct to say the elite in reality transformed itself into a ruling state capitalist class. Later the Bolshevik party went further by claiming the working class had to be put under marshal law to obey the government - Sovnarkom. This development turned out to lead to a totalitarian state where Stalin just did what was exercised under Lenin and Trotsky but on a wider scale.
Bolshevik-led attempts to gain power in other parts of the Russian Empire were largely successful in Russia proper — although the fighting in Moscow lasted for two weeks — but they were less successful in ethnically non-Russian parts of the Empire, which had been clamoring for independence since the February Revolution. For example, the Ukrainian Rada, which had declared autonomy on 23 June 1917, created the Ukrainian People's Republic on 20 November, which was supported by the Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. This led to an armed conflict with the Bolshevik government in Petrograd and, eventually, a Ukrainian declaration of independence from Russia on 25 January 1918. In Estonia, two rival governments emerged: the Estonian Provincial Assembly, established in April 1917, proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority of Estonia on 28 November 1917 and issued the Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918. Soviet Russia recognized the Executive Committee of the Soviets of Estonia as the legal authority in the province, although the Soviets in Estonia controlled only the capital and a few other major towns. The success of the October Revolution transformed the Russian state into a soviet republic. A coalition of anti-Bolshevik groups attempted to unseat the new government in the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922.
In an attempt to intervene in the civil war after the Bolsheviks' separate peace with the Central Powers, the Allied powers (United Kingdom, France, Italy, United States and Japan) occupied parts of the Soviet Union for over two years before finally withdrawing. The United States did not recognize the new Russian government until 1933. The European powers recognized the Soviet Union in the early 1920s and began to engage in business with it after the New Economic Policy (NEP) was implemented.
Few events in historical research have been as conditioned by political influences as the October Revolution. The historiography of the Revolution generally divides into three camps: the Soviet-Marxist view, the Western-Totalitarian view, and the Revisionist view.
Soviet historiography of the October Revolution is intertwined with Soviet historical development. Many of the initial Soviet interpreters of the Revolution were themselves Bolshevik revolutionaries. After the initial wave of revolutionary narratives, Soviet historians worked within "narrow guidelines" defined by the Soviet government. The rigidity of interpretive possibilities reached its height under Joseph Stalin.
Soviet historians of the October Revolution interpreted the Revolution with regard to establishing the legitimacy of Marxist ideology, and also the Bolshevik government. To establish the accuracy of Marxist ideology, Soviet historians generally described the Revolution as the product of class struggle. They maintained that the Revolution was the supreme event in a world history governed by historical laws. The Bolshevik Party is placed at the center of the Revolution, exposing the errors of both the moderate Provisional Government and the spurious "socialist" Mensheviks in the Petrograd Soviet. Guided by Vladimir Lenin's leadership and his firm grasp of scientific Marxist theory, the Party led the "logically predetermined" events of the October Revolution from beginning to end. The events were, according to these historians, logically predetermined because of the socio-economic development of Russia, where the monopoly industrial capitalism alienated the masses. In this view, the Bolshevik party took the leading role in organizing these alienated industrial workers, and thereby established the construction of the first socialist state.
Following the turn of the 21st century, some Soviet historians began to implement an "anthropological turn" in their historiographical analysis of the Russian Revolution. This method of analysis focuses on the average person's experience of day-to-day life during the revolution, and pulls the analytical focus away from larger events, notable revolutionaries, and overarching claims about party views. In 2006, S. V. Iarov employed this methodology when he focused on citizen adjustment to the new Soviet system. Iarov explored the dwindling labor protests, evolving forms of debate, and varying forms of politicization as a result of the new Soviet rule from 1917 to 1920. In 2010, O. S. Nagornaia took interest in the personal experiences of Russian prisoners of war taken by Germany, examining Russian soldiers and officers' ability to cooperate and implement varying degrees of autocracy despite being divided by class, political views and race. Other analyses following this "anthropological turn" have explored texts from soldiers and how they used personal war experiences to further their political goals, as well as how individual life-structure and psychology may have shaped major decisions in the civil war that followed the revolution.
During the late Soviet period, the opening of select Soviet archives during glasnost sparked innovative research that broke away from some aspects of Marxism–Leninism, though the key features of the orthodox Soviet view remained intact.
During the Cold War, Western historiography of the October Revolution developed in direct response to the assertions of the Soviet view. The Soviet version of the October Revolution conditioned historical interpretations in the United States and the West. As a result, these Western historians exposed what they believed were flaws in the Soviet view, thereby undermining the Bolsheviks' original legitimacy, as well as the precepts of Marxism.
These Western historians described the revolution as the result of a chain of contingent accidents. Examples of these accidental and contingent factors they say precipitated the Revolution included World War I's timing, chance, and the poor leadership of Tsar Nicholas II as well as liberal and moderate socialists. According to Western historians, it was not popular support, but rather manipulation of the masses, ruthlessness, and the superior structure of the Bolsheviks that enabled it to survive. For these historians, the Bolsheviks' defeat in the Constituent Assembly elections of November–December 1917 demonstrated popular opposition to the Bolsheviks' coup, as did the scale and breadth of the Civil War.
Western historians saw the organization of the Bolshevik party as proto-totalitarian. Their interpretation of the October Revolution as a violent coup organized by a proto-totalitarian party reinforced to them the idea that totalitarianism was an inherent part of Soviet history. For them, Stalinist totalitarianism developed as a natural progression from Leninism and the Bolshevik party's tactics and organization.
The dissolution of the USSR affected historical interpretations of the October Revolution. Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution. Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the effect of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of historians in the former USSR. While the disintegration essentially helped solidify the Western and Revisionist views, post-USSR Russian historians largely repudiated the former Soviet historical interpretation of the Revolution. As Stephen Kotkin argues, 1991 prompted "a return to political history and the apparent resurrection of totalitarianism, the interpretive view that, in different ways…revisionists sought to bury".
The term "Red October" (Красный Октябрь, Krasnyy Oktyabr) has also been used to describe the events of the month. This name has in turn been lent to a steel factory made notable by the Battle of Stalingrad, a Moscow sweets factory that is well known in Russia, and a fictional Soviet submarine.
Ten Days That Shook the World, a book written by American journalist John Reed and first published in 1919, gives a firsthand exposition of the events. Reed died in 1920, shortly after the book was finished.
Dmitri Shostakovich wrote his Symphony No. 2 in B major, Op. 14 and subtitled To October, for the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution. The choral finale of the work, "To October", is set to a text by Alexander Bezymensky, which praises Lenin and the revolution. The Symphony No. 2 was first performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra and the Academy Capella Choir under the direction of Nikolai Malko, on 5 November 1927.
Sergei Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov's film October: Ten Days That Shook the World, first released on 20 January 1928 in the USSR and on 2 November 1928 in New York City, describes and glorifies the revolution and was commissioned to commemorate the event.
7 November, the anniversary of the October Revolution, was the official national day of the Soviet Union from 1918 onward and still is a public holiday in Belarus and the breakaway territory of Transnistria.
The October revolution of 1917 also marks the inception of the first communist government in Russia, and thus the first large-scale socialist state in world history. After this Russia became the Russian SFSR and later part of the USSR, which dissolved in late 1991.
^ Russian: Октя́брьская револю́ция, tr. Oktyabr'skaya revolyutsiya, IPA: [ɐkˈtʲabrʲskəjə rʲɪvɐˈlʲutsɨjə].
^ Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция, Velikaya Oktyabr'skaya sotsialističeskaya revolyutsiya.
^ History.com Staff. "Russian Revolution." History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/russian-revolution.
^ Samaan, A.E. (2 February 2013). From a "Race of Masters" to a "Master Race": 1948 to 1848. A.E. Samaan. p. 346. ISBN 0615747884. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
^ Jennifer Llewellyn, John Rae and Steve Thompson (2014). "The Constituent Assembly". Alpha History.
^ Bunyan & Fisher 1934, p. 385.
^ a b Steinberg, Mark (2017). The Russian Revolution 1905-1917. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 143–146. ISBN 978-0-19-922762-4.
^ Trotsky, Leon (1934). History of the Russian Revolution. London: The Camelot Press ltd. p. 859-864.
^ "Steinberg, Mark (2017). The Russian Revolution 1905-1921. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-0-19-922762-4."
^ Upton, Anthony F. (1980). The Finnish Revolution: 1917-1918. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. p. 89. ISBN 9781452912394.
^ Steinberg, Mark D. (2017). The Russian Revolution 1905-1921. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 191, 193–194. ISBN 9780199227624.
^ Richard Pipes (1990). The Russian Revolution. Knopf Doubleday. p. 407.
^ Michael C. Hickey (2010). Competing Voices from the Russian Revolution: Fighting Words: Fighting Words. ABC-CLIO. p. 559.
^ Pipes, 1997. p. 51. "There is no evidence of a Kornilov plot, but there is plenty of evidence of Kerensky's duplicity."
^ "Central Committee Meeting—10 Oct 1917".
^ Steinberg, Mark (2001). Voices of the Revolution, 1917. Binghamton, New York: Yale University Press. p. 170. ISBN 0300090161.
^ "1917 – La Revolution Russe". Arte TV. 16 September 2007. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
^ Bard College: Experimental Humanities and Eurasian Studies. "From Empire To Republic: October 24 – November 1, 1917". Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ "1917 Free History". Yandex Publishing. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ Jonathan Schell, 2003. 'The Mass Minority in Action: France and Russia'. For example, in The Unconquerable World. London: Penguin, pp. 167–185.
^ "ВОЕННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА --[ Мемуары ]-- Дыбенко П.Е. Из недр царского флота к Великому Октябрю".
^ Steinberg, Mark D. (2001). Voices of Revolution, 1917. Yale University. p. 251. ISBN 978-0300101690.
^ a b Steinberg, Mark D. (2001). Voices of Revolution. Yale University. p. 257.
^ Ward, John (2004). With the "Die-Hards" in Siberia. Dodo Press. p. 91. ISBN 1409906809.
^ Edward Acton, Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997), 5.
^ Stephen Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution: Sources, Conceptual Categories, Analytical Frameworks," The Journal of Modern History 70 (October 1998): 392.
^ a b c Acton, Critical Companion, 7.
^ Acton, Critical Companion, 8.
^ Alter Litvin, Writing History in Twentieth-Century Russia, (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 49–50.
^ Roger Markwick, Rewriting History in Soviet Russia: The Politics of Revisionist Historiography, (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 97.
^ Markwick, Rewriting History, 102.
^ Smith, S. A. (2015). "The historiography of the Russian Revolution 100 Years On". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 16: 733–749 – via Project MUSE.
^ Iarov, S.V. (2006). "Konformizm v Sovetskoi Rossii: Petrograd, 1917-20". Evropeiskii dom.
^ Nagornaia, O. S. (2010). "Drugoi voennyi opyt: Rossiiskie voennoplennye Pervoi mirovoi voiny v Germanii (1914-1922)". Novyi khronograf.
^ Morozova, O. M. (2010). "Dva akta dramy: Boevoe proshloe i poslevoennaia povsednevnost ' verteranov grazhdanskoi voiny". Rostov-on-Don: Iuzhnyi nauchnyi tsentr Rossiiskoi akademii nauk.
^ O. M., Morozova (2007). "Antropologiia grazhdanskoi voiny". Rostov-on-Don: Iuzhnyi nauchnyi tsentr RAN.
^ Acton, Critical Companion, 6–7.
^ Norbert Francis, "Revolution in Russia and China: 100 Years," International Journal of Russian Studies 6 (July 2017): 130-143.
^ Stephen E. Hanson (1997). Time and Revolution: Marxism and the Design of Soviet Institutions. U of North Carolina Press. p. 130.
^ Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution," 385-86.
^ Litvin, Writing History, 47.
^ Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution," 385.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Russian Revolution of 1917.
Read, Christopher: Revolutions (Russian Empire), in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Peeling, Siobhan: July Crisis 1917 (Russian Empire), in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
How the Bolshevik party elite crushed the democratic elected workers and popular councils - soviets - and established totalitarian state capitalism. | 2019-04-26T12:25:14Z | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolshevik_revolution |
Hello. I am new here, and I’m posting on behalf of my 26 year old sister who has been in a psychiatric unit for a week.
My sister has a history of mild depression and functionable anxiety. She had occasional bouts of anger, periods of intense fatigue, and nightly hallucinations usually during sleep paralysis. She started having occasional panic attacks a few years ago. (The only psychiatric medication she had been on prior was Prozac during her childhood.) Despite her struggles , she was generally happy and enjoyed life.
To help combat her anxiety, she started taking 10 mg of Lexapro in May 2018. Not knowing the danger of taking it intermittently, she took it whenever she remembered. Her doctor increased her dose to 20 mg which she took daily for 2 weeks. In early July, she developed strep symptoms, but tested negative for strep throat. Her doctor diagnosed her with laryngitis.
Her throat hurt so bad, that she cold turkeyed off Lexapro because it hurt to swallow the pills. She continued to show symptoms of strep throat and was finally diagnosed on July 4, 2018.
After 2 doses of Penicillin (and a couple days off Lexapro) she experienced an episode lasting a couple hours where her moods alternated between intense fear (needing to hold Mom’s hand, impending doom, confusion, depersonalization, terror from Hell) and fits of giddiness (giggling, silly talk). She hallucinated once during this episode (shadow in kitchen.) She stopped taking the Penicillin because she thought it caused the episode. Her doctor told her the strep would probably go away on its own.
A week later, she noticed swollen lymph nodes on her neck (near collar bone.) She started another antibiotic which she finished. She started noticing increasing anxiety in the morning that would subside at night. She took Effexor for 5 days, but cold turkeyed because she thought it was worsening her anxiety. She lost her appetite around this time and had to quit her job.
At the end of August 2018, she admitted herself into a psychiatric unit for 5 days. On one of the days, she had a fever and sore throat. It was not addressed. They put her back on Lexapro at 5 mg which she took daily for 1 month. During this time, she also took 0.5 mg of Lorazepam as needed. (10 pills over the course of a month) She cold turkeyed again off the Lexapro and Lorazepam because of bad heartburn and no help with anxiety.
After this, she developed physical symptoms such as bad night vision, light sensitivity, ear ringing (stopped as of now), cold sweats (stopped as of now), bone chilling cold, dizziness, nausea, poor appetite, extreme weakness, chest pain (went to ER twice because she thought it was a heart attack), and mucus in her stool which was ongoing since before Lexapro.
Her mental symptoms increased as well. Her anxiety became “anxiety from Hell” that resided in the pit of her stomach. She experienced impending doom (worse upon waking up), crushing depression, hopelessness, and inconsolable crying spells where she appeared to be very agitated. She obsessed over her health and started doing research. She self diagnosed herself with Lexapro withdrawals, adverse reactions, kindling, neurotoxicity, and brain damage.
After seeing a psychiatrist on October 23, 2018, she started 15 mg of Mirtazapine. It dulled the massive anxiety, but brought out rage, verbal aggression, and threats directed at her family. She cold turkeyed the Mirtazapine after 6 days (last day was 7.5 mg). Her rage went down and her anxiety went back up.
A couple days before Thanksgiving, she went to the ER after a day of inconsolable crying, anxiety, and impending doom. They sent her home saying “there are too many questions marks in this case so follow up with your psychiatrist.” She had another intense crying/anxiety episode the following day where she was begging for help and immediate relief. She had stopped eating and drinking as was planning her suicide by starvation or going out to the woods to die.
She went back to the ER via ambulance and was admitted into the psychiatric unit. After almost a week of refusing meds, she agreed to try 7.5 mg of Mirtazapine. It’s been 3 days since then and she is experiencing numbness in her head and discomfort on the ride side of her body. They are suggesting an antipsychotic (Zyprexa) or electroshock therapy.
Since this nightmare began, she never stabilized on any medication and cold turkeyed off everything.
She keeps calling me and begging me for advice. I don’t know what to do because I don’t know what’s wrong. No one has an answer. I thought maybe she had Lyme but her test came back negative. I thought maybe she had PANDAS because of the strep. Or maybe it is the fact she never stabilized on medication and kindled her brain.
I came here for hope though because I’ve been lurking for a month and I know many of you have recovered from many years of psychiatric drugs and withdrawals. She wasn’t even regularly on anything for more than a month or two at a time.
So we need to get her stabilized and we can begin to treat underlying issues. My question is how do we do that?
Hello icerose, welcome to SA. I'm so sorry your sister had to go through all of that, but pleased you have found us.
It's possible that the thyroidectomy may have contributed to her anxiety, I believe strep throat can cause all kinds of complications, and I also believe it's possible that the penicillin may have triggered her mood swings and psychotic episode.
With all of this going on, starting and stopping several psych meds has confused the situation even further. Unfortunately, we don't have any magic recipes for instant relief. I agree that the aim should be to stabilise, but it may be that some ongoing symptoms can't be immediately fixed. I think it's very likely that all the changes have caused a lot of confusion in her brain. She currently has numbness in her head and discomfort on the right side of her body - any other symptoms? Is she still taking the mirtazapine? Did mirtazapine help for the anxiety, doom, and so on?
It can be difficult to help someone through a third party - do you think your sister would be willing and able to join SA as a member herself?
On rereading your post, I'm wondering - is your sister still in the psychiatric hospital or has she come home?
My sister is still in the psychiatric ward and she will not have access to the internet when she returns. She scares herself with all the horror stories and medication side effects which leads her to stop her medication cold turkey, hurting herself more. So I will have to be her advocate.
Our goal is again, to stabilize her and then try to figure out what happened. She had a hair mineral analysis done which shows all kinds of issues. Her calcium and magnesium are too high - especially calcium. She is very low in many minerals.
As as far as this being a Lexapro withdrawal, she never had brain zaps or insomnia which I believe are very common withdrawals symptoms. This leads me to believe this is more of a kindling situation in need of stabilization.
Can You Heal While on Medicine?
To briefly summarize her situation, she has a history of anger, night hallucinations, mild anxiety, fatigue, and panic attacks. She started Lexapro (10 mg) in May 2018. She went up to 20 mg for 2 weeks in late June and (2 weeks later) in July, she caught strep throat, cold turkeyed her Lexapro and struggled to finish 3 antibiotics because of increasing anxiety. The anxiety followed a wave/window pattern. She felt normal at night and riddled with anxiety during the morning/day. Doctors blew her off.
After 6 weeks and a psych unit stay, she went back on Lexapro at 5 mg and Lorazepam at 0.5 mg. (The Lorazepam was as needed. I think she took it for 15 days.) After a month, she cold turkeyed Lexapro and Lorazepam.
Then she got really bad. Her windows closed and she started experiencing physical symptoms such as dizziness, light sensitivity, and chills. The anxiety grew to an extreme level and was mixed with impending doom. She lost her appetite.
She tried Mirtazapine (15 mg) for 6 days in October, but stopped and was admitted into the psychiatric unit again in November. They put her back on Mirtazapine and Zyprexa. The sedative effects seemed to work the first week and then she was back to her terrible state.
After a third stay in the psychiatric unit in December, she came home with no improvement. She is currently taking 30 mg of Mirtazapine and 2.5 mg of Zyprexa.
She’s been on these medications for one month and has not stabilized although her appetite has improved. Her “chemical anxiety” is gone and the knot in her stomach is gone. She is still struggling though and needs 24/7 supervision because she’s very suicidal.
She wants to cold turkey her meds yet again because she doesn’t believe she can heal while on meds. Is this true? My theory is that she can still heal the parts of her brain that were kindled by Lexapro because she’s not on an SSRI now.
Please help with any advice. We still don’t know what the heck happened. She wasn’t even on these meds for a long time!
Thank you for the link. Can she stabilize on a medication she’s not withdrawing from? Can she heal from her withdrawal from Lexapro/lorazepam while trying to stabilize on Mirtazapine and Zyprexa?
Can you stabilize on Mirtazapine when you’re withdrawing from Lexapro (and possibly Lorazepam)? My sister cold turkeyed Lexapro twice before even knowing about withdrawal and has been in Hell for 6 months. She’s been trying to stabilize on Mirtazapine and Zyprexa for one month. Her appetite is back and it took the edge off the anxiety but she’s still very suicidal. What do we do now?? Can the Mirtazapine kick in later on?
Also, can she heal from her Lexapro/Lorazepam withdrawal while trying to stabilize on Mirtazapine and Zyprexa? She literally had no choice. She was starving to death her withdrawal was so bad and she wasn’t even on these meds for more than 2 months!
I am sorry your sister is in this situation. I can understand why she's very distressed.
It seems possible to me that her initial anxiety after getting a thyroidectomy was too high a dosage of thyroid hormone. This can cause anxiety and sleeplessness. The fix is to reduce thyroid hormone. Some people need a custom compounded dose, the usual tablet dosages are not quite right.
This may be the underlying cause for many of her symptoms. If it is, psychiatric drugs might not compensate.
After that, I agree with @Songbird , she's had a series of adverse psychiatric drug reactions that have destabilized her nervous system.
Did 15mg mirtazapine help her sleep? Does 30mg mirtazapine help? What effect does 2.5mg Zyprexa have now?
What date did she start 30mg mirtazapine and 2.5mg Zyprexa?
What times of day does she take her drugs, and their dosages? What are her symptoms before and after she takes her drugs? Is she capable of keeping daily notes on paper about her symptoms, when she takes her drugs, and their dosages?
We would like to see a simple list format with time of day on the left and notation (symptom, drug and dosage) on the right.
The 30 mg of Mirtaxapine and 2.5 mg Zyprexa combo has taken away her impending doom and the knot in the pit of her stomach. (She started those doses about 1.5-2 weeks ago.) But it has left her with extreme suicidal thoughts to the point where she cannot be left alone. She lives with my parents. She’s already been in the psych ward 3 times and they do absolutely nothing and treat her like a criminal. My dad is literally to the point of saying, “Just let her die” it’s so bad. She just called me in suicidal hysterics saying she can’t do this anymore.
She takes her meds between 8:30-9 pm and seems quiet afterwards and then goes to sleep. She’s a wreck from the time she wakes up until late afternoon where she’s in less of a Hell and then the Hell picks up a little before she takes her meds.
Ive been trying so hard to figure out what happened. I’ve been down the chronic Lyme route, PANDAS, thyroid problems, kindling, a legit mental illness...BUT even mentally ill people aren’t in Hell 24/7!!! At this rate, she’s probably going to kill herself. My family is a mess!!!
Is it possible she's become hyperthyroid? It seems this drug merry-go-round started after the thyroidectomy. Perhaps she had an adverse reaction to something she was prescribed then, aside from Benadryl?
But it has left her with extreme suicidal thoughts to the point where she cannot be left alone.
If these started after she increased mirtazapine to 30mg, she's taking too much mirtazapine. If she's only been on 30mg for 2 weeks, she can probably go back to 15mg by reducing by a quarter of a tablet every few days.
If they started after she initiated Zyprexa, the drug might be causing them.
We would need more detail about her daily symptom pattern. She could be having drug hangover until the afternoon.
Please be aware this is a site for going off psychiatric drugs, not dealing with adverse drug reactions per se. We don't address situations where people are having side effects from drug combinations but otherwise don't intend to go off drugs. It's up to your sister's doctors to manage her drugs.
It's unfortunate, but doctors are not knowledgeable about drug adverse effects of any kind.
My dad is literally to the point of saying, “Just let her die” it’s so bad.
He is only saying this because he feels so helpless. He is finding the situation very difficult. When there is a problem men want/try to fix it. They feel that they should be able to take care of things/people and when they can't they feel useless. It's not that your dad doesn't care, he is just dealing with this situation differently to how you are.
My sister has just been diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis (PANDAS) and I believe she has it on top of withdrawal. She saw one of the best neurologists in the country who said SSRIs make people with PANDAS worse.
She took Lexapro (10 mg) for less than 2 months and the last 2 weeks were 20 mg. She cold turkeyed the Lexapro at the same time she got a massive case of strep throat. She presented with rapid onset OCD that felt like bad anxiety that came in waves. 6 weeks later, she tried Effexor for 5 days which closed her windows. She went back on Lexapro (5 mg) and Ativan (0.5-1mg). She felt worse and cold turkeyed after a month. She was left with a bunch of physical symptoms and hellish mental symptoms.
She tried 15 mg Mirtazapine for 6 days a month later and then stopped because she was afraid it would make her worse. After several hospital stays, she went back on Mirtazapine and started Zyprexa as well.
This all happened in a 7 month period. She is currently on 22.5 mg of Mirtazapine and 2.5 mg of Zyprexa. All her physical symptoms are gone. Her mental symptoms are intrusive suicidal thoughts, impending doom, rage, and anxiety from Hell.
She recently had 2 IV steroid and antibiotic treatments. A couple days after it, she had half a day without suicidal thoughts, but they are back with a vengeance. We are in the process of getting more labs and bloodwork regarding the PANDAS.
In the meantime, she NEEDS relief. We are days away from a suicide or hospital commital. We’re going to have to break some rules about the “we don’t recommend supplement” stuff because she is a psychotic, suicidal wreck screaming at everyone, threatening suicide, and having agitated crying episodes on the floor. Help please!!
She recently had 2 IV steroid and antibiotic treatments.
The date she had these treatments.
The names of the drugs.
Steroids can cause many problems for people in withdrawal and some antibiotics are very, very dangerous, especially the Fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics.
Love, safety, nutrition, a calm environment, gentle boundaries, and total acceptance of the situation are all elements in the formula.
My sister is in need of some success stories. She believes she is the worst case scenario and will never heal because she kindled her brain (failed reinstatements during withdrawal.) She asked me to find recovery stories of people who kindled during withdrawal and healed. She is now tapering during her kindled withdrawal and is extremely suicidal. She is a rare case, having only been on Lexapro for 2 months when she cold turkeyed, went into minor withdrawal, reinstated not knowing what was happening, the reinstatement didn’t work and she kept getting worse. (She has autoimmune encephalitis and SSRIs make her worse.) Please help me give her hope. She is a beautiful soul with so much to offer and the world will lose her incredible talents if she gives up and ends her life. Thank you.
What do you mean, she is "psychotic"? Can she listen to common sense? Can you tell her she's having a drug reaction that will gradually go away?
First of all, it's a good sign her physical symptoms are gone. How is she sleeping?
What time of day does she take her drugs, do they have any side effects that you can tell? If she's taking Zyprexa and mirtazapine at the same time, why?
No, she cannot reason or use common sense. She believes she is permanently damaged no matter how much we try to convince her otherwise. She believes her only choice is death. My parents have agreed to stay out of her way and let her die. She’s planning to die by dehydration in a couple weeks. It’s that bad.
She can sleep, but it’s filled with impending doom and head pressure.
She takes her drugs at 8:30 pm (at the same time because they’re supposed to make you drowsy.) She can’t tell if there are side effects.
No, she cannot reason or use common sense. She believes she is permanently damaged no matter how much we try to convince her otherwise. She believes her only choice is death.
Icerose, this is far beyond what an online forum can help with.
This is what we require from members who wish to taper.
What do you mean by self-manage?
Please carefully consider your ability to meet the challenges of tapering in the context of both your current wellness and life situation.
From what you've written, your sister is not able to meet these standards and participate in her own withdrawal and recovery. She needs on-the-ground help, not an online forum.
My sister has just been diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis (PANDAS) and I believe she has it on top of withdrawal.
Since the symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis (PANDAS) are some of the same as withdrawal, she needs to work closely with her doctor who is treating her for this condition. If you can get her an appointment with a psychiatrist or therapist who is aware of psychiatric drug withdrawal and have them work together, that will be your sister's best option.
I moved this off the Success Stories forum and placed it here in your thread since this is dealing with your sister's taper.
Also, your continuing reference to your sister's suicidal state can be triggering for our sensitive members. Please limit this use.
There are many success stories of people who have kindled because most people come to this site destabilized. That is not unusual. Your sister case is not "a rare case", but rather, a complicated case, as she's dealing with another illness (PANDAS) that also has a lot of psychiatric-type symptoms (hallucinations, paranoid thoughts, memory loss, agitation, etc).
Icerose, my heart goes out to you. You and your family are living a nightmare right now. It is an impossibly horrific experience to watch someone you love devolve into someone unrecognizable with no rational explanation.
I am on this forum because I am a mother helping her teenage son taper off his psychotropic medication. I did read your thread with some interest because I believe my son has had PANS (similar to PANDAS but not necessarily caused by strep) episodes, however, he is complicated because he has also had cancer with brain radiation and chemo directly to his brain and he has been diagnosed with narcolepsy (which is, like PANS, an autoimmune disease) and he has been on and off a number of psychotropic medications for over a decade. I have come to realize that whatever medical conditions he has, the psychotropic drugs, especially the doctor directed fast tapers off and on, have caused a lot of life-altering issues.
Your sister also sounds extremely complicated. Here is an article that discusses a case with some similarities to your sister. Perhaps you could contact the doctor from the story?
icerose, she may be taking too much Zyprexa, which is causing her doomy mood. Please discuss a slight reduction with her doctors.
Is she also taking a benzodiazepine such as lorazepam or clonazepam? That can cause a side effect of depression, too.
It is understandable that she feels she's lost control of her life, she's ill and in a psychiatric ward. As long as she talks about suicide, they will want to keep her drugged. In the psychiatric unit, she's lucky she's on only Zyprexa and mirtazapine. They're usually a lot more aggressive in getting people to shut up about suicide.
If she's sleeping, that's good vis a vis withdrawal syndrome. Her medical condition is so complex, we can't resolve all her symptoms with what we know on this site, we don't treat PANDAS. | 2019-04-19T17:01:20Z | https://www.survivingantidepressants.org/topic/19351-icerose87-my-sister-needs-help/ |
I’m delighted to have fellow Canadian and Love Inspired author, Patricia Johns, here this week with a special guest post.
Patricia Johns writes from Alberta, Canada where the winters are long and cold–a perfect recipe for writing! She lives with one husband, one child, and two birds. She writes for both Harlequin Love Inspired and Harlequin American Romance.
Have you ever noticed that every country seems to have something that they’re known for. Mexico has their food. Germany has their chocolate. America has baseball and apple pie. Canada has politeness.
If you were to come across a Canadian in his or her natural habitat and you stepped on his foot, he’d apologize to you.
“Oh, excuse me! I’m sorry. Didn’t see you there.” And that is from the person who was trampled!
Our public debates are rather sheepish, too. No one likes being too aggressive.
Every once in a long while there is a political demonstration where about fourteen people with placards wander in uncomfortable circles, observed by even more uncomfortable passers-by. We aren’t comfortable with angry statements. We’re much more comfortable saying something like, “I’m pretty sure I’m right, but I’m happy to sit down and talk this out, because I think a meaningful dialogue would help us find a good middle ground.” That doesn’t really fit on a placard. Nor work as a slogan. I’m not even convinced that it helps anything get done!
Mostly, people just get cold and tired and wander off to get a coffee.
To me, that’s a strong statement. There is so much between the lines that remains politely unsaid, but it’s still there, right?
I’ve gotten much better at saying things straight–at least in my writing. And never fear, the editors don’t let my over-politeness past their desks. It gets corrected pronto.
LOL, Patricia. Thanks for sharing.
When the baby he rescued seven years ago returns—with his widowed adoptive mom—Deputy Fire Chief Matt Bailey can’t turn them away. Desperate to escape the reminders of his failure in the line of duty, Matt is close to leaving town. But one look at Rachel Carter and her son, Christopher, has him second-guessing his plans. Rachel is a mom in need of a hero for her son. But as much as she wants the two to bond, she’s determined to keep her distance from Matt. After losing her husband on the job, she promised never to love another fireman. Yet somehow she finds herself drawn to the one man she should avoid.
Your Turn: What do you think about Patricia’s take on Canadian politeness? Has that been your experience?
It’s Valentine’s week. What better time to read some romances?!
But pregnant Ali Silver’s husband broke his vow and walked away from her. After being injured in combat, Jericho has finally come home to Bitterroot Valley to make peace with his father and regain Ali’s trust. But the single mom’s keeping secrets of her own. And someone’s killing off Ali’s cattle and sabotaging her horse therapy business. Jericho will do whatever it takes to protect his wife and be a real father to his son. Because when it comes to love and second chances, he’s one determined cowboy.
I loved the therapeutic horseback-riding angle, as my daughter has volunteered in such a program, and I have two friends whose physically-challenged children use the program.
And… I loved the names Jessica chose for her characters and setting. They are very meaningful. So… I hunted her down to ask her if there’s a story behind the story.
I did volunteer at a therapeutic horseback-riding program! I feel the same passion that Ali Silver does for it. I’ve seen unspeaking children say first words through therapeutic riding and children locked in their own head come out and become social through it as well. The bond that God created between humanity and the animals He called us to rule over really amazes me.
When I set out to write Home for Good, I never intended to write it in a western setting. As I picked names for my characters I gave them each a name that meant something important to the story (some of which I can’t explain without giving away plot points!) and then I decided it could be fun to put the book in a setting that held meaning as well. I started looking up real names of towns all over the country and came upon–not a town–but a region called Bitterroot Valley. One of the main themes of the book is not letting bitterness take over. What better place to set a book with a theme of dealing with bitterness than in Bitteroot Valley?! Especially when I learned the meaning behind the name of the Bitteroot flower (how the valley gets its name), which I explain in the book, then I know the location was meant to be!
The injury that takes Jericho out of the Army really happened. Not to Jericho of course, but to my father. He’s now had two knee replacements and doing well, but before that, he had even more trouble getting around and knee pain than Jericho even experienced.
As a child Jessica possessed the dangerous combination of too much energy coupled with an over-active imagination. This pairing led to more than seven broken bones and countless scars. She’s worked as a zookeeper, a librarian, camp counselor, horse wrangler, housekeeper, and finance clerk, but now loves her full-time work in law enforcement. Former editor of both her college newspaper and literary journal at Trinity International University, Jessica received degrees in both Communications and Biblical Studies. She lives in the Chicagoland suburbs with her amazing husband, beautiful daughter, and two annoyingly outgoing cats. Jessica writes Young Adult fiction and Romance.
Thanks so much Jessica for answering my questions and joining us here today!
Your Turn: Any comments or questions for Jessica? What names have you come across in a book that seemed especially fitting?
Please join me in welcoming Lisa Jordan.
I featured the first novel in her Lakeside collection here last fall–a novel that is a finalist for ACFW’s prestigious Carol Award in the romance category. Congratulations, Lisa!!!
By day, Lisa is an early childhood educator. In her free time (ha!), Lisa enjoys good books, chick flicks, crafting with friends and feeding her NCIS addiction.
Welcome back, Lisa. Please tell us how the characters of Lakeside Family came to life.
I didn’t expect to write Lakeside Family. When I planned the books in my Lakeside Collection, I wanted to write at least three books, and Lakeside Family wasn’t one of them.
When I wrote Lakeside Reunion, I wanted a fun name for a coffee shop. So I played around with names, coffee puns and Cuppa Josie’s was created. I introduced Josie as the owner of Cuppa Josie’s and Max’s daughter who was a single mother.
A friend mentioned she liked Josie’s character and I should write her story. I pondered it and had to figure out how Josie had become a single mother? Why wasn’t Hannah’s dad in the picture? I decided not to have Josie divorced or widowed because let’s face it—single mothers are a reality.
Josie needed a strong enough reason to find Nick after nearly a decade, so it needed to be something life threatening. The mothers I know would do anything it took to keep their kids safe and healthy. I remember walking through my kitchen and coming to a sudden stop as I realized—that’s it…Hannah had leukemia and needed a bone marrow transplant. Josie needed to see if Nick would get tested to see if he was a match.
God provided connections in ways only He could—one of my writing support friends just landed a job with the National Marrow Donor Program in Minnesota. Through Vacation Bible School at our church, I met a local pastor’s wife who had just returned home after donating bone marrow for an unknown patient dying from leukemia. Total God moments.
I interviewed Amy and Kym, did more of my own research and the premise of Lakeside Family was created—He was the one man she never wanted to see again but the only one who could save her daughter’s life.
Nick had his own challenges to face. He vowed never to abandon his family the way his father did. When tragedy struck his family, Nick shouldered a lot of guilt and felt like nobody’s hero. Then he learned he had a daughter. He stepped up and promised to always be there for his daughter.
Josie struggled to include Nick into their lives—she wanted what was best for her daughter, but her own fears of abandonment built a wall around her heart. She needed to forgive and trust in order for them to be a family.
After choosing this illness for Hannah, Josie’s daughter, my heart ached for those dying of leukemia or other blood-borne diseases. I registered with Be The Match to become a bone marrow donor. I wanted to do my part in being someone’s hope for a new lease on life. I don’t know if I’ll ever be called, but I wanted to be ready in case I was.
Your Turn: What about you? Have you considered being a bone marrow donor? Registration is free. Imagine the joy and hope you could give another person simply by saying yes. For more information, visit Be The Match.
Giveaway: Lisa is celebrating the release of Lakeside Family with a month-long party of giveaways, including Coffee Lovers and Tea Lovers baskets. For more details and to enter the gift basket giveaways, leave a comment here.
This past week I read a special Love Inspired novel, one I hope will both help transform lives and save them. I love stories that give me insight into the struggles that people around me are facing and how I might encourage or help them.
I’ve invited Lisa Jordan to stop by on Wednesday to share with us the inspiration and research that went into creating her characters.
Now… on to our discussion.
The one man she never wanted to see again is the only one who can save her daughter’s life.
In the space of a minute, Nick Brennan learns he has a nine-year-old daughter— and that she desperately needs his help. All this time, his high school sweetheart, single mother Josie Peretti, thought he knew about their child. And that he just didn’t care about the ill little girl—or Josie, the woman he’s never forgotten. But Nick made a long-ago promise never to forsake his family the way his father did. A promise he vows to make good on now… if only Josie will bless him with a second chance.
Josie’s daughter has leukemia and needs a bone marrow transplant. Nick is no stranger to tragedy, either. His brother suffers from a brain injury–a condition Nick blames himself for.
When you feel your circumstances overshadowing your hope, how do you respond? What strengthens your faith? What are some practical ways we can help those who are caught in such deep waters?
P.S. Are you facing difficult circumstances or know someone who is? I also highly recommend the non-fiction book Finding Glory in the Thorns and the ministry of Walk Right In.
They recently started a Facebook page where people can share their Glory Stories–how you are seeing God’s presence and power in your life. These stories serve to encourage and reassure all of us that God is working among us. They are inspirational. Most of all, Glory Stories bring our attentions and affections on HIM.
This week…I’m the featured author at American Christian Fiction Writers.
I had fun with one of the questions on the interview–and would like to hear your answers?
Your Turn: What’s one piece of trivia that most people people don’t know about you?
I first met author Missy Tippens at a conference a few years ago and she’s as sweet as her book. In addition to being a wonderful writer, she’s the mother of three, wife to her pastor husband and an adjunct instructor at a local technological college in Georgia.
I’ve invited Missy here today to share an interview with Hannah Hughes, the heroine of A House Full of Hope.
1. What’s the most important thing in your life?
Without a doubt, the thing most important to me is my four beautiful children. They’re my pride and joy!
2. What do you like to do with your children?
I love to play hide-and-go-seek with the kids. And to read to them. I don’t have much time for free time, but if I did, I’d love to take them for a day at the beach.
3. What are you afraid of most in life?
I fear not being able to provide well for my children. Since I’m a widow, it’s tough to provide for them in the way I’d like. I want them to have a nice home with lots of room. I’m working toward owning a home to help give them a place to feel secure.
5. Beside your kids, what is the most important thing to you, personally?
6. Do you read books? If so, what is your favorite type of book?
Who has time to read?! 🙂 Right now, my favorites are the books I read to my children.
7. If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be?
I’d worry less and trust God more.
8. Do you have a pet?
We have a pet on our rental property that the kids have pretty much adopted. A black Labrador retriever named Blue. He’s into everything and about drives me crazy! But I’m growing more and more attached to him.
9. What’s your favorite childhood memory?
I’d have to go way back to elementary school–before my parents started having trouble and my sister got involved in the wrong crowd. I have good memories of laughing a lot with my dad (teasing my mom about being so uptight). And great memories of family vacations at the beach.
Wow, I can so identify with Hannah, right down to the dog that drives me crazy. LOL. Is it any wonder I enjoyed the book so much? One of the things that drew me to Christian fiction in the first place and inspirational romance in particular was seeing the characters face similar circumstances to what I was facing or circumstances I feared (losing a spouse) and overcoming. They inspire and give hope.
Your Turn: How has a book inspired or given you hope in your circumstances or fears?
Btw, A House Full of Hope is now in stores or you can order it directly from Harlequin. Use this link and coupon code SAVE10AFFO to receive an extra 10% discount off its already discounted prices before 3/31/12.
I’m also giving away a copy on Friday to one of my commenters from Monday’s or today’s post. Be sure to check back on Friday.
Before becoming a Christian, Mark Ryker ran with a bad crowd and broke hearts. Including his father’s. Now a successful businessman, Mark has come home to Corinthia, Georgia, to make amends. But no one will forgive him. So when the widowed mother of four renting his dad’s run-down house needs help fixing up the place, Mark gets to work. Pretty Hannah Hughes and her sweet kids have him longing to be part of the clan, but Hannah isn’t ready to let go of the past. Still, they are working together on a house full of hope—and that’s all Mark needs.
First off, I want to let readers know that writers don’t usually get to write their own back cover blurbs. Moreover, the person who writes them has usually only read an early synopsis of the story and perhaps the first two or three chapters. I mention this, because although I’ve included the blurb above, I think it failed to nail the vast scope of the conflict, not to mention the first line gives away the ending! Of course, we always know the hero will get his HEA, but the hurdles in Mark’s path seem utterly insurmountable.
First of all, he’s returned to seek forgiveness for causing his brother’s death and then walking out on the family, cutting off contact so that they couldn’t even find him when his mother died. His father is not about to forgive him.
Mark starts fixing up the house, because he wants to stick around long enough to make sure his financially-struggling dad is okay, and because he wants his dad back in their family home, not renting it out to the heroine and her four kids while his dad lives above the garage.
If that weren’t enough to worry the widowed heroine, as a youth, Mark destroyed her sister’s life and as a consequence their family’s, and while the heroine may come to realize he isn’t a monster, her mother will never forgive him. As a single mom, the heroine relies on her mother to help with childcare and can’t afford to alienate her. Moreover, Mark’s home and business is three thousand miles away–not exactly condusive to an ongoing relationship.
Your Turn: Mark wanted to achieve success before coming home so he’d earn respect. What pitfalls do you see in striving for material success, or in striving for affirmation in other ways? Have you ever fallen into that trap?
Giveaway: I’ll mail a copy of Missy’s book to a randomly selected commenter from today and Wednesday’s blog. You DO NOT have to leave your email address. I will announce the winner Friday along with a real-life romance story that you won’t want to miss!
I know, I know, I usually don’t post on Thursdays, but…it’s just too exciting to wait.
if you want to stock up on other titles, use SAVE5DOLLARS to save $5 when you spend $15 on Ebooks.
Jackie Smith wins a signed copy of Deep Cover for guessing the most right first.
For those of you who read Love Inspired books, I thought it’d be fun to share some photos of LI authors.
How many you can name?
Skip the guys, ’cause we’re all gals.
I admit I’ll have to bring in a couple of LI experts to help me out with judging because there are a few authors I’m not sure I know either!
So double points to anyone who gets those right. | 2019-04-24T19:52:23Z | http://sandraorchard.com/category/love-inspired-authors/ |
Easter is coming up next month, and Yoshi is out to celebrate the holiday early with his latest platforming romp Yoshi's New Island. This Nintendo 3DS game is one Nintendo hopes will tide 3DS platforming fans over until Kirby Triple Deluxe comes out on May 2. Here is our review.
Yoshi has sort of been like the black sheep-- er, dinosaur-- of Nintendo's 2D platformer line. He started out in his solo career with the marvelous Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island on the Super Nintendo. Since then, he's dabbled in Yoshi's Story, a passable platformer for the Nintendo 64, he's been a part of a failed tilting experiment in Yoshi's Topsy Turvy for the Game Boy Advance, and he's tried to regain his SNES fame with Yoshi's Island DS. All of these titles hold no candle to Yoshi's first solo outing. Arzest is attempting to try again, this time with a game that more closely follows the foundation that the original Yoshi's Island laid, like Yoshi would an egg. The end result is Yoshi's New Island for the Nintendo 3DS. It all sounds eggs-citing, but does Yoshi's New Island live up to its SNES pred-egg-scessor?
In a move that totally retcons the original Yoshi's Island, it seems that the house that the stork dropped Baby Mario and Baby Luigi off at was the wrong one. In a frantic attempt to salvage this disaster, the stork swiftly flies into the sky, furiously searching for the right home. However, Kamek comes into the picture, has a tussle with the stork, and escapes with Baby Luigi in his clutches. Meanwhile, Baby Mario falls into a circle of Yoshis who decide to help the soon-to-be hero search and find his once again missing brother.
Baby Mario drops in on a Yoshi gathering.
The "new" in Yoshi's New Island really doesn't refer to changes in the gameplay or structure of the game. It's more to do with the new locale the game presents players. I mean, you're still one of eight differently colored Yoshis, you're still jumping, flutter-jumping to score extra distance, lashing out Yoshi's tongue to eat and create eggs, tossing said eggs at set angles determined by well executed timing, and running through six worlds of eight levels each.
Eggs can also nab collectibles.
The only really new elements that Yoshi's New Island brings to the table are two different eggs types. The Eggdozer is a gigantic egg that can crash through usually indestructible objects and walls, while the Metal Eggdozers allow Yoshi to sink down into watery depths, where normal Yoshis only dream about going. (They can only float on the surface of the water usually.) This opens up some neat puzzles and gives Yoshi a unique feel. However, these two new egg offerings seem too safe of additions to the series, and they come across more like something to add bullet points to the game.
If your only goal in Yoshi's New Island is to rush through the levels and reach the ending of the game, you'll burn through this 3DS installment within 3-4 hours. That is, you'll pretty much find the game over-easy (*cough*). You'll also be missing the important factor that makes Yoshi's New Island and the Yoshi's Island series in general challenging. Each level has three collectibles to nab: twenty red coins, five red flowers, and thirty stars.
This Yoshi has an eggs-quisite arsenal.
The stars are the most necessary to collect. Each time Yoshi is damaged, Baby Mario gets separated from him, slowly rising and falling inside a bubble. A counter slowly ticks down, each representing a star you have collected in the level, up to thirty. If the countdown reaches zero, Baby Mario is grabbed by Kamek's henchmen and you lose a life.
What challenge there is in Yoshi's New Island comes from getting 100% completion on each and every level. This means getting all of the red coins, flowers, and stars. The latter essentially requires you to remain untouched in the whole level. No damage and no deaths, as unlike past Yoshi's Island games, when you restart from a checkpoint you do not have the same tally of stars you died with. Instead, you get dropped down to the standard ten stars.
Yoshi's looking to replace this foe's filling.
Also unlike past Yoshi's Island games, you get a bit of a reprieve with going for 100% complete in each level. In Super Mario World 2 and Yoshi's Island DS, you had to acquire all of the three collectibles in one run. In Yoshi's New Island, you can collect all of one collectible, and then try the stage again, this time aiming to get all of another type of collectible. While this makes the game sound easy-peasy, it's a welcome feature, especially for the unlockable bonus stages, earned by getting 100% completion in all of a given world's levels. These bonus stages have nothing in the way of checkpoints, and they are some of the most difficult levels seen in a Yoshi-related game.
"Poochy Ain't Stupid", but 4-S disagrees.
The new rules of how 100% completion works also helps because there are multiple areas to each level, many of which you are unable to return to once you pass through them. This makes it so if you accidentally or unbeknownst to you forgot to collect a red coin but have all five flowers and all thirty stars, you need not collect the flowers and stars again. Instead, you can just focus on collecting the red coins. With my save file I managed to finally get 100% completion on every level in the game in about twenty hours give or take an hour. Unfortunately, there's no reward for doing so other than personal satisfaction (and to rub it to other players on Miiverse).
not to touch those scalding Chomps.
Like Super Mario World 2, Yoshi's New Island consists of six worlds, each with nine levels apiece-- one of which is unlockable. The level design itself walks a fine line between interesting and pedestrian, sometimes offering clever platform and enemy placement, as well as smart level gimmicks.
One of my biggest issues with the level design, however, is in the way an alarming amount of secrets are hidden. They are oftentimes placed in invisible clouds that only appear if Yoshi or an egg passes through them. When these clouds are burst open by an egg, they can reveal a series of coins, some of which are of the red variety, that a player could easily miss out on. There's also certain platform combinations that secret goodies hide in as well. Leaping from one platform to another reveals a reward. While it doesn't seem random at all, it makes exploring the levels a little arduous and exhausting sometimes as you scour every nook and cranny for invisible bounties.
Yoshi's New Island also contains vehicle segments. However, these are self-contained areas that must be entered through a special door in the levels they appear in. Yoshi can transform into a mine cart, a bobsleigh, a jackhammer, a helicopter, a submarine, and a hot air balloon. Unfortunately, the developers decided to use the gyro sensor of the Nintendo 3DS hardware to shoehorn in very much unneeded tilt controls for all of these transformations. Most work okay, but transformations like the submarine and helicopter are a bit unwieldy. These required me to tilt the 3DS at crazy angles, and I'd still have problems. That said, even if you fail to reach the exit of each vehicle section (you're timed), you get put back at the door that is the entrance to the vehicle segment. You can simply try and try again until you complete it.
transformations Yoshi can shift to.
Each fourth and eighth level of each world features a boss battle at its conclusion. For the fourth level, Kamek is always Yoshi's opponent, using different means to damage him and Kamek using different means to take out Yoshi. The eighth level bosses have more character, using Kamek's tried and true method of enlarging an ordinary enemy to gigantic proportions. Some of these battles are better than others, and some are just boring and bland.
boss won't drive Yoshi batty.
What certainly isn't boring and bland are the visuals. Screens and videos on YouTube really don't do Yoshi's New Island's look any justice. You truly have to see the game on the 3DS or 3DS XL's screen to fully appreciate it. The most incredible part of the art design is the beautiful animated backgrounds. It feels like you're playing inside a children's picture book. The depth portrayed by the stereoscopic 3D effect makes the game pop out look marvelous. Unfortunately, the sound design doesn't come out as well. I hope you like the main theme of Yoshi's New Island, because you're going to hear about 40 remixes of it. Maybe I'm exaggerating a bit, but that's what it felt like. There's a jazz version, there's a jungle version, there's an electronic version, and there's even a kazoo version that the sound team must have been drunk when they said such a version was acceptable. It's sensationally grating to the ears.
but keep your wits about you!
It's hard to say that it's bad that Yoshi's New Island doesn't do much that could realistic be called new, because we've only had three games like this since 1995. The formula really hasn't yet overstayed its welcome yet. I'm perfectly okay with this 3DS entry staying relatively true to the Super Nintendo original because of this. However, I'd love to see Nintendo take over the reins of this franchise, as its homegrown developers could give Yoshi an unforgettable Yoshi's Island game that the current developer Arzest cannot. Still, if you're looking for a tried, true, and safe addition to the Yoshi's Island name, Yoshi's New Island might not be eggs-traordinary, but it is rather eggs-cellent.
...I'm very sorry for the forced eggs puns.
The Game Boy Advance released thirteen years ago today in Japan. Conveniently enough, Nintendo plans on launching the Virtual Console service for Game Boy Advance games on the Wii U next month. What better opportunity than to discuss some of the games that strike our fancy-- ones we're just dying to (re)play. Once you've seen our choices, feel free to list which GBA games you're most looking forward to seeing put on the Virtual Console.
We begin our list of Game Boy Advance Virtual Console desires with one of Nintendo's most popular franchises, The Legend of Zelda. While the GBA received two Zelda titles, The Minish Cap (the second release) was the only wholly original entry, as the other was a port of the Super Nintendo's A Link to the Past. Offering the ability to shrink down to Minish size to get a glimpse of the world through that race's eyes and teensy perspective. The Minish Cap brought with it a wide variety of areas to explore, clever and crafty dungeons to take on, Kinstones to fuse, and a cast of characters that were both charming and memorable. 3DS Ambassadors already have this game at their fingertips, but it'd be nice for others to get their mitts on this title. Seeing as a loose cartridge version of the game goes for a fairly high price, the more people can play The Minish Cap, the better.
Confirmed for the Japanese GBA Virtual Console launch, Golden Sun is one of our favorite RPGs of all time. Its ability to seamlessly intertwine dungeon exploration with puzzles that need to be solved using magic (or as the game refers to it as Psynergy) made it a blast to journey through Weyard. Finding and collecting Djinn, magical creatures that boosted stats for characters and were used for summoning in battle, was a great pleasure. The combat system required strategy, even on easy fights. If an enemy was defeated and another party member was going to attack it, that member forfeits their turn. Golden Sun remains the best of the series, and we can only hope the game makes it to the North American GBA VC launch.
Not only were these two titles the introduction of the franchise to many gamers, aside from those who already met Roy and Marth in Super Smash Bros. Melee, but Fire Emblem and its sequel are both expensive titles to get one's hands on. The ease of allowing people to enjoy them in a legal manner makes total sense to us. Plus, it'd get even more folks into this phenomenal strategy RPG franchise.
A remake of the now antiquated original Metroid, the Game Boy Advance's Metroid: Zero Mission is our favorite of the two Game Boy Advance Metroid games. Not only did the remake offer more distinguishable areas to explore, more items to upgrade to, a super-helpful map that was sorely missing in the NES original, updated music, and an entirely new endgame section featuring Samus without her armor. There's a lot of classics in the Game Boy Advance's library, and Metroid: Zero Mission is one that stands near the top of the heap.
What better way to gear up for the Nintendo 3DS' Mario Golf: World Tour releasing in May than with the Game Boy Advance entry of the series? Bringing with it highly detailed golf courses, a charming cast of characters, and the return of the RPG-like Career mode all created a fantastical golfing experience that we're sure many would love to return to or experience for the first time.
There are few games on the Game Boy Advance that we can say that we've poured the most hours into. As a sum, the six Mega Man Battle Network entries (not counting titles with two versions) gave us over 300 hours of play time total. Journeying around the world as Lan, Mega Man.EXE's operator, and then jacking into the net to bust viruses large and small in cyberspace, and see Robot Masters from the classic Mega Man series represented with new designs to challenge Mega Man all made for a fun time. The chip-based combat relied heavily on improvisation and working with what you have. The enjoyment of deleting a series of enemies in record time and being given a rare chip for your efforts made combat rewarding. If anything, we'd love to see the original Mega Man Battle Network launched on the Virtual Console, as that game is worth a fair amount of change even in cartridge-only form.
"Sonic hasn't been good since the Genesis." How many times have you seen this argument? Sure, one can ignore Sonic Colors, Generations, and the handheld line of games to fit their argument, but it just makes them look silly. The Sonic Advance trilogy showed impressive design, especially for Dimps, who nowadays isn't exactly known for high quality games. The addition of four playable characters, each with their own special abilities, made the longevity of the games longer without feeling like much in the way of padding. It still feels odd to our 8-year-old selves that Sonic the Hedgehog is on a Nintendo system, and not every game has been great, but the Sonic Advance series is one that truly is.
While Final Fantasy III was released on the original Wii Virtual Console service, its Game Boy Advance counterpart offered much more content, bonuses, and changes/improvements. Such changes and improvements included an all-new translation that followed more closely to the Japanese original, several bugs have been fixed from the SNES original, a duo of new locations were added, plus a bestiary and music player were present. It makes much more sense to release the fully featured version of Final Fantasy VI than simply the SNES original. Of course, Nintendo really doesn't do things that make sense all the time.
Here's a pick of a game that maybe some of you have never heard of. It's Hudson's Ninja Five-O. It was a title that was very similar to something like SEGA's Shinobi series. The challenge was rather steep, but the difficulty was always fair. Ninja Five-O received great reviews, but it had very much lukewarm sales. It would be lovely to see Ninja Five-O get the attention it deserves, and Nintendo's Virtual Console service is just the platform to do that.
F1 Race Stars is a game that excited me when I saw the first screens and gameplay footage of it. I said to myself, "Phil, this game is obviously for you. It's cute, it's charming, the track design looks great, and it reminds you heavily of Mario Kart." I finally was able to try out the game on the Wii U with F1 Race Stars: Powered Up Edition. Disappointment would be an understatement towards my feelings of this game. Here's my review.
F1 Race Stars originally released on the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and PC in retail form way back at the end of 2012. Fast forward to the present and the game has found its way to the Wii U, albeit in simply a digital format. "Powered Up Edition" might be the Wii U version's subtitle, but there is nothing at all powered up about this version. In fact, it's more like "Powered Down", as online multiplayer has been completely taken away. That's not the worst of F1 Race Stars: Powered Up Edition's problems, however. Like being at the top of a hill, things simply go downhill from here.
Right away when you start F1 Race Stars you will be welcomed by an insanely cute exterior. Real F1 race car drivers appear in cartoon form, and at the start of each race they pop their heads out of their karts like jack-in-the-boxes, point their fingers at one another in succession, wink at each other, and put their racing helmets on in a variety of wacky ways.
The track design is pretty nice, each of the fifteen being based off of a particular country. Of course, stereotypes and generalizations are used liberally to associate obstacles and environments with their given country, but each track has its own distinct flair that distinguishes it from others. China has you driving atop its Great Wall, Italy has you racing through Coliseum-like ruins, and Germany has you speeding through the twists and turns of a castle.
and many are even fun to race on.
F1 Race Stars uses the Formula One license is some neat ways. For instance, like Formula One vehicles, there is no drifting to be found. Instead, you must carefully and skillfully take corners, applying the brake when necessary. It's finding the most adequate racing line that will prove advantageous in races. There's also slipstreaming, a popular element of racing.
The KERS function is used on certain turns where there is a blue and white striped pattern on the track. In these sections, all you need to do is stay in the zone, and alternate between pressing and releasing the accelerator to build up energy in your engine. Once you've exited the KERS area, you receive a boost of some form depending on how many times you pressed and released the accelerator (up to three times max). This is pretty useless, however, as the CPU seldom ever doesn't get the maximum amount of boost. KERS is a nice idea in concept, but it's nowhere near as satisfying as screeching around a corner at full speed.
Speeding through the Italian countryside.
Of course, a cartoony kart racer wouldn't be much fun without items to throw a wrench in a racer's plans to win. F1 Race Stars comes with a wide variety of items, but the majority of these simply are generic forms of what can be found in the Mario Kart series. For instance, the red item serves as a homing missile much like Mario Kart's red shell. Yellow items shoot forward or backward, bouncing off walls until it disappears or hits a player. Blue items create bubbles that rest on the track, temporarily putting anyone who touches them inside a bubble. There are some interesting ideas with the item. Okay, well one. The safety car item unleashes a car that stays in front of the first place racer, keeping their maximum speed lower than normal.
the screen can really mess you over.
Each time you are hit by an item, your race car becomes damaged. Each hit makes you car slower and slower. Thankfully, playing to the idea of the game being set in a colorful and whimsical version of the F1 series, there are usually two pit stops to ride through to instantly fix up your vehicle. Usually these pit stops make the player go out of the way a little bit, and since the tracks are so long, it can be quite a while until you are able to reach these sight for sore eyes spots.
These signs indicate an upcoming pit stop.
Tracks feature plenty of shortcuts to be found. However, the ones that pretty much break the game are the ones requiring a key to unlock a door somewhere on the track. The key is always in a place that is off the beaten path, but the subsequent locked door opens up and reveals a massive shortcut. This would be fine if it weren't for the key easily being picked up by the computer before you even get a chance to be close to it. The CPU will seemingly always get the key and always take the shortcut, easily separating itself from the rest of the pack. Then it's a game of catch-up for the rest of the race, and you'll be lucky if you ever see that computer racer again.
However, what damns F1 Race Stars the most-- any version of the game, mind you, and not just the Wii U port-- is the game's immensely frustrating and severely uneven difficulty. For a game that obviously is meant to appeal to children with its bright colors and cartoon visuals, F1 Race Stars uses its pleasant and welcoming visuals to mask its intense hatred for the player.
What do I mean by this? Well, for one, it really feels like you have little control over whether you cross the finish line in first place or not. You can race with the exact same skill and ability in one race and end up first, while another the same parameters of skill are in place and you get sixth. It truly feels random whether you're going to win or not, and I don't mean in a Mario Kart item way either. Don't be surprised when you're in first place and suddenly two CPU drivers pass you, yet you don't even see them do so. Throw in the "joy" of constantly being bombarded with the mostly stale items F1 Race Stars possesses, and you have an incredibly aggravating kart experience. Playing with friends and family locally (the Wii U version has no online for some stupid reason) sort of alleviates some of the burden, but F1 Race Stars is still a frustrating game all the same.
Up to four players can participate in the Career mode, which offers over 20 combinations of tracks to be raced one after the other, usually in groups of two to four. Since as stated there's only 15 tracks, there's a lot of repetition here, even when the developers throw in unique challenges like trying to keep your fuel gauge elevated by driving through gas tanks. It all adds up to a mode that feels like padding to make the game feel more complete than it actually is.
I really wanted to like F1 Race Stars: Powered Up Edition, but the game ultimately did its best to tick me off and annoy me at every step of the way. When you don't feel like you have any control at all in the fate of winning or losing, you're probably playing a poor kart racer. The AI is cheap, the items are generic as all get out, and several design decisions leave me completely puzzled. F1 Race Stars: Powered Up Edition isn't worth the $30 asking price on the eShop. I would go so far as to say it's not worth it at half price either, unless you have masochistic tendencies, then go at it. If F1 Race Stars: Powered Up Edition was participating in a race, the entire field would lap it. If you absolutely can't wait until Mario Kart 8 to release at the end of May, do yourself a favor and play Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed, and if you've already done that, do it again. It'd be a much better choice than this game.
We all have them, boss battles that stay with us long after we've bested them and saved the day. Some argue that boss fights are antiquated, but we find them that when they are done right they can turn a good game into a great one. These are such encounters that have remained in our collective memory ever since we've defeated them. They can be challenging, they can be innovative, or they can just be plain old fun. Join us as we list the five new entries in our continuing Best Boss Battles in Gaming History series of features. After we're done, we'd love to hear your thoughts and recommendations.
Next month, NES Remix 2 will be releasing on the Wii U eShop. With that in mind, why don't we take a look at the original compilation of Nintendo Entertainment System classics with NES Remix? Here's our review.
When you are a games manufacturer that has been around as much as Nintendo, you're bound to have your share of critics. Nintendo is often chastised for relying on nostalgia to sell many of its games. While the Wii U eShop offering NES Remix does little to argue against that, it's a worthy addition to anyone's digital library, and a perfect download for retro gaming enthusiasts.
With NES Remix, Nintendo has provided sixteen NES classics such as Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, Donkey Kong, Balloon Fight, Tennis, and Clu Clu Land, for instance. You start off with a select amount of games available to you (six to be exact), and as you progress you unlock new titles. However, these aren't full versions of these NES games.
this is the good kind of poison.
Instead, the developer Indiezero (past works include Retro Game Challenge and Theatrhythm Final Fantasy) and Nintendo have created WarioWare style mini-games that put you in various scenarios based off each game. These scenarios implement some gameplay mechanic within the games for a brief mini-game of sorts.
For instance, in Super Mario Bros. one objective is to hit the block containing a beanstalk, another is to collect a specific amount of coins, or cut the drawbridge to eliminate Bowser. Each challenge puts one of your retro gaming skills through the wringer and then some. Of course, not all of the challenges are winners. There are some duds here and there.
No one ever said you had to ride a fair race.
These quick burst levels last anywhere between 5-60 seconds. Some of which contain multiple parts to them. A fun element of NES Remix is that each mini-game is timed. The better you do, the more stars you earn, the grading system of NES Remix. You can earn up to three stars, and if you're really good you can get a rainbow outline surrounding each star. Stars are the metric by which other NES classics are unlocked. It takes being fast, efficient, careful, and skillful to acquire the greatest of ratings. Times can be shared with friends, so there's an asynchronous level of competition to be had.
Each challenge bestows you with three lives to complete it. Losing all three lives with allow you to retry the challenge at the part of it you failed (pending it has more than one part), but you won't be able to receive the coveted three star rating.
By far the most impressive piece to NES Remix are the remix levels. These levels offer a fresh perspective to the various NES games featured in this collection. One remixed level has you on an Excitebike track, being required to drive in a pitch black arena. Your only source of light comes from your bike's headlights. Then there's a level where you're playing as Luigi who is forced to continually run. Your only option is to hit the jump button at appropriate times to avoid pits, enemies, and other hazards. Remix levels get even more interesting and off-the-wall when you reach the ultimate challenge, the Bonus remix stages. Such challenges from these levels include attempting to score 15,000 points with a disappearing ball in Pinball, doing tasks within the second quest's Hyrule in The Legend of Zelda, and popping every balloon while in slow motion in Balloon Fight.
splash they make in a pool of lava!
In addition to stars, there is another thing to collect from these mini-games. Each time a level is completed, you receive an amount of bits. The first time always yields the most bits. As the gauge goes up through gaining bits, you earn new Miiverse stamps based on 8-bit art from the various NES games each time the gauge fills up to its maximum level. There's already been some very clever Miiverse posts done by various players using these stamps.
Become a virtual philatelist with NES Remix.
You need to have an appreciation for the NES era and retro games in general to fully enjoy NES Remix. Even then, however, some of the games featured in this title just aren't really that much fun and possibly were never fun to begin with. It's great that the games play the same as they did way back when, but dealing with frustrations in Golf and Ice Climber because of how antiquated the controls and/or gameplay are brings NES Remix down in quality a little.
Some games have aged better than others.
If you're worried about how much gaming you can find within the bite-size challenges NES Remix offers, don't be. In order to complete every challenge, unlock every game, and earn every reward there is, NES Remix can take upwards of 20 hours to finish. That's obviously only if you're able to deal with how retro these games truly feel. While there is a lack of traditional multiplayer, it is quite entertaining to pass the controller around between friends, giving each player a turn to beat a given level of NES Remix.
NES Remix may play more to those who are nostalgic for or simply enjoy classic NES gaming, but it's certainly not limited to that demographic. NES Remix slowly introduces gameplay concepts of each of its sixteen titles, meaning Nintendo could essentially be giving a whole new generation an appreciation of these historic titles (okay, Ice Climber is hardly historic). The arcade-like challenges, the time-based scoring, and the unique twists presented by the remixed stages mean that players will be investing some serious time if they wish to do so. While not all games and challenges are as successful as the last, NES Remix delivers a healthy heaping of retro gaming goodness. | 2019-04-25T10:12:09Z | https://www.superphillipcentral.com/2014_03_16_archive.html |
We figured we’d just do a potted herb garden this year, with only a few “edible essentials” for our kitchen. Which is why we picked up a foursome of local and organically grown herbs (parsley, oregano, basil, and mint) at the farmer’s market this weekend for $12. Speaking of which, you can read more about our trip to the market as part of their “Big Day Out” this Saturday.
But back to the tub. It was about $8 at Lowe’s (way cheaper than any planter of that size) and to turn it into our herb pot, we figured it could use some holes for drainage in the bottom. They were a cinch to make with my little cordless drill.
To make them a bit bigger, I also wiggled a big nail around in them too. Oh yeah, and I made the holes in a heart shape. Maybe I was feeling romantic? Maybe I was subliminally professing my love for galvanized tubs? Or it was an ode to the L in YHL? Either way, this photo is about the most any of us will ever see of it.
Update: A few savvy commenters recommended that we test for lead just to be sure it wouldn’t leech into our food if it was randomly present in the metal. We just used one of those $4 Lead Test Sticks from Home Depoton to test the seams, the inside, the outside, the bottom, and even the holes that we drill and it was negative. Whew. So that’s definitely something to test for if you’re not sure how pure your galvanized tin is (and you’re using it for edible herbs)!
Also for drainage, we put a layer of gravel on the bottom (they were leftovers from the patio project). Hopefully they’ll keep the majority of the soil from dripping out of my hidden hole-y heart.
Before adding any dirt, we did a quick “dry run” of the herb placement. The taller guys (basil and parsley) went in the back, and oregano got some special space on the side – since my oregano tends to get bushy. Yeah… not so sure I like the sound of that last sentence.
Of course, if things do well (i.e. grow big and strong) this tin could soon get a bit cramped. But hopefully we’ll achieve “full” and not go as far as “so full it’s bad.” But if so, we can always transplant things into their own larger dedicated pots. You know if anything gets all diva on us. And we’re keeping the mint from spreading like crazy by separating it in a buried pot (a tip we learned a while back at the farmer’s market from a friendly local gardener).
You can see dirt in the bottom of the pic above. That’s some organic potting mix that we snagged at Lowe’s. It was about twice as much as the regular stuff ($10 vs $6, I think) but we figured since we’ll be consuming these plants it was worth going the slightly more natural route (since they were organically grown up to this point).
We usually would use our nutrient rich compost pile, but since moving our DIY compost bins got a little jumbled while we got settled so we don’t appear to have enough “ready” soil to use just yet (aka: things are still breaking down).
Since the patio (which also got a bit soil-ed, as you can see) isn’t very sunny, we decided to put the pot on our balcony-to-nowhere (right off of our living room and kitchen). Despite being between two sections of house, it gets a remarkable amount of light – almost the closest thing to full sun that we have on our mostly shaded property. Plus it’s pretty darn convenient to the kitchen.
The beauty of having our herb “garden” potted this year is that we can move it around to test other sun spots if we find that this one isn’t doing the trick (since we’re still trying to wrap our heads around sun patterns here). Heck, it might even help us decide where to put a more permanent garden next year (gotta find that sweet spot). And if we decide to keep this potted version around, it’ll still look good on the larger deck that we plan to build out here eventually. Maybe even as an oversized centerpiece on an outdoor table?
And since no herb garden story is complete with an artsy close-up of your plant labels – here we go!
If you’re wondering, Colonel Oregano is not some weird variety of oregano. It’s just me being weird. I decided it’d be funny to take our simple popsicle stick labels and give them the Clue-character treatment. You know like Miss Scarlet and Colonel Mustard? Here’s my whole cast of made up herbs / suspect names. Yes, I’m what Sherry’s dad likes to call “a strange bird” (he’s also the man trying to single-handedly bring back the term “sick puppy”).
Next year if we decide to grow peppers it will be tough deciding whether to give it the “Sergeant” or “Doctor” title. Though the idea of a Dr. Pepper plant sounds pretty awesome, so maybe I’ve already made my decision.
What are you guys growing this year? Anything sprouting up particularly well or deliciously? Anything not showing as much promise as you’d like? Anything murdering someone in the conservatory with the lead pipe?
Psst- Don’t forget to check out the rest of our Farmer’s Market adventures on BabyCenter.
So, Miss Mint is a bit of a tart, and likes to spread herself around. Insidious is the word, I believe. Make sure to pinch off any of flowers she may grow. You do not wish her seed to blow off into your lawn, or you may never get rid of her!!!Very smart to keep her in a pot, but sequestering her to solitary may be even better.
Haha- hilarious and informative. Love it.
I vote for solitary confinement for Miss Mint. I don’t know what type Miss Mint is, but the mint that I have would fill a tub that size in just one summer all by itself, sending runners over the top of the little pot and through any holes in the bottom. In fact, I started with a 2″ pot last spring, put it in a HUGE pot much bigger than your tub, and the pot was entirely filled and root bound by fall. I’ve been giving away mint to any takers, along with a stern warning not to plant it in the ground.
I made the mistake of planting mint in the ground a few years ago and it completely took over my garden. Smelled lovely, but took some mighty digging to correct. Lesson learned.
Love it! Yes, mint is an awful weed! I put it in a decorative pot, about 5 feet from another pot on the porch that had rosemary. That hussy Miss Mint spread her legs soooo far across the concrete porch that she rooted herself in the rosemary pot 5 feet away.
We had the same problem with our oregano – actually, our oregano killed our mint and then summarily cracked and broke apart the clay pot we put it in. It was pretty e-vil.
evil herbs…..i like it! these comments had me laughing out loud!
We didn’t garden this year since we just bought our house. Last year we had a garden plot here at my work (you can get a free 10×10 plot every year – awesome perk!), but we knew we wouldn’t have time this year. Next year we’re looking forward to creating a little garden in our backyard.
I keep meaning to buy a tomato plant or two for our deck, but I keep forgetting! I’m afraid now it might be too late, but I might still go pick one up and try to squeeze a few tomatos out of it.
When we move into our new apartment, we’re going to start an herb garden. Our landlord even has a garden out back with things like figs & tomatoes growing! I’m so excited for it because we don’t have that space now!
Hooray for herbs! I’m THE WORST with plants but managed to keep a few going strong in , too.
I love the curtains in the picture of the balcony to nowhere, BTW.
Good idea on the Mint. I had no idea she came back every year…..and spreads like crazy. I thought I had her all dug up ~ but nope, she’s baaaack!!! HA!
They’re at Lowe’s too I think!
You can definitely find them at anyplace that sells plants!!
if you lightly tap the bottom of the hydrangea with a hammer and split the bottom of the stem after you cut it and then make sure the stem is kinda short then they last longer..also cool dry place.
Oddly enough, I did almost the same exact project on Sunday! My herb garden in a similar galvanized pot has basil, oregano, thyme and rosemary. Also- we have mint in the yard that is taking over, so good choice with quarantining it!
Great way to still get some fresh herbs this time of the season. We may have to try this. All we have is a planter full of mint (fresh Mojitos anyone?).
Don’t forget your fall crops! A second harvest of cold weather veggies, lettuce, peas, broccoli, etc. do great when planted mid summer to harvest in the fall.
Love the idea of a fall garden too!
we did a potted edible garden too this year. Our basil has only been okay but our rosemary rocks! Also we’re going a (Dr.) pepper plant that is growing what looks to be a tomato – so weird!
I actually started a pot garden in my backyard this year! That’s a garden IN pots…not a garden of pot. Hmmm…should think of another way of putting that. Anyway…so far I have tomatoes, a blueberry bush, and some herbs as well! We actually just enjoyed the fruits of our labor last night with some fresh picked tomatoes!! SO sweet and juicy!
FYI: Oregano is part of the mint family – it can spread the same way mint does. If you plant it in a garden it is also best to plant it in a pot. I know. From experience.
Really??? Good to know! Maybe that’s why ours get so bushy every year (they tend to mound in our garden instead of spreading like mint).
Maybe it depends on the variety or only does it after it gets established. Mine mounded the first year, became a larger mound the next year, but then took off the third year. We did find if we kept it trimmed back and didn’t let it flower (after we dug it up and replanted it in a pot) that it was a much more manageable size in our small beds.
Two things. First, genius idea to make a galvanized tub into a planter. I even like the way it looks better than terracotta. What garden couldn’t use a little bling? Secondly, John – you are hilarious! The heart? Clue characters? Strange bird/sick puppy? You guys crack me up!
I will be planting herbs (cilantro, basil, and chives) in my flower boxes…but I am going to try the seed route this year. MORE AFFORDABLE! I will be curious to see how it works out.
we don’t have much of a yard, so we opted for the potted herb garden as well. to decide what we would plant, we took a look at our spice rack and picked out the jars that always seemed to empty the fastest. we started out with just basil and chives.
Hubby loves to make his own home-made pesto; we re-use jars from store-bought pesto/jams to store our home-made stuff. and the extra basil leaves are dried out, chopped up, and put into our spice jar for future use in home-made pasta sauce. we haven’t harvested the chives yet, but they’re definitely looking pretty lush!
If you’re really loving pesto and have a plethora of basil…I made batches of pesto last year and froze it in ice cube trays. Then I popped the frozen cubes into a zippered freezer bag. I still have a few cubes after using it all winter.
P.S. I did go light on the olive oil, figuring I could always add more to the defrosted cubes.
Mmm, such a genius idea!
Love herbs, and galvanized tubs too, looking good on that balcony!
I’ve made my own small raised beds from scaffolding boards. They are non-treated and cheap, since scaffolding yards happily sell the boards that are not safe for use anymore.
Unfortunately my combo of laziness+ not-so-green thumb is proving permanent. Dito the planted things too late. Radishes seem to be a safe bet, but I should have known better than to sow calebass. If I don’t even know what it is, chances are I won’t be able to make it grow.
My favourite this year is the chocolate mint though. Can’t stop rubbing it, just to get the scent (There is no way to make that sound anything but dirty.).
I planted the hill with herbs and peppers: mint (spear and pepper), oregano, thyme, sage, lemon grass, tansy, borage, basil, tarragon, parsley, lavender, pomegranates, and rosemary. Up top side, I planted eggplant, raspberries, tomatoes, squash, and some compost volunteers which look like melons or gourds. We get full sun, so it’s the best place to grow veggies.
We grow plants on the deck in clear rubbermaid containers. Once you drill drainage holes, they work for any plant and are so much cheaper than wood patio boxes. Potatoes & kale are the new additions to our garden this year. Both are doing great so far.
Good that you already knew to isolate the mint some.
Oh, and did I mention it is all done on my 200 square feet roof terrace? Urban gardening all the way.
There are some pics here: though the text is in Danish.
Hope you have great success with your little edible garden.
Wow! Those pictures are amazing. What a beautiful space!
This year we made a huge raised bed garden out of cinderblocks. It is 18.5 feet long and 4 ft wide! We planted several types of lettuce, cucumbers, peas, beans, radishes, carrots, zuchinni, squash, tomato, cherry tomato, peppers and more! We also planted herbs from seed. So far the cilantro and basil are doing the best.
Haha I read the label wrong twice, I was like “what is Colonial Oregano?” Makes much more sense now. Hilarious.
I tried to transplant some of my aunt’s Lemon Balm, which apparently helps to keep mosquitoes away, but I think it was a big fat fail.
Living in Phoenix, our planting season is almost over. I ahve managed to get about 500 pounds of tomatoes from three plants. I might be exagerating about that weight…but it is also possible that this is true. This is my first spring planting at this house, and I think that my hosue was once a nucleur reactor site or something…things grew bigger and faster than I have ever seen.
Since Katrina already warned you about the oregano spread I’ll just say that I love galvanized tubs and yours looks really nice filled with the herbs sitting on the balcony to nowhere.
I have yet to name them awesome names though! I love John’s twist on labeling the plants.
Sweet little wee garden! I love it.
Great idea for planting herbs, I may have to do this!! Right now, I’ve got Chinese Eggplant, yellow bell peppers, blue lake green beans, cucumbers, and super sweet watermelon growing. Got some baby tomatoes, one eggplant, a few cucumber flowers, and one watermelon flower. Going on vacation next week, so I’m sure it will go crazy while we are gone, but my sister will be here to hold down the fort, and my mom will come supervise the sprouts while we’re gone. I’m hoping to have some stuff to take with us (going camping with the IL fam) cuz nothing beats produce you are growing yourself!
I absolutely love this!! We have a garden as well, but I loved seeing it in a galvanized tub- what a great affordable alternative to a planter! And the very best part? The names. Clue is my favorite, favorite movie ever- and (just about) everyone I encounter has never seen it. Love it!! I will have to try this out somehow in my home. This put a smile on my face and I know I will smile and laugh about it all day!
That looks so cute……I want one. ;-) I would have to have rosemary though, as it is supposed to stimulate hair growth *on your head*, and mine gets thinner by the year. LOL *just a little FYI there*.
I have to start feeding Clara some rosemary!!!!!
LOL….I’m going to start giving my little one rosemary baths and fill her baby pool with rosemary….no hair! I just want to put her hair in pigtails….and no hair!
Potion for hair growth……put one cup olive oil in a glass bowl with handles. Place the glass bowl on top of a pan of water. Heat the water until the oil is warm. Then take about 6-8 sprigs of Rosemary, strip the leaves *whatever those are called* off the stems. Heat the olive oil and rosemary for a few minutes. Then stain the rosemary off, let it cool. The recipe said to use the entire cup of oil….*OH MY LORD* my hair is VERY SHORT and VERY THIN right now. I will use about a quarter cup and rub into scalp. Leave on scalp for 15 minutes, then wash hair as usual. I haven’t tried this yet, BUT plan to soon. The rosemary is supposed to stimulate hair growth.
Love the idea of using the galvinzed tub. Its much more attractive than my miss-match of random pots.
This year my basil is flourishing as well as my oregano, sage, and marajoram.
Are you guys worried about health risks involved with planting in the galvanized tub? I saw this on Jamie Oliver’s Food Revolution, but when proposing the idea to my boyfriend, he said he’d be leary of planting in the galvanized metal!
Did you guys research this? Have any insight? I love the look and would LOVE to have one of these on my back porch as well!!!
We never thought about it but someone mentioned that we should test it for lead so I’m about to do that right now! We’re definitely not into planting organic herbs with organic soil in a dangerous container- yikes! We’ll report back as soon as I finish the lead test (thank goodness I have those little $4 test sticks on hand).
Update: no lead! Whew. We tested the seams, outside, inside, and even the holes we drilled in the tin and it was completely negative. Thank goodness! Further googling around about planting things in galvanized steel said that it was completely safe (many farms use galvanized tins for tomatoes actually) although they didn’t recommend high heat food prep within a galvanized steel container (especially with acidic liquids) since it could leach at extremely high temps (500 degrees ). So no open flame under a galvanized metal tin of spaghetti sauce! And of course if you have a cheaply made metal trash can it could have trace amounts of lead so doing a lead test just to be sure is always smart (test sticks are around $4 at Home Depot).
I’ve got a cherry tomato plant, and a basil plant. there are some other herbs popping up but not enough to use any of them..the basil and tomatoes are awesome though!
Love the galvanized pot you used for your herbs.
Hi, Your portable garden looks great! If I can make a plug for NOT purchasing vegetable/herb starts at big-box stores . . . Two years ago, nearly every tomato plant in southern New England, from little home garden plots to nearby organic farms, was wiped out by a terrible tomato blight. A summer without tomatoes. Can you imagine it? Regional agriculture organizations believe the fungus began in tomato starts (the baby plants you buy to start your garden) raised in the south for big-box stores and distributed throughout the eastern part of the country. The fungus can’t live in the hot south so it’s not a problem there, but it can live up here in cooler temps and there was even fear that it would overwinter and wipe out the following year’s crop if we didn’t have a good, hard winter to kill it. The summer with no fresh, local, organic tomatoes was truly tragic, especially for family farms that rely on CSAs and farmers markets for the bulk of their sales for the year. We had to pull up and bury all the plants so the spores wouldn’t travel in air. So please consider the importance of local, organic sources for your garden starts. The closer to the farm, the better. It’s a good rule to live by for pretty much everything we eat! Thanks.
Thanks for the tip Sarah! We had fun at the Farmer’s Market (and got to support local organic farms) so we’d definitely recommend that route to anyone interested!
Strange Bird & Sick Puppy had me lol’ing hehe!
Love the tub idea for a garden!
I’ve been trying my hand at gardening this year, so far we have tomatoes, basil, rosemary, broccoli, and strawberries. I’m going to try to plant some green beans tonight…hopefully it’s not too late! OH – and Target has some awesome planters on clearance now. I grabbed 2 about the size of your tin one for $6 a pop! <3 Target!
This is my spring/summer living in Dallas, Texas (having spent the rest of my natural live in the Hoosier state) and I completely missed the growing season. I walked into the local greenhouse and asked where their veggie plants were and the employee laughed at me — yes, laughed! They had three very sickly little guys in the back that I took home with me. They were doing great initally, but have since started looking sickly again. This might have to do with the 1-2 punch of 100 degree June days and no water for 2 weeks while the hubs and I were on our honeymoon in Tahiti (I remembered to have someone feed and water the cat. That has to count for something). Next season, we’re going to build a raised garden with an integrated watering system on a timer. Probably.
I think this weekend I’m going to risk getting laughed at again and go see if the greenhouse has any herbies left. Then maybe I’ll head next door to the Home Depot and see if they have any galvanized tubs – imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, right?
So my hubby’s tip is to do all your planter box filling in the grass, so the dirt spillage doesn’t have to be cleaned up off the patio! (I saw the dirt on the patio in your picture). It’s a pain to move my buckets and stuff into the grass, but it does make for less clean-up.
Also, we fill the bottom of our planters with packing peanuts (styrofoam). Doesn’t add any weight, takes up a lot of the empty space, provides drainage- it’s perfect!
Just a couple tips for ya!
Weeds…that’s all I know how to grow!! And there is a tree growing out from under my front porch…gotta chop that down ASAP!!
Never had one. Have to try it!
I recently had one of these basil cocktails at one of our local pubs in Seattle (The Feedback Lounge-link above) where they also have lots of other unusual drinks made with herbs and veggies. As an example, a drink called the “Red Ricky” tastes like tart berries and cucumber. Sounds odd, but it was a very refreshing summer drink– for adults, of course.
What section of the store can I find these galvanized tubs? I searched the website, but nothing came up.
The tubs are in the aisle with the empty paint cans (and the garbage pails I think).
Unfortunately We don’t have a garden like you. But have a big balcony full of flowers and now we have some vegetables. I hope we can eat our cute tomatoes. But as soon as possible I will have a pot like you… I love it.
I love your herb tub and their names!
I’m growing a bigger crops of goods this year as I put in (8) 4’x8′ raised bed gardens made out of cedar. I also have an herb post which hangs eight small pots. Having such a great time with it all this year!
We are fortunate to live in an area with lots of farmstands within walking/riding (and driving) distance of our home, but finally went the farm share route and are splitting it with another couple (still way more produce than two adults, a toddler, and the pending arrival of an infant need in a week) since neither of us is really good at making things other than weeds grow. We’re loving the locally grown organic produce that gets picked up weekly and that we’re supporting a local farm.
I live in the UK, in a Flat (apartment) I bought a living salad which was meant to only last for 10 days, i’ve had it for 2 months… also i was given 2 tomato plant seedlings, which have grown to about 4 ft tall on my kitchen windowsill! they even have a tomato growing on them!
the person who gave me the seedlings are so jealous as theirs are still about 12inches tall! haha – monster plants!
Also whats the vents on the floor infront of the slidey door?
Those are air vents for heating and cooling (most are in the wall but a few are in the floor).
My husband walked out the back door early one morning to let our dogs out and watched as a giant mule deer ate all my tomato plants. It was a sad day in the Wright house. I’ve notice he’s also been snacking on my lettuce, but there’s plenty of it to go around. We still have peas and carrots and I just went out and bought some more tomato and cucumber starts and put them in a front flower bed. I’m hoping that putting them up close to the house will deter our ‘neighbor’. Oh, I am also nursing some ground cherries. They barely managed to survive a SUPER late frost. We’ll see what becomes of them.
I’ve been growing basil, but started mine from seed, so they’re not very big yet. Hoping they sprout up a bit more so we can actually use some without taking the whole plant for one use!
We have done the same thing both last year and this year for herbs (& I think we used the same tub from Lowe’s!). It worked out really well for us except that we ended up having to cut down the number of plants we put in it because they were all getting too big. Now, the tub only has chives and cilantro and our rosemary, basil and oregano are in our “big” garden. I wish y’all were growing cilantro- I would love to see if it would survive the summer up in Virginia! It’s just waaayy too hot here in Georgia for it to last much longer than a couple months :( Sending good gardening vibes y’alls way! | 2019-04-20T04:23:41Z | http://kokokara.info/gone-to-pot/ |
Benoît Battistelli, Director General of the French National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), has been elected by the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organisation to succeed Alison Brimelow as President of the EPO. His five-year presidency will begin on 1. July 2010.
As reported by both the IPKat and IPjur, his predecessor Alison Brimelow gave an interesting speech on "keping the patent system fit for future" in Melbourne, Australia, on the day of his election, in which she drafted her visions for the future development of the international IP scenery. As a contrast or supplementary to that, Mr Battistelli answered questions in the same political field, as posed by the European Patent Institute (epi) shorlty before his election. Below please find a summary of the essential issues of Ms Brimelow and Mr Battistelli in order to facilitate comparing their respective thoughs.
Ms Brimlows ideas. As a core message, she demanded that "greater integration and the creation of a truly global, sustainable patent system" are needed to keep the patent system fit for purpose in the future and explained that the IP5 initiative between the five largest patent offices in the world (US, JP, CN, KR, EP) may be a basis on which such a system may be built.
Invited by the Melbourne Law School to hold the 2010 Francis Gurry Intellectual Property Lecture, in a speech entitled "Not seeing the wood for the trees: Is the patent system still fit for purpose ?", the former EPO President reflected upon the challenges that patent systems are facing worldwide. "The R&D paradigms have changed, the function of IP is shifting, but patent systems have failed to adapt and develop in consequence". Moreover, she stated, the patent system is "far too complex, and this complexity increases exponentially in the international arena".
Substantive patent law harmonization: While industrialised countries call for a global patent system based on an international infrastructure operating under a harmonized body of laws, regulation and practices, international normative initiatives are currently at a standstill. There is a gap between what people say and what people are prepared to do. Inherent in the concept of harmonization is change. If we are not prepared to change, we cannot possibly pretend to be serious about harmonization.
Global backlogs as driver for change: There is a powerful impetus for reducing unnecessary duplication of work in patent systems world-wide. The existing PCT framework should this be improved since it bears the greatest potential for a global work-sharing scheme due to the high volume of applications filed, the existing legal framework and infrastructure, established procedures and also its acceptance by the users.
Recent developments in Europe: The work-sharing scheme of the EPO will apply to work results not just from the national patent offices of member states, but from any office of first filing in the world. Timeliness, high quality of work, confidence-building and coordination between offices are essential ingredients of this scheme, in order to elliminate unnecessary duplication of work and equally enhancing both quality and efficiency, whereas utilisation remains at the discretion of the EPO examiner.
The international level: The EPO is cooperating with the patent offices of Japan, Korea, China and the US within the IP5 initiative to achieve a sound, viable, sustainable global patent system, focused on work-sharing. The IP5 will enable efficient work-sharing which will deliver long term and sustainable benefits for all, even without any substantive harmonisation breakthroughs. However, the IP5 projects are ambitious, require a considerable investment of scarce resources and are politically attractive because the IP5 projects will deliver productive results and momentum beyond electoral periods, which is why it was vitally important to enhance IP5 visibility and keep the pressure on.
Mr Battistelli's plans. While the former EPO President articulated political and more abstract ideas, Mr Battistelli's plans appear EPO-centered and more pragnatical.
EPO as part of the EU: As regards the possibility of a Community patent, it could be explored again the possibility of a Technical Agreement between the EPO and the European Union, which latter would delegate to the EPO the granting procedure. There would therefore be little change in the present system, the innovation being that applicants would have the possibility of obtaining a European patent as now, or a Community patent. Market forces will decide which is preferred. There would be a review after say 10 years from any Community Patent Regulation.
The global role of the EPO: The EPO does have a global role to play in IP, firstly because it essentially represents all of Europe in these matters, and secondly because it has a high degree of technical and legal expertise in patents. Individual countries cannot go it alone, but the EPO can and should play a lead part in developing IP in partnership with member states and other extra-European Patent Offices. Developing a model for providing a balance between holders of patent rights, and third parties is a main issue.
Partnership between EPO and member states: The European Patent Network (EPN, see also here) will play an important role. Therefore there are in practice two levels, the EPO level and the national level. These must work in a complementary way. It is important that the National Patent Offices (NPOs) do not reduce the role, capacity and authority of the EPO, but at the same time the role of the NPOs should be strengthened. The EPN should not be reduced to simple work sharing. The EPO Examiners in their different groups should act as a cluster of competence which would have the overall say in the granting procedure. So it is not a question of sharing files, but of providing a network of competencies between the EPO and the NPO examiners, so-called “virtual clusters of Examiners could be created, to enhance the examination procedure. As regards the future, the operational capacity of the EPO and its budget (1.4 Bn € at present) would need to be looked at from the point of view of the IFRS norms which may not be suitable for an International non-profit organisation. The IFRS spirit may be right, but perhaps not the letter.
Patent granting under the PCT: The improvement of the PCT should be a priority. With the new US Commissioner, Mr David Kappos, there may be scope for movement forward. The EPO fully support Francis Gurry's (President of the WIPO) initiatives. As to the PPH, some EPO member states have gone down the PPH route (whereas others, e.g. France, are not convinced on the appropriateness of the PPH) and it should not be denied that a pilot scheme might be looked at. However, resources should not be taken from the PCT, which is the only truly multi-lateral option.
Ways of operation of the Administrative Council: The Administrative Council (AC) has its own Chairman, whereas the President of the EPO has a different role, but the two need to work together. The main role of the AC is to vote the office budget, elect the President and Vice Presidents and to control the activity of the Office. The AC should concentrate on these main tasks, must stick to important questions, try to reduce time and to encourage colleagues from the MS to take decisions.
Social partnership of EPO with the staff: The staff is greatly dissatisfied with the management of the Office, and with the AC. This mostly stems from a lack of understanding as to their role, the future of the EPO and thus their future, including pensions. Transparency should be provided for the staff and meetings should be convened to explain what is going on in the EPO. It is a difficult but not impossible task to get everyone in the Office pulling in the same direction.
Relationship of EPOrg and epi: The EPO must not be isolationist, and must not ignore the users. The epi is one of the main partners of the EPO. As such the Office should look to cooperate with the epi and whilst the EPO would not always be able to take the same position as the users, openess towards and interactions with the epi in order to enhance the patent system in Europe is essential, since the EPO and epi could cooperate too within the framework of the EPN, e.g. like in France, where the Office and the IP attorneys are associated, working together to enhance SME’s IP awareness.
Conclusion: Mr Battistelli appears not to be so much focussed on the international level and high politics (int'l harmonisation, IP5, etc.) but emphesises more the European IP structure and the well-functioning of the EPO itself. This attitude is in fact much appreciated by the EPO's staff, which hopes that in the future the EPO's public service mission that has been accorded to the EPO and allow the EPO to concentrate on its raison d'être, namely the search, examination and granting of high quality patents, will be much more considered on the political level than under the former President.
From a patent attorney's point of view I would principally agree to the attitude of the staff union, since in recent years the impression has grown among professional representatives that during all that procedural streamlining and raising of bars the EPO has lost sight of the legitimate interests of the system users. In fact, some colleagues and applicants just started to consider more direct national filings instead of going through the streamlined but more and more inflexible and expensive EP system.
in case that the operating system (17) permits only short filenames and said information (42) is set to make said second directory entry (20) invisible to the operating system (17), locating the file by accessing said first directory entry (18) or, in case that the operating system (17) permits long filenames and said information (42) is set to make said second directory entry (20) visible to the operating system (17), locating the file by accessing said second directory entry (20).
By the claimed subject-matter, the patent solves the problem that the length of file names in older MS-DOS versions is limited to only eight characters in that a second directory entry holding a long file name for the file is associated with a first directory entry representing the short file name, such that the first or second entry can be activated depending on the operation system.
In the first-instance nullity proceedings, the Federal Patent Court has decided on October 26, 2006 that the claims granted by the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA) are not based on an inventive step over the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP) for reading files on CD-ROMs, since RRIP extends the ISO 9660 standard towards CD-ROM contents access via the POSIX file system by exactly utilising the claimed method.
In the appeal instance, however, the BGH did not agree with that ruling of the BPatG and interpreted the claimed subject-matter differently. According to the BGH's interpretation, the claimed teaching enables concuerrently using short and long file names (as enabled e.g. by the VFAT format used in Windows 95) in a way compatible with the older FAT file system, which is achieved by a file attribute (the claimed "information (42)") stored in the second file entry with the help of which the second file entry (representing the long file name) can be made visible or invisible depending on whether the underlying operating system supports long or short file names.
The BGH thus concluded that the patent invention suggests, for solving the compatibility problem, to store two file entries separately comprising the short and long file name, while RPIR teaches to store both file names in the same file entry, for other reasons.
Analogously, also US couterpart patent US 5,579,517 has been finally upheld in early 2006 by the USPTO in a re-examination, after the patent has been revoked before.
Young judges at the Karlsruhe-based Federal Court of Justice considered it a progressive move to fit in with European Patent Office case law and to interpret the non-patentability of computer programs "as such" accordingly.
In the earlier decision X ZB 22/07, the BGH explained under which circumstances a software that is embedded in a larger technical system may represent statutory subject-matter, whereas commentators assume that this decision may represent a turnaround of the BGH’s approach to assess technical character of an invention towards the more liberal attitude of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office, as e.g. presented in the decision “Auction Method/Hitachi” (see also my related earlier post).
May software patenting and open source go together?
In this post published in a Sydney based IP firm's IP blog, the author(s) speculate(s) whether it makes sense to consider patenting of open source software, which would of course require a certain degree of mental liberty to overcome the common view that patenting totally contradicts to the idea of open source and is, at best, only an option for big business.
The idea is that the underlying rationale of patent protection and open source is to publish the invention/source code to be used and further developed by others. However, while open source can be freely used within the provisions of an open source license, a patented software-related invention may only be used if a patent license (or cross-license) is obtained that usually is liable to pay license fees. From that point of view, the two models for "explointig" software appear fairly similar, since the world's patent databases may be seen as large free-access prior art libraries, even though an invention disclosed in a patent and an open source library provide very different levels of detail and opportunities to use the disclosed knowledge.
However, when considering the aspect that a patent owner has a monopoly, while the open source programmer contributes his developments to the community, the two models appear rather far apart. If the latter perspective is adopted, it doesn't help very much that patents only grant monopolies for a limited period of time (20 years from the patent filing date), since software life cycles usually are much shorter than a patent's lifetime.
A group of open source collaborators could secure a patent and grant a royalty-free licences to (only?) the open source community in much the same way as open source software is licensed. This would secure the invention for public use and prevent other parties from patenting that invention and exclusively exploiting it for commercial gain.
A patent would secure the open source community the right to freely use the invention subject to the terms of the licence, which may comprise a provision according to which any modifications, enhancements or improvements are owned by the (open source) patent owner in order to retain all enhancements for public use.
Open source patented innovations reside on patent databases and thus form part of the same public record, which makes the public record more comprehensive and useful to the community at large.
This argumentation, is base on the finding that such kinds of "open source patents" and subsequent zero licensing (to the community) would provide the legal certainty that no one else can obtain a patent for exactly that subject-matter and thus usage under the freely available zero license is not threatenend by patent infringement suits as it is today. Such a "run-with-the-pack" strategy according to which you apply for patents to be protected yourself from patents is in fact a legitmate strategy, whose further advantage (besides legal certainty) over the intrinsic open source disclosure strategy may be the official prior art search and examination, e.g. during the international phase of PCT proceedings or the like.
As open source today is a successful business model (see e.g. Novell, RedHat, Oracle) and not so much (only) an attitude of software developers that refrain from considering legal aspects of their work, the money needed for such a defensive patent strategy may exist (even without the chance to earn substantial license fees). In fact, some well known names in the open source market have plenty of experiences with patents (e.g. IBM, Novell and others). But there remains a risk that the community, whose contribution is needed for any successful open source business, will turn against an open source firm that is sympathising to patents, as Novell had to experience (see e.g. the Boycott Novell blog).
The authors of the referenced post see two main issues to be solved within the suggested open source patent framework, namely ensuring novelty of open source projects in the legal sense of the term as well as patent costs. One might add further important issues, e.g. that patent examiners should have the required expertise and ability to properly search and examine software patents and that sufficient prior art has to be available in the patent databases for conducting meaningful searches in that particular field. The latter two issue have not been overly pronounced some years ago but both are rapidly improving.
Novelty: To be patentable, a subject-matter has to be novel, i.e. not being publicly disclosed in any form before the filig (priority) date of the respective patent application, which appears hard to be achieved in an tedious collaborate open source development process.
One option may be that countries such as Australia, Canada, Japan, the USA and others have a grace period of six or twelve months from the first public disclosure of an invention by the inventor (depending on the country) whithin which inventors may still apply for a patent without drawbacks as to the required novelty. Apart from the fact that this is not an option in Europe where a patent grace period is unknown, six or twelve months may seldomly be sufficient to bring an open source project to a stable patent-worthy state.
At an adaquate (preferably early) point of the development process, a set of patent claims is drafted (supported by a patent attorney, if required) based on the specification and the state of the developing process, such that the patent application can be filed to obtain preliminary protection.
Costs: According to the author's conception, setting up a community of particular skills in order to draft the patent specification would reduce the costs for patent attorneys, due to contributions of the community in an open source manner. If the patent is commercially successful (e.g. by donation), any funds received can be made available to the contributors/inventors, or the community to promote further open source patent opportunities or as contribution for payment of official fees according to the various jurisdictions.
Conclusion: The authors see their sketched approach as an open source solution to promote access and availability to the excellent resources available both in the community and in the patent offices around the world.
However, even though the approach sounds interesting and may have a certain potential for utilise the best of both worlds in a software development process, it currently resides on a rather theoretical level, especially with respect to the patent specification process, the role of patent attorneys and the idea to collect fees for commercial uses and granting a free license for open source developers, whatever the differences between theses two groups may be today. Also a fairly strong opposition of anti-patent campaigners is to be expected if this or a similar appoach schould be implemented for a concrete project one day.
Especially, if an open source community really should decide to secure patent rights for their project, they should better consult a patent attorney or other legal advisor and not solely rely on community contributions (except some members are at least experienced patent practitioners) when it comes to legal issues with respect to worldwide patent procesution, licensing, infringement or the like. | 2019-04-20T14:28:31Z | http://www.visaepatentes.com/2010/04/ |
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Q1 Is a Guarantor mandatory in SBI Home Loans ?
Q2 People who have availed SBI Max Gain, have they been asked for Guarantor ?
Request you All to share their bit & Help everyone out !
I have applied for SBI Home loan before 15 days. I have received SMS on same day when I submitted my all the documents. I don’t see any verification process done from SBI till the time. Does SBI not do verification by sending some people to our home?
One of my friend who works in Aditya Birla Finance has taken my documents , cheque by saying false things(I am just taking it to save my job. I’ll not apply it etc.). I have told him that I want to get the home loan from SBI and I don’t want to apply from other institutions.
I see in my CIBIL. there are two enquiries have been made by Adity Birla finance for Home loan. Will this make any effect on my SBI application?
There is no score in my CIBIL report because I do not have any credit history.
Max Gain is same as your savings account .It is opened with your home loan .
Really great info Ashal. Thanks!!!
Dear Anil, from your reply, I think it’s a legal and technical issue and I can not help you in this.
But do this route Work? I had ask this question to them and they are saying that the branch who have sanctioned loan to flats in this property have actually done mistake.
SRA projects in Mumbai is completely regulated by SRA authorities. This type of project is audited at every stage of its development. If these documents are not authentic then why SRA body accepted it.
Dear Anil, please file an RTI application for the same. Why loans were disbursed for others on the same set of papers and why not now for you?
Thanks a lot Ashal, it is really helpful.
Dear Sunil, If you are facing cashflow problem, please pay only Pre EMI & do not think of parking anything extra in max Gain account as you can not use the same in case of a need.
Yes you can request SBI to start regular EMI s even before completion of Mortatorium period.
NO, withdrawing from PF to bringdown your loan liability is not a good idea. In case of EPF, it’s farward compounding whereas for Loan it’s reverse compounding, Hence it makes sense to do not touch EPF amount.
Dear Ashal – I’ve question regarding optimization of Pre EMI on SBI Max Gain loan account. Due to liquidity issue, I opted for Pre EMI and am currently on 18 month moratorium period while the project is under construction. I would like to know 1) How can I make optimum use of Pre EMI period (reduce interest burden while do not squeeze on my liquidity) 2) Can I request SBI to convert Pre EMI to EMI at later stage (before completing moratorium period) 3) Is it a good idea to withdraw money from EPF account to bring down my loan liability?
Dear Ankit, please check following.
Ashal this link is not working now.
I have taken SBI MAXGAIN for my U/C property of which I am yet to get possession. Before taking H/L they told me I need to go for property insurance for a minimum of 10 years. Due to that I have to pay one time premium during possession of Rs.4260 as per my propery value. But yesterday without intimating me they deducted Rs. 11695 from my maxgain account when I am yet to get possession. I am feeling cheated here, Please help.
Dear Anirban, for what purpose this amount has been deducted?
I recently switched to SBI. After 35 days, 30800 has been added in my loan outstanding amount stating- DEBIT ADJUSTMENT-HOUSE PROPERTY INSURANCE. Which I remember, I never availed and neither talked about. I checked other websites and as per my Flat cost (market value 45 Lacs + 5 Lacs Appliances cost), they are offering insurance in premium ranging from 4000 to 11000. So in any case Rs 30800 are not justified. I talked in SBI branch and they said it is mandatory to insure property.
Now please advise what can I do?
I am very much frustrated with this unprofessional behavior of SBI personnel. And after switching to SBI, I feel there is no benefit as I have already been charged more than (55000 + its interest).
I’ve been going through a home loan of Rs. 1+ crore with SBI. No doubt, SBI home loan lending rate is the cheapest compared other banks. However, what irked me was that the branch manager was forcing me to take SBI Life RiNn Raksha insurance. For me, it was costing 10% of the loan + every year 1% extra as interest for that insurance part. While it’s absolutely NOT MANDATORY to yield to any such insurance scheme, it’s purely SBI’s intent to push their products so they can meet their target/make more money/get better credit to the branch. It’s AGAINST IRDA regulations to impose any such insurance schemes on the customer. You can firmly decline such offers. While they also put you to fear that your loan application may be declined due to lack of insurance coverage, buying insurance has no bearing your loan approval. Pls. do not yield to this. The branch manager will be taken to task if he FORCES you to buy insurance, however he can only RECOMMEND you to take insurance coverage. You would rather buy Life Insurance from LIC for cheaper rate. If not RiNn Raksha, they will try to force and convince you to buy some other SBI Life Insurance.
I too am planning to foreclose my existing loan with HDFC and go for the Max Gain scheme of SBI. However one of the biggest deterrents is the one time payment of property insurance which the home loan agent mentioned to be mandatory.
I don’t understand as to why the consumer should pay for the building on behalf of the bank. Basically this insurance is for the bank and it should do it for itself and not charge us.
Can any one kindly please guide if this property insurance can be made optional with SBI. (I had never taken any property insurance when taking the loan from HDFC).
Awaiting your kind replies. Thanks.
My application for home loan with SBI is under process. Currently the file is with the Lawyer. Legal opinion should be provided.
I would like to know what will happen next once we get legal approval…may be in detailed steps.
Also I have serious problem with the branch manager. She never provides me any information, over that she commented on me that I am the only pestering customer to her… Is it possible to change the Branch at this stage for my file?
Till now all the processing was done at RACPC only and there was no problem. Now I am afraid that she may delay the process as it will be in the hands of SBI and myself after legal opinion. Please suggest me what I can do in this regard?
Yeah, I am also planning to get the Maxgain account transferred to the other branch. Will they do it ..? I want debit card, internet banking kit and cheque book for Maxgain account. Without that can we maximise the benefits of Maxgain..?
Dear George, once the netbanking (specially the transactions rights) is enabled to your MG account, practically you do not need debit card or cheque book. Yes occasionally you may require a cheque or 2. For both these things, you contact the loan branch to activate netbanking as well as issue cheque book.
Is it advisable to transfer HOME loan from HDFC to SBI ?
Dear Arvind, if you can do the legwork for SBI, please opt SBI Max Gain. Within HDFC, you can reduce your existing loan rate to a new rate of 10.5 or 10.75% by paying a conversion fee.
Till now we have taken only one cheque of Rs.12,74,000 from bank out of 27lacs, as till now only that much amount was asked by builder. Our ouiding is under construction and we have also started paying our EMI as soon as the loan was started i.e. from May 2012.
Meanwhile we were able to arrange some money so thought of paying home loan back. I asked branch Home loan manager about the same and she at taht tiem she said its fine to repay as there is no penalty for repayment of loan now.
So we repayed almost 7 lacs of loan except emi out of Rs. 12,74,000 which we took till date. For repayment we did put money in our savings a/c through which our emi goes loan and then transfered that money from that a/c to loan a/c through netbanking.
As When I check my home loan account Online it does so correct outstanding for me after deducting all my repayments and EMI i.e. 343000 as of today.
I was in the process of streamlining SBI Maxgain Homeloan and SB Account. Unfortunately a small problem cropped up. The problem is I already have a PPF account and SB account with a branch near my home. The homeloan is processed and sanctioned by another branch. When I contacted them to issue cheque book, debit card and internet banking kit, they said the request can not be taken as all accounts are in same CIF and the branch (from which homeloan was processed) can not take request. So they suggested to change the SB account and PPF to them.
Have you came accross similar situations..? I would prefer to continue with SB and PPF account with current branch as it is near my home. What are all could be probable options..?
Dear George, Instead of transferring SB & PPF to to loan branch, please transfer MG account to SB branch. By the way, if you just want to get cheque book, please ask loan branch to issue one. Actually the request ‘ll be done online by Loan branch & you’ll get the customised cheque book door delivered.
1. is it compulsory to take personal insurance. if not any document saying the same.
2. property insurance is also compulsory they said. and i am agreed to it. whether this is also required?
I have applied for sbi maxgain home loan through home loan team in mumbai instead of going to my home branch because bank officials are not much interested in sanctioning of home loan.home loan team leader said,i have to park my home loan account in other branch because it is not in his work area.
In my saving account,i am having office address & for home loan,i have given my residential address as they are not satisfied with office address.
Now tell me is it possible to open home loan account in other sbi branch under the same CIF and how i can do this?
Dear Vishal, In the loan application farm, there ‘ll be details for your existing relationship with SBI, please punch in the details of your existing SB account. this ‘ll help to get Max Gain account under common CIF. You may have SB & Max Gain account in different branches within same city. No issue.
Thank u Ashal for your valuable suggestion.some more questions for you please.
I am planning to without personal insurance cover.what u think it will be helpful to buy insurance or not?
have u taken insurance cover for you?should i go with sbi life rinn raksha policy or any other?
i have not understood with this. because i read that,premium payment is only for 5 years not there after then how they will continue the policy.can u explain please.
one time premium payment is good or adding it in to the home loan is helpful?
if claim is not made till home loan closure,shall i get the money back, paid for insurance purpose?
Dear Vishal, that Rinn Raksha Policy is a mortgage term cover where your sum assured ‘ll keep decreasing with every paid EMI. I w’d prefer a normal Term cover say SBI Life’s Smart Shield for your over all Term cover requirement including that home loan.
A yly prem. option is better than a single prem. If you opt to pay in a single prem. & get it added into your home loan, you w’d have to pay interest on this single prem. Are you ready for that?
No as it’s term cover, no maturity amount is there?
I had gone through the thread, you had given many useful information here, when it comes to insurance, just wondering do we really need one for purchase of site? It is required for housing loan (it covers natural calamity in addition to personnel insurance), especially when we are looking for 2 to 3 year loan.
Dear Shailja, the term cover for your life is beneficial but the general insurance for the plot/piece of land from natural calamities, I’m unable to digest. Yes if it’s a under developing mode – building, there should be a cover for the building but not for the land itself as nothing is going to happen that piece of land.
sir i have following questions.
1.i have applied for maxgain loan of 30 lakh today.i am having sbi saving account in mumbai but they said my maxgain account will be at other branch but in mumbai only.is there any problem in future for fund transfers in these 2 accounts?
2.is it posssible to close maxgain account by prepayment before the tenure,or i have to continue it till the tenure completes?
3.my wife is not a co-borrower today as she is not earning now,but in future she will earn,so is it helpful to add my wife as a co-applicant and what are the pros & cons of doing so?
1. Make sure the Max Gain account is under the common CIF which you are having for your SB account. No matter if the 2 accounts are in different branch but CIF is same, you can save time & energy as well as money as due to single CIF, the netbanking ‘ll be common between these 2 accounts under a single user id & password of your existing SB account.
Here CIF stands for Customer Information Folio.
2. Yes, you have to write down a written request just like closing a normal home loan.
3. The tax benefit for wife from home loan ‘ll be possible only if she is co-owner as well as co-borrower.
Hi Ashal, can you pls. guide me. I took a sbi max gain in Y2008 at the interest rate of 13.25% p.a. now the interest rate has dropped. My outstanding is around 34 lacs. I want some idea to get the interest rate lowered at the same time i want to maintain the max gain since it gives me the flexibility of OD facility and sometimes this helps in case of emergency. Can you guide me urgently?
Dear dgomez, please contact the SBI branch from where you are maintaining your Max Gain account. Ask for rate reduction & linking of the same with Base Rate instead of PLR (your current linking is with PLR). SBI as well as all other banks are offering rate reduction after a payment of nominal fee which is 0.5% of outstanding loan amount + service tax on it.
So in your case this fee ‘ll be 17000 + Serv. Tax.
Few days or may 3-4 weeks back, SBI advertised for this rate reduction offer all it’s existing customer.
Even after rate reduction, the Max Gain facility ‘ll remain intact. No reason to worry.
1. if the husband & wife are co-borrower OR the EMI to NMI (Net Mly Income) ratio is below 30% i.e. EMI is less than 30% of the NMI, the guarantor is not required at all. Even in case of 40 or 45% EMI to NMI, the SBI RACPC may relax this guarantor thing.
2. In all the cases for me & friends, no guarantor was asked by SBI people.
Please feel free to post more & more of your queries for SBI Max Gain Home Loan, I ‘ll try to answer each of those.
I am also planning to take a HL with SBI and have a question.
Many of my friends told me that to get SBI HL, one should know SBI Employee or might hv to bribe(may be a rare case) to get the processing done in quick time.
How many days it took for you to process your application.
I am in Hyderabad and planning to take HL of 10L for 10years to construct a home here.
Dear Sahaj, not a single penny was paid by me or my other friends who have taken SBI’s Max Gain home loan. As you want to construct a property on your existing plot, please visit any nearest SBI branch & asked for the document list to be arranged for your case. Once this doc list is with you (It includes your financial as well as property related docs), arrange all the papers & put up the file to the SBI branch of your choice.
If all the papers are in order, the loan can be sanctioned in 10-15 days by the RACPC staff. I do have my personal experience with me of SBI for such fast work as well as on the other hand for a snail’s pace of taking 6-7 months. But basically it all depends on the required papers in the file.
Thanks a lot for the quick reply Ashal.
You need not offer any bribe to any one for SBI Maxgain Loan.
There may be an isolated case of someone looking for bribe, but it is very fair processing.
We are going to live in that property for decades. Let the banker take little more time and do their homework to check if the property is free from all angles.
No doubt, SBI takes little more time in processing the Loan.
But later, they will never bother you. They do not put any hidden charges.
They tell whatever is true. In SBI, they are not agents. They are permanent employees. They do not have any targets to achieve. So there is no chance of misselling the product.
Since you are in Hyderabad, you better approach SBI Kondapur (Opp: Botanical Gardens, near Kothaguda). Since this branch is located in IT area,it mostly deals with housing loans for IT employees. You visit the branch once and all your doubts on Maxgain are clarified.
There is no matching product in the market, which can compete with MAXGAIN.
Thanks for all your replies on home loans, this helped me greatly.
Does State bank of Hyderabad also has Max gain home loan option ? Will it be same as SBI ? I am also stuck in not finding a guarantor, will check with SBH manager weather he can ignore the gurantor criteria if EMI is less. | 2019-04-19T22:17:58Z | https://www.jagoinvestor.com/forum/sbi-home-loan-myth-vs-realities |
We are a group of talented photographers and videographers who believe that your wedding is not just a gig, but a moment that needs to be captured forever. All our team has the same motto - “always be kind, friendly and above all, compassionate.
A custom made Victorian wedding gown for the occasion was created for Susan by world famous designer Stephen Yearick. This historic wedding gown had exquisite crystal beading, ornate detail and show-stopping rich embellishments. It took two years to make of which 180 days (6 months) was used for embroidery, stitching and artwork. More than 10,000 hand-beaded additions were sewn into the couture gown including sequins, pearls and 10 types of multifaceted Austrian Crystals. Swarovski Crystals were used in the bodice and on the sleeves of the gown. Over 100 yards of eleven types of sophisticated fabrics were used and the gown weighed 35 pounds but was strategically constructed so most of the weight was carried by the hips. Fifty people were involved in the creation of the gown which included Stephen Yearick, Leigh Price and Mon Amie’s owner Laurel Mungo.
Susan Irvine Gown from ALERT THE GLOBE on Vimeo.
The Irvine Historic Wedding Cake was a traditional masterpiece and a focal point of the reception.
Susan and James commissioned Sunshine Guitierez from La Puente, California to design and bake the wedding cake. It took almost two years of planning after Sunshine met with James and Susan at their home for a private tasting of all the different cake flavors. Once the style of the cake was decided, an illustration was hand drawn by Melissa Nault from Montreal, Canada.
The gigantic-tiered wedding cake stood 50 inches tall and weighed over 150 pounds. It was lovingly wrapped in white frosting that had 30 handmade fondant bows and sugar flowers. It took 130 pounds of flour, sugar and 180 eggs to make. The fondant was imported from Italy. Accenting the cake was Swarovski Crystals and edible 18 Karat Gold. The fifth layer of the cake had the insignia of Susan and James initials representing their union in marriage. It took three weeks to complete with handmade fondant designs and the largest cake layer took over five hours to mix and bake from scratch.
Accenting the cake was a cascade of Susan’s favorite fresh flowers that included 6 different variety of roses, White Orchids, mini-roses accented with Swarovski Crystals. The floral designer was Carlos Sanchez from D’Angelus Events.
Guests choose from three different cake flavors. Succulent Chocolate Cake filled with cream cheese and strawberry chocolate mousse; a delectable Vanilla Cake filled with cream cheese, strawberry filling and a vanilla mousse; and Vanilla Cake with white chocolate raspberry filling.
Susan’s Wedding Bouquet was designed and created by JoAnne Maggio of Glam Bouquet. The bouquet was made in a stylish 12x16 inch teardrop shaped design that took over 75 hours to complete.
It was filled with over 75 handpicked silver brooches, many of them being special gifts given to Susan from close friends, family and state, regional and national titleholders. Crystal charms and trinkets were added that made a statement with a special meaning expressed through the design. Some are sentimental or deeply meaningful, while others are lighthearted and playful representing things like a love of peacocks, butterfly's, roses. Along with these beautiful brooches over 500 smaller crystal and rhinestone accent pieces in silver and pink was added. The last touches was dramatic draping on the sides and center along with a beautiful silver handle.
The final result was a beautiful custom Teardrop Jeweled Wedding Bouquet that Susan can keep and cherish as a forever memento and keepsake of her special day.
To the distinguished wedding guests, please accept this box of elegant, hand-crafted Modjeskas in celebration of the marriage of Susan Jeske and James M. Irvine.
World renowned, Madam Helena Modjeska was considered the best actress of her time and had her own celebrity endorsements in flatware, perfume and candies. In July 1876, she emigrated from Poland to Orange County, California and was good friends with James Irvine II who named his daughter Kathryn Helena Irvine after her. In 1883, she appeared at the McCauley Theater in Louisville in the play, “A Doll’s House.” A local candy maker, Anton Busath of Busath Candies attended the play and thought Madam Modjeska was so wonderful that he asked if he could name his “caramel biscuit,” Modjeska in honor of her, which she granted her permission along with her photo.
Bauer’s Candies started in 1889 by Frederick Bauer, in Louisville, KY and in 1947 was granted permission from Anton Busath to carry on the name Modjeska for their Carmel Biscuit. The rich and creamy Modjeska is made the old-fashioned way with only the finest ingredients and using old fashion copper kettles on a open flame gas cooker. Each small batch is expertly prepared from scratch and hand packed.
Bauer's Candies is a fourth generation family owned business for 129 years and is currently owned by Anna Bauer who is the only daughter to run the company. She considers her business to be very blessed, having been granted several opportunities nationally and internationally, which include her famous Modjeska candy being featured on The Food Network several times and featured in chains a gourmet catalogs across the country including over 600 Cracker Barrel restaurants, Williams-Sonoma stores nationwide and most recently, QVC. They even make the candy for several Lords and Ladies in Europe!
A custom made Victorian wedding tent is being created for the historic Irvine Wedding reception. The innovative 50 x 100 foot tent used approximately 1500 yards of fabric and has no interior poles or supports so all the guests will have an unobstructed view of all the activities. It will have 300 feet of hand stamped 18 Karat Gold Victorian trim, with over 150 four-inch flower appliques and 300 gold tassels hand sewn around the border. It took over 5 months to make with countless hours of labor. The tent will have 56 champagne sheer cloth drapes, and 28 gold satin tassel tie backs. It took a 9 man team, working around the clock, from structural enginineers, designers and metal fabricators to seamstresses and block printers to produce the Historical Irvine Wedding Tent.
Taj Mahal Tents is proud to be the exclusive tent designer of the Irvine Wedding. The Victorian tent will turn the event into a magical experience. Taj Mahal Tents offers a wide range of elegantly designed tents that are rich in style, design and quality. It is a second generation family owned business servicing Southern California. The company is built on the strength, experience and expertise of a team that delivers the creative inspiration and operational innovation that stretches the limits of what is possible. Taj Mahal Tents sets a new standard of Service, Excellence, Reliability, Creativity, Inspiration and Innovation!
In honor of the Susan and James M. Irvine wedding a complimentary ticket is being presented to all the wedding guests by OCParks.com to visit the Madam Helena Modjeska Home Tour. World renowned, she was considered the best actress of her time and had her own celebrity endorsements in flatware, perfume and candies. In 1876, she emigrated from Poland to Orange County, California and in 1886 built her home in Silverado Canyon and named it Arden. She was good friends with James Irvine ll who named his daughter Kathryn Helena Irvine after her. To learn more about her amazing life click here.
These beautiful vintage pews are from a 100 year old Catholic Church located in Riverside, California. Susan and James wanted a outdoor wedding in the beauty of the rose garden James played in as a boy. They also loved the look and feel of a traditional church wedding in honor of Susan's Catholic upbring. Walking down the aisle surrounded by nature and vintage pews will hopefully remind guests of what an incredible celebration this wedding ceremony really is.
My Luxe Wedding is a custom design studio that provides wedding invitations and florals. Their mission is to help clients treat their guests to the ultimate visual experience with invitations that boast elegant jewels, fabulous fabrics, exclusive papers and the most intricate design details. Owners Andre and Nida Taylor worked closely with Ms. Jeske to incorporate elements of the invitation that were important to her. They began the process by selecting a concept that was undeniably elegant yet timeless, tasteful and inviting to each guest of honor, which includes everyone that Susan and Jim invited. Each invitation was handmade with care and artistic flair. A blush pink, dupioni silk fabric was selected for the base of the invitation and the paper layering combined ivory, gold and a patterned paisley to enhance the artwork on the announcement layer. An ivory satin ribbon was used to feature at its center-point, a hanging teardrop jewel that adorns the top of the invitation like a beautiful chandelier. Just a hint of burgundy was incorporated to add a pop of Jim's favorite color. My Luxe Wedding was honored to provide its services toward Susan and Jim's wedding and they hope each guest will be delighted when they open their invitation.
Now into his 18th year, Kenneth Kurts built a traveling forge for demonstrations at events highlighting the 18th and 19th centuries.
A blacksmith has always been important to the Irvine Family. Going back to the days of horses and animal powered plows, thru early automobiles that frequently broke metal parts and all the way into the 1970’s when the East Irvine Blacksmith use to repair dragsters and funny cars for Orange County International Raceway. A blacksmith was always necessary whenever you had large amounts of tractors and implements. All the trades involved on the Irvine Ranch in the 18th and 19th Century were dependent on the Blacksmith and The Irvine Ranch could not have survived without him. The Irvine Blacksmith was even involved in the conversion of a Cadillac into The Ranches first firetruck. In honor of this highly esteemed position a demonstration of the old traditional form of Blacksmithing during the 18th and 19th century will be highlighted during the cocktail hour. As a special gift, a hand forged artistic piece will be presented to the wedding guests.
On June 2, 2018, AlertTheGlobe.com opened their channels and streamed Susan and Jim’s wedding to the world through their LIVE streaming service; giving family and friends who couldn’t make the prestigious event a front row seat without leaving their home. From the start of the wedding, to the reciting of the vows – there were interviews from key figures attending all the way through to the sparkler send off – AlertTheGlobe.com gave viewers the full spectrum of the fairytale wedding.
AlertTheGlobe.com is a website created with a unique and proprietary system that connects musicians and music lovers around the world, using a never before seen platform that offers instantaneous delivery to the world.
The All-Star group of Advisors who have been behind the AlertTheGlobe.com movement are Bernard Fowler, vocalist with The Rolling Stones; Waddy Wachtel, guitar legend and Music Director for Stevie Nicks; Roy Bittan, keyboard player for Bruce Springsteen’s band; Greg Bissonette, drummer with Ringo Starr’s band; and Rob Shanahan, personal photographer to Ringo Starr just to name a few. “Our live stream will change the way you see us and we see you”, says Fowler.
Upon losing his daughter, Jessie, to inoperable brain cancer on January 5, 2012, he formed the Jessie Rees Foundation and has functioned as Chairman of the Board to ensure that children fighting cancer have the support and resources they need to “Never Ever Give Up.” He shares this inspiring message in his newest book Never Ever Give Up: The Inspiring Story of Jessie and her JoyJars. Through his leadership, the Jessie Rees Foundation has raised over $4,000,000 dollars in donations to care for children impacted by cancer.
A white carriage adds romance, and beauty to a wedding that cannot be achieved any other way. They are very formal carriages called Vis-à-vis, which means face-to-face in French. The King of France designed these carriages for his Royal family. They were, and still are, considered the height of beauty, elegance and civility.
A 17 year Broadcast Journalist with an emphasis on Public Relations and Community Affairs, Kelly Bennett has been a reporter, anchor, senior assignment manager for radio and broadcast stations then transitioned into public/community affairs; managing community/public relations for Adelphia Communications and Time Warner Cable. In 2009, she created Bennett Unlimited PR - a Public Relations, Promotions and Event Production firm, specializing in non-profits, community based organizations, individuals and new businesses. Some of her clients have been seen on Inside Edition, HuffPost Live, CNN, The Morning Scramble, Getty Images, Huffington Post, PRPhotos.com, New York Magazine, KTLA, Good Day LA, MSNBC, The Morning Blend, OC Register, Orange Coast Magazine, Rivera Magazine and other news media Nationally and Internationally. She co-hosts a morning radio program “Breakfast with Gary and Kelly” which can be heard on KSBR 88.5FM as well as the LIVE TV version on Cox and Charter television, the internet and on YouTube. Bennett also is the Society Editor for five weekly newspapers; Newport Beach News, Coto de Caza News, Mission Viejo News, Ladera Ranch News and San Clemente News. Her column covers non-profit galas, events and lifestyles of the society scene.
Thyme Well Spent is a husband and wife team that prides themselves in using the best organic, local, sustainable products to responsibly create unforgettable culinary creations. Food is their passion and they strive to put that passion and pride onto each plate. To them food is more than just something we eat, its art, it’s a way of life, its what keeps our bodies running. Food is what drives us, and the quality, passion, and drive shows through each and every savory bite. Creating experiences one table at a time!
because they were once grown or raised on the Irvine Ranch.
Each menu was handmade with care and artistic flair by My Luxe Wedding. A gold and patterned paisley silk was selected for the base of the invitation and the paper layering combined ivory, gold and a floral pattern to enhance the artwork on the menu layer. Just a hint of burgundy was incorporated to add a pop of Jim's favorite color along with 14 Swarovski crystals sprinkled throughout the Irvine Wedding Menu.
When searching for my perfect bridal gown, I knew that a historic, elegant wedding needed a gorgeous one-of-a-kind gown to match.
After trying on gowns at several local bridal boutiques, I had my perfect bridal moment at Mon Amie Bridal Salon. The premiere bridal salon carries exclusive couture designer gowns and has been serving brides for over 40 years.
I attended Mon Amie’s Stephen Yearick Trunk Show where brides may view the designer’s entire collection and work one-on-one with lead designer, Leigh Price. Alongside Price, we designed a custom Victorian wedding gown fit for a princess. Price and Mon Amie’s expert alterations staff were there every step of the way as I continued to add custom embellishments and tailor the gown for a perfect fit. My wedding gown is truly a work of art and working with Leigh Price and Mon Amie’s owner, Laurel Mungo, was a dream.
To celebrate the wedding of Susan and James M. Irvine on June 2, 2018, you are cordially invited to tour the oldest structure on the Irvine Ranch, The Irvine Historical Museum. The Irvine Historical Society makes its home in part of the original ranch house structure that was built in 1868. There you can learn the story of the Irvine Family and the vast Irvine Ranch, which was the most successful agricultural operations in the state of California.
Stephanie’s Linens and More is a family owned business that was started by a small Hispanic family from Long Beach, California in 2003. Imelda Lorena, CEO of Stephanie’s Linens worked in the hospitality industry for over 10 years as a banquet server and captain. Imelda Lorena was inspired to start her event rental and decor company while working under the Marriott Corporation and Westin. Her interest in the event industry sparked after countless banquet setups for weddings, corporate events, birthdays, proms, etc. She felt these events were missing creativity. That is when she decided to invest in chair covers and sashes in a variety of colors. Stephanie’s Linens is named after Lorena and Victor’s daughter Stephanie who was only 9 when the business began and has been involved until now at the age of 21. When Stephanie was only 11 years old, she created the first website for the company with grammar help from one of her teachers and has been the only person allowed to update it or make any changes to the page (www.stephanieslinens.info). With Victor and Stephanie’s support, Lorena became a preferred decor vendor at the hotels she was working for. The family of 3 (now 4) would deliver and setup 1-2 events per weekend. Lorena had to leave her Hotel jobs behind in result of her business growing and clients constantly calling. A few years later, Victor quit his job in landscaping to dedicate himself to the business full time and continue to invest in additional rentals that would add on to their inventory. What started off with a few chair covers and a small team based in Long Beach is now a full service event rental company with 2 showrooms and 30-40 events per week all over the Los Angeles and Orange counties. Today, the business is still operated by the family. Lorena and Victor can be found at the Signal Hill showroom making sure their employees are being productive and everything is running smoothly. Stephanie manages the Irvine showroom and is dedicated to helping clients in Orange County and the surrounding areas. Stephanie’s Linens offers everything from high quality linen to white seamless dance floors for extremely competitive prices in the event industry. The family hopes their business will continue to grow and reach out to people all over Southern California.
Angela Hall is the Owner and Principle Planner and Designer of Hall Occasions. A leading Orange County based full-service special events planning and design company. Recognized for producing some of the most imaginative and luxurious celebrations, Angela has garnered an industry-wide reputation for her widely-published work and unparalleled design portfolio. With over a decade of experience, her unique ability to add a creative and uniquely memorable edge to a brand or special event is what has made her work so recognizable.
After graduating in 2010 from University of Nevada Las Vegas, with a Bachelor’s Degree in Hospitality-Meetings and Events, Angela moved back to Southern CA where she was born and raised, with her husband and baby at the time to raise her children and start her own company after years of training and experience in Las Vegas Hotels and Resorts, wedding venues and convention spaces.
Hall Occasions specializes in weddings, corporate events, social events and intimate gatherings. Whether an estate wedding, beachside wedding, or luxurious ballroom wedding, Hall Occasions passion is to create one of a kind experiences for the bride, groom and their guest both domestically and internationally in any setting. Her attention to detail and love for design is represented in each wedding, or event she produces adding in the couples love story and personalities to their big day. | 2019-04-24T14:10:42Z | https://jamesirvinewedding.com/page.php?groupingID=miscellaneous17 |
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