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null | Albany Senior High School may refer to one of two educational establishments: | 838f853d-1c79-4d38-8779-12f5a83bbdb1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrigadrohid_hydroelectric_power_station"} | Dam
Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station is a hydroelectric plant located on the River Lee in County Cork, Ireland. It is owned and operated by the ESB Group. The dam is 130 m (427 ft) long and has a single 8 MW (11,000 hp) Kaplan turbine which produces an average of 22 GWh (79 TJ) each year. Built between 1952 and 1957. the construction of Carrigadrohid required the destruction of over half of the Gearagh, an ancient alluvial forest, and initially harmed local wildlife. However, subsequently the area has seen the growth of an ecosystem with kingfishers, otters, salmon and swans, which has been designated European Union Special Area of Conservation.
Construction
The Carrigadrohid hydroelectric plant, along with its sister plant constructed 20 kilometres (12 miles) downstream on the River Lee at Inniscarra, formed the fourth major hydroelectric development undertaken by ESB. Construction of the reinforced concrete gravity dam started in 1952 and was complete in 1957. The dam is 130 m (427 ft) long and 22 m (72 ft) high, and operates with an average head of 13 m (43 ft). It is constructed of nine blocks, each between 9.1 and 18.6 metres (30 and 61 feet) in length, and is fitted with three ground sluices and a spillway weir.
Generating capacity
The plant consists of a single Kaplan turbine rated at 8 MW (11,000 hp) manufactured by Voith. It spins at 167 r.p.m. and feeds a single 11,500 kVA Siemens generator running at 10.5 kV. The average output for the station is 22 GWh (79 TJ) a year.
Impact on flooding
According to Cawley et al, the construction of this dam and the one at Inniscarra "have reduced significantly the extent and frequency of flooding along the Lee valley into Cork City". Prior to the construction, there were a number of fatal floodings in the city of Cork, including one on 2 November 1853 that killed 12 people.
Impact on wildlife
As part of the construction of the reservoir to power the plant, 60% of the Gearagh, an ancient alluvial forest, was flooded. The stocks of animals like trout, otters, eels and freshwater pearl mussels were also negatively impacted by the construction. Many species, including freshwater pearl mussels, Atlantic salmon, whooper swans, common kingfishers and Eurasian otters, can still be seen in the area and the reservoir has been designated a European Union Special Area of Conservation. There is a salmon hatchery where over a million smolts are reared every year, of which over 100,000 are released into the river. | 289413c4-5ac8-458a-ba5d-4d62cb1b64f3 |
null | The Forth Estuary Transport Authority (FETA) was the authority responsible for the maintenance of the Forth Road Bridge over the Firth of Forth in eastern central Scotland. FETA was created in 2001 by the Transport (Scotland) Act 2001 - to replace the Forth Road Bridge Joint Board.
Remit
The Forth Estuary Transport Authority was formed in 2001, with a wider remit than the Forth Road Bridge Joint Board it replaced. It was able to fund road and public transport improvements to aide crossing the Firth of Forth, and its new powers permitted it to include the use of routes other than the Forth Road Bridge, such as using the Firth of Forth itself for hovercraft services between Fife and Lothian.
Organisation
The board of FETA had ten members, allocated as follows:
History of significant operations
The Forth Road Bridge underwent a comprehensive structural survey between 2003 and 2005 after suspension bridges of similar design and age in the United States were found to be suffering from corrosion in their main suspension cables. The survey results showed significant corrosion and an accompanying loss in strength of between 8 and 10% in the cables on the Forth Bridge.
The rate of corrosion and weakening of the main cables would have required the bridge to close to HGV traffic some time around 2014 and then close to all traffic by 2019, so plans were drawn up to build a replacement crossing, to run parallel to the existing road bridge between Lothian and Fife. Dehumidification equipment was installed to remove moisture from the inside of the main suspension cables, in an attempt to slow or halt the corrosion, but with no guarantee of success, the Forth Estuary Transport Authority and Scottish Government were left with no option but to plan the construction of a new crossing.
Dehumidification work on the Forth Road Bridge was successful in halting the corrosion of the main cables, so there is now no requirement to close the existing Forth Road Bridge to traffic. The Forth Road Bridge will, as a result, be incorporated into the road network alongside the new bridge, the Queensferry Crossing, and will provide a dedicated public transport crossing, remaining available as a diversionary route in the event the new bridge has to be closed.
Closure
The Scottish Government put out to tender a contract for the operation and maintenance of the existing road bridge and new Queensferry Crossing (the rail bridge remaining under the ownership and control of Network Rail). The successful bidder was Amey plc who would take over maintenance work in 2015.
The Forth Bridges Operating Company (the legal title for the incoming private operator) inherited staff from the Forth Estuary Transport Authority, and transferred over under the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006. The Forth Bridges Operating Company will then be responsible for the maintenance of the Forth Road Bridge, the Queensferry Crossing and the approach roads to the north and south; the M90 from Junction 3, Halbeath, through to Junction 1A, Kirkliston.
The Forth Estuary Transport Authority was disbanded on 31 May 2015. | 4b5aa13e-0570-41c7-b491-2cbae8e65b7d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilakam_Gopal"} | Indian volleyball player
T. Gopal (Gopal Tilkam) (born 20 August 1941) is a former volleyball player from India. He captained the India national team at the 1966 Asian Games.
Overview
In the Inter-Civil Services All India Tournaments, Gopal represented the Andhra Pradesh Civil Service volleyball team:
At the All India Inter Departmental Nationals, he represented the Andhra Pradesh Police Team:
At the All India Inter-Police Meets, he represented the Andhra Pradesh Police Team and helped the team to the following results:
At the National Volleyball Championship, he represented Andhra Pradesh:
International matches
Gopal competed in the following international competitions:
Post-playing career
After his playing career ended, Gopal did the following:
Awards | 2d563379-3721-41a7-b162-1a72f44baa30 |
null | English footballer
Stanley Bennion (9 February 1938 – 5 August 2013) was an English professional footballer. He played in the Football League as a winger for Wrexham and Chester.
Playing career
Bennion progressed through Wrexham's youth setup and signed as a part-time professional with the club in September 1959. He went on to make more than 50 league appearances over the next four years but his opportunities became limited after the signing of Arfon Griffiths in 1962. The following season saw him agree to join Halifax Town, but the move collapsed and Stan joined Chester in time for the 1963–64 season as part of a swap deal with Bill Myerscough.
He made 20 league appearances in his first season with Chester but did not make any more the following season, although he did play in a Welsh Cup tie at Wrexham. He also scored both goals when captain of the Chester side that beat Tranmere Rovers 2–0 to win the Cheshire Bowl.
Bennion then dropped into non-league football, playing for New Brighton until 1970 and then spending four years with Rhyl. He continued to play local football in the Chester area into the 1990s. Outside football he has been employed by Cheshire County Council.
Bibliography | 46e868dc-e640-4019-9970-7493bb2c9bff |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagetron_Advanced"} | Armagetron Advanced is a multiplayer snake game in 3D based on the light cycle sequence from the film Tron. It is available for Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows, AmigaOS 4 and OpenBSD as free and open-source software.
History
Development started in 2000 under the name "Armagetron - Multiplayer Lightcycle Game" as free and open-source software released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License on SourceForge.net. In March 2005 the project continued under the name "Armagetron Advanced", which is also hosted on sourceforge.net.
In 2007, "Armacycles Advanced" was chosen as an alternative secondary game name for the Fedora Linux operating system to avoid future potential trademark issues. For the same reason, "Retrocycles" was chosen as another secondary game name to use with the Steam distribution service in 2020.
Gameplay
Two or more players are represented by dual-wheeled motor vehicles, or light cycles, in a grid-lined arena. The vehicles constantly move forward, leaving a colored trail behind them as they travel. Contact with either the arena walls or a trail left by a player will result in death and elimination from the battle (not only does this remove their trail entirely, the explosion also breaches trails a short distance away). Therefore, players attempt to box each other in order to force their opponents to touch their trail or one of the arena walls. Players can change the direction of movement, by turning 90 degrees to the left or right (though in some servers the number of axes is more than four, making it possible to turn 45 degrees, or none at all).
Being close to a colored trail causes the bike to accelerate; the closer the player is to the trail, the greater the acceleration. This allows players to accelerate and use the resulting speed advantage to outmaneuver their opponents. Players are able to use a brake, the 'v' key by default, to slow down, however, the effectiveness of the brake varies from server to server. Some servers even implement a 'speed brake', which turns the brake key into an accelerator.
Game modes
Several game modes exist:
Reception
Armagetron Advanced has been given positive reviews, In 2008, Rock, Paper, Shotgun called it "about as perfect as freeware gets." As of July 2016, Armagetron Advanced has been downloaded from SourceForge over 3.7 million times. | f3b29df1-d7cc-4454-a4e5-0bcdf2fb2269 |
null | Deer Lakes Park is a 1,180-acre (4.8 km2) county park in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is a part of the county's 12,000-acre (49 km2) network of nine distinct parks.
The park is sited 15 miles northeast of downtown Pittsburgh in Frazer and West Deer townships. Deer Lakes already had a large man-made lake, and during its development two other lakes were added. The lakes are spring fed, and construction of dams and settling basins create a park ideal for fishing. An 18-hole disc golf course with skill-respective tees is featured in the park, and is one of the highest-rated courses in the United States.
Allegheny County is currently evaluating proposals to lease natural gas rights for high volume hydraulic fracturing. This would be the first Allegheny County park to be leased for that practice. County residents have expressed worry concerning the potential dangers of leasing a public park for an industrial purpose, citing an increase in truck traffic, air pollution, water pollution, decreased property value, and potential for catastrophic events, (e.g., an explosion), as possible hazards. | 77d38354-c960-4a15-970e-a38b394a02b4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartington,_Nebraska"} | City in Nebraska, United States
Hartington is a city in Cedar County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,514 at the 2020 census.
History
Hartington was platted in 1883, as a water stop on the railroad. It was named for Lord Hartington, who had then recently paid a visit to the U.S.
Historic buildings
Hartington includes a number of historic buildings. These include three brick structures on the National Register of Historic Places: the Prairie School Hartington City Hall and Auditorium (1921-1923), the Romanesque Revival Cedar County Courthouse (1890-1891), and the Colonial Revival Hartington Hotel (1917).
Geography
Hartington is located at 42°37′16″N 97°15′50″W / 42.62111°N 97.26389°W / 42.62111; -97.26389 (42.621027, -97.263953). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.94 square miles (2.43 km2), all land.
Hartington is served by Nebraska State Highways 57 and 84.
Climate
Demographics
2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 1,554 people, 641 households, and 402 families living in the city. The population density was 1,653.2 inhabitants per square mile (638.3/km2). There were 715 housing units at an average density of 760.6 per square mile (293.7/km2). The racial make-up of the city was 99.2% White, 0.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5%.
Of the 641 households 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.3% were non-families. 34.8% of households were one person and 21.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.08.
The median age was 42.6 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.7% were from 25 to 44; 21.9% were from 45 to 64; and 26.2% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.
2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 1,640 people, 670 households, and 416 families living in the city. The population density was 1,821.5 people per square mile (703.6/km2). There were 738 housing units at an average density of 819.7 per square mile (316.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.15% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.06% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.24%.
Of the 670 households 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 34.5% of households were one person and 22.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.12.
The age distribution was 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 25.9% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.
The median household income was $33,365, and the median family income was $43,897. Males had a median income of $30,848 versus $18,452 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,133. About 1.7% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people | 2701bc91-22d7-4266-b6b4-884ef0d952f1 |
null | Amy (sometimes called Our Girl Amy) is an American syndicated gag cartoon centering on a young, blond girl with a pony tail. Created by Harry Mace on October 2, 1961, it was originally syndicated by the Register and Tribune Syndicate. Mace was later joined on the strip by Jack Tippit, but Mace left the strip in 1964. Tippit continued alone on the strip until it ended in 1991.
Tippit received the National Cartoonists Society Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for the strip for 1970. | 25c97c7e-07ad-4c0c-ba3f-9b972d56a3df |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_On_Energy,_Environment_and_Water"} | The Council on Energy, Environment and Water, commonly known as CEEW, is a Not-For profit Think Tank and policy institution based in New Delhi, India. CEEW was formed to provide independent research-based insights to policymakers for building a sustainable India. The Council also has an office in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It has multiple research projects running across 22 Indian states and other parts of the world.
CEEW's research areas include energy and resource efficiency and security; power sector reforms, industrial decarbonisation, sustainable mobility and cooling, sustainable food systems, climate risks and adaptation, air quality, water resources management, sustainability finance, energy-trade-climate linkages and climate geoengineering governance. The think-tank advises the Indian government. The CEO of CEEW is Arunabha Ghosh.
History
CEEW was founded in 2010 with a mission to identify integrated solutions required to achieve balanced growth and development for India. Given the global nature of climate change and resource challenges, and the need for cross-border, collective action, Arunabha Ghosh, CEEW’s founder and CEO, envisioned an internationally focused institute to “solve real problems using world-class research.
CEEW’s first Chairperson was Suresh Prabhu, a former Union Minister in the Government of India. In 2022, CEEW has over 120 employees, including engineers, economists, social and environmental scientists and management graduates. CEEW's research has been widely covered by Indian and international news outlets. The think tank also convenes the world's best minds for sustainability-related conferences, including its flagship event — Energy Horizons.
Board members
Members of CEEW’s board of trustees include
Funding
CEEW is an independent research institution, which receives its funding through donations and grants. Its funding sources include private and philanthropic foundations, multilateral organisations, government grants, corporations, and public institutions. CEEW’s research caters to an audience comprising policymakers, journalists, academics, industry stakeholders, and students, who are separate from the funders. The think tank does not compromise on its editorial independence.
Research and publications
CEEW has engaged in over 300 research projects. Some of its notable publications include:
Awards and recognition | af546fe7-b7d3-40e6-b7fd-b90c465b9772 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playerist_Poetry_Magazine"} | Playerist Poetry Magazine (ISSN 2048-2515) was an annual journal of poetics and graphic arts based in London (UK). Playerist was founded in 2011 by writer, composer and publisher Martin Slidel, and ran until 2018. Its patrons were Jillian Miller FRSA and poet and actor Amy Neilson Smith.
Ethos
Playerist featured "a range of emergent and established writers and artists" from London, the UK, and worldwide, as a platform for new work. "Names" included photographer Ellen Nolan, Ivor Novello Award winner Catherine Howe, singer Christine Collister, actor Amy McAllister and international Jazz vocalist Barb Jungr. For its second edition, actor Margaret Nolan (who further contributed artwork and verse to the project) was interviewed about her experience as model for Robert Brownjohn's Goldfinger film title sequence. The interview is often quoted in articles about Nolan, and it also concludes the New York Times obituary.
Playerist was a black and white A5 pamphlet on 100g satin paper with an annual run of 200 copies. It is on catalogue at The Saison Poetry Library, South Bank Centre (London, UK), listed as a poetry magazine. Prints were distributed at a range of city venues. As a performance collective, Playerist staged several arts and music events, usually at Covent Garden's Poetry Society, many of which were filmed for the Rockyoumentally YouTube Channel (Director: Alexander McLean). Its launch event in 2011 was at The Seven Dials Club, also in Covent Garden (London). Playerist has a five-star rating on WorldCat. It followed set themes from its inception in 2011 through to its final edition in 2018. Brighton-based (East Sussex, UK) spoken word performer Yassin Zelestine contributed commissioned works for each issue.
The 2014 edition on the theme of "Mistakes" ironically contained a typo resulting in its first run being remaindered, and followed by an amended print.
Themes
Short films
Alexander Mclean filmed and produced a series of promotional videos of various Playerist events held at The Poetry Society's Poetry Café in Covent Garden, London (UK). An exception was "The Playerist Gathering", staged at a Victorian townhouse in North London. Two events featured art installations curated by Slidel who formerly curated a group show at Brighton's Start Gallery. The installations (for separate dates) constituted printed line drawings by graphic artists Mario Herran and Chetan Prajapati. | b8f7a85e-d6c3-49df-8971-95868f8ef217 |
null | Brasília metro station
Ceilândia Norte is a Brasília Metro station on Green line. It was opened on 16 April 2008 as part of the section between Ceilândia Sul and Terminal Ceilândia. The station is located between Ceilândia Centro and Terminal Ceilândia. | 8eb885c1-396c-4034-bad6-3118fbaa841a |
null | American painter
Allan D'Arcangelo (June 16, 1930 – December 17, 1998) was an American artist and printmaker, best known for his paintings of highways and road signs that border on pop art and minimalism, precisionism and hard-edge painting, and also surrealism. His subject matter is distinctly American and evokes, at times, a cautious outlook on the future of this country.
Biography
Allan D'Arcangelo was born in Buffalo, New York to Italian immigrant parents. He studied at the University at Buffalo from 1948 to 1953, where he got his bachelor's degree in history. After college, he moved to Manhattan and picked up his studies again at the New School of Social Research and the City University of New York. At this time, he encountered Abstract Expressionist painters who were in vogue at the moment. After joining the army in the mid 1950s, he used the GI Bill to study painting at Mexico City College from 1957 to 1959, driving there over 12 days in an old bakery truck retrofitted as a camper.
However, he returned to New York in 1959, in search of the unique American experience. It was at this time that his painting took on a cool sensibility reminiscent of Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol. However, throughout his life, D'Arcangelo remained politically active-and this is evident in his painting, though not necessarily in an overt way. His interests engaged with the environment, anti-Vietnam War protests, and the commodification and objectification of female sexuality. Through his painting and writings, it is clear that D'Arcangelo had a palpable discomfort with the social mores of his time, which can be read in the detached treatment with which he treated his subjects.
D'Arcangelo first achieved recognition in 1962, when he was invited to contribute an etching to The International Anthology of Contemporary Engraving: America Discovered; his first solo exhibition came the next year, at the Thibaud Gallery in New York City. In 1965 he contributed three screenprints to Original Edition's 11 Pop Artists portfolio. By the 1970s, D'Arcangelo had received significant recognition in the art world. He was well known for his paintings of quintessentially American highways and infrastructure, and in 1971 was commissioned by the Department of the Interior to paint the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington state.
However, his sense of morality always trumped his interest in art world fame. In 1975, he decided to quit the gallery that had been representing him for years, Marlborough Gallery, because of the way they handled Mark Rothko's legacy. This ultimately sealed his fate of exclusion in the art establishment. He retired to a farm in Kenoza Lake with his family, where he continued to paint and even make earth works. Because of this move, D'Arcangelo's legacy is perhaps less well known than it could have been. He was considered a figure who straddled the lines between many styles of art and was hard to categorize. His cool, pop-like sensibility also met with the usual crisis concerning art movements in the contemporary art world; usually, art movements only last a decade and are then replaced with a new style. However, he did return to the city to continue teaching at Brooklyn College from 1973 to 1992 and the School of Visual Arts from 1982–1992, where he had also previously taught from 1963–1968. Finally, he died in 1998 in New York City due to complications with leukemia.
Artistic style
D'Arcangelo rejected Abstract Expressionism, though his early work has a painterly and somewhat expressive feel. He quickly turned to a style of art that seemed to border on Pop Art and Minimalism, Precisionism and Hard-Edge painting. Evidently, he didn't fit neatly in the category of Pop Art, though he shared subjects (women, signs, Superman) and techniques (stencil, assemblage) with these artists. To D'Arcangelo, his style was less important than the subject matter he depicted and he believed that a culture of protest and resistance was more meaningful than any aesthetic concerns. And the subject he chose to explore first and foremost was the American experience. At first he touched on specific motifs in the contemporary American consciousness, such as President Kennedy's tragic death in Place of Assassination (1965) and environmental concerns in Can Our National Bird Survive? (1962). However, he quickly turned to expansive, if detached scenes of the American highway. These paintings are reminiscent of Chirico-though perhaps not as interested in isolation-and Dali-though there is a stronger interest in the present and disinterest in the past. These paintings also have a sharp quality that is reminiscent of the precisionist style, or more specifically, Charles Sheeler. These paintings also show a deep interest in the contradictions of flatness and perspective as represented on a canvas-ideas that, likewise, artists of the Middle Ages and early Renaissance pondered often. Overall, D'Arcangelo makes an effort at distilling his subject matter into its most honest, intelligible, and synoptic descriptions; his paintings are interpretations of the American experience, not just his own memories.
1950s
Before D'Arcangelo returned to New York, his style was roughly figurative and reminiscent of folk art.
Early 1960s
During the early 1960s, Allan D'Arcangelo was linked with Pop Art. "Marilyn" (1962) depicts an illustrative head and shoulders on which the facial features are marked by lettered slits to be "fitted" with the eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth which appear off to the right in the composition. In "Madonna and Child," (1963) the featureless faces of Jackie Kennedy and Caroline are ringed with haloes, enough to make their status as contemporary icons perfectly clear. Aside from film stars and icons from pop culture, D'Arcangelo also turned to political matters. His well known painting, Can Our National Bird Survive (1962) was painted the same year Rachel Carson published her seminal Silent Spring; its ambiguity also allows the viewer to interpret it as a statement about the Vietnam War.
Late 1960s
By the mid 1960s, D'Arcangelo had abandoned figurative elements and turned to the American landscape, or, more specifically, the highway. D'Arcangelo is better known for his pictures of highways and roadblocks, which pictured deep perspectival vistas in a simplified, flat plane, the view as seen from the driver's seat as one zooms along the seemingly never-ending American highway in most any state. He was initially interested in painting these scenes in a series, like a film strip, as the view changes outside your car window. In these paintings, the artist treats every single object with the same quality-both the same flatness and lack of extreme detail. This reads as detached; D'Arcangelo sought to investigate our separation from the natural world, which become more of a symbol than a description in these paintings. He was actually critiqued for these paintings as much as he was celebrated; pop art was considered a flat style, lacking perspectival plays of space. However, he argued that despite the receiving lines of roads, the paintings ultimately were flat. In fact, these works are full of contrasts and contradictions: the flat surface has deep linear perspective; though there are recognizable motifs present, they are highly schematized; and, abstract designs are mixed with recognizable objects, such as trees.
1970s
Next came a series "Barriers," in which cropped, abstracted imagery of road barriers were superimposed over the one-point perspectival highway vistas. These were a move further towards concern with abstract, two-dimensionality without negating the element culled from seen aspects of the American landscape. The series called "Constellation" (there are 120 in all) further abstracted the view of road barriers into perspectival, jutting patterns thrusting across the canvas against a white ground. The element of the seen is never obliterated and always primary in D'Arcangelo's dialectic, as amply evidenced in his return to highway imagery in the 1970s. Though works from these two series appear abstract, D'Arcangelo still referred to them as landscapes because they generate the same sense of endless space and forces the space of the canvas to move between flatness and depth.
Late 1970s and early 1980s
For several years during that decade, D'Arcangelo slowed down his formerly prolific output. He sheds highway motifs completely and turns, instead, to cropped views of buildings and other structures, containers, and views outside of an airplane. In the Spring of 1982, he had his first one-man exhibition in New York in five years. The new pictures were rather scenic landscape vistas, simplified and showing his ongoing concern with jutting perspectival space, now inhabited by flatly painted images of highway overpasses, a jet wing, grain field, electric lines. Indications of the American industrial scene seem more related to the hand-painted, pristine look of Charles Sheeler than to the pop of, say, Roy Lichtenstein In form, there is also a reminiscence of field paintings in the simplicity and emblematic quality of these works. Now, as before, the main element in D'Arcangelo's pictures is the post-abstraction search for, as he put it, "icons that matter," monumental archetypes of the contemporary American expansive landscape highway.
Exhibitions
Solo exhibitions
1958
1961
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1974
1975
1977
1978
1979
1979–1980
1982
1984
1991
2000
2005
2009
2014
2017
2018
Group exhibitions
1958
1963
1963–1964
1964
1965
1965–1966
1965–1967
1966
1966–1967
1966–1970
1967
1967–1968
1968
1968–1969
1969
1969–1970
1970
1971
1971–1972
1972
1973
1973–1974
1974
1974–1975
1975
1975–1976
1975–1977
1976
1976–77
1977
1977–1978
1977–1979
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1984–1985
1985
1985–1986
1986
1986–1987
1987
1988–1989
1990
1991
1994–1995
1997
1997–2002
1998
1998–1999
1999
2001
2004
2007
2012–2013
2012–2016
2014
2015
2016–2017
2017
Collections
D'Arcangelo's work is found in the permanent collections of major museums and other public institutions worldwide. | a395fb45-ed84-4b5a-bb66-5bf2ebf52517 |
null | Song
The Gloucestershire Wassail, also known as "Wassail! Wassail! All Over the Town", "The Wassailing Bowl" and "Wassail Song" is an English Christmas carol from the county of Gloucestershire in England, dating back to at least the 18th century, but may be older.
The author of the lyrics and the composer of the music are unknown. The first known publication of the song's current version was in 1928 in the Oxford Book of Carols; however, earlier versions of the song had been published, including, but not limited to, publications in 1838, 1857, and 1868 by William Chappell, Robert Bell, and William Henry Husk respectively. Husk's 1868 publication contained a reference to it being sung by wassailers in the 1790s in Gloucestershire. "Gloucestershire Wassail" has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 209.
History
The song was sung in parts of England during the days of wassailing. This historical setting and the nature of its lyrics make it similar to carols such as Here We Come A-wassailing. The current most common version of the song was first published in 1928 in the Oxford Book of Carols by one of the book's three authors, Ralph Vaughan Williams. The tune was sung to him in August or July 1909 at the Swan Inn, an inn in Pembridge, Herefordshire, by an unknown old person from Gloucestershire.
Vaughan Williams published the tune and these lyrics in 1913. However, for the 1928 Oxford publication, he used different lyrics; the ones commonly sung today. These lyrics he largely got from renowned folk music revivalist Cecil J Sharp, as well as some from nineteenth century printed sources. Sharp's collection of lyrics were published in his 1916 book English Folk Songs, Collected and Arranged with Pianoforte Accompaniment by Cecil J Sharp. In the book, Sharp wrote:
The first six stanzas in the text are those that Mr. [William] Bayliss [of Buckland] gave me; they are printed without any alteration. The last three stanzas are from a variant sung to me by Mr. Isaac Bennett of Little Sodbury (Gloucestershire). The words are very similar to, but not identical with, those of "The Gloucestershire Wassailer's Song" quoted by [Robert] Bell (Ballads and Songs of the Peasantry of England, p. 183).
Through the years, there have been, and to a lesser extent still are, many different variations of the lyrics, chorus, and number of stanzas sung, depending on historical time period, geographic location, arrangement, and individual circumstance. The underlying tune used for the lyrics has also altered considerably, depending on similar factors. However the currently used version of the tune is documented to have existed at least several hundred years ago. The sheet music from Husk's 1868 book, which contains the farthest-back reference of it being sung (to the 1790s), resembles today's, and in the oldest known sheet music publication, from an 1813 piece in England's Times Telescope, the tune resembles today's.
Gower Wassail appears to be a related wassailing song.
Recordings
The folklorist James Madison Carpenter made several audio recordings of the song in Gloucestershire in the early 1930s, which can be heard online via the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website. Many other audio recordings were made of Gloucestershire residents singing wassailing songs in the second half of the twentieth century.
The American musical group Mannheim Steamroller did an instrumental cover of the song titled "Wassail, Wassail" on their popular 1984 album Christmas. American early music group Waverly Consort recorded and released the song on their 1994 album "A Waverly Consort Christmas".
Canadian folk/world music singer/composer Loreena McKennitt released the song on her 2008 Christmas album A Midwinter Night's Dream.
Canadian folk trio Trilogy (Eileen McGann, Cathy Miller, and David K.) included the song on the 1996 recording of their touring production, "2000 Years of Christmas".
Lyrics
Below are the ten present-day, most commonly heard stanzas of lyrics, as originally published in the Oxford Book of Carols. Note the first stanza is also the chorus. It is traditionally sung at the beginning of the song and after each stanza, or some variation thereof: | d457f465-6868-4ff8-9494-0f5331d34417 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_European_Hockey_League"} | 1997 edition of the European Hockey League
The 1996–97 European Hockey League was the first edition of the new tournament for European hockey clubs, the European Hockey League. The season started on September, 1996, and finished on January 26, 1997.
The tournament was won by TPS, who beat HC Dynamo Moscow in the final.
First round
Group A
Group A standings
Group B
Group B standings
Group C
Group C standings
Group D
Group D standings
Group E
Group E standings
Quarterfinals
Final stage
(Turku, Finland)
Semifinals
Third place match
Final | 986b247d-c315-413e-a37d-03f0da1c5aae |
null | Deed or right
Èarlaid was the right sometimes sold by an outgoing to an incoming tenant to enter into possession of the arable land early in Spring - the incomer doing the ploughing, sowing and planting, and subsequently claiming the resulting crop. It is in vogue only in places where Whitsunday is the removal term for farmers. | ff5d10c9-1649-4e28-96ee-53aa9b15d4c7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surankote_(town)"} | Town in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Surankote (Urdu pronunciation: [s̪uːɾənˌkoːʈ]) is a town in the Surankote Tehsil of the Poonch district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It occupies the Surankote valley, located between the Pir Panjal and ranges within the Himalayas. It receives snowfall in winters. It is famous for the existence of lakes (9 major and few small) on the Pir Panjal range which are not still connected with the outside world.[citation needed] Although some people visit these lakes by foot for recreation and refreshment.
Geography
Surankote township is located at some 27 kilometres to the south-east of Poonch city and 221 kilometres from winter capital Jammu. The valley comprises 33 villages. The total projected population of the valley is 124,755 which includes Paharis, Gujjars, Bakerwals and a visible Kashmiri minority. Twenty-four villages are located on the western slopes of the main Pir Panjal range while 19 villages are found on the slopes of the Rattan Panchal range. The climatic conditions resemble that of Kashmir. Some high peaks of this valley can be seen from Lahore on a very clear day the highest peak is Tatakuti standing at 15502 ft. With crystal-clear water, the alpine lakes viz. Sukhsar, Neelsar, Bhagsar, Katorasar, Kaldachnisar and Nandansar, fall in this region. The historical waterfalls, Noori chamb falls in Behramgala of this region. In local dialect the passes, alpine lakes and meadows are called gallies, sars and margs or dhoks respectively. Some of the common dhoks in Poonch are Girjan, Panjtari, Isanwali, Nainsukh, Dharamarg, Pirmarg and Sarimastan etc. [citation needed]
Demographics
Religion in Surnakote (2011)
Islam (86.55%)
Hinduism (11.94%)
Sikhism (0.93%)
Christianity (0.40%)
Jainism (0.01%)
Not Stated (0.16%)
As of the 2011 census Surankot has a population of 8,892. Males constitute 53% of the population while females form 47% share. The average literacy is 73%.
Islam is followed by almost 86% population. Paharis are an agricultural tribe and are estimated to be the largest community living in Surankote.
Tourist attractions
Noori Chamb
Noori Chamb associated with the name of Mughal Queen Nur Jahan is known for its waterfall. It is situated near Behram Galla in Surankote Tehsil about 45 kilometres from Poonch town. The fall of the stream gives rise to dense clouds of water vapours which engulfs the area & spread all over. The Emperor Jahangir had developed so much fancy & liking for this fall that he named it Noori Chamb after the name of his beloved queen Nur Jahan. Mughal queen used to stay here for relaxation. She had got fixed a mirror beside the fall on the mountain wall where she used to have her make-up after the bath. Many locals call Noori Chamb a milky waterfall, due to the white-coloured vapours formed during descending.
Peer Ki Gali
Peer ki Gali is a holy place situated between two villages, Poshana and Heer Pur, along Mughal road. Peer ki Gali is likely to be called the heart of the Mughal road. The name Peer Ki Gali has some auspicious relevance as the word 'peer' means a person devoted to religion, as per the Muslim faith. The history of this place dates back to the time of a holy and religiously elevated person named as Alamdar-e-Kashmir, Sheikh Noor-u-Din Noorani (RA) (1378 to 1441).
Transport
Road
Surankote is well-connected by road to other places in Jammu and Kashmir and India by the NH 144A.
Rail
Surankote is not connected with railways. The nearest railway station is Jammu Tawi railway station located at a distance of 208 kilometres.
Air
The nearest airport is Jammu Airport located at a distance of 210 kilometres. | 466e0dd0-d91e-4eb1-8d82-990ba0db2672 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_American_mud_turtle"} | Species of turtle
The Central American mud turtle (Kinosternon angustipons), also known as the narrow-bridged mud turtle, is a species of mud turtle in the Kinosternidae family endemic to Central America. It can be found in the following countries: Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama. In terms of reproduction, the female Central American mud Turtle can lay up to 4 eggs at time of reproduction, and multiple times a year. | 4059cae7-69f9-4ac7-80ea-d73b1f45cb1e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phnom_Aural_Wildlife_Sanctuary"} | Protected area in Cambodia
Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in central Cambodia, covering 2,544.85 km2 (982.57 sq mi). It was established in 1993. It is named after Phnom Aural, the country's tallest peak at 1,810 m (5,940 ft). The Aural mountains are part of the much larger Cardamom Mountains.
Immediately east of Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary is the protected forest known as Central Cardamom Mountains.
This area is threatened by the exceptional danger of illegal logging.
The IBA supports the conservation of two bird populations that have a limited presence in the endemic bird area between the mountains of Cambodia and Thailand. These are the Chestnut-headed Partridge and the Cambodian Laughingthrush Garrulax ferrarius. | 97a855b3-aaa4-496f-9e31-a7cc8f2a3fcf |
null | German long-distance runner
Claudia Metzner (born 5 May 1966) is a retired German long-distance runner.
She finished lowly at the 1990 World Cross Country Championships, did not finish the marathon race at the 1993 World Championships and finished fourteenth in the 10,000 metres at the 1994 European Championships
Lokar became German 3000 metres champion in 1990 as well as cross-country running champion in 1992 and 1993 (short race). She also took national medals in other events. She represented the clubs LG Olympia Dortmund, BV Teutonia Lanstrop, LG Sauerland and TV Wattenscheid.
Her personal best times were 32:29.86 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in June 1994 in Saint-Denis; 1:11:19 hours in the half marathon, achieved in July 1993 in Roermond; and 2:33:20 hours in the marathon, achieved at the 1992 Frankfurt Marathon. | 15979183-a7cb-4958-b637-92e270076bc3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_49ers_baseball"} | The Charlotte 49ers baseball team, commonly referred to as Charlotte, represents the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in NCAA Division I college baseball. Established in 1979, the team is a member of the Conference USA. The team plays its home games at Robert & Mariam Hayes Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina, and are currently coached by Robert Woodard.
Venues
The 49ers play most home games at Robert & Mariam Hayes Stadium since its completion in 2007. However, the surface where the stadium sits today has been the playing surface dating back to 1984.
Coaches
Major League Baseball
Charlotte has had 46 Major League Baseball Draft selections since the draft began in 1965. | 425819ed-0d78-40c2-b6ca-7ef4a6101921 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murex_antelmei"} | Species of gastropod
Murex antelmei is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails. | 50ea599d-482a-467d-af58-e0880e0aa10d |
null | German football manager and former player
Markus Reiter (born 10 August 1976) is a German football manager and former player. Before his career as coach, Reiter played as a defender for MSV Duisburg, Borussia Mönchengladbach and SpVgg Greuther Fürth in the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. He retired as a player in 2001, at the age of 25.
Honours
MSV Duisburg | 71822127-23f2-40e5-9d18-5b6a1e9bde54 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manas_International_Airport"} | Airport in Sokuluk District, Kyrgyzstan
Manas International Airport (Kyrgyz: Манас эл аралык аэропорту, romanized: Manas El Aralyk Aeroportu ; Russian: Международный аэропорт «Манас») (IATA: FRU, ICAO: UCFM) is the main international airport in Kyrgyzstan, located 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-northwest of the capital Bishkek.
History
The airport was constructed as a replacement for the former Bishkek airport that was located to the south of the city, and named after Kyrgyz epic hero, Manas, suggested by writer and intellectual Chinghiz Aitmatov. The first plane landed at Manas in October 1974, with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin on board. Aeroflot operated the first scheduled flight to Moscow–Domodedovo on 4 May 1975.[citation needed]
When Kyrgyzstan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the airport began a steady decline as its infrastructure was neglected for almost ten years and a sizable aircraft boneyard developed. Approximately 60 derelict aircraft from the Soviet era, ranging in size from helicopters to full-sized airliners, were left in mothballs on the airport ramp at the eastern end of the field.[citation needed]
With the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom, the United States and its coalition partners immediately sought permission from the Kyrgyz government to use the airport as a military base for operations in Afghanistan. Coalition forces arrived in late December 2001 and immediately the airport saw unprecedented expansion of operations and facilities.[citation needed] The derelict aircraft were rolled into a pasture next to the ramp to make room for coalition aircraft, and large, semi-permanent hangars were constructed to house coalition fighter aircraft. Additionally, a Marsden Matting parking apron was built along the Eastern half of the runway, along with a large cargo depot and several aircraft maintenance facilities. A tent city sprang up across the street from the passenger terminal, housing over 2,000 troops. The American forces christened the site "Ganci Air Base", after New York Fire Department chief Peter J. Ganci, Jr., who was killed in the 11 September terrorist attacks. It was later given the official name of Manas Air Base, renamed Transit Center at Manas in 2009, and closed and handed over to Kyrgyz authorities in 2014.[citation needed]
In 2004, a new parking ramp was added in front of the passenger terminal to make room for larger refueling and transport aircraft such as the KC-135 and C-17.
Around the same time the Kyrgyz government performed a major expansion and renovation of the passenger terminal, funded in part by the sizable landing fees paid by coalition forces. Several restaurants, gift shops, and barber shops sprang-up in the terminal catering to the deployed troops.
The airport terminal underwent renovation and redesign in 2007. The contemporary IATA codename FRU originates from the Soviet name of the city of Bishkek, then called Frunze. In 2012, the airport handled 1,056,000 passengers.
Facilities
The airport operates 24 hours and its ILS system meets ICAO CAT II standards, enabling flight operations in low ceiling (30 meters or 100 feet) and visibility (350 m or 1,150 ft).
During its existence Kyrgyzstan Airlines had its head office on the airport property. On 2 January 2002 the airline moved its head office to the Kyrgyzstan Airlines Sales Agency building of Manas International Airport. Previously the head office was also on the grounds of the airport.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Chartered
AirIndia operated special flights in 2020 to bring back stranded Indians in Kyrgyzstan due to restrictions caused by COVID-19.
Aerostan is a cargo carrier operating out of Bishkek, which focuses on chartered cargo flights.
Statistics
Annual traffic
Accidents and incidents | 9741e7fe-9de0-4b21-8b94-dbc97314a9b9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern_Comes_Again"} | 2019 nonfiction book by Howard Stern
Howard Stern Comes Again is the third book by American radio personality Howard Stern, released on May 14, 2019 by Simon & Schuster. It is his first book in 24 years since the release of Miss America (1995).
Background
By early 2017, Stern had been broadcasting his radio show on SiriusXM for eleven years and looked into the idea of writing a third book, following Private Parts (1993) and Miss America (1995). He entered discussions with Simon & Schuster, the publisher of Private Parts, who were keen to release it and assigned editor and publisher Jonathan Karp to collaborate with Stern on the project. At first Stern felt apprehensive about writing a third book because his first two had reached "crazy" levels of success. Karp was determined to make the process easy for Stern, however, and in April 2017, having discussed the idea of printing a selection of celebrity interviews from his radio show, visited Stern's Manhattan apartment and presented him with a mockup book of 30 transcripts that he had chosen, complete with a book jacket. Stern was flattered over the gesture, which convinced him to go ahead with the project. Shortly before the book's release, Stern revealed that a key reason to write a third book was his cancer scare in May 2017, after a growth was found on one of his kidneys which turned out to be a benign cyst.
Writing
By the time Stern started on the book, he had decided to expand its initial concept and write not only commentary on some of his favorite interviews, but autobiographical chapters on his life and career in recent years. He decided against using the interviews that Karp originally chose and set about the task of picking his own, trawling through hundreds of transcripts until he settled on 40 and prepared an introduction for each one. Stern also combined excerpts from interviews on a unifying theme, including sex and relationships and money and fame. During this process, Stern decided to include passages from on-air conversations with Donald Trump throughout the book that date back as early as 1995. Stern had planned to complete the book in one year, but this editing process took time which delayed the project by a further year. Stern had to remind Karp to remain patient for him to deliver and dedicated most of his weekends and vacation time to write it, something that he had done on his previous books and vowed "would never do again." Upon completion, Stern said: "I put my heart and soul into this book and could not be more proud of it." The worldwide publishing rights were acquired by Jonathan Kara and Sean Manning from Stern's agent.
Announcement
In June 2018, Stern revealed on his radio show that he had started on a "secret project" and was looking through old photos of himself to use for it. Two months later, the book appeared in the upcoming titles section on Simon & Schuster's website with an initial release date of September 25, 2018. The incident generated some media interest, including from Artie Lange and John Melendez, two former staff members of The Howard Stern Show who speculated what the book was going to be about.
After the initial release date was pushed back, Stern formally announced the book on his radio show on March 12, 2019, revealing its title and front cover. Within hours of the announcement, the strength of pre-order sales made the book number one on Amazon's best seller list. A rift developed between Stern and talk show host Wendy Williams, who discussed the book on her show and alleged Stern had lost his edge from his past shock jock days and had become "so Hollywood right now". Stern retaliated on the air the following morning, feeling insulted and told Williams to "keep your opinion to yourself". Two months later, Stern apologised to Williams for his reaction: "If 'Hollywood' means that I've evolved in some way and the show has changed, then yeah, she hit the nail on the head."
Content
In addition to the celebrity interviews and Stern's commentary on them, the book details Stern's departure from terrestrial radio in 2005 and his move to SiriusXM the following year, his life and career since then. The Hollywood Reporter described his introductions to the celebrity interviews as "like a series of love letters to his subjects." Celebrities that are featured in the book include Madonna, Mike Tyson, Lady Gaga, Billy Joel, Jimmy Kimmel, and Jerry Seinfeld. Stern revealed that his 2015 interview with Conan O'Brien as his favorite of his career.
Release and reception
The book was released on May 14, 2019 in hardcover and electronic formats. Stern embarked on a media tour to promote the book, granting press, radio, and television interviews. Prior to the book's release Stern hired Leslee Dart as a publicist. On the day of release, the book entered Amazon's best seller list at number one. An excerpt from the book was exclusively published online by Rolling Stone. The book entered The New York Times Best Seller list at No. 1 under the hardcover and combined print and e-book categories.
In a review for Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Melissa Ruggieri thought the book is "a gorgeous compendium" of interviews and praised Stern's interviewing style with a voice "always prominent as a narrator and guide through these engrossing dives into the lives of others." A more critical review from Maureen Callahan appeared in The New York Post who considered it a "drag" to see Stern promote a book that contains "just 17 pages of new, personal material – and if you've seen any of his interviews, you know exactly what's on those pages." | c9be4e2d-c902-4b56-9cc9-d143651de72c |
null | Unincorporated community in West Virginia, United States
Sproul is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. It was also known as Big Coal. | bdf25a57-f4f4-4bcb-8e4a-b39cceb3ad2f |
null | English deathgrind band
Musical artist
Gorerotted were an English deathgrind band formed in 1997 that disbanded in January 2008 and reformed with new members as The Rotted. Gorerotted's lyrics and song titles were largely inspired by horror films and serial killers. The band's song titles often incorporated humorous rhymes or puns such as "Cut, Gut, Beaten, Eaten", "Put Your Bits in a Concrete Mix", and "Only Tools and Corpses", a pun on the popular British sitcom Only Fools and Horses, the latter beginning with a similar introductory drumbeat to the sitcom's theme music.
Musically, Gorerotted employed a distinctive dual vocal style. Originally with Ben McCrow delivering a deep, death growl-style, and Mr. Gore (Jason Merle) providing contrast to this with a high-pitched yelling and screaming. When Wilson joined as the band's bass player on the album Only Tools and Corpses he also added to the vocals by delivering high-pitched growls and additional screams, thus the band had three different voices going at times. After Mr. Gore's departure in 2004, Wilson took over his vocal parts in the older songs. The guitar riffs are often fast and technical, with the bass usually doubling these parts. Both the guitars and the bass are tuned down one whole-step (guitars are tuned to D), to achieve a heavier sound. The drumming is extremely fast, often making use of blast beats and double bass.
During their time together, the band toured the UK and Europe extensively with acts such as Nile, Decapitated, Cryptopsy, Vomitory and Pungent Stench, visited the US to play at Maryland Deathfest in 2007, and appeared in an advert for The Sun newspaper, as well as on the soundtrack to two films, namely The Incredibly Strange People Show and Porn of the Dead, a zombie-themed hardcore pornography release.
Ben Goreskin and Tim Carley renamed the band The Rotted in 2008 when their new material took on more of a death metal/punk vibe and continued to tour and record until splitting in 2014. Ben now co-fronts grindcore/hardcore punk/crust punk pioneers Extreme Noise Terror.
Discography
Members
Final line-up
Former members
Touring musicians | 864b5805-c27c-4446-b328-84d2baf963b8 |
null | Indigenous Australian writer
Alexis Wright FAHA (born 25 November 1950) is a Waanyi (Aboriginal Australian) writer best known for winning the Miles Franklin Award for her 2006 novel Carpentaria and the 2018 Stella Prize for her "collective memoir" of Leigh Bruce "Tracker" Tilmouth.
As of 2020, Wright has produced three novels, one biography, and several works of prose. Her work also appears in anthologies and journals.
Origin and activism
Alexis Wright is a land rights activist from the Waanyi nation in the highlands of the southern Gulf of Carpentaria. Wright's father, a white cattleman, died when she was five years old and she grew up in Cloncurry, Queensland, with her mother and grandmother.
When the Northern Territory Intervention proposed by the Howard Government in mid-2007 was introduced, Wright delivered a high-profile 10,000-word speech, sponsored by International PEN.
Literary career
Alexis Wright's first book, the novel Plains of Promise, published in 1997, was nominated for several literary awards and has been reprinted several times by University of Queensland Press.
Wright is also the author of non-fiction works: Take Power, on the history of the land rights movement, was published in 1998, and Grog War (Magabala Books) on the introduction of alcohol restrictions in Tennant Creek, published in 1997.
Her second novel, Carpentaria, took two years to conceive and more than six years to write. It was rejected by every major publisher in Australia before independent publisher Giramondo published it in 2006. Since then it has won the Miles Franklin Award in June 2007, the 2007 Fiction Book award in the Queensland Premier's Literary Awards, the 2007 ALS Gold Medal and the 2007 Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction.
In 2009, Wright wrote the words for Dirtsong, a musical theatre production created and performed by the Black Arm Band theatre company. The performance included both contemporary and traditional songs, and had its world premiere at the 2009 Melbourne International Arts Festival. The show was reprised for the 2014 Adelaide Festival, with performers including Trevor Jamieson, Archie Roach, Lou Bennett, Emma Donovan, Paul Dempsey, and many other singers and musicians. Some of the songs were sung in Aboriginal languages.
Wright was a 2012 attendee of the Byron Bay Writers Festival and Singapore Writers Festival.
Also in 2013, Wright's third novel, The Swan Book, was published. The book delves into the cultural and racial political challenges facing Australia's Indigenous peoples. It was shortlisted for the 2014 Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Indigenous Writing.
In 2014 Wright was appointed an Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.
Wright's book, Tracker, her tribute to the central Australian economist Tracker Tilmouth, was published by Giramondo in 2017. A biographical work variously characterized as unconventional and complicated, Tracker won the 2018 Stella Prize. In the words of Ben Etherington: "It is a work, epic in scope and size, that will ensure that a legend of Central Australian politics is preserved in myth." She was awarded the 2018 Magarey Medal for Biography for Tracker. Tracker also won the 2018 University of Queensland Non-Fiction Book Award at the Queensland Literary Awards. and was shortlisted for the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, Douglas Stewart Prize for Non-Fiction 2019. Wright was on the program for four events at the 2017 Brisbane Writers Festival in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
In 2018, Wright conducted another storytelling collaboration, this time with the Gangalidda leader and activist Clarence Walden in Doomadgee, Northern Queensland. Her work with Walden led to two feature documentaries, Nothing but the Truth, a radio feature that broadcast on the Awaye! program on ABC Radio National in June 2019, and Straight from the Heart, a screen documentary that premiered at World Literature and the Global South in August 2019.
Academic career
Wright is a Distinguished Research Fellow at Western Sydney University.
Wright is currently a member of the Australian Research Council research project "Other Worlds: Forms of World Literature". Building on her success with Tracker, her theme for the project focuses on forms of Aboriginal oral storytelling.
In 2017, Wright was named the Boisbouvier Chair in Australian Literature at the University of Melbourne.
Bibliography
Novels
Short stories
Non-fiction
Editor | 56b5b0e3-f847-4e76-a901-1be9c119ebd2 |
null | Nigerian television host
Illrymz (born Olowu Bardia Adebola; 3 December 1985) is a Nigerian television host, radio personality, writer, producer, event MC, artiste and former model. He is married to Omotara Odunusi.
He is the creator of the daily Instagram news show #SelfieNews and CEO of Contagious Collective, a creative media content company that has produced syndicated radio shows such as Radio Outloud with Nokia & ILL, The Jumia What Am I? Radio Show, Nunu Super Kids, and 0809ja_Radio. In 2016 he became the host of the Coke Studio Radio Hour produced in Los Angeles USA.
Illrymz's television credits include the host of Nigerian Idol, and co-host of StarGist, Soundcity, and Nigezie.
Early life
Illrymz was born in Lagos to a Persian mother and Yoruba father. At the age of 3, he was used as a baby model for an American beauty product. From an early age he sang in the church choir, and always had a lead or major role in the church drama.
Career
Fresh out of high school, he met Emmanuel Essien (aka Mannie) of Cool FM, while working on a radio commercial for Gold Circle condoms. The two bonded as Mannie was a music composer and Illrymz was learning how to use his rhymes to write copy for advertising agencies. Immediately work on his first album started. However, the album was never completed. Shortly after this, he was introduced to another Emmanuel by his brother, this time a rapper called Mannie-X.
They were later joined by Leo Abulu (aka Luvdaddy) who was a close friend of Mannie. They became a Gospel Group called SOL later in the year. After recording four songs, the group decided to rebrand and started working on a new album under a new name Konfused. Once again, six songs into the album, the project was abandoned.
In 2003 he appeared in television and print commercials for Coca-Cola. He went on to model for Benson and Hedges, and MTN, as well as appearing on the runway on shows such as the Nigerian Fashion Show and Fashion Week.
Illrymz went on to study Mass Communication at the University of Lagos in 2006.
In 2005, Illrymz, as a brand name, was born with the launch of Nigeria's First Online Entertainment Magazine – VibeWeekly. Working with Mtech Communications on the Vibedownloads brand for three years.
Television
In 2007 IllRymz made his television debut as the host of Nokia First Chance. Later in 2007, he signed on to urban Nigerian music and lifestyle channel Nigezie as music content producer, brand manager, and on-air personality. During his short stint with Nigezie he set up its 24-hour program schedule, and organised celebrity interviews. In 2008, he signed a television deal with Soundcity where he hosted red carpet events, presented the Global Countdown show, Sprite Triple Slam, and One on One—the celebrity interview show—and produced and presented The Nokia Express Music show. In 2010 he became host of the G-Bam show but the show was cancelled abruptly. In 2011 he became the host of international music franchise, Nigerian Idol, which he hosted for season two alongside Nigerian RnB musician, Tiwa Savage, and seasons three, four and five (2012–2015). In late 2014 he joined the Africa Magic Team as the co-host of the pan African television show StarGist. In 2016 he joined the team of BET Africa as a presenter and insert producer for BET - A List.
Radio
Illrymz produced the radio adverts for the MTV Africa Music Awards (MAMAS) show and went on to produce the 2008 and 2009 Awards radio commercials. He has also produced radio commercials for Nokia, Chicken Republic and Zain (now Airtel).
In early 2009 the Soundcity television brand established Soundcity Radio. Illrymz brought together the channel's ambassadors – Denrele Edun, S-Dot, and Yinka and set up 1-hour daily shows that ran on local radio stations from Monday to Sunday every week. The radio channel started off with music rotation and later transitioned into shows produced by Illrymz such as Nokia Top 5 Playlist hosted by illrymz, Sexy Tuesday hosted by Luvchild, Your Africa playlist hosted by S-Dot, and The Entertainer hosted by Denrele. The channel closed down when Illrymz resigned.
Later that year, he re-branded himself as The Big Homie and launched his own independent radio show sponsored by Nokia, Radio Outloud with Nokia. Starting off on two stations in Lagos the show expanded to six stations across Nigeria. The show showcases celebrities in unusual scenarios. It has featured musicians, actors, comedians, and producers and also UK funky house musician Donaeo, Jiggs from choice Fm London, Jimmie Jean Louis (The Haitian from Heroes & Mr Tunde from Phat Girls), Razz B (actor from DOOM) and Nate Parker from Great Debaters.
Illrymz has gone on to executive produce a series of radio shows under his creative media content company Contagious Collective such as The Jumia What Am I? Radio Show, 0809JA_Radio, Nunu Super Kids, The Wave, Pop Up & Shop, and The A-Team.
In late 2016 it was announced he would host the Coke Studio Radio Hour for Coca-Cola.
He is also the voice casting director for the first 3D animated cartoon series in Nigeria, The Idomietables by Indomie. Contagious Collective is also the production company behind the series' audio production.
Music
In 2006 he released his first solo single, produced by Papilastic, titled "No Mago Mago!". Illrymz then went on a five-year hiatus from music. In late 2011 he "leaked" a single titled "Anyhow", produced by Nigerian producer Dr. Frabz. The singles "Pa Da Wa", featuring Dr. Frabs and Skales, and "Feel My Parol", produced by Samklef, followed. In 2012 Illrymz released the "official" single "Teacher Teacher", featuring Femi Kuti. | 4b306bd8-3bce-4f22-8ff2-ca15f8e642ef |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sheffield_City_Council_election"} | Sheffield City Council elections took place on 5 May 2011. There were 28 seats up for election, one third of the council. The last election left the council with no overall control. Since the previous election, Liberal Democrat councillor Ben Curran, and Lib Dem-turned-independent Frank Taylor had defected to Labour leaving both parties equal at 41 councillors each. This election saw Labour regain control of the council that they lost in 2006, with nine gains from the Lib Dems. Overall turnout was 41.8%.
Councillors elected in 2007 Sheffield Council election defended their seats this year.
Election result
This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:
Ward results
Arbourthorne
Beauchief & Greenhill
Beighton
Birley
Broomhill
Burngreave
Central
Crookes
Darnall
Dore & Totley
East Ecclesfield
Ecclesall
Firth Park
Fulwood
Gleadless Valley
Graves Park
Hillsborough
Manor Castle
Mosborough
Nether Edge
Richmond
Shiregreen & Brightside
Southey
Stannington
Stocksbridge & Upper Don
Walkley
West Ecclesfield
Woodhouse | d4818ded-5a32-4b49-8e63-f5ba4a2164a6 |
null | 14th episode of the 6th season of House
"5 to 9" is the fourteenth episode of the sixth season of House. It aired on February 8, 2010.
This episode shows the way the hospital works as seen through the eyes and works of Dean of Medicine Lisa Cuddy, which includes facing off against a large medical insurer. At the same time, a pharmacy technician is caught stealing drugs, and House wants to use malaria to treat a cancer patient.
Plot
Cuddy rises early in the morning to find Lucas is not in her bed. She quickly goes about her morning of tending to a sick Rachel as she tries to get ready. The nanny Marina arrives to deal with the baby, and Cuddy is about to leave for work when Lucas arrives after an all-night stakeout. Although she's late, stressed, and tired, she agrees to a morning quickie. Lucas "finishes" before she does and so now Cuddy is late, stressed, tired, and frustrated.
When Cuddy arrives at the hospital, she rushes to deal with a problem in the pharmacy. Then she goes to check into the O.R., where Dr. Hourani, mid-surgery, complains that House had bribed the plant to turn up the air conditioner to hurry him up so House's diagnostic team could use the O.R., and subsequently, he threatens to file a charge if it harms his patient's well-being.
Cuddy arrives late to her meeting with insurance executive Eli Morgan, and presents the hospital's final offer. Eli rejects it and Cuddy plays hardball by claiming to terminate their contract with his company. She gives him until 3 p.m. to accept her offer.
Cuddy goes into the hospital board meeting and gives them the news that she does not have a contract with the insurance company. The board members are unhappy, but she defends her decision. She is confident that Eli will give in, but it is made clear that she will be fired if her plan fails.
When a doctor does not show up for clinic duty, Cuddy fills in. She deals with a cancer patient whose oncologist will not give him a prescription for breast milk, which he is sure has cancer-fighting qualities, so that he can get his reimbursement. Cuddy refuses, and the patient walks out calling her a bitch. When finished with this unpleasant encounter, Nurse Regina tells Cuddy that the vascular surgeon called in a replacement with no privileges.
A lawyer waiting in Cuddy's office alerts her that he is suing the hospital and Chase because of Chase's unauthorized reattachment of his client's thumb. Cuddy checks in with Chase, who says that, although his patient wanted the cheapest option, he performed the reattachment surgery anyway, noting that the thumb is a vital digit, and the patient, being a carpenter, would have been worse off without it.
Cuddy confronts Gail, the pharmacy technician who was stealing the ephedrine to lose weight. She apologizes for forging pharmaceutical orders and begs for a second chance. Cuddy does not report the crime to the DEA, but fires Gail.
At lunchtime, Cuddy asks Wilson for his advice on the insurance company, and Wilson suggests she consult House, who is, according to Wilson, the "master manipulator who always gets what he wants." She brings her salad back to her office but House is there. He wants to treat his cancer patient with malaria because he claims it is the cheapest way to deliver hypothermia.
Lucas visits Cuddy at the hospital and lets her know that Rachel does not have a fever. Cuddy goes to a restaurant where the CEO of the insurance company is having lunch. She appeals to him about PPH's proposal and she threatens to defame his greed in front of the press. The CEO does not budge.
The hospital's pharmacist lets Cuddy know that pharm tech Gail had stolen ten cases of ephedrine. Cuddy realizes that this was not about losing some weight. Eli comes to Cuddy's office on orders from the CEO, who has agreed to an eight percent increase. She demands the twelve she asked for, but Eli says they will never agree to such a preposterous number. He suggests she take the deal on the table.
Cuddy sits in a stairwell alone to think. When she emerges, House is waiting at the door. Cuddy finally asks House's advice about taking the insurance company's reply with eight percent. He questions why she would put her job on the line to prove a point.
Cuddy sees that it is now three o'clock, the deadline she gave to the insurance company. There is still no counter offer. She addresses the gathered hospital board members and doctors about terminating the contract. PPH will no longer accept patients from the insurance company. The room fills with buzz.
Foreman announces that they have a liver match for their patient. Yet House does not want to use Dr. Hourani for the surgery. House wants Chase to do it in order to prove to the doubting Dr. Thomas that Chase was his department's best surgeon. Cuddy interrupts House's massage and orders him to get his department under control.
Cuddy tries to rationalize with the lawyer and his client with the reattached thumb. She proposes that if they drop the lawsuit, the hospital will resubmit the claim and pay half his deductible. The man says he cannot pay. He thinks he would be in better shape without his thumb and its medical bills. Cuddy explains that her doctors do good work and deserve to be paid. The lawyer threatens to go to court. Cuddy refuses to back down and retaliates by threatening that the hospital would counter-sue and get paid, even if it means taking the man's house.
Cuddy gets paged to the pre-op area where Foreman and Thirteen are trying to break up a fistfight between Chase and Dr. Thomas. She makes them stop and summons them to her office, but she deals with the duplicitous pharm tech first. Gail is no longer the sobbing victim. Gail is prepared to lie to get out of her crime.
Exasperated, Cuddy is sitting in her car in the parking lot when House comes. Cuddy confesses that she thought the insurance company was the one who was bluffing. House knows she will not quit because the hospital matters to her. He also says he thinks Gail is a sociopath, and that he had said nothing about it to Cuddy because he thought she might come in handy one day, which gives Cuddy an idea.
Cuddy appeals to Gail to admit the truth. Gail calls her an idiot, and says that she began stealing six months after she was hired. Cuddy takes the flower that was sitting on her desk and hands it to Nurse Regina. She explains that Lucas gave her the hidden microphone inside of it, and instructs Regina to pass the recording of Gail's admission to the DEA. With one victory today, Cuddy goes to turn in her resignation to the board.
Marina finally calls to tell Cuddy that Rachel is better, causing her to miss the elevator. The insurance representative arrives, but this time he gives a shocked Cuddy her twelve percent increase from the insurance company with congratulations, which makes her shout with joy.
As Cuddy packs up for the night, she sees a check on her desk. The thumb replacement patient has delivered the first installment of his payment for the surgery. Cuddy rips up the check with a smile. The final cut shows Cuddy lying in bed with Rachel and Lucas, apparently reflecting a moment of peace in her busy day. Suddenly, Cuddy's pager starts to beep.
Music
Reception
"5 to 9" was watched by 13.60 million American viewers. It was the third most-watched show on Fox in the week of broadcast, and the fifteenth across all channels. Viewership was up 840,000 on the season average of 12.76 million. Neal Justin, television critic of the Star Tribune, selected the episode amongst his recommended viewing for the week. Justin commented that "Edelstein's well-balanced performance may finally get her some Emmy love." TV Overmind's Brittany Frederick was pleased to have a House episode centered on Cuddy, observing that "too many early episodes merely had her show up for one line and then leave." Writing for The Star-Ledger, critic Alan Sepinwall noted that he had largely ceased reviewing House, but felt that the episode "was of an order of magnitude so much better than most of this season that [he] felt it deserved mention". Sepinwall praised Edelstein's acting and the episode's "day-in-the-life" format, citing "5 to 9" as proof that "there are still really strong elements to this series." Jonah Krakow of IGN rated "5 to 9" 9.2/10, signifying an "outstanding" episode. Kraków compared it positively to the earlier season six episode "Wilson", which similarly varied from the show's traditional format by depicting events from the perspective of House's friend James Wilson. He deemed the episode "amazing", calling it a "great showcase" for Edelstein and suggesting that a show centered on Cuddy could be a viable House spin-off. Kraków also observed the increased depth of characterization given to Cuddy, writing: "For years she's been portrayed as a cat's toy for House to bat around, but that's because we've never seen things through her eyes. As it turns out, she's a much more complicated character, and by the end of the episode, we learned beyond a shadow of a doubt why she's in charge."
In contrast to Kraków, Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club felt that "Wilson" was the more successful of the two episodes, observing that while "Wilson" increased understanding of the episode's central character, "In "5 to 9," we get more face time with Cuddy, and she's less of a cypher than usual, but her true nature remains tantalizingly out of reach." Handlen commented that the episode had some good scenes, but ultimately did little to advance the show, grading it "B". TV Squad's Jonathan Toomey raised similar issues, noting that "'5 to 9' wasn't a bad episode (in many ways, it felt like a back-door pilot for Cuddy), but it was, in a word, pointless." Toomey wrote that "At the end of the day, '5 to 9' doesn't really add anything to the world of House, and its outside-the-box attempt at being different just ended up being forgettable." | 42423746-e446-4eb7-837c-88cbb21a0ded |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wannsee_House_and_the_Holocaust"} | Wannsee House and the Holocaust by Steven Lehrer tells the story of the elegant suburban Berlin villa where the Wannsee Conference took place on January 20, 1942. At that meeting, Reinhard Heydrich announced the plans for the deportation and extermination of all Jews in German-occupied territory. This to be coordinated with the representatives from the Nazi state agencies present at the meeting.
A prosperous drug manufacturer, Ernst Marlier, built the Wannsee Villa in 1914, but was forced to sell in 1921 because of business and legal problems. The buyer was Friedrich Minoux, a wealthy German industrialist and partner of Hugo Stinnes. Minoux was later convicted of swindling the Berlin Gasworks, the largest fraud of the Nazi era. From his jail cell in Berlin, Minoux sold the Wannsee Villa to the Stiftung Nordhav, a foundation controlled by Reinhard Heydrich, whose Berlin home was nearby. After World War II, a Holocaust survivor and historian, Joseph Wulf, campaigned in vain to have the Wannsee Villa made into a Holocaust memorial. Bitterly frustrated, Wulf committed suicide in 1974. In 1992, the Berlin Senate finally made the Wannsee Villa into a memorial.
"The German decision to make the Wannsee House a shrine to victims is another part of the society's effort to remember its past. This book ensures that Wannsee will not be forgotten." | 3f5c217d-80aa-404b-8116-87713462da8d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle_Green"} | Australian politician (born 1963)
Danielle Louise Green (born 19 September 1963) was an Australian politician, who served as the member for Yan Yean in the Victorian Legislative Assembly until 2022. She represented the Labor Party
Before entering Parliament, she had completed a Bachelor of Arts at Deakin University in 1993, and she was an electoral officer for Andre Haermeyer before a redistribution turned Yan Yean into a notionally Liberal seat. Haermeyer chose to contest Kororoit at the 2002 election. Green won Labor preselection. Amid the massive Labor wave that swept Victoria in that election, Green won on a swing of over 10 percent, turning Yan Yean into a safe Labor seat in one stroke.
Green describes herself as being "active in many local community groups, including (her) local CFA as well as being the No.1 ticket holder of the Greensborough Hockey Club."
Following the 2006 Victorian state election, Green was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Police & Emergency Services.
After Labor's loss at the 2010 Victorian state election, Green was appointed as Shadow Minister for Disability Services, Health Promotion, Emergency Services & Volunteers. Since that time, Green also held responsibility for the Child Safety & Women's Affairs portfolios. In a reshuffle announced in December 2013, Green was appointed as Shadow Minister for Preventing Family Violence and Shadow Minister for Health Promotion & Women.
At the 2014 Victorian state election, Green was re-elected with a 4% swing and was subsequently appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Tourism, Major Events and Regional Victoria.
On 24 November 2021, Green announced that she would not be recontesting her seat at the 2022 Victorian state election. | 2787fbfe-dc36-4f78-902e-5e7088aba79f |
null | Bardhaman is a city in West Bengal.
Bardhaman or Burdwan or Barddhaman may also refer to: | 23d90927-9e81-4d5e-aba0-f53a7ef1c638 |
null | Irish Gaelic footballer
Aidan Tuite (Irish: Aodhán de Tiúit) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Senior Football Championship team Skryne. He is currently[when?] the captain of the Skryne team, and on 26 September 2010 became the 13th Skryne captain to lift the Keegan Cup by leading Skryne to their 13th Meath Senior Football Championship.
Honours | 3d35ffe1-db1c-4b06-a002-689598b1d2d6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tironui_railway_station"} | Defunct railway station in New Zealand
Tironui railway station was a station on the North Island Main Trunk in New Zealand, south of Auckland between Takanini railway station and Papakura railway station. It had a station building and a 92 m (302 ft) long, 42 cm (17 in) high platform. Electric light was added in 1933. According to Scoble, it was opened on 10 May 1926 and closed on 13 August 1983.
The opening of the station added 2 minutes to the schedules of Auckland-Papakura trains. Puhinui, Homai and Te Mahia all opened at about the same time as Tironui, to cater for the expansion of Auckland's southern suburbs.
The railway through Tironui was opened on 20 May 1875, as part of the Auckland and Mercer Railway, built by Brogden & Co, who extended it from Penrose. Duplication of the tracks between Papatoetoe and Papakura, through Tironui, started in 1929 as an employment relief scheme and was completed on 29 March 1931. It was electrified in 2015.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "expansive view" for Tironui.
In 2015 Auckland Transport agreed to investigation of a potential station site at Tironui, which could be opened if growth requires it. Other potential new rail stations looked at were Paerata, Drury and Drury West. | edbd33fb-a4b5-423a-8e9c-82c18311eb82 |
null | Unincorporated community in West Virginia, United States
Fairview is an unincorporated community in Mason County, West Virginia, United States. Fairview is located on County Route 1, 2 miles (3.2 km) south-southwest of Hartford. | 9feb96e2-0351-4972-b285-85a588bc8ae4 |
null | British author of crime fiction
John Harvey (born 21 December 1938 in London) is a British author of crime fiction most famous for his series of jazz-influenced Charlie Resnick novels, based in the City of Nottingham.
Writing career
Harvey has published over 100 books under various names, and has worked on scripts for TV and radio. He started writing in the 1970s when he produced a variety of pulp fiction including westerns. He also ran Slow Dancer Press from 1977 to 1999 publishing poetry. His own poetry has been published in a number of chapbooks and two collections, "Ghosts of a Chance" and "Bluer Than This", published by Smith/Doorstop. In 2014 Smith/Doorstop published a New & Selected Poems, "Out of Silence".
The first Resnick novel, Lonely Hearts, was published in 1989, and was named by The Times as one of the 100 Greatest Crime Novels of the Century. Harvey brought the series to an end in 2014 with Darkness, Darkness, which he dramatised for the stage and which was produced at Nottingham Playhouse in 2014.
The next series from Harvey was the Frank Elder series. The first novel in that series, Flesh and Blood, won Harvey the Crime Writers' Association Silver Dagger in 2004, an accolade many crime fiction critics [who?] thought long overdue. In 2007 he was awarded the Diamond Dagger for a Lifetime's Contribution to the genre.
Nottingham links
Harvey moved to Nottingham in the 1960s in order to teach English and Drama at Heanor Aldercar Secondary School in South East Derbyshire. Towards the end of the 1960s he left Nottingham to teach first in Andover, Hampshire, and then in Stevenage, Herts, returning to Nottingham to study for an MA in the Department of American Studies at the University of Nottingham. .
On 14 July 2009 he received an honorary degree (Doctor of Letters) from the University of Nottingham in recognition of his literary eminence and his associations with both the university and Nottingham (particularly in the Charlie Resnick novels).
He is a Notts County F.C. fan and honorary member of its supporters club. Since 2016 he has been President of Bromley House Library. He now lives in London.
Bibliography
Standalone novels
Charlie Resnick series
Frank Elder
Scott Mitchell
Short Stories
Awards and accolades | 829b1cad-36f8-490e-aee0-ab8b246044ae |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_LeVine"} | American art dealer
Jonathan LeVine is an American art dealer, instrumental in the proliferation of lowbrow and street art on the East Coast of the United States.
About
LeVine grew up in Trenton, New Jersey. As a teenager, he encountered punk rock music and the punk scene, and began producing fanzines, promoting shows, and booking bands. He attended Montclair State University, and graduated with a degree in sculpture. Beginning in 1994, and while working at Montclair State University, LeVine became an independent curator, exhibiting punk flyers, comics, graffiti, and tattoo art at punk rock venues CBGB, Webster Hall, Max Fish and Maxwell's. Prominent artists in his early exhibitions included the contemporary artist Ron English, the visual artist and musician Daniel Johnston, and the street artist Shepard Fairey. In February 2001, LeVine opened a small gallery called Tin Man Alley in New Hope, Pennsylvania. Tin Man Alley initially sold vintage toys, novelty items, and lowbrow art. LeVine moved his gallery in 2005 to Manhattan, New York City.
Gallery
In January 2005, LeVine opened the Jonathan LeVine Gallery to the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, at 529 West 20th Street. The gallery promoted graffiti art as fine art, holding a major group show in conjunction with São Paulo's Choque Cultural gallery, in 2007. Work by eight Brazilian street and graffiti artists was exhibited as Ruas De São Paulo. That June, LeVine rented a temporary space, in the Dumbo section of Brooklyn, for Shepard Fairey's exhibition, entitled E Pluribus Venom, and in December LeVine had an international street art show called, entitled The Streets of Europe, which featured artists from France, England, and Italy. The show included the contemporary artist Bo130, the graffiti artist Blek le Rat, the street artist D*Face, and the urban artist Invader. In 2010, he curated a large group show for the fifth anniversary of his gallery, and some of the works were also showcased on The New York Times website, with audio commentary by LeVine.
In early 2012, Gingko Press released Delusional, a biography on LeVine and retrospective of the foundation and development of the Jonathan LeVine Gallery. In it, the author notes Levine "has nourished a much needed alternative viewpoint within the stilted New York art market." Later that year, the gallery presented Détournement: Signs of the Times, an anticipated group exhibition by curator Carlo McCormick, which featured work by the street artist and realist painter Dan Witz, the photographer and artist Jack Pierson, and Ron English. Nicola Verlato's How The West Was Won was also shown that year. In early 2014, the gallery expanded to a second location in Chelsea, Manhattan, and that same year LeVine partnered with the art magazine Juxtapoz to present Art Truancy: Celebrating 20 Years of Juxtapoz Magazine.
In 2017, the gallery relocated to Jersey City, New Jersey, and was renamed as Jonathan LeVine Projects. It was located at the cultural center Mana Contemporary, and the opening exhibition, entitled Welcome to New Jersey, highlighted street, pop surrealism, and hyper realism art. In 2017 and 2018, LeVine held the Delusional Art Competition, which allows emerging artists the opportunity for solo exhibition in his gallery. In 2018, LeVine relocated the gallery to 150 Bay Street in Jersey City.
Other work
In the 1990s, Levine played in a band called Drywater that reformed in 2016, as Cyclone Static.
Accolades
LeVine is noted for being a standout contemporary art curator, on the forefront of cutting-edge art trends. Christopher Rodgers of The Jersey Journal asserts that LeVine has "had success helping the careers of many artists." Madonna, Marilyn Manson and Mark Parker have purchased work from LeVine. | 6defca87-cac4-4852-b39f-7c2149781fc9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmatian_Liberal_Party"} | The Dalmatian Liberal Party (Croatian: Dalmatinska liberalna stranka, DLS) was a regional left-wing liberal political party in Croatia formed by dissident members of the Liberal Party. The party was founded on April 4, 2005, and its membership in 2006 was estimated at 160.
A number of dissidents, led by Ante Tešija, then president of the Split city branch of the Liberal Party, disagreed with the party's central committee in Zagreb on the proposed reunification of the party with the Croatian Social Liberal Party. After this unification took place, Tešija and the other dissidents formed the new party. Its members are largely former members of the Liberal Party from Split and the surrounding area.
Tešija became president of the DLS. In the last local elections the party got 1,873 votes (1.2%) in Split-Dalmatia County. The party's stated program includes opposition to overbuilding on the Adriatic coast, prosecution of industrial pollution, and greater government spending on education and health care.
In the 2007 elections for Parliament that were held on 25 November 2007, DLS ran in the 9th and 10th electorate. The party got disappointing results of only 344 votes (0.13%) in the 10th electorate and 400 votes (0.16%) in the 9th electorate, finishing among the last few parties.
In 2009 the party merged with Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats.
Electoral history | 40adb8b8-4e62-46c8-89da-e457f9c3dd4b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Gopalaiah"} | Indian politician
Kamakshipalya Gopalaiah is an Indian politician serving as the Minister of Excise of Karnataka from 21 January 2021. He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Mahalakshmi Layout in the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election as a member of Janata Dal (Secular). Later, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2019 and won the by-elections same year. | 0f186618-0a21-44aa-abe9-6d3c01293a34 |
null | The Eugene Formation is a geologic formation in Oregon. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period. | f592c415-53af-4d1f-8c73-b49ae02303bd |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidus"} | Final Fantasy character
Fictional character
Tidus (Japanese: ティーダ, Hepburn: Tīda) is a fictional character in Square Enix's Final Fantasy series and the main protagonist of the 2001 role-playing video game Final Fantasy X. Tidus is a 17-year-old from the city of Zanarkand who is transported to the world of Spira following an attack by the creature Sin. Shortly after his arrival he meets and joins Yuna, a mage and her guardians in a pilgrimage to kill Sin after learning that he is actually his missing abusive father Jecht. He has appeared in other video games, including the Final Fantasy X sequel Final Fantasy X-2, the Kingdom Hearts series, and several Square Enix crossover games.
Tidus was designed by Tetsuya Nomura with a cheerful appearance, in contrast to previous Final Fantasy protagonists. Scenario writer Kazushige Nojima wanted to expand the relationship between player and character with monologues describing the game's setting. While the narrative was initially focused the romance between Tidus and Yuna, Square provided a major focus on his misrelationship with Jecht in order to provide a major impact in the setting,. Tidus is voiced primarily by Masakazu Morita in Japanese and James Arnold Taylor in English. Both actors enjoyed voicing the character, and Morita also performed his motion capture.
He has been generally well received by video-game critics. Tidus' cheerful personality and heroic traits make him an appealing protagonist, contrasting with previous male characters in the franchise. His character development and romantic relationship with Yuna are considered among the best in video games, although reviewers and fans were divided on Taylor's voicing. Tidus has been popular with fans, often ranking as one of the best Final Fantasy characters in polls. Action figures and Tidus-related jewelry have been produced, and he is a popular cosplay character.
Creation and development
Before the development of Final Fantasy X, game scenario writer Kazushige Nojima was concerned about the relationship between the player and the main character in a Final Fantasy title and wanted to try to make the story easier to follow. Since the player and the main character find themselves in a new world, Nojima wanted Tidus' understanding of that world to track the player's progress in the game. Nojima felt that Tidus was the easiest character to draw in the first half of Final Fantasy X, because character and player learn about the storyline together. Nojima created a brief description of Tidus for character designer Tetsuya Nomura, and Nomura created a sketch for input from Nojima and other staff members. Nomura was asked to design Tidus differently from the game's theme so he would stand out. Movie director Hiroshi Kuwabara noted the difficulty the developers had in making Tidus and the other main characters realistic. The staff wanted to use an undead person as a playable character, and Tidus was meant to be that character. During Final Fantasy X's development, however, Nojima saw a film with a similar idea for its protagonist. The role of an undead person was then given to a secondary character, Auron. Director Yoshinori Kitase said that in the development of Final Fantasy X, one of the staff's main objectives was to focus on the romance between Tidus and Yuna. Nojima said that he cried during the game's ending, when Tidus and Yuna are separated and Tidus vanishes.
Nomura mentioned the contrast between the lead male and female protagonists established by their names; Tidus' name is based on the Okinawan word for "sun", and Yuna's name means "night" in Okinawan. The contrast is also indicated by the items required to empower their celestial weapons: the sun sigil and crest for Tidus, and the moon sigil and crest for Yuna. Because a player can change Tidus' name, the character is not referred to by name in audible dialogue; however, a character in Dream Zanarkand uses Tidus' name in a dialogue box. The only other in-game appearance of his name is "Tidu" in Spiran script on the nameplate of an Auroch locker in the Luca stadium. Before Final Fantasy X's release, Tidus was known to the media as Tida. In early 2001, PlayOnline changed the character's name to "Tidus". Because his name is never spoken in Final Fantasy X, its intended pronunciation has been debated. Interviews with James Arnold Taylor and spoken dialogue in the English versions of Dissidia Final Fantasy, Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy, and Kingdom Hearts (with cameo appearances by the character) indicate that it is pronounced /ˈtiːdəs/ (TEE-dəs); in the English version of Kingdom Hearts II, Tidus' name is pronounced /ˈtaɪdəs/ (TY-dəs). According to Taylor, it was pronounced TEE-dəs during the localization of Final Fantasy X because the narrator of an early English trailer pronounced it that way.
For the sequel, Final Fantasy X-2, producer Kitase thought that the greatest fan expectation was for the reunion of Tidus and Yuna after their separation in the first game. The game generated rumors about Tidus' connection with the villain, Shuyin, who was physically similar and had the same actors. Square responded that such a storyline, given Tidus' nature, would be too complicated. For the remastering of Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy X-2, producer Kitase's motivation was to have people too young to have played the games experience them; his son was only old enough to know the characters of Tidus and Yuna from Dissidia Final Fantasy and its prequel.
Design
Designer Nomura said that he wanted Tidus' clothing and accessories to suggest a relationship with the sea. Tidus' clothing has a distinctive blue motif; his blitzball team logo, based on a fish hook, is an amalgam of the letters "J" and "T" (the first letters of Tidus' name and that of his father, Jecht).
Tidus' design was specifically made to stand out within the world of Spira. Because of the improvements with the technology when compared with previous Final Fantasy games, Nomura also wanted to make Tidus' face more realistic and make his built more noticeable especially when compared with previous Final Fantasy characters who had a scrawney look. Square specifically asked Tidus to give him an Asian vibe. Both Tidus and fellow comrade share the keycolor blue with the former making match with the ocean. Artist Yusuke Naora alsow worked on Tidus' design in and his relation to the sea, which he found hard to draw and transform into CGI.
The developers had difficulty with Tidus and Yuna's kissing scene, since they were unaccustomed to animating romantic scenes. According to Visual Works director Kazuyuki Ikumori, this was due to the use of 3D models, and it was revised several times due to a negative response from female staff members. Tidus was initially a rude plumber who was part of a delinquent gang, but Kitase said he would be a weak protagonist and he was made an athlete instead.
Personality
According to Nomura, he wanted to give Tidus a cheerful persona and appearance after designing serious, moody main characters for Final Fantasy VII and Final Fantasy VIII. He wanted to continue the recent trend of sky-related names, and Kazushige Nojima chose a name based on tiida (Okinawan for "sun"). Nojima called Tidus' personality "lively" and compared him to Final Fantasy VIII's Laguna Loire and Zell Dincht, two other cheerful characters.
His relationship with his father was based on "stories throughout the ages, such as the ancient Greek legends" and would reveal the key to the weakness of Sin, the game's main antagonist. Kitase noted that, in contrast to previous orphan characters seen in the franchise, Tidus' character arc included accepting Jecht's seeking redemption for Tidus' child abuse. Kitase felt that the voice acting and facial expression were crucial to Tidus at this stage. Motomu Toriyama said that when Final Fantasy X was released, he saw the story from Tidus' point of view: "about parent, child and family". Although Final Fantasy X was originally centered on the relationship between Tidus and Yuna, the addition of Jecht's character and his feud with son was added later in the making of the game to provide more focus on how the father and son produce a bigger impact in Spira's history rather than the romantic couple. Kitase found the story between Tidus and Jecht to be more moving than the story between Tidus and Yuna.
Voice actors
Masakazu Morita voiced Tidus in Japanese. He called the character a career highlight, comparable to his voicing of Bleach manga protagonist Ichigo Kurosaki. Morita also enjoyed performing Tidus' motion capture, which gave him a greater understanding of the character's personality; when he recorded Tidus' dialogue for the game, he moved his body. Morita said that Tidus was his favorite, calling him "the most outstanding, most special character to me". As his first work as an actor, he has fond memories of voicing Tidus and interacting with other Final Fantasy X staff members. Morita said that there was no difficulty in working as Tidus, since the character's personality was similar to his own, and he did not need to study the character. However, he was concerned that if fans did not enjoy Tidus it would impact his career. When announcing the Japanese actor, Square said that Morita was chosen because he also did the motion capture for Zell (which would make fans remember previous games). Across Final Fantasy X there are also flashback scenes which depict a seven-year old Tidus. For these scenes Tidus is instead voiced by Yūto Nakamura.
For the fighting game Dissidia Final Fantasy, Morita returned to voice Tidus. He was concerned about being able to perform the character's lines like the original Final Fantasy series, since it had been nearly a decade since he voiced Tidus. By that time, he was also more accustomed to acting as Ichigo and Keiji Maeda from Capcom's Sengoku Basara hack-and-slash games and the characters had a different vocal tone than Tidus'. When Moriata returned to voice Tidus, he tried to make it match his original performance. When the game director complimented Morita for keeping the character's tone, Morita was relieved and joked that he felt younger.
James Arnold Taylor was Tidus' English-language voice. Taylor was offered the role by voice director Jack Fletcher (who believed that he would fit the character), and translator Alexander O. Smith explained Tidus to him. In contrast to Morita, Taylor made the character friendlier and less serious with the staff's approval. After recording Final Fantasy X, Taylor said that he would enjoy voicing Tidus again; the character was "like an old friend to me now. I know so much more about him now than I did when we first started, knowing hardly anything about him. I would really hate it if anybody else voiced him". Recording the game took Taylor three-and-a-half months, and he enjoyed the experience.
According to Taylor, it would be unrealistic for Tidus to hide emotion. He said that although there were things he would change about his performance (such as the scene where Tidus and Yuna begin laughing together), he was grateful for the warm fan reception of his work. Smith felt that the forced-laugh scene was adapted well from the original Japanese scene, because of how "stilted and out of place" it was in the original version. Smith was confused by Morita and Mayuko Aoki's performance, but after discussing it with Nojima he found it well done in both languages and called it "awkward" and "funny". When Final Fantasy X was re-released in 2013, Taylor said that he was proud to be Tidus' voice. For Dissidia NT, Taylor commented that while Tidus' new role would seem new to players due to how he is led once again into battle, people would still find him as an appealing new trait.
Appearances
Final Fantasy X series
In Final Fantasy X, Tidus is a player in the underwater sport of blitzball in an advanced, technological version of Zanarkand. Belying his cheerful, carefree attitude, Tidus hates his absent father, Jecht—initially because of his mother's neglect, and later for their rivalry at blitzball. During a blitzball tournament, Zanarkand is destroyed by a huge, shrouded creature known as Sin. Sin transports Tidus and Jecht's friend, Auron, to the world of Spira. After his arrival on Spira, Tidus drifts to the island of Besaid and joins a number of guardians on a journey to help Yuna defeat Sin. Tidus joins them in the hope of finding his way home.
When he meets Auron, Tidus learns that Jecht and Auron made the same pilgrimage ten years before to protect the summoner Braska (Yuna's father) and defeated Sin (who was reborn as Jecht). As the journey continues, Tidus, losing hope that he will return home, begins a romantic relationship with Yuna and swears not to let her die after the guardians tell him that Sin's battle will kill her. When the party approaches Zanarkand, Tidus learns that he and Zanarkand are the dreams of dead people known as fayth. "Dream" Zanarkand was created when Sin was born during the war between Zanarkand and Bevelle and the original Zanarkand was destroyed. If Sin is permanently defeated, the summoning of Dream Zanarkand and its people (including Tidus) will cease. In the real Zanarkand, the group decides to find a way to destroy Sin which does not require the sacrifice of a guardian or a summoner. They attack Sin, entering its shell. They eventually find Jecht (whom they must defeat to eliminate Sin), and Tidus makes peace with his father in the aftermath. After defeating the spirit of Yu Yevon (who is responsible for Sin's rebirth), the fayth are allowed to leave and the summoning of Dream Zanarkand ends. As he vanishes, Tidus says goodbye to his friends and joins the spirits of Auron, Jecht and Braska in the afterlife.
Tidus makes few appearances in the plot of the 2003 sequel, Final Fantasy X-2, although meeting him is the player's objective. Two years after the events of Final Fantasy X, Yuna sees a sphere with a young man resembling Tidus trapped in a prison. She joins the Gullwings, a sphere-hunting group, and travels around Spira in the hope of finding more clues that Tidus is alive. The individual in the sphere is later revealed as Shuyin. Depending on the player's development during the game, the fayth will appear to Yuna at the end and tell her that they can make Tidus return to her. He then appears in Spira, and he and Yuna are reunited. In another final scene, Tidus unsure whether or not he is still a dream wants to remain with Yuna. He is also an unlockable character as Star Player, a blitzball player. In Final Fantasy X-2: International + Last Mission (the game's updated version), Tidus is a recruitable playable character for battles. An extra episode, set after the original game's play-through, reveals that he is living in Besaid with Yuna. An illusion of Tidus also appears as a boss character.
Tidus' dialogue, monologues and songs were included on the Final Fantasy X Vocal Collection and feel/Go dream: Yuna & Tidus CDs. Although he does not fully understand that he is not the fayth's dream, Tidus feels that disappearing would be preferable to making Yuna cry again. The novel Final Fantasy X-2.5 ~Eien no Daishou~, set after Final Fantasy X-2, explores Tidus and Yuna's visit to Besaid Island 1,000 years before. The HD remastered version of Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy X-2, Final Fantasy X/X-2 HD Remaster, adds an audio drama (Final Fantasy X: Will) in which Tidus is a new blitzball star who appears to be concealing an injury. After Yuna breaks up with him, Tidus helps her on a quest to defeat a reborn Sin. Tetsuya Nomura made a revision of Tidus's design for this game, hinting it will be used in a possible Final Fantasy X-3. Onoe Kikunosuke V will portray Tidus in the 2023 kabuki play adaptation of Final Fantasy X while Onoe Kikunosuke V will play his child persona.
Other appearances
He also appears in games outside the Final Fantasy X fictional universe, and a younger version is a friend of the protagonists Sora and Riku in the Kingdom Hearts series. In Kingdom Hearts, Tidus appears with younger versions of Wakka and Final Fantasy VIII's Selphie as an optional sparring opponent. The character makes a cameo appearance in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, and is mentioned briefly in Kingdom Hearts II. A digital replica of Tidus is a boss character in Kingdom Hearts Coded, and he appears with Auron and Yuna in the board game-based Itadaki Street Special.
In Dissidia Final Fantasy (an action game with several Final Fantasy heroes and villains), Tidus is the hero from Final Fantasy X: a warrior from the goddess, Cosmos, whose father works for the rival god Chaos. Tidus has two uniforms in this game, and his thoughts and actions refer to Final Fantasy X. With the cast, he reappears in the prequel Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy and represents Chaos in the previous war. Tidus is confronted by Yuna and offers his life to save her from an attack by the villain Emperor, but is saved by Jecht to become a warrior of Cosmos. In addition to his previous outfits, Tidus has a design based on an illustration by Square artist Yoshitaka Amano. He appears in the third entry in the series, Dissidia Final Fantasy NT.
Tidus is a playable character in the Theatrhythm Final Fantasy rhythm game. He also appears in World of Final Fantasy, and Fortune Street: Dragon Quest & Final Fantasy 30th Anniversary. Tidus' disappearance between Final Fantasy X and its sequel is also explained in the game Mobius Final Fantasy. Trapped in an underworld-like place known as Palamecia, Tidus joins forces with a warrior known as Wol. The two join on a quest to become fully Warrior of Light though Tidus uses as a distraction since he does not care about his own well-being, satisfied with his actions in Spira. After seeing one of Yuna's creatures disappear from Palamecia, Tidus decides to search for a way to return to Spira. Following more battles, Tidus finds a crystal which allows him to be teleported back to the world. His latest appearance is in the mobile phone game Final Fantasy Explorers-Force
Reception
Critical
"Unlike many Final Fantasy protagonists, Tidus apparently isn't a shy, stoic youth, but rather an outgoing, cheerful person. You might not take a liking to him right off the bat--he's a jock and can be a bit arrogant--but in time, you'll find him to be suitably endearing and to have the same kind of surprising depth that's characterized past Final Fantasy heroes."
— GameSpot
Tidus had a positive reception in video-game publications. Raymon Padilla of GameSpy called him a "garishly dressed Leonardo DiCaprio", whose flaws make him appealing. Several critics often praised Tidus for his cheerful personality contrasting previous brooding leads. According to GameSpot reviewer Greg Kasavin, players might not initially like the character but would eventually find him "suitably endearing". Kasavin wrote that Tidus had the "surprising depth" characteristic of past Final Fantasy protagonists. Atlus character designer Kazuma Kaneko called him "a dashing lead character".
Tidus' revelation of his true nature as a being created by the Fayth and apparent death confused critics though gave a sad impression. His gradual care for his abusive father was appreciated. 1UP found him the worst-dressed video-game character, while Logo TV noted Tidus' sex appeal as a reason for his popularity.
In the English-language version, IGN said that the character "has a tendency to speak a little too high and fast when he gets excited". This led to several negative responses. On the other hand, PSXextreme liked Taylor's work in voicing Tidus. In a Final Fantasy X scene, Yuna tells Tidus to laugh (to cheer him up) and Tidus forces a laugh. Although fans criticised the laughter as too forced, Taylor stated that it was an intentionally "awkward, goofy, dumb laugh."
The relationship between Tidus and Yuna was listed as one of the video-game "great loves" by GameSpot, and is often cited as one of the best romances in gaming too. Gamasutra's Leigh Alexander, calling Tidus a "forgettable hero", nevertheless praised his and Yuna's relationship. In 2001, Tidus and Yuna won Game Informer's Best Couple of the Year award. Their kiss also gathered attention. Yuna's English voice actress, Hedy Burress, said that Tidus' interaction with Yuna gave her a humanized, "womanly aspect". The 1UP.com staff described Tidus as the "good kind of jock" because of his support for the game's other protagonists, but his anger and growth kept him from being a "stereotypical boy scout". According to Eurogamer's Tom Brawell, Tidus and the other characters "make much more dignified and believable decisions than those made by their predecessors in other Final Fantasy games".
Analysis
In the book, Dungeons, Dragons, and Digital Denizens: The Digital Role-Playing Game, authors Gerald A. Voorhees and Joshua Call compared Tidus with Final Fantasy VII protagonist Cloud Strife in appearance and weapon; however, they found Tidus more realistic than Cloud. In Console video games and global corporations, Mia Consalvo stated that although Tidus was designed from a Western's perspective which contrasted the others' Eastern designs, the game managed to blend their looks and appeal to the audience. In the book Gaming Lives in the Twenty-First Century, the writers recalled that Tidus' characterization differs in the original Japanese release of Final Fantasy X and its English dub; the localized version failed to emulate the original Tidus. In Science Fiction Video Games Neal Roger Tringham describes Final Fantasy X as a game that focuses on melancholy by having Tidus disappear due to him taking down Sin with his town being also taken in the process. While Final Fantasy X often deals with the concept of dead spirits, Joseph Roach notes Tidus' nature of being a "Fayth" does not involve death but instead a memory-like being who stands out among the Fayths for how mature is his portrayal in the narrative. However, while Tidus becomes more heroic in the game to the point he manages to defeat Yu Yevon and end the cycle of death from Spira, he is still haunted by death in the process as a result of the Fayths not being able to mantain his physical form. Through his journeys and relationship with Yuna, Roach notes that Tidus manages to become his own individual especially in Final Fantasy X-2 due to him regaining his body.
Popularity
Tidus' character has also appeared in popularity polls and features in video-game publications. He was Final Fantasy X's second-most-popular character behind Auron in a fan poll in 2001, while he remained at the top twenty years later. Complex listed him as the second-best Final Fantasy character, surpassed only by Cloud. His caring, cheerful personality (contrasting with previous Final Fantasy protagonists) was praised. GameZone ranked Tidus the third-best Final Fantasy character (behind Cloud and Sephiroth, also from Final Fantasy VII), and Heath Hooker called him "a complete mixture of everything cheesy and everything emotional". Tidus was the fourth-most-popular male Final Fantasy character in a 2012 Square Enix poll. In a Famitsu poll, Tidus was voted the 20th-best video-game character in Japan. Christian Nutt of GamesRadar wrote that despite initial issues, Tidus' character development during the game made him more likable; Nutt ranked him the fourth-best Final Fantasy hero. Tidus and Yuna were included in The Inquirer's list of most memorable video-game couples, with Tidus' self-sacrifice and their farewell noted. To commemorate the franchise's 20th anniversary, Square released figurines of Tidus and other Final Fantasy protagonists. In 2020, Tidus was also voted as the seventh best character in the entire Final Fantasy franchise in a Japanese poll by NHK.
According to Square Enix producer Shinji Hashimoto, Tidus cosplay has been popular. The character has also inspired action figures and jewelry. For the first two X games' re-release, Nomura redesigned Tidus based on his older appearance from the audio drama Will. For the franchise's 30th anniversary, Square presented Tidus' new design in a museum. Director Takeo Kujiraoka from Dissidia NT noted that the staff received multiple requests by fans to include Tidus' Will look as an alternative design but Nomura said it was not possible as the company would first need to develop Final Fantasy X-3. For Final Fantasy X's 20th anniversary, several fans also said they wanted a Final Fantasy X-3 to give Tidus and Yuna a proper happy ending. | 511f1092-1bf4-47b9-95fe-242659003bd4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Klem"} | Danish gymnast and swimmer
Harald Robert Severin Klem (21 June 1884 – 24 July 1954) was a Danish gymnast and swimmer who competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games and in the 1908 Summer Olympics.
At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, he was a member of the Danish gymnastics team, which won the silver medal in the team, Swedish system event.
Two years later he was part of the Danish team, which finished fourth in the team competition. He also finished fifth in his heat of 100 metre freestyle, third in his heat of 200 metre breaststroke and with a Danish 4x200 metre freestyle relay team second in his heat and did not advance in all occasions. | 9cce710a-b091-4081-bb55-44beaecf3a2f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk-alkali_syndrome"} | Medical condition
Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), also referred to as calcium-alkali syndrome, is the third most common cause of hypercalcemia. Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by elevated blood calcium levels, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury.
Milk-alkali syndrome can be caused by the excessive intake of calcium and absorbable alkali. Sources of calcium and alkali include dietary supplements taken for the prevention of osteoporosis or hyperparathyroidism and antacids taken for peptic ulcer disease. Common acute symptoms of milk-alkali syndrome include nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, confusion, lethargy, and distaste for milk. If left untreated, milk-alkali syndrome may lead to kidney failure or even death.
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of milk-alkali syndrome can develop after only a few days and up to several months following the initial ingestion of absorbable calcium and alkali. However, the severity of signs and symptoms of milk-alkali syndrome is largely dependent upon the duration and quantity of calcium and alkali ingested.
Acute milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by several biochemical alterations, mainly alkalosis, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and hypercalcemia. In the acute phase of milk-alkali syndrome (Cope syndrome), the first symptoms of toxicity are nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, dizziness, vertigo, apathy, weakness, confusion, irritability, dry mouth, and repulsion to milk. In individuals with chronic milk-alkali syndrome (Burnett syndrome), symptoms may include muscle aches, psychosis, tremor, polyuria (producing large volumes of dilute urine), polydipsia (intense thirst), pruritus (itchy sensation on skin), band keratopathy and abnormal calcifications. These abnormal calcium deposits often collect metastatically in the body, including throughout the periarticular tissue, subcutaneous tissue, central nervous system, liver, kidneys, adrenal, bones, and lungs. If ingestion of calcium and alkali is continued, neurologic symptoms such as memory loss, personality changes, lethargy, stupor, and coma will persistently develop over time, as a result of the extreme hypercalcemia and electrolyte imbalances.
People with milk-alkali syndrome commonly show signs of renal dysfunction, a hallmark symptom of milk-alkali syndrome, at early stages of disease progression. Several lab test results, such as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and elevated creatinine, are illustrative of azotemia and kidney impairment. Histologically, the kidneys of individuals with milk-alkali syndrome have been shown to have "complete glomerulus hyalinization, thickening of the Bowman's capsule, tubular atrophy, vascular changes, and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration."
Other laboratory tests, such as measuring serum bicarbonate, pH, 1,25-OH vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) can show signs of milk-alkali syndrome. Specifically, bicarbonate and pH would be elevated while 1,25-OH vitamin D and PTH would be suppressed.
Causes
Milk-alkali syndrome is caused by ingesting excessive amounts of both calcium (usually in the form of dietary supplements such as calcium carbonate, which is commonly taken to prevent or treat osteoporosis) and absorbable alkali (as are found in antacid drugs).
Presently, consumption of extensively large amounts of calcium carbonate has replaced the over-ingestion of milk products, or milk and bicarbonate, as the most prominent cause of MAS. Excessive consumption of calcium generally means taking in more than 4 to 5 g of calcium carbonate every day. This can be attributed to the greater availability of over-the-counter calcium carbonate supplements to treat osteoporosis and dyspepsia, as well as the growing awareness among consumers of the potential health benefits of calcium intake. Calcium carbonate is also often prescribed to people with chronic kidney disease for the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism and to people receiving prolonged corticosteroid therapy that may lead to bone loss, putting them at a higher risk of calcium over-consumption and developing MAS.
Other drugs reported to be associated with the development of MAS include thiazide diuretics, which causes increased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys and hypovolemia that leads to contraction alkalosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are also drugs associated with MAS because they decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and thus reduce calcium excretion. Taking medications such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, which are absorbable alkali, can also contribute to MAS in those who already consume a large amount of calcium.
Pregnant individuals have an increased risk for developing MAS due to hyperemesis (which can cause hypovolemia) and enhanced gastrointestinal calcium absorption as a result of higher levels of prolactin or placental lactose signaling (resulting in hypercalcemia). Calcium carbonate is also commonly used in pregnant individuals to treat acid reflux, further putting them at risk for overconsumption of calcium and developing MAS.
Mechanism
The mechanism of how milk-alkali syndrome develops from ingesting too much of calcium and absorbable alkali is still unclear. However, it is well known that MAS is usually associated with a triad of symptoms that include hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and acute kidney injury. In general, milk-alkali syndrome starts with excess calcium levels in the body (hypercalcemia), which causes the body's pH to increase (become more alkaline) resulting in metabolic alkalosis and ultimately contributes to a decrease in renal function.
Factors involved in the development of hypercalcemia include excess intestinal absorption of calcium, saturation of the bone's buffering capacity for calcium, decreased renal excretion, and abnormal vitamin D metabolism. Underlying kidney disease is a risk factor for MAS, but even people with healthy kidneys can develop the syndrome.
For a healthy individual, if calcium levels are high, the kidneys will decrease its production of calcitriol (active vitamin D) by reducing the hydroxylation of calcidiol (inactive vitamin D); lower calcitriol levels means a lower rate of calcium absorption in the small intestine, which eventually offsets the elevated calcium levels. However, excessive ingestion of calcium of more than 10-15 g per day has been reported to cause calcium levels too high for renal calcitriol suppression to control, resulting in net calcium absorption that ultimately causes hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia affects the kidneys in multiple ways that altogether contributes to hypovolemia. Prolonged hypercalcemia can decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via vasoconstriction, reduce creatinine clearance, and eventually cause renal insufficiency. Hypercalcemia also causes natriuresis by blocking the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) in the medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading increased sodium excretion followed by water excretion that leads to hypovolemia. Additionally, hypercalcemia can decrease the reabsorption of water in the kidney's collecting ducts by suppressing antidiuretic hormone (ADH) receptors, contributing to more hypovolemia. Hypercalcemia also results in lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels via a negative feedback loop, in which calcium-sensing receptors in the PTH gland are activated by the elevated calcium levels to inhibit PTH production, thus decreasing renal reabsorption of calcium.
Hypovolemia then leads to metabolic alkalosis (increase in blood pH) by stimulating bicarbonate reabsorption in order to maintain extracellular volume. In summary, the symptoms of alkalosis is the net result of over-consumption of absorbable alkali, hypercalcemia-induced hypovolemia, and impaired glomerular filtration rate. Alkalosis, in turn, increases calcium-reabsorption from the distal tubules of the nephron, thus exacerbating the hypercalcemia and hypovolemia.
Altogether, these result in a cycle of hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and renal injury characteristic of MAS.
Diagnosis
Prior to an official diagnosis of milk-alkali syndrome, other causes of hypercalcemia must be ruled out. Other causes of hypercalcemia can include elevated vitamin D levels, hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism.
Physical Examination:
Symptoms such as vertigo, confusion, apathy, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, tremors, psychosis, myalgia, polyuria, abnormal calcifications such as renal calcifications, and pruitus could be observed in people.
Lab work:
Lab work must be done to diagnose milk-alkali syndrome. Lab workup includes serum calcium levels, parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, and vitamin D levels. Primary hyperparathyroidism has to be excluded. Diagnosis is made by looking at past medical history and laboratory studies.[citation needed]
Electrocardiograms (ECG):
An ECG can also be used to diagnose MAS. The following findings related to hypercalcemia could appear on an ECG:
Radiology:
Chest x-rays can help exclude any malignancy or sarcoidosis when evaluating for hypercalcemia.
Prevention
Increasing education in both people and clinicians surrounding milk-alkali syndrome can help prevent the disease. Over recent years, people have become more aware of the benefits of calcium and how to access it, leading to a consequential rise in cases of milk-alkali syndrome. It is crucial that people are educated by their healthcare provider(s) about how hypercalcemia can develop and the hallmark symptoms to monitor for. Often unknown to the person, calcium can come from many different dietary sources in addition to self- or prescribed-supplementation. Unfortunately, this can lead to the intake of amounts of calcium that exceeds recommended doses, causing harmful effects. Particularly in persons with any degree of renal disease, supplementation of calcium can more easily result in deadly hypercalcemia and alkalosis. Generally, the daily intake of less than 2 grams of calcium is considered to be safe. Prior to starting any calcium supplementation, it is recommended to discuss the individualized calcium requirements of the person. If a person begins a calcium supplementation regimen, they should be educated on the common signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia and milk-alkali syndrome, as well as how to reverse the syndrome by discontinuing the offending agent and seeking medical attention.
Treatment
For mild cases of MAS, the only intervention needed is to withdraw the offending agent. By having the person stop taking any calcium supplements and any other alkali agents they have been taking rapidly corrects hypercalcemia and alkalosis in MAS.
In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to manage this syndrome. Withholding calcium and initiating IV fluids such as saline to correct hypovolemia. The initial rate of infusion is generally around 200-300 mL/h in people not experiencing edema then it is adjusted to maintain urine output of 100 - 150 mL/h. However, the rate is variable depending on the individual's age, renal status, comorbidities, and the severity of hypercalcemia.
Furosemide can be used to treat hypercalcemia as it induces caliuresis (excreting calcium in the urine). Standard practice of adequate rehydration and electrolyte monitoring should be used to avoid alkalosis and renal insufficiency.
If kidney failure is advanced then treatment for that is required, namely chronic dialysis.
Calcimimetic agents may be necessary, e.g. Cinacalcet.[citation needed]
Outcomes
In mild cases of milk-alkali syndrome, full recovery is expected and reduction to renal function is reversible. However, in severe cases that are chronic, permanent kidney failure or death may result. Long term consumption of large amounts of calcium supplementation associated with milk-alkali syndrome has also been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. It was found that over supplementation of calcium can lead to an increased risk for myocardial infarction and vascular calcification.
Epidemiology
In the early years after the discovery of milk-alkali syndrome, the prevalence of the disease among people treated with Sippy's treatment varied from 2% to 18%. The wide range was attributed to the differing amounts of alkali absorbed among people. In the 1900s, the mortality rate of people with milk-alkali syndrome was found to be 4.4%.
The use of milk and alkali to treat gastric ulcers greatly contributed to the development of milk-alkali syndrome in people but the incidence of milk-alkali syndrome greatly diminished when the true cause of most gastric ulcers was identified and drugs other than antacids were developed to treat heartburn, such as acid-reducing drugs like H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. These new drugs replaced Sippy's diet treatment for peptic ulcers. However, the incidence of milk-alkali syndrome has increased again since the 1990s due to increased osteoporosis awareness and the preventative routine use of calcium supplements. The consumption of calcium supplementation in today's society, mostly to prevent osteoporosis, has aided in the resurgence of milk-alkali syndrome and has sparked conversation about changing the name of milk-alkali syndrome to calcium alkali syndrome as it more accurately reflects the cause of this syndrome. Currently, milk-alkali syndrome is the third most common cause of people hospitalized with high blood calcium, after hyperparathyroidism and cancer.
In regards to populations at risk, there has been a shift in the condition's demographic over time. Previously, milk-alkali syndrome was predominantly seen amongst males with ulcers. As new treatments for peptic ulcers arose, there was change in the causation of hypercalcemia. Presently, individuals who are at a higher risk of developing milk-alkali syndrome are pregnant or postmenopausal individuals and the elderly.
History
Milk-alkali syndrome is an illness that is characterized by hypercalcaemia, kidney damage, and metabolic alkalosis. This syndrome was discovered in the early 1900s when people began experiencing adverse effects from Bertrand Sippy's gastric ulcer treatment consisting of milk and alkali. Sippy prescribed patients with ulcers milk and alkali, on the theory that ulcers were caused by excessive gastric acid. Further research by Cuthbert Cope and Charles H. Burnett revealed varying degrees of milk-alkali syndrome. Cope identified an acute phase which was named Cope's Syndrome while Burnett described a more severe chronic form which was named Burnett's Syndrome. However, both the acute and chronic form of this illness involve renal impairment which is a key contributor to the hypercalcemia seen in people with MAS. Cope and Burnett believe that the kidney damage caused by ingesting high amounts of calcium and alkali occurs first which subsequently makes removal of calcium from the body difficult. | b2fdc92c-47ce-401a-9930-a9b5cb483212 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_Act"} | Broadcasting Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in Canada, Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom that relates to broadcasting. The Bill for an Act with this short title will usually have been known as a Broadcasting Bill during its passage through Parliament.
Broadcasting Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation which relates to broadcasting.
List
Canada
Hong Kong
Malaysia
Republic of Ireland
Singapore
United Kingdom | b1c8ed0a-5bfd-4599-b6da-b38be059371c |
null | Australian rules footballer and coach
Australian rules footballer
Geoff Bryant (born 22 July 1946 in Richmond, Victoria) is a former Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1969 and 1971 for the North Melbourne Football Club.
Bryant commenced his junior football with VFA club Box Hill, playing in the club's 4ths (Under 17s) team in 1960, thereafter progressing quickly through the club's junior ranks. In 1964, he won the Gomez Medal as the best and fairest in the VFA second division Thirds, and he made his senior debut for the club at the age of 17 in the same year.
Bryant quickly established himself as one of the premier players in the VFA second division, initially as a half-forward but later as a centreman with outstanding foot skills and stamina. In 1968 he won Box Hill's best and fairest and finished runner-up in the J Field Medal, awarded to the best player in the VFA second division. At the end of the 1968 season Bryant was one of the few non-VFL players selected in the second touring party for Australian Football World Tour organised by Harry Beitzel, more commonly known as "The Galahs".
Following the 1968 season, he was signed by the North Melbourne Football Club in a highly controversial transfer. A transfer fee of $2,000 was set for Bryant's clearance under a rule which the VFA had introduced in 1967, but VFL clubs were forbidden from paying any sort of transfer fee under the VFL's player payment rules – which had been the source of open dispute between the competitions over the previous two years. The VFA formally approved Bryant's clearance, and it initially appeared that it had done so without the transfer fee being paid; but VFA secretary Fred Hill then reported to the press that North Melbourne had indeed secretly paid the transfer fee in defiance of the VFL's rules. Box Hill president Reg Shineberg claimed likewise, and reported to have received the fee clandestinely – in cash, under cover of darkness, and from a man he did not know. North Melbourne was required to face the VFL arbitrators over the affair, but charges against the club were dropped when Hill did not provide any written corroborating evidence; so whether or not the illegal transfer fee was actually paid was never proven.
Bryant played between 1969 and 1971 for North Melbourne mainly as a wingman for a total of 45 games and 16 goals. He transferred back to Box Hill prior to the commencement of the 1972 season, supposedly due to a disagreement with North Melbourne's coach Brian Dixon.
Bryant played a further five seasons with Box Hill from 1972 to 1976 and during that period was regarded as one of the very best players in the VFA. He won the J Field Medal in both 1973 and 1975 and his 2nd and 3rd best and fairest awards for Box Hill in the same years. His feat in winning the J Field Medal in 1973 was regarding as an outstanding one; it was achieved for a team that failed to win a game for the entire season. At the end of the season he was described as "unquestionably the champion player in the VFA – first and second division". He was captain of Box Hill from 1974 to 1976 and was also coach in 1975.
Bryant's final tally for Box Hill was 147 senior games and 195 goals. Shortly before his retirement in 1976 he was widely acknowledged for passing the rare milestone of 150 senior games of VFA football. The discrepancy is due to the practice at the time of including matches played in the end-of-season VFA "Lightning Premiership" in a player's overall games tally, which are no longer recognised as official VFA matches. Bryant played 11 in Lightning Premiership matches for Box Hill in addition to his matches for Premiership points. He also represented the VFA on two occasions.
Ironically for such a decorated player, Bryant generally was a member of teams that struggled and he never played in a finals match with either Box Hill or North Melbourne. In 2000 he was named as centreman of Box Hill's official "Greatest Ever Team". In 2022 he was one of the inaugural inductees into the Box Hill Hawks Football Club Hall of Fame. | ea26d342-245c-4ceb-b6fe-a8b9c1072e37 |
null | English cricketer
William Gladstone Pinner (26 September 1877 – 6 July 1944) was an English cricketer. Pinner's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Wednesbury, Staffordshire.
Pinner made his debut for Northamptonshire in the 1900 Minor Counties Championship against the Surrey Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Northamptonshire from 1900 to 1904, making thirteen appearances in what was a competitive and successful Northamptonshire side. Northamptonshire were granted first-class status for the 1905 season and were admitted to the County Championship. Pinner later made a single first-class appearance for the county against Lancashire in the 1908 County Championship. In this match, he scored 2 not out in Northamptonshire's first-innings, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 24 by Harry Dean.
He died at the town of his birth on 6 July 1944. | 29c7b8cd-0e82-461a-98ce-2bb801260bac |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Strong_(Vermont_politician)"} | American militia officer and politician
Samuel Strong (July 17, 1762 - December 5, 1832) was an American businessman, farmer, militia officer, and politician from Vermont. He attained the rank of major general, and was most notable for his leadership of a contingent of Vermont militia soldiers during the War of 1812's Battle of Plattsburgh.
Early life
Samuel Strong was born in Salisbury, Connecticut on July 17, 1762, the son of John Strong (1738-1816) and Agnes (McCure) Strong (1740-1829). His parents moved to Addison, Vermont in 1766, and were among the town's first white settlers. Samuel Strong was raised and educated in Addison and became a farmer. In 1787, he was elected Sheriff of Addison County, and he served a two-year term.
Move to Vergennes
In 1793, Strong moved to Vergennes, where he farmed and became involved in several business ventures. Strong's enterprises included timberlands, a sawmill, and a wool carding factory, where he was among the first in New England to make use of mechanical carding machines rather than disentangling, cleaning, and intermixing fibers by hand.
In addition to his farming and business interests, Strong was active in local politics and government. He was elected to the board of aldermen soon after his move to Vergennes. He represented Vergennes in the Vermont House of Representatives in 1804 and 1805. From 1805 to 1807 and 1813 to 1815 he served as assistant judge of the Addison County Court. From 1811 to 1815 he served as mayor of Vergennes.
Military career
Strong was a longtime member of the Vermont Militia, and advanced through the ranks to earn promotion to brigadier general as commander of 1st Brigade, 3rd Division in 1797. He was promoted to major general in 1804 and appointed as commander of the 3rd Division. He served in this position until 1810, when he resigned.
In the summer of 1814, Strong received word that volunteers were needed to counter the advance of the British Army near Plattsburgh, New York. Strong immediately traveled to Burlington, Vermont, where he was unanimously chosen to take the command of the Vermonters who had volunteered. During the September Battle of Plattsburgh, Strong's militia contingent took part in the successful American defense, which caused the British to retreat to Canada. After the battle, Strong was commended by Governor Martin Chittenden and the Vermont General Assembly.
Strong was the 1816 Federalist nominee for governor, and lost to Jonas Galusha. In 1818, the New York State Legislature presented Strong a commemorative sword as a token of their appreciation for his War of 1812 service.
Later life
In 1816, Strong traveled to Georgia in search of a warmer climate that would enable him to regain his health, which had been impaired as the result of wartime service. He remained for only a few months before deciding to return to Vergennes. Strong remained active in several business ventures, including a Lake Champlain ferry from Ferrisburgh, Vermont to Essex, New York. He also constructed and managed a turnpike from Middlebury to Vergennes, and from Vergennes to Adams Ferry in Panton, Vermont. In 1827, he was one of the original incorporators of the Vergennes Bank, He was selected as the bank's first president, and served in this position until his death.
Strong died in Vergennes on December 5, 1832. He was buried at Vergennes Burying Ground in Vergennes. His home, the Gen. Samuel Strong House, still stands in Vergennes and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Family
In 1787, Strong married Mercy Bloomer (1763-1852) of Dorset, Vermont. They were the parents of five children who lived to adulthood.
Strong's siblings included attorney Moses Strong (1772-1842), who was the father of Wisconsin politician Moses M. Strong. | 6811d780-b8e6-43ab-92d6-8eb565fa4502 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_Burnin%27_with_the_Chet_Baker_Quintet"} | 1967 studio album by Chet Baker
Cool Burnin' with the Chet Baker Quintet is an album by trumpeter Chet Baker which was recorded in 1965 and released on the Prestige label.
Reception
Allmusic rated the album with 3 stars.
Track listing
All compositions by Richard Carpenter and Gladys Bruce except where noted.
Personnel | c8aea3f9-6a6f-434b-9f44-950e2d6e232e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_Your_Life_(Anna_Tsuchiya_song)"} | 2006 single by Anna Tsuchiya
"Change Your Life" is the debut single by Japanese singer Anna Tsuchiya, released on 25 January 2006, under the Mad Pray Records label, a subsidiary of Avex. It spent five weeks in the Oricon Style singles chart, reaching number 35 on 2 February 2006. The lyrics were written by Tsuchiya, with the music by Suzanne Standfast, Patrick Standfast and Joa Heimer.
Track listing
All lyrics are written by ANNA (Anna Tsuchiya). | c39c5043-9004-4d9b-bc59-6199f4405740 |
null | Eila may refer to any of these:
Topics referred to by the same term | d311e7ea-f364-4b83-a328-d7c2535e177a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Please_(Caroline%27s_Spine_album)"} | 1999 studio album by Caroline's Spine
Attention Please is the sixth studio album and second major label album by American alternative rock band Caroline's Spine. It was their first album of all new material since the band formed. The songs "Attention Please" and "Nothing to Prove" which both charted on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart at #30 and #23, respectively. Despite the album's success, it was not well promoted by the label and led the band to return to producing their albums independently for future releases. This album also featured a remix of the track "Turned Blue" which was featured on the An American Werewolf in Paris film soundtrack.
Track listing
All songs written by Jimmy Newquist.
Band lineup | 7191643c-fd59-4bd8-a90d-ab469f17e7ba |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naegi_Castle"} | Naegi Castle (苗木城, Naegi-jō) was a Japanese castle that formed the administrative center of Naegi Domain, a feudal domain of the Tōyama clan, located in what is now part of the city of Nakatsugawa in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It also referred to as the Misty Castle (霞ケ城, Kasumi-ga-jō), Naegi Castle was also known as "Akakabe Castle", as its walls were not white like many Japanese castles, but made with a reddish colored clay. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1981.
History
The Tōyama clan were rulers of southeastern Mino Province since at least the Kamakura period. Naegi Castle was constructed in 1532 by Tōyama Naokado, the second son of Tōyama Kagetomo, the lord of Iwamura Castle and husband of Oda Nobunaga’s sister, Otsuya no Kata. His daughter was adopted by Nobunaga, and married to Takeda Katsuyori in an effort to stave off Takeda designs on Mino. After Iwamura Castle fell to the Takeda, Nobunaga considered Naegi Castle to be the most important defense against the Takeda clan.
However, following the assassination of Nobunaga in 1583 at the Honnō-ji Incident, the castle fell into the hands of Mori Nagayoshi, one of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's generals. The Mori assigned Kawajiri Hidenaga as castellan and the Tōyama clan fled to Hamamatsu, where they went into the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu.[citation needed]
At the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Kawajiri sided with the pro-Toyotomi Western Army under Ishida Mitsunari, and was killed in battle. Ieyasu sent Tōyama Tomomasa, the son of its former castellan to retake Naegi Castle. Afterwards, he was confirmed as a daimyō over his clan's ancestral holdings, which marked the start of Naegi Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The Tōyama clan remained at the castle through 12 generations until the Meiji Restoration.
Naegi Castle was abandoned and dismantled in 1871, with its furnishing and most of the buildings’ timbers being auctioned off to help pay off the domain's massive debt. Today, a restoration of the main keep strut-work now serves as a lookout over Nakatsugawa and the Kiso River. There is a museum below the castle site with a diorama showing what the castle looked like before its destruction.[citation needed]
Description
Naegi Castle occupies a very unusual layout on a bluff called "Mount Takamori" (432 meters) overlooking the Kiso River and the Nakasendō highway. This was a very strategic location, as it controlled both land and river routes between Owari Province and Mino Province.[citation needed]
The castle's layout utilizes the Kiso River as a natural moat to one side. The main gate of the castle was located at the foot of the mountain on the right bank of the Kiso River, and a steep road led to the top of the mountain with 48 sharp turns. The top of the hill was stripped of vegetation and soil; however the exposed massive boulders were left intact and were incorporated into the defensive walls. On top of the hill, an elaborate framework of timber formed a platform, on which the tenshu was constructed. The tenshu itself was nine meters wide by eleven meters long, and stood three floors high. The summit was surrounded by the Ni-no-maru enclosure in a spiral shape, with the palace located slightly lower on the mountain on the west side. Some of the outer stone walls of the castle were renovated in the Edo period, but the walls in the southwestern portion of the main bailey date from the Sengoku period.
The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017. The castle site is located about 17 minutes by car from Nakatsugawa Station on the JR East Chūō Main Line.
Gallery
Literature
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Uwajima Castle. | 9b3ea1fc-8293-4204-871c-3b7cf77bd0e8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpurocardia_purpurata"} | Species of bivalve
Purpurocardia purpurata is a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Carditidae. Its genus was long included in Venericardia, but is increasingly treated as distinct. | bb08504a-c7eb-4bc1-a7e1-c2549b5366a5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_km_Brands_Hatch"} | The Brands Hatch 1000 km was an endurance sports car event that was part of the World Sportscar Championship for varying years from 1967 until 1989. Originally a six-hour race running under the name BOAC 500, the event was eventually extended to 1000 kilometres under a number of different sponsorship titles.
History
In 1966, a non-championship sports car race was held at Brands Hatch for a distance of 500 miles, with drivers David Piper and Bob Bondurant easily taking victory in an AC Cobra. With the success of this initial event, the World Sportscar Championship would add Brands Hatch to their calendar, while the British Sports Car Championship replaced their Guards Trophy event. However, unlike the initial race's set distance of 500 miles, the new event would be run for six hours. Even with a timed race, BOAC stepped in as the primary sponsor and chose to retain the 500 mile distance in the name, earning the popular title BOAC 500.
The 1968 race took place on 7 April, a date which will be remembered as that on which Jim Clark, originally expected to take part in the race, instead took part in a Formula 2 race at the Hockenheimring in Germany where he crashed and was killed.
As the speeds of competitors improved during the early years, the drivers would actually set distances beyond even 600 miles. It was therefore decided in 1970 that the event would be extended to a set distance of 1000 kilometres, which was the distance used by five other events in the World Sportscar Championship's calendar. The race, now retitled the BOAC 1000, would continue in this form until it was temporarily dropped from the series in 1973. It would once again be part of the schedule in 1974, but this time with British Airways replacing BOAC as sponsor. The race would however not return again in 1975 and would go on a three-year hiatus.
Following some reconstruction of Brands Hatch in 1976, the World Championship of Makes (split from the World Sportscar Championship) would return to the track in 1977 with a six-hour timed race replacing the 1000 kilometre set distance. The event would skip one more year in 1978, before returning permanently in 1979. The six-hour requirement was abandoned once again in 1981 as the event returned to its familiar 1000 kilometre format, which would continue until 1988. For the final appearance of Brands Hatch on the World Sportscar Championship calendar in 1989, the race would be shortened to 480 kilometres, as would nearly every race that season.
Winners | 21e6f0e7-7cc6-4159-a119-3d96facd404f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquis_des_Gli%C3%A8res"} | The Maquis des Glières was a Free French Resistance group, which fought against the 1940–1944 German occupation of France in World War II. The name is also given to the military conflict that opposed Resistance fighters to German, Vichy and Milice forces.
Resistance
At the end of 1943, the French Resistance in the French Alps of Haute-Savoie needed arms. To find good drop zones to supply the Maquis with arms and sabotage equipment, a mission composed of Richard Harry Heslop from the Special Operations Executive and Captain Rosenthal from the Free French Forces was sent from London. The Glières Plateau, a high remote mountain table close to Lake Annecy, was chosen.
On 31 January 1944, Lieutenant Tom Morel, a Chasseur alpin from the 27th chasseurs alpins battalion (mountain light infantry) in Annecy, was commissioned to collect parachute drops from the Royal Air Force (RAF) with 100 men. Captain Rosenthal, the Free French representative, convinced the other staff members to regroup the majority of maquisards on the Glières Plateau, to establish a base to attack the Germans and carry out sabotage. Because the Allies doubted the value of the French Resistance, the French considered it a political necessity to show they were capable of undermining German military power in France.
Repression
In January 1944, a state of siege was declared in Haute-Savoie. Anyone found carrying arms or assisting the Maquis was subject to immediate court martial and execution. Hunted by the Vichy police and badly supplied, most of the maquisards gathered on the Glières Plateau to set up their base of operations. Soon after, 100 French communist resistants and about 50 Spanish lumberjacks joined forces with them in taking refuge and getting weapons. From 13 February, the 450 maquisards, under the command of officers from the 27e bataillon de chasseurs alpins, were besieged by 2,000 French militia and police. Although they suffered from starvation and freezing conditions, they collected three parachute drops consisting of about 300 containers packed with explosives and small arms, including Sten sub-machine guns, Lee–Enfield rifles, Bren light machine guns and Mills bombs (hand grenades).
On the night of 9/10 March, the commander-in-chief, Lt. Tom Morel was killed in a skirmish with the Vichy forces. On 12 March, after the largest Allied parachute drop, the Germans started to bomb the area with ground attack aircraft. The Milice (French paramilitary police) staged several attacks which failed. On 23 March, three battalions from the German 157th Reserve Division and two Order Police battalions, composed of more than 4,000 men, with heavy machine guns, 80 mm mortars, 75 mm mountain guns, 150 mm howitzers and armoured cars, concentrated in Haute-Savoie.
Retreat
On 26 March 1944, after another air raid and shelling, the Germans took the offensive. They split their attacking parties into three groups (Kampfgruppen) with an objective for each group. Reconnaissance was carried out by ski patrols dressed in white camouflage. One of the patrols from a Gebirgsjäger (mountain troops) platoon, made an attack on the main exit from the plateau and captured an advanced post in the rear. Sustaining the attack from about fifty German soldiers, eighteen maquisards fought and resisted into the night but were outnumbered and overwhelmed, though most of them escaped under cover of darkness. Captain Anjot ordered the Glières battalion to retreat. In the days that followed, he and almost all his officers, as well as 120 maquisards, were found dead. They had been killed in battle or, if taken prisoner, had been tortured, shot or deported. The Germans considered the maquisards terrorists.
The region of Savoie had suffered badly, but the defeat was turned into a propaganda victory and gave a boost to the French Resistance in the spring of 1944. | 7dca7741-1b10-466d-a9c9-4402f6c79870 |
null | American academic
Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN (born 1938), is Professor Emeritus of Nursing and Professor Emeritus of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Milio's career was given its foundation during her high school years in Denby High School, Detroit, Michigan. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree (B.S., Nursing, 1960) and master's degree (M.A., Sociology, 1965) at Wayne State University, Detroit, and her PhD at Yale University (dissertation title: The Career of an Innovative Project: A Study of Inter-organizational Strategies and Decision-Making Among Health Organizations).
She is a leader in public health policy and education, who originated the notion of healthy public policy which addresses the effects of all areas of public policy on health and has been adopted internationally, including by the World Health Organization. | 6a313488-ccb0-469d-84a3-db49479463a8 |
null | Juan Tusquets Terrats (March 31, 1901 – 1998) was a Catalan priest, author of the best selling book Orígenes de la revolución española. Turned into a fierce antisemite and even fiercer antimasonic hate speaker during the Spanish Second Republic, he became one of the main disseminators of the "contubernio judeomasónico" conspiracy theory in that period.
Life and opinions
He was born into a wealthy banking family in Barcelona. His father was a descendant of Jewish bankers, a Catalan nationalist, and a friend of Francesc Cambó.
Tusquets was ordained in 1926 and noted for his piety and culture. As a teacher in the seminary of Barcelona he was commissioned to write a book on Madame Blavatsky's theosophism. He developed 'an obsessive interest in secret societies'. By the time of the Spanish Second Republic his obsession had developed into a fierce anti-semitism and an even greater hatred of Freemasonry. He turned against Catalanism and falsely accused the Catalan leader Francesc Macia of being a Freemason. Working with another priest, Joaquim Guiu Bonastre, he built up a network of "informants" - Freemasons who told him about lodge meetings. He contributed articles to the Carlist newspaper El Correo Catalán.
Tusquets used The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - which drew on French, German and Russian myths in a fantastical concoction that put forward the idea that a secret Jewish government, the Elders of Zion, was plotting the destruction of Christianity - as 'documentary' evidence for his essential thesis that the Jews were set on the destruction of Christian civilization. Their instruments would be Freemasons and Communists who would use revolution, and pornographic propaganda, and unlimited liberalism. In Spain he denounced the Second Republic and accused the Catholic president Niceto Alcalá-Zamora of being a Communist, a Jew and a Freemason. Spain and the Catholic Church could be saved only through the destruction of Jews, Freemasons and Communists. In his book Origenes he argued that Judaic masonry (la masoneria judaica) ran the Republic as a dictatorship and he further used the many articles he wrote for El Correo Catalan and a series of 14 books las Sectas to attack Freemasonry, Communism and Judaism. The second volume of las Sectas included a complete translation of The Protocols and a section asserting the Jewish assault on Spain could be seen in the Republic's attitude to religion, the movement for agrarian reform and the redistribution of the great estates.
In 1933, Tusquets was invited by the international Anti-masonic Association to visit a newly established concentration camp - Dachau concentration camp. He commented they did it to show what we had to do in Spain. He claimed later to have been shocked by what he saw - 'at the time however the flow and intensity of his anti-Semitic and anti-Masonic publications did not abate.'
Tusquets would come to have influence within the Spanish Right - and specifically over Franco - who enthusiastically devoured his anti-Semitic and anti-Masonic diatribes. Ramón Serrano Suñer, Franco's brother-in-law and right-hand man 1937-41 would later praise Tusquet's contribution to "the creation of the atmosphere which led to the national uprising". Tusquets was on the periphery of the military plot against the Republic further through his links with Catalan Carlists. When Tusquets finally became a collaborator of Franco in Burgos during the Civil War, his files on alleged Freemasons would provide an important part of the organisational infrastructure of the repression.
Books | b19bf068-9a1d-4692-ac83-c4c1f0f41b93 |
null | Medical condition
Intestinal varices are dilated submucosal veins in the intestine.[citation needed]One treatment includes a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. | 5260ff1a-4168-425c-b263-6ecceceb5a56 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho_Nam-suk"} | South Korean judoka
Cho Nam-suk (born August 13, 1981) is a male South Korean judoka.
At the 2005 World Judo Championships in Cairo he won a bronze medal in the extra lightweight competition.
He won a gold medal at the -60 kg category of the 2005 Asian Judo Championships in Tashkent. | d3b7d966-47c0-4987-82c6-40b71a4984fe |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlox_carolina"} | Species of flowering plant
Phlox carolina, the thickleaf phlox, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) tall by 45 cm (18 in) wide, with leaves to 13 cm (5 in) long, and purple or pink flowers in summer. The specific epithet carolina refers to its native habitat in the eastern United States. It grows in woodland edges and openings. Flowers attract bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies.
It is the parent of numerous garden cultivars, of which 'Bill Baker' (pink) and 'Miss Lingard' (pure white) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. | 31b47f75-7544-4d48-ac8a-240e6222aac9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDRC-FM"} | Radio station in Hartford, Connecticut
WDRC-FM (102.9 FM) is a radio station with a classic rock format licensed to Hartford, Connecticut. The station began broadcasting in 1959 and was the first commercial FM station in the Hartford radio market.[citation needed] The station is owned by John Fuller's Red Wolf Broadcasting Corporation, with studios located on Blue Hills Avenue (Connecticut Route 187) in Bloomfield, Connecticut, with other radio stations and a transmitter site in Meriden, Connecticut.
History
WDRC-FM traces its roots to the Doolittle Radio Company, which established what would become WDRC (AM) in 1922. In 1941, Doolittle upgraded an experimental FM station to a commercial license and used the call letters WDRC-FM. Doolittle sold the FM station in 1956 to General Broadcasting Corporation and the AM station in 1959 to Buckley Broadcasting. Buckley inherited a second FM license, which it used to establish the current WDRC-FM. The original WDRC-FM is now WHCN.
The current WDRC-FM was issued a program test authority by the FCC on October 26, 1959. It officially signed on at 8:15 p.m. that same day. On August 31, 1966, WDRC-FM increased power from 7,000 to 17,500 watts, then to 50,000 watts the following May. It began broadcasting in stereo in September 1969. In 1973, the station began calling itself "Big D 103," and employed a Top 40 format. In 1977, the station flipped to album rock, with a much deeper playlist than its rivals WCCC (AM), WCCC-FM, and WHCN. However, by 1979, the station leaned Rock/AC, and then abruptly flipped back to Top 40 in early 1980. By 1984, WDRC-FM was an oldies-based adult contemporary station, but only played oldies on the weekends. Due to positive listener feedback, on September 26, 1986, WDRC-FM became an oldies station full-time. At that point, the station focused on hits of 1964 to 1969, with about four songs per hour from the 1955-63 era. The station also played about one song from the early 1970s per hour. The AM station also offered oldies until 1990. Core artists included The Beatles, The Four Seasons, Elvis Presley, Supremes, Everly Brothers, Temptations, The Hollies, The Righteous Brothers, and Dion, among others. The station also had quite high ratings, even being number one at least a few times.
The format continued throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s virtually unchanged. In August 2000, WDRC-FM stopped using the "Big D 103" name and became known as "Oldies 102.9 DRC-FM." The station stopped referring to themselves as "Oldies" a short time later. In 2001, WDRC-FM began playing several songs from the 1970s, adding artists like Billy Joel, Doobie Brothers, Eagles, James Taylor, and others into the mix. The station also began adding about a dozen or so songs from the 1980s by oldies artists, playing about one every couple of hours. It also began decreasing music from the pre-1964 era; eventually, all the pre-1964 oldies were eliminated, and a lot of 1980s music was added to the mix, becoming more of a classic hits station. The station also became heavily based in the 1970s, playing only a few 1960s songs per hour along with about the same amount of 1980s’ hits. To appease traditional oldies fans, WDRC-FM launched an internet radio station playing music from 1955 to 1964.
In the winter of 2007, WDRC-FM slowly phased out most of the 1980s music, cutting that back to about one every couple hours. The station also increased the 1964 to 1969 era, making those songs core hits once again on a gradual basis. The amount of 1970s music was cut back slightly to about 5 per hour. The station even brought back select songs from the 1950s and early 1960s, playing them about once every 90 minutes. By 2008, the station began increasing 1980s songs to about one per hour. Its HD2 station now plays a blend of 1950s’ and 1960s’ oldies focusing on the pre-1964 era.
In the early 2010s, the main station identified itself as "Good Time Rock 'n' Roll", while occasionally using in the "Big D" moniker. Its music playlist once again focused on the 1960s from 1964 on, while also emphasizing 1970s hits and including a few 1980s songs. Jingles were also reintroduced in 2008. In late 2008, the station started adding reverb to the audio chain as well as improving the audio processing, thus improving the overall audio quality of the station.
In 2011, Richard D. Buckley, Jr., president of Buckley Radio since 1972, died. On March 5, 2014, Buckley Broadcasting announced that it would sell its Connecticut radio stations, including WDRC-FM, to Connoisseur Media. The sale was consummated on July 7, 2014, at a price of $7,922,035.
On July 7, 2014, WDRC-FM changed its name to "102.9 DRC", and modified its slogan to "Classic Hits of the 70s, 80s and More." In addition, a majority of the station's airstaff was let go.
On January 20, 2015, at 10:29 a.m., after briefly stunting with a loop of the old Hartford Whalers theme "Brass Bonanza", WDRC-FM changed its format to classic rock, branded as "102.9 The Whale".
On January 15, 2018, it was announced that the station was sold to Red Wolf Broadcasting Corporation. The deal included sister station “Talk of Connecticut” WDRC 1360 Hartford and two of its three simulcasts, WMMW 1470 Meriden and WSNG 610 Torrington, and translator W272DO 102.3 New Haven.
HD Radio
In 2008, WDRC-FM implemented HD Radio technology.
WDRC-HD2
HD2 is known as The Big D, uses old DRC-FM jingles, and plays mostly 1950s to mid-1960s oldies that the main channel does not (though the main channel played a handful of such songs up until its format adjustment in July 2014). It also mixes in a moderate amount of mid-to-late 1960s oldies as well.
WDRC-HD3
HD3 carries AM 1360 WDRC's talk format. | c8330f38-d7ba-4146-b6f7-5607a54520ce |
null | A hyperview in computing is a hypertextual view of the content of a database or set of data on a group of activities. As with a hyperdiagram multiple views are linked to form a hyperview. | 06ce728e-78ec-49cd-9ae6-6a7c1a508368 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_Bag"} | 2010 studio album by Anybody Killa
Medicine Bag is the fifth solo studio album by American rapper Anybody Killa. It was released on October 19, 2010 via Psychopathic Records in three different versions, each featuring two different bonus tracks. Recording sessions took place at the Lotus Pod in Detroit. Production was primarily handled by Brian Kuma, except for several bonus tracks produced by Eric Davie. It features guest appearances from Axe Murder Boyz, Blaze Ya Dead Homie and Insane Clown Posse.
The album peaked at No. 117 on the Billboard 200, No. 18 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, No. 12 on the Top Rap Albums and No. 15 on the Independent Albums in the United States.
Production
Anybody Killa began working on a concept album entitled Possessed, which was later scrapped in favor of this album.
AllMusic's David Jeffries compared the album's musical style to Cypress Hill, Funkdoobiest and Mike E. Clark, stating that on Medicine Bag "ABK reveals himself as one of Psychopathic's more talented artists".
Track listing
All tracks are written by James Lowery and Brian Kuma.
Personnel
Charts | 0ca04aea-dd52-47a3-b3ab-26b7a0032fff |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaker_Oats_Company"} | American food conglomerate
The Quaker Oats Company, known as Quaker, is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago. It has been owned by PepsiCo since 2001.
History
Precursor miller companies
In the 1850s, Ferdinand Schumacher and Robert Stuart founded oat mills. Schumacher founded the German Mills American Oatmeal Company in Akron, Ohio, and Stuart founded the North Star Mills in Hearst, Rupert's Land. In 1870, Schumacher ran his first known cereal advertisement in the Akron Beacon Journal newspaper. In 1877, the Quaker Mill Company of Ravenna, Ohio was founded. "The name was chosen when Quaker Mill partner Henry Seymour found an encyclopedia article on Quakers and decided that the qualities described — integrity, honesty, purity — provided an appropriate identity for the company's oat product." Quaker Mill Company held the trademark on the Quaker name. In Ravenna, Ohio, on 4 September 1877, Henry Seymour of the Quaker Mill Company applied for the first trademark for a breakfast cereal, "a man in 'Quaker garb'".
In 1879, John Stuart and his son Robert joined with George Douglas to form Imperial Mill and set up their operation in Chicago, Illinois. In 1881, Henry Crowell bought the Quaker Mill Company; the following year, he launched a national advertising campaign for Quaker Oats, introducing a cereal box that made it possible to buy in quantities other than bulk. He also bought the bankrupt Quaker Oat Mill Company in Ravenna, and held the key positions of general manager, president and chairman of the company from 1888 until late 1943, becoming known as the cereal tycoon. He donated more than 70% of his wealth to the Crowell Trust.
In 1888, the American Cereal Company was formed by the merger of seven major oat millers. Ferdinand Schumacher became president, Henry Crowell, general manager, and John Stuart the secretary-treasurer. In 1889, the American Cereal Company introduced the half-ounce trial size and, as a promotion, they distributed one to every home in Portland, Oregon via boys on bicycles. Later, this promotion was extended to other cities. A second promotion involved placing dinner plates within the then-regular (not round) boxes of oats.
Quaker Oats Company
In 1901, the Quaker Oats Company was founded in New Jersey with headquarters in Chicago, by the merger of four oat mills: the Quaker Mill Company in Ravenna, Ohio, which held the trademark on the Quaker name; the cereal mill in Cedar Rapids, Iowa owned by John Stuart, his son Robert Stuart, and their partner George Douglas; the German Mills American Oatmeal Company in Akron, Ohio, owned by Schumacher; The Rob Lewis & Co. American Oats and Barley Oatmeal Corporation. Formally known as "Good For Breakfast" instant oatmeal mix. In the same year, the whole merged company was acquired by Henry Parsons Crowell, who also bought the bankrupt Quaker Oat Mill Company, also in Ravenna.
In 1908, Quaker Oats introduced the first in a series of cookie recipes on the box. In 1911, Quaker Oats purchased the Great Western Cereal Company. The iconic cylindrical package made its first appearance in 1915. Later that year, Quaker offered the first cereal box premium to buyers. By sending in one dollar and the cutout picture of the "Quaker Man" customers received a double boiler for the cooking of oatmeal.
In the 1920s, Quaker introduced "Quaker Quick Oats" an early convenience food, and also offered a crystal radio set built in the same cylindrical canister as Quick Oats, with the same label, for [[US$]1 plus two trademarks cut from Quaker Oats packages. In the 1930s, Quaker was one of the many companies using the Dionne Quintuplets for promotional purposes.[citation needed] Quaker Oats in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, was photographed during the 1930s by Theodor Horydczak, who documented the building, operations, and factory workers at the plant.
During World War II, the company, through its subsidiary the Q. O. Ordnance Company, operated the Cornhusker Ordnance Plant (six miles west of Grand Island) as a government-owned, contractor-operated 11,960-acre site. Construction began in March 1942 and production ended on 15 August 1945. It manufactured millions of pieces of various artillery munitions (41 warehouses and 219 magazines of total 280,800 ft² were built).
In 1946, artist Jim Nash was commissioned to produce a head portrait of the Quaker Man, which became the basis for Haddon Sundblom's famous version of 1957. In 1972, John Mills designed the current logo.
From 1946 to 1953, researchers from Quaker Oats, MIT and Harvard University carried out experiments at the Walter E. Fernald State School to determine how the minerals from cereals were metabolized. Parents of mentally challenged children were asked for permission to let their children be members of a Science Club and participate in research. Being a member of the Science Club gave the children special privileges. The parents were told that the children would be fed with a diet high in nutrients. However, they were not told (and the consent form contained no information indicating) that the food their children were fed contained radioactive calcium and iron. The information obtained from the experiments was to be used as part of an advertising campaign. The company was later sued because of the experiments. The lawsuit was settled on 31 December 1997.
In 1968, a plant was built in Danville, Illinois, which now makes Pearl Milling Company pancake mixes, Oat Squares, Life Cereals Quaker Oh's, Bumpers, Quisp, King Vitamin Natural Granola Cereals, and Chewy granola bars, as well as Puffed Rice for use as an ingredient for other products in other plants.
In 1969, Quaker acquired Fisher-Price, a toy company. In the 1970s, the company financed the making of the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, in return obtaining a license to use a number of the product names mentioned in the movie for candy bars. In 1991, Quaker Oats spun off its Fisher-Price division.
In 1982, Quaker Oats purchased US Games, a company that created games for the Atari 2600. It went out of business after one year. That same year, Quaker Oats acquired Florida-based orange juice plant Ardmore Farms, which it would own until selling it to Country Pure Foods in 1998.
In 1983, Quaker bought Stokely-Van Camp, Inc., makers of Van Camp's and Gatorade.
Quaker bought Snapple for $1.7 billion in 1994 and sold it to Triarc in 1997 for $300 million. Triarc sold it to Cadbury Schweppes for $1.45 billion in September 2000. It was spun off in May 2008 to its current owners, Dr Pepper Snapple Group.
In 1996, Quaker spun off its frozen food business, selling it to Aurora Foods (which was bought by Pinnacle Foods in 2004).
In August 2001, PepsiCo acquired Quaker Oats for $14 billion, primarily for its Gatorade brand of soft drink. The merger created the fourth-largest consumer goods company in the world. Though the main prize of PepsiCo was Gatorade non-carbonated sports drink, Quaker's cereal and snack food division complemented the existing Frito-Lay salty-snacks division.
Actor Wilford Brimley appeared in television commercials for Quaker beginning in the late 1980s. In the commercials, he extolled the virtues of oat consumption, typically to a young child, as to introduce the concept of oatmeal consumption as a long tradition.
Major facility
The major Canadian production facility for Quaker Oats is located in Peterborough, Ontario. The factory was first established as the American Cereal Company in 1902 on the shores of the Otonabee River during that city's period of industrialization. At the time, the city was known as "The Electric City" due to its hydropower resources, attracting many companies to the site to take advantage of this source. The Trent–Severn Waterway also promised to provide an alternate shipping route from inland areas around the city, although it appears this was never used in practice. On 11 December 1916, the factory all but completely burned to the ground. When the smoke had settled, 23 people had died and Quaker was left with $2,000,000 in damages. Quaker went on to rebuild the facility, incorporating the few areas of the structure that were not destroyed by fire.
When PepsiCo purchased Quaker Oats in 2001, many brands were consolidated from facilities around Canada to the Peterborough location, which assumed the new QTG (Quaker Tropicana Gatorade) moniker. Local production includes Quaker Oatmeal, Quaker Chewy bars, Cap'n Crunch cereal, Pearl Milling Company instant pancake mixes and pancake syrups, Quaker Oat Bran and Corn Bran cereals, Gatorade sports drinks, and the Propel fitness water sub-brand, Tropicana juices, and various Frito-Lay snack products. Products are easily identified by the manufactured by address on the packaging. The Peterborough facility supplies the majority of Canada and exports limited portions to the United States. The Quaker plant sells cereal production byproducts to companies that use them to create fire logs and pellets.
Land giveaways in cereal boxes
Starting in 1902, the company's oatmeal boxes came with a coupon redeemable for the legal deed to a tiny lot in Milford, Connecticut. The lots, sometimes as small as 10 feet by 10 feet, were carved out of a 15-acre, never-built subdivision called "Liberty Park". A small number of children (or their parents), often residents living near Milford, redeemed their coupons for the free deeds and started paying the extremely small property taxes on the "oatmeal lots". The developer of the prospective subdivision hoped the landowners would hire him to build homes on the lots, although several tracts would need to be combined before building could start. The legal deeds created a large amount of paperwork for town tax collectors, who frequently couldn't find the property owners and received almost no tax revenue from them. In the mid-1970s, the town put an end to the oatmeal lots with a "general foreclosure" condemning nearly all of the property, which is now part of a BiC Corporation plant.
In 1955, Quaker Oats again gave away land as part of a promotion, this one tied to the Sergeant Preston of the Yukon television show in the United States. The company offered in its Puffed Wheat and Puffed Rice cereal boxes genuine deeds to land in the Klondike.
Logo
Sarting in 1877, the Quaker Oats logo had a figure of a Quaker man depicted full-length, sometimes holding a scroll with the word "Pure" written across it, resembling the classic woodcuts of William Penn (founder of the Province of Pennsylvania), the 17th-century philosopher and early Quaker. Quaker Oats advertising dating back to 1909 did, indeed, identify the "Quaker man" as William Penn, and referred to him as "standard bearer of the Quakers and of Quaker Oats."
In 1946, graphic designer Jim Nash created a black-and-white head-and-shoulders portrait of the smiling Quaker Man, and Haddon Sundblom's now-familiar color head-and-shoulders portrait (using fellow Coca-Cola artist Harold W. McCauley as the model) debuted in 1957. The monochromatic 1969 Quaker Oats Company logo, modeled after the Sundblom illustration, was created by Saul Bass, a graphic designer known for his motion picture title sequences and corporate logos. In 2012, the company enlisted the firm of Hornall Anderson to give the "Quaker man" a slimmer, somewhat younger look. The man is now sometimes referred to as "Larry" by insiders at Quaker Oats. And in 1965, a new advertising slogan was introduced: "Nothing is better for thee, than me".
The company states that their current "Quaker man" logo "does not represent an actual person. His image is that of a man dressed in Quaker garb, including a Quaker hat, chosen because the Quaker faith projected the values of honesty, integrity, purity and strength."
The company has never had any ties with the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). When the company was being built up, Quaker businessmen were known for their honesty (truth is often considered a Quaker testimony). The Straight Dope writes "According to the good folks at Quaker Oats, the Quaker Man was America's first registered trademark for a breakfast cereal, his registration taking place on September 4th, 1877."
Members of the Religious Society of Friends have occasionally expressed frustration at being confused with the Quaker Oats representation. In recent years, Friends have twice protested the Quaker name being used for advertising campaigns seen as promoting violence. In 1990, some Quakers started a letter-writing campaign after a Quaker Oats advertisement depicted Popeye as a "Quakerman" who used violence against aliens, sharks, and Bluto. Later that decade, more letters were sparked by Power Rangers toys included in Cap'n Crunch cereal.
Informed consent controversy, research on children
From 1946 to 1953, researchers from Quaker Oats Company, MIT and Harvard University carried out experiments at the Walter E. Fernald State School to determine how the minerals from cereals were metabolized. Parents of disabled children were asked for permission to let their children be members of a Science Club and participate in research. Being a member of the Science Club gave the children special privileges. The parents were told that the children would be fed with a diet high in nutrients. They were not told that the food their children were fed contained radioactive calcium and iron, and the consent form contained no information indicating this. The information obtained from the experiments was to be used as part of an advertising campaign. The company was later sued because of the experiments. The lawsuit was settled on 31 December 1997.
Trans fat content and litigation
In 2010, two California consumers filed a class action lawsuit against the Quaker Oats Company. The plaintiffs alleged that Quaker marketed its products as healthy even though they contained unhealthy trans fat. Specifically, Quaker's Chewy Granola Bars, Instant Oatmeal, and Oatmeal to Go Bars contained trans fat, yet their packaging featured claims like "heart healthy," "wholesome," and "smart choices made easy."[citation needed] The plaintiffs' complaint cited current scientific evidence that trans fat causes coronary heart disease and is associated with a higher risk of diabetes and some forms of cancer. In 2014, Quaker agreed to remove trans fats from its products, at a cost of $1.4 million, although the company denied false or misleading labelling.
US brands
As of 2005[update], these are the product brands marketed under the Quaker Oats name in the US:
Breakfast cereals
Other breakfast foods
Snacks
Mixes
Drinks
UK brands
As of 2008[update], these are the product brands marketed under the Quaker Oats name in the UK:
Breakfast cereals
Hot cereals
Ready to eat cereal
Cereal bars
Snacks
The Netherlands brands
These are the product brands marketed under the Quaker Oats name in the Netherlands:
Ready to eat cereal
General references | 76f0b33b-89c6-457a-b0ed-250f3a950fe9 |
null | British conductor
Paul McCreesh (born 24 May 1960) is an English conductor.
Paul McCreesh is the founder and artistic director of the Gabrieli Consort & Players. With them he has performed in major concert halls and festivals across the world. He has been the artistic director of the Wratislavia Cantans Festival in Wrocław, Poland and of the Brinkburn Festival in England.
In 2005 Loughborough University conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters.
Musical education
McCreesh began his career as a cellist and took his MusB from the University of Manchester in 1981.
Repertoire and performance
Paul McCreesh made his name in the music of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The Gabrieli Consort was founded in 1982 and as of 2020 is still active. McCreesh and the Gabrielis made a successful Proms début in 1992: the second part of the concert was "Music for the Coronation of a Doge, 27 April 1595".
In recent years he has also worked with modern instrument orchestras including the DSO Berlin, RSO Berlin, Zurich Chamber Orchestra, Ensemble Orchestral de Paris, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Minnesota Orchestra, Gothenburg Symphony, Sinfónica de Euskadi, Stockholm Philharmonic and Beethovenhalle Bonn, the Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra and the Orchestra Sinfonica dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia di Roma.
Opera
McCreesh has conducted Handel's Jephtha for Welsh National Opera and Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice, as well as Mozart's The Magic Flute for Royal Danish Opera and, for Komische Oper Berlin, a new David Alden staging of Handel's Alcina. He has also conducted Handel's Rodelinda at the Beaune Festival and at the Brinkburn Festival, which he founded.
Recordings
From 1993 Paul McCreesh built a large discography for Deutsche Grammophon. In 2011 he established Winged Lion, an independent label, which is a subsidiary of Signum Records.
Reconstructions
McCreesh is noted for his "liturgical reconstructions" in which music is presented in the context of a specific liturgy with appropriate background sounds such as bell-ringing. The Gramophone Award winning album "Venetian Coronation" (released on Virgin Classics in 1990) represented a breakthrough for the Gabrieli Consort and Players. A new version of this musical reconstruction of the coronation of Marino Grimani was released in 2012 on Winged Lion.
"Music for the Duke of Lerma" is a musical reconstruction featuring Spanish sacred music associated with Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma. It was released on DG's Archiv label.
Opera
In 2020 McCreesh's recording of Purcell's semi-opera King Arthur was judged best recording of the year by BBC Music Magazine. | 448f7da9-dd93-462f-b805-4aca1bc5ff53 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvidicolus"} | Genus of lizards
Uvidicolus is a monotypic genus of lizard in the family Carphodactylidae. The genus contains the sole species Uvidicolus sphyrurus, also known commonly as the border thick-tailed gecko. The species is endemic to Australia.
Geographic range
U. sphyrurus is found in rocky highlands of the Murray-Darling Basin, in New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia.
Habitat
The preferred natural habitats of U. sphyrurus are forest, savanna, and rocky areas, at altitudes of 500–1,200 m (1,600–3,900 ft).
Description
U. sphyrurus may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 7 cm (2.8 in).
Reproduction
U. sphyrurus is oviparous.
Taxonomy
Uvidicolus sphyrurus is sometimes placed in the genus Underwoodisaurus. | 554ed9bc-0772-4e22-8479-c4d34a9201a1 |
null | Portuguese footballer
João da Rocha Ribeiro (born 13 August 1987) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a left winger.
Club career
Born in Porto, Ribeiro was brought up in FC Porto's youth system. Still a junior he made his senior debuts, playing only six times in two seasons combined with the reserves in the third division.
Released by Porto, Ribeiro signed a four-year contract with Associação Naval 1º de Maio in the 2006 summer. He made his Primeira Liga debut on 3 December in a 0–2 away loss against C.D. Aves (25 minutes played), and appeared in a further 11 games as the Figueira da Foz club retained its division status.
In the following campaign, Ribeiro became first-choice at Naval, featuring in 27 matches and scoring once as his team finished in 11th position. He missed the vast majority of 2008–09, due to injury.
After one year on loan to fellow league side Associação Académica de Coimbra, Ribeiro left Naval and joined Vitória SC. On 15 January 2011 he netted his first official goal for the Guimarães-based team, in a 1–0 home win over S.C. Olhanense.
Honours
Vitória Guimarães | 902e397f-e62e-4087-8127-85a716ee284d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_Cup"} | Football match
The 33rd Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup was held in 1 and 4 January 2011. The first leg was played at Guangdong People's Stadium, Guangzhou on 1 January, with the second leg taken place at Hong Kong Stadium, Hong Kong on 4 January.
Squads
Guangdong
The squad was announced on 30 December 2010.
Hong Kong
The squad was selected by Tsang Wai Chung and was announced on 23 December 2010.
Match details
First leg
15:00 CST
Guangdong People's Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 8,000
Referee: He Zhibiao
Second leg
20:00 HKT
Hong Kong Stadium, Hong Kong
Attendance: 3,175
Referee: Liu Kwok Man | 12dcc252-9be0-4741-a81b-4a066fcf3472 |
null | Polish handball player
Dawid Fedeńczak (born 6 March 1998) is a Polish handball player for Pogoń Szczecin and the Polish national team. | 4890d8cb-8a37-49ab-b1cc-5d3142a23296 |
null | BYN may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term | 982a2866-08dc-4ac7-84bf-1cfabbd758d8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Allen"} | English mixed martial artist
Arnold Billy Allen (born 22 January 1994) is an English professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Featherweight division in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of November 8, 2022, he is #4 in the UFC featherweight rankings.
Background
Born and raised in Suffolk, Allen began training in mixed martial arts as a teenager and took part in several amateur fights before turning professional in 2012.
Mixed martial arts career
Early career
He made his professional debut competing as a featherweight for various regional promotions across Great Britain, including a stint in Cage Warriors. He was able to compile a record of 9–1 in his first three years along the way.
After his TKO stoppage of Paul Cook in November 2014, Allen signed with the UFC.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Allen made his promotional debut on 20 June 2015 as a short notice replacement filling in for an injured Mike Wilkinson against Alan Omer at UFC Fight Night 69. After probably dropping the first two rounds, Allen won the fight via submission in the third round. He was also awarded a Performance of the Night bonus.
Allen next faced Yaotzin Meza on 27 February 2016 at UFC Fight Night 84. He won the fight by unanimous decision.
Allen was expected to face Mirsad Bektic on 8 October 2016 at UFC 204. However, due to injury, Allen withdrew from the fight and was replaced by Russell Doane.
Allen faced Makwan Amirkhani on 18 March 2017 at UFC Fight Night 107. He won the fight by split decision.
Allen was scheduled to face Enrique Barzola at UFC 220 on 20 January 2018. However, Allen was pulled from the fight on January 11 due to alleged visa issues which restricted his ability to travel. Following this announcement, It was determined that Allen would be replaced by Matt Bessette at UFC 220.
Allen faced Mads Burnell on 27 May 2018 at UFC Fight Night 130. He won the fight via front choke submission in the third round. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award.
Allen was expected to face Gilbert Melendez on 30 November 2018 at The Ultimate Fighter 28 Finale. However, Melendez pulled out of the fight on 5 November and was replaced by Ricky Glenn. In turn, Allen pulled out of the fight on 16 November citing a cut he received while training.
Allen faced Jordan Rinaldi on 16 March 2019 at UFC Fight Night 147. He won the fight by unanimous decision.
Allen faced Gilbert Melendez on 6 July 2019 at UFC 239. He won the fight via unanimous decision.
Allen was expected to face Josh Emmett on 25 January 2020 at UFC Fight Night 166. However Emmett was pulled from the event for an undisclosed reason, and he was replaced by Nik Lentz whose original featherweight opponent also dropped out of the event. Allen won the fight via unanimous decision. Lentz would later claim he lost 40% of his vision after being poked in the eye by Allen.
Allen was scheduled to face Jeremy Stephens on 7 November 2020 at UFC on ESPN: Santos vs. Teixeira. However, Stephens was forced to withdraw from the event, citing injury. In turn, the bout was cancelled.
Allen faced Sodiq Yusuff on 10 April 2021 at UFC on ABC 2. After knocking Yusuff down twice, he won the fight via unanimous decision.
Allen faced Dan Hooker at UFC Fight Night 204. He won the fight via technical knockout in the first round. With this win, he received the Performance of the Night award.
Allen faced Calvin Kattar on October 29, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 213, winning via technical knockout following a knee injury to Kattar.
Allen is scheduled to face Max Holloway on April 15, 2023 at UFC Fight Night 222.
Personal life
Allen was issued a five-month suspended sentence after he pleaded guilty to affray, for his role in a 23 December 2016 brawl near Ipswich which left a man and five women injured. As a result, Allen could face travel restrictions due to the conviction.
Championships and accomplishments
Mixed martial arts record | 9fd2b144-3e83-49e9-b515-6067528963d3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Prison_Swansea"} | HM Prison Swansea (Welsh: Carchar Abertawe EF) is a Category B/C men's prison, located in the Sandfields area of Swansea, Wales. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service, and is colloquially known as 'Cox's farm', after a former governor.
History
Swansea is a Victorian prison built between 1845 and 1861 to replace former prison accommodation at Swansea Castle. Both male and female inmates were incarcerated there until 1922, at which point all females were transferred to Cardiff Prison.
Execution site
A total of 15 judicial executions took place at Swansea prison between 1858 and 1958. All of the condemned prisoners were hanged for the crime of murder. Their names, ages and dates of execution are:
Note: The execution of Jones & Mackintosh in 1949 was notable for being a double hanging i.e. both condemned men were executed simultaneously, whilst standing together on the same gallows. Jones & Mackintosh had committed unrelated murders. Double executions were already rare in the UK and the practice ended in 1952.
The remains of all executed prisoners were buried in unmarked graves within the prison walls, as was customary.
Recent history
In April 2002, an inspection report from His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons condemned conditions for inmates at Swansea Prison. The report called on the prison to improve cleanliness and sanitation, particularly for vulnerable inmates who are housed away from other prisoners. The report also highlighted the lack of showers in all areas, which meant that not all inmates were able to shower every day. However the prison was praised for its rehabilitation of inmates.
Four months later, a survey of prison numbers revealed that HMP Swansea was Wales's most overcrowded prison, and one of the top five most densely populated in Britain. Statistics showed that Swansea was holding 145 more inmates than the 219 it should have been accommodating. Overcrowding has been an issue at the prison ever since.
The prison today
Swansea is a Category B/C prison for adult males remanded into custody from the local courts, as well as convicted and sentenced prisoners.
Prisoners are employed in the prison’s workshops, kitchen and recycling units. Full and part-time education is also provided. Other features include a Prisoner And Liaison Support Scheme, a Swansea City A.F.C. Social inclusion officer scheme, Prisoner elected councils, Job Centre Plus, Housing Officers and Community Chaplaincy.
In the early 1980s, Swansea started the Samaritans trained 'Prisoner Listener Scheme', that has now been developed in most prisons in the UK.
There are issues with suicide, self harm and violence among prisoners at Swansea Prison. The prison did not do enough to prevent eight prisoners killing themselves. Four of the suicides happened before an inspection in 2014 but a more recent visit showed the prison had not learnt lessons. Peter Clarke said, "Between our last inspection in 2014 and when we went back in the middle of last year there have been four further self-inflicted deaths - all in similar circumstances, all in the early days of the individual's imprisonment at Swansea jail. Quite simply, not enough has been done to understand the sort of problems they may have been facing and to prevent them inflicting harm and death upon themselves." The prison has been described as not fit for the purpose. On 14 January 2018 another inmate Robert Lee Evans, was found hanging in his cell, just days after the publication of a damning inspectorate report. An inquest into the death was opened on 23 January and the ombudsman is conducting an independent investigation. | b070eddc-3c79-414a-8634-142d058bf3fb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_Sematary_(soundtrack)"} | 1989 soundtrack album by Elliot Goldenthal
Pet Sematary is the soundtrack album for the film of the same name. Produced by Elliot Goldenthal, it was released in 1989.
Background
Elliot Goldenthal's Pet Sematary record was his first mainstream film score.
Its style is sometimes compared to Jack Nitzsche's soundtrack for The Exorcist, while the theme is inspired by Lalo Schifrin's score to The Amityville Horror.
Track listing
Personnel | b5edb836-e1ca-43f5-a31b-710bfdf79a03 |
null | The Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was in session from 1952 to 1956.
Composition
Members
Candidates
Organs of the 19th Presidium (dissolved in March 1953) | 6155618c-3475-4903-a6d7-ccd36abf7446 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Parma_F.C._season"} | Parma 2006–07 football season
First-team squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Left club during season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Results
Serie A
Torino v Parma
Parma v Milan
Fiorentina v Parma
Parma v Roma
Sampdoria v Parma
Parma v Udinese
Parma v Ascoli
Reggina v Parma
Parma v Atalanta
Siena v Parma
Parma v Internazionale
Livorno v Parma
Catania v Parma
Parma v Palermo
Cagliari v Parma
Parma v Chievo
Messina v Parma
Parma v Lazio
Empoli v Parma
Parma v Torino
Milan v Parma
Parma v Fiorentina
Roma v Parma
Parma v Sampdoria
Udinese v Parma
Ascoli v Parma
Parma v Reggina
Atalanta v Parma
Parma v Siena
Internazionale v Parma
Parma v Livorno
Parma v Catania
Parma v Fiorentina
Palermo v Parma
Parma v Cagliari
Chievo v Parma
Parma v Messina
Lazio v Parma
Parma v Empoli
Notes
League table
Source: [citation needed]
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
Notes:
Coppa Italia
Napoli v Parma
Parma v Napoli
Parma won 3-2 on aggregate.
Roma v Parma
Parma v Roma
Parma lost 4–3 on aggregate.
UEFA Cup
First round
Rubin Kazan
v
Parma
Parma
v
Rubin Kazan
Group stage
Source: [citation needed]
Odense
v
Parma
Parma
v
Heerenveen
Lens
v
Parma
Parma
v
Osasuna
Knockout stage
Braga
v
Parma
Parma
v
Braga
Parma lost 2-0 on aggregate.
Squad statistics
Top scorers
Sources | 0ca60244-e69e-433c-b998-66b7b7ad9df4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaqkout"} | 2009 studio album by DJ Quik & Kurupt
Blaqkout (stylized as "BlaQKout") is a collaboration album by rapper/record producer DJ Quik and rapper Kurupt. It is completely produced by DJ Quik. The album debuted at #61 on the Billboard 200, selling 10,000 copies its first week.
Background
While putting the finishing touches on Snoop Dogg’s acclaimed Ego Trippin album in early 2008, DJ Quik had an idea. The rapper-producer-musician-entrepreneur wanted to do a full-length album with Kurupt, the Dogg Pound member and Snoop Dogg affiliated-rapper he’d known since Death Row Records’ mid-1990s heyday and had worked with sparingly over the years. The inspiration for the name of the album was taken from the Method Man & Redman collaborative albums Blackout! and Blackout! 2 since this was also a collaboration album. It was modified to include the letter Q to represent DJ Quik and the letter K to represent Kurupt. Kurupt revealed the album was recorded within 6 months.
Critical reception
Blaqkout received widespread critical acclaim from contemporary music critics. Allmusic rated the album with 3 and a half stars and wrote Just like the similarly titled 2009 album from Method Man and Redman, DJ Quik and Kurupt's Blaqkout is a throwback triumph that succeeds thanks to the hip-hop veterans' superior chemistry and informal attitude. Anyone expecting a courageous game changer will be disappointed by all the swaggering, sexual bragging, and irresponsible pimping the duo frontload onto the effort, but coming to terms with the overall weekend attitude is quick and easy, thanks to rock-solid hooks and Quik's production. On "Ohh!" he creates a head-bobbing backing track out of chopped-up vocals and Smooth jazz keyboards, offering a G-funk alternative to Timbaland's "Indian Flute." Key track "Do You Know" finds him blending blissed-out ambience and a Soul II Soul hook, but "F**k Y'All" employs Quik's classic formula with that West Coast funk over thumping bass. The A.V. Club rated the album with a (B+) and wrote DJ Quik has long been one of the most consistent producers in Hip hop, as well as a skilled (though sometimes ridiculously sexist) MC. But he’s seldom been in the lean, adventurous form he explores on BlaQKout, a collaboration with Dogg Pound member Kurupt. Quik’s tracks are head-turning throughout: The blistering single “9X Outta 10” features Kurupt at his steeliest and takes the minimal slam-beats aesthetic of Clipse’s 2002 hit “Grindin'” to a lush new place, especially when a couple of cut-up female vocals enter the mix. “Do You Know” is cinematic soul with his usual easy-gliding groove slipping around under it; “Ohh!” calls up early-’80s Zapp and early-’00s 2-step garage (more cut-up vocals); North African overtones spice the heavy stomp of “Hey Playa (Moroccan Blues).” The lyrics aren’t going to win awards for thematic originality, and there’s an especially egregious spoken-word bit poorly justifying the excessive use of the word “bitch,” but most of the time, Quik and Kurupt sound invigorated by each other. Or as Quik ends a verse in “Hey Playa,” in slow motion, “I’m that much quicker.” The Phoenix gave the album 4/4 stars and wrote LA hip-hop has two threads, and DJ Quik pulls both of them. The first is g-funk, a production style that relies on deep, open grooves and an endless parade of funk samples. The second is West Coast backpacker rap, which is what happens when guys with enormous vocabularies smoke a lot of weed. The fact that Quik has inhabited both worlds for two decades is a pretty nifty trick: he can go "out there" without disappearing completely, and he can talk about problems in the ghetto without sounding as if he lived at the Gap. On BlaQKout, his collaboration with the Philadelphia/LA MC Kurupt, his sonics range far and wide. "Do You Know" has a glamorous sweep that suggests something like wise retrospection, and it leads right into "Watcha Wan Do," which could be the funky soundtrack to a Zelda game. Eventually, there's "9X Outta 10," which sounds as if somebody had handed turntables to the Terminator. This one has Kurupt rapping as if he were hypnotized — "It's gonna start again where it started at/Ended up, and restart again." It all might seem like preamble when you finally get to "Jupiter's Critic and the Mind of Mars," which may be the weirdest slice of rap genius since "A Milli." Quik has some of Prince's little-guy arrogance, and here it's nearly schizoid: "It's character, you miss it?/It's America, you visit?/Did you get on a boat without a ticket?" Uh, yes? What? This makes him sound crazier than he actually is, though. Quik knows what he's doing. You can hear it on every track of this symphonic mini-masterpiece.
Commercial performance
The album debuted at number sixty-one on the Billboard 200, selling 8,800 copies in its first week. It also entered at number six on Billboard's Top Rap Albums, number eleven on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number nine on Independent Albums. In its second week, it dropped to number one-hundred-ninety-one on the Billboard 200 with sales of 3,000. As of April 24, 2012, BlaQKout has sold 30,000 copies in the United States.
Accolades and legacy
BlaQKout appeared on several critics' year-end top albums lists. Rhapsody deemed it the 20th best album of 2009. The album was also ranked at number 25 by Pitchfork Media. The Factual Opinion ranked the album at number 15.
Later DJ Quik said he's very pleased with the album: "I love Blaqkout. We only sold a measly 30,000 records, no marketing. No international distribution because Fontana doesn't have that, my distributor. That record was done for the sake of art. Not even hip-hop, just art. New gear, new Pro Tools system. New recording technique. New microphones, new samples. Let's go! If you don't mind, it's not going to be a gangster rap record. It's going to be eclectic, and avant-garde, and enigmatic and all this weird shit. It's just gonna be some funky new shit. He (Kurupt) was like, 'Push the button.' Every time I pushed the button, we'd be in there quirk-ing out, funking out. And I kept my sound; it's still raw, still funky. At the same time, Kurupt sounds great, I sound pretty good I think. We did a record that is for the sake of music. It makes sense."
Track listing
Notes
Sample credits
Personnel
Credits for Blaqkout adapted from liner notes.
Charts | c1dd4509-5f4c-4109-bbb0-71488af640a7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerdtigh"} | Village in South Khorasan, Iran
Gerdtigh (Persian: گردتيغ, also Romanized as Gerdtīgh and Gertīgh) is a village in Qaen Rural District, in the Central District of Qaen County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 19 families. | 7822e996-c8ca-4698-a990-b451fbedaaa5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanus_bangonorum"} | Species of lizard
Varanus bangonorum, the Bangon monitor lizard, is a species of lizard of the Varanidae family. It is found in the Philippines. | df579bd1-972f-47ba-a545-55ea771961be |
null | Jiayi may refer to:
Chinese people
as Chiayi
Topics referred to by the same term | 7e98d59f-642e-40c6-ab0a-b38a1a07e69c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Laval_High_School"} | School
Western Laval High School was a junior and senior high school in Laval, Quebec, Canada, that was part of the Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board. It existed for 33 years before its closure in 2005.
History
Western Laval High School opened in 1972, at 5075 Souvenir Road, in the Chomedey district of Laval. During its first decade it operated as an age combined high school, mixing students from grade 7 through 11.
In 1983, its senior classes were moved and amalgamated into Chomedey Polyvalent High School (at the time part of the Laurenval School Board), located over two miles away. At this point the school became exclusively a junior high school, with CPHS as its senior counterpart. By the end of the decade, this was reversed and the Anglophone-instructed student seniors from Chomedey Polyvalent were transferred to Western Laval, making it a combined junior/senior high school once again. CPHS was renamed to its registered French alternate name as École secondaire Chomedey and became a French instruction / French Immersion high school under the Laurenval School Board.
In 1998, it moved to its final campus location at the former Chomedey Polyvalent High School (the original Western Laval High School building was taken over by the newly formed Commission Scolaire De Laval (Francophone school board) and became École Marie-Curie and is currently named École d'éducation internationale de Laval.
In 2005 Western Laval High School was renamed and split into two schools. Students voted for the new school names resulting in the lower secondary levels forming a new school called Laval Junior High School and the upper secondary levels forming the new Laval Liberty High School.
Post Western Laval High School years
Both Laval Junior High and Laval Liberty High were also eventually renamed, when in 2015 Laval Liberty High and Laurier Senior High School (formerly Laval Catholic High School) merged and were made into a new senior high school called Laval Senior Academy. Laval Senior Academy now occupies the former Chomedey Polyvalent High School building, which was founded in 1962, and essentially replaces the defunct schools: Western Laval, Chomedey Polyvalent, Laval Liberty and Laurier Senior (Western Laval's junior high segment, which existed in some form since 1972, had been eliminated).
Images | 4c4b8b92-ff4e-4912-9c41-4bc92a4d795f |
null | Teofil Pašić, O.S.B.M. (c.1700 – 1759) was a Ruthenian and Croatian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was the titular bishop of Plataea and Vicar Apostolic of Marča from 1738 to 1746.
Before his nomination as bishop, Fr. Pašić was the chaplain in Potsdam for the Greek-Catholic soldiers in the Army of Frederick William I of Prussia and rector of the Greek Catholic Seminary in Zagreb from 1738 to 1739.
He was appointed as the Bishop by the Holy See on 28 August 1738. He was consecrated to the Episcopate on 20 January 1739. The principal consecrator was Archbishop Basilio Matranga. He was removed from office of the Vicar Apostolic and exiled in the Basilian monastery.
He died in the St. Onuphrius Basilian Monastery in Lviv (in present day – Ukraine) on 1759.[citation needed] | b48b5ce6-329b-4d85-a455-a50a6c1e54f6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Northern_Ireland_members_of_the_House_of_Lords"} | This is a list of Members of the United Kingdom House of Lords who were born, live or lived in Northern Ireland.
This list does not include hereditary peers whose only parliamentary service was in the House of Lords prior to the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999, and who lost their seats under that Act. Nor does it include those in the Peerage of Ireland, who have never had an automatic right to a seat in the House of Lords at Westminster.
There is no such thing as the Peerage of Northern Ireland and peers do not represent geographic areas as such. Some do, however, choose titles which reflect geographical localities, e.g. Lord Kilclooney; this is, however, entirely nominal.
Current members
Living former members
Deceased members | a38216f5-2028-43cb-ad93-f82755df2e4e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-dioxide_laser"} | Form of gas laser
The carbon-dioxide laser (CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed. It was invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964 and is still one of the most useful types of laser. Carbon-dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous-wave lasers that are currently available. They are also quite efficient: the ratio of output power to pump power can be as large as 20%. The CO2 laser produces a beam of infrared light with the principal wavelength bands centering on 9.6 and 10.6 micrometers (μm).
Amplification
The active laser medium (laser gain/amplification medium) is a gas discharge which is air- or water-cooled, depending on the power being applied. The filling gas within a sealed discharge tube consists of around 10–20% carbon dioxide (CO
2), around 10–20% nitrogen (N
2), a few percent hydrogen (H
2) and/or xenon (Xe), and the remainder is helium (He).[citation needed] A different mixture is used in a flow-through laser, where CO
2 is continuously pumped through it. The specific proportions vary according to the particular laser.
The population inversion in the laser is achieved by the following sequence: electron impact excites the {v1(1)} quantum vibrational modes of nitrogen. Because nitrogen is a homonuclear molecule, it cannot lose this energy by photon emission, and its excited vibrational modes are therefore metastable and relatively long-lived. N
2{v1(1)} and CO
2{v3(1)} being nearly perfectly resonant (total molecular energy differential is within 3 cm−1 when accounting for N
2 anharmonicity, centrifugal distortion and vibro-rotational interaction, which is more than made up for by the Maxwell speed distribution of translational-mode energy), N
2 collisionally de-excites by transferring its vibrational mode energy to the CO2 molecule, causing the carbon dioxide to excite to its {v3(1)} (asymmetric stretch) vibrational mode quantum state. The CO
2 then radiatively emits at either 10.6 μm by dropping to the {v1(1)} (symmetric-stretch) vibrational mode, or 9.6 μm by dropping to the {v20(2)} (bending) vibrational mode. The carbon dioxide molecules then transition to their {v20(0)} vibrational mode ground state from {v1(1)} or {v20(2)} by collision with cold helium atoms, thus maintaining population inversion. The resulting hot helium atoms must be cooled in order to sustain the ability to produce a population inversion in the carbon dioxide molecules. In sealed lasers, this takes place as the helium atoms strike the walls of the laser discharge tube. In flow-through lasers, a continuous stream of CO2 and nitrogen is excited by the plasma discharge and the hot gas mixture is exhausted from the resonator by pumps.
Because the excitation energy of molecular vibrational and rotational mode quantum states are low, the photons emitted due to transition between these quantum states have comparatively lower energy, and longer wavelength, than visible and near-infrared light. The 9–12 μm wavelength of CO2 lasers is useful because it falls into an important window for atmospheric transmission (up to 80% atmospheric transmission at this wavelength), and because many natural and synthetic materials have strong characteristic absorption in this range.
Laser wavelength can be tuned by altering the isotopic ratio of the carbon and oxygen atoms comprising the CO
2 molecules in the discharge tube.
Construction
Because CO2 lasers operate in the infrared, special materials are necessary for their construction. Typically, the mirrors are silvered, while windows and lenses are made of either germanium or zinc selenide. For high power applications, gold mirrors and zinc selenide windows and lenses are preferred. There are also diamond windows and lenses in use. Diamond windows are extremely expensive, but their high thermal conductivity and hardness make them useful in high-power applications and in dirty environments. Optical elements made of diamond can even be sand blasted without losing their optical properties. Historically, lenses and windows were made out of salt (either sodium chloride or potassium chloride). While the material was inexpensive, the lenses and windows degraded slowly with exposure to atmospheric moisture.
The most basic form of a CO2 laser consists of a gas discharge (with a mix close to that specified above) with a total reflector at one end, and an output coupler (a partially reflecting mirror) at the output end.
The CO2 laser can be constructed to have continuous wave (CW) powers between milliwatts (mW) and hundreds of kilowatts (kW). It is also very easy to actively Q-switch a CO2 laser by means of a rotating mirror or an electro-optic switch, giving rise to Q-switched peak powers of up to gigawatts (GW).
Because the laser transitions are actually on vibration-rotation bands of a linear triatomic molecule, the rotational structure of the P and R bands can be selected by a tuning element in the laser cavity. Prisms are not practical as tuning elements because most media that transmit in the mid-infrared absorb or scatter some of the light, so the frequency tuning element is almost always a diffraction grating. By rotating the diffraction grating, a particular rotational line of the vibrational transition can be selected. The finest frequency selection may also be obtained through the use of an etalon. In practice, together with isotopic substitution, this means that a continuous comb of frequencies separated by around 1 cm−1 (30 GHz) can be used that extend from 880 to 1090 cm−1. Such "line-tuneable" carbon-dioxide lasers are principally of interest in research applications. The laser's output wavelength is affected by the particular isotopes contained in the carbon dioxide molecule, with heavier isotopes causing longer wavelength emission.
Applications
Industrial (cutting and welding)
Because of the high power levels available (combined with reasonable cost for the laser), CO2 lasers are frequently used in industrial applications for cutting and welding, while lower power level lasers are used for engraving. It is also used in the additive manufacturing process of Selective laser sintering (SLS).
Medical (soft-tissue surgery)
Carbon-dioxide lasers have become useful in surgical procedures because water (which makes up most biological tissue) absorbs this frequency of light very well. Some examples of medical uses are laser surgery and skin resurfacing ("laser facelifts", which essentially consist of vaporizing the skin to promote collagen formation). CO2 lasers may be used to treat certain skin conditions such as hirsuties papillaris genitalis by removing bumps or podules. CO2 lasers can be used to remove vocal-fold lesions, such as vocal-fold cysts. Researchers in Israel are experimenting with using CO2 lasers to weld human tissue, as an alternative to traditional sutures.
The 10.6 μm CO2 laser remains the best surgical laser for the soft tissue where both cutting and hemostasis are achieved photo-thermally (radiantly). CO2 lasers can be used in place of a scalpel for most procedures and are even used in places a scalpel would not be used, in delicate areas where mechanical trauma could damage the surgical site. CO2 lasers are the best suited for soft-tissue procedures in human and animal specialties, as compared to laser with other wavelengths. Advantages include less bleeding, shorter surgery time, less risk of infection, and less post-op swelling. Applications include gynecology, dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and many others.
The CO2 laser at the 9.25–9.6 μm wavelength is sometimes used in dentistry for hard-tissue ablation. The hard-tissue is ablated at temperatures as high as 5,000 °C, producing bright thermal radiation.
Other
The common plastic poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) absorbs IR light in the 2.8–25 μm wavelength band, so CO2 lasers have been used in recent years for fabricating microfluidic devices from it, with channel widths of a few hundred micrometers.
Because the atmosphere is quite transparent to infrared light, CO2 lasers are also used for military rangefinding using LIDAR techniques.
CO2 lasers are used in spectroscopy and the Silex process to enrich uranium.
In semiconductor manufacturing, CO2 lasers are used for extreme ultraviolet generation.
The Soviet Polyus was designed to use a megawatt carbon-dioxide laser as an in-orbit weapon to destroy SDI satellites. | c3270fa4-de05-4fdd-839b-26d9fb434ff3 |
null | Tutli (Persian: توتلي) may refer to: | 1565ad7e-403d-4494-b3b4-0a1bf2de37ca |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetratheca_insularis"} | Species of flowering plant
Tetratheca insularis is a species of plant in the quandong family that is endemic to Australia.
Description
The species grows as a compact shrub, usually to 20 cm (sometimes up to 60 cm) in height. The oval leaves are 3–8 mm long and grow in whorls of 3–5. The dark lilac-pink flowers each have four 10–20 mm long petals, appearing from August to December.
Distribution and habitat
The species is endemic to Kangaroo Island, South Australia, where it is found mainly on the western half of the island in mallee shrubland on laterite and ironstone soils, occasionally in Eucalyptus diversifolia mallee on limestone. | d0907aad-51a9-4fa6-b052-f9b6f203ccac |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZMYM2"} | Zinc finger MYM-type protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZMYM2 gene. | 1f20f9f9-ee52-4b61-8639-c5628f7629b6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_Singapore"} | The Proclamation of Singapore is an annex of the Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia as an independent and sovereign state dated 7 August 1965 between the Government of Malaysia and government of Singapore, and an act to amend the Constitution of Malaysia and the Malaysia Act on 9 August 1965 signed by the Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and read on the day of separation from Malaysia, which was 9 August 1965, by Lee Kuan Yew, the first Singaporean prime minister.
Draft
The Proclamation of Singapore in Singapore
WHEREAS it is the inalienable right of a people to be free and independent.
AND WHEREAS Malaysia was established on the 16th day of September, 1963, by a federation of existing states of the Federation of Malaya and the States of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore into one independent and sovereign nation.
AND WHEREAS it was also agreed by the parties to the said Agreement that, upon the separation of Singapore from Malaysia, the Government of Malaysia shall relinquish its sovereignty and jurisdiction in respect of Singapore so that the said sovereignty and jurisdiction shall on such relinquishment vest in the Government of Singapore.
AND WHEREAS by a Proclamation dated the ninth day of August in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five the Prime Minister of Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah did proclaim and declare that Singapore shall on the ninth day of August in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five cease to be a State of Malaysia and shall become an independent and sovereign state and nation separate from and independent of Malaysia and recognised as such by the Government of Malaysia.
Now I LEE KUAN YEW Prime Minister of Singapore, DO HEREBY PROCLAIM AND DECLARE on behalf of the people and the Government of Singapore that as from today the ninth day of August in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five Singapore shall forever be a sovereign democratic and independent nation, founded upon the principles of liberty and justice and ever seeking the welfare and happiness of her people in a more just and equal society.
(Signed) LEE KUAN YEW Prime Minister of Singapore
Dated the 9th day of August, 1965.
The Proclamation of Singapore in Malaysia
In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Praise be to God, the Lord of the Universe, and may the benediction and peace of God be upon Our Leader Muhammad and upon all His Relations and Friends.
WHEREAS Malaysia was established on the 16th day of September, 1963, by a federation of the existing states of the Federation of Malaya and the States of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore into one independent and sovereign nation;
AND WHEREAS by an Agreement made on the 7th day of August in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five between the Government of Malaysia of the one part and the Government of Singapore of the other part it was agreed that Singapore should cease to be a state of Malaysia and should thereupon become an independent and sovereign state and nation separate from and independent of Malaysia;
AND WHEREAS it was also agreed by the parties to the said Agreement that, upon the separation of Singapore from Malaysia, the Government of Malaysia shall relinquish its sovereignty and jurisdiction in respect of Singapore so that the said sovereignty and jurisdiction shall on such relinquishment vest in the Government of Singapore;
NOW in the name of God the Compassionate, the Merciful, I, TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ IBNI ALMARHUM SULTAN ABDUL HAMID HALIM SHAH, Prime Minister of Malaysia, with the concurrence and approval of His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, DO HEREBY DECLARE AND PROCLAIM that, as from the 9th day of August in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five, Singapore shall cease to be a State of Malaysia and shall forever be an independent and sovereign state and nation separate from and independent of Malaysia, and that the Government of Malaysia recognises the present Government of Singapore as an independent and sovereign government of Singapore and will always work in friendship and co-operation with it.
(Signed) (TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA) Prime Minister of Malaysia
Dated this 9th day of August, 1965 | 8c3b78c6-0c84-4cf5-9425-f73497c26fc5 |
null | Malagasy footballer
Jean-Claude Marobe (born 18 June 1993) is a Malagasy football defender for Fosa Juniors FC. | 3e4dda9f-89ee-49ae-81a9-511ff3a4f56c |
null | American football player (born 1948)
American football player
Charles Kerry Brown (born October 13, 1948), sometimes mis-spelled Charles Kelly Brown, and sometimes known by the nickname "Good Grief", was an American football wide receiver.
A native of Oakland California, Brown attended Castlemont High School in that city. He began playing college football at Merritt Junior College in Oakland. In 1968, he transferred to Northern Arizona University as a sociology student and a split end for the 1968 and 1969 football teams. During the 1969 season, he broke Norther Arizona single-season records 63 receptions, 1,134 receiving yards (nearly doubling the prior record of 601 receiving yards), and 11 receiving touchdowns. He also set single-game school records with 12 receptions in one game and 245 receiving yards and three touchdown receptions in another game.
He was selected by the Detroit Lions in the 14th round (357th overall pick) of the 1970 NFL Draft and impressed coaches during the Lions' training camp. He appeared in 14 games during the 1970 season, but totaled only two passes for 38 yards. His career was stymied by military service in 1971 and torn cartilage that required surgery on a knee. | a158f0af-107d-4aa4-b080-c28ba6b4b206 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustawin"} | Village in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Gustawin [ɡusˈtavin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Przasnysz and 85 km (53 mi) north of Warsaw.
The village has a population of 20. | 05be701a-5dcd-4682-b86c-395ffb4a9185 |
null | Sesser may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term | d8f4be0f-96f4-4fae-ac1c-b3f1981902c2 |
null | 1932 book by William Z. Foster
Toward Soviet America is a book written by American Communist leader William Z. Foster in 1932. Foster described it in its preface as a "plain statement of Communist policy, avoiding technical complexities and theoretical elaboration. . . Its central purpose is to explain to the oppressed and exploited masses of workers and poor farmers how, under the leadership of the Communist party, they can best protect themselves now, and in due season cut their way out of the capitalist jungle to Socialism."
Chapter 1 describes the Great Depression as a crisis of capitalism and symptom of its decay, chapter 2 glowingly describes the economic and cultural development of the Soviet Union, chapter 3 criticizes efforts to reform the capitalist system, while chapters 4 and 5 describe the policies proposed by the Communist Party and aspects of life in a future "United Soviet States of America."
The work reflects the positions of the Communist Party USA during the Third Period, such as referring to the "social fascism" of the Socialist Party. In 1949 Foster wrote "I have long since criticized [Toward Soviet America] on the grounds—first, that it contains many incorrect formulations, and second, that the book in general no longer corresponds to the present political situation and to our policies. We do not circulate this and other outdated and often unsatisfactorily written American books, pamphlets, and articles on Communism." Despite this disavowal, the book was reprinted in 1961 by the House Un-American Activities Committee with the claim that it continued to represent the outlook and goals of the Communist Party USA. | 23eeee91-7edc-4476-877d-19c40f7c328a |
null | Fixed–mobile convergence (FMC) is a change in telecommunications that removes differences between fixed and mobile networks.
In the 2004 press release announcing its formation, the Fixed-Mobile Convergence Alliance (FMCA) said:
"Fixed Mobile Convergence is a transition point in the telecommunications industry that will finally remove the distinctions between fixed and mobile networks, providing a superior experience to customers by creating seamless services using a combination of fixed broadband and local access wireless technologies to meet their needs in homes, offices, other buildings and on the go."
In this definition "fixed broadband" means a connection to the Internet, such as DSL, cable or T1. "Local access wireless" means Wi-Fi or something like it. BT's initial FMC service, BT Fusion used Bluetooth rather than Wi-Fi for the local access wireless. The advent of picocells and femtocells means that local access wireless can be cellular radio technology.
The term "seamless services" in the quotation above is ambiguous. When talking about FMC, the word "seamless" usually refers to "seamless handover", which means that a call in progress can move from the mobile (cellular) network to the fixed network on the same phone without interruption, as described in one of the FMCA specification documents:
"Seamless is defined as there being no perceptible break in voice or data transmission due to handover (from the calling party or the called party"s perspective)".
The term "seamless services" sometimes means service equivalence across any termination point, fixed or mobile, so for example, dialing plans are identical and no change in dialed digits is needed on a desk phone versus a mobile. A less ambiguous term for this might be "network agnostic services".
The FMCA is a carrier organization, mainly oriented to consumer services. Enterprise phone systems are different. When Avaya announced its "Fixed Mobile Convergence" initiative in 2005, it was using a different definition. What Avaya and other PBX manufacturers were calling FMC was the ability for a PBX to treat a cell phone as an extension, and the ability for a cell phone to behave like a PBX extension phone:
"Extension to Cellular technology: software seamlessly bridges office phone services to mobile devices, permitting the use of just one phone number and one voice mailbox. Client software extends the capabilities of the PBX to a mobile smartphone, creating a virtual desk extension. This software runs on Nokia Series 60 phones and works in conjunction with Extension to Cellular."
In other words, this new definition of FMC included neither local access wireless nor fixed broadband technology. The only defining characteristic it shared with the previous definition was seamless services, albeit without seamless handover.
Components
Each vendor appears to have its own definition of enterprise FMC, but all their products consist of one or more of the following capabilities:
Session redirection
Session redirection means moving a call in progress from a cell phone to a desk phone or vice versa, in much the same way as a call can transfer from one extension to another. For example, one is in a car on the way to work, listening to a conference call on a cell phone. One walks into the office, sits down, and redirects the call (session) to a desk phone. Depending on the implementation, control of the process might be from a cell phone, a desk phone or a PC, using touch-tones or something more user-friendly.
PBX mobility
This is what the Avaya press release terms “extension to cellular,” and some other vendors term “PBX extension.” The cell phone number is entered into the PBX (or third party PBX mobility device, see the paragraph below headed “PBX agnostic”), and then when someone calls the related office number, the PBX dials a cell phone over the PSTN and bridges the call. The PBX treats the cell phone as if it is an analog extension, so PBX can invoke features like hold and transfer by touch-tone commands. Thus, one can use any cell phone and any carrier (see the paragraphs below headed “handset agnostic” and “carrier agnostic”).
Treating the mobile phone as an analog extension to the PBX opens up several more possibilities. Various flavors of this service might include features like single number, simultaneous ringing and single voicemail.
Single number
Single number means that the mobile phone and the desk phone share an extension number. So only one phone number need be given out to receive calls on either a mobile or desk phone. But the cell phone likely still has its own number, it’s just that one need not give it out to anyone. To make business calls from a cell phone, one dials an access number at the office, gets a new dial tone, and then dials the destination number. This allows taking advantage of corporate least-cost-routing, and shows the office number on the caller ID display of the called person.
Single voicemail
Single voicemail is the option to use the corporate voice mail rather than the cell phone’s voice mail. This only works on calls made to an office number.
Simultaneous ringing
Simultaneous ringing means that when someone calls an office number, a desk phone and a mobile phone ring simultaneously.
When a cell phone receives a call made to an office number, the caller ID display would normally show the office as the caller, since the call is routed through the PBX. When the client software on the cell phone can pre-empt the built-in phone software (depends on the handset and client software vendor) this caller ID is suppressed and the mobility controller passes the correct calling number and name to the client software on the handset using the cellular data channel. Alternatively, depending on the PBX and carrier, the system may be able to insert the caller ID of the person calling into the regular caller ID notification (caller ID spoofing). This will show the 'correct' caller ID even on the built-in handset interface.
Client software
PBX mobility on a regular cell phone is not particularly user friendly, what with the touch-tone interface and the access number prefixing. With a smartphone things get a lot better. The definition of a smartphone is that it can run third-party software. If one has a smartphone, and it is a model supported by an enterprise FMC system, it will be able to run a “client application” that puts a friendly user interface on the PBX mobility features, allowing easy use of PBX features like four-digit dialing to other extensions.
If the phone supports it, well written client applications can fully hide the native phone user interface. Otherwise users will have two different screens from which to dial calls: the built-in one and the client application.
RIM has built PBX signaling features into its handsets running firmware version 4.2.1 or above. Thus, Blackberries can access PBX features through menus rather than touch-tones, even without add-on client software.
OptiCaller software has developed mobile PBX software/apps for most smartphone platforms (Android, iPhone, Blackberry, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone), which also fits to any PBX and Centrex systems.
Dual-mode support
A dual-mode phone is a cell phone that also has Wi-Fi. The Wi-Fi can be for data only, voice only, or for both.
Three main categories of wireless extensions to PBXs exist: those that work over Wi-Fi (VoWLAN, or VoWi-Fi), those that use public mobile networks like 3G, and those that use other radio technologies like DECT. Client software can make a dual-mode smartphone act as a Wi-Fi extension to the PBX. This gives the handset a split personality: a regular cell phone and a VoIP PBX extension, each having its own phone number. These two personalities can be well integrated, fully separate or something in between. Session redirection as described above moves the call between devices; with a dual-mode phone, session redirection can occur between the two networks, keeping the call on the same handset.
Well integrated dual-mode user interfaces are sometimes described as “network agnostic” (see below).
Session continuity
Dual-mode handset clients can fully hide their split personality, taking the onus of session redirection off the user, and handling it automatically. When the system senses that a phone moves into Wi-Fi coverage, it transfers the call onto the VoWi-Fi side. When a phone moves out of Wi-Fi coverage, it transfers the call onto the cellular side. This is also sometimes termed “seamless handover” or “automatic handover.” To do it imperceptibly to the user is technically challenging. This automatic, seamless type of session redirection is often termed voice call continuity (VCC). The term VCC has the disadvantage that it specifically mentions voice, while FMC systems are evolving toward multimedia sessions where voice is only one of the elements. So a better term might be session continuity.
Session continuity needs client software support in the handset, either with built-in VCC client software, or (more commonly in enterprise FMC) as a part of the client software from the enterprise FMC system vendor.
Mobility controller
VCC is a term lifted from the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) specifications published by the international bodies involved with standardizing cellular technologies. In IMS terminology, VCC is done by software termed the call continuity control function (CCCF).
Session redirection and session continuity need a device in the network that routes and reroutes the call over either the fixed or mobile network as needed; something that embodies the CCCF. Many terms for this device exist, and each of these terms can also mean something else. Also the various devices that incorporate session redirection or session continuity usually also do other things. These devices have names like “mobility server,” “mobility controller,” “mobility router,” “mobility appliance” or “mobility gateway.”
Carrier FMC compared
The path of a call transits both the service provider network and the enterprise network, and the mobility controller can be located almost anywhere on that path. If it is in the service provider network the system is termed carrier-based FMC, if in the enterprise network, enterprise FMC. This is the defining characteristic of enterprise FMC.
Most carrier FMC is aimed at the consumer market, but some implementations support enterprise features like PBX mobility. Carrier-based FMC can support PBX mobility either by installing a PBX mobility control device near the PBX in the enterprise network (the method used by Tango Networks), or by offering the PBX functionality as a network service such as Centrex (the method was used by Sotto Wireless (now defunct)) or by offering a mobile device abstraction service as a network service whereby the cell phone is emulated into a SIP end-point at the level of the mobile network (the method used by ESCAUX Fixed-Mobile Unification).
Carrier FMC normally uses one of two technologies to implement session continuity, VCC or unlicensed mobile access, also known as Generic Access Network or UMA. UMA is an older technology, which transports GSM packets through the IP network; the handset uses the same GSM signaling stack for Wi-Fi calls as for cellular. With the predicted conversion of the carrier networks to all-IP, UMA has been superseded by VCC, which uses SIP signaling.
Handset agnostic
We mentioned above that basic PBX mobility can work with any cellular handset. At the other extreme, carrier FMC usually only works with particular handsets. For example, the T-Mobile@Home service works with only three handsets, one each from Nokia, Motorola and RIM. Client software for enterprise FMC almost always works on phones that run the Windows Mobile or S60 operating systems, particularly HTC phones and the Nokia Eseries respectively. Other smartphone operating systems that may be supported include Linux and RIM, and in the future Android and iOS (iPhone). Handset agnosticism is a major selling point. A handset agnostic system is more attractive to enterprise FMC customers than one that limits the choice of handsets. OptiCaller Software has developed mobile PBX software/apps for most smartphone platforms (Android, iPhone, Blackberry, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone), which also fits to any PBX and Centrex systems.
Carrier agnostic
A system with the mobility controller in the enterprise network can work with any carrier, provided the carrier will allow the phones to connect to their network. The benefit of this is that the customer gets a wide selection of phones, and the FMC system will work on employees’ personal phones, even when those phones are on an assortment of carriers.
A system with the mobility controller in the carrier network is not carrier-agnostic from the point of view of the customer. They have to buy service from that carrier.
PBX agnostic
Each of the PBX vendors offers a mobility capability. Some developed it internally. Some, like Cisco or Avaya, bought a third-party developer, and some license their offering from a company like OptiCaller Software or Counterpath (formerly FirstHand). There is another set of vendors that offers enterprise FMC that works with any PBX, for example, OptiCaller Software, OnRelay, Shortel, Tango Networks, ESCAUX and RIM. This is beneficial to both large and small customers. Large customers may have PBXes from multiple vendors, yet still wish to roll out a unified FMC solution. Small customers appreciate having a choice of supplier, rather than being tied to their PBX vendor.
Network agnostic interface
Some vendors use this term to mean that all features are available through a uniform user interface in both cellular and Wi-Fi networks. This means that the user should not be able to perceive which network is carrying their session on a dual-mode phone.
Recent history
Fixed–mobile convergence has not developed as expected, allegedly because of lack of demand. A paper published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2007 also reaches a pessimistic conclusion. | 3cb95275-51a2-4118-893c-115526e5943e |
null | Italian football manager
Paolo Mazza (21 July 1901 – 31 December 1981) was an Italian football manager. He was co-manager of the Italy national football team at the 1962 FIFA World Cup, together with Giovanni Ferrari.
Mazza career as a footballer was served entirely in the lower divisions, he became first manager and then sporting director of SPAL, the main club in Ferrara.
In 1946, he became President of the club and pioneered the idea of training centres at youth level, opening the Centro Giovanile di Addestramento. Nicknamed Il Rabdomante (the Diviner) by journalist Gianni Brera due to his skill for talent-spotting, he helped SPAL reach Serie A, well above the level expected from such a small club.
In 1962, despite being out of management and coaching for nearly 25 years, the Italian FA asked him to act as Assistant Manager of the 1962 World Cup squad in Chile. Italy was knocked out at the first round stage. However, just a few days after his return, he made one of his most notable signings when picking up Fabio Capello from Pieris for two million Lira (around £500). | 0ff618f5-60e6-469d-a39a-8b777d33ca99 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekalaka,_Montana"} | Town in Montana, United States
Ekalaka is a town in and the county seat of Carter County, Montana, United States. The population was 399 at the 2020 census.
History
Ekalaka was named after a Sioux girl, Ijkalaka, who was the wife of David Harrison Russell, a scout.
Ijkalaka (Restless or Moving About) was an Oglala Lakota and the daughter of Wombalee We-chosh (Eagle Man). She was born in 1858 on the Powder River., while she was living with a cousin, Hi Kelly, at a ranch on Chugwater Creek, near Laramie Wyoming. She was 16 when she met Russell, who was a scout and frontiersman.
The town was created by Russell on the edge of his ranch. A man named Carter bogged down in mud the spring of 1885 opened a saloon and is credited with saying "Anyplace in Montana is a good place to open a saloon". The site became a trade center for cattle ranchers and sheepherders. He put up houses to house freight workers and hunters who ran the local freight line (team and horses), and other added to it.
Geography
Ekalaka is located at 45°53′21″N 104°32′59″W / 45.88917°N 104.54972°W / 45.88917; -104.54972 (45.889231, −104.549716). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.04 square miles (2.69 km2), all land. Ekalaka is the southern start of Montana Highway 7 and the northern end of Montana Secondary Highway 323.
Known for its sandstone rock and open plains, Ekalaka is part of the Montana Dinosaur Trail, and is home to the Carter County Museum, which is known for its dinosaur collection. Nearby is the Custer National Forest. Russell Creek flows through town.
Climate
Ekalaka experiences a dry continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with cold, dry winters and hot, wetter summers.
Demographics
2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 332 people, 176 households and 87 families residing in the town. The population density was 319.2 inhabitants per square mile (123.2/km2). There were 266 housing units at an average density of 255.8 per square mile (98.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.4% White, 1.2% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.
There were 176 households, of which 17.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.8% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.6% were non-families. 45.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.82 and the average family size was 2.52.
The median age was 54 years. 15.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.3% were from 25 to 44; 34.2% were from 45 to 64; and 31.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.
2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 410 people, 195 households and 109 families residing in the town. The population density was 391.5 per square mile (150.8/km2). There were 287 housing units at an average density of 274.1 per square mile (105.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.02% White, 0.49% Native American, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.49% of the population.
There were 195 households, of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. 42.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.73.
21.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 2.4% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 30.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females there were 85.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.
The median household income was $19,432 and the median family income was $27,750. Males had a median income of $22,656 and females $18,125. The per capita income $13,667. About 7.1% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 15.0% of those age 65 or over.
Infrastructure
Ekalaka Airport is a public use airport located 2 miles southeast of town.
Education
Ekalaka Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. There is the Ekalaka Elementary District and Carter County High School. They are known as the Bulldogs.
Ekalaka Public Library serves the town.
Notable person | 38ec32e2-431a-42ab-b9b5-73befe1bf05a |
null | American politician
James A. Lintz (born November 14, 1949) is an American former politician. He served in the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1999 to 2004 and in the Senate from 2005 to 2008. | c7457d9a-20ac-4fd6-ab52-ad1254f05841 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Norway_international_footballers_(2%E2%80%939_caps)"} | The Norway national football team represents Norway in international association football. It is fielded by The Football Association of Norway, NFF, the governing body of football in Norway, and competes as a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), which encompasses the countries of Europe. Norway competed for the first time on 12 July 1908, in a match the team lost 3–11 against Sweden.
Norway have competed in numerous competitions, and all players who have played between two and nine matches, either as a member of the starting eleven or as a substitute, are listed below. Each player's details include his usual playing position while with the team, the number of caps earned and goals scored in all international matches, and details of the first and most recent matches played in. The names are initially ordered by number of caps (in descending order), then by date of debut, then by alphabetical order. All statistics are correct up to 18 November 2019.
Key
Player
This colour background and the * symbol indicate that the player was active at club level as at the date specified above.
Position
Playing positions are listed according to the tactical formations that were employed at the time. Thus the change in the names of defensive and midfield positions reflects the tactical evolution that occurred from the 1960s onwards.
Caps and goals
Caps and goals comprise those in the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship, their associated qualification matches and international friendly tournaments and matches.
Players | 877f04a8-2e6b-416a-a453-0352748a4fa2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_High_School"} | Public high school in Thomson, Georgia, United States
Thomson High School is a public high school located in Thomson, Georgia, United States. It is the only high school in the McDuffie County School District.
Demographics
Notable alumni | 7229fd04-b5e0-406a-bd12-ece78cd73f26 |
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