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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MX-1_Kalakian"} | Armoured Fighting Vehicle
The MX-1 is a Philippine Armored personnel carrier (APC) developed by Steelcraft Industrial & Development Corporation.[when?]
Development
The MX-1 is a fire support vehicle developed by Steelcraft Industrial & Development Corporation in the Philippines. Its development is derived from the Hari-Digma APC also designed by Steelcraft. It is the second of the four vehicles developed by Steelcraft.
Armament
Being a fire support vehicle, the MX-1 needed to have adequate firepower, so Steelcraft designed a unique Three-Weapon Turret System and a rear cupola for the MX-1's use. The Three-Weapon Turret System consists of a .50 cal machine gun, a 7.62mm multipurpose MG and a 40mm Automatic Grenade Launcher for extra punch. The rear cupola houses another 7.62mm multipurpose machine gun for rear coverage. This gives the MX-1 four weapons to bring against different types of targets, giving it flexibility in various engagements.
Armor
Information has not been released by the Philippine government.
Engine
The MX-1 uses a Cummins diesel in-line 6-cylinder engine. The engine produces 250 hp (190 kW) and gives the MX-1 a maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph). The Cummins engine was chosen for its robustness and reliability, both very important in the jungle terrain of the Philippines.
Deployment capability
The MX-1 has two side doors and one rear door for fast deployment. Tested against the one-doored Simba (APC), results showed 150% faster deployment time on exiting the vehicle. This rapid deployment was promoted as one of the strengths of the MX-1.
Variants
Related development
Users
Philippine Army- One prototype only. Never entered service. | 575bb1f6-4874-43d8-bd30-ed9c1c22bac5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertius_Zongo"} | Tertius Zongo (born 18 May 1957) was the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from June 2007 to April 2011.
Biography
Zongo was born in Koudougou. He has an extensive background in economics and accounting. He became Minister Delegate for Budget and Planning, under the Minister of the Economy, Finances, and Planning, in June 1995. In February 1996 he became Government Spokesman in addition to his role as Minister Delegate, and he remained Government Spokesman until November 2000. His portfolio was changed to that of Minister Delegate for Finance and Economic Development, under the Prime Minister, in September 1996; he was subsequently promoted to the post of Minister of the Economy and Finance on 10 June 1997. He remained in the latter position until November 2000. On 14 February 2002 he became Ambassador to the United States, serving in that post until he was named Prime Minister in June 2007.
Zongo also served as governor for Burkina Faso to the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the African Development Bank and the Islamic Bank of Development. In 1992, he worked as director general of Cooperation at the Ministry of Finances and Planning and as chief of the Department of Multilateral Cooperation from 1988 to 1992. He has also been a professor of accounting, business economy and financial analysis at the University of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Zongo holds a master's degree in economic sciences from the Institut d'Administration des Entreprises in France.
Prime Minister
Following the May 2007 parliamentary election, Zongo was appointed Prime Minister by President Blaise Compaore on 4 June 2007. His government, composed of 34 members, was appointed on 10 June; its 34 members (excluding Zongo himself) included two ministers of state, 26 ministers, and six minister-delegates. Zongo took office as Prime Minister on 11 June, succeeding Paramanga Ernest Yonli.
Amidst serious unrest, Compaore appointed Luc-Adolphe Tiao to replace Zongo on 18 April 2011. Zongo was subsequently appointed to the Board of Directors of SEMAFO, a Canadian mining company with operations in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, in May 2012. | fdf69236-3286-48b0-91a8-36edd8877ffb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosasia"} | Extinct genus of turtles
Rosasia is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Argilas de Aveiro Formation of Portugal. The genus consists of a single species, R. soutoi, named after Alberto Souto. | ecd62ca9-4d25-45c1-8bfe-689b1e7d2dc5 |
null | Chinese sailor
Shen Xiaoying (born 2 March 1983) is a Chinese sailor who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics. | fe2d3fd3-3c25-41a1-8781-7fb9f9149c21 |
null | Scottish footballer
John McMenemy (9 February 1908 – 5 February 1983) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Celtic, Motherwell, Partick Thistle, St Mirren and Scotland.
Career
Club
Born in Glasgow, McMenemy played as an inside-right. He began his career with local Junior club St Roch's before signing for Celtic in 1925, aged 17. He remained a squad player during his three seasons with the club, making 15 league appearances. He played only one match in the Scottish Cup: the final of the 1926–27 edition, which his team won with a 3–1 victory over East Fife.
In 1928, McMenemy moved to fellow top-tier club Motherwell where he became an important member of the side in the most prominent period of their history under manager 'Sailor' Hunter. They finished third in the league in 1929 (albeit a huge margin behind Rangers), narrowed the gap to five points as runners-up in 1930, and to four in third place in 1931. In the 1931 Scottish Cup McMenemy played in another final, but Motherwell lost to his former club Celtic in a replay, having conceded a last-minute equaliser in the first match at Hampden Park despite leading by two goals (one by McMenemy).
The following season, 1931–32, saw Motherwell become league champions for the first and only time. In 1932–33 the Steelmen came close to success again, but finished second in the league and once more were defeated by Celtic in the Scottish Cup Final. They finished just behind champions Rangers and reached the Scottish Cup semi-finals in 1934, but had now peaked as a group, dropping down to seventh place the next season.
It is also worth noting that McMenemy's primary role was as a creator, and that the Motherwell centre forward Willie MacFadyen scored a huge number of league goals (194, including 52 in the title-winning campaign) during five consecutive seasons they played alongside one another.
in 1936 McMenemy, now aged 28, departed from Fir Park, signing for Partick Thistle for a fee of £1,000. In January 1938 he moved again within the Greater Glasgow area to play with St Mirren, being released in May 1939 after making 11 appearances for the Paisley club.
International
McMenemy received one cap for Scotland (replacing his brother who had pulled out of the squad due to injury), a 3–2 loss to Wales in Cardiff. He also appeared three times for the Scottish League XI, all during his spell with Motherwell.
Personal life
John was the son of Celtic player Jimmy (winner of the Scottish Football League championship and the Scottish Cup several times each, the last in 1921) and the elder brother of Harry (winner of the FA Cup with Newcastle United in 1932) who both also played in the inside forward position. Another brother, Joe, featured for Strathclyde Juniors in the 1930s. They are distantly related to Lawrie McMenemy.
In 2016, his Motherwell championship medal was auctioned with the winning bidder loaning the item back to the club for display. | 226cdbbf-3240-4d90-894a-79408aae96b1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Brother_(Slovenian_season_1)"} | Season of television series
Big Brother is a reality show shown on Kanal A in which a number of contestants live in an isolated house trying to avoid being evicted by the public with the aim of winning a large cash prize at the end of the run. It is based on the international Big Brother format produced by Endemol. It first aired on March 17, 2007.
The first Slovenian season of Big Brother ran 85 days, started on March 17, 2007 and ended on June 9, 2007. The host of the show is Nina Osenar. The prize is 75,000 Euro.
Housemates
In the first season, there are 12 original housemates. At later stages, 6 new housemates entered the house. Andrej the Australian and Janez's brother is the winner. Here are all the participants:
First Batch
The following housemates entered on Day 1. In parentheses were their ages as of the time they stayed in the house.
Second Batch
The following housemates entered on Day 8. In parentheses were their ages as of the time they stayed in the house.
Third Batch
The following housemates entered on Day 21. In parentheses were their ages as of the time they stayed in the house.
Fourth Batch
The following housemates entered on Day 49. In parentheses were their ages as of the time they stayed in the house.
Big Brother Swap
The official website announced on Day 27 (April 12, 2007) that one Philippine housemate would trade places with a housemate from the Slovenian version. Days later, Tina was chosen to swap with Bruce.
Promotion ads for this event likened this to an alien abduction because the Philippine housemates were not aware that Bruce will trade places with Tina, a foreigner, until Tina entered the Philippine House. On the other hand, the Slovenian housemates already knew of the Swap and prepared for this event, which was expected to be a cultural exchange of sorts for both sides. The swap took place starting Day 36 (April 21) and ended on Day 41 (April 26), when the swapped housemates returned to their respective Houses.
Tina Semolic, a 22-year-old former beauty queen, was chosen by the Philippine version's staff because of her personality "would fit well" with the Filipino housemates, as well as being nice and not too aggressive. On the other hand, Bruce was chosen by the Slovenian staff because of his physique and his "very Filipino" characteristics that would stir up competition among the men there.
To let Filipino viewers know about Bruce's situation in the Slovenian House, some footage from the Slovenian version related to Bruce was also shown, aside from the events inside the Philippine House. English conversations recorded on both Houses were subtitled into Filipino, while any Slovenian conversation and comment was dubbed over by Filipino voice actors to let the Filipino viewers understand better.
Below is a list of activities each swapped housemate did in their respective host country's Houses, aside from introductions and trading of basic phrases:
While Tina left the Philippines without much incident, Bruce left Slovenia with controversy brewing up behind him. Slovenian housemates Miha and Pero made inappropriate remarks about Bruce — remarks that did not sit well with both Big Brother and the viewers there. Because of that and Pero's "plan" of "stabbing Big Brother," Big Brother removed Pero from the Slovenian House and then added Miha to the list of nominees for eviction, which already included Jasmina and Sonja.
Tina was later evicted on Day 63 of the Slovenian version, about five weeks after the swap.
On Day 125 of the Philippine version, Tina returned to the Pinoy Big Brother house to have a celebratory dinner with the Big 4, Bea, Gee-Ann, Mickey and Wendy. She left the house the same night and participated in the Finale, where she danced various Philippine dances and took part in the awarding ceremony for the Big 4.
Nomination Table | d521c73e-fbe3-4477-bed8-940ce9f3f40b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Fight_Is_Our_Fight"} | This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class is a 2017 book by American Democratic politician Elizabeth Warren. An audiobook read by Warren herself was published through Macmillan Audio (ISBN 978-1427291875). | 5af027a4-6cea-4a7a-bc6a-30a954cdb429 |
null | Horse race
The Advance Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually from 1899 through 1910 at the Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Brooklyn, New York. An important race open to horses age three and older, it was raced on dirt. The final running took place on June 27, 1910 and was won by Ballot for the second time.
Historical notes
A race which regularly attracted many of the best horses of the day, it was won by such stars as future Hall of Fame inductees Imp and Peter Pan, the 1902 Champion Gold Heels, the 1903 Champion Africander whose six top wins that year included the Belmont Stakes, Suburban Handicap, Saratoga Cup, Lawrence Realization Stakes, and the winner of the 1905 Kentucky Derby and Tennessee Derby Agile.
In 1904, Irish Lad set a world record for a mile and three furlongs on dirt in winning the Advance Stakes and in 1908 Ballot set a new world record for a mile and five sixteenths on dirt.
The End of a Race and of a Racetrack
On June 11, 1908, the Republican controlled New York Legislature under Governor Charles Evans Hughes passed the Hart–Agnew anti-betting legislation. The owners of Sheepshead Bay Race Track, and other racing facilities in New York State, struggled to stay in business without income from betting. Racetrack operators had no choice but to drastically reduce the purse money being paid out which resulted in the Advance Stakes offering a purse in 1909 that was less than one-fifth of what it had been in earlier years. These small purses made horse racing unprofitable and impossible for even the most successful horse owners to continue in business.
In spite of strong opposition by prominent owners such as August Belmont Jr. and Harry Payne Whitney, reform legislators were not happy when they learned that betting was still going on at racetracks between individuals and they had further restrictive legislation passed by the New York Legislature in 1910. The Agnew–Perkins Law, a series of four bills and recorded as the Executive Liability Act, made it possible for racetrack owners and members of its board of directors to be fined and imprisoned if anyone was found betting, even privately, anywhere on their premises. After a 1911 amendment to the law that would limit the liability of owners and directors was defeated in the Legislature, every racetrack in New York State shut down. As a result, the Advance Stakes was not run in 1911 and 1912.
Owners, whose horses of racing age had nowhere to go, began sending them, their trainers and their jockeys to race in England and France. Many horses ended their racing careers there and a number remained to become an important part of the European horse breeding industry. Thoroughbred Times reported that more than 1,500 American horses were sent overseas between 1908 and 1913 and of them at least 24 were either past, present, or future Champions. A February 21, 1913 ruling by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division saw horse racing return in 1913. However, it was too late for the Sheepshead Bay horse racing facility and it never reopened.
Records
Most wins:
Most wins by a jockey:
Most wins by a trainer:
Most wins by an owner:
Winners | 5feb814f-b029-482e-a5d5-3cb7abc9f1e0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_P%C3%A9"} | Belgian comics artist
Frank Pé, often signing solely as Frank (15 July 1956) is a Belgian comic book artist, best known for Broussaille and Zoo.
Biography
Frank Pé was born in Ixelles in 1956. After studying sculpture for three years at the Institut Saint-Luc in Brussels (with costudents like Bernard Hislaire), he began to create comics and illustrations for Spirou magazine, specializing in articles about animals. The fictional presenter of these stories, an adolescent named Broussaille, later got his own series, putting Frank in the limelight.
In the meantime, he also created L'élan, a moose whose aim in life is to have his own comic and his own albums. His first album was the one-shot Comme un animal en cage (Like an Animal in a Cage), written by Thierry Martens, then editor-in-chief at Spirou. Since 1994, he has worked on his two main series: Zoo, planned as a trilogy, and Broussaille. Zoo is a romantic and nostalgic series, while Broussaille is contemporary, allowing the author to intertwine it with his own life – featuring adventures in Brussels and in countries he has visited, such as Japan.
Frank is a slow worker, having only published 10 albums in 22 years. Over that time he has also contributed to the Warner Bros. Animation movie Quest for Camelot, but not much of his work was kept in the final film. He also makes sculptures in bronze, and has produced many illustrations for Scouting calendars. In 1993, he developed the series Matur for Kodansha.
As his main influences, he cites comics artists like André Franquin, Dany and Wasterlain, but also different artists like the sculptor Auguste Rodin, the painter Egon Schiele, and the film director Andrei Tarkovsky. Apart from art and comics, his main interest is animals. He has raised 50 reptiles, including 16 crocodiles.
Bibliography
He also contributed illustrations to Entre Chats, a 1989 book with other drawings by André Franquin, René Hausman, André Juillard and Max Cabanès, published by Delcourt.
Awards
In 1991, a mural painting of Broussaille was unveiled in Brussels. It was the first in a long series of now over 30 murals celebrating comic heroes in the city.
Sources | efb87e6c-897a-4626-806c-44feda7f5920 |
null | The Group of Eight (also known by its Spanish name Grupo de los Ocho) was a group of Spanish composers and musicologists, including Jesús Bal y Gay, Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo, Juan José Mantecón, Julián Bautista, Fernando Remacha, Rosa García Ascot, Salvador Bacarisse and Gustavo Pittaluga. The group, loosely modelled on Les Six and The Five (similar nationalist coalitions of composers), was formed in 1930 to oppose musical conservatism in Spain. Its members, who were closely allied to the literary movement Generation of '27, met in Madrid's Residencia de Estudiantes to perform avant-garde works and discuss the aesthetics of music. The group came to an end with the Spanish Civil War and the ensuing Francoist State when most of its members left Madrid or went into exile abroad. | c5a59f9f-9f64-4789-91ef-1c4a3ae7b09b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille"} | Auberge in Valletta, Malta
The Auberge de Castille (Maltese: Berġa ta' Kastilja) is an auberge in Valletta, Malta. The auberge is located at Castile Place, close to Saint James Cavalier, the Malta Stock Exchange, and the Upper Barrakka Gardens. It sits at the highest point of Valletta and overlooks Floriana and the Grand Harbour area.
Built in the Baroque style under the magistracy of Manuel Pinto da Fonseca in the 1740s, it replaced a 1574 building erected to house knights of the Order of Saint John from the langue of Castile, León and Portugal.
History
Hospitaller rule
Auberge de Castille was built in 1573–74 to designs of the architect Girolamo Cassar. The original auberge, which took over the role of an earlier Auberge de Castille et Portugal in the former capital Birgu, was built in the Mannerist style, and it was regarded as Cassar's most innovative design. The auberge had a single storey, and its façade had panelled pilasters dividing it into 11 bays. The design of the auberge is known from a late 17th-century painting and an early 18th-century drawing.
The original Auberge de Castille was dismantled and completely rebuilt in the Spanish Baroque style between 1741 and 1744, during the magistracy of Grand Master Manuel Pinto da Fonseca. The new building was built to designs of Andrea Belli, and construction was supervised by capomastro Domenico Cachia. Some alterations, including the enlargement of the main door, were made in 1791.
French occupation and British rule
The Order of St. John was expelled from Malta with the French invasion and occupation in 1798. The auberge subsequently became a headquarters for the French forces, and it later housed a Commission for National Property. The building suffered some damage during the blockade of 1798–1800.
In 1800, the British occupied Malta, creating the Malta Protectorate in September of that year. This protectorate was officially ruled by the Kingdom of Sicily, but was in reality part of the British Empire. In 1805, the auberge became the headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Malta. In 1813, Malta officially came under British rule as the Crown Colony of Malta within the British Empire. The auberge was also used as a residence for British officers. In 1814, a disabled contingent from the army of Egypt was accommodated in the auberge. A Protestant chapel was opened in one of the rooms of the first floor in 1840. A signalling station with a large aerial was installed on the roof in 1889 to communicate with warships of the Mediterranean Fleet moored in the Grand Harbour. It was known as the Castille Tower.
The then Princess Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth II, worked with the Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen Families Association (SSAFA) when it was housed at Auberge de Castile.
In 1942, during the Second World War, the right side of the building was damaged by aerial bombardment. The damaged parts were later repaired, and the aerial was removed. The auberge was also used as the General Headquarters of the Army for Malta and Libya, and also for Cyprus after 1954.
Independent Malta
Malta became an independent country as the State of Malta, with Queen Elizabeth II reigning as Queen of Malta, in September 1964. The country became a republic, as the Republic of Malta, in December 1974. On 4 March 1972, the Office of the Prime Minister of Malta moved from Auberge d'Aragon to Auberge de Castille. The Prime Minister leads the business of the government from the auberge, and the name Castille (or Kastilja in Maltese) is often used as a metonym to refer to the Prime Minister and his office.
Over the years, some of the stonework began to crumble and the façades were blackened. The building was restored between 2009 and 2014.
The building was included on the Antiquities List of 1925 together with the other auberges in Valletta. It is now scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority, and it is also listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.
Architecture
Auberge de Castille is built in the Baroque style, and it is a two-storey building with a rectangular plan and a central courtyard. Its façade is divided into eleven bays defined by pilasters in the central bays or plain panelling in the outer bays. Ornate windows are set within recessed panels. The building has a continuous cornice, and its corners are rusticated.
The main entrance is approached by a flight of steps, and the doorway is flanked by columns which support a trophy of arms and a bronze bust of Grand Master Manuel Pinto da Fonseca. A moulded window is located above the bust, and it is surmounted by Pinto's coat of arms. The centrepiece above the window bears the coats of arms of Castile and León and of Portugal. Just in front of the entrance are two historic canons, now used for decoration.
The auberge has been called "probably the finest building in Malta". Both the exterior and the interior, especially the ornate façade and the steps leading to the doorway, were designed to be imposing.
Auberge de Castille is linked to Auberge d'Italie across Merchants Street through a World War II-era underground air-raid shelter.
Commemorative coins
Auberge de Castille was depicted on two commemorative coins minted in 2008 by the Central Bank of Malta. The coins show the auberge's portico on the reverse and the coat of arms of Malta on the obverse. | 8f1e89eb-4271-41d2-9ca9-7aae418cc967 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Pujol"} | Ernesto Pujol is a site-specific performance artist, social choreographer, and educator with an interdisciplinary practice. Pujol was born in 1957 in Havana, Cuba and spent time in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain, before moving to the United States in 1979. He has lived and worked in New York since 1984. Pujol engaged in interdisciplinary pursuits, such as psychology and literature, while doing undergraduate work in humanities and visual arts at the University of Puerto Rico, in Spanish art history at the Universidad Complutense in Spain and in philosophy at St. John Vianney College Seminary in Florida. He pursued graduate work in education at the Universidad Interamericana in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in art therapy at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, and in communications and media theory at Hunter College in New York City. Pujol received his MFA in interdisciplinary art practice from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Pujol first became known during the 1990s for a series of site-specific installation projects that dealt with whiteness, masculinity, collective and individual memory, loss and mourning. His more recent performance work deals with subjects such as war, the environment, and consciousness, influenced by Zen Buddhism. Since 2000, Pujol has been exploring interiority in public and private spaces. He strives to reclaim public space from distractions through durational group performances in order to create space for silent reflection as critical to democracy. The artist seeks to awaken consciousness among viewers through the creation of such spaces. The writings of Carol Becker have served as a source of inspiration for Pujol with notions of citizenship, such as the artist as citizen and the citizenship of art within American democracy. He has also worked extensively with curator Mary Jane Jacob in Charleston and with curator Saralyn Reece Hardy at the Spencer Museum of Art in Lawrence and the Salina Arts Center in Kansas.
In 2008, Pujol did a series of performances titled Inheriting Salt and began making sculptures out the footprints he produced during the performances. Desert Walk, in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, is such a sculpture. Two of his largest scale projects to date took place in Salt Lake City, Utah (Awaiting, 2009) and in Honolulu, Hawaii (Speaking in Silence, 2010). The artist has worked extensively with a variety of media, including installation, photography, and performance.
Ernesto Pujol represented the United States in 1997 at the Second Johannesburg Biennial in South Africa, the Sixth Havana Biennial in Cuba and the Second Saaremaa Biennial in Estonia. He has also received a number of fellowships from institutions such as the Pollock-Krasner Foundation, the Joan Mitchell Foundation, the Mid Atlantic Arts Foundation, Art Matters, and the New York Foundation for the Arts. Pujol has also been an active participant with a number of arts institutions serving with the Academy for Educational Development, the National Endowment for the Arts and the New York State Council on the Arts. | 81fe000e-8667-400a-94ad-127c9be56693 |
null | Taline and Friends, is an American-Armenian group, best known for his children's music. It includes Taline Bessos and her friends, Tzagratzoo, Napik, and Peeso. Alex Bessos is the songwriter, producer and CEO of the group. The most popular Taline songs include “Im Kntag”, “Tzkneeg” and “Peesoee Bar”.
They have played a major role in developing Armenian language skills for children worldwide since the early 1990s.
History
The founders and creators of Taline and Friends are Taline and Alex Bessos. In 1993 Taline, who has a BA degree in Early Childhood Education, and Alex rented a small studio and released their first CD called “Hink Pokrig Tatigner” which included traditional Armenian songs from their childhood and original ones. In 1994 they issued their second CD. Taline and Friends started to gain more popularity when they produced their first DVD “Let’s Sing & Dance”. They had their first paid concert in 2003 in New Jersey. They presented their first Armenian Children’s Christmas Concert in 2003 at the Alex Theatre in Glendale. Their first international performance took place in 2004 in Canada. Since then, they have have performed in 12 countries including Argentina, Armenia, Artsakh, Australia, Cyprus, France, Kuwait, Lebanon, the United Kingdom, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Uruguay.
Now their discography consists of 5 DVDs and 9 CDs. Taline and Friend's in-studio productions include lessons on different topics, including animals, the Armenian alphabet, and being Armenian. On a daily basis their YouTube videos get over 20,000 views. | 5b3a8189-a406-4270-b801-da101a910690 |
null | Welsh screenwriter and editor
Helen Raynor (born March 1972) is a Welsh television screenwriter and script editor from Swansea. She is best known for her work on the relaunched BBC science fiction series Doctor Who. She previously worked as a theatre director. Besides television episodes, Raynor has written theatrical plays, radio plays, and short stories.
Early life
Raynor was born in Swansea and attended Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Her initial career was in the theatre, where she worked for eight years as a director and assistant director for the Bush Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company, Clwyd Theatr Cymru, the Royal Opera House, English Touring Opera and Opera North. Her RSC Fringe production of Soho by Rebecca Lenkiewicz won a Fringe First at the 2000 Edinburgh Festival.
She also wrote Cake, a fifteen-minute television short for BBC One's Brief Encounters strand shown in May 2006, and for radio, a sixty-minute play Running Away with the Hairdresser for BBC Radio 4, broadcast in June 2005. For the theatre she has written Waterloo Exit Two, a short play presented as part of Paines Plough's Wild Lunch season at the Young Vic in 2003, and contributed to Cardiff based Dirty Protest's series of rehearsed readings.
Career
Switching to television, from 2002 to 2004 she was a script editor on BBC One's daytime medical soap opera Doctors. Raynor's TV writing career would take off when she was working as a script editor on Doctor Who. In addition to her production duties for the show, Raynor wrote the two-part story "Daleks in Manhattan"/"Evolution of the Daleks" for the third series of Doctor Who, in which the Daleks invade New York City in 1930. She was the first woman to write for the new series, as well as the first woman to write a Dalek story in Doctor Who's history. She then wrote another two-part story for Series 4, entitled "The Sontaran Stratagem"/"The Poison Sky" in which the Doctor's old enemies the Sontarans, last seen in 1985's "The Two Doctors", make their re-imagined return. UNIT and Martha Jones also returned in these episodes. She also continued her script editing duties in the same series, working on the Steven Moffat two-part story "Silence in the Library"/"Forest of the Dead" and Russell T Davies' "Midnight".
Outside broadcasting, she has written for Doctor Who Magazine and compiled the script book of the 2005 season of Doctor Who for BBC Books. She also provides an audio commentary for the Doctor Who episode "World War Three" in the 2005 season DVD boxset, released in November 2005. She later provided a second audio commentaries for the series two episode "School Reunion" and series three's "Daleks in Manhattan". Raynor also contributed the story "All of Beyond" to the Doctor Who short story collection Short Trips: Snapshots, published in June 2007. This was her first professionally published work of prose.
Raynor wrote two episodes for Torchwood, "Ghost Machine" for series 1, and "To the Last Man" for series 2. Both make extensive use of locations in the city of Cardiff where she lives.
Raynor, with her partner Gary Owen, co-created and wrote Baker Boys, a BBC Wales drama about a recession-hit small town in the south Wales Valleys. Baker Boys ran for two series in 2011/2012. Russell T. Davies acted as creative consultant, and the show starred Eve Myles, Matthew Gravelle, Mark Lewis Jones, Amy Morgan, Steven Meo, Boyd Clack and Cara Readle. In 2015 she was lead writer on ITV's period drama Mr Selfridge, starring Jeremy Piven, after joining the writers' room for series 3 in 2014. In 2020 she wrote an episode of Call the Midwife.
Footnotes | d47bdc75-ee1d-4ccd-af2a-6de6090e5b11 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia_(Madrid_Metro)"} | Madrid Metro station
Colombia is a station on Line 8 and Line 9 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone A. | d47167c8-f6e7-4c1b-901f-b207567efad1 |
null | Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India
Kalwakurthy Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of four constituencies in Nagarkurnool district and one of the eight constituencies in Ranga Reddy district. It is part of Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency.
Gurka Jaipal Yadav of Telangana Rashtra Samithi won the seat with majority of 3447 in the 2018 Assembly election.
NT Rama Rao, founder of the Telugu Desam Party, lost from this constituency when he was defeated by Chittaranjan Das of Congress in 1989 elections.
Mandals
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following mandals:
Members of Legislative Assembly
Election results
Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018
Election results
Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014
Kalwakurthy Assembly Election (1989) | d2bcdde2-5d81-44cd-a6ee-2541fc7552f5 |
null | Robert Murray Pendrigh (September 5, 1897 – January 18, 1978) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as member of the Progressive Conservative party from 1960 to 1963. | e226ece0-b324-4c44-9e11-b1984227def9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palea_Kameni"} | Island
Palea Kameni, also known as Palia Kameni, is a volcanic island within the Santorini Caldera. The island was formed by a series of volcanic eruptions that formed large deposits of pumice and dacite. The island's name translates to "Old Burnt Island". This Island is in the west of the Greek coast and is private territorium. It wasn't inhabited for 15000 years until it was bought in 1899 and sold in 1975. It is available for tourists though. The owners build various hotels and made multiple beaches public.
History
Palea Kameni was formed by a series of eruptions between 197 BCE and 47 CE. The appearance of the island was first noted in the journal of Roman scientist Cassius Dio, who wrote "This year [47 CE] a small islet, hitherto unknown, made an appearance close to the island of Thera." The island was gradually built up by further volcanic activity, though outright eruptions ceased by the end of the 1st century CE. No signs of activity were reported on the island until 726, when the island suffered an explosive eruption of pumice. Volcanic activity then ceased again until the 1500s, when the development of Palea's sister island Nea Kameni caused increased volcanic activity to be reported. Other ancient authors note that it arose from the sea in 197 BCE and was given the name Hiera (Ancient Greek: Ἱερά), a name frequently given in antiquity to volcanic mountains. This fact is stated by Eusebius, Justin, Strabo, and Plutarch. It is related by Strabo that flames burst out of the sea for four days, and that an island was formed 12 stadia or 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in circumference.
The island lies to the southwest of Nea Kameni. Though the island is for the most part uninhabited, several structures (including a small church) are located on the island. Due to a lack of good harbors, most recreational watercraft do not stop at the island, though tourists can swim to the island from nearby Nea Kameni. Like the larger island to its east, Palea Kameni is sparsely vegetated with succulent plants. A herd of goats is present on the island, as is a single inhabitant, Sostice Arvanitis. The island also contains a hot spring. | 67d1b8e5-cf56-4875-bf15-9ead31ef0f3f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonius_kickeli"} | Species of beetle
Orthogonius kickeli is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by H.Kolbe in 1896. | 37cd1d4b-7b05-4072-89ee-5a53f7f68ade |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazyr"} | Place in Gomel Region, Belarus
Mazyr (Belarusian: Мазыр, pronounced [maˈzɨr]; Russian: Мозырь, romanized: Mozyr', pronounced [ˈmozɨrʲ]; Polish: Mozyrz; Yiddish: מאזיר) is a city in the Gomel Region of Belarus on the Pripyat River about 210 kilometres (130 miles) east of Pinsk and 100 kilometres (62 miles) northwest of Chernobyl. It is located at approximately 52°03′N 29°15′E / 52.050°N 29.250°E / 52.050; 29.250. The population is 111,770 (2004 estimate). The total urban area, including the town of Kalinkavichy across the river, has a population of 150,000. Mazyr is known as a center of oil refining, salt extraction, machine building, and food processing in Belarus. It is home to one of the largest oil refineries in Belarus, pumping out 18 million metric tons per year, and is served by a tram line. The Druzhba pipeline carries crude oil from Russia, splitting in two at Mazyr. One pipeline branch is directed into Poland and the other one to Ukraine.
Jewish community
Jews were first mentioned in chronicles in the second half of the 17th century. It is known that there were three synagogues in the city as of 1856. R. Kugel, a prominent Jewish community figure, had been the chief Rabbi of Mazyr since 1861. He was also the head of the local Jewish literacy school.
During this period Jews were mostly engaged in craftsmanship and trading. Part of Mazyr's industry, the match factory and the wood sawing factory were owned by Jews.
There were eight active synagogues, a yeshiva, Jewish school and Talmud-Torah school in the wake of the 20th century. All of the facilities had been closed down by 1939.
Thousands of Jews were executed by the Nazis in the local ghetto during World War II. After the mass execution, almost no Jews remained in the city, whereas before the war 30% of the population within the city was Jewish. On August 31, 1941, hundreds of Jews gathered inside a house at Malo-Pushkin street. They poured kerosene on the building walls and set it alight, while the people huddled inside. The mass suicide was an attempt to escape execution by the Nazis. The incident is known as the "Belarusian Masada".
After the war some Jews returned to Mazyr. Although they refused to take back the partially-destroyed synagogue building, an official Jewish community was registered in 1946. A few years later, authorities denied the organization's right to exist. The community organization was re-established officially in 1989, when a revival began in the city. A synagogue and a Jewish culture club were opened.
Places of interest
• A monument for Jews at the place of a mass grave • A monument composed of black polished granite, commemorating the aforementioned "Belarusian Masada" • A monument placed at the point of mass executions • The Mazyr Castle, dating back to 16th century • The Pkhov river port, the biggest port of Belarus
Population
Transport
Mazyr has a tram service, which commenced operation on 1 August 1988. The line starts at the tram depot and terminates at the oil refinery, with four turning loops located along the route. It is designed to server Mazyr Oil Refinery (MNPZ) and is owned by the refinery. Services on the tram line are coordinated with shifts at the refinery; service throughout the day is every 25-95 minutes while during the peaks it is 3-12 minutes, though those services pass suburban stops without stopping. Most passengers are workers, though it also serves residents living near the line. The total length of the line is 20.3 km, with a full trip time of 40 minutes. The line has a high-speed layout, with radius of minimum 400 meters. There were plans for a second tram line, but this has not come to fruition. The rolling stock is mainly 71-605 and its derivative vehicles. VD Bolshoi Bokov airfield is located 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Mazyr and was used by Russian military aircraft during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Educational Centers
Twin towns – sister cities
Mazyr is twinned with:
Notable residents | 294ff762-ac89-4c05-af93-874ffac1e118 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Am%C3%A9rica_da_Colina"} | Municipality in Southern, Brazil
Nova América da Colina is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. | 0fd7a4ac-e34f-473c-b550-ca7327aae29f |
null | Laki Shah Saddar railway station (Urdu: لکی شاہ صدر ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: لڪي شاہ صدر ریلوي اسٽیشن) is located in Pakistan. Its old name was 'Tirath Laki'.
Laki Shah Saddar is a small town situated on the right bank of the Indus River, beautifully walled by the Kirthar Mountains range on the west side. This small town has two ways of connections to the rest of country; Indus Highway and single track Pakistan Railways. There is a government rest house near the station.
Other prominent feature of this town is its largely spread area of cemetery, some sources claim that Laki Shah Saddar graveyard is the second largest cemetery in Pakistan after Makli graveyard (Makli Necropolis) in Thatta district, Sindh. The Laki Shah Saddar cemetery buries people from pre-historic dynasties to modern age common people of adjacent areas. It is worth to note that many of the graves and tombs existing here are a real piece of art, but having no recorded history, even no serious effort is so far made to research and explore hidden dimensions of the cemetery. A big number of religious figures are also laid to rest in this cemetery. The most prominent is Shah Saddarudin, he came to South Asia in order to avoid the persecution by Abbasids rulers in old Iraq. He is believed to be a person from 8th generation of Imam Musa Kazim, the 7th Imam according to Shia sect of Islam. Shah Saddar"s shrine is a famous place for many people of Pakistan who regularly come there to pay their respect and prayers..
Historically, Laki Shah Saddar has rich culture and history of having sound and viable past in terms of trade and commerce. Like many other cities and towns in Pakistan, Laki Shah Saddar was a very open and secular town before the partition of British India in Pakistan and India in 1947. Even today there are many pre-partition buildings which speak volumes of one of the most organised and civilized community living in Laki Shah Saddar before the partition. | b6a07618-6946-4536-ad28-dae4f7d174a5 |
null | Nicholas Archdale may refer to: | 29b59a41-9a05-4bbd-8f60-ad27f8902263 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivas_University_of_Science_and_Technology"} | Public university in Sivas, Turkey
Sivas University of Science and Technology (Turkish: Sivas Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi) is a public university in Sivas, Turkey. It was founded on 18 May 2018 as the second public university in Sivas Province. Sivas University of Science and Technology (SUST) is providing education in technical sciences with the aim of educating students who will contribute to science and technology with a focus on research activities.
History
SUST was founded as an independent university on 18 May 2018. On Dec 12, 2018, SUST's first rector was appointed. It opened for the spring term of 2019–2020. As of 2020, the university has a total of 682 staff, 300 of which are academic and 382 are administrative.
During the development phase of the university, as a result of the meetings held with industry leaders and Council of Higher Education, it was decided that the university would focus on education programs that would support the defense industry of Turkey.
In 2019, the Sivas School of Vocational Studies was founded offering programs such as an aircraft Technology associate degree program to train a qualified work force for the defense industry organizations in Turkey.
In 2020, with the protocol signed between Sivas Cumhuriyet University (SCÜ) and SUST, a 10 percent share of Cumhuriyet Technopolis were transferred to SUST.
Campus
The Sivas University Science and Technology University main campus will be built at the Kurt Deresi location, Sivas in an area of 455 thousand square meters. The project of the campus has been completed and construction is scheduled to start in 2021. | 9cc0b5a2-541c-4a04-8ff5-5f81588e6617 |
null | United States historic place
The Kirkwood School, at 138 Kirkwood Rd. in the DeKalb County portion of Atlanta, Georgia, is a school complex which served as a school until 1996, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. The listing included four contributing buildings on 2.9 acres (1.2 ha). It has also been known as Kirkwood Elementary School. It is included in the Kirkwood Historic District.
The original school, built in 1906, was designed by architects Bruce, Everett and Hayes. The largest building in the campus is the main school building (1922) which was expanded in 1924 and 1928. The campus also includes a cafeteria building (1950), and a library building (1964).
The main Kirkwood school building is a two-story, H-shaped building with Colonial Revival style, designed by John F. Downing and completed in 1922.
The 1928 expansion added eight classrooms to the north side of the main building, and was designed by G. Lloyd Preacher. It continued the main building's "double-loaded corridor with flanking classrooms" in compatible Colonial Revival style.
Desegregation of the school began in 1965. All eighteen teachers and nearly all of the 500 white students transferred out. In 1967 the Kirkwood neighborhood area became predominantly African American. | eaa82736-709c-4768-b992-335c37cb04fa |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Wye_Gorge"} | Upper Wye Gorge is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), noted for its biological and geological characteristics, around Symonds Yat in the Wye Valley on the Wales–England border. The site is listed in the 'Forest of Dean Local Plan Review' as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).
Geography
The 245.1-hectare (606-acre) SSSI, of which 192 hectares (470 acres) are in England and 53.1 hectares (131 acres) are in Wales, notified in 1969, is located 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north east of the town of Monmouth. It lies within the civil parishes of Goodrich and Whitchurch in Herefordshire, English Bicknor in Gloucestershire and within the community of Monmouth in Monmouthshire.
The majority of the site is owned and managed by the Forestry Commission, with part of it owned and managed as a nature reserve by the Herefordshire Nature Trust. It contains part of Lady Park Wood, a national nature reserve in Wales (NNR), as well as King Arthur's Cave. Part of Lady Park Wood NNR is in England (Gloucestershire) and a larger part is in Wales.
The SSSI falls within the Wye Valley Woodlands/ Coetiroedd Dyffryn Gwy Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the EU Habitats Directive.
Geology
The gorge is formed out of Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous Limestone, on top of which are a large variety of soils. These soils are mostly alkaline, but there are areas which have acidic surface layers.
A series of caves (including King Arthur's Cave) on the northern, English, side of the gorge is of great importance for their Pleistocene mammal remains. The oldest deposits include those from lion, red deer, reindeer, spotted hyena, woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros. Later deposits from colder periods include lemming and steppe pika. This provides evidence that humans had occupied the caves during this period.
Wildlife and ecology
Flora
As with other woodlands in the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the Upper Wye Gorge contains many species of trees that are locally and even nationally rare, forming one of the most extensive areas of semi-natural, broadleaved woodland in the entire valley. Due to the range of soils across the site, ten different types of woodland have been discovered to exist. Of particular interest are trees of the nationally rare large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos), as well as whitebeam species: English whitebeam (Sorbus anglica), grey-leaved whitebeam (Sorbus porrigentiformis), rock whitebeam (Sorbus rupicola) and round-leaved whitebeam (Sorbus eminens).
The dominant tree species within the gorge are ash (Fraxinus excelsior), common beech (Fagus sylvatica), Cornish oak (Quercus petraea), English oak (Quercus robur) and silver birch (Betula pendula). Mid-level flora includes hazel (Corylus avellana), field maple (Acer campestre), small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) and wych elm (Ulmus glabra).
Ground-layer plants are dominated by bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), bramble (Rubus fruticosus), common bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), dog's mercury (Mercurialis perennis), false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum), great wood-rush (Luzula sylvatica). Scarce and locally uncommon plants that are found in the gorge are narrow-leaved bittercress (Cardamine impatiens), stinking hellebore (Helleborus foetidus), wood barley (Hordelymus europaeus) and wood fescue (Festuca altissima).
Grassland areas on the site contain the uncommon bloody cranes-bill (Geranium sanguineum) as well as the nationally scarce sedge species: dwarf sedge (Carex humilis), fingered sedge (Carex digitata) and soft-leaved sedge (Carex montana).
Fauna
A wide variety of mammals populate the gorge, including badgers and fallow deer. The caves in the gorge provide a winter roost for greater horseshoe bats and lesser horseshoe bats. Birds that use the woodlands in the SSSI include buzzard, nuthatch, peregrine falcon, pied flycatcher, raven, tawny owl and the wood warbler.
Insects species found on the site include a dance fly (Hilara media) and a wasp (Omalus puncticollis), which are nationally rare; as well as uncommon butterflies: wood white, pearl-bordered fritillary and the white admiral. | 6ed2a45c-db85-4c90-95af-a1032901d23a |
null | British businessperson (born 1965)
David Conway Turner (born May 1965) is a British businessperson. In August 2000, he became a managing director of the financial publishing company Citywire.
Career
He was at the Financial Times for ten years where he was publisher of all the FT Group's business publications.
Turner joined Citywire shortly after its 1999 launch. | cfd6dd30-9424-4762-bf53-1c51a2c08a95 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Lozells"} | Church in Birmingham, England
St Paul's Church, Lozells is a Grade II listed redundant parish church in the Church of England in Birmingham now used by the Assemblies of the First Born Church of God.
History
The foundation stone was laid on 11 July 1879 by Colonel Ratcliff and the building was constructed by Horsman and Co of Wolverhampton to designs by J. A. Chatwin. The church was consecrated on 11 September 1880 by the Bishop of Worcester.
The building was sold by the Church of England in 1982 and acquired by the Assemblies of the First Born Church of God. The Church of England congregation merged with that of St Silas’ Church, Lozells, and a new building was commissioned for this joint parish.
Organ
The church contained an organ dating from 1889 by Casson. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. | dd1182b5-62b3-4c98-8f5c-eccfd5e19a8d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincolnville,_Kansas"} | City in Marion County, Kansas
City in Kansas, United States
Lincolnville is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 168. It is located northeast of Marion, west of the intersection of U.S. Route 77 (aka U.S. Route 56) highway and 290th Street next to the Union Pacific Railroad.
History
Early history
For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.
19th century
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.
In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1855, Marion County was established within the Kansas Territory, which included the land for modern day Lincolnville.
The first settlers to the area were Heman Deal (1860) and Thomas Wise, Jr (1863). A post office was established in Lincolnville on December 31, 1868.
The first Lincolnville plat was filed by Robert C McAllister on May 18, 1872, but the patent from the United States government was not granted until August 23, 1878. President Abraham Lincoln is the city's namesake.
In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a branch line north-south from Herington through Lincolnville to Caldwell. It foreclosed in 1891 and was taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad, merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad, and finally merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".
Geography
Lincolnville is located at coordinates 38.4933471, -96.9600163 in the scenic Flint Hills and Great Plains of the state of Kansas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.22 square miles (0.57 km2), all of it land.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lincolnville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
Area events
Area attractions
Lincolnville has two buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 203 people, 81 households, and 54 families residing in the city. The population density was 922.7 inhabitants per square mile (356.3/km2). There were 102 housing units at an average density of 463.6 per square mile (179.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 2.5% Native American, 1.5% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.4% of the population.
There were 81 households, of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.3% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.11.
The median age in the city was 36.8 years. 30.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 23.2% were from 45 to 64; and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.2% male and 47.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 225 people, 94 households, and 59 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,017.5 inhabitants per square mile (392.9/km2). There were 97 housing units at an average density of 438.7 per square mile (169.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.11% White, 1.33% Native American, 2.22% from other races, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.44% of the population.
There were 94 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $36,563, and the median income for a family was $42,917. Males had a median income of $29,063 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,319. About 9.3% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 18.0% of those 65 or over.
Government
The Lincolnville government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 1st Monday of each month at 7PM.
Education
The community is served by Centre USD 397 public school district. The high school is a member of T.E.E.N., a shared video teaching network between five area high schools.
Media
Print
Infrastructure
Transportation
The U.S. Route 77 highway runs through the east side of Lincolnville and almost parallel to the Union Pacific Railroad which is about 5 blocks west of the highway.
Utilities | f57c6ff6-2d8d-4c51-8789-a30525be3b65 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_Tanzania"} | Place in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Oyster Bay (also spelled Oysterbay), also known as Cocoa Beach and Coco Beach, is an affluent neighbourhood in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It is popularly known for its attractive beach. Oyster Bay is located north west of Dar es Salaam's central business district along the Indian Ocean. Europeans have resided here since colonial times. Since independence, Europeans working for development aid organizations, and senior government officials, including ministers, permanent secretaries, directors and commissioners, reside here.
The area is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the east, Mawenzi Road on the North, Ali Hassan Mwinyi Road to the south, and Ali bin Said Road to the West. Some local institutions are named Oysterbay, including a police station, a hospital and a school.
Food
Oyster Bay is popular for the food sold there, such as Muhogo (cassava), Mishkaki (Grilled meat skewers) and Madafu (Coconut water) sold by traders. Some new restaurants have also been constructed including M Burger.
Expansion and Renovation
In 2015, it was reported that there are plans of developing the cocoa beach, which will continue to remain a free open space for public. The main reasons for this plan is to keep it clean, to boost tourism and employment, and to further improve security in the area. Cocoa Beach is being renovated at the cost of TSh 11.6 billion. As of September 2019, transformation of the beach has been started. As of January 2022, renovation is going at a good pace, with many food stalls being constructed to give the beach a beautiful look.
Economics
Retail
Oysterbay Shopping Centre is located in the centre of the neighbourhood, along with several other businesses.
Art galleries
The founder of the popular Tingatinga painting style, Edward Tingatinga, began his artistic career while in Oyster Bay. The Tanzanian Tingatinga Art Gallery is located here.
Embassies hosted in Oyster Bay
The following 11 embassies are hosted in and near the Oyster Bay area;
External link
Media related to Oyster Bay, Tanzania at Wikimedia Commons | c64589fe-0eb2-4140-9bda-fbf55f7f5640 |
null | Carmen de figuris vel schematibus is a rhetoric work written in the 4th-5th century AD. It is a poem composed of 186 lines, discussing almost 60 figures of speeches. Its author is anonymous, but he surely was inspired by Alexander Numenius' and Publius Rutilius Lupus' treatises. | cffd7aa4-5fb3-410f-b3ef-5f5ae7e94a76 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaphidospora_cavernarum"} | Species of plant
Rhaphidospora cavernarum is a plant species in the family Acanthaceae. The species was thought to be extinct in Queensland until rediscovered on Cape York, between Cooktown and the Lockhart River. Previous to this, the species had not been seen since 1873. | 55f8253b-c99f-4df4-8d5f-1d31f997e3db |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuensanta_Nieto"} | Spanish architect
Fuensanta Nieto de la Cierva (born 18 April 1957) is a Spanish architect. She is known for her work as a partner of Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos, a firm which she co-founded in 1984.
Fuensanta Nieto studied at the Higher Technical School of Architecture of Madrid. From 1986 to 1991 she was co-director of the architectural journal ARQUITECTURA, published by the Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid.
She is a recipient of the Alvar Aalto Medal, the firm Nieto Sobejano having been given this award in 2015.
Works
Nieto has been involved in a number of museum and exhibition projects in Spain and other countries. These include a museum constructed in 2005-8 for Medina Azahara, an archaeological site near Córdoba. The building was designed so as not to impose itself on the landscape of Medina Azahara (which has since been declared a World Heritage Site). A project in Estonia, the Arvo Pärt Centre, is also integrated into the landscape. This building, an archive for the composer Arvo Pärt, was shortlisted for the Mies van der Rohe Award 2019. | 8897f601-4356-4488-85de-bf29875dc308 |
null | Genus of moths
Lasiridia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. | 72f0b0c6-79a0-4406-b262-b4005a652c50 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babi_kecap"} | Indonesian braised pork dish
Babi kecap is an Indonesian braised pork with sweet soy sauce (kecap manis). It is a Chinese Indonesian classic, due to its simplicity and popularity among Chinese Indonesian households. It is also popular among non-Muslim Indonesians, such as the Balinese, Ambonese, Bataks, Minahasans, Dayaks, and in the Netherlands among the Indo-Dutch, where it is known as babi ketjap, owing to colonial ties with Indonesia. In the Netherlands, the dish might also be served within an opulent rijsttafel banquet.
The dish is believed to be based on Southern Chinese braised pork in soy sauce know in Indonesia as babi taotjo without the taotjo because of its unavailability in the past. However, it is more Indonesian in nature, because of the mild sweetness introduced by Indonesian kecap manis (sweet soy sauce). It is sometimes prepared with a sweet chili sauce.
In Bali, babi kecap is consumed at festivals such as Galungan and Nyepi.
Ingredients
The basic recipe, commonly used by Chinese Indonesians in their households, usually requires cuts of pork belly simmered with sweet soy sauce, spiced with garlic, shallot or onion, and a dash of salt. The popular recipes employed elsewhere — from restaurants in Chinatown in Indonesia, to Bali and the Netherlands, may include additional ingredients, such as lemongrass, ginger, tomato, shrimp paste, salam leaf (Indonesian bay leaf), white pepper and red chilies. If sweet soy sauce is not available, it can be substituted with normal soy sauce mixed with ground palm sugar or brown sugar. The less hot and spicy sweet pepper may be used to replace red chilies.
Variations
Pork belly is usually the preferred cut of pork meat for babi kecap. However, other cuts of pork meat or offal may also be used in similar soy sauce-based recipes. Derivatives of this recipe which substitute the use of pork belly include sengkel babi kecap, which uses pig trotters, and sekba, which is a Chinese Indonesian pork offal stew that may also include pork liver, nose, tongue, ear, tripe and intestines.
Similar dishes
It is very similar to another Indonesian favorite called semur daging, although semur is usually made of beef and potatoes with slightly different spices. The chicken variant is called ayam kecap ore Kip Smoor in Dutch. The word semur is a corruption of the Dutch word smoor (smoren is to braise in Dutch). Originally Indonesian semur dishes are heated in butter instead of oil hinting a Dutch origine. Smoor can also be found in formar Dutch colonies Sri Lanka and Malacca | 8af7c9b6-c3db-47c2-81b0-0bcb93ad3ddf |
null | Jewish eschatological prophet
The Egyptian was a 1st-century messianic Jewish revolt leader. His uprising was quelled by the Roman procurator of Judea, Antonius Felix (ruled 52–60 CE), and the Egyptian fled, while many of his followers were killed and captured, with the remainder managing to flee and hide.
Flavius Josephus says in his Jewish War (2.261-262)
There was an Egyptian false prophet that did the Jews more mischief than the former; for he was a cheat, and pretended to be a prophet also, and got together thirty thousand men that were deluded by him; these he led round about from the wilderness to the mount which was called the Mount of Olives. He was ready to break into Jerusalem by force from that place; and if he could but once conquer the Roman garrison and the people, he intended to rule them by the assistance of those guards of his that were to break into the city with him ... But Felix prevented his attempt, and met him with his Roman soldiers ... insomuch that when it came to a battle, the Egyptian ran away.
In the Christian text, The Acts of the Apostles, the commander (chiliarch) of the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, Claudius Lysias, mistakes Paul for this Egyptian, saying "Aren’t you the Egyptian who started a revolt and led four thousand terrorists out into the wilderness some time ago?".
Belgian Catholic theologian Edward Schillebeeckx (1914–2009) characterised this Egyptian as an 'Egyptian Jewish eschatological miracle-working prophet' who predicted the destruction of Jerusalem's walls akin to the falling walls of Jericho in Joshua 6, and compared the Egyptian to Theudas during Roman procurator Cuspius Fadus (44–46 CE), and another 'eschatological prophet who led his followers into the wilderness while promising miracles and liberation from all misery' during Roman procurator Porcius Festus (r. 59–62 CE). | 1dafec58-cbcd-4660-a137-860aebafe90c |
null | Employment laws
Salary history bans refer to policies, adopted mostly in the United States, that ban employers from asking job candidates about their previous salaries. The purpose of these laws is the reduce the impact of historical discrimination. As of January 2021, nineteen American states and twenty-one American municipalities have adopted some form of a salary history ban. The first salary history ban was passed in Massachusetts in August 2016.
Salary history bans forbid employers from asking candidates their salary histories. However, the bans do not forbid workers from volunteering their salaries. This raises the possibility of adverse selection, in which only workers with good salaries volunteer (and workers with bad salaries decline to answer). Voluntary disclosure also raises the possibility of unravelling, in which one person volunteering creates incentives for others to volunteer. In principle, this could lead to a full unravelling of salary history bans in which all workers disclose (despite the ban on employers asking).
Salary history bans have been found to be effective in reducing pay gap between men and women. Research suggests that these bans reduced the gender pay gap by 2 percentage points in states which have these bans in place.
Behavioral research in 2020 about salary disclosure behavior suggests that about 25% of job-seekers would volunteer their prior salaries, even if not asked, and that bans would partially (if not fully) unravel. | 96e61581-9231-481d-af0d-bb2a7ae47d6e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1963_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_shot_put"} | International sporting event
The men's shot put event at the 1963 Pan American Games was held at the Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo on 27 April.
Results | e120d793-88b9-46b7-bdff-76c6ce60c966 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_Indonesia"} | List of events
The following lists events that happened during 2015 in Indonesia.
Incumbents
Events
January
February
March
April
May
June
"Honey, I want to go to sleep right now. Bye."
—Last words from Sandy Permana to his wife, Captain of the crashed Hercules.
July
August
September
October
November
The moment MV Wihan Sejahtera capsizes in the Java Sea
December | 7327d8b9-fd4a-4c06-ba5e-7215dc16b4fe |
null | 1955 single by Hank Williams
"Please Don't Let Me Love You" is a song by written by Ralph Jones and first recorded by George Morgan, who had a #4 country hit with it in 1949.
Hank Williams Version
In 1955, MGM acquired the Johnnie Fair Syrup shows. Between January and May 1949, Williams had pre-recorded early morning radio shows for Johnnie Fair, and MGM issued several songs from the surviving acetates as singles to satisfy the unyielding demand for product by the late country singer, who was quickly becoming a mythic figure in country music. It was released as the B-side to "Faded Love and Winter Roses" and became his last solo hit, peaking at #9 on the country singles chart. | fe11990f-1c98-4119-abab-226fe9c7398a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Hinton_St_George"} | Church in Somerset, England
The Church of St George in Hinton St George, Somerset, England includes 13th-century work by masons of Wells Cathedral, and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.
The vestry and north chapel of 1814 are said to be by James Wyatt, however it is more likely to be by Jeffry Wyatt, (later Sir Jeffry Wyattville). The four-stage tower is dated to 1485–95. It is supported by full-height offset corner buttresses, and has battlemented parapets with quatrefoil panels below merlons on the corner and intermediate pinnacles. The weathervane was added in 1756 by Thomas Bagley of Bridgwater. There is a hexagonal south-east corner stair turret. Stage 2 has small light on the north side and a statue niche on the south. All the faces on the two upper stages 2-light mullioned, transomed and traceried window under pointed arched labels, with pierced stone baffles. The clockface is under the east window.
During restoration work the parapet of the tower was examined and a stone was discovered with a carved date of 1731 which suggests that the decorative parapet may have been added then. The tracery on the north side has been marked out but never cut. In general there is little sign of more than one phase of construction although repairs are evident.
Anthony Paulet is buried at St George's. The Paulet mausoleum includes several Earl Poulett family tombs and an effigy of Sir Amias Paulet, which was originally in St Martin-in-the-Fields but later moved to Hinton St George. Between 2007 and 2014 restoration work on the memorial included the replacement of corroded ironwork within the tombs.
Other burials | 46020fbd-529f-445e-b6ac-72827b6b7d09 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Connolly_(composer)"} | Australian musician (1927–2022)
Musical artist
Richard Connolly (10 November 1927 – 4 May 2022) was an Australian musician, composer and former broadcaster.
He was best known for having composed the theme song to the children's TV series Play School for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); the lyrics were penned by Rosemary Milne. In 2017 the tune was added to the list of the top 10 Sounds of Australia list by the National Film and Sound Archive for being culturally, historically and aesthetically significant.
Connolly's published and performed works allowed him to be counted among Australia's most prolific composers of Catholic Church music, particularly the hymns he composed for the church in Australia which are now published and used inter-denominationally. His hymns were composed to accommodate and adorn the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council.
He was noted for his collaborations with Australian poet James McAuley. His compositions were successful internationally, both in the Christian and secular fields.
Life and career
Connolly aspired to join the priesthood and, from 1946 and 1950, pursued theological studies in Rome. A few months before his planned ordination, however, he abandoned his studies and returned to Australia where he completed an arts degree at the University of Sydney. At that time, he was a member of Holy Spirit parish in North Ryde. In 1955, he was introduced to McAuley by Father Ted Kennedy who asked Connolly to compose hymns to sing at various points during Mass. Thus began a longstanding partnership between McAuley and Connolly. Their subsequent musical collaboration during the 1950s and 1960s contributed significantly to contemporary Australian hymnody. Their compositions were first released in a collection titled Hymns for the Year of Grace in 1963. In 1960 Connolly's work had anchored the Living Parish hymnbook, edited by Tony Newman and published by a group gathered around Roger Pryke, which would sell one million copies over the next decade, enabling congregations to sing hymns in a distinctively Australian voice. Many of the hymns published in both collections are still widely sung across various Christian denominations in Australia and internationally.
Connolly joined the ABC in 1956 and by 1960 worked in its education department, mainly in schools broadcasts. In 1967 he joined the Radio Drama and Features Department, becoming features editor. In 1971 he undertook a Churchill Fellowship in Italy and at Radio France and Bayerischer Rundfunk. He also spent several months working in the BBC's radio drama script unit. During this time, he also composed music for the BBC TV series The British Empire. He returned to Australia and was appointed Head of Radio Drama and Features at the ABC.
Connolly composed music for the first Australian visit of a pope, Pope Paul VI, at both Randwick Racecourse and St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney. For the cathedral's liturgy he composed a "papal entry and march" version of Psalm 85. In 1844, the bishops of Australia had chosen the Virgin Mary, under the title of "Mary, Help of Christians", as patroness for the Australian nation, and the words are nationalistically resonant for Australian Catholics. While he personally remained largely aloof from Catholic politics, Connolly's setting of these words in his hymn "Help of Christians, Guard this Land" became the battle hymn of the Catholic Right in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s.[citation needed]
In December 2009, he was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Arts by the University of Notre Dame Australia in recognition of his "extraordinary contributions to Catholic liturgical music in Australia".[citation needed] In his acceptance speech he said the hymns he had made with James McAuley were "the centrepiece of my liturgical work and, of all the things that I have made, apart from my family, the best".[citation needed]
Connolly fell ill prior to his ninetieth birthday on 10 November 2017, which he celebrated with his family at Sydney's Royal North Shore Hospital, but makd a full recovery. He died in Sydney on 4 May 2022, aged 94.
Contributions
Hymnody
A few of his hymn tunes have particularly Australian names. Connolly's tunes include the following:
Liturgical music
Secular music | dbbf6568-7d0f-45d8-ae5f-76ae1fe991a2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent_Theatre_(Picton,_Ontario)"} | The Regent Theatre is a theatre located at 224 Main Street in Picton, Ontario. It opened in 1918 and has presented both film and live shows through the years.
Some have referred to the opening of the theatre to be in 1922 but that is when the theatre went through a major renovation where the roof was replaced.
The Regent is a rare example of an Edwardian opera house, with a stage that is as large as that of the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto. It was designed by architects Warrington and Page for George and Ellen Cook, who presented both vaudeville shows and motion pictures there.
The Cooks' daughter, Louise, sold the theatre to the Regent Theatre Foundation in 1994. | 08451444-0453-4b3c-b862-e31ae79a83d4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Szujski"} | Polish politician
Józef Szujski (Tarnow, 16 June 1835 – Cracow, 7 February 1883) was a Polish politician, historian, poet and professor of the Jagiellonian University.
Life
He studied at Tarnow, then at Cracow (1854) and at Vienna (1858-9). He began his career as a poet, and continued to write verses till the end of his life. Apart from many short lyrical poems, his first attempts were dramatic: Samuel Zborowski, Halszka of Ostrog, and a translation of the Agamemnon of Æschylus. Before his marriage (1861) he had also published his Portraits, not by Van Dyck, in which various types of Poles are characterized. He began working at a manual of Polish history, publishing two volumes in 1862, but was presently convinced of the necessity of independent research, which features in volumes three and four (1864-6).
The insurrection of 1863 was a blow to Szujski's hopes for Poland's future, and he resolved to devote his whole life to seeking the causes of his country's misfortunes, with a view to her regeneration. At the time that he was publishing the poems: The Servant of the Tombs, The Defence of Czestochowa, and the dramas, George Lubomirski and Wallas, he placed himself in the front rank of Polish historians by his work Some Truths of our History (1865). "No nation", he said, "can fall save through her own fault, nor rise again, save by her own intelligent labour and spiritual activity". He founded the "Polish Review" (1866), and the next year brought out "Hedwige" and "Twardowski", both dramas.
When the use of the national language was restored in Cracow University, Szujski was named (1869) professor of Polish history; later, he was chosen as rector. As early as 1872, he was reportedly the moving spirit of the Academy of Sciences at Cracow in his capacity as secretary. His researches were not confined to Poland: at about that time, he published a sketch of the literary history of the non-Christian world; studies on Marcus Aurelius and on Lucian; translations from Æschylus and Aristophanes; Maryna Mnischowna, and The Death of Ladislaus IV, dramas of his own, together with several other works. After his rectorate (1879) Szujski was made a peer. But his health, which had always been precarious, now failed completely, and tuberculosis set in. He continued to work, however, till he could work no more. His history, first sketched in four volumes, from the sixteenth century on, was supplemented by three other volumes, entitled Relations and Researches. It has been said of him that "the historian killed the poet". | 5c7767bf-1a06-4390-bfdb-3ad2cbd49a24 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Go_Back_(Dennis_Lloyd_song)"} | 2019 single by Dennis Lloyd
"Never Go Back" is a song by Israeli singer-songwriter Dennis Lloyd. Written and produced by Lloyd, it was released by Arista Records on 15 February 2019 as the lead single from his debut extended play, Exident (2019). The song's lyrics are a continuation of the narrative of his 2016 single "Nevermind". Lloyd said, "I recorded 'Nevermind' at the beginning of my relationship, and I wrote 'Never Go Back' two days after we broke up."
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications | 65375b95-3d02-4365-bd8e-f0ba7fc4fe64 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Islamabad"} | This is a list of birds found in the Pakistani city of Islamabad. The Margalla Hills and Rawal Lake are notable bird watching locations. | 0c84033e-2e05-4d95-aa0a-c417354d0a29 |
null | Maltese judge
Robert Mangion is a former Maltese judge of the family court. | 321538f2-b8c2-4072-8daf-d638858aad48 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eclipse_Inn"} | Historic public house in Hampshire, England
The Eclipse Inn is a public house at 25 The Square in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. It has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) since January 1974. The building dates from the 16th century and was formerly the rectory of St Lawrence Church. The name of the pub derives from its siting opposite the Sun Inn.
It has been included in CAMRA's Good Beer Guide, edited by Roger Protz.
The NHLE listing describes the inn as "Very modernized". It is framed with timber over three storeys, with a seven-light casement window with wood mullions. The timber framing was rediscovered in the 1920s after the removal of plaster that covered it. The Eclipse Inn is the last of a group of listed buildings that form 10 to 25 The Square. | cf98db8e-6fa3-4781-bd91-e59315c94d9e |
null | Horse race
The El Camino Real Derby is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race held in February at Golden Gate Fields in Albany, California. The race is open to three-year-olds willing to race one and one-eighth miles (9 furlongs) on Tapeta, a synthetic racing surface.
Northern California's premier Kentucky Derby prep, the El Camino Real Derby was first run in 1982. It was hosted by Bay Meadows racetrack until its closing in August 2008.
Originally a Grade III race, the event was downgraded in 2018 to listed status. It is part of the Road to the Kentucky Derby.
Records
Stakes Record:
Most wins by a jockey:
Most wins by a trainer:
Most wins by an owner:
Winners of the El Camino Real Derby since 1982
† filly | 2a102ec2-30fe-4b02-9fd3-a2c5501a854a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow-FISH"} | Cytogenetic technique
Flow-FISH (fluorescent in-situ hybridization) is a cytogenetic technique to quantify the copy number of RNA or specific repetitive elements in genomic DNA of whole cell populations via the combination of flow cytometry with cytogenetic fluorescent in situ hybridization staining protocols.
Flow-FISH is most commonly used to quantify the length of telomeres, which are stretches of repetitious DNA (hexameric TTAGGG repeats) at the distal ends of chromosomes in human white blood cells, and a semi-automated method for doing so was published in Nature Protocols. Telomere length in white blood cells has been a subject of interest because telomere length in these cell types (and also of other somatic tissues) declines gradually over the human lifespan, resulting in cell senescence, apoptosis, or transformation. This decline has been shown to be a surrogate marker for the concomitant decline in the telomere length of the hematopoietic stem cell pool, with the granulocyte lineage giving the best indication, presumably due to the absence of a long lived memory subtype and comparatively rapid turnover of these cells.
Flow-FISH is also suitable for the concomitant detection of RNA and protein. This allows for the identification of cells that not only express a gene, but also translate it into protein. This type of Flow-FISH has been used to study latent infection of viruses such as HIV-1 and EBV, but also to track single cell gene expression and translation into protein.
Q-FISH to flow-FISH
Flow-FISH was first published in 1998 by Rufer et al. as a modification of another technique for analyzing telomere length, Q-FISH, that employs peptide nucleic acid probes of a 3'-CCCTAACCCTAACCCTAA-5' sequence labeled with a fluorescin fluorophore to stain telomeric repeats on prepared metaphase spreads of cells that have been treated with colcemid, hypotonic shock, and fixation to slides via methanol/acetic acid treatment Images of the resultant fluorescent spots could then be analyzed via a specialized computer program to yield quantitative fluorescence values that can then be used to estimate actual telomere length. The fluorescence yielded by probe staining is considered to be quantitative because PNA binds preferentially to DNA at low ionic salt concentrations and in the presence of formamide, thus the DNA duplex may not reform once it has been melted and annealed to PNA probe, allowing the probe to saturate its target repeat sequence (as it is not displaced from the target DNA by competing anti sense DNA on the complementary strand), thus yielding a reliable and quantifiable readout of the frequency of PNA probe target at a given chromosomal site after washing away of unbound probe.
Innovation
Unlike Q-FISH, Flow-FISH utilizes the quantitative properties of telomere specific PNA probe retention to quantify median fluorescence in a population of cells, via the use of a flow cytometer, instead of a fluorescence microscope. The primary advantage of this technique is that it eliminates the time required in Q-FISH to prepare metaphase spreads of cells of interest, and that flow cytometric analysis is also considerably faster than the methods required to acquire and analyze Q-FISH prepared slides. Flow-FISH thus allows for a higher throughput analysis of telomere length in blood leukocytes, which are a readily available form of human tissue sample. The most recent versions of the flow-FISH technique include an internal control population of cow thymocytes with a known telomere length detected by TRF or telomere restriction fragment analysis to which the fluorescence of a given unknown sample may be compared. Because cow thymocytes take up LDS751 dye to a lesser extent than their human counterparts, they may be reliably differentiated via plotting and gating the desired populations. Other cell types that have not in the past proven to be good candidates for flow-FISH can be analyzed via extraction of nuclei and performance of the technique on them directly. | 18f86a7a-871c-4903-8747-3ef9c909c6ac |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_L._O%27Brien"} | American journalist
Timothy L. O'Brien (born 1961) is an American journalist, author and television commentator.
Early life and education
Born in Illinois, O'Brien is a graduate of Loyola Academy and Georgetown University, where he studied literature. He has three master's degrees from Columbia University, in history, journalism, and business.
Journalism career
O'Brien is the executive editor of Bloomberg Opinion, a platform that provides commentary about business, politics, and foreign affairs. O'Brien was a reporter for The New York Times before becoming editor of the paper's Sunday Business section in 2006. He was previously the executive editor of The Huffington Post and has been a staff writer for The Wall Street Journal and Talk. O'Brien edited a multi-part series on wounded war veterans that won a Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2012. He is also a recipient of a Loeb Award for Distinguished Business Journalism. He helped oversee a team of New York Times reporters that was a 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service finalist for its coverage of the 2008 financial crisis. O'Brien is also a contributing, on-air analyst with NBC/MSNBC where he frequently appears to discuss politics and national affairs.
Books
O'Brien has written two nonfiction books: 1998's Bad Bet: The Inside Story of the Glamour, Glitz, and Danger of America's Gambling Industry (ISBN 0-8129-2807-5) and 2005's TrumpNation: The Art of Being the Donald (ISBN 978-1422366189).TrumpNation is notable for its claim that celebrity real estate mogul Donald Trump was worth no more than US$250 million. Trump, who claimed at the time to be a billionaire and who has built a reputation upon his wealth, filed suit against O'Brien and Warner Books in 2006. In 2009, the suit was dismissed by a New Jersey judge. Trump appealed, but the dismissal was upheld by an appeals court in 2011. A novel by O'Brien, The Lincoln Conspiracy (ISBN 978-0-345-49677-5), was published in 2012.
Political career
In 2019, O'Brien was hired as a senior adviser for strategy and policy for Michael Bloomberg's Democratic Party primaries campaign in the 2020 United States presidential election. | 45983f97-3211-4285-897f-693f2f56330d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrio"} | Look up Demetrio in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Demetrio may refer to: | 007e9f76-6b7f-453f-a8a3-1674060cd32e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_sword_mountings"} | Housings and associated fittings that hold the blade of a Japanese sword
Japanese sword mountings are the various housings and associated fittings (tosogu) that hold the blade of a Japanese sword when it is being worn or stored. Koshirae (拵え) refers to the ornate mountings of a Japanese sword (e.g. katana) used when the sword blade is being worn by its owner, whereas the shirasaya is a plain undecorated wooden mounting composed of a saya and tsuka that the sword blade is stored in when not being used.
Components
Shirasaya
A shirasaya (白鞘), "white scabbard", is a plain wooden Japanese sword saya (scabbard) and tsuka (hilt), traditionally made of nurizaya wood and used when a blade was not expected to see use for some time and needed to be stored. They were externally featureless save for the needed mekugi-ana to secure the nakago (tang), though sometimes sayagaki (blade information) was also present. The need for specialized storage is because prolonged koshirae mounting harmed the blade, owing to factors such as the lacquered wood retaining moisture and encouraging corrosion.
Such mountings are not intended for actual combat, as the lack of a tsuba (guard) and proper handle wrappings were deleterious; as such they would likely never make their way onto a battlefield. However, there have been loosely similar "hidden" mountings, such as the shikomizue. Also, many blades dating back to earlier Japanese history are today sold in such a format, along with modern-day reproductions; while most are purely decorative replicas, a few have functional blades.
Shirasaya gallery
Koshirae
The word koshirae is derived from the verb koshiraeru (拵える), which is no longer used in current speech. More commonly "tsukuru" is used in its place with both words meaning to "make, create, manufacture." A more accurate word is tōsō (刀装), meaning sword-furniture, where tōsōgu (刀装具) are the parts of the mounting in general, and "kanagu" stands for those made of metal. Gaisō (外装) are the "outer" mountings, as opposed to tōshin (刀身), the "body" of the sword.
A koshirae should be presented with the tsuka (hilt) to the left, particularly in times of peace with the reason being that you cannot unsheathe the sword easily this way. During the Edo period, many formalized rules were put into place: in times of war the hilt should be presented to the right allowing the sword to be readily unsheathed.
Koshirae were meant not only for functional but also for aesthetic purposes, often using a family mon (crest) for identification.
Types of koshirae
Tachi
The tachi (太刀) style koshirae is the primary style of mounting used for the tachi, where the sword is suspended edge-down from two hangers (ashi) attached to the obi. The hilt often had a slightly stronger curvature than the blade, continuing the classic tachi increase in curvature going from the tip to the hilt. The hilt was usually secured with two pegs (mekugi), as compared to one peg for shorter blades including katana. The tachi style koshirae preceded the katana style koshirae.
Katana
The katana (刀) style koshirae is the most commonly known koshirae and it is what is most associated with a samurai sword. Swords mounted in this manner are worn with the cutting edge up as opposed to the tachi mounting, in which the sword is worn with the cutting edge down.
Han-dachi (half tachi)
The han-dachi (半太刀) koshirae was worn katana-style but included some tachi related fittings such as a kabuto-gane instead of a kashira.
Aikuchi
The aikuchi (合口 or 匕首) is a form of koshirae for small swords in which the hilt and the scabbard meet without a crossguard between them. The word literally means ai ("meeting") + kuchi ("mouth; opening"), in reference to the way the hilt fits directly against the scabbard. Originally used on the koshigatana (a precursor to the wakizashi) to facilitate close wearing with armour, it became a fashionable upper-class mounting style for a tantō (literally, "small sword", nowadays regarded as a dagger) from the Kamakura period onwards.
Shikomizue
The shikomizue (仕込み杖, "prepared cane") or jotō (杖刀, "staff sword") is a Japanese swordstick. It is most famous for its use by the fictional swordmaster Zatoichi. The sword blade was placed in a cane-like mounting (tsue) as concealment. These mountings are not to be confused with the Shirasaya (白鞘, "white scabbard"), which were just plain wooden mountings with no decoration other than (sometimes) a short description of the contents.
Some shikomi-zue also concealed metsubushi, chains, hooks, and many other things. Shikomi-zue could be carried in public without arousing suspicion, making them perfect tools for shinobi.
Kaiken
The kaiken (懐剣) is an 8–10 inch long, single- or double-edged dagger without ornamental fittings housed in a plain mount, formerly carried by men and women of the samurai class in Japan. It was useful for self-defense indoors where the long katana and intermediate wakizashi were inconvenient. Women carried them in their kimono either in a pocket like fold or in the sleeve for self-defense or for suicide by means of slashing the jugular veins and carotid artery in the left side of the neck.
Koshirae gallery
Parts of the koshirae
Saya
Saya (鞘) is the Japanese term for a scabbard, and specifically refers to the scabbard for a sword or knife. The saya of a koshirae (scabbards for practical use) are normally manufactured from very lightweight wood, with a coat of lacquer on the exterior. Correct drawing and sheathing of the blade involves contacting the mune (the back of the blade) rather than ha (the edge) to the inside of the scabbard. The saya also has a horn knob (栗形, kurigata) on one side for attaching a braided cord (sageo), and may have a shitodome (mounting loop) to accent the kurigata as well as an end cap (小尻, kojiri) made from metal. Traditionally the koiguchi (the throat of the scabbard) and kojiri (the chape) were made from buffalo horn.
The Saya is divided in parts:
A sageo (下緒 or 下げ緒) is a hanging cord made of silk, cotton or leather that is passed through the hole in the kurigata (栗形) of a Japanese sword's saya. There are a number of different methods for wrapping and tying the sageo on the saya for display purposes. Other uses for the sageo are tying the sword to the samurai and hojojutsu. The samurai felt the sageo formed a spiritual bond between them and the sword, and they were very particular about tying it correctly when the sword was not in use.
The kurikata (栗形) is a knob that is attached to the scabbard of a Japanese sword. The sageo (cord) that secures the saya of the sword to the obi (belt) goes through a hole in the kurikata.
The kojiri (鐺) is the end cap of the scabbard or the protective fitting at the end of the scabbard.
Kogatana (小刀), a small utility knife that fits into a pocket on the scabbard, the kozuka is the decorative handle for the kogatana.
The kōgai (笄) is a spike for hair arranging that fits into a pocket on the saya.
The umabari (馬針) is a small knife that is a variation of the kogatana, it fits into a pocket on the saya.
Tsuka
The tsuka (柄) is the hilt or handle of a Japanese sword.
The tsuka is divided in the following parts:
The menuki (目貫) are ornaments on the tsuka (generally under the tsuka-ito); to fit into the palm for grip.
Samegawa (鮫皮) is the ray skin used to cover or wrap the handle.
Tsuka-ito (柄糸) is the wrapping of the tsuka, traditionally silk but today more often cotton and sometimes, leather.
Fuchi (縁), a cap type collar or ferrule which covers the opening in the tsuka of a Japanese sword. The tang of the sword goes into the tsuka through the opening in the fuchi.
The kashira (頭) is the end cap (pommel) on the tsuka.
Tsuba
The tsuba (鍔, or 鐔) is usually a round (or occasionally squarish) guard at the end of the grip of bladed Japanese weapons, like the katana and its variations, tachi, wakizashi, tantō, naginata etc. They contribute to the balance of the weapon and to the protection of the hand. The tsuba was mostly meant to be used to prevent the hand from sliding onto the blade during thrusts as opposed to protecting from an opponent's blade. The chudan no kamae guard is determined by the tsuba and the curvature of the blade. The diameter of the average katana tsuba is 7.5–8 centimetres (3.0–3.1 in), wakizashi tsuba is 6.2–6.6 cm (2.4–2.6 in), and tantō tsuba is 4.5–6 cm (1.8–2.4 in).
During the Muromachi period (1333–1573) and the Momoyama period (1573–1603) Tsuba were more for functionality than for decoration, being made of stronger metals and designs. During the Edo period (1603–1868) there was peace in Japan so tsuba became more ornamental and made of less practical metals such as gold.
Tsuba are usually finely decorated, and nowadays are collectors' items. Tsuba were made by whole dynasties of craftsmen whose only craft was making tsuba. They were usually lavishly decorated. In addition to being collectors items, they were often used as heirlooms, passed from one generation to the next. Japanese families with samurai roots sometimes have their family crest (mon) crafted onto a tsuba. Tsuba can be found in a variety of metals and alloys, including iron, steel, brass, copper and shakudō. In a duel, two participants may lock their katana together at the point of the tsuba and push, trying to gain a better position from which to strike the other down. This is known as tsubazeriai (鍔迫り合い), lit. pushing tsuba against each other. Tsubazeriai is a common sight in modern kendō.
In modern Japanese, tsubazeriai (鍔迫り合い) has also come to mean "to be in fierce competition."
Seppa
The seppa (切羽) are washers used in front of and behind the tsuba to tighten the fittings. Seppa can be ornate or plain.
Habaki
The habaki (鎺) is a piece of metal encircling the base of the blade of a Japanese sword. It has the double purpose of locking the tsuba (guard) in place, and to maintain the weapon in its saya (scabbard).
The importance of the habaki is seen in drawing the katana from the scabbard. It is drawn by grasping the scabbard near the top and pressing the guard with the thumb to emerge the blade just enough to unwedge the habaki from inside the scabbard in a process called koiguchi no kirikata (鯉口の切り方) "cutting the koiguchi". The blade, being freed, can be drawn out very quickly. This is known as koiguchi o kiru (鯉口を切る), nukitsuke (抜き付け), or tanka o kiru (啖呵を切る) "clearing the tanka". This is obviously an extremely aggressive gesture, since a fatal cut can be given in a fraction of a second thereafter (see iaidō). It is similar in connotation and effect as drawing back the hammer of a handgun, chambering a round on a pump-action shotgun, or pulling back and releasing the charging handle on other firearms.
The expression "tanka o kiru" is now widely used in Japan, in the sense of "getting ready to begin something", or "getting ready to speak", especially with an aggressive connotation.
The habaki will cause normal wear and tear inside the scabbard, and either a shim or a total replacement of the scabbard may be needed to remedy the issue as it will become too loose over time. Removing the habaki and oiling it after cutting or once every few months is recommended. | 83645b6c-2a34-4fa7-aeda-9e3b1ad197a1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxborough,_Massachusetts"} | Town in Massachusetts, United States
Foxborough is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States, about 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Boston, 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Providence, Rhode Island and about 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Cape Cod. The population was 18,618 at the 2020 census.
"Foxborough" is the official spelling of the town name per local government, but the abbreviated spelling "Foxboro" is common and is used by the United States Postal Service.
Foxborough is best known as the site of Gillette Stadium, home of the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) and the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer (MLS).
History
Settled in 1704 and incorporated in 1778, the town of Foxborough was named for Charles James Fox, a Whig member of Parliament and a staunch supporter of the Colonies in the years leading up to the American Revolution.
The town was once home to the world's largest straw hat factory. Founded by local businessman E.P. Carpenter, the Union Straw Works burned to the ground in the early 20th century. The town post office now stands on the site.
Foxborough was composed of small neighborhood communities until the early 1900s. These included Foxvale/Paineburgh, which remained semi-independent until the early twentieth century; Quaker Hill in South Foxborough; and Lakeview/Donkeyville in West Foxborough.
Schaefer Stadium (later known as Sullivan Stadium, then Foxboro Stadium) opened in 1971 as the home of the New England Patriots, after the football team spent its first eleven seasons playing at various stadiums in Boston. The family of Billy Sullivan owned both the Patriots and the stadium until they sold the team in 1988. The stadium, however, lapsed into bankruptcy and was then bought by paper magnate Robert Kraft. With Kraft in control of Foxboro Stadium, he prevented the Patriots from relocating to St. Louis in 1994 by refusing to let the team break their lease, then bought the Patriots outright. Kraft then founded the New England Revolution, one of the charter clubs of Major League Soccer, in 1996.
Gillette Stadium opened in 2002 as a replacement for Foxboro Stadium. The Patriot Place shopping plaza, built on land surrounding the stadium bought by Kraft, completed construction in 2009. The plaza includes a variety of restaurants, clothing stores, and other retailers.
Foxborough hosted multiples matches during the 1994 FIFA World Cup at Foxborough Stadium and will do so again during the 2026 FIFA World Cup at Gillette Stadium.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 20.9 sq mi (54.1 km2), of which 20.1 sq mi (52.0 km2) is land and 0.81 sq mi (2.1 km2) (3.88%) is water.
Foxborough is located at 42°3′54″N 71°14′52″W / 42.06500°N 71.24778°W / 42.06500; -71.24778 (42.065248, –71.247856).
For the purposes of the United States Census Bureau, the built-up central area of Foxborough known as the Foxborough Census Designated Place (CDP) has a total area of 7.6 km2 (3.0 mi2). 7.5 km2 (2.9 mi2) is land and 0.1 km2 (0.1 mi2) (1.69%) is water.
Climate
Foxborough's climate is humid continental (Köppen: Dfa) with four distinct seasons, which is the predominant climate for Massachusetts and New England. Summers are typically warm to hot, rainy, and humid, while winters are cold, windy, and snowy. Spring and fall are usually mild, but conditions are widely varied, depending on wind direction and jet stream positioning. The warmest month is July, with an average high temperature of 83 °F and an average low temperature of 62 °F. The coldest month is January, with an average high temperature of 36 °F and an average low temperature of 18 °F. Periods exceeding 90 °F in summer and below 10 °F in winter are not uncommon but rarely extended, with about 14 days per year seeing the former extreme. Because of the town's relatively short distance from the Atlantic Ocean, temperatures tend to remain warmer than locations further inland. Like the rest of the northeastern seaboard, precipitation is distributed fairly evenly throughout the entire year, with the winter months receiving slightly more precipitation than the summer months. Powerful storm systems known as Nor'easters can produce heavy amounts of rain and snow at any time of the year, but these storms most often strike during the winter months, causing significant snowfall amounts and blizzard conditions. Thunderstorms occur somewhat frequently in the summer, occasionally bringing heavy downpours, damaging winds, and hail. Tornado activity is relatively low in the area, although there have been a fair share of tornado warnings issued over the years. Due to its location along the United States eastern seaboard, Foxborough is somewhat vulnerable to Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms that threaten the region from late summer into early autumn.
Demographics
Entire town
As of the census of 2000, there were 16,246 people, 6,141 households, and 4,396 families residing in the town. The population density was 809.1 inhabitants per square mile (312.4/km2). There were 6,299 housing units at an average density of 313.7 per square mile (121.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.09% White, 0.82% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.06% of the population.
There were 6,141 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. Of all households 23.4% were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the town, 26.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.0% was from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $64,323, and the median income for a family was $78,811. Based on data from the 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, these figures have risen to $92,370 as the median income for a household in the town and $108,209 as the median income for a family. Males had a median income of $51,901 versus $35,748 for females. The per capita income for the town was $32,294, but this figure has risen to $42,236. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.
Foxborough CDP
The built-up central business district is designated by the United States Census Bureau as the Foxborough Census Designated Place for record keeping purposes (this is common among many larger population New England towns).
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,509 people, 2,486 households, and 1,372 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 730.9/km2 (1,895.7/mi2). There were 2,576 housing units at an average density of 341.8/km2 (886.4/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.57% White, 1.42% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 1.07% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.60% of the population.
There were 2,486 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. Of all households 37.8% were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the CDP, 21.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.3% was from 18 to 24, 35.0% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,431, and the median income for a family was $58,924. Males had a median income of $42,030 versus $35,370 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,245. About 4.1% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Foxborough is run by a five-member board of selectmen and elected town officials like the town moderator and town clerk. Day-to-day operations involving items under the Board of Selectmen's purview is handled by an appointed Town Manager.
Board of Selectmen (term ends)
Other town officials
The Town Hall is located at 40 South Street, Foxborough, MA 02035.
Education
Public schools
Foxborough has a public school system. The Foxborough Public Schools (FPS) district currently has an enrollment of over 3,000 children in grades from preschool to grade 12.
Foxborough public schools:
Foxborough High School offers a wide variety of sports including golf, track and field, football, soccer, cross country, volleyball, swim, basketball, wrestling, hockey, indoor track, cheerleading, lacrosse, baseball, tennis, and softball.
The mascot of the high school is the Warriors, whose colors are blue and gold. Foxborough's rival is neighboring Mansfield High School.
The football team has won the Hockomock League title and won the Division 2 Super Bowl various times, most recently in 2007 with a 21–10 victory over Burlington. The Super Bowl win was coach Jack Martinelli's 200th win. During the 1987 and 1988 seasons, the Warriors won back-to-back Division 3 Super Bowls and went undefeated in 1988. This team featured five players who went on to play Division 1 college football (Chris Cady, Eric Matckie, Tom Nalen, Dan Sullivan, and Rob Turenne).[citation needed]
The cheerleading team has also earned recognition, making it to nationals for the first time in 2004 and again in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008.[citation needed]
The golf team has produced many all-scholastic players and state champions, as has the wrestling team. The boys' indoor track team were the Hockomock Champions in the 2006/2007 season. The field hockey team have been the Hockomock Champions several times in recent years.[citation needed]
Foxborough High School is also known for its music program, which includes a string orchestra, symphony orchestra, chorus, marching band, concert band, symphonic winds, winds ensemble and jazz band/choir. Many of these groups regularly place in competitions, but the Jazz Ensemble has been recognized in several Essentially Ellington competitions. The top 15 jazz bands in the country send in recordings of themselves for judging. Foxborough has placed in the top 15 for several years.[citation needed]
Private schools
Points of interest
Notable people
Partners Rob Gronkowski and Camille Kostek | 7b4cb10e-f7ba-4e13-ac90-8e0e3778193c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclareol_cyclase"} | Class of enzymes
Sclareol cyclase (EC 3.1.7.4, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate:sclareol cyclase, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate-sclareol cyclase, GGPP:sclareol cyclase) is an enzyme with systematic name geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphohydrolase (sclareol-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 H2O
sclareol + diphosphate
This enzyme requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity. | 233810bb-081c-474b-86b0-4e65d00614b3 |
null | Golisano is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: | c139c9f0-6376-421c-827b-bfd0ffc6ff9d |
null | Bangladeshi politician
Mohammad Siddiqur Rahman is a Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and the former Member of Parliament of Manikganj-1.
Career
Rahman was elected to parliament from Manikganj-1 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 1986 and 1988. | 9b424ee9-de76-4429-b6e0-afc01881b669 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_KNSB_Dutch_Single_Distance_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_3000_m"} | The women's 3000 meter at the 2015 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Saturday 1 November 2014. Although this tournament was held in 2014, it was part of the 2014–2015 speed skating season.
There were 20 participants.
Title holder was Ireen Wüst.
There was qualification selection available for the next following 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup tournaments.
Result
Source: | c38d3c5e-68a4-4353-93d1-a8d910dcedcf |
null | Dalek Dash (Persian: دلك داش) may refer to: | 1cd45129-b61c-4ccf-80eb-cb3099514851 |
null | Jayampathy Wickramaratne, PC is a Sri Lankan lawyer and politician. He was a national list member representing the United National Party in the Parliament. A former Director of Programs of the Institute of Constitutional Studies in Colombo, he has served as a Senior Adviser to the Ministry of Constitutional Affairs and was a member of the Sri Lankan Law Commission. He entered parliament in 2015 General Election from the National List of the United National Party. He was also appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe. Wickramaratne the key person behind the proposed 2018 constitution of Sri Lanka.[citation needed]
Education
Wickramaratne was educated at St. Anthony's College, Kandy. After successfully completed his GCE Advance Level examination he entered the Science Faculty of University of Peradeniya, studying chemistry. Later entered the Law College, where he qualified as a lawyer. He holds a PhD in Human rights and a Master of Public Administration from University of Peradeniya. Wickramaratne was appointed a President's Counsel in 2001. He obtained his second PhD degree for his published work, 'Democratic Governance in Sri Lanka: A Constitutional Miscellany' from the University of Colombo
Member of the Parliament 2015-2020
Although Wickramaratne was a leftist [clarification needed] in 2015 August election he was appointed as a national list MP from the right wing UNP.[when?] He resigned from parliament in late January 2020 and relocated to Switzerland, where he is alleged to hold citizenship. As he was a key architect of the 2015 Nineteenth Amendment which prohibits non-citizens from entering parliament or contesting in Presidential elections. It was specifically aimed at preventing Gotabaya Rajapaksa, at the time an American citizen, from entering Sri Lankan politics or running for president.
The 2015 constitution which he participated to draft was abolished on 22 October 2020 and a new amendment was passed at the Sri Lanka parliament. | 0ec69788-76f9-4ca1-b7f5-ce0ca02bfcd5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Girardet"} | Swiss / French painter (1813–1871)
Karl Girardet (born Charles Girardet; 7 May 1813, in Le Locle – 24 April 1871, in Versailles) was a Swiss painter and illustrator, who lived and worked mostly in Paris. After beginning his career as a landscape painter, he became a renowned history painter as well as a confidant to King Louis Philippe I and an official court painter.
Life
Girardet was born on 7 May 1813 in Le Locle, now in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, as the eldest son of engraver Charles Samuel Girardet, His brothers Paul and Édouard also became artists. After 1822, he lived in Paris, where he studied painting with Léon Cogniet, and began his career as a genre painter.
On a study trip to Switzerland in 1833–35, he made the acquaintance of the aristocratic painter Maximilien de Meuron, by whose influence he obtained commissions for two panoramas of Lausanne. In 1836, he presented his first exhibits in the Salon of Paris and started working as a copyist for the French royal court.
An alpine landscape presented at the 1837 Salon obtained him a first distinction, and he successfully collaborated with Cogniet on two great battle scenes exhibited at Versailles. He embarked on travels across Europe, filling his sketchbook with landscapes in Düsseldorf (1838), Tyrol and Croatia (1839), and Italy (1840). A painting of a protestant assembly at Neuchatêl, Assemblée de Protestants surprise par des troupes catholiques (1839–42), earned him another distinction at the 1842 Salon and regular commissions by the Neuchâtel Friends of Art.
In 1839, Girardet illustrated his first book, Roland furieux, followed by Jardin des plantes by Boitard in 1842. After a six-month stay in Egypt, 1844, he continued illustrating works including Thiers's famous Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire, and completed several royal commissions for paintings of state occasions. Following the fall of the monarchy in February 1848, Girardet left France and moved into his brother Édouard's home in Brienz, Switzerland. In 1850, he returned to France to illustrate a great work edited by Alfred Mame about the history and the monuments of the Touraine. This work obtained a first-class medal at the Exposition Universelle of 1855, and earned Girardet many more commissions by Mame, notably for children's books and pious works.
In 1857, he moved his studio to the Montmartre quarter, where he would live until his death, and was admitted as a member of the Royal Academy of Amsterdam. He continued to embark on study trips, such as to the Valais (1858–1860), Italy (1861–1862) and Brunnen (1869). In 1870, caught in besieged Paris during the Prussian invasion of France, Girardet damaged his eyesight while sketching the Prussian positions. Seized by anguish, fearing blindness, he died, alone in his apartment, of suffocation. He was unmarried, but had lived for many years with the painter Augustine Angelina Kaas, for whom he had provided a pension. His family inherited the remainder of his estate, some 100,000 francs.
Works
Girardet's art belongs to the tradition of Romanticism and to the popular movement in landscape painting called the "School of 1830". His landscapes, based on sketches often completed under adverse weather conditions and within one hour, exhibit a rare vivacity and mastery of subtle color, especially after his 1850 stay in Brienz. Unlike his friends and colleagues Maximilien de Meuron and Rodolphe Töpffer, he was not enchanted by the snow-capped peaks of the Alps, preferring instead to portray lakes, streams and marshes, notably the rivers Aar, Eure and Marne.
Girardet sought official recognition through his historical paintings. Of these, his Assemblée de Protestants was his most lasting success; its pathos and deliberate composition are reminiscent of Paul Delaroche's work. Later in his life, deprived of royal patronage by the political upheavals in France, his historical paintings met with little success, and he shifted his attention back to landscape painting, which he continued to exhibit in the Salon until the end of his life.
As a man of modest means, Girardet had little leisure to devote to his art and was compelled to earn money mainly as an illustrator. On his many voyages, he drew small ethnographical reports for the illustrated press; these and the illustrations he drew for luxury albums nourished his visual imagination. After 1855, he abandoned the Orientalist themes that had contributed to his success; and in his late period, as a diligent craftsman, he dedicated himself to the themes and formats in vogue with his bourgeois clients.
Girardet's success inspired many other French-speaking Swiss artists, and it helped Swiss art and Swiss landscapes gain recognition with a broad international public. Many of his works are exhibited in the Musée d'art et d'histoire of Neuchâtel and in the Musée national de Versailles. | 803669fb-d773-4f5d-9f25-37b530dd4ec9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seforong"} | Community Council in Quthing District, Lesotho
Seforong is a community council located in the Quthing District of Lesotho. Its population in 2006 was 9,720.
Villages
The community of Seforong includes the villages of Aupolasi, Bethane, Ha 'Malitlhare, Ha 'Mampiletso, Ha 'Ngoae, Ha Filane, Ha Kokoropo, Ha Leihloana, Ha Lesholu, Ha Mabusetsa, Ha Maime, Ha Maisa, Ha Mankata, Ha Mankata (Khohlong), Ha Mankata (Thabana-Tšooana), Ha Mapuleng, Ha Masupha, Ha Monese, Ha Monoto, Ha Mosi, Ha Motebang, Ha Motiki, Ha Motseleli, Ha Motšoane, Ha Nkati, Ha Polaki, Ha Potso, Ha Ramoroba, Ha Ramotloang, Ha Ranyathelaha, Ha Ratšitso, Ha Sekilane, Ha Sekoati, Ha Sello, Ha Selonyane, Ha Seqotomela, Ha Shao, Ha Teleka, Ha Tibisi, Ha Tšita, Ha Welephi (Sekoaing), Kamora Thaba, Lehonyeling, Letlapeng, Letsoapong, Lichecheng, Liphafeng, Litšoeneng, Mabeleteng, Makhetheng, Malosong, Maqomeng, Meeling, Motse-Mocha, Phocha, Pontšeng, Porotong, Sehlabaneng, Sekoaing, Sekokoaneng, Swatsi, Tafoleng (Ha Leihloana), Thaba-Chitja, Thaba-Chitja (Liphookoaneng), Thaba-Chitja (Mpharane), Thabang (Ha Leihloana), Thobai and Toalaneng (Toalaneng). | 665db4dc-1f68-48ee-a0e1-630d97bbd990 |
null | Rotruda (or Roza) of Pavia (died after March 945) was an Italian noblewoman. Rotruda was married to Giselbert I of Bergamo and later became the mistress of Hugh of Italy.
Life
Rotruda was the daughter of the iudex (judge) Walpert of Pavia. She married Giselbert of Bergamo c.895. Together they had a son, Lanfranc I of Bergamo.
Probably after Giselbert I’s death (c.927/929), Rotruda became the mistress of Hugh of Italy, with whom she had a daughter, Rotlinda. Because of her relationship with Hugh, Rotruda is mentioned in Liutprand of Cremona's work Antapodosis.
Marriage and children
With Giselbert, Rotruda had the following children:
With Hugh, Rotruda had the following children: | 24f77421-e939-4582-ac6e-c2ac0e130a05 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen,_Minnesota"} | City in Minnesota, United States
City in Minnesota, United States
Stephen is a city in Marshall County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 592 at the 2020 census.
History
A post office called Stephen has been in operation since 1883. The city was named for George Stephen, a railroad official.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.81 square miles (2.10 km2), all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 658 people, 304 households, and 174 families living in the city. The population density was 812.3 inhabitants per square mile (313.6/km2). There were 346 housing units at an average density of 427.2 per square mile (164.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.2% Native American, 1.7% from other races, and 0.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.0% of the population.
There were 304 households, of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.8% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.93.
The median age in the city was 46.8 years. 20.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 29.7% were from 45 to 64; and 23.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 708 people, 292 households, and 188 families living in the city. The population density was 865.0 inhabitants per square mile (334.0/km2). There were 331 housing units at an average density of 404.4 per square mile (156.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.36% White, 0.71% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 4.66% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.19% of the population.
There were 292 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,207, and the median income for a family was $42,969. Males had a median income of $31,103 versus $21,667 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,152. About 3.3% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over. | 8a526a79-090b-497f-8684-44bb19815524 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar,_Unnao"} | Village in Uttar Pradesh, India
Bihar is a village in Sumerpur block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Located on the main Unnao-Raebareli road, just to the east of the Loni river and near its confluence with the Kharahi, Bihar was briefly the headquarters of a tehsil in Raebareli district from 1860 until 1862, when it was moved into Unnao district. As of 2011, the population of Bihar is 5,952, in 1,088 households, and it has 5 primary schools and no healthcare facilities.
History
According to tradition, Bihar was founded by Birbhan, ancestor of the Bais taluqdars of Patan-Bihar, and named "Birhar" after himself. More realistically, the name was probably derived from a vihara or Buddhist monastery. Bihar was made the seat of a pargana under the Mughal emperor Akbar. At some point during the 1700s, it was the site of a battle between the Raos of Daundia Khera, the Raja of Maurawan, and the chief of Shankarpur, all from the Bais clan. It was chosen as the seat of a tehsil by the British in 1860, but when it was moved into Unnao district two years later the tehsil was dissolved and Bihar was put under Purwa tehsil instead.
At the turn of the 20th century, Bihar was described as a small town with several historical monuments, surrounded by a rich agricultural countryside. There had previously been two marketplaces, Radhaganj and Durgaganj, but Durgaganj had not held a market since the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and had fallen into disrepair. Radhaganj, which had been built by the taluqdar Shiudin Singh in 1846 and named after the goddess Radha, held markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Shiudin Singh had also built a temple to Radha in Bihar. The fair held in honour of Biddhia Dhar had an average attendance of about 14,000 people then. A masonry tank was built in 1862 by Ikram-ullah, who was a tehsildar of Bihar, and financed in part by a subscription collected from the taluqdars. Near the old tehsil buildings, there was also a mud-built sarai, and to the south of the Rae Bareli road were the ruins of an old fort. There was a police station and a middle vernacular school with 106 students. The population of Bihar in 1901 was 1,853, including a Muslim minority of 147.
The 1961 census recorded Bihar as comprising 9 hamlets, with a total population of 2,278 (1,027 male and 1,251 female), in 535 households and 450 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,557 acres, and it had a post office at the time. Bihar then had the following small industrial establishments: 2 places producing edible fats/oils, 4 miscellaneous food processing establishments, 2 garment manufacturers, 1 place making shoes, 4 makers of sundry hardwares, 1 bicycle repair shop, and 1 maker of jewellery or precious metal objects.
Culture
Bihar holds a fair in honour of Biddia Dhar, a Hindu faqir who died in the village of Bakra Khurd. Arjun Singh, the taluqdar of Patan-Bihar, had been a follower of his, and he had his kundi (i.e. mortar and pestle buried at Bihar and had a platform raised on the site in his honour. The fair takes place during the month of Pus (i.e. December and January), and vendors bring various items including cloth, brass, copper, iron utensils, and gur. | ff76587d-d320-42b4-a472-cfc93cc75eb8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%A7ak%C4%B1rman,_Erzincan"} | Village in Turkey
Village in Erzincan Province, Turkey
Küçükçakırman is a village in the Erzincan District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. | 640c273b-8b26-48c8-82b6-0f8ad3f1ff2a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild_v_IRC"} | Guild v IRC was an English trusts law case dealing with charitable trusts which confirmed that recreational facilities open to the public could be valid charities.
Facts
Guild was the executor of the estate of James Russell, who left his estate "for the use in connection with the sports centre in New Berwick or some similar purpose in connection with sport". The Inland Revenue held that the trust created did not constitute a charitable trust, and as such was subject to the Finance Act 1975. Since the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 interpretation of "charity" was to be used, English trusts law was applied.
After an initial hearing in the Court of Session, the case was appealed to the House of Lords.
Judgment
The House of Lords held that recreational facilities counted as charitable trusts. Lord Keith, giving the sole opinion, applied the Recreational Charities Act 1958, which provides that recreational facilities providing "social welfare" to people from social disadvantages or the general members of the public were appropriate charitable trusts. The question was whether the "social welfare" element also applied to recreational facilities open to the general public. Lord Keith rejected this, saying the following.
I would therefore reject the argument that the facilities are not provided in the interests of social welfare unless they are provided with the object of improving the conditions of life for persons who suffer from some form of social disadvantage. It suffices if they are provided with the object of improving the conditions of life for members of the community generally...if it suffices that the facilities are to be available to the members of the public at large...it must necessarily be inferred that the persons for whom the facilities are primarily intended are not to be confined to those who have need of them by reason of...social deprivation. The impact of this case was to confirm that the courts accepted the validity of recreational charitable trusts open to the public.
Bibliography | 313cb79d-6fbf-4ed0-a845-03ddd71594ab |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_resonance"} | Phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity
Helmholtz resonance or wind throb is the phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity, such as when one blows across the top of an empty bottle. The name comes from a device created in the 1850s by Hermann von Helmholtz, the Helmholtz resonator, which he used to identify the various frequencies or musical pitches present in music and other complex sounds.
History
Helmholtz described in his 1862 book On the Sensations of Tone an apparatus able to pick out specific frequencies from a complex sound. The Helmholtz resonator, as it is now called, consists of a rigid container of a known volume, nearly spherical in shape, with a small neck and hole in one end and a larger hole in the other end to emit the sound.
When the resonator's 'nipple' is placed inside one's ear, a specific frequency of the complex sound can be picked out and heard clearly. In his book Helmholtz explains: When we "apply a resonator to the ear, most of the tones produced in the surrounding air will be considerably damped; but if the proper tone of the resonator is sounded, it brays into the ear most powerfully…. The proper tone of the resonator may even be sometimes heard cropping up in the whistling of the wind, the rattling of carriage wheels, the splashing of water."
A set of varied size resonators was sold to be used as discrete acoustic filters for the spectral analysis of complex sounds. There is also an adjustable type, called a universal resonator, which consists of two cylinders, one inside the other, which can slide in or out to change the volume of the cavity over a continuous range. An array of 14 of this type of resonator has been employed in a mechanical Fourier sound analyzer. This resonator can also emit a variable-frequency tone when driven by a stream of air in the "tone variator" invented by William Stern, 1897.
When air is forced into a cavity, the pressure inside increases. When the external force pushing the air into the cavity is removed, the higher-pressure air inside will flow out. Due to the inertia of the moving air the cavity will be left at a pressure slightly lower than the outside, causing air to be drawn back in. This process repeats, with the magnitude of the pressure oscillations increasing and decreasing asymptotically after the sound starts and stops.
The port (the neck of the chamber) is placed in the ear, allowing the experimenter to hear the sound and to determine its loudness. The resonant mass of air in the chamber is set in motion through the second hole, which is larger and doesn't have a neck.
A gastropod seashell can form a Helmholtz resonator with low Q factor, amplifying many frequencies, resulting in the "sounds of the sea".
The term Helmholtz resonator is now more generally applied to include bottles from which sound is generated by blowing air across the mouth of the bottle. In this case the length and diameter of the bottle neck also contribute to the resonance frequency and its Q factor.
By one definition a Helmholtz resonator augments the amplitude of the vibratory motion of the enclosed air in a chamber by taking energy from sound waves passing in the surrounding air. In the other definition the sound waves are generated by a uniform stream of air flowing across the open top of an enclosed volume of air.
Quantitative explanation
It can be shown that the resonant angular frequency is given by:
(rad/s),
where:
For cylindrical or rectangular necks, we have
,
where:
thus:
.
From the definition of mass density (
):
.
The speed of sound in a gas is given by:
,
thus, the resonance frequency is:
.
The length of the neck appears in the denominator because the inertia of the air in the neck is proportional to the length. The volume of the cavity appears in the denominator because the spring constant of the air in the cavity is inversely proportional to its volume. The area of the neck matters for two reasons. Increasing the area of the neck increases the inertia of the air proportionately, but also decreases the velocity at which the air rushes in and out.
Depending on the exact shape of the hole, the relative thickness of the sheet with respect to the size of the hole and the size of the cavity, this formula can have limitations. More sophisticated formulae can still be derived analytically, with similar physical explanations (although some differences matter). See for example the book by F. Mechels. Furthermore, if the mean flow over the resonator is high (typically with a Mach number above 0.3), some corrections must be applied.
Applications
Automotive
Helmholtz resonance sometimes occurs when a slightly open single car window makes a very loud sound, also called side window buffeting or wind throb.
Helmholtz resonance finds application in internal combustion engines (see airbox), subwoofers and acoustics. Intake systems described as 'Helmholtz Systems' have been used in the Chrysler V10 engine built for both the Dodge Viper and the Ram pickup truck, and several of the Buell tube-frame series of motorcycles.
The theory of Helmholtz resonators is used in motorcycle and car exhausts to alter the sound of the exhaust note and for differences in power delivery by adding chambers to the exhaust. Exhaust resonators are also used to reduce potentially loud engine noise where the dimensions are calculated so that the waves reflected by the resonator help cancel out certain frequencies of sound in the exhaust. In some two-stroke engines, a Helmholtz resonator is used to remove the need for a reed valve. A similar effect is also used in the exhaust system of most two-stroke engines, using a reflected pressure pulse to supercharge the cylinder (see Kadenacy effect).
During the early 2010s, some Formula 1 teams used Helmholtz resonators in their cars' exhaust systems to help even out the flow of gasses that were being used to seal the edges of their diffusers as part of their exhaust blow diffuser systems.
Aircraft
Helmholtz resonators are also used to build acoustic liners for reducing the noise of aircraft engines, for example. These acoustic liners are made of two components:
Such acoustic liners are used in most of today's aircraft engines. The perforated sheet is usually visible from inside or outside the airplane; the honeycomb is just under it. The thickness of the perforated sheet is of importance, as shown above. Sometimes there are two layers of liners; they are then called "2-DOF liners" (DOF meaning degrees of freedom), as opposed to "single DOF liners".
This effect might also be used to reduce skin friction drag on aircraft wings by 20%.
Architecture
Vitruvius, a 1st-century B.C. Roman architect, described the use of bronze or pottery resonators in classical theater design.
Helmholtz resonators are used in architectural acoustics to reduce undesirable low frequency sounds (standing waves, etc.) by building a resonator tuned to the problem frequency, thereby eliminating it.[citation needed]
Music (instruments and amplification)
In stringed instruments as old as the veena or sitar, or as recent as the guitar and violin, the resonance curve of the instrument has the Helmholtz resonance as one of its peaks, along with other peaks coming from resonances of the vibration of the wood. An ocarina is essentially a Helmholtz resonator where the combined area of the opened finger holes determines the note played by the instrument. The West African djembe is related to a Helmholtz resonator with a small neck area, giving it a deep bass tone, but its stretched skin, strongly coupled to the cavity makes it a more complex, and musically interesting, resonant system. It has been in use for thousands of years.[citation needed] Conversely, the human mouth is effectively a Helmholtz resonator when it is used in conjunction with a jaw harp, shepherd's whistle,[citation needed] nose whistle, nose flute. The nose blows air through an open nosepiece, into an air duct, and across an edge adjacent to the open mouth, creating the resonator. The volume and shape of the mouth cavity augments the pitch of the tone.
Helmholtz resonance is also used in bass-reflex speaker enclosures, with the compliance of the air mass inside the enclosure and the mass of air in the port forming a Helmholtz resonator. By tuning the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonator to the lower end of the loudspeaker's usable frequency range, the speaker's low-frequency performance is improved.
Other
Helmholtz resonance is one of the principles behind the way piezoelectric buzzers work: a piezoelectric disc acts as the excitation source, but it relies on the acoustic cavity resonance to produce an audible sound. | 6d97aa8a-8bb3-4aca-8fc4-0e519ea0cfdf |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo_Keyhole"} | 1966 American film
Mondo Keyhole is a 1966 film directed by Jack Hill in his directorial debut. A sexploitation drama, it covers themes such as the pornography business, drug-taking, rape, martial arts and revenge.
Plot
Howard Thorne is a rapist in Los Angeles: he meets women at work and at parties or he sees them walking down the street, and he follows them, terrifies them, and assaults them. He also dreams about these assaults, and he's unclear how much of what he's done is real and how much is fantasy. He ignores his heroin-using wife, Vicki, who tries everything she can think of to get his sexual attention. Howard and Vicki go separately to a costume party where she learns the full truth about his nature and where he is stalked by one of his recent victims. Individualized versions of Hell await Howard and Vicki.
Cast | d8dee095-259e-40e9-bfdb-d18bdc87ce31 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand_women%27s_national_beach_handball_team"} | The Thailand women's national beach handball team is the national team of Thailand. It is governed by the Handball Association of Thailand and takes part in international beach handball competitions.
Results
World Championships
Southeast Asian Beach Handball Championship | 430f9940-13d8-4f1f-866c-2468e88200a6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherbourg-Octeville"} | Delegated commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin in Normandy, France
Cherbourg-Octeville (French: [ʃɛʁbuʁ ɔkt(ə)vil] (
listen)) is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It was formed when Cherbourg and Octeville merged on 28 February 2000. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, of which it became a delegated commune. Its population was 35,338 in 2019.
Cherbourg-Octeville is represented by a delegate mayor (Sébastien Fagnen, elected in 2017) and a delegate municipal council.
Population
References and notes
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cherbourg-Octeville. | 32342a5c-df6a-4503-863f-c94dc27f0134 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cledus_Navidad"} | 2002 studio album by Cledus T. Judd
Cledus Navidad is a Christmas album released by country music artist Cledus T. Judd. The track "Merry Christmas from the Whole Fam Damily", included here, was previously on his 2000 album Just Another Day in Parodies. Also featured are two cover songs: "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer" (originally recorded by Elmo & Patsy) and "Santa Claus Is Watching You" (originally recorded by Ray Stevens). "Stephon the Alternative Lifestyle Reindeer" was later recorded by Mac McAnally on his 2004 album Semi-True Stories.
Track listing
Chart performance | c6017af3-325a-4c40-b395-2c9a5250ec00 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Romanov"} | Soviet politician
Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov (Russian: Григорий Васильевич Романов, scientific transliteration: Grigorij Vasil'evič Romanov; 7 February 1923 – 3 June 2008) was a Soviet politician and member of the Politburo and Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1985, he was considered Mikhail Gorbachev's main rival in the succession struggle after the death of Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985, the third Soviet leader to die in just a few short years.
Early life and career
Romanov was born in Novgorod Oblast into a Russian peasant family.
A soldier in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, Romanov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1944. Romanov graduated from the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute in 1953, and became a designer in a shipyard. He fulfilled several important posts in the party committee of the enterprise he was working at and later in the Leningrad city and regional party committees. In September 1970 he was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party Committee of the Leningrad Region. In this position he gained a reputation of being a good organizer and well versed in economic matters, winning defense investment for Leningrad. He was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the XXIVth congress of the CPSU in 1971. He became a candidate member of the Central Committee's Politburo in 1973 and a full member in 1976. In 1977 he initiated a successful vote to remove Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Nikolai Podgorny from the Politburo.
Secretary of the Central Committee
In 1983 Romanov attracted the attention of the new General Secretary Yuri Andropov, who subsequently brought him to Moscow and helped promote him in June 1983 to the very prestigious and influential post of a secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU responsible for industry and the military-industrial complex. During the few remaining months of Andropov's life Romanov was widely seen as one of Andropov's closest collaborators and was an ardent supporter of Andropov's comprehensive program for the reform, renewal and further development of socialism in the Soviet Union and beyond, a fact which stands in sharp contrast to the picture Gorbachev and his associates were later to paint of Romanov as a means of gaining advantage in the power struggles following Andropov's death in February 1984.
Romanov attracted international attention on November 5, 1983, during the height of Operation Able Archer. He addressed the Kremlin Palace of Congresses in order to commemorate the October Revolution, where he remarked:
The development of events in the world arena demands from us the highest vigilance, restraint, firmness and unremitting attention to the strengthening of the country's defense capability... Perhaps never before in the postwar decades has the situation in the world arena been as tense as it is now... Comrades! The international situation at present is white hot, thoroughly white hot.
Western analysts, unaware of the Exercise that was taking place and therefore uncertain as to why Romanov would describe the situation as "white hot", dismissed the remarks as Soviet propaganda.
During Konstantin Chernenko's short time in office as General Secretary in 1984–1985, Romanov already occupied a position clearly inferior to Gorbachev, who had been styled Second Secretary of the Central Committee since February 1984 and acted as chairman of the Politburo, Secretariat and Central Committee in the course of Chernenko's long periods of absence due to his illness.[citation needed]
Gorbachev vs. Romanov
Romanov was the second youngest member of the Politburo after Gorbachev. In the months preceding the death of Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985, Romanov and Gorbachev were commonly regarded to be chief rivals in the succession struggle for the post of General Secretary. Viktor Grishin was also considered a viable candidate.
However, after Chernenko's death Gorbachev emerged with the strongest position to succeed Chernenko. Andrei Gromyko, one of the oldest and widely respected Politburo members, nominated Gorbachev for the position of General Secretary of CPSU, both at the March 11 meeting of Politburo and subsequently at the March 1985 Plenum (meeting) of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Neither Romanov nor Grishin mounted a formal challenge to Gorbachev's bid and the votes in favor of Gorbachev, both in the March 11 meeting of Politburo and at the March Plenum, were unanimous.
End of career
Gorbachev quickly moved to oust Romanov following his ascent to become General Secretary. He informed him that he had no future under Gorbachev, and sacked him three months later. Romanov was forced to retire from the Politburo on 1 July 1985.
Romanov subsequently lived as a pensioner in Moscow. For several years he headed the "Association of Leningradians in Moscow". | fa8609ef-d489-4500-b802-2a4f4f02f8f3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Nkesiga"} | Diana Nkesiga was one of the first women to be ordained by the Anglican Church of Uganda. After earning her degree in theology, she was denied ordination but was permitted to become a commissioned worker in 1989 and a deacon in 1991. Passed over for the priesthood in 1992, she pushed authorities in both Uganda and then South Africa, where she was doing mission work to allow her to be ordained. Finally in 1994, she was ordained by the Anglican Church in Uganda. Returning to South Africa, she had difficulty finding a placement as a priest until Bishop Desmond Tutu intervened. After 13 years in South Africa, she returned to Uganda in 2005. She is currently the Vicar of All Saints' Cathedral in Kampala.
Biography
Diana Mirembe Barlow was born in 1960, in Munyonyo to Mary Nantongo and Hugo Barlow. After attending Nakasero Primary School and Gayaza High School, she entered the National Teacher's College Kyambogo in 1981. She graduated in 1983 with her certification as a teacher for English and religious education. When she completed her degree, she taught at Gayaza High School for three years before entering Bishop Tucker Theological College in 1986 in Mukono. Barlow met fellow student Solomon Nkesiga in September, 1986 and after a three-year friendship, they decided to marry and were wed at St. Francis Chapel in Makerere in 1989, the year of her graduation.
Solomon's first position was to teach at the Anglican Martyr’s Theological Seminary in Namugongo Nkesiga was given a status of commissioned worker in 1989, by the Anglican Church, but she was not allowed to preach. Commissioned workers were people who were not ordained but were more highly educated than lay readers, and were either unpaid or paid significantly less than ordained clergy. Instead, she made money from selling tomato sauce, which she had learned to make at a trade show. It was the era of war in Uganda, with the Ugandan Bush War followed by the insurgency and life was difficult. Nkesiga was made a deacon in 1991, and was scheduled to be ordained as a priest in 1992, but was passed over for the ceremony due to her pregnancy with the couple's second son. Later that year, they were offered the chance to do missionary work in South Africa and moved to the Diocese of Grahamstown, in Grahamstown, South Africa.
As Nkesiga was not allowed to preach, she raised their two sons and two adopted daughters and started a school which she called Stepping Stones, an English-speaking Christian school. She ran the school out of her own home, with her own funds until the church and the government later stepped in and provided funding. In 1994, they brought the question of female ordination to the Church of the Province of Southern Africa and it was rejected; however, Bishop Misaeri Kauma of Namirembe Cathedral called for her ordination in Uganda. Though his tenure ended, Bishop Balagadde Ssekadde, ordained her in 1994. She returned to South Africa, but no parish would have her and she was posted as a university chaplain at the University of Port Elizabeth. She received half the pay of male colleagues, with no benefits. A photograph taken of her around this time shows her in her collar, in front of a church holding a placard saying, “Unemployed female priest, two sons, one husband. God bless.” The turning point came in 1995, when Bishop Desmond Tutu insisted on her performing a communion service with him as the first participant in the rite. In 1997, Nkesiga began to work with HIV/AIDS programs. She was the first female pastor hired at Saint Augustine Church in the Anglican Diocese of Port Elizabeth and she served as chaplain for both the University of Port Elizabeth and the Port Elizabeth Technikon until they closed in 2004. At that time, she became the Chaplain at the St Francis Hospice and remained with that organization until the end of November 2005 when she returned to Uganda after 13 years in South Africa.
Initially upon return to Uganda, Nkesiga worked with Viva Network Africa, before being appointed Vicar of All Saints’ Cathedral in 2007. Nkesiga's husband Solomon, born 5 February 1960, died 23 March 2015, aged 55.
Bibliography | 81ba46be-7bbd-4ff6-9122-efcac4910214 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Brittany"} | Western region of Brittany
Lower Brittany (Breton: Breizh-Izel; French: Basse-Bretagne) denotes the parts of Brittany west of Ploërmel, where the Breton language has been traditionally spoken, and where the culture associated with this language is most prolific. The name is in distinction to Upper Brittany, the eastern part of Brittany, which is of a predominantly Romance culture.
History
Naming
The words "upper" and "lower" in the names of Upper and Lower Brittany refer to the relative positions of the capital. In the case of Brittany, Nantes and Rennes have both been the capital of the ancient province called Brittany. Other French regions are also divided into Lower (Bas or Basse) and Upper (Haut or Haute) parts - for example Lower Normandy, Basse-Lorraine, and Bas-Poitou. However, the French word "bas" is often understood as carrying negative connotations, implying "inferior in status". The Breton name of Lower Brittany, "Breizh Izel", is used in many Breton songs sung in French of the 19th and 20th centuries, perhaps because the Breton word "Izel" has no such negative connotations.
Line between Upper and Lower Brittany
Having been based on linguistic areas, the dividing line corresponds very roughly to administrative borders. It had already been established by the 14th century and has changed only slightly since, hand in hand with the pushing back of the Breton language.
In 1588, the historian Bertrand d'Argentré defined the border as running from the outskirts of Binic southwards down to Guérande, leaving the communes of Loudéac, Josselin, and Malestroit in Upper Brittany. In 1886, Paul Sébillot moved the frontier deeper into what had been Breton speaking territory, the line then running from Plouha to Batz-sur-Mer. Maps in the 17th century favour the latter. | 1b59e2e5-3fc5-4cda-ba1b-e66384009bc8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adis_Lagumdzija"} | Turkish volleyball player
Adis Lagumdzija (born 29 March 1999) is a Turkish professional volleyball player of Bosniak descent. He is a member of the Turkey national team. At the professional club level, he plays for Modena Volley.
Honours
Clubs
Individual awards | be0d8d8c-b766-4d49-900c-badf7e0fdaed |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schipdonk_Canal"} | The Schipdonk Canal (French: Canal de Schipdonk or Dérivation de la Lys; Dutch: Schipdonkkanaal or Afleidingskanaal van de Leie) is a canal in the Belgian provinces of East Flanders and West Flanders. With a length of 56 km (35 mi), the canal runs in a northerly direction from Deinze, turning to a north-western direction roughly halfway along its route to the North Sea with which it meets on the coast near to Heist. It crosses both the Ghent-Bruges Canal and for its final 20 km (12 mi) runs parallel with the Leopold Canal as it approaches the north Belgian coast. For most of this final section the two canals are separated only by a dyke.
History
The digging of this canal took place between 1846 and 1860. Along with the Leopold Canal it was one of the first major infrastructure projects of the newly independent Belgium.
In the middle part of the nineteenth century the economy of the Kortrijk region was dominated by the textile industry, with an emphasis on linen. This industry heavily polluted the Lys River. In order to divert the polluted water from the centre of Ghent, it was decided to cut the Schipdonk Canal which transported the pollution more directly to the North Sea, avoiding Ghent in the process. A further benefit from the canal involved protecting Ghent against the periodic flooding to which it had been subject. The third significant benefit was that the canal provided a relatively direct route for water transport from the industrially active Kortrijk district to the North Sea.
Nomenclature
The Schipdonk Canal is sometimes known as De Stinker ("the stinker") because of its traditionally polluted condition. This also contrasts with the condition of the Leopold Canal, sometimes known as De Blinker ("the shiner" or "the shining one"), recalling its relatively clear water[citation needed].
Recreation
Over virtually the full length of the canal the paths beside it are maintained as cycle paths. Together with the Ghent-Bruges Canal, the Schipdonk Canal is also used for recreational boat trips. | 3fc40ba3-71b6-4e12-b9df-4beb8b5bef45 |
null | Musical artist
Bellydance Superstars is a professional American bellydance troupe formed in 2002 by producer and manager Miles Copeland. In its first six years of touring, it presented 700 shows in 22 countries.
The line-up of performers has become increasingly diverse throughout the years and the repertoire incorporates elements of many different dance styles including traditional Egyptian bellydance, Turkish bellydance, American Tribal Style and Tribal Fusion. The troupe tours extensively in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Tours
The Bellydance Superstars, sometimes called BDSS, first toured in conjunction with the Lollapalooza 2003 music festival. Since then, the troupe has completed several full circuits of the world, infusing new cultural dance styles into the shows along the way.
"Bombay Bellywood" is their 75-stop tour that spanned the United States starting in October 2010. Several of the dancers learned some classical Indian dance for this trip.
Critical reception
The Bellydance Superstars have been described as "poised to be the next Riverdance." An academic study also compares the two companies, discussing their transformation of dance tradition into stage spectacle.
Media
In addition to live performances, the Bellydance Superstars company has produced instructional and performance DVDs with every level of learner in mind as well as a series of CDs featuring songs from their performances. Some of the dancers have created compilations of their personal favorites, such as Kami Liddle’s Tribal Beats for the Strange and Beautiful.
The company filmed a feature documentary called American Bellydancer. Several of the shows have been broadcast on national television in the USA, Latin America and Canada. The Bellydance Superstars Live in Paris show aired extensively on US public television station PBS. | fcac76c0-92c2-403e-a1dd-82bf65c5f046 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjorthagens_IP"} | Hjorthagens IP is a sports ground in Stockholm, Sweden. It has been used by Djurgårdens IF FF as practice ground; by the Djurgårdens IF handicap football association; and by Värtans IK. In winter it serves as an ice skating rink.
On 6 October 2012 three soccer fields using artificial turf were opened. | 8f7be04d-ef2e-446c-b09c-8456d0c41338 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbj%C3%B6rn_Thoresson"} | Swedish sprint canoer (born 1959)
Nils Torbjörn Thoresson (born December 29, 1959) is a Swedish sprint canoer who competed from the early to mid-1980s. He won a silver medal in the K-4 10000 m event at the 1985 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Mechelen.
Thoresson also finished ninth in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Thoresson went on spending his professional career as a Fire Fighter and retired 2019. Not to settle down in retirement but to continue working as a PE-teacher. He lives a quiet family life and still enjoys canoeing. | 30b3d6c0-2acb-46c6-9da3-2498a5c253b8 |
null | Australian poet and literary critic
A.J. Carruthers is an Australian-born literary critic and experimental poet.
Biography
A.J. Carruthers (also aj carruthers) was born in Sydney, and is of mixed/Asian heritage. Since 2011, he has been writing a long poem called AXIS. His critical work has focused on North American and contemporary Australian poetry and poetics. He is an editor of Southerly, Rabbit Poetry Journal and the founder of SOd press.
Published works
Books
Anthologies
Exhibitions | e450f392-b1bf-468c-a0e2-4e116d89a19c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._W._Marland"} | American politician (1874–1941)
Ernest Whitworth Marland, known as E. W. Marland (May 8, 1874 – October 3, 1941), was an American lawyer, oil businessman in Pennsylvania and Oklahoma, and politician who was a U.S. representative and Oklahoma governor. He served in the United States House of Representatives from northern Oklahoma, 1933 to 1935 and as the tenth governor of Oklahoma from 1935 to 1939. As a Democrat, he initiated a "Little Deal" in Oklahoma during the Great Depression, working to relieve the distress of unemployed people in the state, and to build infrastructure as investment for the future.
Marland made fortunes in oil in Pennsylvania in the 1900s and in Oklahoma in the 1920s, and lost each in the volatility of the industry and the times. At the height of his wealth in the 1920s, Marland built a mansion known as the Palace of the Prairies in Ponca City, after introducing fox hunts (and red foxes) and polo games to the local elite society. It has been designated a National Historic Landmark. The Marland-Paris Mansion, his former home on Grand Avenue, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Marland and his first wife Virginia did not have any children. To share their wealth and help her sister Margaret Roberts and her family, in 1916 they adopted their two children, George and Lydie, who were then 19 and 16 years old. The Marlands sent them to private school and gave them other advantages. Two years after Virginia's death in 1926, Marland had Lydie's adoption annulled. He married Lydie Roberts that year, and she later accompanied him to Washington, D.C., and the governor's mansion.
Early life and education
Ernest Whitworth Marland was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on May 8, 1874. His father was a mill owner in Pittsburgh who boasted in his later years that he never had a strike in his mill and his workers remembered him as having been "always fair to labor". This gave the son his belief in capitalism and his understanding of the importance of good labor relations.
Marland was educated in private schools, he did collegiate and law studies on an accelerated schedule, earning his LL.B. from the University of Michigan Law School at the age of 19 in 1893.
Marriage and family
Unlike many men of the period, Marland waited to marry until he was well-established. He first married Mary Virginia Collins, known as Virginia, on November 5, 1903, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. By 1907 he had become a millionaire from his oil dealings in Pennsylvania, but lost a fortune in a downturn. They decided to move to Oklahoma, where they found renewed success in its oil boom. They had no children of their own.
In 1916, to help her sister Margaret Roberts and her husband George and to share their wealth, they adopted the Roberts' two children: George and Lydie, then 19 and 16, respectively. They sent them to private schools and gave them other opportunities. The Marlands were together until Virginia's death on June 6, 1926, in Ponca City, Kay County, Oklahoma from pneumonia.
Two years later, E. W. Marland had Lydie Roberts Marland's adoption annulled. On July 14, 1928, he married Lydie Roberts in Philadelphia. She was 28 and he was 54. They were together until his death on October 3, 1941.
Career
After law school, Marland returned to Pittsburgh where he started a private practice. Through his experiences as an attorney, he became interested in geology and entered the developing oil industry in Pennsylvania. He invested in new wells and companies and, by the age of 33, Marland had become a self-made millionaire.
That same year, Marland lost millions in the panic of 1907. By 1908, Marland was broke and without a job. Hoping to start their lives over, Marland and Virginia moved to the new state of Oklahoma. They settled in Ponca City, where he resumed his oil career.
He first founded the 101 Ranch Oil Company. Marland was successful in reestablishing his fortune and, by 1920, it was estimated at $85,000,000 (roughly $910,000,000 in modern dollars). That year he founded the Marland Oil Company in Ponca City (it was incorporated in Delaware on October 8, 1920) and served as its president. In 1928, the Marland Oil Company was taken over in a hostile bid process by J. P. Morgan, Jr. and was merged with Continental Oil and Transportation Company (CONOCO). Marland's oil empire was destroyed and he was pushed out of the company and replaced as President of Marland Oil by Dan Moran. He lost all of his wealth for the second time. He and William Skelly were instrumental in the founding of the Kansas-Oklahoma division of the United States Oil and Gas Association, then known as "Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association".
Congressman
Despite his big business background, Marland was not a Republican. His treatment at the hands of Morgan and other eastern monopoly giants gave him a distrust of them, leading him to register as a Democrat. Marland supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs from the beginning of his presidency. Through association with FDR, Marland was elected in 1932 to the United States House of Representatives to represent Oklahoma's 8th congressional district, since disbanded. Marland was the first Democrat to hold that seat in 15 years.
Marland served in Congress for a single term, from 1933 to 1935. He declined reelection after entering the Democratic primaries to succeed Governor William H. Murray. Marland won both the Democratic nomination and the election in November 1934 to serve as the tenth governor of the state.
Governor of Oklahoma
On January 15, 1935, Marland was inaugurated as governor. Several years before, the widower had married Lydie Roberts Marland, his former adopted daughter. She was then 28 and he was 54. She became First Lady of the state.
Marland quickly instituted a program that would become known as the "Little New Deal". From the start, the Oklahoma House and Oklahoma Senate were not in favor of his plans. The legislature was more concerned with reducing the state's massive deficit (roughly a quarter of billion dollars in modern currency). Marland, an avid supporter of FDR, stressed the need for the state government to work with the federal government in creating jobs and support for families.
Despite Marland's efforts, most Oklahoman politicians never fully embraced the New Deal. What the Legislature would accept was a homestead exemption provision to the state's ad valorem taxes, increased school funds, and raising the state sales tax to two percent. Marland introduced legislation to appropriate funds raised by the sales tax for aid to the handicapped, the elderly, and dependent children.
At this time, Oklahoma had an estimated 150,000 Oklahomans that were unemployed and 700,000 on relief. Marland asked the Fifteenth Legislature for a board to craft policy to develop the physical infrastructure of the state with investments to create a more diverse economy. The Legislature responded with the 15-member State Planning and Resources Board. The Board worked with FDR's Works Progress Administration to create jobs through public works projects such as construction of dams and tree planting. The State Highway Department expanded its road work and created thousands of jobs. Historic properties and renovated, archeological excavations were undertaken to identify and preserve resources, and other resources were enhanced.
Though he did not balance the state's budget, Marland created the Oklahoma Highway Patrol and the Interstate Oil Compact. Through the Compact, six oil-producing states agreed to practice oil conservation and establish a fair price for petroleum. The governing body of the Compact was a commission, of which Marland was elected to serve as the first president.
Marland's term as governor ended on January 9, 1939. Through more than 1,300 WPA projects, he had created jobs for more than 90,000 Oklahomans. After his term, he returned to Ponca City and tried to recreate the Marland Oil Company [citation needed].
In 1940, Marland ran for the United States House of Representatives again but was unsuccessful against a Republican candidate.
Pioneer Woman statue
In the early 1920s while enjoying his great oil wealth, Marland decided to commission a statue, the Pioneer Woman, for installation in Ponca City. Marland was asked, "E. W., why don't you have sculptor Jo Davidson make a statue to the vanishing American, a Ponca, Otoe, or an Osage – a monument of great size?" Marland answered, "The Indian is not the vanishing American – it's the pioneer woman."
Marland commissioned twelve miniature 3-foot (0.91 m) sculptures by US and international sculptors as models for the Pioneer Woman statue. Marland paid each sculptor a commission for these models, which has been variously cited as $10,000 and as $2,000 for each submission. The miniatures were shipped for exhibit in twelve cities, where they were viewed by a total of 750,000 people. Marland invited them to cast votes for their favorite but said he would make the final selection.
The twelve submissions included Confident by Bryant Baker; Self-Reliant by Alexander Stirling Calder; Trusting by Jo Davidson; Affectionate by James E. Fraser; Protective by John Gregory; Adventurous by F. Lynn Jenkins; Heroic by Mario Korbel; Faithful by Arthur Lee; Challenging by Hermon Atkins MacNeil; Determined by Maurice Sterne; Fearless by Wheeler Williams; and Sturdy by Mahonri Young. The New York Times reported on March 27, 1927, that the exhibition had arrived in New York City and that it had attracted "more interest than any exhibition of sculpture New York has known in a long while." After being exhibited for three weeks in the Reinhardt Galleries, Bryant Baker's model won first place in the New York balloting. The Times reported that "Baker not only won first honors, but was the last man to enter the contest having no more than a month to prepare his model and obtain a casting."
I believe all of the sculptors have done well. We could select any one of the twelve figures and get an excellent interpretation of the frontier woman. The decision will be a hard one to make. I expect to be guided largely by public taste, but the final decision will be my own. This national vote is going to show exactly what the American people think about one of the greatest of their women.
The exhibition touched a popular chord in American culture of the time. The New York Times reported on March 27, 1927, that among the visitors was 91‑year‑old Betty Wollman, who as a young bride had journeyed from St. Louis, Missouri, to Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1855. She had once entertained Abraham Lincoln as a dinner guest in the Wollman household, long before he was a candidate for president. Wollman spoke about women's role during pioneer days in the Old West and congratulated Marland for his proposal to erect a statue in her honor.
The winning statue nationwide was Confident, which featured a woman and her son, by the British-born American sculptor Bryant Baker. Marland's personal favorite was said to be Trusting by Jo Davidson, who had already sculpted statues of Marland and his adopted children: George and Lydie.
On April 22, 1930, at a reception for 40,000 guests, Baker's sculpture was unveiled in Ponca City in a public ceremony. Guest speaker Will Rogers paid tribute to Oklahoma's pioneers. President Herbert Hoover addressed the nation in a radio broadcast to commemorate the statue. He said, "It was those women who carried the refinement, the moral character and spiritual force into the West.
The finished Pioneer Woman is 27 feet (8.2 m) high and weighs 12,000 pounds.
Death
Marland died of a heart condition on October 3, 1941, at the age of 67. He is buried in Ponca City.
Movie about Marland
Commemoration
State of the State speeches
Citations | 56465b9d-59f6-4a80-b749-d39decd529db |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantelle_(Chopin)"} | The Tarantelle in A-flat major, Op. 43 is a short piano piece in tarantella form, written by Frédéric Chopin in June 1841 and published in October 1841. It takes about 3 minutes to play.
It is a moto perpetuo marked Presto, and requires an advanced technique. It was inspired by Gioachino Rossini's song La Danza, also written in the tarantella's characteristic 6/8 rhythm. Chopin went to some lengths to ensure the time signature was the same as Rossini's, and enlisted his friend Julian Fontana to check the best editions of Rossini's work for this detail. The manuscript shows Chopin changed his time signature from 12/8 to 6/8. There is no evidence the work was commissioned, nor was it dedicated to anyone.
Robert Schumann described it as being in "Chopin's most extravagant manner; we see before us the dancer, whirling as if possessed, until our senses reel. To be sure, nobody could call this music lovely, but we willingly forgive the master his wild fantasy. For is he not once in a while permitted to display the dark side of his soul?..."
Chopin himself said, "I hope I won't write anything as dreadful too soon". Despite this self-criticism, it has become a recording favourite, although it is less frequently performed in recital. | 8bce8d1b-4093-4618-8d16-9335668877c6 |
null | Place in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea
Central Bougainville District is a district of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville of Papua New Guinea. Its capital is Arawa-Kieta. | 19726833-47c3-4cf8-a6bf-e33e30569c77 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempt_to_Kill"} | 1961 film directed by Royston Morley
Attempt to Kill is a 1961 British film. It was a rare feature directed by Royston Morley, and based on a story by Edgar Wallace, The Lone House Mystery. It was one of a series of Edgar Wallace Mysteries, British second-features, produced at Merton Park Studios in the 1960s.
Premise
A businessman fires one of his employees, then someone tries to murder him. The fired man becomes the prime suspect.
Cast | 9d2ac32a-3007-4089-ad43-6a271b2b2db2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Kinda_Lover"} | 1981 single by Billy Squier
"My Kinda Lover" is a rock song written and performed by American hard rock singer and guitarist Billy Squier. It was the third and final single released from his Triple Platinum 1981 album Don't Say No, following "In the Dark".
It peaked at number 45 on the United States Billboard Hot 100, and number 43 on the Cash Box Top 100 chart in early 1982. It also reached number 31 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.
Charts
Later uses | 23ff75bf-96b9-44b6-a945-106b23124d85 |
null | French TV series or program
Bob Morane is a French television series produced by Robert Vernay based on the character of the same name that was created by Henri Vernes. This series was first broadcast on 28 March 1965 on ORTF.
Synopsis
This series features the adventures of Bob Morane, at the same time journalist, engineer, expert in weapons and martial arts, often with the help of his "sidekick "Bill Ballantine, confronting dictatorships, dangerous megalomaniacs and secret societies around the world and, occasionally," The Time ".
Cast
Episode list | 9a91d652-fb5d-48a4-95df-ee93a152f06d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincy_Smith"} | Baseball player
Quincy O. Smith (February 3, 1918 – January 18, 2002) was an American outfielder who played in Negro league baseball and the Minor leagues. Listed at 5' 10, 171 lb., he was a switch hitter and threw right-handed. His older brother, Gene Smith, also played in the Negro and Minor leagues.
Career
Negro league career
Smith entered the Negro leagues in 1943, playing in part of two seasons for the Cleveland Buckeyes and the Pittsburgh Crawfords before joining the Birmingham Black Barons in 1945. He hit a .284 batting average for Birmingham during the first half of the season, but jumped to the Mexico City Reds of the Mexican League for the rest of the year. Once Major League Baseball started signing Negro league talent, he received a shot at organized baseball from 1949 through 1953, but never made it to the majors.
Minor league career
Smith spent six years in the minor leagues, all in the Mississippi–Ohio Valley League while playing with four teams. He compiled four seasons with a batting average over .300, with a career-high of .317 in 1952 as a member of the Paris Lakers. He also was selected for the All-Star Team that faced the Decatur Commodores in the 1953 MSOH All-Star Game. Overall, he was a .305 hitter (788-for-2584), including 165 doubles, 55 triples, 45 home runs, and a .454 slugging percentage in 653 games played.
Post-baseball life
After the end of his baseball career, Smith worked 21 years at Amatarp, General Cable Corporation, in St. Louis, Missouri. He also coached baseball at the American Legion, in Paris, Illinois, and for a little league team in Terre Haute, Indiana. before his death there in 2002.
Sources | d05d54be-6012-4a4d-ba0f-3f2dedf828ce |
null | Government regulation or law that requires health insurance to cover contraceptive costs
A contraceptive mandate is a government regulation or law that requires health insurers, or employers that provide their employees with health insurance, to cover some contraceptive costs in their health insurance plans.
In 1978, the United States Congress ruled that discrimination on the basis of pregnancy was discrimination on the basis of sex. In 2000, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ruled that companies that provided insurance for prescription drugs to their employees but excluded birth control were violating the Civil Rights Act of 1964. President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on 23 March 2010. As of 1 August 2011, female contraception was added to a list of preventive services covered by the ACA that would be provided without patient co-payment. The federal mandate applied to all new health insurance plans in all states from 1 August 2012.
Grandfathered plans did not have to comply unless they changed substantially. To be grandfathered, a group plan must have existed or an individual plan must have been sold before President Obama signed the law; otherwise they were required to comply with the new law. The Guttmacher Institute said that even before the federal mandate was implemented, twenty-eight states had their own mandates that required health insurance to cover prescription contraceptives, but the federal mandate innovated by forbidding insurance companies from charging part of the cost to the patient. In 2017, the Trump administration issued a ruling letting insurers and employers refuse to provide birth control if doing so would violate their religious beliefs or moral convictions.
Birth control and unintended pregnancy
In the United States, contraceptive use saves about $21 million in direct medical costs each year.
About half of U.S. pregnancies are unintended. Highly effective contraceptives, such as intrauterine devices (IUDs), are underused in the United States. Increasing use of highly effective contraceptives could help meet the goal set forward in Healthy People 2020 to decrease unintended pregnancy by 10% before 2020. Cost to the user is one factor preventing many US women from using more effective contraceptives. Making contraceptives available without a copay increases use of highly effective methods, reduces unintended pregnancies, and may be instrumental in achieving the Healthy People 2020 goal.
Federal female contraception mandate before ACA
Certain aspects of the contraception mandate did not start with the ACA. In December 2000, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ruled that companies that provided prescription drugs to their employees but didn't provide birth control were in violation of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which prevents discrimination on the basis of sex. That opinion, which the George W. Bush administration did nothing to alter or withdraw when it took office the next month, is still in effect today[when?] – and because it relies on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, it applies to all employers with 15 or more employees. Currently,[when?] employers that do not offer prescription coverage or do not offer insurance at all are exempt, because they treat men and women equally, but the new mandate will require prescription coverage.[citation needed]
After the EEOC opinion was approved in 2000, reproductive rights groups and employees who wanted birth control access sued employers that refused to comply. The next year, in Erickson v. Bartell Drug Co., a federal court[specify] agreed with the EEOC's reasoning. Reproductive rights groups and others used that decision as leverage to force other companies to settle lawsuits and agree to change their insurance plans to include birth control. Some subsequent court decisions echoed Erickson, and some went the other way, but the rule (absent a Supreme Court decision) remained, and over the following decade, the percentage of employer-based plans offering contraceptive coverage tripled to 90%.
In 1978, the U.S. Congress made it clear that discrimination on the basis of pregnancy was discrimination on the basis of sex. In 2000, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ruled that companies that provided insurance for prescription drugs to their employees but excluded birth control were violating the Civil Rights Act of 1964. President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on 23 March 2010. As of 1 August 2011, contraception was added by HHS regulation to a list of preventive services covered by the ACA per regulation that would be provided without patient co-payment. The federal mandate applies to all new health insurance plans in all states from 1 August 2012. Grandfathered plans do not have to comply unless they change substantially. To be grandfathered, a group plan must have existed or an individual plan must have been sold before President Obama signed the law; otherwise they must comply with the new law. The Guttmacher Institute noted that even before the federal mandate was implemented, 28 states had their own mandates that required health insurance to cover the prescription contraceptives, but the federal mandate innovated by forbidding insurance companies from charging part of the cost to the patient.
ACA mandatory coverage for contraceptives
With the exception of churches and houses of worship, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act mandates female contraceptive coverage for all employers and educational institutions, even though the mandate itself is not included in the wording of the law(s) passed by Congress. The mandate applies to all new health insurance plans effective August 2012. It controversially includes Christian hospitals, Christian charities, Catholic universities, and other enterprises owned or controlled by religious organizations that oppose contraception on doctrinal grounds.
On January 20, 2012, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius announced a (then) final rule of an August 1, 2011 interim final rule on health insurance coverage with no cost sharing for FDA-approved contraceptives and contraceptive services (including female sterilization) for women of reproductive age if prescribed by health care providers, as part of women's preventive health services guidelines adopted by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) for the Affordable Care Act. Male contraception is not eligible.
Regulations made under the act rely on the recommendations of the independent Institute of Medicine (IOM) in its July 19, 2011 report Clinical Preventive Services for Women: Closing the Gaps, which concluded that birth control is medically necessary "to ensure women's health and well-being".
The administration allowed a religious exemption. The exemption initially applied to church organizations themselves, but not to affiliated nonprofit corporations, like hospitals, that do not rely primarily on members of the faith as employees. An amendment, the Blunt Amendment, was proposed that "would have allowed employers to refuse to include contraception in health care coverage if it violated their religious or moral beliefs", but it was voted down 51–48 by the U.S. Senate on March 1, 2012.
In May 2015 the Obama administration stated that under the ACA, at least one form of all 18 FDA-approved methods of birth control for women must be covered without cost-sharing. These 18 methods include: sterilization surgery, surgical sterilization implant, implantable rod, copper intrauterine device, IUDs with progestin (a hormone), shot/injection, oral contraceptives (the pill), with estrogen and progestin, oral contraceptives with progestin only, oral contraceptives, known as extended or continuous use that delay menstruation, the patch, vaginal contraceptive ring, diaphragm, sponge, cervical cap, female condom, spermicide, emergency contraception (Plan B/morning-after pill), and emergency contraception (a different pill called Ella). All forms of male birth control are exempt from mandatory coverage under the ACA and the "ObamaCare Facts" page explicitly states that "Plans aren't required to cover services related to a man's reproductive capacity, like vasectomies."
Opposition to contraceptive mandate
In February 2012, a major political controversy erupted with candidates for the Republican nomination for President viewing the regulations as a "direct attack on religious liberty". The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops has since taken the lead in opposition to the regulations. Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan, the archbishop of New York and president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, stated that the provision "represents a challenge and a compromise of our religious liberty". The regulations issued under the act are also opposed by active Christian Evangelicals. Other organizations, such as Planned Parenthood, supported the provision.
Obama administration opt-out proposal
In response to the criticism, the Obama administration proposed changes under which birth control medication would be provided by the insurers without direct involvement by the religious organization. Regulations were issued on March 16, 2012 for employees of enterprises controlled by religious institutions which self insure. Further regulations were issued on March 16, 2012 which require coverage for students at institutions controlled by religious organizations which purchase insurance. It is believed by the federal government that it is not possible under current law to require contraceptive coverage for students at institutions controlled by religious organizations which self insure.
Response to opt-out regulations
The Catholic Health Association (CHA) accepted this compromise. Although initially more supportive, Sister Carol Keehan, CEO of the CHA, registered opposition in a five-page letter to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The vice president of Catholic identity and mission at Mount St. Mary's University, Stuart Swetland, said, "It shows [Obama] and the administration are listening to our concerns", but reserved the right to "examine the details". However, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops continued to oppose the regulation, saying that the regulation still requires Catholics in the insurance industry to violate their consciences. Catholic opinion is split with a The New York Times/CBS News poll showing 57% support of the regulations among Catholic voters and about the same by non-Catholics.
In June 2013, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals allowed a lawsuit against the mandate by arts and crafts retailer Hobby Lobby to proceed. The Green family objected to contraceptives which they believe may prevent implantation of a fertilized egg, which, according to pro-life advocacy organizations, include the emergency contraceptives Plan B (levonorgestrel), ella (ulipristal acetate), and copper IUDs. In July 2013, the Third Circuit denied a preliminary injunction requested by Conestoga Wood Specialties Corporation, a cabinet manufacturing company owned by a Mennonite family, requesting an exemption from the mandate on religious grounds. Both of these rulings were appealed to the Supreme Court, which granted certiorari on the consolidated cases to resolve the split. Another decision by the Sixth Circuit in a similar case had been appealed to the Supreme Court, and was being held pending the court's decision in the other two cases.
As of January 2014, at least 28 states in the US have contraceptive mandates; however, 20 of them allow some exceptions; four of those attempt to bridge the gap by letting employees buy coverage at the group rate.
Supreme Court review
A number of challenges to the contraceptive mandate have been brought to the Supreme Court by different types of organizations.
Closely held for-profit corporations
On June 30, 2014, the Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby that under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), closely held for-profit corporations are exempt from the contraceptive mandate, if they object on religious grounds, because the accommodation offered to objecting non-profits would be a less restrictive way to achieve the ACA's interest. Justice Anthony Kennedy, one of the majority justices, wrote in a concurring opinion that the government "makes the case that the mandate serves the Government's compelling interest in providing insurance coverage that is necessary to protect the health of female employees", but that the RFRA's least-restrictive way requirement was not met because "there is an existing, recognized, workable, and already-implemented framework to provide coverage", the non-profit accommodation.
Religious institutions
On February 15, 2012, Priests for Life v. HHS was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York challenging the constitutionality of the contraceptive mandate on behalf of Priests for Life, a national Catholic pro-life organization that was based in New York City, but is now headquartered in Titusville, Florida. The case was dismissed by U.S. District Court Judge Frederic Block for lack of ripeness because the new compromise regulations were not yet finalized. On November 6, 2015 the Supreme Court of the United States decided to review the case combined with 6 other similar challenges to the contraceptive mandate. The case is titled Zubik v. Burwell and the six other challenges include Priests for Life v. Burwell, Southern Nazarene University v. Burwell, Geneva College v. Burwell, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Washington v. Burwell, East Texas Baptist University v. Burwell and Little Sisters of the Poor Home for the Aged v. Burwell.
Due to the death of Justice Antonin Scalia before the case was decided, the Supreme Court was deadlocked on Zubik. Instead of issuing a decision, it ordered the cases back to lower courts and ordered the HHS and other responsible departments to work with the parties to come up with new rules for exemptions for the mandate that took into account the parties' concerns. As part of this, by the end of 2016, an initial period of requests for input has been opened as part of the new rule-making procedure.
Trump administration change
Shortly after taking office, President Donald Trump issued Executive Order 13798, "Promoting Free Speech and Religious Liberty" in May 2017 to urge the departments responsible for the ACA to issue a conscience-based exemption for the contraceptive mandate as soon as possible. By October 2017, the HHS and other agencies issued a ruling letting insurers and employers refuse to provide birth control if doing so violates their religious beliefs or moral convictions.
Several states immediately challenged the new rules in multiple court cases, believing the rules bypassed the process that the Supreme Court has issued in Zubik. In separate cases from the Third and Ninth Circuits, the rules were found to be in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act having been issued in an arbitrary and capricious manner, and a nationwide injunction was placed on their enforcement. The injunction was challenged at the Supreme Court by the government in Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania. There, in July 2020, the Court ruled in a 7–2 that the new rules were valid and put into place properly, lifting the injunction.
Reactions
More Democratic politicians favor these mandates than Republican politicians. Barbara Boxer, Democratic Party Senator for California, and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi favor the Obama policy.
Darrell Issa, a Republican congressman from California, said that Americans are divided on this issue: "While some Americans may not feel that forcing them to pay for contraception are an infringement on their religious beliefs, others consider it to be an assault against their freedom of conscience." Issa's February 2012 hearing on the matter was criticized[by whom?] for including only men from conservative religious institutions, and no women.
Framing the issue
Some people[who?] see the matter as primarily one of women's health, such as the National Women's Law Center. Others[who?] see it as a matter of religious freedom.
Certain consumers of mandatory health insurance, such as students matriculated at colleges of further education, have criticized what they perceive to be discrimination in provision or in practice: employer-provided plans that cover University faculty and staff may be subject to legal mandates whereas plans that cover the student body may not. Sandra Fluke was invited to present oral arguments on behalf of certain female student consumers dissatisfied with restrictions attached to registration for undergraduate and graduate attendance at Georgetown University School of Law. | afe19e79-9507-4878-81e7-9c21a8c2b699 |
null | Roman Catholic prelate (1931–2022)
Joseph Mittathany (12 July 1931 – 11 July 2022) was an Indian Roman Catholic prelate.
Mittathany was born in Kalikave and was ordained to the priesthood in 1959. He served as the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tezpur, India, from 1969 to 1980 and then served as bishop and then archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Imphal, India, from 1980 until his retirement in 2006. | ccc989aa-aa79-4456-969b-554fa3b7e227 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_Lu%C4%8Dani"} | Village in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gornji Lučani (Cyrillic: Горњи Лучани) is a village in the municipality of Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 369. | 64f11897-e5a8-46d3-a431-95a8944c38d8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_Doyoe_Cudjoe-Ghansah"} | Ghanaian politician
Comfort Doyoe Cudjoe-Ghansah (born 3 November 1967) is a Ghanaian politician and the Member of Parliament for Ada constituency. She served as the Minister of State in charge of Social and Allied Institutions. She is currently the Deputy Chief Whip in the Parliament of Ghana.
Early life and education
Comfort Doyoe Cudjoe-Ghansah was born in Big Ada, Greater Accra Region on 3 November 1967. Comfort earned her Diploma in Stenographership from Royal Academy of Accounting, Accra in 1983. She earned a certificate in Radio and TV Presentation from the Ghana Institute of Journalism in 2011.
Political life
Cudjoe-Ghansah is the Member of Parliament for Ada constituency, and sits on the committees for gender and children, and on foreign affairs. She was the Minister of State for the Ghanaian government on Social and Allied Institutions, having been named to the role in January 2013 by President of Ghana John Dramani Mahama. She denied accusations in 2014 that she had bribed assembly members to reject a District Chief Executive nominated by the President. Her name was cleared at an emergency meeting in the region.
She met with the Chinese Ambassador to Ghana later that year to discuss joint working on health and the well-being of children.
In 2016, she presented computers on behalf of the government to the head of the Ghanaian civil service, and over 500 desks to schools within her constituency. In a low key ceremony, she stressed the importance of education to Ghanaian citizens.
Politics
Cudjoe-Ghansah contested and won the National Democratic Congress parliamentary seat for Ada Constituency in the Greater Accra Region. She won this seat during the 2016 Ghanaian general elections. Three other candidates namely Kanor Saakey of the New Patriotic Party, Asupah Manasseh of National Democratic Party and Daniel Katey Ossah of Convention People's Party also contested in the 2016 by-election of Ada constituency held in 2016. Cudjoe-Ghansah won the election by obtaining 18,954 votes out of the 23,570 cast, representing 80.42 percent of total valid votes. In 2020 Cudjoe-Ghansah retained her seat, with 27,591 votes, gaining 82.14% of the votes cast for the Ada seat in Parliament.
Personal life
She is a Christian who is married with six children. She has spoken at events which have sought to bring religious cohesiveness to the area, praising the peace within Ghana. | ed05ea71-4894-49de-8027-fa01ceb74f87 |
null | Military frontier is a generic geographical term for: | 740f031d-b76f-4637-bcbf-2317f7bbeb3c |
null | Genus of beetles
Paroster is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae, containing the following species:
together with these (listed as valid by the Australian Faunal Directory): | 8d6b847b-f574-44bc-9529-4561f0b84ee5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeong_River"} | The Yeong River is a river in Mungyeong City, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It flows into the Nakdong River, which in turn flows into the Sea of Japan (East Sea). The river rises from Hwabuk-myeon in Sangju, and drains most of western Mungyeong and parts of northern Sangju. From tip to tail, it covers a total of 66.2 km² and drains an area of 913.7 km². The Yeong flows into the Nakdong at the southeastern corner of Mungyeong between Yeongsun-myeon and Sangju's Sabeol-myeon.
During most of the 20th century, coal mines were widespread throughout the Yeong valley, and the quality of the river was heavily degraded. As the water has cleared in recent years, efforts have been made to improve the river's potential to support tourism. The river flows past Jinnam Bridge, which is known as one of the most beautiful places in North Gyeongsang and is a popular symbol of Mungyeong. In addition, rafting trips are now often organized along the Yeong. The river has also become a noted spot for recreational fishing for species including Korean aucha perch, catfish, dark chub, and pale chub.
The Yeong may take its name from the Ying River in China, which is identified by the same Chinese character. | 46a607f9-0320-4c1b-a6e2-7303a30a09c4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietopotamon"} | Genus of crabs
Vietopotamon is a genus of freshwater crabs, recorded from Thailand (V. phuluangense) and Vietnam (V. aluoiense). Both are known from single localities and are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Species | 64d5b423-4549-4514-9dca-d49d72af35d2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Augusto_da_Silva"} | Brazilian politician
Rodrigo Augusto da Silva (7 December 1833 — 17 October 1889), nicknamed "the diplomat", was a politician, diplomat, lawyer, monarchist and journalist of the Empire of Brazil. He is best known as the minister that authored and countersigned with Princess Isabel, then Princess Imperial Regent the law that ended slavery in Brazil. Rodrigo was born in São Paulo into a family of wealthy financiers. His father, the Baron of Tietê, was also a politician and leader of the conservative party in São Paulo.
Rodrigo became a deputy in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil when he was 24 years old and served a total of seven terms representing the province of São Paulo. He later served as President of the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo, cabinet minister in two conservative governments and senator of the empire. Even though he died relatively young his career lasted over 30 years. In his first year as a deputy and throughout his career he defended policies to increase immigration from Europe, industrialization of the empire, improvement of infrastructure, modernization of the financial system and access to credit for the agricultural sector.
Early life
Rodrigo Augusto da Silva was born on 7 December 1833, in the imperial city of São Paulo, capital of the province of São Paulo. He was the son of José Manuel da Silva and Maria Reducinda da Cunha e Silva. He had one older brother named Candido Justiniano and two sisters, named Raphaela and Joaquina Angelica. Rodrigo was the paternal grandson of José da Silva de Carvalho, a municipal judge and commanding officer of the Portuguese ordinances in Santo Amaro. Rodrigo's grandfather was a wealthy land owner and capitalist that acted as a private mortgage lender. Rodrigo's father followed his father's steps and got involved in commerce and finance in the city of São Paulo. In his banking career José Manuel became president of the São Paulo branch of the Bank of Brazil and the Caixa Econômica. As a leader of the moderate party, later conservative party, José Manuel was part of the government of São Paulo in the years after the Independence of Brazil, serving in different positions in the municipal and provincial governments.
Rodrigo attended the Largo de São Francisco Law School where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1856. In law school he was a member of a secret society called Brasilica. This society was founded by law students and had as its main objective the strengthening of conservative ideas. The society counted among the initiated political figures connected to Rodrigo and the conservative party, among them Antonio da Silva Prado, Thomas Coelho and Delfino Cintra. According to a biographer, in his academic years Rodrigo "revealed a lucid and easy intelligence, firmness of character, unbreakable dedication, clear vision and noble political ideas." Rodrigo spoke and wrote notoriously well, had a passion for classical literature and knew how to dress with great elegance. These characteristics would later afford him the nickname "the diplomat". While still a student in 1856 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo, he finished his senior year and occupied a seat in the Legislative Assembly at the same time. In 1857 he moved to Rio de Janeiro to occupy a seat in the Chamber of Deputies, Rodrigo was a permanent substitute and represented the 1st district of São Paulo. In Rio de Janeiro he married Catharina de Queirós Mattoso Ribeiro, daughter of conservative leader Eusébio de Queirós. Catharina would die during the birth of Maria Custodia, the couple's only child.
Political career
Conservative politician
In 1885 conflict among different interest groups created a crisis in the Liberal government.
Slavery abolition
Later years
Death
After months of suffering Rodrigo died surrounded by his friends, among them writer Machado de Assis. His death caused wide commotion in the empire. Rodrigo's funeral was watched by members of the government, the abolitionist movement and leaders of the black community. Official mourning was declared and the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce and Public works; the Senate; the Chamber of Deputies; and the Postal Service were closed.
The New York Times published the following regarding his death on the 24 November 1889:
We have to record the death of another prominent man in Brazilian politics, that of Counselor Rodrigo Augusto da Silva, which took place at his residence in this city (Rio de Janeiro), at 8:30 P.M. on the 17th inst. He was a prominent and popular member of the Conservative party, a native of Sao Paulo, which province he represented in the Senate, and had twice occupied positions in the Imperial Cabinet. He was Minister of Agriculture in the Joao Alfredo Cabinet which passed the abolition law of 1888, and was still in the prime of life.
Legacy
Titles and honors
Titles
Other Titles
Honors
Footnotes | 4bc58d1b-523a-413a-90c3-c9cb671debf9 |
null | Species of beetle
Mordella tachyporiformis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1845. | 980a1097-76ae-4d8f-b64c-b312cf6a7124 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Morris_Gallery"} | Museum and exhibitions in Walthamstow, London
The William Morris Gallery is a museum devoted to the life and works of William Morris, an English Arts and Crafts designer and early socialist. It is located in Walthamstow at Water House, a substantial Grade II* listed Georgian home. The extensive grounds of the building are a public park, known as Lloyd Park.
Collections and exhibits
The William Morris Gallery holds the most comprehensive collection of objects relating to all aspects of Morris's life and work, including his work as a designer, a writer and a social activist.
The permanent exhibit is divided into 9 rooms:
The museum is also used as a learning facility with educational exhibitions from artists such as Eamon Everall of the stuckist movement.
History
Water House was constructed in 1762 and was Morris' family home in his teenage years from 1848 to 1856. The building and its grounds were sold on to newspaper proprietor Edward Lloyd in 1856, whose son donated the house and grounds (which then became Lloyd Park) to Walthamstow in 1900.The building was not opened as a museum until 1950, by Prime Minister Clement Attlee.
In 2007, as a result of cost saving exercises, by owners Waltham Forest Borough Council, the museum's opening hours were cut back to allow staffing to be reduced. This broke a stipulation of gifts by Sir Frank Brangwyn, that works should be on view for a minimum amount of time weekly. And a number of campaigners, including former Culture Secretary Chris Smith, were concerned that this would lead to the museum's closure.
Redevelopment
In March 2009 the Heritage Lottery Fund awarded the gallery £80,000 to enable detailed proposals for redevelopment. In Autumn 2010 this proposal was successful in securing a second funding of £1.523 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund, which was matched with £1.5 million from the London Borough of Waltham Forest. Subsequently, a major redevelopment was carried out.
The building was closed for refurbishment and redevelopment in 2011 and was reopened in August 2012.
The redevelopment of Water House, designed by architects and exhibition designers Pringle Richards Sharratt, included a new wing "inspired by Georgian & Victorian precedents" containing a 60 m2 (650 sq ft) gallery for temporary exhibitions as well as a tearoom with windows incorporating a Morris ‘Thistle’ frit pattern and a balcony that overlooks the gardens.
Grayson Perry's fifteen-metre long Walthamstow Tapestry was displayed for the first month after reopening.
Recognition
In 2013 the William Morris Gallery won national prizes for Museum of the Year, and the Museum and Heritage Shows's award for Best Permanent Exhibition.
Lloyd Park
The gardens of Water House, now known as Lloyd Park is a public park maintained by Waltham Forest Borough Council. The park notably includes an area surrounded by a moat which pre-dates the Georgian house.
The park's facilities include a café, public toilets, artist studios, a play area, a bowls pavilion, tennis courts, skate park and basketball practice areas. The park also hosts a regular food market, Lloyd Park Market.
Waltham Forest Theatre
A pavilion was built in 1937, on the artificial island created by the moat, and converted into the Waltham Forest Theatre in 1972. The theatre was popular through to the 1990s and local actor Jack Watling presented several seasons of plays there. But it eventually fell into disuse and was demolished in 2011 as part of wider redevelopment. | 4a571960-d670-467b-a467-dbcab0bbdb9d |
null | Coordinates: 26°53′29″N 75°46′24″E / 26.8913574°N 75.7734419°E / 26.8913574; 75.7734419 Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phoole University is located in Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. It was established by the Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phoole University Act in 2009. The University offers degrees in Agribusiness, Agriculture Science & Technology, Bio Technology / Biotech, Pharmacy, and Fashion Designing courses.
The University collaborates with Macmillan Research Group, UK providing scholarships and co-publication. | 8e1d9198-89dc-4e6f-ab76-c33ae8c90a55 |
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