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Uses PowerShell to retrieve the malicious payload and download additional resources such as Mimikatz and Rclone. | ['T1059.001', 'T1588.002'] |
The observed attack technique (OAT) detection indicates that the php-cgi process represents a “/bin/bash” shell”and is directly reading “passwd”, suggesting that the server might have been compromised | ['T1059.004'] |
Uses BITSAdmin to download and install payloads. | ['T1588.002'] |
Sideloading happens after the steps described earlier — the threat actor successfully exploited Log4j and downloaded mfeann.exe, LockDown.DLL, and c0000012.log. | ['T1203'] |
This new version of SolidBit ransomware is a .NET compiled binary (Figure 7). After opening Runtime64.exe using the debugger and .NET assembly editor DnSpy, we found that this file was obfuscated | ['T1027'] |
LockBit 2.0 has been seen using the PowerShell module InvokeGPUpdate to update the group policy. | ['T1484.001', 'T1484.001'] |
Scheduled Task. It was quite common to see scheduled tasks used to create persistence for the ransomware executable, PsExec, and occasionally some defense evasion batch scripts. | ['T1053.005'] |
Uses the chmod +x command to grant executable permissions to the ransomware. | ['T1222.002'] |
Notably, one of the tools used in the attack exploited the CVE 2021 21551 vulnerability in a Dell driver in what was the first recorded abuse of this security flaw. | ['T1211', 'T1190', 'T1588.006'] |
The ransomware payload is copied to the ADMIN$ share of a remote system, and Impacket is used to remotely create a Windows Scheduled Task on target systems to execute the payload | ['T1021.002', 'T1053', 'T1053.005'] |
QAKBOT can maintain persistence by creating an auto-run Registry key | ['T1547.001', 'T1587.001'] |
Ducktail has now replaced the older NET Core information-stealing malware used in previous campaigns with one written in PHP. | ['T1587.001'] |
The ProxyShell elevation of privilege on the Exchange PowerShell Backend (CVE-2021-34523), Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) improperly handling symbolic links (CVE-2020-0787), and abusing the CMSTPLUA COM interface have all been seen as methods of privilege escalation. | ['T1068'] |
Deletes some of its files used during operations as part of cleanup, including removing applications such as 7z.exe, tor.exe, ssh.exe | ['T1070.004'] |
Interestingly, the actors chose to leverage Cobalt Strike for lateral movement. The first of several beacon files are dropped onto the same infected endpoint running Brute Ratel C4, with the first being: | ['T1588.002', 'T1588.001'] |
QAKBOT has gained execution through users opening malicious attachments | ['T1204'] |
The malware will ultimately be extracted to the %LocalAppData%\Packages\PXT folder, which includes the PHP.exe local interpreter, various scripts used to steal information, and supporting tools, as shown below. | ['T1059', 'T1588.001'] |
Amavis analyzes the e-mail attachments and inspects the contents of the attached archive. It invokes cpio and CVE-2015-1197 is triggered. | ['T1566.001', 'T1546', 'T1588.006'] |
LockBit 2.0 has utilized a UAC bypass tool. | ['T1548.002'] |
In some cases, LockBit 2.0 will limit the data transfer sizes to fly under the radar of any monitoring services a client may have set up. | ['T1030', 'T1030'] |
The vulnerability tracked as CVE-2022-41352 is a remote code execution flaw that allows attackers to send an email with a malicious archive attachment that plants a web shell in the ZCS server while, at the same time, bypassing antivirus checks. | ['T1505.003', 'T1566.001'] |
Cobalt Strike can use PsExec to execute a payload on a remote host. It can also use Service Control Manager to start new services | ['T1569.002'] |
When neither of the previous commands are received, the message is taken as a command to be executed with cmd.exe. The output is sent to the server. | ['T1059', 'T1202'] |
Both Advanced Port Scanner and NetScan have been used to discover local network infrastructure devices and services running on remote hosts. Active Directory queries for remote systems have been performed by ADFind. | ['T1046', 'T1046'] |
QAKBOT has spread through emails with newly created malicious links. | ['T1566.002'] |
Racealer (aka RaccoonStealer) is known to be a stealer-type malware that mostly extracts user credentials and exfiltrates data from compromised machines. | ['T1552.001', 'T1588.001', 'T1020'] |
REvil reached its pinnacle of success in the first half of 2021, compromising thousands of companies in a Kaseya MSP supply-chain attack, demanding a $50 million payment from computer maker Acer, and extorting Apple using stolen blueprints of non-yet-released devices. | ['T1588.001', 'T1189'] |
Executive: looks for a file with commands and executes them with cmd.exe. The output is saved to a file. | ['T1059.003'] |
Uses Rundll32 to load and execute malicious DLL. | ['T1218.011'] |
QAKBOT abuses Wscript to execute a Jscript file. | ['T1059.007', 'T1587.001'] |
QAKBOT uses obfuscation across two script files, a JavaScript (.js) file and a Batch Script (.cmd) file, likely in an effort to conceal suspicious-looking command lines. | ['T1059', 'T1059.007', 'T1059.003', 'T1027'] |
Just six minutes after the initial C&C communication, and with the QAKBOT malware now running inside an injected process (wermgr.exe), automated reconnaissance in the infected environment is performed via the execution of multiple built-in command line tools | ['T1055'] |
Initial QAKBOT .zip file bypasses some antivirus detections due to password protections. | ['T1140', 'T1588.001'] |
Cobalt Strike can use rundll32.exe to load DLL from the command line | ['T1218.011'] |
In rare cases, LockBit 2.0 has been observed to create accounts for persistence with simple names, such as “a.” | ['T1136.001'] |
Vulnerabilities such as ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473) and improper SQL sanitization (CVE-2021-20028) have been observed being utilized as footholds into the environment. | ['T1588.006', 'T1190'] |
LockBit 2.0 is typically executed via command line arguments via a hidden window.Windows SysInternals PsExec has been utilized for both persistence and execution purposes. Its ability to execute processes on other systems spread the ransomware and assisted in reconnaissance activities. | ['T1059'] |
As seen with other ransomware cases, Mimikatz is a key player in dumping credentials but LockBit 2.0 has been occasionally seen utilizing MiniDump as well. | ['T1003', 'T1003'] |
QAKBOT can inject itself into processes like wermgr.exe | ['T1055'] |
LockBit 2.0 has been known to self-propagate via SMB. | ['T1021.002', 'T1021.002'] |
Scheduled Task. LockBit 2.0 can be executed via scheduled tasks. | ['T1053.005'] |
There is a command ftpversion that uploads the version of the backdoor (hardcoded) to a file `ver.txt` on the FTP server, in the root folder for the target. | ['T1059', 'T1105'] |
In early February 2022, we witnessed an intrusion employing Gootloader (aka GootKit) as the initial access vector. The intrusion lasted two days and comprised discovery, persistence, lateral movement, collection, defense evasion, credential access and command and control activity. During the post-exploitation phase, the threat actors used RDP, WMI, Mimikatz, Lazagne,… . | ['T1588.001'] |
2. The perpetrators distributed PlugX messages to employees- personal addresses, claiming to come from fellow members of staff. The letters contained photos of alleged senders. Along with the photos, all the information about personal mailboxes could have been collected during the group-s initial presence on corporate workstations. | ['T1114', 'T1598'] |
Androrat is an open source remote management tool developed by a team of four for a university project. Open source code was upload to the GitHub website in 2012. It is a remote management tool that allows remote control of mobile devices using a computer. | ['T1588.001'] |
Office documents, databases, archives, and multimedia files are the usual file types targeted by ransomware. It’s the same for this version of Erebus, which encrypts 433 file types. However, the ransomware appears to be coded mainly for targeting and encrypting web servers and data stored in them. | ['T1486'] |
In the initial phases, the Sunburst malware talks to the C&C server by sending encoded DNS requests. These requests contain information about the infected computer; if the attackers deem it interesting enough, the DNS response includes a CNAME record pointing to a second level C&C server. | ['T1583.002'] |
A few minutes after the initial execution, BazarLoader ran some discovery tasks using the built in Microsoft net and nltest utilities and transferred the results over the C2 channel. | ['T1041'] |
When executed, the final macro code as interpreted by CMD decodes into a classic PowerShell download cradle that fetches the initial QakBot payload. There is one last bit of obfuscation here as the script does contain two more encoded strings. One is the URL as seen above in Figure 8, and another is the full path to which the payload will initially be written: “C:\Users\Public\tmpdir\file”. | ['T1059', 'T1059.001'] |
. The attackers have also used file names and export API names in the CRAT DLLs to masquerade the RAT as a benign application's library. Some examples of the exported function names are:. | ['T1140'] |
Samples associated with either RedAlpha campaign remain quite rare, with less than 20 samples identified across the two campaigns. Custom samples are coded in C++. The 2018 dropper relied on a rare C++ cross-platform framework called Haxe to string together pieces of publicly available source code largely found in Chinese-language forums and blogs. | ['T1587.001'] |
Through manual reverse engineering, we were able to extract the main malicious Python modules from the Xbash executables and decompile them successfully. Therefore, in the later sections of this analysis, we show the Python source code. | ['T1059.006'] |
The sample was first uploaded to VT on the 2018-10-12 from the Ukraine. It exhibits an encoding and a code style that are similar to those used by former series of Hades droppers. Nevertheless, it introduces new features like anti-analysis and delayed execution, which were only used by the second stage payload in the past. | ['T1587.001'] |
This resembled the server-side ASPX payload of the China Chopper webshell documented previously. Uploads to VirusTotal in late August 2018 resembling the same filename, iisstart.aspx, indicate the deployed webshell was likely a version of the China Chopper webshell known to have been used by several Chinese threat actors. | ['T1588.001'] |
If we look historically, BelialDemon has been involved in the development of malware loaders. BelialDemon is considered the primary developer of TriumphLoader, a loader previously posted about on several forums, and has experience with selling this type of malware. | ['T1588.001'] |
FireEye’s blog, “Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims with SUNBURST Backdoor,” contains a wealth of useful information, all of which has been analyzed by Unit 42 researchers to help ensure Palo Alto Networks customers are protected. | ['T1195'] |
Towards the end of July, we observed an intrusion that began with IcedID malware and ended in XingLocker ransomware, a Mountlocker variant. XingLocker made its first appearance in early May of this year. The new group was featured in the AstroLocker ransomware blog, and it has been very active since then. | ['T1588.001'] |
XLoader sets up an auto start by creating a new file with a random name in the LaunchAgents folder of the current user: | ['T1543.001'] |
In 2014, a European corporation was compromised prior to constructing a manufacturing facility in Vietnam.. In 2016, Vietnamese and foreign-owned corporations working in network security, technology infrastructure, banking, and media industries were targeted. . In mid-2016, malware that FireEye believes to be unique to APT32 was detected on the networks of a global hospitality industry developer with plans to expand operations into Vietnam.. From 2016 through 2017, two subsidiaries of U.S. and Philippine consumer products corporations, located inside Vietnam, were the target of APT32 intrusion operations. | ['T1587.001'] |
SPLM, otherwise known as CHOPSTICK, or by the author(s) as “XAgent”, is described as Sofacy’s signature second stage tool, selectively used for years against around the world. Really, many modified XAgent modules have been deployed over the years. Even the individual Linux modules renamed as “Fysbis” backdoors released in 2016 were merely modified and reduced portions of recompiled XAgent C/C++ codebase. Anyway, SPLM/CHOPSTICK has maintained various combinations of code, with some recognizable functionality listed here. | ['T1587.001'] |
The first versions of these new USB stealer modules appeared around February 2015 and the latest appear to have been compiled in May 2015. Older versions of these USBSTEALER modules were previously described by our colleagues from ESET. | ['T1587.001'] |
SpyNote is similar to Droidjack and is also a commercial RAT. It is powerful and provides convenient management tools.. At present, the price of different versions on the official websited is $499 and $4000 respectively. | ['T1588.001'] |
While investigating some malicious activity in Central Asia, we identified a new backdoor, named Tunnus, which we attribute to Turla. This is.NET-based malware with the ability to run commands or perform file actions on an infected system and send the results to its C2. So far, the threat actor has built its C2 infrastructure with vulnerable WordPress installations. | ['T1587.001'] |
. . Once the second stage is extracted and run, we are presented with the final stage of this attack, which we refer to as ComboJack. Once ComboJack is extracted it begins by copying itself to the following location: | ['T1587.001'] |
In order to “steal” cryptocurrency from a victim, WeSteal uses regular expressions to look for strings matching the patterns of Bitcoin and Ethereum wallet identifiers being copied to the clipboard. When it matches these, it replaces the copied wallet ID in the clipboard with one supplied by the malware. The victim then pastes the substituted wallet ID for a transaction, and the funds are sent instead to the substitute wallet. | ['T1115'] |
Spora ransomware, which began circulating in January of this year, is a ransomware noted for its sophistication, including top-notch customer support to victims, and was likely created by professional malicious actors. | ['T1588.001'] |
Earlier in the year, as part of an incident response investigation, we uncovered a new version of the Skimer ATM malware. The malware, which first surfaced in 2009, has been re-designed. So too have the tactics of the cybercriminals using it. The new ATM infector has been targeting ATMs around the world, including the UAE, France, the United States, Russia, Macau, China, the Philippines, Spain, Germany, Georgia, Poland, Brazil and the Czech Republic. | ['T1587.001'] |
FormBook authors did some rewrites on the original exploit, taking as their initial codebase the one that we and Microsoft observed as deploying Cobalt Strike beacons. The exploited vulnerability is CVE-2021-40444. However, since the vulnerability itself has been analyzed already, here we focus on describing some of the unique changes made by FormBook. | ['T1203'] |
The 2019 Linux variant of the GoldMax backdoor is almost identical in functionality and implementation to the previously identified May 2020 Windows variant. The very few additions to the backdoor between 2019 and 2020 likely reflect its maturity and longstanding evasion of detections. It is likely GoldMax has been used as a long-term persistence backdoor during StellarParticle-related compromises, which would be consistent with the few changes made to the malware to modify existing functions or support additional functionality. | ['T1587.001'] |
Elknot, also known as BillGates, a very long live and active ddos botnet which targeted Linux systems and was later ported to the Windows platform[4]。. . Now we see Elknot setting its foot on both platforms for this vulnerability, and sharing the same C2 . | ['T1584.005'] |
Janicab’s features also remind us of Powersing’s: the sample contains VM detection based on the MAC address of the machine, looks for malware analysis programs and has familiar antivirus software evasion routines. Janicab also periodically sends screenshot captures of the victim’s desktop to the C&C and appears to enable the execution of arbitrary Python scripts. | ['T1113', 'T1497', 'T1059.006'] |
Functionally, Gauss is designed to collect as much information about infected systems as possible, as well as to steal credentials for various banking systems and social network, email and IM accounts. The Gauss code includes commands to intercept data required to work with several Lebanese banks – for instance, Bank of Beirut, Byblos Bank, and Fransabank. | ['T1114', 'T1082'] |
GandCrab 2 is far from a merely repackaged GandCrab 1. It contains fixes for several flaws in the original, including one critical encryption flaw that would have trivially allowed a universal decryptor (more on this below). | ['T1587.001'] |
The main loader and privilege escalation tool, “autorun.exe” fires up a special dropper, which is actually an Equation Group DoubleFantasy implant installer. The installer is stored as “show.dll” in the “Presentation” folder of the CDROM. | ['T1068'] |
Unlike the original geacon, Blackrota uses gobfuscate to obfuscate the. source code before compiling. gobfuscate is an open-source tool for Go code. obfuscation, which can obfuscate the following elements of Go source code. with random character substitutions: | ['T1001'] |
As the Top Twenty shows, DNSChanger is also widespread. There is actually a connection between Zlob and DNSChanger – we believe they were created by the same gang. Although DNSChanger underwent many changes during its lifespan, basically what it does is simply change the DNS servers from the user’s computer to a set of two specific IP addresses. The IP addresses are selected from a huge pool and the variation comes in distributing thousand of different DNSChanger binaries, each one setting the DNS servers to distinct IP addresses. While changing the DNS servers may not be regarded as something seriously malicious, an attacker who achieves this can actually do a lot of harm – for instance, redirecting websites such as Amazon.com or Bank Of America to phishing installations almost entirely without any sign of warning to the user. To complicate removal, the most recent DNSChangers include rootkit components and even download additional malware. | ['T1014'] |
The group’s arsenal at that point included multiple Trojans and tools for Windows and macOS. In 2015, the actors started to expand their espionage efforts from PCs to mobile devices using the spyware called MobileOrder, which focused on compromising Android devices. Based on the code similarity, shared infrastructure and victimology, we conclude that the new wave of attacks belongs to the same threat actor and that the group continues to deploy and develop MobileOrder malware until this day. In addition to clear code overlaps, we observed multiple overlaps in the infrastructure between the new samples and the old MobileOrder malware variant, as well as multiple variants of Windows Psylo Trojan previously attributed to Scarlet Mimic, that interact with the same malicious domains as the mobile malware. | ['T1587.001'] |
The downloader’s process termination starts with killing the DDG Monero miner botnet client if present on the system, followed by a variety of other cryptominers, including other XMRig instances. This behavior is indicative of attempting to secure more host resources from competing miners. The malware also targets services belonging to Qihoo 360, an antivirus service, in order to reduce the chance of detection. However, taskkill is unable to to kill process related to Qihoo 360. Figure 5 shows the processes that the script attempts to terminate. | ['T1057', 'T1518.001'] |
The NOKKI payload is written to %LOCALAPPDATA%\MicroSoft Updatea\svServiceUpdate.exe prior being executed in a new process. Persistence is achieved by writing the file path to the HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\svstartup registry key. | ['T1547.001'] |
In 2018 Intezer covered Foudre version 8, which contained a certain sample labeled unknown binary that was not explored in Intezer’s research. In fact, this was a new component — called Tonnerre — which was a new step in the evolution of Infy, and contained various functionality absent from Foudre alone. | ['T1587.001'] |
The BazarLoader ISO downloaded from the OneDrive link, consists of a malicious DLL and shortcut file named “Documents.lnk” which executes the DLL via rundll32.exe. | ['T1218.011'] |
The last type of shellcode is a Cobalt Strike stager. We have confirmed the use of several different Cobalt Strike stager shellcodes since October 2019. In addition, some of the observed Cobalt Strike stager samples included a setting in the HTTP header of their malicious communications to disguise them as common jQuery request in order to evade detection by security products. | ['T1588.001'] |
FIN13 rolled many of these reconnaissance efforts into scripts to automate their processes. For example, they used pi.bat to iterate through a list of IP addresses in a file, execute a ping command and write the output to a file (Figure 6). A similar script used dnscmd to export a host’s DNS zones to a file. | ['T1595.001', 'T1059.003'] |
The executable dispci.exe appears to be derived from the code base of the legitimate utility DiskCryptor. It acts as the disk encryption module which also installs the modified bootloader and prevents the normal boot-up process of the infected machine. | ['T1561.002'] |
After the botnets of direct ZeuS successors were taken down, Dridex’s time came. This malware is a result of Bugat evolution (which appeared in 2010). Bugat v5 was recognized as Dridex in 2014. | ['T1587.001'] |
The injected wermgr.exe process then creates a new folder in the user’s AppData directory. As typically seen in Trickbot infections, it drops a copy of itself into this folder along with its encrypted config (settings.ini) and a batch file (launcher.bat). | ['T1055'] |
A sample of the data that is encrypted and sent to the CnC server for version ‘p=2’ is seen in the memory dump shown in Figure 6. At offset 4-7 it contains a time-based counter. It uses the keyword "osamu" in this instance to identify this particular campaign. The campaign keywords are not sent out in version ‘p=1’ but can still be found hardcoded in the DLL payload. The hostname and OS information are also included in the beacon. It awaits further commands from the CnC server in response to the data sent out. | ['T1082'] |
The dropper extracts the communications and wiper components from resources named “PKCS7” and “PKCS12” respectively, while the x86 sample extracts the x64 variant of Disttrack from a resource named “X509”. To extract the components, the dropper is configured to seek specific offsets within the resource, read a specified number of bytes and decrypt the contents using a specified key. The key exists in the sample as a base64 encoded string that the dropper will decode then use each byte of the resulting string to XOR the data obtained from the resource. When determining the location of the ciphertext within the resource, the dropper subtracts 14 from the offset value in the sample’s configuration as an additional layer of obfuscation. Table 1 shows the resources within the Disttrack x86 sample, the component it contains and the values needed to decrypt its contents. | ['T1132'] |
It appears Russian cyber criminals were equally perplexed by the WCry campaign as the rest of the world. One of the members of the popular underground community complained about the recently purchased Virtual Private Server (VPS) which was almost immediately infected by ransomware even before the system update was completed. | ['T1584.003'] |
Cutwail spam levels in the last three months have been significantly lower. The introduction of steganography may suggest that NARWHAL SPIDER has been developing new, innovative methods to evade detection and improve infection rates. Although not commonly used by eCrime actors, steganography has been used for malware delivery in the past, such as the Lurk Downloader and StegoLoader. | ['T1027.003', 'T1001.002'] |
BokBot achieves malicious payload execution by abusing a renamed copy of the legitimate WMIC utility, which will execute a XSL script file. The entire process is outlined below. | ['T1220'] |
A modified EternalBlue exploit, also used by WannaCry.. The EternalRomance exploit – a remote code execution exploit targeting Windows XP to Windows 2008 systems over TCP port 445 (Note: patched with MS17-010).. An attack against the update mechanism of a third-party Ukrainian software product called MeDoc. | ['T1203'] |
The malicious library completes malware installation. Specifically, it creates a registry value responsible for automatically running RMS at system startup. Notably, in most cases of this campaign the registry value is placed in the RunOnce key, instead of the Run key, enabling the malware to run automatically only the next time the system starts up. After that, the malware needs to create the registry value again. | ['T1547.001', 'T1547.001'] |
The SLUB backdoor is a custom one written in the C++ programming language, statically linking curl library to perform multiple HTTP requests. Other statically-linked libraries are boost (for extracting commands from gist snippets) and JsonCpp (for parsing slack channel communication). | ['T1587.001'] |
Last March, we reported a WildPressure campaign targeting industrial-related entities in the Middle East. While tracking this threat actor in spring 2021, we discovered a newer version. It contains the C++ Milum Trojan, a corresponding VBScript variant and a set of modules that include an orchestrator and three plugins. This confirms our previous assumption that there were more last-stagers besides the C++ ones. | ['T1587.001'] |
Reaver encrypts this data using an incremental XOR key and uploads it to the configured remote server on the port specified. The following example Python code shows how this encryption takes place: | ['T1573'] |
If any of the above files or directories exist, the Windows executable throws an exception and exits. This indicates Redaman checks if it is running in a sandbox or similar type of analysis environment. | ['T1497'] |
After opening the doc file (which is again a Web Archive File), the exploit drops and executes the Trojan program “svcmondr.exe” (8052234dcd41a7d619acb0ec9636be0b). | ['T1203'] |
And finally, a mention of Trojan-Downloader.Win32.CWS.j, another common site on malicious websites. This downloader is basically a small stub which downloads and installs variants of CWS, perhaps better known as CoolWebSearch. CoolWebSearch is a malicious program which was first reported circa 2003. Ever since, a huge number of variants have been found in the wild, most of them following the same pattern of hijacking the browser startup page and displaying pornographic pop-ups. Over time, CWS variants have become more and more complex and the latest versions include rootkit stealth components and retro features designed to terminate antivirus programs. | ['T1176', 'T1014', 'T1588.001'] |
The Russian-speaking APT group Turla (known variously as ‘Snake’, ‘Uroburos’, ‘Venomous Bear’ and ‘KRYPTON’) has been active since at least 2007 (and maybe even longer). Its activities have been traced to many high-profile incidents, including the 2008 attack against the US Central Command (the Buckshot Yankee incident) and, more recently, the attack against the Swiss military contractor, RUAG. We’ve discuss its activities on a number of occasions (here, here, here and here). The group intensified its activities in 2014, targeting Ukraine, EU-related institutions, governments of EU countries, global foreign affairs ministries, media companies and possibly corruption-related targets in Russia. In 2015 and 2016 the group diversified its activities, switching from the Epic Turla watering-hole framework to the Gloog Turla framework, which is still active. The group also expanded its spear-phishing activities with the Skipper/WhiteAtlas attacks, which made use of new malware. Recently, the group has intensified its satellite-based C2 registrations ten-fold compared to the 2015 average. | ['T1587.001'] |
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