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What is the sign of the kiwi
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The Sign of the Kiwi, originally called Toll House, is a small café and shop at Dyers Pass on the road between Christchurch and Governors Bay. It was built in 1916–17 by Harry Ell as a staging post and opened as a tearoom and rest house. It has a Category I heritage classification by Heritage New Zealand and is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike. The building was closed some time after the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake and did not open again until 23 January 2017, six years later. Although located within the burned area, the building was not damaged by the 2017 Port Hills fires a month later.
Historical context
Harry Ell in October 1914
Harry Ell was a Member of Parliament (1899–1919) and a Christchurch City Councillor (1903 and 1917–1919). He devoted much of his life to the conservation of bush remnants on the Port Hills on Banks Peninsula, and a key element in his scheme was to make the area accessible to the public. To that end, he proposed a Summit Road that would go along the hilltops, connecting Godley Head with the tops above Akaroa. Whilst most of the public believed that the scenic reserves to be formed were too remote, Ell had a way with landowners and organised some government funding. His usual style was to pay a deposit for land, with the remainder to be raised later. In 1909, he decided to form a Summit Road Scenic Reserve Board to help with the task of establishing his dream, but there was tension over their scope. The board wanted to have influence on policy, but Ell regarded them as a mere fund-raising body. By 1915, Ell had secured 23 reserves in the Port Hills by buying private land, and none of these projects had the board's prior approval.
By the 1930s, the road had been surveyed as far south as the saddle above Pigeon Bay.
Rest houses were envisaged at regular intervals. The first to be built was the Sign of the Bellbird at Kennedy's Bush in 1914. This was the location of the first scenic reserve that Ell managed to get established in 1906. The Sign of the Packhorse, a smaller house on top of the Kaituna Saddle, was the second one to be established in 1916. The Sign of the Kiwi was the third rest house built by Ell. The Sign of the Takahe was the remaining house to be built.
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Originally called Toll House, The Sign of the Kiwi is a small cafe and shop on Dyers Pass between Christchurch and Governors Bay. The building was closed sometime after February 22, 2011, Christchurch earthquake and was reopened on January 23, 2017, six years later.
Harry Ell was a Member of Parliament and Christchurch City Councilor. He devoted most of his life to preserving the scrub remnants of Port Hills on the Banks Peninsula, and one of the critical elements of his plan was to make the area accessible to the public. While most people believed that the natural reserves to be created were far away, Ell had a way with the landowners and organized some government funds. In 1909, he decided to make a Summit Road Scenic Conservation Board to aid in his mission to fulfill his dream, but there needed to be more tension over their scope.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Former Manchester United player Ray Wilkins believes Radamel Falcao has not done enough to earn a permanent deal at the club - and says he looks a shadow of his former self. Falcao, on a season-long loan at Old Trafford from Monaco, has been a huge disappointment having notched just four goals in 20 appearances since moving to the Barclays Premier League. A series of poor performances have seen him left out of Louis van Gaal's side of late and with Monaco expecting a fee for around £40million for the former Atletico Madrid striker in the summer, United face a tough decision over his future. Radamel Falcao has been a disappointment at Manchester United and it looks unlikely that they will sign him . Ray Wilkins cannot see United taking up the option of signing Falcao with the way his form has been . Van Gaal seems so disappointed in the forward that he left him on the bench away at Newcastle United on Wednesday night - even when United were desperate for a goal in the closing stages. And former United midfielder Wilkins feels that Falcao's days are numbered after failing to convince the club to invest even more money in him. 'Falcao has been struggling for goals,' Wilkins told talkSPORT. 'He hasn't shown any type of form that we expected when he arrived at Manchester United.' Falcao chases down a ball at Old Trafford, but he has recently found himself benched by Louis van Gaal . Sunderland defender Patrick van Aanholt gets to grips with Falcao, who has struggled for form in England . The 29-year-old cost Monaco over £40m when signed a year-and-half ago from Atletico Madrid, where he forged a reputation as a goalscorer and netted a hat-trick against Chelsea in the UEFA Super Cup in 2012. But Wilkins says he is nowhere near the standards that he showed at that game in Monaco. 'His form has been very poor in fact, we haven't seen anything like the player who absolutely destroyed Chelsea with Atletico Madrid a few years back,' he said. 'They have already paid a huge loan fee and his wages are extremely expensive. To take him on would require a big fee, I would think they will look elsewhere.' Falcao was at St James' Park for United's trip to face Newcastle United but didn't make it off the bench .
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Radamel Falcao has just four goals in 20 games for Manchester United . The on-loan striker has been a huge disappointment in the Premier League . Former player Ray Wilkins does not believe United will pay up to sign him . Falcao was left on the bench for United's 1-0 win over Newcastle United . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news .
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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An investigation into the 1959 plane crash that killed Buddy Holly and three others could now be reopened after a respected pilot brought forward new factors as to how the aircraft may have gone down. At the time of the crash, the Civil Aeronautics Board ruled the probable cause of the crash was error by the pilot, Roger Peterson, who took off from Mason City to Moorhead, Minnesota, in inclement weather, even though he was qualified. The chartered plane crashed in Iowa not long after takeoff, killing Holly, Peterson, and musicians Ritchie Valens and J.P. Richardson. Now L.J. Coon, an experienced pilot from New England, says a variety of other factors - such as weight and balance calculations, the rate of the plane's climb and descent, fuel gauge readings and the passenger-side rudder - should have been considered, according to The Globe Gazette. Wreck: On February 3, 1959, a light aircraft chartered by Buddy Holly crashed in Clear Lake, Iowa, killing the singer and three others aboard. An investigation into the reasons for the crash - ruled at the time to be pilot - could now be reopened, after a pilot petitioned for other factors to be considered . Fiery: The accident, known as 'The Day the Music Died', that occurred on February 3, 1959, killed rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J. P. 'The Big Bopper' Richardson, as well as the pilot, Roger Peterson . Too young: Buddy Holly was only 22 when he died, with his career only lasting 18 months. He is still considered one of the best musicians of all time . Tragic: The body of one of the three famous rock 'n' roll singers killed in the crash of a single engine bonanza lies a few feet from the wreckage of the plane on February 3, 1959, in Clear Lake, Iowa . The National Transportation Safety Board has agreed to consider reopening the investigation. Coon's motivation was to 'the heroic effort that took place in those 4.9 miles' by the pilot, Peterson, before the plane crashed. The plane had been in the air less than four minutes. Coon received a letter from the NTSB saying they had received his call for a reinvestigation. 'You have gotten our attention. Let us do our due diligence in order to give you a proper answer,' the letter stated. The NTSB will now determine whether or not the submission meets the requirements of a Petition for Reconsideration. History and many other people believe that Peterson was the direct cause of the February 3, 1959 crash. Killed: Buffy Holly, who was one of the most popular entertainers of the 1950's, died in a plane crash in 1959 . In memoriam: A giant pair of glasses marks the place where Buddy Holly died in Clear Lake, Iowa . Gary W. Moore, author of Hey Buddy, a book about Holly's life, told the Globe Gazaette that the Aeronautics Board got it right 56 years ago. 'I think that what (a new investigation) is going to find it is its pretty simple,' Moore said. 'The pilot was unqualified to fly in those conditions and he lost control of the airplane.' Holly, a rockabilly pioneer, was only 22-years-old when he died, with a career lasting 18 months. Despite such a short time, Rolling Stone in 2004 ranked Holly as number 13 on its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time.
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Buddy Holly, 22, killed in the crash on February 3, 1959, in Clear Lake, Iowa . Singers Ritchie Valens, J.P. Richardson and pilot Roger Peterson also died . Crash ruled to be caused by pilot error during inclement weather . Pilot L.J. Coon has petitioned the National Transportation Safety Board . He contends other factors, including weight balance, were overlooked . NTSB now considering to re-investigate .
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Jailed: Craig O'Neill, 26, was caught at his home in Hyde, Greater Manchester, with his victim after her parents tracked him down through Facebook . A paedophile who groomed a 14-year-old schoolgirl with money and presents has been jailed for four years. Craig O'Neill, 26, was caught at his home in Hyde, Greater Manchester, with his victim after her parents tracked him down through Facebook. Police also discovered a vile collection of indecent images of children and extreme pornography on his home computer. O'Neill was jailed for four years after he pleaded guilty to a series of charges including child abduction at Manchester's Minshull Street Crown Court, yesterday. There was no evidence that there was any sexual contact between the pair, but Judge Potter said that O'Neill was 'very close to getting what he desired... sexual gratification'. He said: 'I have no doubt that what you were doing that night were acts that were designed by you to encourage her.' O'Neill, a former chimney sweep, first connected with the girl on Facebook and the pair met twice in June 2013. He gave her £400 in cash on the first occasion then bought her clothing, pyjamas and £100 Ugg boots in Manchester. The girl, who cannot be named, had told her mother that she was meeting a friend at McDonald's but went to O'Neill's house that night where they drank vodka and he smoked cannabis. Andy Smith, prosecuting, said her mother became anxious after she said she wanted to stay out and then turned her phone off. Her mother alerted her friends and a message she had sent to one of them on Facebook revealed her location to be on O'Neill's street. Police officers attended with her mother, but they didn't know his exact address. The girl's parents returned shortly after 6am the next morning and knocked on doors until a neighbour pointed them in the right direction. Found: The schoolgirl's parents used Facebook to track her to O'Neill's home on this Manchester street . Mr Smith said O'Neill answered the door in shorts and a T-shirt and that the girl's parents recognised him from their daughter's Facebook account. He said: 'O'Neill said he had not touched her. Her dad ran upstairs and pushed the bedroom door open. She was there. She was wearing the pyjamas he had bought her.' The police were alerted and O'Neill was arrested. The court heard that in interviews, he accepted that he knew she was 14. Analysis of his computer revealed a collection of indecent images of children and extreme pornography had been downloaded. Following the conviction yesterday, the girl's mother spoke of her terror and issued a chilling warning to parents over the dangers of Facebook. She said: 'She knows now how dangerous the situation was. You never know who people really are on Facebook. Parents should never take their eyes off their children's computer use. 'My daughter is quiet and sensible but not very streetwise. I just cannot understand how this happened under my nose. I cannot forgive myself really. 'I now have control over my daughter's Facebook password. 'I can honestly say I had some sort of guardian angel because I had never seen the guy and I didn't know where he lived but we managed to find him. 'She is a good girl and feels a bit silly by what has happened. She has learned her lesson. She now knows how dangerous it can be to meet people through Facebook. 'She is now going to college and to work in healthcare. The one thing I would say to any parent is to install the GPS software on your children's phone and to make sure they know about the dangers.' Lewis Bretts, defending O'Neill, said: 'He has shown his remorse. He understands how serious these offences are.' O'Neill was ordered to sign the Sex Offenders' Register for life and subjected to a Sexual Offences Prevention Order to monitor his activity on release.
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Craig O'Neill connected with 14-year-old victim on social networking site . He gave her £400 in cash and bought her £100 Ugg boots when they met . On one occasion the schoolgirl told her mother she was meeting a friend . Her mother became suspicious when she stayed late and turned off phone . Tracked her daughter to O'Neill's Manchester home through Facebook . O'Neill pleaded guilty to series of charges including child abduction .
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Where is Jon Rahm from?
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Jon Rahm Rodríguez (born 10 November 1994) is a Spanish professional golfer. He was the number one golfer in the World Amateur Golf Ranking for a record 60 weeks and later became world number one in the Official World Golf Ranking, first achieving that rank after winning the Memorial Tournament in July 2020. In June 2021, Rahm became the first Spanish golfer to win the U.S. Open. In 2023, he won the Masters Tournament, for his second major championship.
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Spain
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Steven Gerrard issued a public apology to his Liverpool teammates and the club’s supporters on Sunday after he was sent off in the defeat to Manchester United at Anfield just 38 seconds after coming on as a half-time substitute. Gerrard, who was facing United for the last time before leaving Liverpool for LA Galaxy, was shown a straight red card by referee Martin Atkinson when he reacted to a challenge from Ander Herrera with a senseless stamp on the Spaniard. United went on to win 2-1 thanks to two goals from Juan Mata as they moved five points clear of their arch-rivals in the race for a Champions League place. Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard spoke to Sky Sports after the match to apologise to team-mates and fans . ‘I’ve let down my teammates and the supporters,’ admitted Gerrard, who now faces a three-match ban. ‘I take full responsibility. I need to accept it, the decision was right. ‘I've been in the game long enough when you do something like that. I don’t know what caused it, probably just a reaction to the initial tackle. ‘I shouldn’t say more about it really, I’ve just come out here to apologise to the dressing-room and supporters.’ Sportsmail expert Jamie Carragher claimed that Gerrard may have been wound up by having to sit on the bench for such a big game before replacing Adam Lallana. Juan Mata (top) was on the receiving end of Gerrard's first robust challenge after coming onto the pitch . Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers refused to castigate the veteran midfielder, and agreed that Liverpool’s insipid first-half performance might have contributed to Gerrard’s red mist. ‘I won’t criticise him because he’s been brilliant in my time here,’ said Rodgers. ‘Sometimes these things happen. ‘My thinking was always to go with the starting team. I had that clear in my mind and spoke with Steven earlier in the week about that. ‘Of course he’s a big-game player, a big impact player. He wanted to come in and it was just unfortunate that he got sent off. Here is the stamp from Gerrard on Herrera after both players had competed for the ball . ‘He was probably a little frustrated watching us in the first half, we didn’t make a tackle. ‘He’s a highly competitive player and he made a great challenge when he first came on – it was probably our first challenge of the game, with all due respect. He wanted to help the team so much. ‘At least he was man enough to come out and make that apology. ‘With Steven it was purely wanting to make the impact. Listen, he’s made his apologies for it. Of course in a big game you suffer when you play with 10 men against 11. ‘It happened, and great respect to the players that were on there that we kept fighting. Games like that, especially when it goes to 2-0 against 10 men, you can get overrun and end up losing more goals.’ Steven Gerrard is shown the red card by referee Martin Atkinson after just 40 seconds of the second-half . Martin Skrtel could also come under scrutiny from the FA if the referee confirms that he did not see an incident at the end in which the Liverpool defender appeared to stamp on United goalkeeper David de Gea. The two players became an embroiled in an ugly confrontation that continued after the final whistle, but Rodgers insisted there was no malice on Skrtel’s part. He added: ‘The ball has been played through and it looks like it when it is slowed down, he has caught him with intent. I didn’t see it like that. ‘He is trying to get the ball. You see his foot up, that is a symbol when a player is just trying to get his toe on the ball because if he does that and the keeper brings him down, it is probably a penalty.’ Liverpool’s first defeat in 14 Premier League games since losing 3-0 at Old Trafford in December puts a big dent in their hopes of beating United to a top-four place. Martin Skrtel (centre) was lucky not to be cautioned for this stamp on United keeper David de Gea . ‘It’s a big challenge,’ admitted Rodgers. ‘But when I looked at the 10 games that were remaining, it was always going to be difficult to win all 10. We built in a loss and some draws. ‘We hoped to win this game against a rival but it is still very much possible. We need to recover and use this as a springboard as we did when we last played them.’ Louis van Gaal described the victory as ‘one of the most important moments in my career’ but refused to write off Liverpool’s chances of qualifying for the Champions League. ‘We beat Liverpool again,’ said Van Gaal. ‘They were in fantastic shape and we beat them with the old weapons – with the pressure on the ball in the first half. ‘Now we are five points ahead of Liverpool, and six ahead of Tottenham and Southampton. To win in this moment is very important – one of the most important moments in my career. ‘But there are still eight matches to go. That’s 24 points. Liverpool can still be champions. When you are a top manager, our player or club – and Liverpool are – you have to deal with defeats. Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers has a difficult afternoon with Steven Gerrard being sent off . ‘We have also dealt with defeats. We lost at home to Arsenal and then we had to play against Tottenham and Liverpool, and you have to manage that. Liverpool can do that also because they have a great manager, great club, great fans.’ United dominated the first half and Mata fired them into a two-goal lead inside an hour. Daniel Sturridge pulled a goal back for the 10 men as Liverpool rallied after Gerrard’s sending-off, but Van Gaal’s side could even afford to see Wayne Rooney have a stoppage-time penalty saved by Simon Mignolet. ‘We played them off the pitch in the first half and scored a fantastic goal and gave nothing away,’ said Van Gaal. ‘It was the best first 45 minutes (of his time in charge of United) because in the second half we were not so good and that’s a little bit amazing because we played 11 against 10. It should be easier than the first half but it was not. Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal (right) congratulates Marouane Fellaini (left) after the 2-1 victory . ‘I came in the dressing-room and gave all my compliments because I was so happy, but then in the second half everything changed because of the red card. Then we weren’t laying like a team anymore. We were running with the ball and losing it unnecessarily. When we didn’t have the ball we didn’t press the opponent. That was different in the first half. ‘Nevertheless, we didn’t give many chances away. David de Gea has saved us a lot of times this season but I couldn’t remember one save in this match.’ Manchester United forward Juan Mata salutes the travelling fans having scored a fine brace at Anfield . Mata has struggled to hold down a first-team place in recent weeks but produced arguably his best performance for United, crowned by a spectacular volley for the second goal. ‘Yes, I think it’s my best game in a United shirt,’ said the Spaniard. ‘It’s a massive game, probably the biggest in English football, so to score two goals is great for me. ‘The second goal has to be up there with my best. After Steven Gerrard was sent off we needed a second goal because they pushed us to the end. ‘It was important for me. The last few months I’ve not had the best moment. It is the manager who decides but I’m happy today.’ Manchester United players celebrate their vital 2-1 win at Anfield against Liverpool on Sunday .
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Liverpool's Steven Gerrard sent off after just 38 seconds on the pitch . Gerrard stamped on Manchester United's Ander Herrera . The Liverpool captain has just come on as a second-half substitute . Liverpool lost the contest 2-1 thanks to a double from Juan Mata .
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Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what popular neural network architecture architecture are they based on?
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A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model
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The Transformer architecture.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Illinois Rep. Aaron Schock billed taxpayers for more than $10,000 on private flights last fall, including a trip on a private jet to a Chicago Bears football game. The flights last November don't include more than a dozen other trips on donors' planes that Schock has paid for out of his House office expenses or campaign funds since joining Congress in 2009. Schock, a 33-year-old Republican representing Peoria, had already been facing scrutiny for using congressional funds to redecorate his Capitol Hill office in the style of the TV show 'Downton Abbey.' He repaid those charges last month out of his own pocket; his office had said it's reviewing other expenses. Rep. Aaron Schockis accused of billing taxpayers for more than $10,000 on private flights last fall that included a trip to a Chicago Bears football game . Schock and his entourage flew in an Eclipse 500 aircraft like this one . The Chicago Sun-Times reported Sunday night that Schock flew from Peoria, Illinois to Chicago to attend a Bears game against the Minnesota Vikings on November 16, 2014 . Overall, according to the paper, he used $20,855 in taxpayer money for the Chicago trip and another to New York in September, where his political action committee spent another $3,000 for tickets to the Global Citizen Festival concert. This week Schock reportedly hired a pair of lawyers to audit his political and legislative operations. Spokesmen for Schock declined to comment to the Sun-Times and the Chicago Tribune, and did not respond to a request from Daily Mail Online. In a statement last week they said a legal team was already poring over 'compliance procedures in his official office, campaign and leadership PAC to determine whether they can be improved.' The football game was part of a longer trip on a chartered six-seat business jet that took off from a civil aviation airport in Manassas, Virginia en route to Peoria on a Friday. The Bears defeated the Vikings but the game may ultimately defeat a congressman . DOWNTON OFFICE: Schock spent $40,000 in taxpayer funds redecorating his Capitol Hill office, but had to pay the money back . The Sunday trip was a sideline before the aircraft returned to Washington, D.C.'s Ronald Reagan National Airport a day later. All the seats were filled, according to pilot Keith Siilats, who told the Sun-Times that Schock's district director Dayne LaHood and three others were aboard. He also said he accompanied the congressman and his group to the football game. He was paid $10,802 for 'commercial transportation' in November, the last month for which numbers are available. 'That whole weekend was paid by the government,' he said. Schock 'called me on Saturday and said "what do you think about’ a Chicago trip?"' Siilats recalled for the paper. Chicago Bears single-game tickets range in cost from $106 to $430. It's not clear who paid for them.
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Illinois Republican used his House office expense budget for more than $10,000 in private flights including the November NFL jaunt . Took his district director, his pilot and three others to see the Bears play the Minnesota Vikings in November . He has had to pay back taxpayers for $40,000 in office renovations styled after 'Downton Abbey'
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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On Sunday Manchester United will travel to Liverpool for their biggest match of their season. It will be a rip-roaring, full-bloodied battle which may well be settled by one moment of magic - an occasion made for those who shine on the biggest stages. And yet last year's Champions League man-of-the-match, a man who also played at the World Cup in Brazil, may well struggle to make Louis van Gaal's starting line-up. Angel di Maria has had a difficult start to life in a Manchester United shirt since arriving from Real Madrid . Di Maria (second right) has suffered a Fernando Torres-eque loss of form that nobody saw coming . Based on ability, Angel di Maria should be a shoo-in. His explosive pace and unnerving eye for a killer pass would seem to be the perfect fit for a 90 minutes in which United may well spend long periods on the back foot, looking to counter. But the skills that made Ed Woodward write Real Madrid a cheque for the best part of £60m have rarely been displayed after Di Maria suffered a Fernando Torres-esque loss of form that nobody saw coming. The promise of an explosive partnership down the left with fellow new boy Luke Shaw had United fans drooling. Louis van Gaal has stuck by his man so far, but he has a big decision to make ahead of Sunday's match . Manchester United travel to Liverpool, and Di Maria may not be in the starting line-up at Anfield . Di Maria, however, did not want to leave Madrid and that is where the problems began. Then came the weather. Mancunian winters, as Roy Keane pointed out, can be hard to endure for those used to sunnier climes. Six hours of grey light a day and continual rain can hammer at the mindset of those not used to it. Di Maria also struggled to adapt to Louis van Gaal's tactical switches. He is not alone in that, and has rarely been given licence to roam up and down the left wing. The problems for Di Maria began when he left Madrid - he was happy there and did not want to leave . Di Maria was sent off in Manchester United's FA Cup clash with Arsenal earlier in March . Van Gaal pointed out that most players do not find their feet until their second season - but try telling that to Chelsea fans who have seen Diego Costa fit seemlessly into Jose Mourinho's Premier League leaders. As if the above were enough to contend with, then came the break-in. Sat at home in a foreign country watching TV with your wife and young daughter when suddenly a quiet night in is interrupted by the terrifying sound of raiders armed with scaffolding poles trying to smash their way into your isolated house. Juan Mata started for Manchester United in Di Maria's absence against Tottenham and impressed throughout . Van Gaal now has to decide whether to stick or twist - Mata (centre) or Di Maria (right) on Sunday? Yes, the thugs were disturbed by the alarm system and made their getaway. But the trauma of that experience must remain. There may have been, and may still be, recurring nightmares. In a state of panic, the Di Marias fled to a city centre hotel with a security team. The family now live high above the ground at a separate city centre apartment. It is safe and it is luxurious but it may well feel like a prison and is not the ideal environment in which to raise a young child. Van Gaal, a family man, knows this. He has given Di Maria compassionate leave and stood by his man after the latest low, a red card for grabbing referee Michael Oliver's shirt in the FA Cup defeat to Arsenal. Di Maria has shown flashes of his potential, scoring four goals in United colours since his arrival in August . Di Maria (right) was all smiles on international duty in September, but his form has been poor for United . In the subsequent victory over Tottenham, for which Di Maria was suspended, United delivered their best 45 minutes of the season. Replacement Juan Mata linked well with Ander Herrera as Van Gaal's side displayed a synchronicity rarely seen this season. The Dutchman now has to decide whether to stick or twist. Mata, for all his qualities, lacks pace. Di Maria is a better player but can he finally deliver when United need him most? With £60m already spent it is a gamble worth taking.
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Manchester United travel to Liverpool for a huge game on Sunday . Louis van Gaal has to decide whether to start out-of-form Angel di Maria . Di Maria has had a difficult start to life in Manchester, particularly after intruders broke into his house while he and his family were there . Based on ability, Di Maria should be in the starting XI, but Van Gaal may decide to start Juan Mata instead of the Argentinian . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news .
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What are the key points that can be extracted regarding antisemitism from the below text?
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In 1998, Ignatz Bubis, a leader of the German Jewish community, pointed to a "spreading intellectual nationalism" that made him fear a revival of German antisemitism. Others point to Germany's growing Muslim population, both the Turkish "guest workers" who began to arrive in the 1950s, and the large wave of migrants from the Muslim countries who arrive during the European migrant crisis that began in 2015. In 2002, the historian Julius Schoeps said that "resolutions by the German parliament to reject antisemitism are drivel of the worst kind" and "all those ineffective actions are presented to the world as a strong defense against the charge of antisemitism. The truth is: no one is really interested in these matters. No one really cares."
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1. A prominent member of the German Jewish community, Ignatz Bubis, expressed his concern about the resurgence of antisemitism in his country in 1998 by pointing to a "spreading intellectual nationalism."
2. Others highlight the rising Muslim population in Germany, which includes both the 1950s-era "guest workers" from Turkey and the massive influx of Muslim refugees during the 2015–2016 European refugee crisis.
3. Julius Schoeps, a historian, stated in 2002 "resolutions by the German parliament to reject antisemitism are drivel of the worst kind and all those ineffective actions are presented to the world as a strong defense against the charge of antisemitism.The truth is: no one is really interested in these matters. No one really cares".
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Alex Song faces an uncertain future after it emerged that West Ham have huge reservations over a permanent deal to sign the midfielder. Song has spent the season on loan at Upton Park from Barcelona, but his form has dramatically dipped in the second half of the season. The former Arsenal midfielder, who has a contract at the Nou Camp until 2017, earns £80,000-a-week. Alex Song faces an uncertain future with West Ham reluctant to sign him permanently when his loan spell ends . Song impressed in the first half of the season at West Ham but his former has significantly dipped of late . West Ham, who were impressed with his early performances for the club, are reluctant to sign him permanently when his loan spell ends because of his wages. Despite a promising start under Sam Allardyce, his recent performances have come under increased scrutiny in the West Ham boardroom. Cameroon midfielder was subbed in two recent heavy defeats but played a full 90 minutes against Sunderland . Despite a promising start under Sam Allardyce, Song may now be sent back to Barcelona at the season's end . He was substituted in the defeat against Crystal Palace earlier this month and also taken off during the 4-0 crushing by West Brom in the FA Cup tie at the Hawthorns in February. Song, 27, played the full 90 minutes of West Ham’s 1-0 win over Sunderland on Saturday, but the Hammers are preparing to send him back to the Nou Camp at the end of the season. Song now faces returning to the Camp Nou where he has found playing opportunities restricted .
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Alex Song faces an uncertain future with West Ham unlikely to sign him . Song, on loan from Barcelona, has seen his form dip after a good start . West Ham are wary of taking on Song's £80,000-a-week wages . CLICK HERE for all the latest West Ham United news .
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Luis Suarez hailed his second-half winner against Real Madrid as 'the most important goal' of his Barcelona career. With 55 minutes on the clock and the scoreline locked at 1-1 after Cristiano Ronaldo had cancelled out Jeremy Mathieu's opener, the Uruguayan trapped a long punt forward by Dani Alves and then arrowed the ball past Iker Casillas to restore Barca's lead at the Nou Camp. Luis Enrique's side went on to dominate the remainder of the game and won 2-1, thus building a four-point advantage at the top of the Primera Division table. Lionel Messi, Adriano, Bartra, Dani Alves, Neymar and Rafinha get suited and booted after the triumph . Goalscoring hero Luis Suarez poses for a pic with fellow frontmen Messi and Neymar after the victory . Luis Suarez fires home the winner past Iker Casillas to send Barcelona on their way to victory . Suarez celebrates scoring the goal that sent Barcelona four points clear at the top of La Liga . The strike was Suarez's 14th in all competitions for Barcelona since he made his £75million move from Liverpool last summer. And the 28-year-old had no doubt this was his most crucial goal for his new club, ranking it above the two he netted against Manchester City in the Champions League last month. 'This is the most important goal I've scored for Barca and it has an extra significance because of the rival we were playing against,' Suarez told Barcelona's official television Channel. 'I just tried to take advantage of the space between defenders and be as fast as I could so I didn't give the centre-backs any time to recover. Luckily it went in. 'The dressing room is very happy, we knew this was a really important game if we wanted to stay top of the league and increase our advantage.' Barca coach Luis Enrique sang the striker's praises after the game, calling the goal 'an action that only few players are capable of'. 'We are very happy that he is a being decisive player for us and we are very happy with his attitude and what he brings to this team,' he said. 'He brings a lot to the team he is not just a classic centre forward, he also links up with his team-mates. He's a player that marvellously compliments the squad we have, and that's why we signed him.' Jeremy Mathieu headed home the opening goal for Barcelona in the first half . Cristiano Ronaldo equalised for Real Madrid but was unable to stamp his authority on the game . Madrid now have 10 weeks to catch up with Barcelona, who have won 19 of their 21 matches in 2015. Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti lamented the fact his side failed to keep a 'cool head' after the break, following their strong performance in the opening 45 minutes. 'We were playing very well until their second goal and from then on the game was very difficult for us,' said the Italian in his post-match press conference. 'Before that we were doing well, we pressed well and were solid at the back. We lacked a cool head to turn the game around, we kept playing long balls and trying to execute difficult passages of play.' This is Ancelotti's third defeat in four league games against Barcelona and, if his side cannot bridge the four-point gap with the Catalans, he will have failed to win the Spanish league title in his first two seasons with Madrid. However, the man who delivered Los Blancos their long awaited 10th European Cup last season dismissed the suggestion his side would now focus their attention on the Champions League, with a quarter-final tie against neighbours Atletico Madrid coming up next month. He said: 'The league is not over, they have the same points advantage that we had before but anything could happen. 'We're not going to give a priority to either competition, the priority for us is the league and the Champions League.'
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Luis Suarez scored the winner as Barcelona beat Real Madrid . Cristiano Ronaldo had earlier cancelled out Jeremy Mathieu's opener . Barca boss Luis Enrique hailed Suarez after his side's victory . He said only a few players could score the type of goal he did . CLICK HERE for all the latest Barcelona news after El Clasico win .
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Hundreds of supporters flocked to the streets of Edinburgh to mark the passing of Dave Mackay, with Sir Alex Ferguson leading the tributes. The former Manchester United manager labelled the ex-Hearts and Tottenham enforcer as 'humble', adding that 'he was the bravest man in the world'. Mackay, who was laid to rest in Edinburgh on Tuesday, died earlier this month at the age of 80 and - according to Ferguson - ought to have earned far more caps for Scotland than he did. Sir Alex Ferguson gave a moving tribute to ex-Tottenham enforcer Dave Mackay at his funeral on Tuesday . Ferguson arriving at Hearts' Tynecastle earlier in the afternoon prior to leading the tributes . Ferguson was in distinguished company, with former Manchester United man Denis Law (back) also present . Supporters lined the streets of Edinburgh to give the former midfielder the send-off he deserved . Pat Jennings (middle) was Tottenham Hotspur's representative at the Mansfield Traquair Centre . The hearse carrying Mackay's coffin was complete with flowers and a football to mark his passing . The cortege leaves Hearts' stadium as the city were given the opportunity to pay their final respects . The order of service for Mackay's funeral . Denis Law, Frank McLintock, Ian St John, Alan Mullery and Bertie Auld also attended his funeral in the Scottish capital, with the cortege leaving from his beloved Tynecastle for a remembrance service in the city. Mackay won all three Scottish domestic honours with Hearts in the 1950s and was a key part of Spurs' famous 1961 double-winning team. He was named Footballer of the Year in both Scotland and England, and also starred for Derby County, where he won the First Division title as manager. 'He was a fantastic player,' Ferguson said. 'They talk about this great courage he had and I think that is unfair. I know he was the bravest man in the world but he was a fantastic footballer, he was skilful. 'His personality, his intensity, his desire to win could make any team. And he proved that by going to Derby County and winning the league as a centre-back. He could play anywhere. 'I thought it was a nice piece in the papers about how he said he didn't enjoy seeing that photograph of him and Billy Bremner portraying him as a bully. He said "I don't like bullies". 'I think that was exactly what Dave Mackay was like. He was a humble person. Humility is embraced by great people and I think Dave Mackay embraced that thoroughly. The iconic image of Mackay confronting Billy Bremner of Leeds during in August 1966 . Manchester City's Mike Summerbee grabs hold of Mackay during a 1968 Division One match . Mackay pictured during a training session at Tottenham's White Hart Lane ground in 1967 . Click here to read Jeff Powell's tribute to Dave Mackay: Enshrined in Tottenham folklore as 'the heartbeat', his iron man demeanour obscured a cultured player adored by the fans he entertained. 'He protected his modesty with the pride only a Scotsman can do. 'His record's fantastic. It's a privilege to speak here today and I think we have seen the passing of a truly great legend.' Mackay won 22 caps for Scotland and began his career with Hearts in 1953. That is something to rankle with Ferguson. 'Scotland was picked by a committee with their heads in the sand. The fact he has only 22 caps tells you [that],' he added. 'Twenty-two caps for a player as good as that. I could never understand that.' A Mackay scarf displayed in the back of a car in respect of the former Scotland international . He captained Hearts to the Scottish League title during the 1957-58 season and joined Spurs in 1959, helping the north London club become the first English side to win the league and FA Cup double during the 1960-61 season. He joined Derby in 1968 and helped Brian Clough's side win promotion to the First Division the following year before taking up a player-manager role at Swindon Town in 1971. A year later Mackay left to manage Nottingham Forest for a brief spell before succeeding Clough as Derby manager in 1973, with the Rams winning the First Division title in 1975. Ferguson recalled the only time he played against Mackay. 'I was playing for Queen's Park reserves against Hearts reserves at Tynecastle and the great Mackay was playing because he was coming back from a broken toe. 'He tackled me and I thought "Christ", but in those days you had to get up no matter what. So I got up, had a look at that big barrel chest of his and he just said "are you all right, son?". 'That was a great memory - the only time I played against Dave Mackay - and I'll never forget it.'
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Dave Mackay's funeral held in Edinburgh on Tuesday . Former Tottenham and Hearts midfielder died earlier this month aged 80 . Ferguson said Mackay was 'humble' and 'modest' Ex-Manchester United boss also questioned why Mackay only managed to earn 22 caps for Scotland .
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Shoppers have found venomous redback spiders hiding in bags of Australian-grown green grapes in four separate instances over the past two weeks. And grape suppliers admit the spiders are difficult to eliminate because they have the ability to hold their breath when sprayed with insecticide. A mother found a spider in a bag of Thompson Seedless grapes she bought at the Woolworths in Thornleigh, in Sydney's northwest, on Thursday. This comes after another man found two redbacks in a bag of grapes he bought at a Gold Coast Woolworths on Tuesday and a woman in Auckland, New Zealand found a redback in a bag of imported Australian grapes she purchased from the Woolworths-owned Countdown supermarket chain less than two weeks ago. Scroll down for video . Gold Coast woman, Leigh Alexander-de Jersey, said she was shocked to find a redback amongst grapes she bought from a fruit shop at Southport Park Shopping Centre on the Gold Coast on Friday . Gold Coast man Mike O'Neill said he found two redbacks in a bag of grapes he bought at the Australia Fair Woolworths at Southport on Tuesday . A mother found a spider in a bag of Thompson Seedless grapes she bought at the Woolworths in Thornleigh, in Sydney's northwest, on Thursday. And another Gold Coast woman, Leigh Alexander-de Jersey, said she was shocked to find a redback amongst grapes she bought from a fruit shop at Southport Park Shopping Centre on the Gold Coast on Friday. 'It wasn't until I had picked it up by a leg and it started to wriggle around and turn that I realised what it was and dropped it real quick,' Ms Alexander-de Jersey told Daily Mail Australia. 'I initially thought it was just a part of the grape stem. 'It had been in the fridge for a few hours prior to me washing them, we think that has possibly slowed it down a bit and luckily for me it was a bit lethargic.' This comes as Gold Coast man Mike O'Neill said he found two redbacks in a bag of grapes he bought at the Australia Fair Woolworths at Southport. A Woolworths spokeswoman said they were investigating the Thornleigh and Southport incidents, but would not reveal the names of the grape suppliers for each supermarket . Auckland woman Debbie Bellingham was forced to call New Zealand's biosecurity hotline after finding a redback spider in a bag of imported Australian grapes she purchased at Woolworths-owned Countdown . 'There was a redback spider crawling on my hand,' Mr O'Neill told the Gold Coast Bulletin. 'I flicked it off – it was a bit comical because I'm absolutely terrified of spiders.' And Auckland woman Debbie Bellingham was forced to call New Zealand's biosecurity hotline after finding a redback spider in a bag of imported Australian grapes she was going feed her three-year-old-daughter, the New Zealand Herald reported. 'My daughter came down to me and goes, "Mummy, there's a funny looking spider in the grapes, it's black and sort of orangey-red,"' Ms Bellingham told the Herald. An Australian grape supplier, who wished to remain anonymous, said redbacks were prevalent in the grape industry but they were very difficult to eliminate. 'The redbacks live on the timber, the wood of the vine,' he said. 'Growers do take every precaution to make sure they're limited by a spraying insecticide, but the unfortunate thing with redbacks is they have the ability to hold their breath for 10 hours. An Australian grape supplier, who wished to remain anonymous, said redbacks were prevalent in the grape industry but they were very difficult to eliminate . 'When they know the insecticide is being sprayed they hold their breath making the insecticide useless.' He said the only thing that definitively kills redbacks is keeping the grapes at freezing temperatures for 24 hours. 'It's something that can't be eliminated it just needs to be heavily scrutinised,' he said. 'Every precaution is taken it's just virtually impossible to eliminate 100 per cent.' Australian Table Grape Association's chief executive Jeff Scott said it was 'not normal' for redbacks to be found amongst grapes. 'That's disappointing and unexpected… that shouldn't happen,' Mr Scott said. Australian Table Grape Association's chief executive Jeff Scott said it was 'not normal' for redbacks to be found amongst grapes. Shoppers have found venomous redback spiders hiding in bags of Australian-grown green grapes in four separate instances over the past two weeks . 'That's disappointing and unexpected… that shouldn't happen,' Mr Scott said. A Woolworths spokeswoman said they were investigating the Thornleigh and Southport incidents, but would not reveal the names of the grape suppliers for each supermarket. 'We are looking into these incidents and will be in touch with our supplier to ensure they are following the correct quality processes,' she said. 'We source our grapes from a number of suppliers.' A Countdown spokeswoman would not release the names of the supermarket's grape suppliers. 'We source green grapes from a number of growers in Australia and also from the market here in New Zealand,' she said. 'We generally don't disclose the information of individual suppliers as it's commercially sensitive.'
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Shoppers have found venomous redbacks in bags of green grapes . A woman found a spider in a grapes from Woolworths in Thornleigh, NSW . Two redbacks were hiding in a bag from Woolworths in Southport, QLD . A second shopper found a redback in grapes from a Southport fruit shop . A New Zealand woman found a redback in imported Australian grapes .
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A filmmaker and Playgirl 'Man Of The Year' centerfold model who made waves when he came out as gay has died. Dirk Shafer, 52, was found dead in his car in West Hollywood on Thursday after a possible heart attack, Deadline reports. He became a pioneering mouthpiece on the subject of gay lifestyle and the heated circuit club scene in the 1990s. Man Of The Year: Dirk Shafer, 52, was Playgirl's 1992 Man Of The Year before he came out as gay and spoke out about the pressures on men to appear straight. He has been found dead in his car in West Hollywood . A fixture of Hollywood, and trainer to the stars, Shafer rubbed shoulders with the likes of Joan Rivers . Will & Grace star Eric McCormack paid tribute to his friend, gym buddy and one-time co-star Shafer on Twitter . Among those to pay tribute was Will & Grace star Eric McCormack, who trained with Shafer. He wrote: 'Lost a good man today. #DirkShafer dear pal and awesome trainer for 17 years. Sending love to his family and so many friends. Be at peace, D' Satirizing the need to appear 'straight' in his modeling career, Shafer directed, wrote and starred in the acclaimed mockumentary Man Of The Year in 1995. Later in life: Shafer went on to make two acclaimed movies, dabbled in acting and physically trained stars . Six years later, his movie about the gay club scene, Circuit, was awarded Best Film at the Coachella Valley Music And Arts Festival. Illinois-born Shafer later landed a role as Blaze on the hit sitcom Will & Grace, before becoming a fitness trainer in Hollywood. His celebrity clients at Swapoutworkout included Katy Perry, Richard Dreyfuss, and Tiffanni Thiessen. In 2012, Shafer posed naked once more for Playgirl to mark 20 years since his centerfold.
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Dirk Shafer, 52, was Playgirl's Man Of The Year then came out as gay . He made mockumentary Man Of The Year about pressures on gay men . Found dead in his car on Thursday, gossip sites suggest heart attack . Tributes on Twitter include one from Will & Grace star Eric McCormack .
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From the following passage, extract the device used to shoot this film.
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High Flying Bird is a 2019 American sports drama film directed by Steven Soderbergh, from a story suggested by André Holland, with the screenplay by Tarell Alvin McCraney. The film stars Holland, Zazie Beetz, Melvin Gregg, Sonja Sohn, Zachary Quinto, Glenn Fleshler, Jeryl Prescott, Justin Hurtt-Dunkley, Caleb McLaughlin, Bobbi Bordley, Kyle MacLachlan and Bill Duke, with additional appearances of basketball players Reggie Jackson, Karl-Anthony Towns and Donovan Mitchell. The film follows a sports agent who must pull off a plan in 72 hours, pitching a controversial opportunity to his client, a rookie basketball player during the company’s lockout. The film was shot entirely on the iPhone 8, becoming Soderbergh's second film to be shot on an iPhone, after Unsane.
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High Flying Bird is a 2019 American sports drama film that was shot on the iPhone 8.
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An escaped inmate has been found in a nearby hot tub after escaping from custody in Los Angeles. Arturo Valenzuela, 23, was working outside at Lomita Sheriff's Station when he was given a warning for breaking rules and decided to hop over a wall and run away at around 2.30pm Sunday afternoon. The inmate, who was arrested for burglary, was found at 5pm hiding in a Jacuzzi about half a mile away from the station. Arturo Valenzuela, 23, was found in a Jacuzzi partly filled with water after escaping from Lomita Sheriff's Station . Valenzuela was wearing a yellow jumpsuit and working outside when he hopped over a wall at the Lomita Sheriff's Station (pictured) after being warned for breaking rules . The Jacuzzi was covered and only partly filled with water, according to NBC Los Angeles. Valenzuela was wearing a yellow jumpsuit when he suddenly took off from the station. '[He] decided he no longer wanted to be incarcerated with us and took off over the west wall," said sheriff's Sgt. Paul Creason told ABC 7. The search for the escaped inmate included police dogs and a helicopter, though Valenzuela was ultimately found only two streets over from the facility he left. He injured his ankle during the ordeal and was treated at a local hospital. Valenzuela is being held of $100,000 bail for escape charges, in addition to his original burglary charge. The escaped burglary suspect made it about half a mile from the sheriff's station before police caught him . A search with dogs and a helicopter was conducted around the sheriff's station (pictured) before Valenzuela was found nearby in a hot tub . After being re-arrested Valenzuela is being held of $100,000 bail for escape charges, in addition to his original burglary charge .
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Arturo Valenzuela, 23, escaped from Lomita Sheriff's Station while working . Inmate was found in hot tub half a mile away after 2.5 hour search . Valenzuela now faces escape charges in addition to original burglary case .
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The clocks have gone forward so it's time to make the most of the longer days. We reveal where you can explore remote islands surrounded by turquoise waters, eat your way through top food festivals and join a Tudor knees-up to celebrate the Bard... Some of England's most magnificent and exotic greenery can be found at Westonbirt Arboretum . BROADSTAIRS . It you're a food fanatic looking for delectable local produce, look no further than the Broadstairs Food Festival from April 4 to 6. You can browse 50 stalls showcasing the best local produce from the Kent coast, tasting everything from Kentish blue cheese to locally distilled sloe gin. Later in the month, stomachs will be rumbling in Exeter, when more than 100 local food producers fill the streets for three days of foodie heaven from April 24 to 26. In between the eating and drinking, make time for one of the cooking demonstrations and workshops hosted by well-known chefs. STRATFORD-UPON-AVON . Enjoy a literary knees-up in Stratford-upon-Avon . Pull on your ruff for a literary knees-up as the town celebrates William Shakespeare's birthday with a weekend of celebrations. The annual street party, which has been taking place for more than 100 years, is held on the nearest weekend to April 23 - the Bard's birthday and also the day he died. With a packed programme of historical-themed events and costumed characters parading in front of original timber-framed buildings, it will feel as if you've skipped back in time. BOURNEMOUTH . Escape to Dorset's cosmopolitan seaside town on a midweek holiday with Shearings. With its vast stretches of golden sands and luscious gardens, Bournemouth makes an idyllic base for a coach tour. You'll take day trips to the cities of Portsmouth and Salisbury to discover historical gems and will spend time in the charming town of Lyndhurst in the New Forest before heading back to the Majestic Hotel in Bournemouth each night for dinner and evening entertainment. GLOUCESTERSHIRE . Some of England's most magnificent and exotic greenery can be found at Westonbirt Arboretum, just 40 minutes from Bath. Once a wealthy Victorian's pleasure park, it is now owned by the Forestry Commission and is home to some of the rarest trees in the world, including a few that smell like candyfloss. Take a guided walk with a knowledgeable volunteer, wander among the towering trees that cover 600 acres of countryside and head to Savill Glade and Circular Drive to admire spring flowers. Walks take place on Saturdays, Sundays, Wednesdays and bank holidays. ISLES OF SCILLY . Spot dolphins, head for a wild food foraging walk and join a local artist for beachcombing in the Isles of Scilly . With clear, warm waters, white-sand beaches and towering palm trees, the Isles of Scilly are England's tropical paradise. Visit between April 11 and 17 when more than 20 themed walks are held across the islands for Walk Scilly 2015. Spot dolphins, head out on a wild food foraging walk and join a local artist for beachcombing.
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For delicious food, try the Broadstairs Food Festival from April 4 to 6 . Celebrate William Shakespeare's birthday on 23rd April . Escape to Dorset's cosmopolitan seaside town, Bournemouth . With clear, warm waters the Isles of Scilly are England's tropical paradise . For more spring ideas, see visitengland.com .
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Paul Murray admits the new Rangers regime is still waiting to see whether Mike Ashley will send two of his men onto the board. The Ibrox interim chairman confirmed the terms of the initial £5million loan taken from Sports Direct by the previous hierarchy means Ashley retains the right to appoint directors. Murray insists Rangers now have no need for any further money from the Newcastle United owner, having this week instead secured a £1.5m loan from the Three Bears consortium to cover short-term needs. Newcastle owner Mike Ashley holds an eight per cent stake in Rangers and loaned the club £5m . However, he hopes to have talks with Ashley once a wider review of existing commercial deals with Sports Direct – who own 75 per cent of the club’s retail subsidiary – is complete. ‘We’ve had no discussions with Mike Ashley or Sports Direct so far but, as we have said before, we are happy to engage with them and feel we should do,’ Murray told Rangers TV. ‘They are an eight per cent shareholder and have financial arrangements with the club. We need to have that conversation pretty soon, but as yet we’ve had no discussions with them. ‘Mike Ashley does have the right to nominate two board members. It would be to the main public company, the International Football Club, and he has got rights under the first £5m loan to do that. ‘He’s showed no intention of doing it so far but he has the right to do it if he wants to - and we’d have to address that if and when he chooses to do that. Interim chairman Paul Murray (left) will have discussions with Ashley about his involvement at Ibrox . ‘I think, as Dave King was saying, one of the big information-gathering exercises was to look at the whole relationship between Sports Direct and the club. ‘There are a lot of relationships and there is a lot of documentation to go with those and we have spent the last three weeks looking at all of that. ‘We haven’t finished that review yet. I think once we have done that we will sit down, hopefully with Sports Direct and Mike Ashley, and try and agree a way forward.’ King has held off from becoming a director but intends to step into the chairman’s role providing he passes the SFA’s 'fit and proper’ person test. ‘The processes regarding both mine and Dave’s fit and proper persons test are pretty advanced,’ added Murray. Prospective chairman Dave King (right) has to pass the SFA’s ‘fit and proper’ person test . ‘We have said, and we will honour the fact, that we want to rebuild the relationship with all the governing bodies and we have to respect their processes and procedures.’ Murray also insisted he wants to help build a ‘modern Rangers upon traditional foundations’. He said: ‘People have spoken about having Rangers men on the board and getting back to a Rangers way of doing things but I think we also need to be a bit more forward-thinking. ‘I am looking a lot at this moment at the structure of various clubs and trying to get a sense of what would work at Rangers because there are different structures around Europe and even in Britain. ‘For example, the structure at Barcelona might not be appropriate for the structure at Rangers and we need to look at that kind of thing.’
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Rangers took a £5million loan from Sports Direct to help cover costs . As part of agreement Mike Ashley can name two board members at Ibrox . Rangers took £1.5m loan from Three Bears consortium earlier this week . Interim chairman Paul Murray will have discussions with Ashley .
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Most infections are caused by bacteria on the patient's skin entering the surgical wound . Scientists in the U.S. have devised an implant in a tiny silk 'purse' that kills infections after surgery and then dissolves in the body. Up to four in 100 people undergoing surgery in the UK will develop an infection, and this can prolong hospital stays by as much as nine days. Surgical wound infections are the leading cause of hospital readmissions after operations, according to a study published last month. Most infections are caused by bacteria on the patient's skin entering the surgical wound. The most common culprits are Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, responsible for 20 per cent of surgical site infections, coagulase negative staphylococcus, and enterococcus bacteria. The infection can usually be treated with antibiotics but sometimes patients need more complex treatment, including further surgery. The new implant uses heat to kill off bacteria. It consists of a tiny, magnesium coil wrapped in a pocket of silk protein, and is implanted during surgery - if the patient later shows sign of infection, the implant can be switched on using a remote control. This raises the temperature of the coil. The silk protein protects the coil - both harmlessly dissolve in the body over the next fortnight. This is an improvement on previous medical implant devices, which are made from non-degradable materials that need to be removed. Researchers at Tufts University have used the implant in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, raising its temperature for two periods of ten minutes. Within 24 hours the tissue was infection-free. The device, including the coil, completely dissolved after 15 days. 'This is an important step forward for the development of on-demand medical devices that can be turned on remotely,' the researchers said. 'These wireless strategies could help manage post-surgical infection, for example, or pave the way for eventual "wi-fi" drug delivery.' The team has also carried out experiments using remote control to deliver antibiotics to treat E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Stella Vig, consultant vascular and general surgeon at Croydon University Hospital, said: 'This is an exciting new concept and an innovative tool against the war of surgical site infection. This new purse could allow a reduction of bacterial load with an implantable device . The concept of reducing bacterium within the tissues and thereby reducing risk of infections is not new, and was previously achieved by deploying antibiotic beads within the tissues. These required retrieval and therefore are not used routinely. 'This new device would allow a reduction of bacterial load with an implantable device, which then disappears without the need for surgery to remove it. 'Surgical site infections are costly as they increase the length of stay for patients and can lead to further surgery.' Meanwhile, a team at the University of South Florida has developed a new antibiotic to fight the superbug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA, which kills thousands of people worldwide each year. The bug is a form of Staphylococcus aureus which does not respond to the usual antibiotics. The new treatment is based on a class of drugs called quinazolines, which have been used in treating malaria and cancer. They have recently been shown to act on bacteria, too. 'In recent years, MRSA has become resistant to vancomycin, our most valuable treatment option against staphylococcal infections,' said Dr Lindsey N. Shaw, whose team developed the new drugs. 'Bacterial disease remains the second-leading cause of death globally, especially among children and the elderly. 'We need new drugs to fight these infections.'
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Surgical wound infections are the leading cause of hospital readmissions . New tiny silk 'purse' that kills infections after surgery is being trialled . Has been used successfully in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus .
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I can remember so clearly visiting the hospital to see Kell Brook the day after that horrific knife attack in Tenerife. As soon as I walked in I looked into his eyes and I knew exactly what he was thinking - is it all over? The wound was horrific, some 38 staples virtually holding his thigh together. I couldn’t believe it, only weeks before we had been celebrating the biggest moment of his career when he dethroned welterweight sensation Shawn Porter in his back yard to capture the IBF welterweight title. Suddenly we are sitting there waiting to find out if he would ever be able to enter a ring again. The doctor’s analysis wasn’t great - she said with the right rehab there was a decent chance he could fight again but he would not be able to perform in the same way in and out of the ring. She couldn’t have been more wrong. Kell Brook performs at a media workout ahead of the first defence of his world title against Jo Jo Dan . Brook at home shortly after he was stabbed (left) and showing his scar (right) on the week of his fight . Over the last few months Kell Brook has shown the heart of a lion. No one really gets to see the struggle he went through - dressing the wound, struggling to walk at first, the endless hours of rehab and massage and this is all before the camp got underway. What we have now, just days away from the first defence of his IBF welterweight title is an elite level fighter, someone who I believe can go on and unify the 147lb division and someone who is in devastating form, ready to make a statement to the world in front of his home fans. Saturday in Sheffield is going to be an emotional night. No one has taken Jo Jo Dan for granted - he has earned the right to challenge Kell as the No 1 and mandatory challenger - a position Kell was in not so long ago. He is confident and full of hope to become world champion but he has a wounded lion in front of him who is ready to bite. It will be an awkward fight. Jo Jo is a southpaw who comes on strong late in fights. Another challenge for Kell will be handling the emotions of the situation in front of 10,000 people. But I believe in Kell. I think he has to impose himself early and I suspect he’ll produce a devastating performance with a stoppage somewhere in the middle rounds. We’ll see. Dan has earned his shot at Brook after becoming the mandatory challenger for his IBF world title . There are some huge plans ahead for Kell Brook but for now it’s all about Saturday. Live on Sky Sports and live on Showtime in the US - finally he gets his chance to get his big homecoming. It’s going to be some night. Fight fans can tune into a packed bill from 7.30pm - Frankie Gavin makes his Matchroom debut against Bogdan Mitic ahead of his massive fight with Chris Van Heerden on May 9 in Birmingham and Gavin McDonnell continues his fairlytale career battling Ukraine’s Alexander Yegorov for the vacant European title. Big-punching Sheffield middleweight Adam Etches could be in a fight of the year contender with Sergei Khomitsky, who dismantled London super-middleweight Frank Buglioni in his last visit to the UK. Kal Yafai, Charlie Edwards and Stephen Smith are also in action. Adam Etches (above) takes on Sergei Khomitsky in what promises to be an intriguing fight in Sheffield . Last week we announced a huge show for May 30 at the O2 in London. After his destruction of Daniel Estrada at the same venue earlier this Year, Kevin Mitchell will go toe to toe with three-weight world champion Jorge Linares. That fight, for the Venezuelan’s WBC world lightweight title, is going to be an absolute cracker. It is a real 50-50 fight. It is going to be a huge night of boxing in the capital, a year after that massive occasion at Wembley. The Welsh Mayweather, Lee Selby, is fighting Evgeny Gradovich for the IBF featherweight title and that is another fight that could go either way. Lee is so talented. Kevin Mitchell (left) will challenge for Jorge Linares' world title when he takes on the WBC champion in May . Anthony Joshua is on the bill against Kevin Johnson, a loud American with some real talent. People ask me about AJ and how he is recovering after the stress fracture in his back. I watched him sparring in a three-hour session last week and he is looking devastating. I left that day feeling more convinced than ever that this guy is going to be the world heavyweight champion. He will fight first on April 4 in Newcastle and I will make an announcement on his opponent in the coming days. I will meet Barry McGuigan and Carl Frampton’s team in London today as we work towards making the fight everyone wants to see between Carl and Scott Quigg. Two world champions from Britain in the same division – they simply have to fight. I have submitted my proposal to them and am waiting to hear what they have from their side. I feel we need to make progress now. The hope is for a summer fight, possibly on June 20. But all dates, venues and purse splits can’t be decided until we know where we are going with the broadcaster. I think we need to reach some kind of agreement soon, probably the next two or three weeks, if we are to get this fight on in the summer. It really is the fight people want to see. Carl Frampton (left) and Scott Quigg look set to unify their super-bantamweight world titles this summer . I should know in the next 24 hours what date James DeGale will fight Andre Dirrell for the IBF super-middleweight world title vacated by Carl Froch. Contrary to rumours stateside, it will most likely be in mid to late May on the US east coast.
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People haven't seen how much Kell Brook has had to suffer . I back him to beat Jo Jo Dan by stoppage in the middle rounds . I will meet Team Frampton on Wednesday to discuss Scott Quigg fight . James DeGale-Andre Dirrell will likely be in May on US east coast . It will take more than a fractured back to stop Anthony Joshua . He has looked vicious in sparring ahead of his return next weekend .
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It will be trebles all round on Sunday night when two of the most expensive forward lines of all time come face to face in the Camp Nou – Barcelona’s three-pronged attack of Luis Suarez, Neymar and Leo Messi up against Real Madrid trio Cristiano Ronaldo, Gareth Bale and Karim Benzema. Carlo Anceotti’s threesome have the edge so far this season having scored 56 goals between them — one more than Luis Enrique’s attack. But with Luis Suarez missing the first two months of the season and Messi out of form before the turn of the year, there is a feeling that the Barcelona strike-force gave their Madrid counterparts a head start and are about to go past them. There is also a feeling at a club that has a history of brilliant front threes that this particular Barcelona group could finish up being the best ever. Lionel Messi, Luis Suarez and Neymar Jnr have netted 55 La Liga goals between them this season . Messi has hit top form for the La Liga leaders after enduring a difficult start to the season . It was in the 2008-09 season that Thierry Henry, Samuel Eto’o and Messi scored 100 goals between them in one campaign with the former Arsenal striker scoring 26, Eto’o 36 and Messi 38. Henry was at the Nou Camp on Wednesday to cover Barcelona’s victory over Manchester City for Sky and went down to the Barcelona dressing room after the game to congratulate the players who could yet break that scoring record this season. Following the Henry/Eto’o/Messi forward line came the Messi/David Villa/Pedro one that also won a European Cup against Manchester United. They scored 98 goals in the 2010-11 season with Messi getting 53, Villa 23 and Pedro 21. Cristiano Ronaldo, Gareth Bale and Karim Benzema have scored 56 league goals between them this season . In the 2008-09 campaign Barca's front three of Thierry Henry, Samuel Eto'o and Messi scored 100 goals . Both attacks had a tendency to come good in the Clasico and Henry played in one of the most famous Real Madrid-Barcelona games in 2009 with Barca winning 6-2 at the Bernabeu, Henry and Messi both scoring twice. On Sunday it is the Barcelona three who are in the best form, although none of them could get past Joe Hart on Wednesday. Real Madrid’s ‘BBC’ forward line are a little more out of sorts with Benzema, Bale and Cristiano having scored five each since the turn of the year. Tomorrow at the home of their biggest rivals would be the perfect time and place to alter the trend once more.
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Barcelona play Real Madrid at Nou Camp on Wednesday in crucial Clasico . Showdown is being billed as Barca's front three vs Real's attacking trio . Lionel Messi, Luis Suarez and Neymar have scored 55 goals between them . Cristiano Ronaldo, Gareth Bale and Karim Benzema have one more . Barcelona attacking trio could become the club's best ever forward line .
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(CNN)Nineteen-year-old Tony Robinson was not armed when a Madison, Wisconsin, police officer fatally shot him, Police Chief Mike Koval said Saturday. "We have to be clear about this," Koval said. "He was unarmed. That's going to make this all the more complicated for the investigators, the public, to accept, to understand ... why deadly force had to be used." The officer who killed Robinson, 12-year department veteran Matt Kenny, had used deadly force before, shooting and killing a man in 2007, the chief said. Kenny was exonerated of any wrongdoing and even received a commendation, the chief said, adding that the incident was "concluded to be a suicide by cop" situation. Kenny was responding Friday evening to a reported disturbance at a Madison residence when Robinson attacked him, Koval said. Robinson had a criminal history, according to the state of Wisconsin public records. These records were first reported by the Wisconsin State Journal newspaper. Wisconsin Circuit Court documents indicate that Robinson pleaded guilty in December of last year to an armed robbery that occurred April 25, 2014. The Madison Police Chief said that Robinson was unarmed, but his officer was assaulted and an investigation is underway. Koval, on Saturday, refused to comment on Robinson's past police criminal history or past interactions. In a press conference, he stated, "I could but I choose not to. I am not here to do a character workup on someone who lost his life less than 24 hours ago." "I frankly think it is, for our purposes today, wholly inappropriate and I am not going to blemish anyone's character particularly someone's as young as his," Koval said. But he also said that the public records were available to all. After the shooting, protesters in the university town took to the streets and converged on City Hall, chanting "Black lives matter." Koval called for calm, while acknowledging the protests are reminiscent of those that followed the deaths of black men in Ferguson, Missouri, and Staten Island, New York, after confrontations with police. Police described Robinson as African-American. "In light of so much things that have happened not just across the country, but in our own community, it's understandable that the reaction at the scene and of some of our citizens is extremely volatile, emotional and upsetting," the police chief told CNN affiliate WKOW-TV. "And we understand that. That's absolutely appropriate under these circumstances. We would urge, obviously, that everyone exercise restraint." Koval said he visited the home of Robinson's mother late Friday and met Robinson's grandparents outside the house. They talked and prayed, the chief said, but they advised him to put off visiting Robinson's mother "based on the dynamics" of the situation. "I couldn't even begin to get my hands around the enormity of the loss and the tragic consequences," he said. "Nineteen years old is too young." Robinson's mother, Andrea Irwin, told CNN affiliate WKOW that she didn't understand what happened. "My son has never been a violent person, never," she said. "To die in such a violent way baffles me." Irwin said Robinson served as a father figure to her other children. "He was our caretaker and so gentle," she said. The incident started when authorities got a call that a black male was yelling and jumping in front of cars, Koval said. Dispatchers identified him as Robinson, according to 911 audio obtained by WKOW. A little later the dispatcher says, "Apparently Tony hit one of his friends, um no weapons seen." About four minutes later, the dispatcher says, "I got another call for the same suspect at [the same address]. He tried to strangle another patron." About 30 seconds later, an unidentified officer says, "Shots fired, shots fired." When Kenny went to the apartment, he heard some commotion and forced his way in, Koval said. "Once inside the home the subject involved in this incident -- the same one allegedly out in traffic and that had battered someone -- assaulted my officer," Koval said. After that, according to the chief, "The officer did draw his revolver and subsequently shot the subject." Backup officers and others at the scene performed CPR on the young man, who later died at the hospital. Kenny suffered a blow to the head, but is being treated and will be released, Koval said. Kenny has been placed on administrative leave with pay. Koval said he's not sure what Robinson was doing at the house in the first place. "His relationship to the home is unclear to me, although there were certainly familiar acquaintances. This was not a random place. He had hung out." In a statement Saturday, state Attorney General Brad Schimel said he "can only imagine the heartbreak" of Robinson's parents and added he's "concerned for the officer ... who, I imagine, is experiencing great trauma as well." "They are all in my thoughts and prayers," Schimel said. Under Wisconsin law, officer-involved shootings are investigated by an outside agency, in this case the Division of Criminal Investigation. Once DCI completes the investigation, the report will go to the local district attorney, Koval said. Some were demanding answers sooner rather than later. On Friday night, dozens of demonstrators came out to the area around the apartment, which police had blocked off. A group also moved toward City Hall before dispersing early Saturday. "Who do we trust?" some called out, prompting the response, "No one!" And in another refrain, they chanted, "Black lives matter." The protesters' sentiments were echoed online, where some adopted the #WillyStreet hashtag in reference to Williamson Street, where the shooting happened. "Praying for Madison tonight," wrote one activist. "Stand up, sit in, walk out - until u get answers. And until there are no more hashtag eulogies." Mayor Paul Soglin spoke to the raw feelings, calling what happened "an enormous tragedy." "We've got a family that's really hurting," Soglin said, according to WKOW. "And we've got a city and neighborhood that's feeling pretty well hurt itself." Some of the protesters were members of the Young, Gifted and Black Coalition that was formed last summer after the Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson. The group wants more reactive policing in African-American neighborhoods, said group member Brandi Grayson. She said Madison police park on street corners in African-American neighborhoods and wait for something to happen, which leads to residents being hassled. That doesn't happen in white neighborhoods, she said. She said Young, Gifted and Black will be working with church groups on Sunday and will hold more rallies Tuesday and Wednesday. CNN's Faith Karami and Kristina Sgueglia contributed to this report.
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Tony Robinson, 19, was unarmed when an officer killed him, police chief says . Officer has been involved in a fatal shooting on duty in 2007, chief says . Robinson had a prior conviction for armed robbery .
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According to this text, when did Disney become a public company?
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Disney is one of the biggest and best-known companies in the world, and has been ranked number 53 on the 2022 Fortune 500 list of biggest companies in the United States by revenue. Since its founding, the company has won 135 Academy Awards, 26 of which have been awarded to Walt. The company has been said to have produced some of the greatest films of all time, as well as revolutionizing the theme park industry. Disney has been criticized for supposed plagiarism, depicting racial stereotypes in the past, and both including and lacking LGBT-related elements in its films. The company, which has been public since 1940, trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) with ticker symbol DIS and has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. In August 2020, just under two-thirds of the stock was owned by large financial institutions.
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According to this text, Disney became a publicly listed company on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1940 with the ticker symbol DIS.
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(CNN)It's the Internet bromance that's electrified China. Two men from different worlds — a BuzzFeed editor from New York and a man in southern China known as "Brother Orange" — have united dramatically after social media helped them bond over a stolen iPhone. Matt Stopera, 27, was greeted with bouquets of flowers, hordes of photographers and screaming fans as he arrived in Meizhou, southern China Wednesday, embracing Li Hongjun -- a restaurant owner who somehow came across the iPhone that Stopera lost in New York over a year ago. Li doesn't speak English and Stopera doesn't speak Chinese — but Chinese social media users are convinced they are soul mates. The star-crossed pair first connected when Stopera noticed strange photos in his iCloud image gallery of a man taking selfies with an orange tree. Confused, Stopera took to the Internet to see if anyone knew who the mysterious man was. The story went viral in China, where Internet users banded together to search for the stranger, who they nicknamed Brother Orange. That man was Li, from Guangdong province, who was snapping pics with Stopera's old iPhone without realizing the photos were being uploaded to the BuzzFeed writer's cloud account. With the mystery solved, thousands of Chinese Internet users demanded a "happy ending" and clamored for the two men to meet. Brother Orange made the first move. "Matt, I welcome you to come to Meizhou and try some local food," he said on Weibo, China's microblogging platform. That post was "liked" over 12,000 times. Matt quickly accepted. "Everybody wants me and Brother Orange to unite," he told CNN last month. While Stopera waited for his visa to be approved, the two swapped messages -- Stopera began learning Mandarin phrases, while Brother Orange posted videos of himself learning English. But when they finally met, the smiles and hugs said it all. According to images posted to social media, the two spent their first hours in China eating noodles and walking around tourist sites. They also planted a tree together. Chinese Internet users were over the moon. "Matt crossed the ocean to meet you, how touching!" said one. "It really is an international bromance." Another put it simply: "I wish you a happy ever after." CNN's Shen Lu contributed reporting.
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BuzzFeed editor Matt Stopera has arrived in China to meet "Brother Orange" The two connected after "Brother Orange" ended up with Stopera's stolen iPhone . Chinese Internet users are convinced the two are soul mates .
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From the passage list down the materials used to prepare boomerang. List the results in comma separated format.
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A boomerang is a throwing stick with aerodynamic properties, traditionally made of wood, but also of bone, horn, tusks and even iron. Modern boomerangs used for sport may be made from plywood or plastics such as ABS, polypropylene, phenolic paper, or carbon fibre-reinforced plastics.
Boomerangs come in many shapes and sizes depending on their geographic or tribal origins and intended function. Many people think only of the traditional Australian type, although today there are many types of more easily usable boomerangs, such as the cross-stick, the pinwheel, the tumble-stick, the Boomabird, and many other less common types.
An important distinction should be made between returning boomerangs and non-returning boomerangs:
Returning boomerangs fly, and are examples of the earliest heavier-than-air human-made flight. A returning boomerang has two or more aerofoil section wings arranged so that when spinning they create unbalanced aerodynamic forces that curve its path into an ellipse, returning to its point of origin when thrown correctly. Their typical L-shape makes them the most recognisable form of boomerang. Although used primarily for leisure or recreation, returning boomerangs are also used to decoy birds of prey, thrown above the long grass to frighten game birds into flight and into waiting nets. Non-traditional, modern, competition boomerangs come in many shapes, sizes and materials.
Non-returning boomerangs, throwing sticks, valari, or kylies, are primarily used as weapons. They lack the aerofoil sections, are generally heavier and designed to travel as straight and forcefully as possible to the target to bring down game. The Tamil valari variant, of ancient origin and mentioned in the Tamil Sangam literature "Purananuru", was one of these. The usual form of the Valari is two limbs set at an angle; one thin and tapering, the other rounded as a handle. Although valaris come in many shapes and sizes they are usually made of cast iron cast from moulds. However, some may have wooden limbs tipped with iron or with lethally sharpened edges or with special double-edged and razor-sharp daggers known as kattari.
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wood, bone, horn, tusks, iron, plywood, plastics such as ABS, polypropylene, phenolic paper, carbon fibre-reinforced plastics
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(CNN)Everywhere you look there are two-wheeled drivers waiting ominously for passengers to hop on board. They're the backbone of public transport in Uganda and the fastest way to get around the capital city, Kampala. The boda boda motorbike taxi is a staple used by all sectors of society. Traditionally, the usual way of catching a ride was to venture into any street corner packed with tens of boda bodas or simply waiting for one to pass by. But now, a new local startup are bringing this classic mode of transport into the technological age by providing the ability to hail a boda boda at the click of a smartphone. "Bodas are the main thing getting people from A to B," says Alastair Sussock, co-founder of SafeBoda, "and we're trying to professionalize this transportation in the city." The motorbike taxis have their greatest popularity globally in Uganda, with over 80,000 riding the streets of Kampala, according to Sussex who wants to seize upon the country's burgeoning young population. Uganda has more than 24% of the population aged between 10 and 19 years old, according to UNICEF -- and Sussock wants them to get on their bikes. "Young people use smartphones in Kampala and it's one of the youngest countries in the world," he says. For now, the Uber-like startup operates mainly in the northern districts of Kampala, where a click on the SafeBoda app -- in addition to the traditional method of hailing them on the street -- will bring you a Safeboda bike, complete with a uniformed driver in a bright orange jacket, helmet and fully trained in road safety. He'll even have a helmet for you. Safety has long been a concern for those riding boda bodas as the bikes are a leading cause of death and head injury in Kampala. A study conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, by researchers at Makerere University, identified approximately 40% of trauma cases at the hospital to be due to boda-boda accidents. I request a SafeBoda to take me to meet the team in the upmarket area of Kisementi, in Kampala's central district. As i stand waiting, at least 10 regular boda bodas pass by beeping to get my attention and business. A driver called Richard Lalunga then arrives who I spot clearly in the distance thanks to his bright orange jacket and orange helmets -- one on his head and one on his handlebars. Lalunga has been a boda driver for four years and joined SafeBoda four months ago to learn more about road safety. He explains how he now earns more than ever before due to a loyal customer base stemming from his safe driving. The ride was in fact calmer than those taken with other bodas, and unlike some, as we ride along the congested streets no kerbs were scaled or mounted to avoid the traffic. The name stands - safeboda. The dangers lie in the low use of helmets -- by both drivers and users -- alongside risky driving and poor road safety practices. This makes many fearful of catching a two-wheeled ride but the team at SafeBoda are trying to lure people back on board. They're reinventing the boda boda reputation to prove they can be safe, as well as fast and economical. "It's a market-based approach to road safety," says Sussock, an economist, who believes that as word spreads about the skills of his drivers, the income -- and safety -- of his drivers will rise and reflect this. "People in Uganda don't wear helmets," says Sussock. "So how do we get them to wear helmets?" The answer, is by providing one. Driver training is provided in partnership with the Ugandan Red Cross and takes place for up to three weeks to cover road safety and bike maintenance -- and it seems to be working. Since its inception in November 2014, the fleet of drivers at SafeBoda has reached 50, currently occupying four areas towards the north and center of the city. The main need for safe driving is in the congested streets of downtown Kampala where the company plans to expand into next. "If we train people and make them good and responsible drivers, we're going to save lives," says Ricky Rapa Thomson, who manages the drivers. "But implementing has been a challenge," he says about the difficulties in changing the mindsets of a population. The team are dreaming big, with plans to expand to 100 by the end of March and 800 by the end of 2015. "With over 1,000 drivers we can begin to change the entire boda industry," says Sussock. More from African Start-Up . Read this: Bike tour gives taste of township life . Read this: This 'eco stove' does more than cook your dinner . Editor's Note: Every week, African Start-Up follows entrepreneurs in various countries across the continent to see how they are working to make their business dreams become reality. Follow the show on Twitter.
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Ugandan start-up SafeBoda are changing the face of boda-boda motorbike taxis . A click of their app brings you a bike complete with a safety trained driver and protective gear .
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What book was the musical Hamilton based on?
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Hamilton is a sung-and-rapped-through musical with music, lyrics, and a book by Lin-Manuel Miranda, based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow. The musical tells the story of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton. Composed over a seven-year period from 2008 to 2015, Miranda says Hamilton was originally a hip hop concept album in his head. The show draws heavily from hip hop, as well as R&B, pop, soul, and traditional-style show tunes. It casts non-white actors as the Founding Fathers of the United States and other historical figures. Miranda described Hamilton as about "America then, as told by America now."
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Hamilton, the musical was based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow.
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Top of her science class: Amira Abase, in her uniform for Bethnal Green Academy in East London . These pictures show a teenage girl enjoying life in modern Britain before joining ISIS to become a ‘jihadi bride’. She laughs in the park, shows off vividly painted nails, and poses with the athletics’ squad of her East London school, where she was top of her science class. On Facebook, she writes of going swimming with a friend, loving the music of American rapper Tupac Shakur and enjoying a birthday treat. Few could have predicted what 15-year-old Amira Abase would do next. Two weeks ago, in the middle of half-term, she abruptly walked out of her family’s council home in East London, wearing black jeans and trainers. She caught a bus to Gatwick Airport and flew to Istanbul with two fellow Muslim classmates, Kadiza Sultana, 16, and Shamima Begum, 15. Next — in footage captured by CCTV cameras — the trio waited in the snow to board another bus to travel to the Turkish border with Syria. There, Islamic State militants were waiting for them. The girls, by now dressed in burkas, were bundled into cars and disappeared to a life where they will have to marry a fighter selected for them, never step foot outside without him, and become a household drone doing chores restricted to women. Intelligence services say they may even be trained to become fighters themselves. Amira is not the first Western girl to join Islamic State. Police said this week that 60 young British women, many of them schoolgirls, have left for Syria. Few, however, have been radicalised so swiftly as Amira Abase. Back in East London, her friends — many of them non-Muslims — have given a series of exclusive interviews to explain how she had changed before their eyes. As one 16-year-old girl told me this week: ‘She was perfectly normal. She talked about having a lip-piercing one day, and listened to pop chart songs. ‘She was pretty, popular, and a bit of a rebel who saw the funny side of life. I first met her in maths class four years ago. We became best friends.’ Painted nails: Fifteen-year-old Amira, who was born in Ethiopia, larks around with her friends in the park . Born in Ethiopia, Amira moved with her family first to England, and then Germany, before returning here and starting school at Bethnal Green Academy at the age of 11. ‘When I visited, I found her home was not overpoweringly Islamic,’ her friend added. ‘We had a family meal cooked by her mother, who did not wear the hijab at home. After eating, Amira and I went out to the park. ‘She had a BlackBerry phone at 11 or 12, and later an iPhone and computer. She was on them all the time.’ At school, Amira, a Chelsea football fan, shone in debates, once giving a speech on why Muslim women wear the veil. She passed three GCSEs in maths and science early, at age 14. This autumn, she’d planned to study A-level history, maths and biology at the London Academy of Excellence, set up for high-fliers under the free school programme. Her talents did not stop in class. At 13 and 14 she was a star of the school athletics squad, competing across Southern England in the 800 and 1,200 metres. Off to join ISIS: Amira (centre, circled) caught a bus to Gatwick Airport and flew to Istanbul with two fellow Muslim classmates, Kadiza Sultana (left), 16, and Shamima Begum (right), 15. They are pictured at Gatwick . Although she wore the hijab to class, covering her hair in line with Islamic teachings, she abandoned the headgear when she played sport or was with her girl friends. A member of the athletics squad explained: ‘Amira didn’t make a big thing about her Muslim faith. She came to parties if there was no alcohol, and we’d go shopping for clothes. She was one of us. ‘She got friendly with a boy she met at athletics. We teased her about standing very close to him, so she joked she was leaning on him for support. Her parents would not have approved of a boyfriend.’ Yet last year Amira was exposed to a parallel world from her non-Muslim friends. While they were going clubbing, meeting boyfriends, and taking foreign holidays together, these Western ways were forbidden to Amira because of her background. She was expected to pray regularly, and was, her friends think, facing an arranged marriage to a man of her family’s choice in the future. Another friend said: ‘We suspect she joined ISIS because it was exciting thing to do; a way of rebelling. Unlike us, there were not a lot of exciting options open to her.’ Model student: Amira was due to study three A-levels at the London Academy of Excellence this autumn . By the time of her 15th birthday in May last year, Amira had become a ‘different person’. She cut herself off from her ‘clique’ of non-Muslim friends, and mixed instead with two other Muslim girls in the same school year group: Kadiza and Shamima, who, of course, are now with her in Syria. Her old school friends said they were shocked when she sent them a video link claiming that Israelis were deliberately burning Palestinian children. ‘It was horrifying because it showed babies being hurt. I deleted it,’ admitted one. Amira and her two Muslim friends were overheard using derogatory terms for non-Muslim girls, calling one a ‘slag’ and others ‘kafir’ (an Arabic term for non-believer). ‘She was getting into religion and Middle Eastern affairs seriously. She hung around with these two Muslim girls all the time,’ said her friend. We now know that one of those girls, Shamima, used her Twitter account to contact a former medical student, 20-year-old Aqsa Mahmood, who left Glasgow last year to join ISIS and marry a jihadist. Bayrampasa bus station: In footage captured by CCTV cameras, the trio (above) waited to board a bus to travel to the Turkish border with Syria. There, Islamic State militants were waiting for them . Shamima was following 70 other ISIS terrorists on Twitter, too, many of whom, like Aqsa, used a messaging programme called Surespot. This encrypts messages to avoid interception by intelligence authorities. When messages are deleted by ISIS recruiters, they are automatically erased from the phones of those who have received them. Friends suspect that Amira and the other girls were in touch with Aqsa and other ISIS recruiters via their mobile phones or home computers since before Christmas. ‘Amira is portrayed by police and the school as naïve and vulnerable,’ said one of her friends. ‘But she was savvy and intelligent, and used to getting what she wanted.’ Police were called to Bethnal Green Academy in December after a friend of Amira’s, a Muslim girl of 15 who has not been named, disappeared to Syria. They talked to Amira and her two new friends, but concluded they were not being groomed by ISIS online recruiters. Yet one of Amira’s friends insists: ‘By the time the police came, Amira had isolated herself from non-Muslim pupils. I am surprised the police did not discover she was already fascinated with the Islamic State and people like Jihadi John.’ Runner: At 13 and 14 Amira was a star of the school athletics squad, competing across Southern England in the 800 and 1,200 metres . Amira left her family home in the morning of Tuesday, February 17, telling her father she was going to a wedding. He believed her. She was carrying no luggage, although CCTV shows her and the other girls at Gatwick before boarding a flight with heavy holdalls. Who gave them the bags? Was it an on-the-ground ISIS recruiter in London? The question has not yet been answered. The bags contained the Islamic robes and coats with hoods that the girls were wearing by the time they reached Istanbul. By late morning on the Tuesday, Amira had texted her father, 47-year-old Abase Hussen, who thought his daughter was at the wedding. She said it was ‘a little bit far’, and added: ‘Daddy, I will pray my midday prayer and get back home.’ At midnight, the family reported Amira missing and were desperately messaging her school friends to see if she was with them. One of her old friends admits now: ‘I was getting worried about her. She told girls in school that she agreed with what the Islamic State was doing in Syria. ‘I feel that I have lost my friend for ever.’ She is probably right.
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Amira Abase is one of three pupils from East London who went to Syria . She was joined on travels by Kadiza Sultana, 16, and Shamima Begum, 15 . 60 young UK women, many of them schoolgirls, have left for the country . Her friends have given exclusive interviews to explain how she changed .
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Based on this passage, how many Boeing 747s are required to ship 10 of ASML's best-selling EUVs?
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After decades of development, ASML shipped the first production extreme ultraviolet lithography machine in 2013. These machines produce light in the 13.5 nm wavelength range when a high-energy laser is focused on microscopic droplets of molten tin to produce a plasma, which then emits EUV light. The light is bounced off Zeiss mirrors that are the flattest mirrors in the world, on to the surface of a silicon wafer to deliver the designs for the chip. ASML's best-selling EUV product has been the Twinscan NXE:3600D, which costs up to $200 million. Shipping the machine requires 40 shipping containers, 20 trucks and three Boeing 747s. As of 2022, ASML has shipped around 140 EUV systems, and it is the only company to manufacture them.
ASML is working on the next generation of EUV systems, with the first shipments to customers for R&D purposes expected to take place at the end of 2023. The platform is designated High-NA as it will increase the numerical aperture (NA) from 0.33 to 0.55, and each system is expected to cost $300 million.
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The best-selling EUV is the Twinscan NXE:3600D, and it takes 3 Boeing 747s per EUV, so 30 Boeing 747s are required to ship ten Twinscan NXE:3600Ds.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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The battle over homegrown players overshadowed the Premier League, FA and Government’s get-together on Friday in a fanciful show of harmony to promote grassroots facilities. The League’s opposition to FA chairman Greg Dyke’s campaign to increase the homegrown players in their squads from eight to 12 made pictures of Dyke, PL chief executive Richard Scudamore and Minister for Sport Helen Grant at a new 3G pitch in Brixton rather incongruous, especially as how the money will be spent or who will administer it has not been decided. ‘The nitty gritty will be worked out,’ promised Grant on her last day in office before the election, just when she’s starting to looking the part. Greg Dyke’s has a campaign to increase the homegrown players in their squads from eight to 12 . The PL want to kick Dyke’s project into the long grass, claiming it will never get through the necessary committees on which the League have seats. Dyke has ridden back from his aggressive approach on Monday when he said the FA had looked into forcing change but did not want to do so. When Southampton asked Dyke at the clubs’ summit if he was going to force it through — as the FA could — he denied he’d said that. Instead, there will be a consultation process with an FA document arriving soon which the PL and their clubs will inevitably reject. Scudamore said: ‘We haven’t actually seen the consultation document, we haven’t seen the process. When that arrives, we will consult properly on it.’ The FA’s best hope is that UEFA can persuade the European Commissioner to allow 12 home-grown players in Champions League squads. Minister for Sport Helen Grant's appearance at a new 3G pitch in Brixton was rather overshadowed . The non-stop spin about who’s giving what to grassroots football was in full force. Scudamore, Dyke and Grant were each accompanied by at least two of their PR team or policy advisors, all spinning like tops over a supposedly joint initiative. It was likened to a three-legged stool by Scudamore, who added: ‘They fall over if any one of the legs gets sawn off.’ The three speeches at the UEFA Congress from Sepp Blatter’s challengers for the FIFA presidency do not seem to have had much impact on voters. According to his supporters, Blatter is still on course for a ridiculous fifth term in office with a landslide 160 territories out of 209, which explains why he doesn’t feel the need to go out on the campaign trail. That support includes around half of the UEFA countries, which is the percentage estimated by the Slovenia and Iceland delegations in Vienna. According to his supporters, Sepp Blatter is still on course for a fifth term in office . FA of Wales’ loveable loose cannon president Trefor Lloyd Hughes gave the impression he didn’t really know where he stood at the UEFA Congress over his noisy claims to the British vice-presidency on the FIFA ExCo because it was Wales’s turn. And this was borne out by his official FAW statement congratulating the successful candidates after the elections in ‘Vienna, Switzerland’. FA cutting to the Max . The FA’s desire to find 15 per cent cuts from every department to fund the England commission coaches and pitches initiative doesn’t stop them bringing in costly management consultants Maxxim to find more efficient ways for football’s ruling body to work. Complaints from the national game about the proposed cuts to the FA Trophy and Vase prizemoney brought the FA board response that sponsors should be found by the commercial department. Hardly likely when the flagship FA Cup has been without a backer all season. Four second places in the Six Nations is not stopping England head coach Stuart Lancaster talking about coming first for a change. His latest speaking engagement, for the NSPCC, is a glitzy evening with himself and Jonny Wilkinson at the Grosvenor House Hotel, London on April 23 talking to 450 guests about ‘What it takes to Win’. Whether it’s advisable, even for a good cause, for Lancaster, with his track record, to be talking in tandem with a fabled World Cup winner is debatable. RFU chief executive Ian Ritchie chats to Lancaster at England's base in Pennyhill Park in Bagshot . The ECB are negotiating a car deal for England with Toyota set to replace Jaguar. And if Kevin Pietersen does return, he should be required to arrive at matches in a Toyota. He famously annoyed Jaguar by refusing to drive their car when on a central contract because he wouldn’t commit to sponsors’ player appearances. Kevin Pietersen famously annoyed Jaguar by refusing to drive their car because of players appearances .
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Greg Dyke is campaigning to increase homegrown numbers in squads . Dyke wants 12 homegrown players in squads rather than the current 8 . Sepp Blatter is on course for a fifth time in office with a landslide of votes . England head coach Stuart Lancaster talks about coming first for a change .
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When did the Post Office in Mission Beach first open?
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In the late 1920s after the construction of a road from El Arish, the area became a popular camping place. It was known as Mission Beach due to the mistaken belief that the Hull River Aboriginal Settlement previously located in the region was a religious mission. Mission Beach developed into a town during the 1940s and 50s with the Mission Beach Post Office opening on 15 December 1949.
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Mission Beach Post Office opened on 15 December 1949.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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(CNN)Waiting for Benjamin Netanyahu to arrive at Ben Gurion Airport, there was a whole Winston Churchill aspect to it all. Many Israeli analysts believe Netanyahu sees his speech to Congress warning of the dangers of a nuclear Iran akin to that of the late British Prime Minister's famous address to parliament in 1939 warning of the pending danger of Nazi Germany. Indeed on the tarmac, Netanyahu, with his wife, Sara, at his side, somberly declared his visit to Washington a "crucial" and "historic" trip and himself the "messenger" of all the Israeli people, even those who don't agree with him. "I fear for the fate of the State of Israel and therefore I will do everything I can to ensure the security of our future," he told reporters before boarding. 6 questions about Netanyahu's trip . In the days leading up to the trip, Netanyahu laid the symbolism for embarking on what aides believe he views as his date with destiny, starting with a visit to the grave of his father, who he often says warned him about the dangers of missing threats to the Jewish people before it is too late. On the eve of his trip, he vistied the Western Wall, the holiest site of Judaism. There Netanyahu declared his solemn obligation to protect Israel, saying "we must unite" against the nuclear deal shaping up with Iran "that could endanger our very existence. " On board the El-Al 767 to Washington, Netanayhu holed himself up with aides working on his speech. A pilot told us he heard the Prime Minister several times yelling from the cabin, "No, no -- stronger, stronger." I sat in the back cabin with about 50 journalists -- print reporters, TV correspondents and crews and photographers. I'm told that's about double the number of press who normally travel with him. Obama and Netanyahu: A clash of world views . With 12 hours to kill, the journalists chatted about Bibi, the visit and how his planned address to Congress has morphed into an international showdown of mythic proportions. We even found the movies on the plane steeped in symbolism: "The Imitation Game" -- an Academy Award-winning story about how a lone genius mathematician defeated all odds to crack Nazi codes and help save Europe from Hitler's grasp. Then there was "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1" a tale of a group of oppressed people led by a brave revolutionary who hopes good will triumph over evil. Okay, maybe that"s a stretch. I did say it was a very long flight. Bibi, as he is called, never came back. Officials traveling with him said it was because he was busy with the speech. I never thought I would come to appreciate the access the American diplomatic press corps gets aboard the Secretary of State's plane. A senior official did come back to brief the reporters just before landing, telling us the Prime Minister would be laying out the details he understands to be part of the nuclear deal shaping up with Iran and urge Congress to press the Obama administration to push back the March 24 deadline for a political framework. Netanyahu, the official said, saw the speech as a "last chance" to avert a bad deal with Iran, which could threaten Israel's future. We arrived at Andrews Air Force Base to a snowy evening and took the motorcade to Washington. Time will tell if this was indeed a historic flight or a flight of fancy.
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Netanyahu worked on his speech while on the way to Washington . Official said Netanyahu sees speech as "last chance" to avert bad deal with Iran . Netanyahu has called this trip "historic"
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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This is the look of terror a woman pulled for her jailhouse mugshot after being booked over driving offenses. Ashley Stabler, 23, was pulled over by sheriff's deputies in Tulsa County, Oklahoma, last week and locked up after allegedly driving without insurance and on a suspended license. She was also booked over driving with improper license plates, and thrown in the Tulsa County Jail - where she pulled this shocked expression for her mugshot. Seen a ghost? Ashley Stabler, 23, pulled this face in the Tulsa County jailhouse after being booked . According to The Smoking Gun, Stabler was being held on a $600 bond ahead of a court appearance, the date for which has now passed. Is is unclear what has become of Stabler since. She was due in court last week, and the Tulsa jail confirmed they are no longer holding her. However, court records show Stabler's shock may have been unwarranted - as it was far from her first time in a jail. She was arrested for assault and battery with a dangerous weapon in 2011, but the case was dismissed. Two years later, she pleaded no contest to a larceny charge, and also has a pending court case linked to her driving suspension. Not any more: Stabler was being held on a $600 bond last week - but has now left the jail .
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Ashley Stabler, 23, was pulled over on driving offenses in Tulsa, Oklahoma . Made odd expression for jailhouse camera as she was held on $600 bond .
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Construction workers have been forced to build a £10 million road project around two apartment blocks in China after several families refused to move. The embarrassing rebuke by the ten households has forced developers to curve the major new route around the properties in the city of Yongjia, in eastern China's Zhejiang province, The People's Daily reports. Officials launched the multi-million pound blueprint to much fanfare, saying the new 10-mile provincial road would provide a fast and efficient route between the city and 19 surrounding villages. In the way: The two building are in the direct path of the £10 million road project in Yongjia, eastern China . But although work started in December 2011, construction was forced to stop when 10 families refused to accept the compensation offered to allow their properties to be demolished. This year local council officials lost their patience and ordered the road builders to go around the properties. The four-lane highway opened last month with many drivers arguing the bizarre layout is dangerous. Won't budge: Ten families have refused to leave their homes, that are in the path of a new road, until they are offered a fair price . Road rage: Officials ordered the new thoroughfare to be built around the two buildings 10 families have refused to leave in Yongjia . In China, it is common practice to ask people to move out of their homes to make way for important public sector developments. People who refuse are known as 'nail homeowners' - a term which comes from the nuisance a nail causes when stuck in a fence post. The homeowners say they are happy to move but only if they are offered a fair price so they can afford a new property and be compensated for the inconvenience of leaving homes where they were perfectly happy. Around the houses: Drivers have complained the revised road layout is dangerous after the No.41 provincial route opened last month . Jun Lo, 40, who lives in one of the properties with his wife and parents said they would not be bullied into leaving. He said: 'They tried all sorts of mean tricks to get other people to move out, but me and the others won't budge now because we don't want to be bullied. 'If they want us to go, then they need to pay a decent price otherwise we are just going to sit here.'
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10 families get in the way of £10 million road project in China . Officials lose patience and tell road builders to go around the houses . Homeowners claim they are not being offered fair price to relocate .
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(CNN)For the first time in history over half the world's population live in cities -- more than 54% of us did in 2014. Mass urbanization is proving to be "the single most important transformation" the world is seeing in the 21st century, according to Jamal Saghir, director of sustainable development at the World Bank, and it shows no signs of letting up. By 2050, the U.N. predicts 66% of us will call a city our home. It is generally accepted that cities are the engines of economic growth, and nowhere are these engines firing harder, or populations growing faster, than in the developing world. With burgeoning higher education systems and enviably young workforces, African cities in particular are booming. Commended for their diversity, adaptability and enterprise, investors are taking note. Global auditing firm PwC has now quantified and ranked Africa's urban hubs in a new report listing the continent's top "Cities of Opportunity." With the caveat that only one city per country could be assessed, PwC set out ranking locations in terms of infrastructure, human capital, economics and society and demographics. North African cities dominated the top five, with Cairo claiming pole position, followed by Tunis, Johannesburg, Casablanca and Algiers. Analysts cited the age of North African cities as a determining factor, with strong infrastructure across the board, incubating an environment for human capital to thrive. However, sub-Saharan cities registered among the highest in terms of society and demographics, excelling in diversity and population growth, both useful when looking towards future investment. Indeed, the report also offered an alternative ranking, gauging the strongest trajectories in terms of investment. GDP growth, ease of doing business, attracting FDI, middle class and overall population growth all took precedent. Under these criteria, Cairo could only achieve a mid-table ranking and was the only city in the top 10 north of the Sahara. Dar es Salaam, Lusaka, Nairobi, Lagos and Accra made up the top five, suggesting a new generation of African powerhouse economies is waiting in the wings. That being said, one city's development does not preclude another's. What is certain is that the battle for economic dominance is on. Read this: Africa's 10 most prosperous countries . More from Marketplace Africa . Editor's Note: CNN Marketplace Africa covers the macro trends impacting the region and also focuses on the continent's key industries and corporations .
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New PwC report has sought out the best cities for investors in Africa . North African capitals dominate, but there are signs that sub-Saharan cities will come into their own in the near future .
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Williams driver Valtteri Bottas insists he'll be 100 per cent ready to race at this weekend's Malaysian Grand Prix, after a back injury forced him to miss the start of the season. The Finn sat out the Formula One curtain-raiser at Melbourne's Albert Park in Australia on March 15 after tearing an annular disc in his lower back during qualifying. 'After such a frustrating Sunday in Australia, I have taken the necessary measures to make sure I arrive in Malaysia fit to race and ready to bring the results home,' Bottas said in a statement on Thursday. Williams driver Valtteri Bottas is confident he'll be fit to race at this weekend's Malaysian Grand Prix . Bottas sat out the Australian Grand Prix after tearing an annular disc in his lower back during qualifying . In order to race at Kuala Lumpur, the 25-year-old will have to pass FIA medical tests at the track on Thursday - something his manager Didier Coton believes will be no problem. 'Valtteri is in very good shape,' Coton told BBC Sport. 'He is working very hard. 'I spoke with him today [Monday] and he is in top shape. He will have to take the FIA medical, which I expect him to pass. 'I don't see any reason why he wouldn't pass it - he tells me he is back to normal. I'm very confident about it, but of course I am not a doctor.' Williams currently lie fourth in the constructors' championship after Bottas' team-mate Felipe Massa secured 12 points with a fourth place finish in Melbourne. Bottas will have to pass FIA medical tests at the Kuala Lumpur track on Thursday in order to race .
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Valtteri Bottas sat out the Australian Grand Prix due to a back injury . Malaysian Grand Prix takes places this weekend at Kuala Lumpar . Bottas will have to pass FIA medical tests at the track on Thursday to race .
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Given a reference text about a red letter day, provide an explanation of what it means.
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A red letter day (sometimes hyphenated as red-letter day) is any day of special significance or opportunity. Its roots are in classical antiquity; for instance, important days are indicated in red in a calendar dating from the Roman Republic (509–27 BC).
In medieval manuscripts, initial capitals and highlighted words (known as rubrics) were written in red ink. The practice was continued after the invention of the printing press, including in Catholic liturgical books. Many calendars still indicate special dates, festivals and holidays in red instead of black.
In the universities of the UK, scarlet days are when doctors may wear their scarlet 'festal' or full dress gowns instead of their undress ('black') gown.
In Norway, Sweden, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia and some Latin American countries, a public holiday is sometimes referred to as "red day" (rød dag, röd dag, 빨간 날, 紅日, tanggal merah), as it is printed in red in calendars
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A red letter day is any day of special significance or opportunity such as holidays and festivals.
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What is the origin of the Easter Egg in video games?
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An Easter egg is a message, image, or feature hidden in software, a video game, a film, or another — usually electronic — medium. The term used in this manner was coined around 1979 by Steve Wright, the then-Director of Software Development in the Atari Consumer Division, to describe a hidden message in the Atari video game Adventure, in reference to an Easter egg hunt. The earliest known video game Easter egg is in Moonlander (1973), in which the player tries to land a Lunar module on the moon; if the player opts to fly the module horizontally through several of the game's screens, they encounter a McDonald's restaurant, and if they land next to it the astronaut will visit it instead of standing next to the ship. The earliest known Easter egg in software in general is one placed in the "make" command for PDP-6/PDP-10 computers sometime in October 1967–October 1968, wherein if the user attempts to create a file named "love" by typing "make love", the program responds "not war?" before proceeding.
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The term used in this manner was coined around 1979 by Steve Wright, the then-Director of Software Development in the Atari Consumer Division, to describe a hidden message in the Atari video game Adventure
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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The average intelligence of the human race has been steadily increasing, scientists have claimed. In research looking back over IQ tests from the past few decades, they found that the tests were becoming harder - but people were still doing just as well. But the reasons why people are becoming smarter is not known - with theories including better education and improved medical care. Researchers at Kings College London looked at scores over 64 years. In total, more than 200,000 participants in IQ tests were studied. Since 1950, average intelligence was found to have risen by about 20 IQ points. Explanations include better education (stock image shown) and improved medical care . The research, titled A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of Raven's Progressive Matrices and reported by William Kremer for the BBC, was published in the journal intelligence. Carried out by Peera Wongupparaj, Veena Kumari and Robin Morris from Kings College London, they looked specifically at the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM). Poverty affects the intelligence of children as young as two, a separate study in December 2014 found - and its impact increases as the child ages. Deprived young children were found to have IQ scores six points lower, on average, than children from wealthier families. And the gap got wider throughout childhood, with the early difference tripling by the time the children reached adolescence. Scientists from Goldsmiths, University of London compared data on almost 15,000 children and their parents as part of the Twins Early Development Study (Teds). The study is an on-going investigation socio-economic and genetic links to intelligence. This tasks participants with looking for patterns in an array of shapes - and is thought to be a good measure of intelligence. In total, more than 200,000 participants from 48 countries over 64 years were studied in the research. Since 1950, it was found that the average intelligence had risen by the equivalent of 20 IQ points. 'RPM is a valid and reliable measure of general IQ, Dr Wongupparaj told MailOnline. 'Also, it is cultural-free test so that it has been widely used for nearly 80 years.' ‘IQ tests are designed to ensure that the average result is always 100, so this is a significant jump,’ the BBC reported. The research builds on earlier evidence from philosopher and psychologist James Flynn, from the University of Otaga in New Zealand. He had noticed that IQ tests were getting harder, but people were still getting similar scores on them - which became known as the Flynn Effect. This graph shows how the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) scores have been increasing over time. RPM is seen as an accurate way of measuring intelligence, and 'it is cultural-free test so that has been widely used for nearly 80 years,' Dr Wongupparaj told MailOnline . The research was carried out by scientists from Kings College London. They looked specifically at the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) - an example is shown. This tasks participants with looking for patterns in an array of shapes - and is thought to be a good measure of intelligence . Apparently, if modern Americans took a test from a century ago, they would get a relatively high average IQ score of 130; vice versa, and our ancestors would score a measly average of 70. This equates to a three-point rise in IQ per decade. According to the new study, though, outside of the US the biggest change was clearly in developing countries, IQ was ‘catching up with the developed world’. ‘There are multiple possible reasons proposed for this phenomenon,’ they write. These include improved education, increased exposure to testing, improved medical care and nutritition and decreased family size. Perhaps most importantly, though, is that the instance of IQ increasing was not just true in general for the world as a whole - but could also be noticed on a much smaller scale. ‘The Flynn effect is strong enough to be showed in even small and non-representative samples as well as in the very young and older adults,’ the researchers conclude.
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Researchers at Kings College London looked at scored over 64 years . In total, more than 200,000 participants in IQ tests were studied . Since 1950, average intelligence was found to rise by about 20 IQ points . Explanations include better education and improved medical care .
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An horrifically burned 12-year-old boy was able to tell police it was his dad who started the fatal house fire that killed him and his nine-year-old brother, an inquest has heard. Salesman Darren Sykes, 44, lured his two boys Paul, 9, and his brother Jack, 12, to the attic with fun-size chocolate bars to play with a new model railway then set a fire downstairs and closed the loft hatch with all three inside. The bodies of Mr Sykes and Paul were found in the loft and Jack was rescued still conscious by firefighters from the bottom of the loft ladder but died five days later in hospital. Jack managed to tell a police officer and hospital consultant before he died from 50 per cent burns: 'It was my dad that started the fire' and 'My dad did it on purpose.' The fire, which was started deliberately by Mr Sykes (centre), killed himself along with his nine-year-old son Paul (left) and Jack (right), 12 . Jack (right) and Paul Sykes were both killed in the house fire after being lured into the loft by their father who then set the home ablaze. Here the two boys are pictured with their mother Claire Throssell . Sheffield coroner Chris Dorries told the boys' tearful mother Claire Throssell: 'Your loss has deeply affected me.' He said she bore no blame for the tragedy and told her: 'You have nothing to blame yourself about.' The inquest heard Mr Sykes, worried over access rights to his children, 'coldly planned' the fire at his home 'with the specific purpose of ending two young lives'. Investigating officer Detective Sargent Stuart Hall said: 'I believe the children were almost lured into the loft by the newly purchased train track and fun-size chocolate bars which had been left there to maintain their attentions.' The inquest heard that Mr Sykes felt 'the world was against him' after a meeting with CAFCASS - which represents children in family courts two days before the tragedy. He formed the impression that Paul had said he only wanted to see his father for one hour a week during a discussion over visiting rights. Mr Sykes told his boss Andre Spencer in a phone call just over two hours before the inferno that he thought the CAFCASS visit was a 'waste of time' and 'they wanted to talk about negatives and didn't want to listen to his agenda'. Mr Spencer said: 'He was a dedicated father. His children were his number one priority. He talked about them to the point that he seemed obsessed and boring.' An inquest into the death of Paul (pictured bottom left and far right) and Jack was carried out today, where a coroner ruled their deaths were the result of an unlawful killing . Claire Throssell's son Jack clung to life in intensive care with his mother (pictured) at his bedside, but died five days later . He felt the access arrangements were 'barbaric' and he mistakenly believed Paul only wanted to see him for one hour a week. 'There's no point living,' he told his boss. Mr Spencer said he then went on: 'If anything did happen would I care for his boys.' CAFCASS family adviser Rona Murphy told the inquest in her dealings with the family Paul did want to see his father but only for a three-hour visit on one day a week. Paul had told her about 'issues of abuse' and described meal times as a 'battleground' because his dad 'wanted him to eat more and everything and he didn't want to.' She did not believe Mr Sykes was taking on board what she was telling him. 'He was saying how can I have any less contact than I already have.' Council social worker Julie Keen said four months before the tragedy she had a referral that Paul didn't want to go home from school and have contact with his father. The boys' heartbroken mother Claire Throssell (pictured at her sons' funeral) told the inquest her two children had 'meant the world' to her . 'Paul said his dad was abusive to him and Jack,' she said. 'It was general physical and emotional abuse. On a skiing trip Paul claimed his dad had got him by the throat.' When Mr Sykes was challenged he apologised for his behaviour but was more focused on getting around a table with his then wife. Mr Sykes, lived in Penistone, South Yorkshire, after the split with his wife and his sons lived with her at their grandmother's in nearby Thurlstone. On the morning of the fire he contacted an investment company and withdrew his assets, transferring them into a female third party's account. He spent £600 on model railway track and equipment and sent a text to both his sons asking them to attend the former family home that evening to play with the new train set and be 'engine drivers'. Mr Sykes then bought petrol cans, some petrol and posted letters to family and friends and deliberately parked his van away from his house so neighbours would not realise anyone was at home. He picked up his sons on the evening of October 22 last year to play with the model railway and while they went up to the loft, he set the fire. The inquest heard that after he had barricaded the door after lighting a fire in the bottom floor of the house, he then came out of the house through the patio doors and walked round to the front door, letting himself in and locking it behind him. He took the keys upstairs before lighting more fires on the first floor, including in the children's bedrooms. Once this was done he then entered the loft, closing the hatch behind him. When the fire crew arrived it appeared Jack had bravely tried to get out of the loft as he was found by the bottom of the ladder. Mourners stand by as the caskets of Jack and Paul are carried from a church during their funeral in October . Mr Sykes sent the same text to six separate people saying he was 'going to be at peace'. A minute later, neighbours spotted the blaze and the fire service were called with the downstairs well ablaze. Cord had been tied to the front and back garden gates as a barricade and a dining chair placed between the kitchen door and the door to the stairs so nobody could escape downstairs. One of his letters to HSBC Bank said: 'I won't be paying the mortgage any more because I won't be alive.' Det Sgt Hall said numerous statements taken by the police showed he was at a 'particularly low point' in his life over visiting rights to his sons and took the view he would have less access. Specialist fire investigator Michael Mason said the carpet and furniture downstairs were well alight when firefighters arrived. 'The door to the stairs had been wedged to stop anyone coming down and there were chairs behind the front door as if to prevent people coming in,' he said. Two bodies were found in the loft - that of Mr Sykes and his son Paul - and Mr Sykes was declared dead on arrival at hospital. Pictured is the home where Paul Skyes killed his two sons after trapping them in the attic and starting a fire . Petrol was used as an accelerant to start the fire with 16 pools of fuel on the ground floor and first floor. A patio door had been left partly open downstairs to fan the flames. Mr Mason said: 'At some point during the fire the loft hatch was closed and then opened during the fire which allowed a plume of smoke with gases to enter the loft. It was a natural reaction to try and get out.' It emerged that it was Jack who opened the hatch and he was rescued conscious by firefighters but died five days later in hospital from his burns. Mr Sykes and Paul died from inhaling noxious fumes. In her statement, the boys' mother said: 'My boys meant the world to me. They were both polite, well mannered and caring, and you can't imagine life without them.' When asked by the coroner if there was anything she would like to add, she replied: 'There is nothing further I can add other than the guilt I that I carry for what has happened to them.' The coroner recorded a verdict on Monday that Mr Sykes committed suicide. Yesterday the verdict on the two boys was unlawful killing. Coroner Dorries said: 'This fire was set deliberately indeed the whole event was carefully planned by Mr Sykes to ensure a catastrophic fire while the boys were distracted by model railway equipment and sweets.'
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Jack and Paul Sykes died after their father Darren lured them into attic . Jack, 12, survived for several days before succumbing to injuries . Was able to to tell police his father was to blame for starting the fire . Darren Sykes, 44, had been worried about his access rights to his children . Inquest heard he had grabbed Paul by the neck during a recent skiing trip . Social workers said Paul felt his father was abusive to himself and Jack . Mr Sykes decided to lure the two boys into the attic with model train set . He then set the house on fire and locked the three of them inside the room .
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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(CNN)One of the nine suspects was killed. Another was shot in the stomach. All eight responding officers were injured, including one 10-year veteran who required surgery. It's the aftermath of an all-out melee in a Walmart parking lot in Cottonwood, Arizona, a town of 11,000 people about an hour's drive south of Flagstaff. But details are murky outside of the injury and arrest reports. What's known, according to the Arizona Department of Public Safety statement released by spokesman Raul Garcia, is that someone at the store called the Cottonwood Police Department a few minutes before midnight Saturday to report that a woman who worked at Walmart "had been assaulted in the store by multiple suspects." The suspects were in the parking lot when police responded, and they immediately attacked the officers, the DPS statement said. Two suspects were shot, one in the abdomen and one fatally, while one of the suspects shot a Cottonwood officer in the leg, according to DPS. "I heard about eight to 10 shots," Louie Solano, an eyewitness, told CNN affiliate KPHO. "It was a lot of noise. It looked like a riot in the middle of the parking lot. I mean it was unbelievable," he said. Investigators believe the nine suspects were all from the same family. "We believe they are from Idaho because of the license plate on their vehicle," DPS spokesman Bart Graves told CNN. The condition of the suspect who was shot in the stomach was not known. Seven other suspects were taken into custody, the statement said, and "a total of eight officers and another (Walmart) employee were assaulted in the parking lot during the fight. Seven of those officers sustained minor injuries to include lacerations and bruising." The Walmart employee, who was a loss prevention officer, had a broken arm, Graves said. The 31-year-old officer who suffered the gunshot wound was flown to Flagstaff Medical Center, where he underwent surgery. The veteran officer is expected to make a full recovery, according to the statement. The Cottonwood Police Department and the Yavapai County Sheriff's Office directed media questions to DPS. Asked for additional information, Arizona DPS spokesman Bart Graves said, "This is a very complex investigation, we are still sorting things out and there are a lot of witnesses to talk to, so we are in the early stages." He added, "We were asked by Cottonwood police to conduct a criminal investigation." CNN's Brian Carberry contributed to this report.
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The shot officer underwent surgery and is expected to make full recovery, police say . Incident began when police got report that Walmart employee was attacked, statement says . Police: Nine suspects, believed to be from the same family, "immediately" began attacking them .
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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For Steve Clarke, there were no apologies, no guilt and no sense of remorse. He deemed the nine changes before their defeat at Watford necessary if Reading are to be ready for Bradford in their FA Cup quarter-final replay on Monday night. Of those nine, four were making full debuts. Discounting Simon Cox, the rest of the Royals side had made just 34 Championship starts between them this season. Whatever Clarke says, this was an unwrapped gift to a team chasing promotion to the Premier League. But the manager must be well down the list when blame is apportioned. Jem Karacan's Reading team-mates gather to congratulate the midfielder after his goal against Watford . Steve Clarke played a decidedly under strength side at Vicarage Road that will completely change on Monday . Reading's Pavel Pogrebnyak and Bradford's Stephen Darby clash in the 0-0 draw that forced Monday's FA Cup replay at the Madejski Stadium, with both sides nursing their squads in the lead-up to the fixture . It is the fault of broadcasters that he had just 48 hours between leaving Vicarage Road on Saturday and kicking off against Phil Parkinson’s Bradford on Monday evening. Domestic cup fixtures cannot be played on the same night as Champions League games and, as such, there is no way around this ludicrous situation. Clarke is expected to name a completely fresh XI at the Madejski Stadium, while Parkinson, who made six changes of his own side for the 1-1 draw at Notts County, will mix and match, too. Bradford had five players who retained their place from the Cup game. Reading had none. Fifteen changes was the sum total and for one reason only. Clarke is dealing with a ludicrous 48-hour turnaround between playing Watford and Bradford . These will be two teams going hell for leather in a competition they have prioritised. Their tedious goalless draw at Valley Parade last week may have been wretched to watch, but this tie is harking back to the FA Cup’s old days, neither side giving an inch. They could not bear losing at this stage. Reading supporters won’t remember the 4-1 defeat at Watford in a decade’s time, but a day out at Wembley, taking on holders Arsenal, would stick in the memory should they progress. The Royals have nothing to play for in the league. They are safe and will not trouble the second tier’s play-offs. Almen Abdi (centre) scored the opener against a Reading side with nothing to play for in the league . And club captain Jem Karacan, who made only his second appearance for the club since September 2013 because of injury, backed his manager’s decision to ring the changes. ‘The gaffer has to bear the replay in mind,’ said Karacan, who scored his side’s consolation as Watford ran riot with strikes from Almen Abdi, Matej Vydra, Troy Deeney and Fernando Forestieri. ‘If you put a team out that doesn’t win at Watford you get criticised, but if you don’t win on Monday you get criticised as well so it’s a catch-22 for the gaffer. ‘Playing at Wembley is one of those things that you just can’t describe. The feeling we had when we went there before (the 2011 Championship play-off final loss to Swansea) will always stay with me.’ Reading's Yakubu Aiyegbeni passes under pressure as his side struggled against the promotion hopefuls . Parkinson has had a trickier balancing act. Bradford are three points beneath the League One play-offs and will have two games in hand once Tuesday’s programme of fixtures is complete. He couldn’t afford to make changes quite so wholesale for their trip to Nottingham, knowing promotion is by no means out of the question. Those in West Yorkshire will think of two years ago when they were capable of juggling that fairytale journey to the Capital One Cup final and the league campaign, which ended in promotion from League Two. Reading will doubtless have the fresher side tonight and Parkinson knows his team blew their best chance of reaching the semi-finals. But they feed off adrenaline. Just ask Chelsea and Sunderland. Two games in three days will not faze this collection of loanees and cast-offs. After all, Arsenal await. PERFORMANCE OF THE WEEKEND . Maybe, just maybe, Ronnie Moore can inspire Hartlepool to Football League survival. Marooned at the foot of League Two for months, all looked lost. The 1-0 win at Morecambe - thanks to an Andy Parrish own goal - was their first three points on the road since October, their first clean sheet away from Victoria Park for 12 months and puts them within two results of safety. No wonder defender Scott Harrison was close to tears in the dressing room afterwards. WHAT'S CAUGHT MY EYE .
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Reading were battered 4-1 by Watford on Saturday at Vicarage Road . Steve Clarke's starting side will be entirely different on Monday night . Reading have just 48 hours between leaving Watford and kicking off against League One's Bradford for a place in the FA Cup semi-finals . Malky Mackay was on the brink of being given the boot by Wigan four weeks ago. Remarkably the Latics then went on a four-match winning run away from home, including Saturday’s 2-1 win at relegation rivals Rotherham, to give themselves hope in the Championship. It might finally be time for Preston to return to the Championship. They walloped Crewe 5-1 at Deepdale — Joe Garner netting four — to retain their two-point lead over Swindon in the race for second in League One. Carlisle had the chance to become the first team in almost half a century to go 30 games without drawing. Manager Keith Curle said it was ‘all or nothing’ for his team. That was before they drew 0-0 at York.
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Extract the places in the following paragraph. Give them as a numbered list.
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In 1877 he enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's medical school where he became interested in anatomy, and in 1882, he graduated with the Anomaly Prize from the Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy. He did his residency at the Episcopal Hospital at Kensington, Pennsylvania. Gynecology wasn't practiced at the hospital, so he opened his own clinic in a two-story house in a working district where he also lived. He saw patients during the day and slept on a sofa at night with a string tied to his toe so that whenever there was a tug on the string, he would be woken up to provide medical assistance. He also made house calls. Later, with money from a group of Philadelphia philanthropist women, he was able to open a formal clinic with an operating room in Norris Square, which later became the Kensington Hospital for Women, the sixth women's hospital in the United States. There, he created the "Kelly stitch", a procedure to treat Stress incontinence, and performed the first successful C-section in Philadelphia. He gained a reputation as an innovator in surgical techniques during this time.
From 1886 to 1888, Kelly traveled to England, Scotland, and Germany to observe abdominal and pelvic surgeons at work. When he was in Leipzig in 1886, he was introduced to the palpation of female ureters by Max Saenger. In Berlin in 1888, he worked with pathologist Rudolf Virchow to determine the best way to catheterize ureters. Then, in Prague in 1888, Czech physician Parel Pawlik showed him how to catheterize ureters using a speculum and how to conduct an air cystoscopy. In 1888, he returned to the University of Pennsylvania, to become an associate professor of obstetrics under the recommendation of William Osler.
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1. Kensington, Pennsylvania
2. Philadelphia
3. Norris Square
4. United States
5. England
6. Scotland
7. Germany
8. Leipzig
9. Berlin
10. Prague
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Which fruits are often infused with a sweetener prior to drying?
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Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life.
Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as "conventional" or "traditional" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit.
Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.
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Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Former Cuban President Fidel . Castro has finally met with all five of the Cuban spies who were freed from a U.S. prison as part of a deal to strengthen diplomatic ties. The former intelligence officers gathered at the ex-revolutionary leaders home in Havana on Saturday, 73 days after the last of them were released in an inmate swap. It had been highly anticipated as a reunion of Cuba's most . vaunted heroes, but officials are yet to explain why it took . so long to arrange. Historic encounter: Former Cuban President Fidel Castro, 88, finally met with all five of the Cuban spies who were freed from US prison . Politics: The gathering at his home in Havanna came 73 days after the last of them were freed in a prisoner swap that was part of the deal to restore diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Cuba . Castro wrote in an article in the daily Granma newspaper about the five-hour visit that appeared in official media on Monday, accompanied by photos of the get-together. The politician goes by the title of 'historic leader' in retirement . and the five intelligence agents were recently honored as Heroes . of the Republic for spying on anti-Castro extremist groups in . the United States and withstanding prison, unjustly according to . Cuba. 'The five anti-terrorist heroes, who never did any damage to . the United States, were trying to prevent and impede terrorist . acts against our people that, it is well known, were organized . by U.S. intelligence services,' Castro wrote. Jailed since 1998, the final three of the agents returned . home on December 17, when Cuba and the United States completed a . prisoner swap as part of the deal in which they agreed to . restore diplomatic relations after more than five decades of . confrontation. The encounter game five intelligence agents were recently honored as Heroes of the Republic for spying on anti-Castro extremist groups in the United States . The group were arrested in 1998 and convicted in 2001 for spying for Cuba's government . It had been highly anticipated as a reunion of Cuba's most vaunted heroes, but officials have not said why it took so long to arrange . The other two had already returned home after . completing their sentences. In exchange, Cuba freed a Cuban man who spied for Washington . and spent nearly 20 years in jail. In addition, Cuba freed . imprisoned American aid worker Alan Gross on humanitarian . grounds plus 53 people that United States considered political . prisoners. Fidel Castro stepped down from power in 2008, handing off to . his younger brother Raul, 83. Fidel Castro occasionally writes a . column and is seen in the official media receiving dignitaries . at his Havana home, but he has not been spotted in public since . Jan. 8, 2014. Fidel Castro's current role in policy-making is unknown. Many Cubans presume Raul Castro consults with his brother on . major decisions, and Fidel Castro's long absence after the . announcement raised questions about his health and whether he . agreed with ceasing hostilities with the Americans. Intelligence agents Gerardo Hernandez, 49, Antonio Guerrero, . 56, and Ramon Labañino, 51, came home on Dec. 17 after serving . 16 years in U.S. jails. Two others, Rene Gonzalez, 58, and Fernandez Gonzalez, 51, . had previously returned after fulfilling their sentences. The group shared stories and shook the hand of the former leader during the meeting . They showed each other books, pictures and mementos during the encounter . Fidel Castro has been out of the public eye for a long time, raising questions about his health and influence in the policy-making process . An FBI handout shows the mugshot of the Cuban Five when they were arrested in 1998 Gerardo Hernandez, 49, Antonio Guerrero,56, and Ramon Labañino, 51, came home on December 17. Two others, Rene Gonzalez, 58, and Fernandez Gonzalez, 51,had previously returned after fulfilling their sentences .
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Former President, 88, met group 73 days after the last was freed . The five were recently honored as heroes for spying on the United States . Jailed since 1998, the final three inmates returned home on December 17 . Was part of a deal that saw diplomatic relations restored after 50 years . Castro insist they did no damage top the U.S. and were 'trying to impede terrorism' oversees .
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Given these paragraphs about Large language models, when was the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained?
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A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model
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2018.
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What is parkrun
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Parkrun (stylised as parkrun) is a collection of 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) events for walkers, runners and volunteers that take place every Saturday morning at more than 2,000 locations in 22 countries across six continents. Junior Parkrun (stylised as junior parkrun) is a spin-off event that provides a 2 kilometres (1+1⁄4 mi) event for children aged 4–14 on a Sunday morning. Parkrun events are free to enter and are delivered by volunteers, supported by a small group of staff at its headquarters.
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Parkrun is a community event that takes place each Saturday morning where entrants walk, jog, or run a 5-kilometre course. Events take place at a range of general locations including parks, forests, rivers, lakes, beaches, and nature reserves. The first ever parkrun event took place on 2 October 2004 in Bushy Park, London involving 13 runners. Today more than 3 million people across more than 2,000 locations in 22 countries participate in parkrun each week. Parkrun events are free to enter and are delivered by volunteers.
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Given this paragraph, can you tell me why Santa Barbara is referred to as The American Riviera?
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Santa Barbara is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Santa Barbara's climate is often described as Mediterranean, and the city has been dubbed "The American Riviera".
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Santa Barbara is referred to as The American Riviera because of it's temperate climate and south-facing orientation to the coastline.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Ferguson, Missouri (CNN)Loistine Hoskin cared for her old car as a sentimental possession, missing a tire while parked beside her home, until one day the city ticketed her for having a "derelict vehicle in driveway." A tow truck took it away in 2009. So began an odyssey with Ferguson police, municipal court and city hall that left her with $1,200 in fines that to this day she still doesn't fully understand. She paid the sum because endless court hearings about the car wore her down. "I don't have a lawyer. I'm not a lawyer. It's me going up against the city of Ferguson when the attorneys won't help," Hoskin said this week. She never saw again her 1996 Oldsmobile Ninety-Eight with 168,000 miles. Its location is a mystery. She accepts the loss because at least she's not in jail, where city authorities threatened to put her at one point, she said. While Hoskin's surrender of both car and $1,200 to the city may seem a matter of personal choice, the U.S. Justice Department revealed this week a "pattern and practice" of racial discrimination within Ferguson that may lend credibility to Hoskin's account of a government run amok. Just about every branch of Ferguson government -- police, municipal court, city hall -- participated in "unlawful" targeting of African-American residents such as Hoskin for tickets and fines, the Justice Department concluded this week. The millions of dollars in fines and fees paid by black residents served an ultimate goal of satisfying "revenue rather than public safety needs," the Justice Department found. To the outside world, the federal findings were staggering, but to Hoskin and other longtime residents, the conclusion was nothing new. They've felt it all along, they say. It's only now that federal authorities have documented the institutionalized racism, as part of a civil rights investigation after a white police officer's fatal shooting of an unarmed black teen, Michael Brown, 19, last summer. The officer, Darren Wilson, was cleared of federal civil rights violations this week and was earlier cleared of criminal wrongdoing. The Justice Department is expected to pursue a court-supervised consent decree that requires the city of Ferguson to make changes to its police and courts. "It's definitely a vicious cycle," said Hoskin, 64, a retired airline reservation agent. "Unfortunately for most people who are in this cycle, they continue to be in a downward spiral because they can't get jobs, they can't do anything, they can't pay the fines." Hoskin's household has experienced its share of ugly encounters with Ferguson police, the family said. Hoskin's daughter was ticketed by police in what she described as racial profiling, she said. In 2007, Kimberly Hoskin got a $124 ticket for driving her sister's car, which wasn't insured in Missouri, and then had to pay an additional $100 fine when she missed a court appearance because of an emergency appendectomy. The court, she said, rejected her medical excuse and issued a warrant for her arrest. She paid a total of $224 in fines because she was in the middle of a job search and didn't want an outstanding warrant to prevent her from getting a good job. "Why is it that all the people in court are black?" Kimberly Hoskin said of defendants in municipal court. "I've had so many police officers make a U-turn, follow me, run my plates, find out everything is OK, then turn around and go back in the direction they were going. "There's nothing we can do. In Ferguson, the police do what they want to do. Ferguson does what it wants," said Kimberly Hoskin, 35, who now works the overnight shift on a General Motors manufacturing line. City officials and police declined to respond to CNN's requests this week for comment about the Hoskin family's assertions. Last September, the City Council repealed administrative fees imposed by police when overseeing the release of a towed vehicle, the mayor said. The city also no longer has a specific offense for failing to appear in court, which eliminates certain additional fees and court costs, the mayor said. The Justice Department's report details how Ferguson operated a vertically integrated system -- from street cop to court clerk to judge to city administration to city council -- to raise revenue for the city budget through increased ticketing and fining. Ferguson's budget increases were so sizable that city officials exhorted police and court staff to levy more and more fines and tickets against violators, who turned out to be largely African-American, the Justice Department said. The demands for revenue were so intense that the police department had "little concern with how officers do this," even disciplining officers who failed to issue an average of 28 tickets a month, the Justice Department report said. Officers competed "to see who could issue the largest number of citations during a single stop," the Justice Department said. One apparent winner was an officer who issued 14 tickets at a single encounter, according to the federal investigation report. Many police stops of civilians "have little relation to public safety and a questionable basis in law," the report said. Ferguson police chief mum on federal report . Indeed, Ferguson enjoyed so much success in issuing tickets and fines that Ferguson, population 21,000, was ranked in the top eight of the 80 municipal courts in St. Louis County by having more than $1 million in revenue in 2010, the report said. When Ferguson court revenues exceeded $2 million in 2012, the city manager responded to the police chief in an internal email: "Awesome! Thanks!" according to the federal report. Even municipal judges were pressured to boost revenue. "The city has made clear to the police chief and the municipal judge that revenue generation must also be a priority in court operations," the federal investigation found. The city finance director said in a 2011 report that the municipal judge had been successful since 2003 in increasing court collections, and that internal 2011 city report noted a judge's statement that "none of these changes could have taken place without the cooperation of the court clerk, the chief of police, and the prosecutor's office," the Justice Department investigation found. Cash filled the city treasury. By 2013, revenue from enforcing municipal codes reached $2.46 million, the federal report said. By 2015, the city anticipated that fines and fees would account for 23% of the budget, or $3.09 million of $13.26 million in general fund expenses, the Justice Department found. Just five years earlier, court fines and fees made up only 12% of the budget, or $1.38 million of $11.07 million in general fund revenues, the Justice Department found. The fines were among the highest of surrounding municipalities. For example, area parking fines ranged from $5 to $100, but Ferguson's parking fine was $102. A fine for "weeds/tall grass" was $5 in one nearby city, but Ferguson's fine ranged from $77 to $102, the Justice Department found. The federal government made a forceful conclusion: . "City, police and court officials for years have worked in concert to maximize revenue at every stage of the enforcement process, beginning with how fines and fine enforcement processes are established," the federal report said. After the Justice Department's announcement this week, Ferguson Mayor James Knowles told reporters that he, Police Chief Tom Jackson and City Attorney Stephanie Karr met with federal officials about their findings and initiated several initiatives, including reforms to the municipal court. Knowles said municipal judges have created a docket for alleged offenders having trouble paying fines. Also, a defendant may ask a judge or prosecutor about different payment plans or alternative sentencing, the mayor said. Defendants have been required to pay an entire fine at once, regardless of ability to pay, the federal report said. The city also passed an ordinance last September to cap municipal court revenues at 15% of the city's overall budget, the mayor said. That figure is half Missouri's legal limit, he added. All the reforms are intended to "move this city, its residents and our entire community forward," the mayor said. Back at her home, Loistine Hoskin recalled the height of absurdity in her fight against the city, which occurred shortly after her husband, Calvin, died in 2008 of complications from paralysis he suffered in a car accident three years earlier. She had been his caregiver. She appeared in court to appeal the citation, but an officer arrested her and put her in the back of the squad car. Her offense? Failing to appear in court, she said. She spent four hours in jail. She insists she made every court date. For now, she lives in fear of the police, even at home. "We just got to a point where we said we're just not going to have anyone over -- because they were fearful when they left they would get some ticket, and they didn't even live here," Hoskin said. CNN's Ed Lavandera and Tristan Smith contributed from Ferguson. Michael Martinez reported and wrote this story from Los Angeles.
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Loistine Hoskin gave up fighting the city, paying $1,200 in fines over a broken-down car . Her daughter recounts how she was racially profiled for a $124 ticket . Ferguson mayor announces reforms so his troubled town can move forward .
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Manuel Pellegrini and his Manchester City squad touched down on home soil on Thursday evening following their Champions League dismissal by Barcelona the night before. The likes of Sergio Aguero, Joe Hart and Pablo Zabaleta wore pained expressions as they left Manchester airport following their humbling at the Nou Cup. Ivan Rakitic’s 31st-minute strike was enough to secure a 1-0 victory and ease the Catalan giants into the quarter-final of the European Cup with a 3-1 aggregate win. Pablo Zabaleta (left) and Sergio Aguero leave Manchester Airport following their defeat by Barcelona . Manchester City boss Manuel Pellegrini has now lost to the La Liga giants four times during his tenure . Frank Lampard (left) and Bacary Sagna will have little time to rest on their laurels this week . Joe Hart was in inspired form against Barcelona as he thwarted a host of attacks from the Catalans . Aguero had a penalty saved in the 78th minute that would have made the closing stages more interesting, but the reality is that Barcelona threatened to humiliate the Barclays Premier League champions only for a heroic goalkeeping performance from Hart. The squad returned to Manchester late on Thursday evening after they remained in Barcelona overnight and held a session at Espanyol's training ground earlier in the day. The players were given no time to mull over their European exit after they were taught a lesson over two legs by Lionel Messi and Co. Manuel Pellegrini has been beaten four times by Barcelona since becoming Manchester City manager . After such a commanding performance by the La Liga leaders captain Vincent Kompany was forced to admit that Manchester City are still a long way behind the very best in Europe. 'The reality is they were a better team, there is no shame in admitting that. For me there is a big, big difference. 'I will just mention Bayern Munich and Barcelona, and then there are the rest of the teams, with Real Madrid probably in between. 'Ultimately we have always said our goal is to become as good as them, but it will take some time. They are really good.' Ivan Rakitic scores the only goal of the game as Barcelona progress against Manchester City . Rakitic is mobbed by his Barcelona team-mates after his 31st-minute strike in the second leg . Pellegrini echoed Kompany's comments and admitted that Barcelona, with the mesmeric Messi at the helm, are simply a better side than City at present. ‘Messi was imperious - at the moment we have to accept Barcelona are better,' said Pellegrini. ‘It is not a failure, it is a disappointment. We have been unlucky to play Barcelona for two years in a row. We have had a restriction on the number of players we can use in the Champions League.' 'It is very difficult to beat Barcelona, but the statistics I don’t care about. ‘We cannot analyse what we will do next season because it is too soon after this result. We can do that later. ‘It is not easy to play Barcelona. This is the draw, they are very strong. At least we have improved.’ City host West Bromwich Albion at the Etihad on Saturday lunchtime as they bid to get their title challenge back on track after a shock defeat by Burnley last weekend.
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Manchester City were knocked out of Europe by Barcelona on Wednesday . Ivan Rakitic’s 31st-minute strike was enough to secure a 1-0 victory . Barcelona progressed to the quarter-final following a 3-1 aggregate win . Manuel Pellegrini has been beaten four times by Barcelona since becoming City manager . City host West Bromwich Albion at the Etihad on Saturday .
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Luis Suarez paid back another huge chunk of his transfer fee at the Nou Camp with the goal that won the Clasico — and quite possibly the Spanish league title for Barcelona. Running on to a long pass forward by Dani Alves, Suarez took the ball brilliantly in his stride and, with both Sergio Ramos and Pepe closing in, he found Iker Casillas’ far corner with well-struck shot. 'It's the most important goal I have scored for the club so far,' he said. 'And of course it means even more because of who it was against. I tried to make the most of the space I found between the defenders and to get the shot away as quickly as I could. Luckily it worked out.' Luis Suarez scored his first goal in El Clasico as Barcelona edged out Real Madrid 2-1 at the Nou Camp on Sunday . Suarez scored the winner past the outstretched leg of Pepe and the helpless Iker Casillas in the 56th minute at the Nou Camp . Suarez kneels on the Nou Camp turf and clenches his fists in celebration after scoring in Sunday night's victory over rivals Real Madrid . Barcelona celebrate Suarez's goal that settled the game and moved them four points clear in the La Liga title race . Suarez's first goal in El Clasico could prove to be crucial at the end of the season as it gave Barcelona a commanding four-point lead . Cristiano Ronaldo and Karim Benzema look on as they watched Real Madrid's title hopes suffer a huge blow at the Nou Camp . Lionel Messi failed to shine under the lights at the Nou Camp as he struggled to make his mark on the game . Barcelona: Bravo, Alves, Pique, Mathieu, Alba, Rakitic (Busquets 76), Mascherano, Iniesta (Xavi 80), Messi, Suarez, Neymar (Rafinha 85). Subs not used: Ter Stegen, Pedro, Bartra, Adriano. Goals: Mathieu 19, Suarez 56. Booked: Alves, Alba, Mascherano, Iniesta, Suarez. Real Madrid: Casillas, Carvajal, Pepe (Varane 73), Ramos, Marcelo, Modric (Borges 88), Kroos, Isco (Jese 80), Bale, Ronaldo, Benzema. Subs not used: Navas, Hernandez, Arbeloa, Illarramendi. Goals: Ronaldo 31. Booked: Carvajal, Pepe, Ramos, Modric, Isco, Ronaldo. Attendance: 98,760. Referee: Antonio Miguel Mateu Lahoz. The win puts Barcelona four points clear with only 10 games left and after last year’s disappointment with Liverpool, Suarez could now be in line for a league winners’ medal in Spain. But he added: 'There is still a long way to go and we know it will be difficult. We have to make the most of the advantage we now have. But we know we can't relax especially against a rival as strong as Madrid.' Jubilant Barca coach Luis Enrique praised Suarez saying: ‘He finished the goal like very few players can. He is a striker who can score goals like this, but he is also technical enough to play the football we play and physical enough to compliment the other players in the side. We signed him for nights like this.’ The game looked to be slipping away from Barcelona after they were made to suffer in the first half. Luis Enrique admitted: ‘The goal calmed us down a lot in the second half. It’s a big a win against our eternal rival but we have a lot of difficult games to go before the league is won. 'The win means more because this is a very good Madrid side.’ Until Suarez struck the night had belonged to Cristiano Ronaldo, who responded to a week of global adulation for Lionel Messi by equalising in the first half to silence the Camp Nou after Jeremy Mathieu opened the scoring. Ronaldo’s every touch was booed — even from his first run down the left inside 60 seconds. It only took Messi 10 minutes to mark up his first nutmeg, sending the ball through Toni Kroos’ legs, but it was Real with a pumped-up Ronaldo who made much of the early running and he hit the bar from Karim Benzema’s cross. At the other end, Pepe and Suarez clashed and Barcelona were awarded a free-kick. Messi took it and, powering in ahead of Ramos, Mathieu headed past Casillas for his first Barcelona goal. The hosts should have doubled their lead but Neymar made a mess of a Suarez assist and they paid the price as Real Madrid scored with their next attack. Luka Modric played the ball to Karim Benzema, the Frenchman’s flick found Ronaldo in space and he swept the ball past Claudio Bravo. Suarez was booked for leaving his foot in on Pepe, who had already gone in late on the Uruguayan. Jeremy Mathieu headed Barcelona into the lead at the Nou Camp with 19 minutes played in the La Liga showdown . The Frenchman got in front of Real Madrid defender Sergio Ramos to head his team into the lead at the Nou Camp . Real Madrid goalkeeper Casillas watches on as Mathieu's header in the 19th minute finds the back of his net . Mathieu celebrates with his Barcelona team-mates after giving his team the lead in El Clasico . Ronaldo and Pique challenge for the ball in the air while Ivan Rakitic attempts to hold off Gareth Bale in the area as Ronaldo watches on . Barcelona were hanging on before half-time and Gareth Bale thought he had scored from Ronaldo’s flicked header — only for the goal to be disallowed because the Portuguese was offside. Five minutes into the second half Benzema almost put Real ahead after a fine move but was somehow denied by Bravo. Suarez had been quiet since his booking in the first half but, when Alves played him through with a brilliant first touch, he controlled the ball inside the area and rifled into the far corner. Ronaldo levelled the scores for Real Madrid just before half-time at the Nou Camp when he prodded the ball into the back of the net . Ronaldo runs away to celebrate after beating Barcelona goalkeeper Claudio Bravo to draw Real Madrid level . The Portuguese forward is congratulated by Toni Kroos and Dani Carvajal after his equaliser in the first half . Ronaldo had earlier rattled the crossbar of Bravo with his volley from a cross at the far post . There was still work to do and Barcelona desperately needed the third goal. Neymar should have scored it twice but both times shot wide, with Suarez better placed on the first occasion. Suarez could also have scored again wriggling away from Dani Carvajal only to pull his shot wide. Real Madrid kept going forward and as with the very first chance of the second period Benzema was denied by Bravo. Jordi Alba then steamed through on to a Messi pass only for the ball to be cleared for a corner. From the kick Suarez sent a shot high over Casillas’ bar. It now seemed as if Barcelona were chasing the late goal and the Spain keeper again saved from Messi. Suarez restored Barcelona's lead early in the second half with a clinical finish past Casillas into the bottom corner . Real Madrid goalkeeper Casillas was left with no chance by the Barcelona striker's clinical finish into the bottom corner . Uruguayan striker Suarez celebrates scoring Barcelona's second goal to give them the lead again in El Clasico . Suarez celebrates his first goal in El Clasico since moving to Spain from Liverpool in the summer of 2014 . There were 11 bookings on the night and Javier Mascherano and Ronaldo clattered into each other midway through the second half. But the game was more 'crash bang wallop' than containing any of the bad blood of previous meetings. Suarez thrives in games this frenetic and in that sense it was no surprise his contribution was decisive. He may even have decided the title race. Real Madrid coach Ancelotti said: ‘The league is more difficult now. We have to keep going and play as we did in the first half for 90 minutes. I don’t think we made any mistakes when you have Suarez against you then he can do that. He finds the space and when the right pass comes he can finish. Our heads are down but we still have a lot to play for.’ Neymar reacts after missing a chance from point-blank range and gifting Real Madrid goalkeeper Casillas with an easy save . Gareth Bale had the ball in the back of the net for Real Madrid, but the assistant referee had already raised his offside flag . Real Madrid forward Ronaldo is shown a yellow card by the referee during the first half at the Nou Camp . Barcelona forward Neymar and Real Madrid's Welsh winger Bale are pulled apart by the referee after an exchange . Suarez remonstrates with referee Antonio Miguel Matey Lahoz after being booked in the Clasico . A huge mosaic from the 95,000 crowd at the Nou Camp greeted the players as they entered the pitch for the La Liga battle .
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Luis Suarez scored the decisive goal as Barcelona edged out Real Madrid at the Nou Camp . El Clasico victory puts Barcelona four points clear in La Liga title race with 10 games remaining . Jeremy Mathieu gave Barcelona the lead in the 19th minute with a header past Iker Casillas . Cristiano Ronaldo equalised for Real Madrid before half-time at the Nou Camp . Suarez scored the winner in the 56th minute to secure all three points for Luis Enrique's side . CLICK HERE to see how all the action unfolded . PLAYER RATINGS: Gerard Pique delivers a world-class display, but Gareth Bale flops .
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(CNN)Every year, animal handlers travel throughout England and Wales to compete at agricultural shows. Jooney Woodward's "Best in Show" is a documentation of those competitions, with photos that place a spotlight on the handlers and their animals. "When you go to (the shows), they tend to be all about the animals -- people photographing the animals," Woodward said. "I just wanted to turn my attention onto the people because they're so committed to what they do. They're really devoted and hardworking." While those involved with the competitions are the focus of many press photographers, Woodward's work stands out for its distinctive portraiture style. "My work is a bit more composed. I use a medium-format camera and a tripod, so it is a bit more static in a way," she said. "I think everybody is so proud of their animals that when I said to them that, 'I'd love a portrait of you and your cow,' everyone was more than willing to give up their time and help because they're so passionate about what they do." The "Best in Show" portraits lead viewers down a winding pathway to ponder those inexplicable yet noticeable connections and bonds that exist between the handlers and their animals. Woodward's photos also contain subtle details. For example, the symbols and signs on the wall behind Wendy and her Hereford yearling heifer Mandalay Juliette are just as significant as the handler and her animal. "It's just the way (Wendy) had gone through the effort of decorating the pen (with Union Jacks) where the cows were being kept," Woodward said. "There's also a sign behind (her) ... and there's a picture of a gentleman with a cow, who is actually her husband who had died a few years ago. ... I just thought that was nice, something quite sentimental about that." There are not only sentimental subtleties within "Best in Show," but also fun and interesting ones as well. This is especially evident in the photo of the traditional Welsh pigs being judged, as Woodward points out there is an advertisement for sausages behind the pigs. Regardless of what elements make up Woodward's photos, the emotions and aesthetics remain particularly important. Woodward said that when photographing Jamie and his Jersey cow, his happiness and smile made her want to "share that sense of enjoyment" that handlers have when competing with their animals in the shows. What drew Woodward to Harriet and her guinea pig Gentleman Jack were the similar colors radiating from both of them. Her photo of the pair won the National Portrait Gallery's Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait Prize in 2011. "(Harriet) was like a steward, she was sort of judging the guinea pigs. And she also had her own guinea pig with her, which had red as well," Woodward said. "I just thought that was incredibly striking. I thought, 'I've got to get a shot of that.' " The dynamics of the competitions foster a community atmosphere in which everybody becomes acquainted with one another after having traveled to different shows for so many years. Woodward said this was an enjoyable aspect of her work because "you get to see lots of familiar faces." Social media . Follow @CNNPhotos on Twitter to join the conversation about photography. She has learned about the pride the handlers have toward their animals, and many of her presumptions about the competitions have now changed after having worked on "Best in Show." "I think when I first started going, I was sort of thinking the shows would be more novelty, fun things for these people," she said. "But, actually, it isn't really; it's quite a serious thing, because they can make money from breeding." In addition to handlers earning significant money from breeding, they are also able to achieve recognition for their livestock. Those competing have a lot at stake when they make the decision to travel and compete, because the shows are just as much business events as they are social gatherings. The competitions are also rather family-oriented, and Woodward said that while adults compete, their sons, daughters and grandchildren are involved as well. The younger generations are likely to one day take over the responsibility of running the family farms, and everyone that participates seems to have a strong sense of pride and passion for agriculture. "I think it's something I will always document for the rest of my life, and see how things change," Woodward said. "It was challenging, insightful and fun." Jooney Woodward is a British photographer based in London. You can follow her on Instagram.
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Jooney Woodward took portraits of show animals and their handlers in the UK . The livestock shows are just as much business events as they are social gatherings .
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Mesut Ozil has defended his decision to swap shirts with Geoffrey Kondogbia on the pitch during Arsenal’s Champions League clash with Monaco on Tuesday evening. The Germany international faced criticism for trading jerseys with the French midfielder at half-time as Arsene Wenger’s side were eliminated from the Champions League despite a 2-0 win at Stade Louis II. ‘Geoffrey Kondogbia asked me for my shirt and I wanted to do him a favour,’ Ozil told Sky Sports Germany. Arsenal midfielder Mesut Ozil came under criticism for the shirt swap at half-time in Monaco on Tuesday . Ozil swapped shirts with Geoffrey Kondogbia at half-time of Arsenal's Champions League clash with Monaco . Ozil later defended his decision to swap shirts at the break after facing criticism . ITV pundit Paul Scholes (centre) is pictured alongside Andy Townsend (left) and Lee Dixon on Tuesday . ‘Maybe I should have given him the shirt in the tunnel. But seriously guys, is there nothing more important to discuss for a knockout game than a shirt swap?’ Former Manchester United midfielder Paul Scholes, who was working as a pundit for ITV, was unhappy with Ozil’s move as he made his way to Arsenal’s dressing room. ‘I don’t like it — at the end of the game, maybe. But I’m not a big fan even then,’ said Scholes. ‘You do it once you’re in the tunnel or once you’re in the dressing room, out of the way of everyone. At half-time, it’s not for me.’ The incident was not the first time an Arsenal player has come under fire for swapping shirts as Andre Santos faced criticism for trading jerseys with Robin van Persie at half-time during the club’s 2-1 defeat to Manchester United in 2012. Ozil (right) is closed down by Monaco's Jeremy Toulalan at the Stade Louis II on Tuesday . Former team-mates Andre Santos and Robin van Persie share a moment on the Old Trafford pitch in 2012 . Santos asks Holland international striker Van Persie for his shirt at half-time . Van Persie hands his former Arsenal team-mate his shirt at Old Trafford .
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Mesut Ozil has defended his decision to swap shirts at half-time . Arsenal beat Monaco 2-0 on Tuesday but were knocked out of the UEFA Champions League on away goals . Ozil came under criticism for trading jerseys with Geoffrey Kondogbia . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news .
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Kabul, Afghanistan (CNN)Grieving women carried her coffin high on their shoulders in scenes many said they had never witnessed before in the Afghan capital. Men are traditionally pallbearers in Kabul, where days earlier a mob of male attackers beat and kicked 27-year-old Farkhunda before tossing her off a bridge, setting her body on fire and throwing it in the river. Like many Afghans, Farkhunda used only one name. Early reports suggested that Farkhunda was mentally ill, but her tearful father, Nadir, told CNN affiliate TOLOnews she was a religious teacher who taught the Quran to children. He said there was no way his daughter would burn pages of the holy book, which has been cited as the motive for the horrific attack. Twenty-six people have been arrested in connection with the brutal killing, Afghanistan's Interior Minister Noorul Haq Ulumi said Monday in a statement before parliament. Farkhunda's parents said the killing was instigated by a local mullah of the Shah-e-Do Shamshera Mosque in the city's center, who had been angered by Farkhunda's accusations that he was distributing false tawiz. Tawiz are pieces of paper containing verses of the Quran which are sometimes worn as pendants to ward off evil and bring the wearer good luck. TOLOnews reported that "in order to save his job and life," the mullah reportedly began shouting accusations that Farkhunda had burned the Quran. Witnesses said a crowd gathered and hauled Farkhunda into the street. "We were asking the people to stop beating her and let us ask what religion she belongs to," one witness told TOLOnews. "But the people didn't listen to us and kept beating her." Afghanistan's Ministry of Hajj and Religious Affairs said it had found no evidence Farkhunda burned the Quran. Meanwhile, Afghan President Ashraf Ghani condemned the killing as "heinous" and ordered a commission to investigate it fully. Farkhunda's father said those guilty of killing his daughter should face justice: "I don't want blood of my daughter go in vain." Thirteen police officials have been suspended in connection with the attack, according to Interior Ministry spokesman Sediq Seddiqi. He earlier confirmed 11 people had been arrested. "We're very interested particularly to see what happens in terms of the investigation of the police behavior," said Patricia Grossman, Afghanistan researcher for Human Rights Watch. "That was, for us, one of the most troubling aspects of this case -- that the police did not intervene adequately and properly to save her when there was an opportunity to do so." On Sunday, as they watched Farkhunda's casket being carried to her grave, the crowd shouted "Kabul police officials should be fired," according to Afghan human rights activist Ramin Anwari. Government officials, ministers, journalists and civil society members were among the thousands of people who attended her funeral, Anwari said. Many of them are expected to attend a large rally planned for Tuesday outside Afghanistan's Supreme Court in Kabul to call for justice for Farkhunda, he said. A Facebook page has been created in support of the cause. On Friday, the United Nations issued a statement condemning the killing "in the strongest terms." "We are encouraged by initial reports of the arrest of several suspects, but call on the authorities to investigate this incident fully and bring to justice all persons who actively participated in the killing, or aided and abetted it," said Elzira Sagynbaeva, the representative in Afghanistan for UN Women. She said the rise in cases of violence against women and girls in Afghanistan had become a "major concern" and must not be tolerated. Grossman of Human Rights Watch said the attack was unusual because it took place in public and in the capital. However, she added,"Violence against women is rampant in Afghanistan. That's the kind of thing we'd like to see people address beyond this particular case." CNN's Greg Botelho and Jessica King contributed to this report.
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Family says Farkhunda, 27, made accusations against a local mullah . Mullah reportedly began shouting that she had burned the Quran .
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Gloucester have announced that Tom Lindsay will be joining the club from Wasps at the end of the season. The 27-year-old hooker has spent the whole of his career at Wasps since joining 11 years ago, making over 100 appearances and going on to achieve international recognition with the England Saxons. He has been a regular in the squad this season, but has opted to move to Kingsholm as they build for the 2015-16 season. Gloucester have announced that Tom Lindsay will be joining the club from Wasps at the end of the season . Director of rugby David Humphreys was pleased with the deal, telling the club's official website: "We are delighted to be bringing a player of Tom's quality and experience to the squad for next season. 'His set-piece work is good, he carries the ball well, he's English qualified with a lot of experience and we hope has his best years ahead of him. 'Next season is unique due to the delayed start of the Aviva Premiership and the intensity of the season after the Rugby World Cup will test the depth of every squad. We are preparing for that and continue to build a squad with quality players competing for each starting spot.' Lindsay, who will compete with Richard Hibbard and Darren Dawidiuk for a starting berth, added: 'I feel that the time is now right for me to experience a new environment to help me really develop and achieve my potential. 'The opportunity to move to Gloucester is an exciting one, and one I'm really looking to when the time arises. 'I've always enjoyed playing at Kingsholm, it's a great, traditional rugby venue and, with the city hosting Rugby World Cup matches in 2015, it's going to be a great place to be next season.'
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Gloucester announce Tom Lindsay will join club in the summer . 27-year-old hooker has spent his whole career at Wasps .
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The friend of a 15-year-old girl raped, bludgeoned to death and dumped in a wooded valley on her way to high school in 2002 has been charged with murder. Los Angeles County police say it is a major breakthrough in the cold case of Brenda Sierra - who they believe was slaughtered in a brutal act of gang revenge. Just ten days before the killing in October 2002, Brenda's brother had testified in a drive-by shooting case. Now police say her friend Rosemary Chavira, also 15 at the time, 'coordinated' her kidnap by possible street gang members and watched them sexually abuse and kill her. Scroll down for video . Cold case: Brenda Sierra, 15 (left) was kidnapped, raped, bludgeoned to death and dumped in a valley in 2002 in a suspected act of gang revenge. Her former friend Rosemary Chavira (right) is charged with murder . Mourning: File footage of Brenda's funeral. Her family have had to wait 13 agonising years for answers . Officers also have three male 'persons of interest', two of whom are now in custody being questioned. The third, named as George Barazza, is believed to have fled to Mexico. In a previous appeal they said Barazza 'may travel back and forth across the border' and was also wanted on a 'no-bail' arrest warrant for a prior narcotics conviction. Police say they expect charges to be filed against three men in the next month. Chavira, now 27, was arrested on Friday near her home in Lancaster, California, over the murder, which took place when the pair were living among the Hispanic community in East Los Angeles. In Mexico: George Barazza is the only one of three male 'persons of interest' to have been named . The Los Angeles County District Attorney has filed charges of special circumstances of felony murder during the commission of a kidnapping and rape and gang allegations. LA County police lieutenant Dave Coleman told a press conference: 'She actually was a friend of Brenda at the time and coordinated the kidnap itself, and evidence indicates to us that she was present during the rapes and during the murder. 'Her brother had testified in a drive-by shooting approximately ten days before her kidnapping.' Because she was 15 years old at the time of the murders, Chavira faces life in prison without parole if she is convicted. She pleaded not guilty at an initial hearing yesterday. Brenda was walking to a friend's house on her way to Schurr High School when she was abducted in the street at 7.30am on October 18, 2002. Her body was discovered the next day in the Valley of Enchantment area of the City of Crestline, in San Bernardino County. The San Bernardino Sheriff’s Department investigated the brutal murder for six years before it was passed over to the detectives of Los Angeles County. Despite the offer of a $150,000 reward and the release of composite sketches of two male suspects in 2012, an arrest was never made. But detectives persisted with the case, using new DNA technology, surveillance footage, witnesses and clues from gang members who had relinquished their criminal past. For the first time, officers now believe they have a timeline for Brenda's final hours. They say she was kidnapped in the area of Whittier Boulevard and Leonard Avenue in East Los Angeles. Questioning: These composite sketches of two male suspects were released almost three years ago. Now police say they are questioning two men and expect to bring more charges within the next 30 days . Solemn: A floral memorial to the murdered teenager. Just ten days before the killing in October 2002, Brenda's brother had testified in a drive-by shooting case. Now police say Chavela 'coordinated' the kidnap . She was taken to a home in nearby Williamson Avenue, where she was sexually assaulted. She was then moved again to another home in Miller Avenue, where she was bludgeoned to death. Her body was later transported out of the city. Witnesses saw a 'suspicious, dark, SUV' in the area where her body was found, while other witnesses near Brenda's home saw 'one or two females' talking to her in the street. The case is another agonising twist for Brenda's mother Fabiola, who has waited 13 years for answers over her daughter's senseless murder. An LA County police spokesman claimed the force has 'worked tirelessly to bring her killers to justice'. They are still looking for outstanding witnesses. Lt Coleman said: 'We hope that anyone with knowledge of this horrific incident will overcome any fear of coercion or retaliation and come forward and bring justice to Brenda and her family.'
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Brenda Sierra was raped and body dumped in a wooded valley in 2002 . Now police have filed charges against former friend Rosemary Chavira . Officers say Chavira 'coordinated' kidnap and witnessed rapes and death . Three men are also suspected - two are in custody and one 'is in Mexico' Police have long believed crime was an act of revenge by a street gang . Brenda's brother testified over drive-by shooting 10 days before she died .
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Fighting for life: Connor Lynes was found collapsed on his bedroom floor morning after his rugby match . A 14-year-old boy was today fighting for his life after suffering a blood clot on his brain when he was injured playing rugby. Connor Lynes, of Hull, East Yorkshire, returned home after playing for his under-15s rugby league team on Saturday - but was found collapsed on his bedroom floor the next morning. After being taken to Hull Royal Infirmary, Connor was put in an induced coma and doctors removed 90 per cent of the clot - in a potentially life-saving operation. He was transferred to Leeds General Infirmary on Sunday, where he underwent another operation yesterday to try to remove the rest. Now, he may face a third surgery. His family are now asking people to pray for ‘little Robin’, who plays for Lambwath Lions. Connor’s uncle Dave Lynes said: ‘We want people to pray for Connor and keep their fingers crossed. We still do not know if he will pull through. It is just heartbreaking at the moment. ‘He is a cheeky little lad and he is full of mischief. He has got a heart of gold, has lots and lots of friends and is very popular at school, at his club and at Hull Kingston Rovers.’ Mr Lynes said Connor, who lives with his aunt, Sara, was injured after being tackled. He added: ‘Connor was playing rugby for his local under-15s team and took a bit of a hard hit in the tackle. They took him off straight away but he seemed fine. 'He was at home on Saturday night being his usual cheeky self. My sister got up the next morning and found him collapsed on the bedroom floor and rushed him to hospital.' Connor, who plays for Lambwath Lions, suffered a blood clot on his brain when he was injured playing rugby . Mr Lynes said it was tough for relatives to see Connor, a pupil at Winifred Holtby Academy, in hospital, adding that the family are 'totally powerless at the moment'. He said: ‘He has had such a hard life – he lost his father when he was young but is still such a cheeky lad. He is not just my nephew, but he is like a son to me as well.’ Mr Lynes said Connor loves rugby and is a huge fan of Super League side Hull Kingston Rovers. He added: 'Connor broke his leg four years ago and the doctors said he would never play rugby again. It was bad - he broke his tibia and fibula - but a year later, he was playing again. 'He loves the sport and is a massive rugby fan. He is a KR fan and I am a Hull fan and we have a lot of banter between us about it.’ Mr Lynes said: ‘Connor did come out the coma last night and is breathing unaided. He's opened his eyes and even managed a cheeky smile.’ Treated: Connor was put in an induced coma and doctors removed 90 per cent of the clot. He was transferred to Leeds General Infirmary (pictured) on Sunday, where he underwent another operation yesterday . Education: Connor, a pupil at Winifred Holtby Academy (above), is said to be 'very popular at school' Meanwhile, speaking on behalf of Connor’s family, Steve Ball, general manager of the Rugby and Football League Benevolent Fund, said he had visited the youngster at Leeds General Infirmary. The boy is still ‘very poorly’ but in a stable condition while relatives keep a vigil around his hospital bed. Mr Ball said today: ‘Thankfully he is conscious now and aware of his surroundings. He saw me and was able to give me a thumbs up. He may need to undergo a further surgery and we will find out in the next few days.’ He said that Connor had been playing in a group match for Lambwath Lions against another East Yorkshire team from Beverley. Mr Ball added: ‘It was a perfectly legitimate tackle and a freak accident really. He didn’t actually fall ill until the day after the match.’ Meanwhile, a Hull Kingston Rovers spokesman said: ‘Our thoughts are with young Connor Lynes, who is in intensive care following an injury playing the sport he loves yesterday. Get well soon Connor, from everyone at the club.'
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Connor Lynes returned home after playing for under-15s on Saturday . He was found collapsed on his bedroom floor in Hull the next morning . Youngster put in induced coma and doctors removed 90% of the clot . Connor underwent another operation yesterday to try to remove rest .
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What is the capital of Hawaii?
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Honolulu means "sheltered harbor" or "calm port" in Hawaiian; its old name, Kou, roughly encompasses the area from Nuʻuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street, which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city's desirability as a port accounts for its historical growth and importance in the Hawaiian archipelago and the broader Pacific region. Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845, first of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom, and after 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii. The city gained worldwide recognition following Japan's attack on nearby Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which prompted the entry of the U.S. into World War II; the harbor remains a major naval base, hosting the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command.
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Honolulu has been the capital of Hawaii since 1845. Honolulu has been the capital of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom and since 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii.
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Katie's approach to weight loss is five parts stick, zero parts carrot . Overweight children are the latest target for serial ranter Katie Hopkins. The controversial columnist has said that fat children should be forced to attend special sports schools until they shed excess weight. Writing in her column for Now! magazine, the 39-year-old said: 'The most upsetting thing of all is a fat child. 'Watching fat parents drop their fat kids off at school in their cars makes me so angry my teeth itch and my nipples twizzle.' The mother-of-three adds in her video blog for the magazine that she blames the parents for children with weight problems: 'I've always said that a fat child lives in the shadow of a fat parent. 'The fat kids go through the school gates and there's the fat mum in the car, who doesn't bother to get out, still wearing her pyjamas...and that really does my head in.' Citing government statistics that say one-in-10 four-year-olds are now overweight, the Celebrity Big Brother star even goes as far to say that, if she had her way, fat children would be 'sent to special sports schools until they make the grade.' Hopkins also opines that she thinks people in England are far too soft on 'fat shaming'. 'There's loads of fat kids and we don't say anything because that would be fat-shaming, or bullying...well, I disagree completely. 'In England, we're far too soft on it and we seem to think it's okay that people are pureeing KFC to spoon-feed to their babies.' Earlier this year, the opinionated former Apprentice star filmed herself gaining and losing four stone in an effort to prove that obesity is purely the fault of the person carrying the weight. Katie has form with insulting overweight people. On her television show Making My Fat, she was kicked out of an 800lb woman's house after rows. Now, she's turned her venom to children, saying obese kids should go to 'special sports schools' until they make the grade' Katie before her own weight gain (left) and after (right) In the programme, Katie was frequently seen bursting into floods of tears over her new body shape, but also over the amount of food that she has to eat every day to put on the weight. She loaded up on junk food every couple of hours, setting herself a target of 5,000 calories every day. Katie's doctor advised her not to go through with the programme, warning the star that she faced a number of health problems including liver strain, damaged knees, altered blood chemistry, and stretched skin among other issues. But she persisted with the experiment, going so far as to travel to North Carolina in the US to take part in an eating competition. Katie reveals she had to sleep next to a sick bucket because overeating made her feel so nauseous . At the fast food restaurant, customers are given 20 minutes to consume a monster burger, containing a kilo of meat and 8,000 calories. Katie gave the meal her best shot, but only succeeded in consuming around half. She said: 'There are two kids in there who are around 15 or 16 years old and they must weigh between 200 pounds (14.2 stone) and 300 pounds (21 stone) each. 'I can't understand why no one is telling them to stop. 'I feel really sorry for those children. Their parents were just there watching them eat. 'I just want to go and ask them to stop. 'I couldn't do that to my children. I could never feed my children to death.' Katie also visited an American called Nicky, a woman who weighs 803lb (57 stone). Nicky is often confined to her house because of the weight that she carries around. While the women initially got on like a house on fire, Katie quickly insulted Nicky and the women became embroiled in an argument, which saw her asked to leave the house. The TV star was unrepentant, telling the cameras: 'There is no way she is really happy. 'She has managed to become happy with what she has got by accepting it's rubbish. 'I would rather be put down than be Nicky.' Making My Fat followed Katie Hopkins as she gained 4st on a mammoth diet of 6,500 calories a day, then lost the weight through a healthy eating plan and exercise . The end of the programme saw Katie engage in extreme eating to try and put on the weight, gorging on 400 calories every couple of hours. Katie Hopkins strikes fear into the hearts of many people in the UK - she recently came second in a poll of the world's most hated people. The television star's documentary made her so disliked among larger ladies and men that they actively try to avoid her. She told FEMAIL: 'Fat people can be quite afraid of me, there is this sort of Hopkins fear. 'A lot of them will actually cross the road to avoid me if they see me walking down the street. Katie said she wanted her TLC documentary to start a debate about the nation's obesity crisis . 'Others will present me with their excuses before I have even opened my mouth, which is weird because it's not like I go around judging me all of the time. 'Fat mums completely avoid me, but that’s fine.' Katie has had a bee in her bonnet about overweight men and women for a couple of years. Last year she made headlines around the world after she revealed that she wouldn't hire a fat person because they are 'lazy'. So in the last six months, the 39-year-old decided to put on 30 per cent of her body weight in just three months and then lose it just as quickly, to prove that larger people only have themselves to blame for piling on the pounds. The star has very little time for larger people, admitting than she can hardly bear to touch anyone carrying a little extra fat, but she has even less for their excuses. Instead of laying the blame for Britain's obesity problem at the door of the takeaway shops and junk food companies, Katie says it is the fault of the individual and they need to be aware that it is not okay to look as they do. Katie said: 'At my heaviest during this television experiment, I weighed 12 stone. 'Nowadays, I hear a lot of women say 12st isn’t that big - they say that because you can be 12 stone and a size 14. 'But it's strange idea that we think 12st isn’t that big, I actually find it very alarming. 'We keep pushing up the boundaries, first of all 10st wasn't that big, then 11st and now 12st. 'I really worry about the re-sizing that we have done as a nation. 'By putting size 16 models in Debenhams shop windows and embracing bigger seats, bigger beds and bigger geriatric ambulances - we are re-scaling what we perceive as normal.' The controversial figure claims that while she didn't shed a tear at her wedding or the birth of her children, gaining 3st pushing her weight over 11st 'killed her' and left her in constant floods . But while Katie thinks the plus-size models in Debenhams shop windows are unacceptable, the super-skinny mannequins that recently caused an uproar in Topshop are acceptable in her eyes. She said: 'I don’t mind skinny mannequins. 'I didn’t think that they were particularly skinny, I thought that they looked pretty alright. 'There are a lot of kids at that age who are relatively skinny. I was a pretty skinny kid. 'In terms of sizing, Mango starts their plus-size collection at a size 12 and I’ve always said that size 12 is a size called fat. 'Because for me, it’s not necessarily that a size 12 is fat, it’s so that people can have a sense of what is normal. 'I believe that we take our cues on what is normal from what we see on the high street and as we are getting bigger, we are just re-sizing or super-sizing what we think is normal.' In part two of Katie's documentary she debated diet bloggers and plus-size campaigners . Katie's approach to weight loss is five parts stick, zero parts carrot. Asked about a fat tax as a potential solution, making customers pay a heftier tax on junk food than healthy produce, Katie scoffs and suggests a far more radical option. She says: 'I’m not averse to the idea of a fat tax, but I would go much more brutal than that. 'I think the fact that we don’t own our problems in this country is the biggest issue that we have. 'For instance, our NHS in this country is free at point of use, but most people perceive that as completely free. 'Therefore, any problem that they create with their body is also free, with someone else footing the bill.' She continued: 'Obese people are bankrupting us - they cost us something like £17.4 billion last year. 'We need to make these people own the problem. So, we should have a social security insurance scheme, whereby people are charged if they don’t make a genuine effort to look after their own health. 'If you don’t look after your own health, guess what? You’re going to pay more. So if you smoke, guess what? You’re going to pay more. You drink too much, guess what? You’re going to pay more. 'And if you eat yourself into being morbidly obese, then you’re going to pay for your hip operation as well. 'That would make people own their problems better than some kind of fat tax. 'Because this tea and sympathy lark just isn't working.'
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Controversial columnist says she finds 'fat children' upsetting . Adds that she would send overweight children to special sports schools . One in 10 four-year-olds are now overweight . The 39-year-old says people in England are too soft on 'fat-shaming' Hopkins put on four stone in three months for Making Me Fat TV show .
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What K-pop group did Kang Se-jung sing for?
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Kang Se-jung (born January 15, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut as a singer for the K-pop girl group Papaya in 2000; the group released two albums before disbanding in 2001. Kang began acting full-time in 2004, and has appeared in television series such as Assorted Gems (2009) and Heartless City (2013). Upon turning to acting, she used the stage name Go Na-eun before reverting to use of her birth name in 2017.
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Papaya
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When was Kyoto the capital of Japan?
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Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Honnō-ji Incident, the Kinmon incident and the Battle of Toba–Fushimi. The capital was relocated from Kyoto to Tokyo after the Meiji Restoration.
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The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto from 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court for eleven centuries until 1869.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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These are testing times for Scotland. The embarrassment of the wooden spoon and a possible Six Nations whitewash await on Saturday. Yet, still, some have faith. After four straight Six Nations defeats, it may seem that he is a little detached from the reality of the situation but Jim Hamilton, that most rugged of lock forwards, maintains this is a team on the verge of something special. The 32-year-old, who has won 60 caps during his nine-year international career, is not one to take a backwards on the field of play. And he insists that, despite results, Vern Cotter's men are heading in the right direction. Scotland lock Jim Hamilton has won 60 caps for his country spanning a nine-year international career . Ireland will attempt to rack up both the win and tries needed at BT Murrayfield on Saturday afternoon to apply a significant dose of pressure to Championship rivals England before they take on France in the evening kick-off. An onslaught awaits. But the man who Cotter calls his 'great, old warrior' was in no mood to take on the roll of cannon-fodder. And Hamilton, who has already experienced the pain of the wooden spoon in 2007 and 2012, said: 'I understand the results are the most important thing, but we definitely have some players who can do something really special in the near future. 'Having had the experiences I have had playing for Scotland and not having everything going our way and having to brush ourselves off in adversity, something good will come of the time we are going through just now I am sure. 'This squad is in a very good place, more so than in most Six Nations I have been involved in despite the results. On paper, it doesn't look like we've done too well as we haven't won a game, but I think it is fair to say that we are definitely on the up. Hamilton insists Scotland are heading in the right direction under Scotland coach Vern Cotter (above) 'We have some fantastic players coming through. Jonny Gray was just 21 on Saturday. Then you have Adam Ashe, Stuart Hogg, Finn Russell, Fraser Brown. We are building an unbelievably good squad of players and we are playing some great stuff. 'The biggest frustration is that in the past we have been the could-have, should-have, would-have side. The nearly team. But that will change under Vern Cotter with this group of players, no question. 'I genuinely, genuinely believe in what I am doing and what he is doing otherwise I would not be working as hard as I am to be here and trying to get into the Scotland team. 'Are we better than the wooden spoon this year? Yeah, we probably are. 'If we beat Ireland at the weekend, am I going to be happy with how we did in the Championship? No. I want to win games. I'm here to win Championships. I am here to be part of a Scotland successful team that will come good soon. 'Whether that is with me starting games, on the bench or in the squad helping the great young guys, I am determined to see it through as this team is heading in the right direction under Vern Cotter. Hamilton cites young talent such as 21-year-old lock Jonny Gray as reasons for optimism going forward . 'I will stay here as long as I possibly can to help our fortunes change which they will. I genuinely believe it will happen soon and this team will do very, very well.' Hamilton's optimism is not based in fantasy. Scotland have shown glimpses of what they can do — and, at times, their play has been a joy to behold. All they have to do now is execute Cotter's game plan without making the silly mistakes that have cost them victory in at least three of their Six Nations matches thus far. 'I genuinely believe winning is a habit we have simply got out off,' said the big second row. 'Having played for Leicester and for Saracens in games where we are not playing that well but go on to win, we got used to winning. It's a habit but losing is, as well. 'We can change that habit against Ireland and although we may go into it off some losses, we have positives to take from them. Young flanker Adam Ashe (right) is another player who has shown plenty of promise in recent games . 'For example, look at the England game when we lost early points but went in at half-time winning 13-10 — which just shows the maturity in what is a young squad. 'Also we are scoring some really exciting tries with some being fantastic, haven't they? 'It is now all about bringing everything together now into a full 80-minute performance. Can we win the game against Ireland at the weekend with what we've got? Of course we can. 'We have shown enough signs that we are good enough and provided we stop making naive mistakes, we can finish the Six Nations with a win and show how well this group of players is progressing.
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Scotland have lost their four Six Nations game in the tournament so far . Vern Cotter's side face Ireland in the final championship game on Saturday . Jim Hamilton has won 60 caps during a nine-year career for the Scots .
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Thousands of British holidaymakers were trapped in the French Alps after a giant 50-tonne boulder blocked a main mountain road. Falling rocks cut off popular resorts Val Thorens, Les Menuires and St Martin and ski enthusiasts were left stranded in a 50-mile tailback. Holiday coaches were stopped from entering and leaving the resorts in the Tarentaise Valley after authorities ruled the N117 road was too dangerous for large vehicles to use on Friday morning. Scroll down for video . Holidaymakers were trapped in the French Alps after a giant 50-tonne boulder blocked a main mountain, pictured a Red Cross rescuer (right) and other officials inspect rock slide . Rescue workers assess the damage after huge rocks cut off popular ski resorts Val Thorens, Les Menuires and St Martin . Tourists took to social media to vent their frustration at being stranded after the rockslide. Mike Parkes tweeted: 'Delay getting out of Alps due to 100 tonne boulder that has decided to fall into the road! #annoying This never happens to #judithchalmers.' Claire Zillman said: '1st for everything: 'a boulder cracked the road so there's no traveling in or out of this village. Skiing in Alps was spectacular until now.' Tour operators are planning to hire a fleet of minibuses so holidaymakers due to return home yesterday can be taken to their departing flights today. Hundreds of Britons on their way to the region were accommodated in the nearby town of Albertville. Crystal Ski Holidays, one of the British travel firms affected, said it arranged overnight accommodation for 500 UK holidaymakers arriving at Chambery and Geneva airports. A van is dwarfed by a giant boulder that fell on a major road leading to ski resorts in the French Alps . Thousand of holidaymakers were trapped in a 50-mile tailback, pictured is a traffic jam on the N90 highway between Albertville and Moutiers, in the Tarentaise valley . A message on its Twitter feed said: 'The authorities are presently only allowing light diverted traffic out of resort and no traffic up to resort. 'For customers in resort, please speak to your rep for details of accommodation for tonight. We are working on plans to get you home tomorrow.' A Crystal Ski Holidays spokesman added: 'People who have departed from various airports are being accommodated at Alberville, just down the valley. 'The authorities are not allowing us to use the road. We are trying to get people through the side roads but these are not suitable for coaches so we are organising a fleet of mini buses. 'We hope take them to the airport tomorrow.' Tourists took to social media to vent their frustration at being stranded after the rockslide . A road safety truck blocks access to the RD117 road in Moutiers, after huge rocks fell on Friday . Holiday coaches were stopped from entering and leaving the resorts after huge rocks fell on the road .
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British holidaymakers were trapped after 50-tonne boulder blocked road . Falling rocks cut off ski resorts Val Thorens, Les Menuires and St Martin . Thousands of skiers stranded in a 50-mile tailback in the French Alps . Road was ruled too dangerous for large vehicles to use Friday morning .
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England's friendly came with a Turin cloud for Manchester United as Chris Smalling was forced off before the end of the first-half. His injury curse seemed to strike again when he crumpled under a challenge and was unable to continue. Michael Carrick came on and Phil Jones curtailed his midfield experiment, which had not been going especially well, and dropped into defence. Chris Smalling had to be substituted against Italy on Tuesday night as the England defender felt unwell . Smalling crouches down on the ground before the half-time whistle at the Juventus Stadium in Turin . Smalling looked groggy as he trudged down the tunnel, but a spokesman from the Football Association said he was unwell, rather than injured. Manchester United will be hopeful he can be back in action quickly because his form has been excellent recently. Ahead of the eve of the game, Smalling agreed that he felt as if he was in the form of his career having won the trust of Louis van Gaal at Manchester United. 'The manager has shown a lot of faith in me and especially in these last couple of months,' said Smalling ahead of the game. 'I have stayed fit. The manager has chosen me and I am enjoying my football. Smalling is escorted off the pitch as Michael Carrick came on to replace the young centre back . The former Fulham defender has been in fine form for Manchester United in recent weeks .
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Chris Smalling started for England alongside Phil Jagielka in defence . Manchester United youngster forced off before half-time in Turin . Fears that it was head injury but FA spokesman says he was unwell . Smalling has been in fine form under Louis van Gaal in recent weeks .
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Queensland Reds player Karmichael Hunt was suspended for six weeks by the Australian Rugby Union, ordered to undergo a drug rehabilitation program and fined A$30,000 (£15,200) after admitting to cocaine possession Thursday. 28-year-old Hunt pleaded guilty in a Gold Coast court to four charges of possessing cocaine after purchasing 12.5 grams (0.4 ounces) of the drug from Sept. 1 to Oct. 3 when he was playing for the Australian Football League's Gold Coast Suns, an Australian rules football team. In court, he was fined $1,950 (£1,500) but had no conviction recorded. Hunt, who has also played in the National Rugby League, bought the drugs from a former professional rugby league player. Karmichael Hunt pleaded guilty in a Gold Coast court to four charges of possessing cocaine . The Reds, who signed Hunt to a three-year Super Rugby contract late last year, suspended the fullback on Feb. 20 when the drug investigation was first announced. The ARU and Queensland Rugby Union said that since Hunt had already missed two weeks of play while awaiting his court case, he will return during Super Rugby's eighth round. He will be allowed to train at the Reds practice facility at Ballymore at times when the rest of the squad is not there. 'We are extremely disappointed in Karmichael's actions as illicit substances have no place in rugby,' ARU chief executive Bill Pulver said. 'However we acknowledge that he is sincerely remorseful and has cooperated with the investigation and our integrity enquiries throughout this process. Karmichael has also accepted the penalty and consequences of his actions and understands the requirements of a professional athlete and the expectations of our code.' The Reds also said Hunt would no longer be a vice-captain of the team. 'I intend to work through the education and rehabilitation program and will return to the game in a way that sends a clear message to sports fans of all ages that the use of illicit substances has no place in sport,' Hunt said in a statement provided by the Reds. Hunt says he was relieved wiht the outcome and admitted it has been difficult for him and his family . Speaking outside court before his ARU suspension was announced, Hunt said he was relieved with the outcome. 'It's been a difficult couple of weeks for me and my family,' he said. 'We're looking forward to putting this process behind us.' In court, Hunt was provided with character references from several sports officials, including seven-time NRL premiership coach Wayne Bennett of the Brisbane Broncos. Hunt's lawyer Alastair McDougall told the court his client had shown remorse by pleading guilty. 'He's suffered enormous economic loss,' McDougall said. 'His two young daughters, with a third on the way, must grow up knowing their father has broken the law.' The same investigation which implicated Hunt also resulted in notices being served to eight current or former members of the Gold Coast Titans NRL team. Two of those players, Beau Falloon and Jamie Dowling, also had their cases initially dealt with on Thursday, but they'll return to court at a later date. Queensland's Crime and Corruption Commission also issued an arrest warrant for former Titan Steve Michaels, who is playing for Hull in England's Super League. Karmichael Hunt in action for the Queensland Reds in a Super Rugby match against the Brumbies last month .
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Queensland Reds player pleaded guilty to four counts of possession . Australian Rugby Union suspend Hunt for six weeks and fine him £15,200 . Code-crosser reportedly bought up to 12.5 grams of the illicit drug . Lawyer says it was a 'misguided month-long celebration' Hunt regrets . Court heard Hunt bought from ex-players John Touma and Matt Seers . Hunt will stand down as vice-captain of the Reds .
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What is the process by which utilities rates are set in the US
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Utility ratemaking is the formal regulatory process in the United States by which public utilities set the prices (more commonly known as "rates") they will charge consumers. Ratemaking, typically carried out through "rate cases" before a public utilities commission, serves as one of the primary instruments of government regulation of public utilities.
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The price of a utility's products and services will affect its consumption. As with most demand curves, a price increase decreases demand. Through a concept known as rate design or rate structure, regulators set the prices (known as "rates" in the case of utilities) and thereby affect the consumption. With declining block rates, the per-unit price of utility consumption decreases as the energy consumption increases. Typically a declining block rate is offered only to very large consumers. If conservation is the goal, regulators can promote conservation by letting prices rise. A third possible rate design is a flat rate which charges the same price for all consumption.
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Based on the given text, do beavers eat wood or do they only chop down trees for dams?
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Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 50 kg (110 lb). They have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.
Beavers build dams and lodges using tree branches, vegetation, rocks and mud; they chew down trees for building material. Dams restrict water flow, and lodges serve as shelters. Their infrastructure creates wetlands used by many other species, and because of their effect on other organisms in the ecosystem, beavers are considered a keystone species.
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Beavers are herbivorous and are known to consume tree bark as part of their diet. However, beavers often build dams and lodges using fallen tree branches and other vegetation that they chew with their teeth in order to make materials for restricting water flow and shelter.
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From the passage provided find how many runs did shane warne concede in the three-day first class match at the Brabourne Stadium
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Tendulkar scored 143 (131) runs in Sharjah against the Australian team in the 1998 Coca-Cola cup, including 5 sixes in an inning against Shane Warne, Damien Fleming and Michael Kasprowicz. The inning is known as the "Desert Storm" because it was interrupted by a sand storm. In 2020, a poll from the ICC declared it Tendulkar's best ODI inning.
In early 1998, while playing in an Australian tour of India, Tendulkar scored three consecutive centuries. The focus of the tour was the clash between Tendulkar and spinner Shane Warne, both at the peak of their careers. In the lead-up to the series, Tendulkar simulated scenarios in the nets with Laxman Sivaramakrishnan. In their tour opener, Australia faced Mumbai at the Brabourne Stadium in a three-day first class match. Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 204 runs as Shane Warne conceded 111 runs in 16 overs and Australia lost the match within three days. He also had a role with the ball in the five-match ODI series in India following the Tests, including a five wicket haul in an ODI in Kochi. Set 310 runs to win, Australia were cruising at 203 for 3 in the 31st over when Tendulkar turned the match for India, taking the wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for 32 runs in 10 overs. The Test match success was followed by two consecutive centuries in April 1998 in a Triangular cricket tournament in Sharjah—the first in a must-win game to take India to the finals and then again in the finals, both against Australia. These twin knocks were also known as the Desert Storm innings. Following the series, Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis.
Tendulkar's contribution in the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka paved the way for India's entry into the semifinals, when he took four Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in 128 balls.
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Shane Warne conceded 111 runs in 16 overs
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Martin Skrtel showed that he's fully recovered from the injury scare that forced him off in Liverpool's FA Cup quarter-final clash with Blackburn by posing for a photo in Monte Carlo - while wearing a £260 Givenchy t-shirt. The centre back was taken off on a stretcher in the first minute after a clash with Rudy Gestede left the Slovakian flat out on the Anfield pitch. Skrtel took to Instagram where he posted the snap of himself and wife Bara enjoying some time away from England. Martin Skrtel posted this image on his Instagram alongside his wife Bara in Monte Carlo, Monaco . The centre back was knocked unconscious and required eight minutes of treatment before being substituted . Skrtel is currently on a short-break in sunny Monte Carlo, Monaco, before he'll return to help Liverpool in their quest to finish in the Champions League qualification places. Liverpool travel to Swansea a week on Monday, knowing that a win is vital if they want to keep the pressure on Manchester United and Arsenal. Brendan Rodgers side have won their last three meetings with the Welsh outfit and scored an impressive ten goals. The last time the two sides met, the Reds comfortably won 4-1 including a double from Adam Lallana and ex-Liverpool man Jonjo Shelvey's own goal. Emre Can (centre) calls over to the Liverpool bench for medical attention after Skrtel's injury .
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Martin Skrtel posted a photo of himself and his wife Bara in Monte Carlo . The Liverpool player was also sporting a £260 Givenchy designer t-shirt . The Slovakian was taken off on a stretcher during the first minute in his sides 0-0 draw with Blackburn in the FA Cup quarter-final . Click here for all the latest Liverpool news .
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A young girl has staked her claim to be named the world's 'most talented' person after pulling a car weighing one-and-a-half tonnes with her hair. Representing her home country of Morocco for a new reality TV programme, Ikram Salhi showcased her special talent when she dragged the Mercedes-Benz across 32ft of flat road. She accomplished the amazing feat with the strength of her body after ropes were attached to her ponytail and the front end of the car. With ropes attached to her ponytail, Ikram Salhi prepares to pull a Mercedes-Benz car with her hair . Ikram assumed a crouching position before she begins to take smell steps towards the finish line . As Ikram prepares for the challenge, narrator Jonathon Ross tells viewers: ‘Public stunts like this are hugely popular throughout Morocco but it’s rarely a woman displaying such strength.’ Ikram then assumes a crouching position and begins taking small steps as the crowd around her applauds in encouragement. As the car starts to inch forward, Ikram stretches out her arms in front of her and picks up speed. Despite her slight build the young girl increases her pace and surges forward with the car following obediently behind. As the car starts to inch forward, Ikram stretches out her arms in front of her and picks up speed . Spectators watched in astonishment as the girl dragged the Mercedes-Benz across 32ft of flat road . After pulling the car a gruelling 32ft, Ikram is greeted with a handshake from shocked presenter David Brain. Discussing the feat, Ikram said: ‘I don’t feel anything when pulling the car. It doesn’t hurt. ‘I’m proud to honour the Moroccan women in my country, and I hope to be the strongest woman in Morocco.’ Despite her slight build the young girl increases her pace and surges forward towards the finish line . After the challenge Ikram said she didn't feel any pain and wants to become Morocco's strongest woman . David was full of awe for the talented and modest competitor. He said: ‘It sounds so simple, I don’t know how she does this. It looks great.’ Ikram has been performing stunts of this calibre since the age of nine and says that the heaviest item she has ever pulled was a 4x4 Range Rover. Ikram will go head-to-head against a competitor from Germany in a programme airing April 28 at 9pm on Watch.
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The girl named Ikram Salhi dreams of becoming Morocco's strongest lady . She smiles while her hair is tied to a piece of rope attached to the car . Ikram crouches down and pulls the car across 32ft of flat road . Amazing moment was filmed for 'World's Most Talented' TV programme .
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FIFA president Sepp Blatter has delivered a warning against a boycott of the 2018 World Cup and insisted the world governing body had every right to move the 2022 tournament to the winter. Ukraine's president has called for a boycott of the 2018 tournament in protest at Russian military involvement with pro-Moscow separatists. Blatter responded by claiming the World Cup could actually help bring peace. FIFA president Sepp Blatter insists the 2018 World Cup will take place in Russia . He told a news conference in Zurich: 'What is 100 per cent is that the World Cup will take place in Russia in 2018, that's sure. 'A boycott of the World Cup or any sporting event has never brought any solutions to anybody. 'The European Parliamentary committee is asking for a boycott of the World Cup three or four months ago - it was a boycott of the World Cup in Qatar and now it is the World Cup in Russia. 'In my opinion the World Cup in Russia will be able to stabilise all that region in Europe.' Blatter said he had been buoyed by IOC president Thomas Bach and German FA president Wolfgang Niersbach coming out against a boycott. Asked whether FIFA should apologise for the chaos caused by playing the Qatar tournament in winter, Blatter added: 'This was a decision taken by executive committee of FIFA, they have a right to do it. If something happened the FIFA ExCo can change so we can also say play in winter.' FIFA has also moved to head off opposition from the clubs over playing the 2022 World Cup . FIFA has announced it made a profit of $338m (£227.2m) over the last four years and now has cash in the bank totalling $1.5bn (£1bn). Blatter said reserves that size are needed in case a World Cup, which generates almost all the money for FIFA, had to be moved or postponed. FIFA has also moved to head off opposition from the clubs over playing the 2022 World Cup in Qatar in the winter by trebling the amount clubs who release players will receive for the tournaments from $70m (£47.3m) in Brazil last year to $209m (£141.3m) for Russia and Qatar. Blatter, 79, is standing for a fifth term of president on May 29 and faces three rivals, but has so far not released a manifesto. Asked about that issue, he responded: 'I am not campaigning, I am doing my job as FIFA president and I will do that until last day of my mandate which was given to me in 2011. 'My manifesto is the work I have done in FIFA - I have now been 40 years in FIFA and 17 years as president of FIFA. This is my manifesto.'
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Ukraine president has called for a boycott of the 2018 tournament . FIFA president Sepp Blatter insists the event will take place in Russia .
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(CNN)An explosive-laden truck blew up at a camp for Egyptian security forces Tuesday morning, killing a civilian and injuring 44 people, state-run media reported. The attack took place in Al-Arish, in the country's North Sinai province, tha Al-Ahram news agency reported, citing the local health ministry. As the truck headed toward the camp's gate, guards shot at it, and the truck exploded. The injured included 42 Egyptian soldiers and two civilians. The driver of the truck was also killed, Al-Ahram said. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack. North Sinai has been the site of dozens of recent deaths. In January, at least 26 people were reportedly killed and dozens more wounded, in a series of militant attacks on army and police positions in Egypt's volatile Sinai Peninsula. The Egyptian army is battling an Islamist insurgency in North Sinai that has spiked since the 2013 ouster of Islamist President Mohamed Morsy. CNN's Salim Essaid contributed to this report.
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The injured include 42 Egyptian soldiers . The Egyptian army has been battling an Islamist insurgency in North Sinai .
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Singapore remains the world’s most expensive city to live with sky-high prices for clothes, cars and public transport, according to an annual survey which ranks the largest cities on the planet. It was followed by Paris, Oslo, Zurich and Sydney in The Economist Intelligence Unit’s worldwide cost of living survey. London, in 11th place, is now as pricy as Tokyo, which was the world’s most expensive city until it was unseated by Singapore last year, while New York ranked as the most expensive American city in 22nd spot. Scroll down for video . The Economist Intelligence Unit has named Singapore as the world's most expensive city . Basic groceries in Singapore cost 11 per cent more than in New York, according to the annual study . Melbourne, Geneva, Copenhagen, Hong Kong and Seoul rounded out the top 10 in the study, which compared prices in more than 130 cities using New York as a base for comparison. The top five is unchanged from last year’s study, while European cities hold five spots in this year’s top 10. However, the unpegging of the Swiss franc from the euro means that Zurich and Geneva would rank first and second, respectively, at today’s exchange rates. London ranked eighth overall in Europe, while Manchester was 22nd. London ranked 11th in the study, which was based on prices for things such as transport, food and clothes . Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit . The report found that the gap is growing in Western Europe between top-ranked cities and those with struggling Eurozone economies. For example, Paris has a cost of living that is 26 per cent higher than in New York, but the cost of living in Lisbon and Athens is 26 per cent lower than that of the Big Apple, said the report. The chasm is even greater in Central and Eastern Europe. Kiev, for example, was dropped 38 places amid the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine. Given the slide in the Russian rouble, Moscow and St Petersburg would rank in the bottom ten under current exchange rates. Ten years ago Sydney and Melbourne were both cheaper than New York, a long-term rise in the relative cost of living in Australia, driven by the strength of the country’s dollar, has pushed them up the list. Sydney (pictured) and Melbourne have climbed the list thanks to the strength of Australia's dollar . A stronger dollar and localised inflation means New York, which jumped four places, is getting even pricier . Asia has seen a marked increase in the cost of living in the last 12 months, although Japanese cities have dropped in the ranking thanks to deflation and a devaluation of the yen. Tokyo now sits in 11th place, tied with London. In America, a stronger dollar and localised inflation means New York, which jumped four places, is getting even pricier. According to the study, the cheapest cities are found in the Asian subcontinent, Northern Africa or South America, although some are experiencing significant political or economic problems, meaning there is an element of risk. The Economist ranked Karachi, Pakistan as the best value for money, followed by Bangalore, India . It ranked Karachi, Pakistan as the best value for money, followed by Bangalore, India and Caracas, Venezuela, where the economy is spiralling and people face shortages of basic goods. Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit . Caracas ranked sixth overall last year, but it has dropped 124 places given the state of its shrinking economy. India had three other cities in the top six cheapest cities – Mumbai (fourth), Chennai (fifth) and New Delhi (sixth). The study compares prices in shops for more than 160 basic goods and services, including food, toiletries, clothing, domestic help, utility bills, cigarettes and wine. The report’s editor, Jon Copestake, said in a statement: ‘The situation of an unchanged top five is very rare for the worldwide cost of living survey and disguises some significant global drivers that are impacting on the cost of living everywhere. ‘In fact, a look at the data six months ago would have shown a different top five, and things are changing quickly. Rebasing the survey to today's exchange rates would put Zurich top, highlighting how fluid the global cost of living has become.'
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Singapore has sky-high prices for clothes, public transport and new cars . It was followed by Paris, Oslo, Zurich and Sydney in the study . London and Tokyo tied for 11th place, while New York ranked 22nd . Karachi, Pakistan and Bangalore, India named world's cheapest cities . Caracas fell 124 places given the state of Venezuela's shrinking economy .
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Southampton midfielder Morgan Schneiderlin has fuelled speculation he's set for a summer move away from the club by admitting a transfer looks likely. The highly-coveted player has previously been linked to north London rivals Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, with the Frenchman handing in a transfer request at the start of the season. Ronald Koeman is likely to struggle to keep the midfielder at the club - even if the Saints qualify for the Champions League - with his head seemingly turned. Morgan Schneiderlin (right) denies there's a deal in place to take him to Arsenal during the summer . 'I have a contract until 2017,' Schneiderlin told Canal+. 'Today, I aspire to play at the highest level. I haven't been in contact with (Arsenal manager Arsene) Wenger. 'There are clubs that are interested, but I haven't agreed to join anyone. I am concentrating on my matches. I know for sure that something is going to happen.' Despite a rocky start to the season, Schneiderlin has been an ever present in the Southampton side - forming a formidable partnership with Victor Wanyama. The Frenchman did admit that something is likely to happen in the summer and refused to commit his future . The combative midfielder has been an ever present in the Southampton since returning to the first team .
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Morgan Schneiderlin denies he's agreed a move away from Southampton . The midfielder has been linked with Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur . The Frenchman refused to commit his future and hinted at summer move . Click here for all the latest Southampton news .
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Provide a summary of Nora Forster's career based on this passage.
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Forster began her work as a music promoter in Munich. Her home there became a meeting place for "rock royalty". Some of the acts she worked with in Germany were Jimi Hendrix, Wishbone Ash and Yes. She found German society to be too restricting, and decided to move to London with her daughter in the latter half of the 1960s. Their first flat was located in a "cold, damp and dark" basement in West London, near the Chelsea football ground. Following that they moved to a small house off Gowrie Road in South London. During this time she came to be called a "Punk Mummy Warrior" who guided her daughter, Ari Up's musical pursuits and supported the development of her band, The Slits, when Ari was just fourteen or fifteen. Forster hosted numerous musician house guests, and among them was Neneh Cherry, the teenage step-daughter of Don Cherry. Cherry performed backing vocal with The Slits for a time.
During the 1960s and 70s, Forster was part of the bohemian scene in London. Starting in the late 1960s Forster's home in Shepherd's Bush became a crash pad, salon, and meeting place for rock musicians including Joe Strummer of The Clash, Jimi Hendrix, Jon Anderson of the band Yes, and many other bands. She helped to financially support the punk bands The Slits, the Sex Pistols and The Clash.
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Nora Foster helped numerous bands and musical artists develop their careers in Germany and London. She would house them, financially support them, and promote their upcoming concerts and album releases. Some notable artists she helped included The Clash, The Slits, and Jimi Hendrix. Her homes were well known as meeting places for "rock royalty."
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World heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko stepped away from preparing for his bout with Bryant Jennings by taking his three month baby daughter Kaya for a walk with fiance Hayden Panettiere. The couple were pictured on Saturday for the first time bringing their daughter out for a walk in Nashville, Tennessee. The 38-year-old Klitschko, from Ukraine, would have undoubtedly enjoyed the calm moments with his young family as his training intensifies for facing Jennings, an opponent he admitted he respects. Hayden Panettiere and Wladimir Klitschko (left) were pictured taking baby Kaya out for a walk . Klitschko has a bout in April against Bryant Jennings, from the United States, in New York . Klitschko (left) has 63 career victories behind him as his clash with Jennings nears . Klitschko (right) will be back in New York to take on Jennings, a prospect he is looking forward to . 'I do have great respect for Bryant Jennings and his achievements,' Klitschko said of his next opponent, who has 19 wins and nine knock-outs from 19 bouts. 'He has good movement in the ring and good technique. I know this will be a tough challenge.' Klitschko also revealed his excitement to return to New York and Madison Square Garden, the venue for the encounter. 'I am extremely happy to fight in New York again,' Klitschko said. 'I had my first unification fight here and a lot of great heavyweight matches have taken place at Madison Square Garden.' Klitschko has 63 career victories, with an astounding 54 coming through knock-outs. When he steps into the ring against Jennings on April 25, he will become the joint record-holding fighter with most heavyweight title fights with 27, alongside the legendary Joe Louis. The actresses glowing look may have been helped by her illuminous yellow jacket . The couple were happily engrossed in conversation the whole time .
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Wladimir Klitschko is getting ready for April 25 bout with Bryant Jennings . The 38-year-old took time out from preparations to spend time with family . He has a three-month old baby with actress and fiance Hayden Panettiere .
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Brittany Maynard says in a video recorded 19 days before her assisted suicide death that no one should have to leave their home to legally end their life under doctor's care. The 29-year-old California woman had terminal brain cancer and moved with her family to Oregon before killing herself last November. 'Unfortunately, California law prevented me from getting the end-of-life option I deserved,' she said in the recording released Wednesday, hours ahead of a Senate health committee hearing on the issue. 'No one should have to leave their home and community for peace of mind, to escape suffering, and to plan for a gentle death.' Scroll down for video . Speaking from beyond the grave: Brittany Maynard, the terminally-ill woman who became the face of the right-to-die movement, appeared in a new video released by her family on Wednesday in support of a California bill legalizing assisted suicide. The 29-year-old moved to Oregon last year to apply for fatal drugs and died in November . Staying strong: Maynard's widow, Dan Diaz, stands to the right of a television screen airing the video at the California State Capitol on Wednesday . While Maynard appeared calm and collected through most of the video, she did turn passionate when she spoke about her state government forced her move to states in order to get the drugs she needed to end her life. 'How dare the government make decisions or limit options for terminally ill people like me,' Maynard said. 'Making aid in dying a crime creates undue hardships and suffering for many people who are terminally ill and suffering tremendously. 'The laws in California and 45 other states must change to prevent prolonged, involuntary suffering for all terminally ill Americans. 'Freedom from prolonged pain and suffering is a most basic human right,' Maynard says. While the video played, Maynard's husband Dan Diaz stood to the side and fought back tears. Tragedy: Maynard found out that she had terminal brain cancer a little more than a year after she married Diaz . When she spoke to reporters afterwards, he said that assisted suicide isn't for everyone, but that every American should have the option of dying the way they want. 'What my wife did on Nov. 1 was by her design,' Diaz said. 'She avoided a painful, drawn out process and harmed no one else.' Maynard's mother, Deborah Zieglar, also spoke, saying: 'Life is more than breathing air in and out of your body. The definition of a good life and a good death varies person to person. Californians need the freedom to deal with terminal illness as they determine.' The bill is expected to face a strong challenge, led by medical and religious groups. Opponents see huge consequences for allowing doctors to prescribe fatal drugs. Among the opponents are other terminally ill patients such as Kara Tippetts, a 38-year-old Colorado mother of four, who wrote an open letter to Maynard in October urging her not to end her life. Tippetts wrote that suffering can be 'the place where true beauty can be known.' She died this month of breast cancer. Advocates for aid-in-dying laws say legislators in at least 17 states have introduced similar measures this year. But past proposals have foundered in statehouses amid emotionally charged debates and strong opposition. Loved: Maynard died in her Oregon home in November, surrounded by her husband, parents and other members of her family . Some medical groups say prescribing life-ending medication violates a doctor's oath to do no harm, while some advocates for people with disabilities fear some sick patients would feel pressured to end their lives to avoid being a financial burden. Advocates have said they would consider taking the issue to voters if it fails in the Legislature. The practice is legal in five states, including Oregon. The other states are Montana, New Mexico, Vermont and Washington. Before her death, Maynard had made her case public with online videos, which were viewed tens of millions of times. Maynard's husband, Dan Diaz, and her mother, Deborah Ziegler, joined state lawmakers in Sacramento on Wednesday to release her taped testimony in support of Senate Bill 128. The proposal by Sens. Bill Monning, D-Carmel, and Lois Wolk, D-Davis, would allow terminally ill patients to kill themselves in California with drugs and dosages recommended by a doctor.
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Maynard, 29, moved to Oregon from California last year when she learned she had terminal brain cancer . Oregon is one of five states where doctor assisted suicide is legal . Her family appealed to the California Legislature on Wednesday, airing a video taped days before Maynard's death in November . In the video, she asks lawmakers to pass a bill that would make assisted suicide legal in her home state .
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Ann Summers has been forced to remove raunchy Fifty Shades of Grey-style posters from its windows following a backlash from mothers and campaigners. The high street lingerie chain confirmed several branches, located near stores targeted at children such as Mothercare and Build-A-Bear, have removed the provocative images. The posters, which were rolled out in all 142 Ann Summers stores several weeks ago, show a woman kneeling on a red sofa, dressed in a cut-away leotard that reveals her breasts and nipple tassels. She is holding a large leather whip and striking a provocative pose next to a handcuffed man in his underpants. Ann Summers has been forced to remove raunchy Fifty Shades of Grey-style posters showing a woman wearing nipple tassels and holding a whip . Mothers and campaigners have complained saying the the 'pornographic' images could be easily seen by children . In what appears to be a reference to the bondage film Fifty Shades of Grey, which was released nationwide during Valentine's weekend, the text on the poster reads: Fact not fiction. Bring the film to life. Last night Vivienne Pattison of campaign group Mediawatch-UK said her group had made complaints about nine branches of Ann Summers. As a result the posters, which have been described as pornographic, have been removed from stores in Milton Keynes, Wimbledon, Sutton, Norwich, Eastbourne, Taunton, and the Ann Summers stores in all 18 Intu Chapelfield shopping centres. A spokesman for Ann Summers confirmed the company has had six complaints from its retail stores and fewer than 20 complaints via email or letters. Miss Pattison said the campaign potentially breached the recommendations made by the 2011 Bailey Review into the sexualisation of children, which was backed by Prime Minister David Cameron. The high street lingerie chain confirmed several branches, located near stores targeted at children such as Mothercare and Build-A-Bear, have removed the provocative images . The posters show a woman kneeling on a red sofa, dressed in a cut-away leotard, with a man in handcuffs . She said: 'We are used to seeing the windows of Ann Summers featuring lingerie but this image, featuring a bare breasted (except for nipple tassels) model goes too far and is inappropriate for display in places which are likely to have numbers of children present. 'Any child passing this image will be subject to its overt sexual messaging and imagery. Government guidelines for retailers in the Bailey Review state that sexualised images should not be displayed in children's eye line. 'This government has done much to address the early sexualisation of children in our society and Ann Summers needs to be made aware that it too has a responsibility in this regard.' Miss Pattison's concerns were echoed by members of the public, including Christian pastor Paul Burns, who said he was shocked to see the display on his way to church. He said: 'I watched four separate families pull their children away from this window display. It has whips, it has a woman basically degraded with what you would expect to see in a porn film that people buy to watch. It is not what you expect to see in a family shopping centre.' Taking to Twitter, others expressed similar views, with one writing: 'Please remove your offensive window displays based on 50Shades of Grey, sexualising children, inciting abuse of women.' Another tweeted: 'Awful display in @Ann_Summers exposing children to sexualised imagery opposite @mothercareuk.' A spokesman for Ann Summers said: 'Our Dark Desires campaign launched on 26th January 2015. Therefore, our campaign imagery has been visible in both our stores and online for a number of weeks now but it's only this week that we have received a handful of complaints. 'In regards to the 50SOG references, the 'Bring the film to life', we have taken inspiration from the themes and trends surrounding the film and the wording is a tongue-in-cheek 'nod to'.'
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Ann Summers has been forced to remove raunchy Fifty Shades posters . Woman shown wearing nipple tassels and holding a leather whip in photo . Posters have been removed from at least 25 stores across the UK . Lingerie chain accused of exposing children to 'pornographic' images . Ann Summers received at least 26 complaints about provocative posters .
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Provide a table of the various recruiting lists that Calvin Johnson was named to and who named him to the list and do it in CSV format
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Johnson was rated among the nation's top 10 wide receivers and top 100 players by virtually every recruiting analyst. He was tabbed the No. 4 wide receiver and No. 15 player in the nation by TheInsiders.com, and named to the Super Southern 100 by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Rivals 100 by Rivals.com, TheInsiders.com Hot 100, the SuperPrep All-America 275, and the Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team.
Johnson was also rated as the best player in Georgia, No. 12 in the Southeast and No. 37 in the nation by Rivals.com, the No. 7 wide receiver in the nation by SuperPrep, and first-team all-state selection (Class AAAA) by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Finally, he was tabbed to the AJC's preseason Super 11. By the time he was a junior, he was ranked as within the top 10 wide receivers and the top 100 players in the nation by almost every writer.
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Sure, here is text in a CSV format of the various recruiting lists that Calvin Johnson was named to and who named him to the list:
List name,List owner
Super Southern 100,Atlanta Journal-Constitution
the Rivals 100,Rivals.com
TheInsiders.com Hot 100,TheInsiders.com
the SuperPrep All-America 275,SuperPrep
Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team,Prep Star
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Extract the amounts of federal funding provided to state and local governments for education in the past year
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Education in the United States is provided in public and private schools and by individuals through homeschooling. State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges, and universities. The bulk of the $1.3 trillion in funding comes from state and local governments, with federal funding accounting for about $260 billion in 2021 compared to around $200 billion in past years.
Private schools are free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.
In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state-funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition and foundation-funded private schools, and roughly 3% were home-schooled.
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$260 Billion
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Gathered in their hundreds, spectators crowd round to watch as two dogs are forced to fight to the death in barbaric cages. These shocking scenes from northern China drew outrage from animal rights activists in the country, who have called for a change in the law to protect the canines. But the local villagers who organised the event have defended the dogfights as necessary 'entertainment' in an isolated part of the country. Scroll down for video . Barbaric: These shocking scenes from northern China drew outrage from animal rights activists in the country . Bloody: The competition was open to anyone who brought a dog along and the winner of each bout was rewarded with a pack of cigarettes and a china mug . Spectacle: Hundreds of people turn up to watch the dogfights in northern China, which are held to mark the finale of the Spring Festival celebrations in the region . The dogfights, which lasted over several days, were organised by six villagers in Sanjiao village in Jishan county in northern China's Shanxi province to mark the finale of the Spring Festival celebrations. The competition was open to anyone who brought a dog along, and the winner of each bout was rewarded with a pack of cigarettes and a china mug. One of the organisers, Shi Pan, 45, protested that because the village was in a poor rural area, the locals had to resort to creating their own entertainment. He said: 'People in the city criticise our dogfights but they have all sorts of money to pay for entertainments which we don't have access to. We have to organise things to entertain ourselves.' While banned in some countries, dogfights are a common attraction in northern China which hosts more than 100 festivals each year attracting visitors from neighboring provinces and tourists alike. Police have said the event did not breach any laws and that there have been no official complaints. They added that some of the people who who turned up had allegedly grabbed stray dogs off the street, and claimed they were their pets. Attraction: While banned in some countries, dog fights are a common attraction in northern China . Violent: Despite the vicious scenes sparking outrage, organisers have insisted that the dogfights are part of the traditional 'entertainment' in the area . Brutal: The dogs are forced to fight to the death in cages, leading to calls from animal rights activists for new cruelty laws . Rural: Organiser Shi Pan declared the dogfights as a 'great success' and added: 'We plan to do the same thing next year' China has no animal cruelty laws, and a person who damages a dog or another animal can only be prosecuted for damaging property if the animal belongs to somebody. Dogfighting is illegal, but only if it involves bets. Simply allowing the animals to fight purely for entertainment comes into a grey area where it is difficult to prosecute anyone involved. Chung Lu, an animal rights activist in the country said, said: 'Events like these are exactly why we need a functioning animal cruelty law in China, because people do that they want and get away with it unless they know the law can stop them.' But a defiant Shi Pan said: 'It was a great success, we plan to do the same thing again next year. And we don't care what the people in the city say.'
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Dogfights organised in northern China to celebrate end of Spring Festival . Outraged animal rights activists call for new laws to protect dogs . But organisers defend brutal bloodsport as simple 'entertainment' WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT .
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This is the moment a playful young seal tries its best to hitch a ride with a couple of kayaks - but keeps sliding off. The grey seal pup was filmed as it made several attempts to climb aboard the canoes in Poole Bay, Dorset. At first the adorable seal tries his best to jump on both the kayaks, but he keeps sliding off, back into the water. Hitching a ride: Ron the friendly seal attempts to climb onto a kayak in Poole Bay, Dorset . Attempt one: The young pup makes it onto one of the kayaks, and momentarily keeps his balance . He then manages to get onto the left kayak, but just as it looks like he has found himself a comfortable spot - he falls in again. The pup, known locally as Ron the Seal, finally succeeds by draping himself across both of the kayaks. Kayaker Andrew Linstead shot the video of the young seal's repeated attempts to climb aboard his raft as he paddled in Poole Bay. This is the third time Mr Linstead has had an encounter with Ron the Seal in four months. Last November, while Mr Linstead was practicing rolling his kayak in the water, he noticed the seal watching him and then joining in, rolling every time he did. Fail: Unfortunately for Ron the Seal, he cannot manage to stay on the kayak, and falls back in the water . On it again: Ron the seal proves he is not a quitter and is soon at it again, trying to climb the kayaks . A month later, the pair met again, as Ron jumped on the back of his kayak and hitched a ride around for several hours. The latest encounter, filmed by Mr Linstead, lasted for four hours with Ron climbing on and off Mr Linstead's kayak and even bringing him a fish it had caught. Mr Linstead, from London, said: 'I've had quite a few encounters with Ron now, we are becoming good friends! 'The first time I saw him was when I was practising rolling my kayak. Ron seemed to roll whenever I rolled my kayak. 'Afterwards I put a message on a Facebook local community page asking if anyone knew anything about the seal and I got lots of responses. The locals have called it Ron, as in Ronseal. 'I think when Ron now sees me he feels comfortable. 'This time I was out on my own and I saw another kayaker. I asked him if he could brace or roll his kayak in case Ron got on his boat and tipped up over. Resting spot: Kayaker Andrew Linstead shot the video of the young seal's repeated attempts to climb aboard his raft as he paddled in Poole Bay . New buddies: Their encounter lasted for four hours with Ron climbing on and off Mr Linstead's kayak and even bringing him a fish it had caught . Another ride: This is the third time Ron and Mr Linstead, from London, has met in four months . 'He said he couldn't so he came alongside me and held on to my kayak. 'I don't think he believed me that Ron would come over but he did. 'Ron tried to climb on but he kept slipping off. It went on for hours, I took my last shot of him about four hours later. 'I've spoken to other kayakers in the area and they say they have never seen anything like that.' Julie Hatcher, from Dorset Wildlife Trust, said: 'This is a young grey seal. Seals tend to be a bit wary of people, we don't know why this one isn't. It might just be a personality thing. 'They are solitary animals when they are at sea. They come together for breeding but generally are solitary in the water. 'Young ones tend to be more friendly and playful. I have dived with seals and the young ones will come near you, they can be quite curious and like playing hide and seek, but the adults don't tend to.' The waters of the UK are home to more than 180,000 grey seals, which is more than a third of the world's population.
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Young grey seal filmed as he attempts to hitch a ride with two kayaks . Video was shot by kayaker Andrew Linstead in Poole Bay, Dorset . The seal, nicknamed Ron, made several attempts, and kept falling in .
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It is one of the most important rules of the road, always stop and look before pulling out at a junction. But this motorcyclist cut it a little too close as his bike crept out onto a main road, straight into the path of a speeding lorry. The terrifying footage, captured by a dashboard camera in Khabarovsk, Russia, shows the moment the man's bike is swept away under the wheels of the lorry – but the rider miraculously escapes with his life. The moped rider looks tentative from the start of the clip as he eventually makes his way to the front of the queue of cars . Captured at the start of the clip, the man on the moped appears to attempt braking as he reaches the junction but seems to lose control and move forward further than expected. The car, recording the footage from behind the bike, shows the moment it jumps forward, straight into the path of the oncoming lorry. Hitting the lorry’s back wheels, the bike is pulled away from underneath its rider as his head is thrown back violently by the impact. Suddenly the moped rider appears to lose control and speeds up, crashing into the side of the moving lorry . The moped’s top box is also hurled down the road by the lorry and more worryingly so is the man’s helmet, which becomes detached during the crash. As the bike lands mangled in front of the first car waiting at the junction, fuel begins leaking from it and onto the road. Remarkably however the man almost immediately appears from the wreckage and jogs back to the side road. The impact from the crash with the lorry forces the man's head backwards and throws the moped down the road . His t-shirt appears to be ripped and he throws himself down onto the floor as a pedestrian approaches him to see if he is okay. The filmmaker reverses his car and the man – who writhes on the floor, seemingly more in shock than pain – comes back into the shot. According to the video uploaded online, the man was lucky to escape the accident with only scratches. The man's head is thrown back violently by the impact of the crash and his helmet later becomes detached . The top box on the back of the moped is thrown down the road along with the bike itself after it collides with the lorry .
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The moped rider appears tentative at the start of the clip . Accidentally pulls into the path of a lorry moving at speed . Bike is thrown down the road along with the rider's helmet . Remarkably the man gets up from the wreckage unharmed . The terrifying video was captured in Khabarovsk, Russia .
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'What Do Women Want' is such a common question that it inspired a Hollywood movie starring Mel Gibson. And the feminist writer Julie Burchill reckons that female sexuality has been suppressed and controlled for so long that they no longer have any idea what they want. In an article for the new issue of Loaded magazine, the columnist details the hypocrisies and strict demands that modern women demand of their boyfriends and husbands. Scroll down for video . Julie Burchill (pictured) believes that many women are unsure of what they want from a man because they have been controlled for so long . Julie told the publication: 'What [men] generally fear is women will want them for the wrong things. 'It’s women who are thought to be the soppy sex, but they are capable of great hard-headedness in matters of what is laughably known as The Heart.' She continued: 'Most women want a man who makes them laugh, sadly, they often don’t see this goes two ways and men need to have fun as much as they do. 'Some women want a man to tick all the boxes – handsome, rich, great job – but would be outraged if men subjected them to a similar shopping list.' Julie Burchill points out that some women claim to be too tired to have sex, but have enough energy to go out drinking with their friends (Picture posed by models) Ms Burchill, who is an ardent supporter of the female sex, revealed to the publication that one thing some women most definitely do not want is sex. She said: 'I know from personal experience that women tend to become sexually impervious to their husbands far more often and earlier than husbands do to their wives, . 'You’d think if a woman wanted to relax, or have a nice bit of Me Time, she could easily opt for a good old roll-around. 'But a lot of women aren’t interested in sex without making it into a huge performance number – they want romance.' In many relationships, women lose interest in sex much quicker than the man (Picture posed by models) She continued: 'We’ve all heard about those broads in relationships who mysteriously stop shagging their Significant Other, claiming they “haven’t got time for sex” and, “I’m too tired”. 'How come they’re never too tired to get trashed on rosé wine with their mates on a Friday night, go to the garden centre early on a Saturday morning and spend every weekday on Mumsnet?' She continued: 'Maybe sex wouldn’t take so long and be so tiring if they didn’t demand the Ring Cycle equivalent of romance first? ' The new issue of Loaded magazine . But the writer isn't taking a pop at women, in fact, far from it. She believes that the reason they are so conflicted in their desires is that they have been controlled as a sex for so long that their needs have desires have become muddled. She said: 'The way female sexuality has been corralled and controlled over the centuries would leave any poor s*d confused. 'Because of the disparity of opportunity and pay in the workplace for so long, women found the easiest way to advance themselves was through a man, and so the trapping and keeping of a husband become something most women put above all else. 'It takes a long time to heal from such strange and prolonged distortion of the self – hence the phenomenon of broads insisting they are “strong women” while buying books in which the sole point is the heroine being dominated by the hero. 'This historical injury explains why it’s still so hard, often, for men to understand what women want. 'I don’t even know.' The new issue of Loaded is out now .
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Julie Burchill believes many women are unsure of what they want in a man . The feminist writer says it is because they have been controlled for so long .
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Rome (CNN)As the dust settles after Italy's high court ruled on Friday to overturn the latest guilty verdicts for Amanda Knox, 27, and her former Italian boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito, 31, in the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher, many questions still linger in the case. Knox and Sollecito were tried together and convicted of murder by two separate courts. But now they are free now, forever cleared. There won't be any civil trials like in the O.J. Simpson case because, according to Italian penal code, Italy's high court decision is final across all courts in the country. According to Italian lawyer Nicola Canestrini, who works on extradition and criminal cases between Italy and other countries, . "The high court decision is seen as the truth for the whole system." What now for the Kerchers? Francesco Maresca, lawyer for the Kercher family, told CNN that his clients are disappointed with the final ruling. "We expected more from the Italian judicial system," he said. "This is a failure to find justice for Meredith." Maresca says the Kerchers could try to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights and argue that Italy failed to find those culpable of killing their beloved daughter and sister but they have yet to make that decision. "If they think Italy hasn't fulfilled the duty, they could sue Italy," Canestrini told CNN. Such a claim could be made based on the final conviction handed down to Rudy Guede, a man from the Ivory Coast who was convicted for his role in Kercher's murder in 2008 in a fast-track trial that is still under seal. When the high court ruled definitively on his case in 2010, they wrote explicitly in their reasoning that he was one of three assailants but did not name who they were. Knox and Sollecito both spent four years in prison during their initial trial and first appeal. They applied to Italy's high court to be put under house arrest but because Knox was a foreigner and deemed a flight risk, they were both denied. Sollecito may now have cause to sue Italy for false imprisonment. Italy pays around €12 million every year for locking up people who are later cleared of charges, according to Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi who is introduced measures to reform the judicial system. But, Canestrini says if Sollecito at any time lied to investigators before he was arrested, he may forfeit his right to reimbursement for being held. Sollecito changed his story more than once before finally settling on an alibi with Knox, so a legal battle could focus on whether anything he told investigators led directly to his arrest. Canestrini also says that Knox could potentially sue Italy for one year of false imprisonment, but because she admittedly lied to investigators early on which led to her arrest, she would likely not have much of a case. "Because she initially admitted to a role in the crime, she wouldn't likely win. If a suspect lies to investigators before they are arrested, it is difficult to prove they were falsely imprisoned," Canestrini says. In one of her initial interrogations in 2007, she told investigators she was in the house when Kercher was killed at which time she accused Patrick Lumumba, her boss at a pub where she worked, of the murder. She later recanted that statement, but Lumumba spent two weeks in prison because of her false claim. In 2013, Italy's high court ruled definitively on a slander charge against her for the false accusation and upheld a three-year prison term and ordered her to pay Lumumba $40,000 euro. Knox's lawyer Carlo Dalla Vedova told CNN that Knox doesn't feel any revenge or resentment towards Italy. In fact, he said she will go back one day. "This has been an nightmare for her, so we finally got the right decision," he said. "We always thought this was the only decision possible." Sollecito's lawyers were equally pleased with the outcome. "The verdict that we just received doesn't prove us partly right, It proves us completely right," Giulia Bongiorno told reporters outside the court. "There were two possible verdicts: (One was to) overturn this verdict, but go back to it later. Instead, the overturn is without any referral. Among all the possible and imaginable overturning options, this is the one which says "be advised, we won't ever even make the hypothesis of an implication of Raffaele Sollecito in this case ever. Enough, enough, enough." Knox, too, made her own statement from her mother's home in Seattle after hearing the news. She thanked all those who supported her innocence, and said she needed to take time to digest what being free really means. When asked if she had a message to the Kerchers about their daughter, she said, "She deserved so much in this life. I'm the lucky one."
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Knox and Sollecito were tried together and convicted of murder, but now cleared . Family of victim Meredith Kercher "expected more from the Italian judicial system" Knox's lawyer says Knox doesn't feel any revenge or resentment towards Italy .
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(CNN)If ignorance is bliss, then America must be a pleasure junkie, because we sure are chasing that dragon. The most recent example: A school in New York sought to celebrate "National Foreign Language Week" by having the pledge of allegiance read in a different language every day. You get one guess as to what happened when it was Arabic day. Complaints came in from both Jewish parents and people who had lost family in Afghanistan, according to the school superintendent. What language do they speak in Afghanistan? Not Arabic. The main languages are Dari and Pashto. Perhaps this complaint illustrates why we need more education, not less. Unfortunately, this wasn't an isolated incident. Earlier this year in Florida, parents were up in arms because a school taught about Islam in a history class. And, there are perennial stories about "Americans" offended by a Spanish recitation of the pledge. Because of the outcry, Pine Bush students will now not hear the pledge in Italian, Spanish, Japanese, or French, as planned. That they were deprived of such a pedagogical exercise is bad enough. What is worse is that the school district felt that it had to apologize. The district's statement was a surrender to ignorance. "The intention was to promote the fact that those who speak a language other than English still pledge to salute this great country. We sincerely apologize to any students, staff or community members who found this activity disrespectful." Instead of the Pine Bush students learning about other languages and cultures, they learned that the "heckler's veto" and phony tales of "offense" trump open mindedness and the quest for knowledge. At least they do in modern-day American education. Perhaps this is a lesson best learned now, because once they get to college, it will be even worse. Our universities were once places where ideas were safe to flourish, and we went to question what we knew. Today, they are places where disfavored ideas are all but banned. According to students, Dixie State (Utah) bans posters that "mock" anyone, including former president Bush. Last year, Smith College's president apologized and there was a student outcry because students had "hurt feelings" when alumna Wendy Kaminer argued at a panel discussion moderated by the college president against using the euphemism "the n-word" in historical discussions. She believed that using the actual word, in context, was proper (and it is). Yes, censorship of ideas and speech is no longer a top-down or parent-driven phenomenon. Now students themselves insist on being insulated from anything that might make them question their beliefs. Instead of debating an anti-abortion protester, Oregon University students preferred to call the campus police -- who briefly took their side. George Will was slated to speak at Scripps College in a program specifically designed to challenge students' prevailing views. But, since he challenged the feminist view of sexual assault on campus, Scripps pulled his invitation. When I went to college, I enjoyed challenging my beliefs. I still do. I hope that my children constantly do the same. That is how we grow. If we cannot tolerate foreign languages, or distasteful ideas, even in an educational setting, what hope do we have? When we have orthodoxy of thought, the very notion of liberty begins to shrivel up and die. When the cry of "I'm offended" can shut down debate over philosophies, or learning about other cultures, or learning other languages, then what have our educational institutions become? How much further will this enforced ignorance and orthodoxy need to go before education is just another word that comes untethered from its meaning? And the very inspiration for this column, a debate over the pledge of allegiance, makes the problem even more glaring. A rote and thought-free-chant of mindless allegiance can't even be expressed in a different language? Is America really so fragile that if a citizen proclaims "fidelità agli Stati Uniti" that it means anything less because it is in Italian? Perhaps this highlights more than the fact that we should step away from the brink of ignorance while we can. Perhaps a good place to start is by doing away with enforced orthodoxy of thought and speech in the first place. Perhaps a good place to do that would be by doing away with the pledge of allegiance itself. Perhaps if we pledged to uphold the Constitution, instead of a piece of cloth, we would be reminded of what really built this nation -- the Spirit of the Enlightenment. No views are so sacred that they need not be challenged. Whether we are talking about learning to say the Pledge in Japanese, or hearing a speaker who challenges our beliefs, that is what education is about, not enforced ignorance.
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NY school district canceled its experiment with the Pledge for "National Foreign Language Week" Marc Randazza says the outcry over an Arabic version was a triumph of ignorance over education .
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Oakham Under 15s centre Tyrese Johnson-Fisher impressed with an amazing display of finishing, scoring four tries against Bishop Wordsworth's School to help his side reach their first NatWest Schools Cup final in 10 years. Johnson-Fisher is the latest in a long line of rugby stars to emerge from the independent school in Rutland, which also educated Rob Cook, Tom Croft, Ron Jacobs, Lewis Moody and Matt Smith. The teenager was effectively untouchable as he floated effortlessly between the flailing Bishop Wordsworth's challenges, feinting one way before turning another with blistering pace. Tyrese Johnson-Fisher bursts to score the first of his four tries against Bishop Wordsworth's School . The win over Bishop Wordsworth's School sees Oakham reach the NatWest Schools Cup final . Johnson-Fisher's impressive display has seen the youngster tipped to play for England in the future . Johnson-Fisher is also a decorated youth sprinter and has run 100m in 10.91 seconds . Clips of Johnson-Fisher's dazzling performance have gone viral and won him plenty of admirers . Of course, Johnson-Fisher's speed should come as no surprise, given that the youngster is also a decorated sprinter. Less than a year ago, he won the English Schools' Championships junior boys' 100 metre title with a time of 10.91 seconds. Boarding fees at Oakham school total at £29,940 per year, while day fees are £17,970 per year. Former England captain Lewis Moody (pictured here, right, in 2011) was also educated at Oakham School .
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Oakham School student Tyrese Johnson-Fisher has wowed the internet . Clips emerged of the teenager scoring four tries for his Under 15s side . He helped Oakham to their first NatWest Schools Cup final in 10 years . The teenager is also a youth title winning sprinter . Lewis Moody, Matt Smith and Ron Jacobs also attended Oakham School .
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(CNN)Nebraska's ban on same-sex marriage will remain in place while the state appeals a federal judge's decision to strike it down. The 8th Circuit Court of Appeals on Thursday issued a stay of U.S. District Judge Joseph Bataillon's decision this week to end the ban. "We are glad the court has granted the stay because it provides current stability in Nebraska's marriage licensing process," Attorney General Doug Peterson said in a statement. Nebraska was set to begin offering marriage licenses to same-sex couples on Monday. "The discrimination enshrined in our constitution hurts our clients and countless other Nebraska families," the ACLU of Nebraska said on its Twitter account. "We will keep fighting." The ACLU of Nebraska filed the lawsuit challenging the state's ban. Same-sex marriage licenses are offered in 37 other states. The number of states offering same-sex marriages has surged since the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in 2013 that invalidated part of the federal Defense of Marriage Act. States like Illinois, Hawaii, Minnesota and New York joined the fold voluntarily, while others were ordered by state or federal judges to offer and recognize the unions. Cases involving Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee are expected to be decided in June by the U.S. Supreme Court, which may settle the issue nationally once and for all. CNN's AnneClaire Stapleton contributed to this report .
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Nebraska was set to begin offering marriage licenses Monday. The ACLU filed the lawsuit challenging the state's ban .
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Sen. Barbara Mikulski, the longest serving woman in the history of Congress, announced Monday that she will not run for re-election. 'Do I spend my time raising money, or do I spend my time raising hell?' the 78-year-old old Maryland Democrat, now in her fifth term, said she asked herself when deliberating whether to seek a sixth term next year. 'I don't want to spend my time campaigning for me. I want to campaign for the people,' she said at a news conference in the Fells Point neighborhood of Baltimore. 'Do I spend my time promising what I would do – or do it now and do it the way I like to?' Senate Appropriations Committee Ranking Democrat Barbara Mikulski, a Marylander shown in 2012, announced that her plans for the future don't include Congress . The diminutive Mikulski, seen standing on a box behind a Senate podium, castigated Republicans on Feb. 24 for refusing to pass a Homeland Security funding bill without a string attached that would de-fund the persident's executive actions on immigration . Mikulski, a tough, no-nonsense lawmaker who rose to the leadership of the powerful Appropriations Committee, became the longest-serving woman in the history of Congress in 2012. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1976 and has served in the Senate since 1987. She said that when her term has ended, 'I will know that I will have given it my best shot.' Her retirement is certain to set off a race among potential candidates to succeed her, including Democratic Reps. Chris Van Hollen and Donna Edwards, and former Govs. Martin O'Malley, who is considering a bid for the Democratic presidential nomination, and Republican Bob Ehrlich. She becomes the second Senate Democratic woman to announce her retirement this year, following Barbara Boxer of California. In a 2014 interview, Mikulski said her approach as chair of the Appropriations panel was 'to focus with civility and courtesy. Old school values. Don't do surprises or stunts and negotiate directly and not through the press.' In her state, she has been fiercely protective of the environment, especially Chesapeake Bay issues. Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell described Mikulski at the time as forceful and results-oriented. 'I think she's terrific,' he said. Mikulski had been seen as more engaging and approachable than her predecessors as appropriations chairman, the late Sens. Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia and Daniel Inouye, Hawaii, both Democrats. She had spent decades honing relationships with members of both parties, learning their needs and end goals. After a short tenure as chairman, she now is the top Democrat on the panel after Republicans captured control of the Senate in last November's elections. 'She knows that if you know somebody and what they want, you can help them be successful. And when you help people be successful, Republicans or Democrats, that's how you move bills,' said Democratic Sen. Patty Murray of Washington, a Mikulski protege. Mikulski has also been an active advocate of equal pay for women. The Maryland senator sponsored legislation last year aimed at tightening a 1963 law that made it illegal to pay women less than men for comparable jobs because of their gender. But Senate Republicans blocked the bill in an April 2014 floor showdown. 'When I hear all these phony reasons, some are mean and some are meaningless, I do get emotional,' Mikulski said of arguments against the legislation. 'I get angry. I get outraged. I get volcanic.' Mikulski played off former CIA Director Michael Hayden's recent comment that Senate Intelligence Committee Chairwoman Dianne Feinstein, a California Democrat, was motivated by 'emotional feeling' when she sought an investigation of the spy agency's harsh treatment of terrorism suspects .
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Mikulski is a Maryland native who bas been in Congress since 1976 and a senator since 1987 . Democratic Reps. Chris Van Hollen and Donna Edwards, and former Govs. Martin O'Malley and Bob Ehrlich, could all run to replace her . Mikulski's exit announcement came just weeks after a similar announcement from California Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer .
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Pilots were forced to show off their skills yesterday as stormy weather hit the north of England. And as this incredible video shows, planes flying into Manchester battled against the winds that saw many appear to be 'hovering' on their descent in. Posted on Twitter by user@philip2004, the action was taken from near the airport pub close to the runway. Scroll down for video . As well as tilting from side to side, the plane appears to be 'hovering' as it gets trapped by the wind . Speaking to MailOnline Travel, @philip2004 from Stockport, said 'I'd say the wind was gusting at about 35 miles per hour. 'I never fear the aircraft landing but it did look nice and they will land ok. 'I really need to get filming where I can barely stand up myself.'The only thing is predicting when there's a long enough day of winds. 'The planes were swaying in the wind but it wasn't as big a deal as other days I've seen. I was here for the Emirates one last week when they had to abort the landing.' The wind was thought to only be around 35mph, but the direction and pressure affected the landing . Rob Hunter, British Airline Plot's Association (BALPA) head of flight safety told MailOnline Travel that pilots are well-trained to deal with a crosswind landing. 'The pilots here are performing a cross-wind landing which we train for all the time, and which are not that unusual,' said Mr Hunter. 'The wind is trying to push the aircraft one way, so the pilot has to point the aircraft into the wind until the last minute at which point he or she then turns the aircraft to be head on with the runway. 'This is just one example of the need for well-trained, well-rested professional pilots.' Mr Dodd told MailOnline that he was always confident the plane would make a safe landing . As well as capturing the windy landing for an Etihad 777, he also videoed British Airways and easyJet planes having a less-than comfortable descent. Last week he was on hand to catch a 'go around' of an Emirates A380 when it couldn't land due to high winds. The plane that had flown in from Dubai came around a second time, and despite a few wobbly moments, made a safe landing. After getting over a period of crosswinds, the Etihad jet approached the runway effortlessly . It was by no means the most comfortable of landings, but all passengers were safe on board . The manoeuvre meant the passengers were only delayed by 25 minutes; a scheduled landing of 11.20am turned into 11.45am. One eyewitness told the Manchester Evening News: 'This is a huge plane which we see come over every day and it's quite unusual to see it do a go-around like it did.' In January this year, planes were battered by 100mph winds when trying to land at Leeds Bradford International Airport. One propeller plane - a Flybe flight - looks particularly precarious as it swings from side to side on the approach. Pushed sideways onto the runway, the plane almost seems to land nose-first as it struggles against the gusts. Leeds Bradford Airport is considered one of the most difficult airports to land at in the UK. Its altitude sees it hit by strong winds in bad weather. But these skilled pilots show how flights compensate for the high winds, by approaching at an extreme angle. Footage emerged after a North Atlantic storm hit the UK, causing the strongest wind gusts in over 50 years.
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Spectacular footage captured by Twitter by user@philip2004 on the ground . Despite winds only being around 35mph, plane appears to be hovering . He tells MailOnline that he never feared any problems landing .
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A man's naked corpse was discovered on a golf course in northwestern Minnesota on Monday afternoon. The body was identified as Andrew Jon Springer, 35, and he was pronounced dead at the scene at Sandhill River Golf Course in Fertile, Minnesota. It is unknown as to why Springer was naked but after being evaluated at the UND Forensic Pathology Laboratory in Grand Forks, it was determined he died as a result of hypothermia. Scroll down for video . Deceased: Andrew Jon Springer, 35, was discovered naked and dead as a result of hypothermia on Monday . Discovered: Andrew Springer's naked corpse was found at the Sandhill River Golf Course in Fertile, Minnesota on Monday . In addition to shivering and drowsiness, symptoms of severe hypothermia include confusion and poor decision-making, which leads some sufferers of the condition to remove their clothing. According to Springer's Facebook he left behind an infant daughter. Springer's other immediate family members have not spoken out nor have they been identified at this time. 'The preliminary autopsy results do not show any signs of foul pay,' the Sheriff’s Office said in a statement to the Star Tribune. 'At this time it appears as if the victim died as a result of hypothermia,' continued the statement. Around 4:10 officials were called to a report seeing a naked and unconscious man on the golf course. Deputy Sheriff Brian Lundeen told the Star Tribune that Springer recently moved to Fertile, Minnesota and lived less than two blocks away from the eastern edge of the golf course. Sandhill River Golf Course could not be reached and it's unknown at this time as to whether Springer was playing on the nearby course earlier in the day. Father: Springer left behind an infant daughter but it is unknown as to whether or not he was married or lived with the baby's mother .
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The body was identified as belonging to Andrew Jon Springer, 35, and he was pronounced dead at the scene . Autopsy showed Springer died of Hypothermia . Sufferers of hypothermia sometimes remove their clothing as a result of severe confusion . Springer left behind an infant daughter .
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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(CNN)The photographs released by ISIS in its stronghold of Raqqa are dated March 2015. The first ones show a large crowd, mostly men, but also among them a handful of women and children, all looking up. Three men on top of a building, faces covered in black balaclavas, stand on either side of their victim, while a fourth seems to be taking a photo or video. Their victim is thrown off the building. In the last photograph, he is seen face down, surrounded by a small crowd of men, most carrying weapons, some with rocks in their hands. The caption reads "stoned to death." The victim brutally killed because he was accused of being gay. There are at least half a dozen documented cases of men being similarly killed by ISIS. What's even more sickening for Nour, a gay Syrian man, is the onlookers' reaction. "It's too much to watch, and people are just standing there in these images and watching, and they are not doing anything, and their facial expressions are really scary because they are not even scared of what is going on," says Nour, who's also an LGBT rights activist. "They might be a little bit excited or maybe happy to get rid of homosexuals in the city." Though in Istanbul, fear of persecution continues to haunt Nour, who asked us to conceal his identity as he waits and hopes for asylum in America and continues to campaign for rights for people who are LGBT -- lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans. As a teenager, over a decade ago, Nour suffered because of his sexuality. "The worst bullying was at school," he remembers. "I was approached in the street a number of times, verbally abused and sometimes physically abused." There was no one to protect him. His family rejected his sexual orientation, his country criminalized it. Article 520 of the Syrian Penal Code of 1949 states: "Any unnatural sexual intercourse shall be punished with a term of imprisonment of up to three years." Nour left Syria in 2012, before ISIS took over huge swaths of the country, after seeing a video of two men being beheaded. According to the voice on the clip, they are accused of being spies. Then toward the end, the voice speaks about "shaking the throne of God." "Whenever we hear this in video or audio, we know that this is exactly meant for gay people," he says. "It was the moment of clarity, the moment of understanding; this place is not safe anymore." The pictures released by ISIS and other videos refer to gay men as the tribe of Lot, who, according to readings of the Quran and the hadith, or prophetic traditions, sinned by refusing Prophet Lot's call to cease their homosexual activity and led to the destruction of Sodom. One hadith states, "When a man mounts another man, the throne of God shakes." Since the revolution turned war in Syria, the situation for the nation's LGBT community has become even more dire. "LGBT people in Syria need help, and they need to be supported. We tried to reach out to some groups, international entities, and they said that LGBT people in Syria are not our priority, and that would mean that our lives are not worthy for them to rescue," Nour says. This week, the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, a nongovernmental organization based in New York, started "Don't Turn Away," an awareness-raising campaign calling for action to protect LGBT Syrians and Iraqis from ISIS' merciless brutality. On its website, the group states, "What is clear is the Islamic State's intent -- to spread terror among an already persecuted population in the region and to warn against any kind of 'moral' transgression." The commission is calling on governments and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to expedite resettlement and refugee applications for LGBTs. Sami and his partner are among those waiting. Dressed in matching outfits, they already consider themselves married, laughing about how they first met online. They too, like Nour, don't want their identities revealed. When Sami's family found out about his relationship, he says, his brother tried to beat him up. He started to receive threatening phone calls from family and strangers. This past summer, while the couple was walking in the streets in Damascus, a car tried to run them over. "I was able to pull myself away, but my husband couldn't," Sami recalls. "The car hit his leg and he fell to the ground." There is no doubt that it was a deliberate attempt to kill them. Two hours after the attack, Sami's phone rang. "There was a man who said this time you could have made it, you could have survived, but the next time you will not." The couple fled to Turkey a few months ago, but they can't shake the fear that their relationship could cost them their lives. They share housing with other Syrian refugees, where they have to continue to pretend that they are straight. When the ISIS photographs emerged, one of their housemates made a sickening comment. "He made an absurd joke about how he was so amused, had too much fun watching homosexuals. He says now gay men can fly." They say they will never return to Syria. And neither will Nour. "It's too damaging for my psychological state, because I have been abused too much from my family, friends, school. It's not safe for me psychologically or physically," he says. Opinion: ISIS's warped take on morality .
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"LGBT people in Syria need help, and they need to be supported," says Nour, a Syrian gay rights activist now living in Turkey . "We tried to reach out to some groups, international entities, and they said that LGBT people in Syria are not our priority," he says . The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission is calling for action to protect LGBT Syrians and Iraqis from ISIS .
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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(CNN)Even if you're sweating on the treadmill and grunting at the weight machine, you're probably still forgetting 57 important muscles that define part of who you are and how others perceive you and even help manage your mental well-being. They're in your face. Face Love Fitness, a pop-up boutique in downtown Manhattan, offers face workouts and massages to keep the skin and muscles of the face and neck healthy, looking young and feeling good. "The popular notion that one should avoid touching one's face for fear of creating wrinkles is completely incorrect. Skin responds beautifully to mindful touch," says Rachel Lang, an esthetician (skin care therapist), who co-founded the Face Love skin gym with massage therapist Heidi Frederick and personal trainer Kate Gyllenhaal. Not all skin experts agree. Some dermatologists, including Dr. Patricia K. Farris, a clinical associate professor at Tulane University, say that exercising facial muscles is counterintuitive to dermatologists. They treat lines and wrinkles caused by facial muscle movement, called dynamic wrinkles, with the muscle relaxing medication botulinum toxin, commonly known by the brand name "Botox." "I do think there could be some value to relaxation and stress relief provided by massage, but exercising facial muscles will not make you look younger and may even make you look older," says Farris. But proponents of massage say healthy, youthful skin is well-worked skin. "When you stimulate pressure receptors under the skin, as you do in a moderate pressure massage, you increase the temperature of the skin, you slow down the physiology, you reduce the release of stress hormones and enhance immune function" according to Tiffany Field, Ph.D., director of the Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami School of Medicine. "Just as massage and exercise contributes to health in general, it would also be expected to contribute to skin health." This is the philosophy at the skin gym, where they say the massage and movement is detoxifying and increases oxygen and blood circulation to the skin, which can result in fewer wrinkles, a firmer jaw line, improved skin tone, and even reduced headaches and eyestrain, according to Lang. "It is like any exercise, you need to do it two to three times a week for the best results." It may look a little silly, contorting your facial expressions as Lang drags a plastic roller across your face, or trying to lift your eyebrows against the resistance of an elastic band across your forehead, but the effect of working out your face is pleasantly refreshing. Under the skin there is an area of fatty tissue called the subcutaneous layer. It diminishes with age. The loss of this area contributes to decreased firmness, giving facial skin an older, tired look. Exercising the facial muscles tones and lifts the skin because your facial muscles are attached to your skin and the bone like a web that forms the shape of your face. Through the massages and resistance training, Face Love Fitness claims muscles in the face become stronger and taut, rejuvenating the appearance of the face. "This is great for everyone, it doesn't matter what age or gender or skin type. This is beauty and health anti-aging from the inside out. It supports and amplifies whatever routine you already have and will give you positive results regardless of your skin condition," says Lang. "Because it refreshes and detoxifies, the massages are also good for hangovers," she adds. "We all know that keeping the body fit with exercise is essential. Why do we stop at the neck?!" asks Gyllenhaal.
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A boutique in Manhattan offers face workouts and massages . Massage and movement may be detoxifying to your skin .
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Who did Outcault paint electric light displays for?
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Outcault painted electric light displays for Edison Laboratories for the 1888 Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Middle Atlantic States in Cincinnati. This led to full-time work with Edison in West Orange, New Jersey, doing mechanical drawings and illustrations. Edison appointed him official artist for the company's traveling exhibition in 1889–90, which included supervising the installation of Edison exhibits at the Exposition Universelle in Paris. While there, he studied art in the Latin Quarter and added the u to his surname.
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Outclaut painted electric light displays for Edison Laboratories for the 1888 Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Middle Atlantic States in Cincinnati.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Arsene Wenger insisted that Arsenal can defy history and overturn a two-goal deficit to knock out Monaco at the Stade Louis II on Tuesday night. No team has ever lost by two goals in the home leg and gone on to win the tie in the Champions League era. But Wenger insisted that Arsenal were capable of producing the mother of all comebacks against the club he managed for seven years of his career, from 1987-1994. Arsene Wenger was in bullish mood ahead of Champions League showdown in Monaco . Arsenal boss Wenger walks on the pitch at the Stade Louis II on Monday night . Arsenal stars appeared relaxed as they headed to France on Monday for their Champions League tie . Wenger said: ‘It doesn’t matter that the statistics are against us, the result is against us. We’re conscious of that. But no matter how big percentage is against us, we have to give everything to make the statistics lie and that’s our belief: that we can do it. ‘We’re here for that. Monaco are in very strong position. We have experience, we have the desire and we have the belief that we can do it. You can expect us to show different side to miss. 'We totally missed the first leg, which was pretty surprising as we’ve won 12 of our last 14. Of course we didn’t play well but in life, if you miss a chance, sometimes you don’t have a second chance. But here we have a second chance.’ Olivier Giroud (left) and Mathieu Flamini prepare to board Arsenal's flight to France on Monday afternoon . Arsenal star Alexis Sanchez poses for the cameras before boarding the flight from Luton airport . Wenger may have to gamble on attack in the last-16 tie on Tuesday but he admitted he was not a regular at the world-famous casino in the principality. ‘I didn’t visit the casino when I was here,’ said Wenger. ‘As in England, I stayed a lot on football pitches. I don’t think people saw me there . ‘We need to perform well tomorrow and have a great performance. Before the game what we want is to give everything. If we didn’t believe, we wouldn’t be here. ‘Ideally you want score early but I believe we have to play with full power but not forget organisation and structure in the team and when the goal comes, the goal will come. No-one can predict when that will be. Mesut Ozil (right) believes it will be 'very important' that Arsenal score an early goal against Monaco . Keeper Wojciech Szczesny (centre) may have to settle for a place on the bench on Tuesday night . 'Football is not predictable but I can predict that desire and belief will be there. We’re in the Champions League last 16 and anything can happen on a positive front as long as we believe we can do it.’ Wenger does have concerns about the pitch at the Stade Louis II, with Monaco engulfed by rain showers at present. ‘It is a little bit of a problem if it rains a lot,’ said Wenger. ‘There were two problems when I was manager and one was that the pitch quality was not fantastic. 'But I just went out on the pitch and it’s good very good. And the second problem was when it rains in south of France, it really rains. They’ve had to postpone a match here recently – but that forecast is not for heavy rain.’ All of Arsenal's stars will have to shine if they are to reverse the 3-1 deficit to reach the quarter-finals . (L-R) Gabriel Paulista, Tomas Rosicky, Mertesacker, Santi Cazorla, Sanchez, Theo Walcott and Mesut Ozil .
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Arsenal must overturn two-goal deficit to knock out Monaco on Tuesday . No team has ever lost by two goals in home leg and gone on to win the tie . Arsene Wenger is up against the French club he managed for seven years .
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Given the following paragraph about the history of tallest buildings, which was the first skyscraper and when was it build?
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Historically, the world's tallest man-made structure was the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which held the position for over 3800 years until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1311. The Strasbourg Cathedral in France, completed in 1439, was the world's tallest building until 1874.
The first skyscraper was pioneered in Chicago with the 138 ft (42.1 m) Home Insurance Building in 1885. The United States would remain the location of the world's tallest building throughout the 20th century until 1998, when the Petronas Towers were completed. Since then, two other buildings have gained the title: Taipei 101 in 2004 and Burj Khalifa in 2010. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia have experienced booms in skyscraper construction
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The first skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago. It was build in 1885.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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Karim Benzema says Brazil were far superior than France as the five time World Cup winners cruised to victory in Paris. In a repeat of the 1998 World Cup final – which France won 3-0 – Brazil ran out 3-1 winners at the Stade de France. France took the lead thanks to a Raphael Varane header but Brazil hit back with goals from Oscar, Neymar and Luiz Gustavo. France captain Karim Benzema was left frustrated with the defeat by Brazil . And France skipper Benzema says his side can have no complaints over the result. He said: 'A defeat is never good. It was a tough game, high level. They were better than us, even if we put them in danger in spurts. We have not had enough risk-taking. 'To celebrate in these kinds of games, you have to be thorough from the first to the 95th minute.' Oscar scored Brazil's first goal as they came from behind to beat France 3-1 . Neymar also got on the scoresheet in the Stade de France . France play Denmark in a friendly in Saint-Etienne on Sunday, and Benzema was relieved to have a chance to rectify the mistakes made against Brazil so quickly. 'What's nice is that there is a game on Sunday and that should enable us to erase this defeat.' And France goalkeeper Steve Mandanda agreed with his captain. He said: 'They were superior, period. They were very solid at the back, and offensively as well. 'We did some good things, by opening the scoring and then having opportunities to come back. 'Good things like the worst should be analyzed. We must use this match to see what we are missing.'
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Brazil beat France 3-1 in Paris in a repeat of the 1998 World Cup final . Raphael Varane gave France the lead but Brazil hit back through Oscar, Neymar and Luiz Gustavo . France face Denmark in a friendly on Sunday, while Brazil play Chile .
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What are some practical applications of Burnside's lemma in combinatorics based on this passage?
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Burnside's lemma, sometimes also called Burnside's counting theorem, the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma, the orbit-counting theorem, or the lemma that is not Burnside's, is a result in group theory that is often useful in taking account of symmetry when counting mathematical objects. Its various eponyms are based on William Burnside, George Pólya, Augustin Louis Cauchy, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. The result is not due to Burnside himself, who merely quotes it in his book 'On the Theory of Groups of Finite Order', attributing it instead to Frobenius (1887). Burnside's Lemma counts "orbits", which is the same thing as counting distinct objects taking account of a symmetry. Other ways of saying it are counting distinct objects up to an equivalence relation R, or counting objects that are in canonical form.
In the following, let G be a finite group that acts on a set X. For each g in G, let Xg denote the set of elements in X that are fixed by g (also said to be left invariant by g), that is, Xg = { x ∈ X | g.x = x }. Burnside's lemma asserts the following formula for the number of orbits, denoted |X/G|:
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{\displaystyle |X/G|={\frac {1}{|G|}}\sum _{g\in G}|X^{g}|.}
Thus the number of orbits (a natural number or +∞) is equal to the average number of points fixed by an element of G (which is also a natural number or infinity). If G is infinite, the division by |G| may not be well-defined; in this case the following statement in cardinal arithmetic holds:
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{\displaystyle |G||X/G|=\sum _{g\in G}|X^{g}|.}
Examples of applications to enumeration
Necklaces
There are 8 possible bit vectors of length 3, but only four distinct 2-colored necklaces of length 3: 000, 001, 011, and 111, because 100 and 010 are equivalent to 001 by rotation; similarly 110 and 101 are equivalent to 011. The formula is based on the number of rotations, which in this case is 3 (including the null rotation), and the number of bit vectors left unchanged by each rotation. All 8 bit vectors are unchanged by the null rotation, and two (000 and 111) are unchanged by each of the other two rotations, giving:
4
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3
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{\displaystyle 4={\frac {1}{3}}(8+2+2)}.
For length 4, there are 16 possible bit vectors; 4 rotations; the null rotation leaves all 16 bit vectors unchanged; the 1-rotation and 3-rotation each leave two bit vectors unchanged (0000 and 1111); the 2-rotation leaves 4 bit vectors unchanged (0000, 0101, 1010, and 1111); giving:
6
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{\displaystyle 6={\frac {1}{4}}(16+2+4+2)}. These are: 0000, 0001, 0011, 0101, 0111, and 1111.
Colorings of a cube
The number of rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube using three colours can be determined from this formula as follows.
Let X be the set of 36 possible face colour combinations that can be applied to a cube in one particular orientation, and let the rotation group G of the cube act on X in the natural manner. Then two elements of X belong to the same orbit precisely when one is simply a rotation of the other. The number of rotationally distinct colourings is thus the same as the number of orbits and can be found by counting the sizes of the fixed sets for the 24 elements of G.
Cube with coloured faces
one identity element which leaves all 36 elements of X unchanged
six 90-degree face rotations, each of which leaves 33 of the elements of X unchanged
three 180-degree face rotations, each of which leaves 34 of the elements of X unchanged
eight 120-degree vertex rotations, each of which leaves 32 of the elements of X unchanged
six 180-degree edge rotations, each of which leaves 33 of the elements of X unchanged
A detailed examination of these automorphisms may be found here.
The average fix size is thus
1
24
(
3
6
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6
⋅
3
3
+
3
⋅
3
4
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8
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3
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3
3
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=
57.
{\frac {1}{24}}\left(3^{6}+6\cdot 3^{3}+3\cdot 3^{4}+8\cdot 3^{2}+6\cdot 3^{3}\right)=57.
Hence there are 57 rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube in three colours. In general, the number of rotationally distinct colorings of the faces of a cube in n colors is given by
1
24
(
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6
+
3
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4
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12
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{\frac {1}{24}}\left(n^{6}+3n^{4}+12n^{3}+8n^{2}\right).
8 Queens Puzzle
In the eight queens puzzle there are 92 solutions, of which 12 fundamental solutions are distinct up to rotation and reflection of the board. There are 8 combinations of rotations and reflections, including the null action. The null action leaves all 92 solutions unchanged. Four of the 92 solutions are symmetrical, unchanged by 180° rotation. That gives:
12
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8
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92
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4
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{\displaystyle 12={\frac {1}{8}}(92+4)}.
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* Necklace counting problem: counting rotationally distinct necklaces of various lengths where each bead can be one of the two colors. The article counts necklaces of lengths 3 and 4, and the answer is 4 and 6, respectively.
* Colorings of a cube problem: count rotationally distinct colorings of faces of a cube. The article considers a case when 3 colors are used and the answer is 57.
* 8 queens puzzle: a classical version of the problem is counting different ways to place 8 chess queens onto an 8x8 board so that no queen attacks another (the answer is 92). With Burnside's lemma application the article counts the number of different placements of queens up to rotation and reflection, arriving at 12 as the answer.
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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text
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It was just as well they got the fireworks out the way before the game, because even after an explosive start and some quite extraordinary rugby any hope England had of having something to celebrate had this amazing habit of quickly disappearing here on Saturday night. That opening try from Ben Youngs, scored after less than 90 seconds, invited England and their expectant supporters to dream. From Jeremy Guscott came a gushing, confident response. England would not only win the game, he declared, but they would do so in the style he once displayed on a rugby pitch. It was an understandable reaction but it did not take into account England's ability under Stuart Lancaster to too often blow these opportunities. They should have nailed Scotland last week, as the Irish did at Murrayfield on Saturday, and their failure to do so cost them dear in the end. England captain Chris Robshaw (right) wanders off the Twickenham pitch after his country's win . England lock Courtney Lawes appears dejected as he trudges off the pitch after the final whistle . England's players, including captain Robshaw (right), look dejected after conceding a crucial try to France . If Lancaster likened the challenge his side might be facing on this most absorbing afternoon of international rugby to the Ryder Cup, he no doubt hoped his side would not need to pull off their own Miracle of Medinah. But a 26-point winning advantage against France, even this France, seemed like a pretty tall order and so it proved. No sooner had they secured seven points than they were nursing the bruises of two French tries, Philippe Saint-Andre's side punishing England for a lack of precision as well as patience. A lack of discipline too, summed up by the foolishness of James Haskell in what became an utterly insane try fest. That England then responded the way they did made it a highly entertaining spectacle. The try Youngs scored after 35 minutes was a beauty, the move England put together covering the full length of the Twickenham pitch. Ben Youngs goes over the line to give England an early lead in their must-win Six Nations clash . Leicester Tigers star Youngs jumps for joy after scoring the first try of the match on Saturday evening . France's Sebastien Tillous-Borde responded to Youngs' early try with one of his own after a 40-yard dash . But those early lapses in concentration as they chased that points total were so damaging to England's ambitions of securing a first Six Nations championship under Lancaster, with a 24-point victory still required after more than half an hour and 14 at half-time. Within three minutes of the second half they needed 21. There were moments when they were close. Painfully close. With four minutes remaining they needed just one converted try. But Lancaster will have to reflect on that period of the first half – as well as certain spells after the break - when they allowed France to look like their old selves and examine in detail where improvements still need to be made. With six months remaining until the start of the World Cup, Lancaster is sure to focus on some of the positives too. The fact that they beat Wales in Cardiff and Australia here last autumn certainly bodes well for those group exchanges. As does the emergence of players like Jonathan Joseph and other individual performances. But is this a team that can seriously make the most of home advantage and secure a second World Cup in 12 years? The evidence right now would suggest not, even if the detail in Lancaster's preparation extends to involving the players' partners in trying to win the tournament later this year. Courtney Lawes is grabbed by his shirt as France's players let their frustrations boil over . England's Lawes gets caught up in a scuffle with four France players as tempers flare during the first half . France's Noa Nakaitaci scores a controversial try after getting away from Youngs during the first half . In 2003 England were the complete team. Dominant against their northern hemisphere rivals and quite clearly equipped to conquer all on the opposite side of the world. And they believed it too, with such confidence a crucial quality for any team with serious ambitions. But England in 2015? They can play some wonderful rugby with a nice combination of power and pace. But are they clinical enough? Are they robust enough? And do they really believe that anything is possible? Anything seemed possible here on Saturday in this insane contest; one that saw 12 excellent tries and some marvellous running rugby. Billy Vunipola set the tone with the thumping intervention that led to the opening Youngs try and what followed was a breathless 80 minutes of action to round off a remarkable climax to the championship. The balance of power on the pitch as well as on the final table swung violently. A missed kick from George Ford and a converted kick for the French from Jules Plisson and suddenly the challenge looked all the more insurmountable for England again; and nigh on impossible once an unforced error had invited Sebastian Tillous-Borde to run in a try that knocked the stuffing not only out of England but an expectant, excited Twickenham crowd. England's Jonathan Joseph (centre) is tackled by France duo Maxime Mermoz (left) and Vincent Debaty . Captain Chris Robshaw bursts forward as England chase a big win to beat Ireland to the Six Nations title . Youngs caps a brilliant first-half performance with his second try of the match and England's third . A second French try, one Noa Nakaitaci so nearly contrived to mess up, compounded England's early misery. The French were running the ball like the France teams of yesteryear. Like the teams Saint-Andre once represented rather than coached. England would come back valiantly, running in tries with a frequency that have Twickenham daring to dream again. But Maxime Mermoz would score for France and so too would Vincent Debaty, the giant French prop exploiting an England team caught out by their own desperation to score big. With Vunipola's try came a renewed sense of optimism. England were eight points from glorious victory. But then came another French try, arriving so rapidly the BBC managed to award five points to both teams. In fairness to the host broadcaster, the confusion was understandable. Bonkers. Just bonkers.
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England lost on the Six Nations title by just six points on Saturday . Stuart Lancaster's men beat France 55-35 but it wasn't enough . England failed to drive home their advantage at Twickenham .
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