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Read the articles and share those most relevant to your industry in order to become a leader online. Through the tool you can post directly to Twitter or Facebook or take credit for interacting elsewhere.
1) Customize Your Terms: If this is a tool you had set up some time ago, now may be a great time to re-evaluate the social media conversations populating in your feed. Determine whether the conversations populating are relevant conversations you are striving to monitor. If you are finding any of the conversation threads to be less relevant or unqualified, make note of terms prompting these conversations to discontinue monitoring or consider adding negative terms to better filter the conversations. Aim to maintain a list of 10-20 keywords that include your brand name, variations of your brand name, and long-tail terms specific to your industry. You may find you might have too many terms, making your feed "too noisy" and difficult to manage. Cleaning up your list may bring the most relevant conversations to the forefront and streamline your ongoing monitoring efforts.
2) Identify Brand vs Industry Terms: It is imperative that you are monitoring conversations about your brand along with key topics across your industry. By clicking on "Edit" for each of the terms you are tracking, you are able to delineate Brand vs. Industry terms for the terms you are monitoring. Labelling your terms will help you keep your terms organized and ensure you have monitoring coverage set across both key areas. Maintaining these labels will also help you better utilize the Filters (see Step 4).
3) Add Negative Keywords: Typically if you do not have negative terms intact, you are likely to be seeing less relevant conversations populating in your Social Media feed. As long tail keywords are apt to have multiple uses across multiple industries, you may want to consider reviewing the conversations in your feed and identifying opportunities to add negatives. A great example of this is, if you are in the "cruise" industry - an appropriate negative keyword for you would be "tom" as those individuals posting about "tom cruise" are not relevant to your industry.
4) Use the Filters in Your Social Media Feed: As you are monitoring your Social Media Feed, make it a habit to click into the various Filters set up in the tool. This will allow you to zoom in closer to coversations most relevant to brand vs. industry and will also allow you to evaluate conversations in Twitter vs. Linked In vs. YouTube vs. Yahoo Answers.
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Can a player that misses the first four games of a season really be the favorite to win the MVP award?
This is the situation that we are currently facing after Week 14 in the NFL, as Tom Brady of the New England Patriots is currently the favorite to win the Most Valuable Player award.
Heading into this past week, Brady and Ezekiel Elliott were both roughly 4/1 to win the award, with players like Derek Carr, Russell Wilson and Dak Prescott trailing closely behind.
Carr, Wilson and Prescott all turned in horrible performances, however, thoroughly damaging their chances of winning the award. Ezekiel Elliott had a fine game for the Cowboys, rushing for over 100 yards, though his team lost 10-7 to the New York Giants.
Tom Brady, on the other hand, was sublime in New England's victory over Baltimore, passing for over 400 yards and 3 TDs.
There are likely three players who can say that they have a reasonable chance of winning the MVP award at this point - Tom Brady, Ezekiel Elliott and Derek Carr.
At the end of the day, this will likely come down to a two-horse race between Brady and Elliott. Much depends on how the two men perform heading into the last three weeks of the season, and how their respective teams finish as well.
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Apple's site says it is $199 to replace the battery. Do the techs replace the entire top portion of the case including the keyboard and trackpad? I've read a few things on the internet alluding to that since the battery is glued in, they replace the entire assembly.
Just wondering if this includes the keyboard and track pad. (I think it must include the keyboard since it is riveted in). I'm wondering specifically about the trackpad, since mine has been flaky for a while, and now battery is about due for replacement.
Mine is a mid 2012 macbook pro retina.
Update: Had this done, and for the low price of $199 I got a new keyboard, trackpad and topcase as part of the deal, as expected. I can't believe how worn out my old keyboard was!
It appears to be the case that Apple will replace the top case assembly if you want to replace your battery.
As first reported by Treehugger, which received a copy of an Apple internal service document for the "Mid-2012" 15-Inch Retina Display MacBook Pro, Apple informs its own service personnel that "batteries must be replaced with the top case assembly" and that "the battery alone is not a replaceable part." EveryMac.com also has been provided with copies of the internal service documents for subsequent 15-Inch Retina Display MacBook Pro models and although there are internal differences, the battery design effectively is the same.
Additionally, Apple warns its own technicians that "batteries should not be separated from the top case assembly for any reason," as attempting to do so could puncture the battery and lead to fire or injury. Do not attempt to pry the battery apart from the top case.
According to iFixit, it will cost local repair shops around $500 to source the top case assembly to replace the battery.
IFixit.com also has instructions on how to remove this battery should you want to replace it. Batteries with a minimum of 12 month warranties can be had for $90USD makes this a worthwhile consideration. Keep in mind that this is a difficult repair and if you are unsure of your ability to tackle something like this, best hand it over to a pro.
The battery is glued to the top part. In the Apple's internal instruction to employees, it is strongly advised not to attempt separating the battery from the top case. Your entire top case will be replaced, which includes the battery, the keyboard, and the track pad.
There wouldn't be a need to replace the keyboard and trackpad unless during the battery replacement they damage it.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged macbook battery trackpad .
Does MBP and anti-glare MBP use the same top case?
When the apple store replaces a battery in a 13in retina MacBook Pro, do they replace the top case and keyboard/trackpad assembly too?
Which problems can be expected by continuing to use a MacBook Pro Battery already due for replacement?
MacBook Pro keyboard replacement: Refurbished or new components?
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[. . .] Ark. Code Ann. Sect. 5-4-618 (1993) noted criteria for mental retardation included "subaverage general intellectual functioning accompanied by significant deficits or impairments in adaptive functioning, and manifested in the developmental period" (Death Penalty Information Center; State Statutes).
Kentucky was more objective in its criteria. Ky. Rev. Stat. Sect. 532.130-140 noted "significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ of 70 or below" (Death Penalty Information Center; State Statutes).
Given the difficulties of the legal system in developing a consensus as to the criteria for mental retardation, it may be useful to look at pure ethical approaches. Simply put, ethics is simply the study of the moral aspect of human behavior. Ethics does not necessarily divine moral rules from religious principles, as it is rooted more firmly in the foundation of philosophy than religion.
Ethics ask some questions that are crucial questions about the human condition, including some that are absolutely crucial in the debate over whether the mentally retarded should face the Death Penalty. These include discussion of the nature of free will and determinism, and the degree to which intelligence and moral faculty (or the ability to tell right from wrong) are linked.
Many ethical theories speak to the issues involved in determining the degree of mentally impairment required before a person is no longer considered competent to stand trial. These include teleological ethics, deontological ethics, aretaic ethics, divine command theory, and others.
There are several main branches of ethics. Results-based ethics is often referred to as "consequentialism" or "teleological ethics" and notes that morality is based on the consequences of an act. Utilitarianism is one of the key branches of teleological ethics. Founded by Jeremy Bentham, utilitarianism argues that a morally correct rule is the rule that gives the greatest good to the greatest number of people.
According to Bentham, if allowing mentally challenged individuals to face the death penalty gives the greatest good to the greatest number of people, then it is a morally correct rule. In applying teleological ethics a decision to allow mentally challenged individuals to face the death penalty could easily be linked to popular opinion. If the greatest good is given to the greatest number of people by allowing the death penalty to mentally challenged people, then teleological ethics argues that this is the ethically correct action (Blackburn; Hall).
Similarly, teleological ethics argues that a judge must determine if a judging and individual to be mentally handicapped enough to avoid the death penalty gives the greatest good to the greatest number of people. Critics of the teleological approach could argue that this approach could easily result in sentencing a mentally retarded individual to death. In a case where there is a large public demand for justice, and the accused is borderline mentally retarded, teleological ethics would seem to argue that the judge should determine that the accused is not mentally retarded. In this case, teleological ethics argues that allowing the accused to face the death penalty serves the greatest good to the greatest number of people.
Standards-based ethics, sometimes called "deontological" theory or "duty ethics" have a slightly different interpretation of moral goodness than teleological ethics. Deontological ethics argues that an act is morally good act if it meets a moral standard. Immanuel Kant was one of the greatest proponents of this theory of ethics (Denise; Hall).
Deontological ethics argues that the decision to allow mentally challenged individuals should be decided on the basis of whether of not the act meets a moral standard. Here, there is a great deal of room for interpretation. If an overriding moral standard is the equivalent of "Thou shall not kill," then allowing capital punishment is not consistent with the overriding moral standard, and is not morally good. However, if a moral standard is the equivalent of "an eye for an eye," then capital punishment is consistent with this standard, and is morally good.
Similarly, in determining if the accused is mentally challenged to the degree that the judge cannot impose the death penalty, deontological ethics suggests we should appeal to a moral standard. Again, if this moral standard opposes all murder, then the judge should determine that the individual is mentally retarded. However, if the moral standard is to extract justice, then the judge should rule that the individual is mentally competent to stand trial, and thus potentially face the death penalty.
The divine command theory views a morally correct action as one that conforms to God's will. According to Divine command theory, murder is wrong because it goes against one of God's commandments. Critics often argue that the greatest failing of the theory is the problems with the interpretation of the Bible (Blackburn).
Criticisms against divine command theory are often similar to those against deontological ethics.
The Bible states two seemingly contradictory statements, "Thou shall not kill" and "an eye for an eye." These arguments seem to argue both for and against allowing capital punishment. Further, using the divine command theory is also troublesome in determining if an accused is mentally challenged to the degree that the judge cannot impose the death penalty. Again, divine command theory can be seen as inconsistent.
Ethical intuitionism argues that moral rightness should be based on intuition. In this type of ethics, any rule or act that is contrary to the conscience of an individual is morally wrong (Klemke). The ethical intuitionist would argue that sentencing a mentally challenged individual to death is wrong because it goes against the conscience of individuals. Similarly, a judge should let their conscience or intuition in guiding him or her to determine if an individual is or is not mentally challenged enough to be sentenced to death for their crime.
However, it is easy to argue that ethical intuitionism fails to provide an adequate guide in matters of law, as it does not provide the standard or rule necessary to make fair and consistent judgements. It is entirely possible for two different judges to have completely opposing "intuitions" about an accused individuals mental capacity.
Virtue ethics, or aretaic ethics, is an ancient form of ethics that can be traced back to Aristotle's Nicomachean ethics. Aristotle argued that moral virtue develops because an individual practices characteristics that are morally good. As such, courage and honesty appear in an individual's character, because that individual has practiced courage and honesty in their actions and thoughts (Klemke, Blackburn).
It is somewhat difficult to predict what virtue ethics would say about allowing mentally handicapped individuals to receive the death penalty. Aristotle felt that the character of the individual determined the greatest virtue that could be obtained. As such, an animal like a dog could not learn courage because it was not within the animal's capacity to learn courage. However, a person could learn courage because it was within their ability.
Consequently, virtue ethics seem to dictate that a severely mentally challenged individual may not be able discern or learn the consequences of his or her actions because this is outside the scope of his or her mental capabilities.
However, virtue ethics has little to offer a judge in how to determine if a specific individual, who is accused of a death penalty crime, has the capacity to learn a moral virtue.
Taken together, a thorough analysis of traditional ethics lends many insights into the issue of capital punishment and the mentally challenged. However, no clear conclusions can be easily drawn from this discussion.
A combination of many of the different schools of ethics may be the best approach. Intuitively, deontological ethics seems to have great applicability to a legal setting. Deontological ethics can provide a moral standard by which to judge the issue of capital punishment and the mentally retarded.
Previously presented criticism has argued that deontological approach can be criticized for having a lot of room for interpretation in determining an overriding ethical standard.
However, the correct choice of an ethical standard may provide a solution to this dilemma. For instance, an overriding rule similar to the following may be helpful: "Individuals must be intellectually able to understand the consequences of their action in order to face the death penalty." This standard is helpful only in the case of determining if someone should face a death penalty offence. It certainly leaves room for interpretation in the phrase of "intellectually able," but this wording may also provide a means for a compassionate decision based on the principles of justice.
"Supreme Court's Recent Decision." 11 October 2002. Web. 21 April 2019. <https://www.essaytown.com/subjects/paper/supreme-court-recent-decision/7111597>.
"Supreme Court's Recent Decision." Essaytown.com. October 11, 2002. Accessed April 21, 2019.
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What is the Explanation of Luther’s Small Catechism?
Luther’s Small Catechism consists of the Six Chief Parts of Christian Doctrine (Section 1): the Ten Commandments, the Apostles’ Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, the Sacrament of Holy Baptism, Confession, and the Sacrament of the Altar. It also includes daily prayers (Section 2), a table of duties for Christians (Section 3), and a guide for Christians to use as they prepare to receive Holy Communion (Section 4).
This is sometimes referred to as the Enchiridion. When we confess “the doctrine of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, drawn from the Scriptures, as you have learned to know if from the Small Catechism to be faithful and true” (Rite of Confirmation, LSB Agenda, p. 29), it is only to this that we are subscribing.
This explanation has been based upon and largely includes the work of Johann Konrad Dietrich (1575–1639), Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther (1811–1887), Heinrich Christian Schwann (1819–1905), and the committee that prepared the synodical catechism of 1943.
Concordia Publishing House has updated the catechism in cooperation with the LCMS since at least 1943.
The Work of His Hands, by astronaut Jeff Williams, was a project that I enjoyed working on in my capacity as editor at Concordia Publishing House. The book features pictures of Earth taken while aboard the International Space Station (ISS) during Expedition 13 (2006). While we at CPH were were finishing the final edits and alts for The Work of His Hands, Col. Williams was actually serving his second six-month stay aboard ISS as a Flight Engineer on Expedition 21 and then Commanded of Expedition 22. He and his crew launched from Baikonur on Soyuz TMA 16 on September 30, 2009. During this time on the ISS Col. Williams saw the arrival of two space shuttle missions; the integration of major additions to the structure of the ISS, namely the Russian Mini-Research Module, the US Tranquility Module, and the Cupola ( a boon for the astronauts’ earth observation); and went on two “space walks” outside the station. This, his third flight into space, concluded on March 18, 2010, with the Soyuz TMA 16 landing in Kazakhstan.
I grew up breathing the excitement generated by JFK’s announcement that we were going to the moon. I built model rockets, model orbital modules, and model lunar landers; I shot-off CO2-powered rockets in the ball field, and I attached notes to “weather balloons” hoping to hear from far off locations when the note finally landed (if not the balloon). Working on The Work of His Hands was the closest thing to revisiting the heady days of childhood-remembered I have experienced. Add to that getting e-mail from Col. Williams while he was aboard the ISS, well, you get the idea–I was twelve all over again.
This video features some great footage from inside the ISS, shot by Col. Williams on his last mission, Expedition 21/22, and we get to hear Col. Williams talk about his faith as he reflects on his unique perspective viewing the work of God’s hands.
Oh, and no, none of my boyhood models remain.
It was announced on the Treasury of Daily Prayer Facebook group and Wittenberg Trail group, that sometime in the next week there will be an interesting announcement regarding the project to have the Concordia Theological Seminary Kantorei record the prayer services included in Treasury.
That’s it. Not much detail, but I am still working on the details of what it is we are going to announce.
Yup, I am a tease. But stay tuned. The announcement will hit the CPH website, Facebook and Wittenberg Trial communities first, and then probably all the CPH Twitter-ers and bloggers will be able to point you to the information as well.
To join the Facebook group you can go here. The Wittenberg Trail group is here. To join the Treasury of Daily Prayer Twitter feed, click here.
Stimulus Event for Your Prayer Life Ends Soon!
Make Treasury of Daily Prayer part of your life today!
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There are plenty of counties that are resentful of American culture being imported into theirs, France has even passed laws against it, so how can it be hypocrisy? Because Americans as a rule do not immigrate to other countries in mass numbers. Americans tend to stay in America and everyone else comes here ... why? Because we're the greatest country in the world, even with all our flaws and shortcomings they're few places, if any most would rather be. That's not chest thumping thats factual information.
Nearly all American culture is exported via Hollywood or Industry very little is from citizens.
So what's different? Americans want America to be America, just as the French want France to be France, or the Chinese want China to be China ... I see no Hypocrisy I only see a sovereign nation protecting it's heritage.
It's not hipocrisy. Is human behavior. And the easiest way to explain it is with this question: You have a cheetah, a Hiena and a Deer. The cheetah wants to hunt either the Hiena or the Deer. But the Hiena does not want to be hunted by the Cheetah; he refuses and escape; when he feels safe, he goes back and try to hunt the Deer. Is that Hipocrisy?? NO. It is Animal instinct. Survival of the best. In our civilized world, we survive with money. Money talks. However, our behavior is similar to animals. We try to colonize those weak countries where we smell prosperity and at the same time they try to colonize us, consuming our resources.
I am not saying you're wrong. You are right, it is like that. I just wouldn't use the word hipocrisy. I support my country in our world economic expansion. Protecting foreign cultures, is the interest of each country. Protecting my culture, is my interest. If other countries think that maybe having McDonald's everywhere will create more jobs and give easier access to food for the people, then maybe that's why they don't stop us. However in our case, we are losing with this so called "diversity" wich IS NOT DIVERSITY. Real diversity is not imposing a totally different country inside a country. Diversity is melting a culture with another to create one bigger and stronger.
The original point of the thread was cultural shift, not immigration. Its fine though, whatever, you're the moderator and its not like I can move the thread back.
No, its not okay at all.
How about this? Have you considered the role TELEVISION has played on changing cultures?
Culture - The act of developing by education and training. Refinement of intellectual and artistic taste. A particular form or stage of civilizaton. Society characterized by such a culture.
Where in the definition of Culture do you see any mention of shopping habits, or product preference?
If we're really concened about what we're exporting to other countries maybe we should forget about food and see if their parents are allowing their children to adopt celebrity skank worship or singing along to tunes about cop killas, bit***s, and hos. That will really bring down a civilized society.
Great post! Right on the money.
You are so right! France has had the rude awakening of just how their culture has been effected in the negative by "diversity" that they are paying immigrants to return to their native country. Viva la France!
Immigration is a political topic today.
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Yin Qiao Jie Du Pian is a famous patent remedy of China used mainly in the treatment of acute respiratory system ailments, such as influenza and common cold. It is based on the traditional formula Yin Qiao San: yin refers to lonicera (jinyinhua); qiao refers to forsythia (lianqiao); san means powder, whereas pian means tablet (literally: a slice). Thus, the formula name identifies the two key ingredients (see Figures 1 and 2) and the form of administration (traditionally, a powder is decocted for a short period of time, just a few minutes). In addition to tablets, Chinese factories produce the formula in pills (wan) and extract granules that produce a tea by adding boiled water.
In the name of the modern patent remedy, the formula's function is also defined: jie du means to remove (jie = remove by dispersing) toxins (du), where toxin is a broad concept that encompasses, as a modern interpretation, viruses. Other types of toxin would be poisons associated with insect and snake bites, bacteria that cause skin abscesses, and changes in cells that lead to their abnormal growth or metabolism, as occurs in tumors. In most cases, toxins yield swellings, especially those that are reddened and/or that feel warm to the touch. Translations of the patent remedy name may refer to "antiphlogistic" action as an interpretation for jiedu; that is, it reduces inflammation or fever.
Yin Qiao San was first recorded in the Wenbing Tiaobian (Detailed Analysis of Epidemic Febrile Diseases; 1798 A.D.) by Wu Tang (1758-1836). This book was one of several similar publications that appeared at this time in Chinese medical history (during the latter part of Ming Dynasty and throughout most of the Qing Dynasty), involving more than two centuries of intensive work on epidemic diseases. These diseases were called "warm" diseases (wen = warm; bing = disease), which were understood to come in waves, being passed on from person to person, causing fever as a characteristic symptom. Other well-known books on the same subject included the Wenyi Lun (Treatise on Acute Epidemic Febrile Diseases; 1642 A.D.), Wenre Lun (Treatise on Epidemic Fevers; 1746 A.D.), and Wenre Jingwei (An Outline of Epidemic Febrile Diseases; 1852 A.D.).
Although epidemic diseases had been dealt with before, most notably in the Shanghan Lun, there were two new concepts that these books promulgated. First, it was recognized that there were transmissible agents involved in the epidemics, not just climate-related factors; second, it was recognized that the transmissible agents of concern involved heat-type influences, as opposed to the cold influence that was described in the Shanghan Lun and that had also been emphasized in the Huangdi Neijing. It is likely that the primary diseases of this time period-when the theory of warm diseases evolved-were different from those at the time of the Shanghan Lun (Han Dynasty, over a thousand years earlier).
According to History and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1): "In the Ming and Qing, infectious diseases were often widespread, causing serious harm. According to incomplete statistics, these epidemics occurred 64 times in the 276 years of the Ming and 74 times in the 266 years of the Qing." The epidemics, as viewed from the present, were suggested to have resulted from adverse conditions brought about by "constant famine due to crop failures, and chaos caused by war." Wu Youke, author of Wenyi Lun, saw many persons dying of the epidemics and complained that the diseases were being treated by mistaken principles, namely, by treating them as if they were caused solely by exogenous (climate-related) factors. In the introduction to his book, Wu stated that "Epidemic febrile disease is a kind of disease not caused by wind, cold, summer heat, or damp, but by a kind of strange factor [yiqi; alternative influence] between earth and heaven." He also called the cause of these diseases zaqi (unusual influence) and liqi (epidemic pathological influence). Wu Tang, who developed Yin Qiao San, began his study of medicine with the Wenyi Lun.
The theoretical developments of Warm Disease Theory were considered important because most physicians had adopted the Shanghan Lun as their primary guide to understanding prescription of herbs and had been enamored with prescribing warm herbs. Xu Dachun (1693-1771) was strong critic of medical practices during this time who supported the study of classics but disliked the way their knowledge was being applied; he frequently complained about the adverse consequences of too much reliance on warming herbs (2).
The traditional Chinese books on warm epidemic diseases have inspired English language works about the disease descriptions, diagnostic categories, therapeutics, and specific formulas recommended in them. The first book that appeared on this subject in English was The Theory of Feverish Diseases and Its Clinical Applications, published by the Oriental Healing Arts Institute in 1985 (3). In 2000, a Chinese language text, originally published in 1979 and used in TCM colleges in China, was translated for Paradigm Publications with the simple title Warm Disease Theory (4).
"Grind all medicinals into powder. Divide them into 6 gram doses and boil them with fresh phragmites. As soon as the decoction starts giving off an aroma, administer it quickly." It is cautioned that the herbs should not be boiled too long, as their flavor will become thick and will then fail to float (remain light) so as to be able to treat the lung, instead sinking and entering the middle burner. Further, it is explained in this text that: "if the disease is severe, administer the medicinals every four hours, up to three times during the day and once at night. If the disease is mild, give every six hours, twice during the day and once at night. If the disease lingers, continue prescribing the medication."
fresh phragmites engenders fluid and stops thirst.
Yin Qiao San as the representative acrid-cool preparation within the context of Warm Disease Theory. In fact, the author of the formula named it after two heat-clearing anti-toxin herbs, rather than the acrid-cool ingredients, so as to focus attention on its treatment of the warm pathogen.
At the onset of seasonal febrile diseases, the pathogens only affect weifen [the defensive portion], where they [come into conflict] with the antipathogenic qi [weiqi], giving rise to fever, mild chills, and headache. When wind-heat affects the throat, lung qi is inhibited and cough and sore throat occur. When wind-heat damages body fluid, thirst appears. The therapeutic principle at this stage should be to expel the pathogens from the exterior and purge heat and toxins. In this prescription, the chief ingredients are lonicera and forsythia, which are effective for purging heat and toxins, releasing stagnant lung qi, and expelling pathogens at the surface; mentha, schizonepeta, and soja are adjuvant ingredients, helping to expel the pathogens from the exterior. Schizonepeta, which is warm, and combined [in this formula] with acrid and cold drugs, can enhance the prescription's action to expel the pathogens from the exterior. Used together, platycodon, arctium, and licorice can release inhibited lung qi, dissipate phlegm, and cure sore throat; lophatherum and phragmites serve as the assistant drugs, purge heat and promote the production of fluid. Licorice is a guide drug to balance the effects of the other drugs.
The symptom pattern calling for this type of treatment, and for this formula specifically, is that attributed to any epidemic pathogen of warm nature attacking the lung's defensive qi (but not harming the organ's other functions). The resulting symptoms are: fever, mild aversion to wind, sore throat, headache, scant sweating or absence of sweating, coughing, oppression or pain in the chest, mild thirst, thin white or thin yellow tongue moss, red tongue tip, and floating rapid pulse. Some, though not all of these symptoms, fit the characteristics of the viral disease influenza, explaining the modern emphasis on use of the formula for that purpose. Influenza characteristically produces symptoms of fever (often with chills), aches and pains (particularly affecting the back), headache, scratchy sore throat, and cough (non-productive, unless a secondary bacterial infection develops).
The symptom pattern depicted above is different than that associated with the picornaviruses (mainly rhinoviruses) which produce the common cold. Influenza may manifest symptoms similar to the common cold, especially upon reinfection by the same virus (the first infection prepares the immune system, so that the second infection produces more limited symptoms). Symptoms of the common cold include a burning sensation in the nose or throat (pharyngitis often develops), followed by sneezing, nasal discharge, and malaise. Fever is usually not present. The lungs are usually not involved in the disease, unless a secondary bacterial infection develops. Despite the somewhat different pattern compared to that indicated for the formula, Yin Qiao San and its modern patent versions have been applied to treating the common cold, partly because it has been recognized as generally effective rather than specifically effective for pathogens influencing the respiratory system and, more broadly, as effective for a wide range of acute viral infections. Still, it is theoretically most appropriate for treating influenza.
It is common for Chinese doctors to speak of wind-cold and wind-heat ailments in relation to upper respiratory diseases, with translation of the condition, in either case, as the "common cold." The Chinese term for this category of disease is ganmao, and is interchangeably translated as common cold or influenza (gan = to feel; mao = oozing). In the Advanced Textbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology (5) it is said that: "Generally, influenza falls into the category of the common cold caused by wind-heat," this explanation illustrates the free intermixing of the modern medical terms for different viral infections during translation. In the book Practical Therapeutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (15), the chapter titled "Common Cold" provides this explanation: "If during a certain period, many cases [of ganmao] are observed over a large area and the symptoms are very similar, then [the disease] is known as shixing ganmao (epidemic cold), or, in Western medicine, as flu." Thus, influenza is understood to be a wind-heat ailment that appears as epidemics.
Dr. Chen Changsheng presented his views on the treatment of common cold at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Oriental Healing Arts Institute (6), where he differentiated "colds due to wind-cold" (having chills, fever, sneezing, coughing, headache, generalized aching, and occasionally stiffness of the neck) from "colds due to wind-heat" (having higher fever, less chills, headache, sore throat, and coughing). He recommended Mahuang Tang (Ma-huang Combination) for the former, which corresponds to the common cold (except for fever), and Yin Qiao San (Lonicera and Forsythia Formula) for the latter, which corresponds to influenza. As to Yin Qiao San, he commented further that: "This is an old formula, but one that is still a favorite with patients and doctors alike. Today, it is available in herbal shops in the more convenient form of tablets and capsules, although the exact dosage must still be prescribed by the patient's doctor."
The modern Yin Qiao Jie Du Pian is made according to a complex procedure that involves blending herb powders, decocted herbs, and distilled essential oils (see: The history and modern development of Chinese patents, for the full text description as appears in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia). Unlike the original Yin Qiao San, this tablet (or pill) preparation is unlikely to induce perspiration, since it is not prepared as a hot tea. It is a common situation that formulas originally used for sweating therapies are now presented in forms that do not rely on diaphoretic action, but still carry with them the same indications (see: On the importance of perspiration in Chinese medical diagnosis and therapy).
Modern pharmacology investigations reveal that the herb formula helps inhibit viruses and may promote immune attack against pathogens, thus making it a therapy that is particularly useful for the earliest stage of the disease, when the level of virus and the symptomatic response is still minimal. According to Chinese Herbal Medicine: Formulas and Strategies (7), possible applications of Yin Qiao San classified by modern disease categories include: upper respiratory tract infections, influenza, acute bronchitis, measles, epidemic parotitis, acute endometritis, and early stage encephalitis or meningitis. Chinese-English Manual of Commonly Used Prescriptions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (8) adds to this list: acute tonsillitis, mumps, and acute supperative infection (e.g., initial stage of skin eruptions). However, as the main use, this text specifies that: "The therapeutic principle of this prescription is reasonable, the concept of compatibility [of the herbs within the formulation] is strict, and its curative effect is fruitful, and has become a typical recipe for common cold of the wind-heat type."
This recipe has a rather strong antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-anaphylactic [anti-allergy] action. The pharmacological characteristic of this recipe, besides the anti-inflammatory and anti-anaphylactic actions, lies in the fact that it can strengthen the phagocytic ability of the macrophages in the inflammatory sites. This characteristic suggests that the influence of this recipe to the immunological system is different from that of the commonly used steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agents (both of them will inhibit the body's anti-infection immunology at the time when they shown their anti-inflammatory and antiallergic actions). Furthermore, it is found through the comparison among Yin Qiao San's bags [granule packets], tablets, and decoction that the Yin Qiao San bags have the strongest antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-anaphylactic action. The content of the volatile oil and nonvolatile oil in Yin Qiao San bags is obviously higher than those in the same amount of Yin Qiao San's tablets and decoctions.
Yin Qiao San bags were used to treat 25 cases of infection of the upper respiratory tract. As a result, the average fever abatement time was between 8 and 72 hours, with an average of 35 hours. The total effective rate was 90.2%. In the treatment, 2-4 bags of Yin Qiao San were put into a Thermos cup or a cup with a cover and soaked in boiled water for 3-5 minutes before the intake. The drug should be taken 3 times a day.
Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica (10) notes for Yin Qiao San that "better results are obtained in febrile diseases [as opposed to those without fever] or at the early stages of common cold [ganmao]." In the book Traditional Chinese Treatment for Infectious Diseases (11), the authors comment that: "It is difficult to evaluate a therapy for the treatment of a self-limited disease like common cold. However, controlled studies have shown that traditional therapy shortened the course of the disease and relieved the symptoms quickly. It relieves symptoms without side effects when administered properly." With regard to Yin Qiao San: the formula is indicated specifically for wind-heat syndrome, it should be taken warm, and the patient should be "kept warm with dry clothes in order to avoid any relapse." When using the tablets or pills, one should take them with warm water or consume warm tea to substitute for some of the missing effects of taking a warm decoction of the herbs.
According to patent medicine books (published in the U.S. during the 1980's) that reported on imported products (12, 13, 14), Yin Qiao Jie Du Pian made available in the U.S. initially came from two factories: one in Tianjin (Tianjin Drug Manufactory) and one in Beijing (Beijing Tong Ren Tang). The authors of these books cautioned about one product that was imported from Tianjin, depicted on its label as a "superior" version, contains drugs: paracetamol, and chlorpheniramin (these drugs are listed on the product label, which was usually not consulted by those who purchased the products in the U.S.; the "superior" product is in the form of coated tablets). Patent medicine manufacturers have explained that the inclusion of the drugs in the traditional herb products makes the new product work more strongly and quickly, but the herbs assure a more complete curative effect and prevent side effects of the drugs. The standard Tianjin product and the Tong Ren Tang versions do not contain drugs and are still being imported. In addition, other factories have introduced their own versions of Yin Qiao Jie Du Pian based on the good reputation that has developed for the effectiveness of the formula. Yin Qiao San has been available in the U.S. since 1976 as a dried extract (fine granules) from Taiwan-based companies. The dried extracts may be consumed as teas, and also are encapsulated. Several Western manufacturers of Chinese herb formulas have made modified versions of Yin Qiao Jie Du Pian, though without the complex manufacturing procedures that are used at the large Chinese factories.
In sum, Yin Qiao San and Yin Qiao Jie Du Pian (or other prepared forms based on Yin Qiao San) are highly respected remedies for wind-heat ailments, mainly influenza, caused by infectious agents. The formulas are also given for treatment of several viral infections, other than influenza, and some bacterial infections, usually in the early stage. The herbs are administered three to four times per day until the symptoms of the ailment has subsided, usually within two days after initiating therapy for upper respiratory infections. The use of the formula is not associated with any side effects.
Chen Ping (editor in chief), History and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1999 Science Press, Beijing.
Unschuld PU, Forgotten Traditions of Ancient Chinese Medicine, 1990 Paradigm Publications, Brookline, Mass.
Wen JM and Seifert G (translators), Warm Disease Theory, 2000 Paradigm Publications, Brookline, Mass.
State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Advanced Textbook on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology, (vol. 2 and 3) 1995-6 New World Press, Beijing.
Chen CS, The treatment of the common cold, Bulletin of the Oriental Healing Arts Institute 1985; 10(8):357-360.
Bensky D and Barolet R, Chinese Herbal Medicine: Formulas and Strategies, 1990 Eastland Press, Seattle, WA.
Ou Ming (chief editor), Chinese-English Manual of Commonly Used Prescriptions in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989 Joint Publishing, Hong Kong.
Dong Zhilin and Jiang Jingxian, 100 Famous and Effective Prescriptions of Ancient and Modern Times, 1990 China Ocean Press, Beijing.
Hou Jinglun and Zhao Xin (chief editors), Traditional Chinese Treatment for Infectious Diseases, 1997 Academy Press, Beijing.
Fratkin J, Chinese Herbal Patent Formulas: A Practical Guide, 1986 Shya Publications, Santa Fe, NM.
Zhu CH, Clinical Handbook of Chinese Prepared Medicines, 1989 Paradigm Publications, Brookline, MA.
Naeser MA, Outline Guide to Chinese Herbal Patent Medicines in Pill Form, 1990 Boston Chinese Medicine, Boston, MA.
Yan Wu and Fischer W, Practical Therapeutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1997 Paradigm Publications, Brookline, MA.
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0.935945 |
I have reason to believe (details see below) that in a ligation I carried out, an EcoRI sticky end (EcoRI: G'AATT_C) and an XmaI sticky end (XmaI: C'CCGG_G) were somehow ligated together, a process during which at least the EcoRI site was lost: the plasmid had a BamHI site very near the XmaI site, and a BamHI/EcoRI digest produced only one band compared to three bands in the undigested control (three conformations of circular plasmid).
How could ends as incompatible as EcoRI and XmaI be ligated?
This is chronologically further to: What are common causes of unexpected ligation products?. Briefly: I digested two plasmids, one with EcoRI and XmaI (p1), the other with EcoRI and AgeI (p2) [XmaI and AgeI produce compatible sticky ends], then carried out a ligation between a 1.4kb insert isolated from p2 (structure EcoRI-1.4kb-AgeI) into the 3.4kb backbone isolated from p1 (structure XmaI-20bp-BamHI-3.4kb-EcoRI). After transformation, I tested the ligation product by digest with EcoRI and BamHI, which should produce again 3.4kb + 1.4kb. The gel was poor quality but allowed the conclusion that there were different ligation products.
Repeating the EcoRI/BamHI digest and gel more carefully showed there were only two variants: Variant A (8 colonies) produced the two expected bands 3.4kb and 1.4kb. Variant B (4 colonies) only produced a clear 3.4kb band, nothing else visible in the lane: in other words, it only carried either an EcoRI or a BamHI site and was in total smaller than variant A (confirmed by undigested controls). Thus, I conclude that B was simply the same 3.4kb backbone, re-ligated without the 1.4kb insert. Since the BamHI site was untouched in the backbone during the preparatory EcoRI/XmaI digestion, I assume that the EcoRI site was not recovered during the ligation of variant B.
The answer from @Armatus got me looking at star activities again. EcoRI is prone to exhibit star activity in non-optimal buffers. In the case of this enzyme this tends to be a relaxation of site specificity, so HAATTC and GAATTD would be possible cut sites. The cleavage at such sites produces the standard sticky end.
the ligated product would have neither EcoRI nor XmnI sites.
My best guess to explain this phenomenon has been spontaneous degradation of the sticky ends, followed by blunt-ended ligation.
Alternatively, single-stranded exonuclease activity either from a contaminating enzyme or from EcoRI/XmaI/AgeI could be imaginable. For example, using buffer Multi-Core is discouraged for EcoRI due to potential STAR activity - maybe it developed exonuclease activity and some plasmids ended up blunt-ended before the ligation.
I want to add an extra explanation. By personal experience I can tell that incompatible sticky-ends can ligate in some conditions. The efficiency will be lower than using compatible ends but still, some molecule will ligate if the single-stranded ends can anneal just enough for the ligase to join the DNA backbone. This can especially happen at lower temperatures where the miss-annealing of the sticky ends is more stable than at higher temperatures.
The ligation was carried out overnight at 16 deg C.
This condition is enough to allow incompatible sticky ends to anneal often enough to get ligated. I propose the OP to run a comparative experiment to check the efficiency of incompatible-ends ligation by running one ligation at 37C for 15min and one at 16C overnight. I expect almost no background ligation to occur in the first case.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged synthetic-biology restriction-enzymes or ask your own question.
What are common causes of unexpected ligation products?
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What does 'H' in BamHI stand for?
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0.993215 |
A new pet is exciting, but an overstimulated child can quickly overwhelm a dog that’s already facing a lot of changes. Talk to your kids about dog etiquette, and explain that the new member of the family is going to need time to adjust. They should give it space at dinnertime, pet it on its side or back, and approach it calmly. They also need to be prepared for the dog to be protective over its toys and to play cautiously.
If you already have another pet at home, you’ll want to take steps to prepare it for the new dog. Start by letting each smell a blanket or towel with the other’s scent on it, even keeping it somewhere nearby. When you move on to a face-to-face meeting, keep the dog on its leash and ease into the interaction. Don’t force either animal to acknowledge or sniff the other, and be prepared to separate them. Make sure they each have their own beds, food and water dishes, and toys, ideally in their own areas. With time, they’ll get used to each other.
Moving to a foreign environment with brand new sights, smells, people, and sounds is going to be a major adjustment for your pup no matter what. Make sure it has a safe spot to decompress, like a crate or designated corner with a bed. If the dog starts to act out, it may just need some quiet time, so be sure to leave it alone if it chooses to separate itself.
The sooner you can get your dog on your regular schedule, the better. Not only will it make the transition smoother for everyone, it will give the dog a comforting sense of consistency. Feed and walk it at the same times every day, and reinforce the commands and words you want it to learn. Make sure everyone has a turn with responsibilities throughout the day so your dog knows to obey each member of the family.
There will probably be some days that you get home and feel too tired from work or school to play with your dog, but it’s important that you give it some special attention every day. Everyone in the family should make a point to spend some time playing and petting the dog each day, ideally at different times so that it is consistent affection but not overwhelming. The more secure the dog feels, the more it will realize that this is its new home.
Above all, show your new dog love, patience, and understanding. Give each other time to adjust, and soon you won’t be able to remember not having the new pup in the family!
Wetland complexes provide metformin 875 mg excellent winter cover for wildlife during the..
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0.998108 |
Read through section 8.4 and answer the question in exercise 1.
Tomorrow is a Chapter 8 review and the chapter 8 test on Thursday.
Please complete chapter 8.1 exercises 1, 3, 4 from page 260.
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0.999887 |
Server update from 10.04 to 12.04 wrong kernel?
After having 3 flawless upgrades of ubuntu server 10.04 to 12.04 the 4'th did go quite wrong. Like someone else here, I had an issue with the bootloader, ending up in grub prompt. I booted on the super_grub2_disk_hybrid_1.99b1.iso and enabled LVM, then search for bootimages. I successfully got into my system, and things seems pretty okay. Though I have this on the login screen: Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 2.6.32-23-generic-pae i686) Instead of the other server I have updated (successfully): Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae i686) My grub is still "unrepaired" but the OS is running, obviously I would love to get it repaired before I need to reboot next time. Can you explain why I am running an old kernel, after the upgrade.. nothing while updating looked to be going wrong, except a thing with phpmyadmin, that I was going to fix afterwards.
Is there something wrong with the update servers?
Hello everyone! Long story short: I have Ubuntu version 6.06 installed on an old PC that has not been booted in years. This morning I booted the machine, connected it to the internet and downloaded all the updates it could find. However, I seem to be stuck with old versions of Firefox, OpenOffice.org and VLC media player. I restarted the PC, unfortunately the problem persists. Now the updater says the system is up to date, but it's obviously not. Is there something wrong with the update servers or the operating system? Should I reinstall? It's my second time using Linux, first being when I installed Ubuntu on that PC, so please excuse my noobness. Any help is appreciated.
Edit - Actually, my mistake, simply a blank USB stick in there that meant it was trying to boot from that rather than from the HDD.
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0.999999 |
Did you know that a few adjustments in your diet and lifestyle can help curb and even reverse diabetes? It is possible if you consistently stick to some simple tips. In fact, a diet plan for combating Type 2 diabetes is actually a healthy choice for everyone.
Highly refined or polished carbohydrate sources such as white bread and regular pasta cause a significant rise in blood glucose levels. Whole grain based carbohydrates such as brown rice, whole wheat bread and legumes not only limit glucose levels but also offer essential minerals and fiber.
With more fiber and less starch, non-starchy vegetables such as broccoli and spinach are an ideal choice for diabetics. Fruits, nuts and legumes are also rich in fiber and nutrients. Fiber offers multiple health benefits, including controlled blood sugar levels, lowered risk of heart disease, and proper digestion.
Be wise and check the consumption of sugary foods and beverages. Sweets are not necessarily sweet for your health, especially for those who have type 2 diabetes. It is important to cut down on carbonated soft drinks and desserts and to balance your diet with foods rich in fiber and vitamins.
Foods that contain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, such as almonds, walnuts and olives can help control cholesterol levels. Fish is a healthy alternative to high fat meats, and it has less fat and cholesterol. Salmon, mackerel and tuna contain the heart healthy omega-3 fatty acids.
In addition to proper food choices, it is vital to have a set plan and goals in order to maximize health benefits. Make sure not skip breakfast and to have small, regular meals to regulate your blood sugar levels. It is also useful to write and maintain a food diary to ensure that you are on a healthy track.
Combating an illness such as diabetes, whose root cause lies heavily in lifestyle choices, requires the correction and balancing of diet and lifestyle. Minor lifestyle changes can have major positive effect on your health and well being.
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0.99872 |
Is homemade iced tea ever as good as you want it to be?
Turns out there was no reason for me to go through so much trouble for less-than-reliable results. And that's because the most reliably refreshing way to make icy tea is via the cold brew method, which takes just a tad more than zero effort and gives you the most refreshing results.
You can cold brew any tea—you might even find that teas that are a little too intense for you when served hot are just right after a chilly eight-hour steep.
For every liter of water (that's about 4 cups), weigh out 10 grams of tea (usually, about 1 rounded tablespoon or 4 tea bags, though it depends on your specific tea). Once you taste your result, you'll know if you need to use a little less (8 grams) or a little more (12 grams) in the future.
Put your tea into a plastic or glass container, pour the cold water over top, cover, and chill for about 8 hours (though don't stress if you need to leave it for a few longer—it's hard to over-steep cold brew tea).
Use a fine mesh sieve to strain the tea, then pour it over ice, sweeten it as you like, or, do like I do and chug it straight from the pitcher.
Okay, but what sort of tea should you use?
You can use loose leaf tea or tea bags. If you're using tea bags, taste the tea after a shorter infusion period—about 5 hours as opposed to 8.
Pick a tea that is flavorful and bold—one that might even be a little too powerful for your palate when consumed hot. When tea is brewed with cold water, fewer of the bitter and astringent tannins are extracted, which makes your final product both naturally sweeter and more subtle. Besides, as Elena Liao, co-founder of New York's oolong tea shop Té Company pointed out, drinking chilled tea is akin to sipping really cold white wine (or licking super frozen ice cream): The flavors will be muted by the extreme temperature.
If you're looking for specifics, I've been cold-brewing the floral, honeyed jasmine pearl, and Falkowitz has written that his favorite candidates are Japanese sencha, roasted oolong (at Té Company, they use a nutty yet clean Taiwanese oolong called Iron Goddess), and mugicha (roasted barley tea).
Don't toss those leaves after your first batch of cold brew. You can reuse them at least once (maybe twice), though steep them for a few additional hours and expect a lighter flavor.
Do refrigerate your tea to prevent against any not-so-friendly bacteria. It can be easy to forget that tea leaves are perishable produce.
Now that you know how to cold brew, there's no need for any iffiness or guesswork. And just think: The hottest days of summer—but also the most deserved glasses of reinvigorating tea—are still ahead of you!
This article has me scratching my head, but maybe that's because I'm one of those "GRITS" -- Girls Raised in the South."
All my refreshing iced tea requires is Luzianne family-sized tea bags (two per batch), steeped in four cups of water that is boiling hot for 10 minutes. Stir in approximately four tablespoons of sugar for sweet tea before pouring your brew over four cups of ice water. Heavenly refreshment!
You're not drinking tea. You're drinking brown sugar water at that point. Go read Max's article.
If you make sure to steep tea rather than boil it, your results for hot or iced tea is much better. Also, sweeten before chilling. I chill with mostly ice for immediate drinking.
I do the exact same things with my ice tea.
Hmmm? Old fashioned "Sun Tea" in your refrigerator!
Great idea! I like the idea of throwing a sprig or two of lemon basil in too.
I would also add a few sprigs of mint (peppermint is nice) to the cold brew. Even basil is a great addition.
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0.952332 |
Mary, the mother of Jesus, is a prominent figure in Islam and the only woman mentioned by name in the Quran. The Quran upholds Mary as one of the four perfect examples of womanhood (66:12). An entire chapter, Surah 19, is dedicated to her and her history. Mary is mentioned more times in the Quran than in the entire New Testament, and more biographical information about her is contained in the Quran than in the New Testament.
The Quranic account of Mary includes the pregnancy of her mother Anna, Mary's birth, the annunciations of the coming births of John the Baptist and Jesus, and affirmation of the virgin conception and birth of Jesus: “[Remember] her who preserved her chastity, into whom We breathed a life from Us, and made her and her son a token for mankind” (21:91). The Quran teaches that Mary is to be revered because she completely submitted herself to God's will, even though it meant that her own family would accuse her of unchastity when it was discovered that she was pregnant (19:16–21). The Quran also records Jesus as an infant verbally defending Mary's innocence (19:27–34).
Jesus is an important figure in the Quran. No one can be a Muslim unless he or she believes in the prophethood of Jesus. Like Christians, Muslims believe in the virgin conception of Jesus by God's Spirit. The Quran also records some of Jesus' miracles, including giving sight to the blind, healing lepers, raising the dead, and breathing life into clay birds (5:110). This last miracle is not recorded in the canonical New Testament but does appear in the noncanonical Gospel of Thomas. The Quran also reports Jesus' proclamation of the need to worship God as the only God and his own status as a witness to God (5:116–17).
Muslim and Christian beliefs about Jesus differ in two areas. First, although Muslims believe in the virgin conception and birth of Jesus through an act of God's Spirit, they do not believe that Jesus is the Son of God. They believe that he is one of the long line of righteous prophets and second only to Muhammad in importance (Quran 6:83–87). For Muslims, the Christian doctrine of the Trinity represents a form of polytheism, affirming belief in three gods rather than one God alone (Quran 4:171, 5:17, 5:72–77).
Second, Muslims do not believe in the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus (Quran 4:157–58). They believe that, although it appeared that Jesus was crucified, instead God took Jesus to Himself in a manner similar to what happened to Elijah (Quran 3:55, 4:157–589). Muslims do not believe in the Christian doctrine of Original Sin, so there is no theological need for the all-atoning sacrifice of Jesus through his crucifixion and resurrection. Muslims further believe that each of us will be held accountable before God for our own actions and thus responsible for our own salvation. Therefore, we will not be able to rely upon anyone else, not even Jesus or Muhammad, to save us from our sins.
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0.999995 |
What Is the Role of Magical Realism in the Novel "Like Water for Chocolate"?
In "Like Water for Chocolate," magical realism is used to highlight the presence of key emotional and relational elements within the context of everyday activities such as cooking and eating. Throughout the story, magical realism serves to express the character's emotions, offer a unique perspective of the characters' world, exaggerate specific plot points or ideas, and provide comic relief to balance out some of the story's more depressing elements.
In Laura Esquivel’s popular 1989 novel "Like Water for Chocolate," the main character, Tita de la Garza, cooks as a means of self-expression. The author uses magical realism to show how the complexities of Tita's emotions inform her environment and her food. For instance, Tita's feelings of sensuality come out in her dish Quail in Rose Petal Sauce. She serves it to other characters who then grow consumed with lustfulness after eating it. As another example, Tita is full of grief as she prepares the batter for her sister Rosaura's wedding cake. Her tears fall into the batter, and everyone who eats the cake gets sick. Finally, it can be argued that Tita's complex relationship with cooking and eating began when she was born in the kitchen, floating on a river of her mother's tears.
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0.999596 |
We are staying in Copely Place but will be making our way around the city. What is your favorite "deal" for either Lobster or Italian?
Giacamo's in the North End! Great italian/seafood and very reasonable prices. Crowded and noisy, but fun.
I would suggest Legal Seafood for Lobster and the North End for Italian - Piccola Cucina Venezia - Hanover St. and Mike's Pastry for dessert.
lcuy, you must try Giacomo's in the South End next time you're visiting. I'll meet you there and treat you. We are quite the regulars! No lines!
Another dear fodorite friend stayed at the Marriot in a beautiful corner room. They had Shaw's supermarket across the way steam them up a couple of lobsters to enjoy back at the room taking in the view of the city.
I must agree with the votes for Giacomo's- we were in Boston for the first time a few weeks ago, and not only was it our favorite meal of our trip to New England, it was also the least expensive.
Bring cash though, no credit cards accepted.
I second Legal Seafood. Steer clear of the "famous" No Name Restaurant - it's dirty.
For Southern Italian: Pagliuca's, Maurizio's, Saraceno's.
For pizza: Pizzeria Regina (the original on Thacher St. only, avoid the mall offshoots).
For Southern Italian seafood: Daily Catch, Giacomo's.
For super-cheap Southern Italian comfort food lunch: Galleria Umberto.
For baked Southern Italian and pizza: Antico Forno.
For Italian baked goods: Modern Pastry, Maria's, Mike's.
For an espresso and cannoli: Caffe Vittoria.
Very strongly do NOT recommend Piccola Venezia. Also one can do notably better than any of these spots: Limoncello, Cantina Italiana, L'Osteria, Lucia, Filippo's, Trattoria Il Panino, Fiore, LoConte's, Mother Anna's, Strega, G'Vanni's, Piccolo Nido, Nebo, Cibo, and Artu. And at all costs avoid: Ida's, La Famiglia Giorgio, Dolce Vita, Riccardo's, Caffe Pompei, Joe Tecce's, and La Famiglia Spagnuolo. That still leaves a lot of places.
No Name is not an especially good choice for this despite the price, and avoid suggestions to try Barking Crab, where I've gotten sick twice, or Jasper White's Summer Shack, which is expensive and not very good.
If you're OK with spending more money on seafood, you might consider Neptune Oyster (in the North End), which is excellent and does arguably the best lobster roll locally.
Bachslunch is awesome! I agree with everything except his opinion of Artu, where I love the sausage,rapini, and fusili and the very, very light eggplant parmesan. You almost have to hold it down on the table.
Thanks everyone! Giacamo's was excellent, inexpensive, and not much of a wait. I had the lobster ravioli. Yum!
thanks for checking back - which location did you visita?
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0.942524 |
When interviewing, and considering Veterans for hire, many recruiters and hiring managers question how transferrable the hard and soft skills these candidates bring to their civilian roles. Veterans are highly desirable candidates for most civilian jobs because of the skills they learned during their time in uniform, not despite them. The United States military is, by all accounts, the greatest leadership development institution in the world and the career success Veterans experience after joining the civilian workforce is testament to that claim.
MOS translators, however, often fail to translate soft skills from military experience as these skills are generally learned through experience and formal training, and don't necessarily have a universally common certification or performance standard. Soft skills are intangible characteristics that have varying measures of quality, proficiency, or expertise based on who is judging or making the assessment. Is someone a good manager or communicator? The answer often is "that depends."
The military work environment is structured with hierarchies of authority, levels of unit organization, multiple functional areas, culturally-diverse people, and a multitude of policies and regulations that govern how everything is done. Because of this environment, teamwork and leadership is critical to maintain order and discipline, and execute operations with high-performing teams.
At every level of authority and throughout their military career, military service members are continually learning about their areas of expertise, and being groomed and mentored for the next level of responsibility. A typical solider in the Army, for example, is expected to be able to perform at a position two levels above his own.
Career progression for active duty service members is more predictable and one ascends to the next grade level or is availed career-enhancing opportunities when they are, and continue to be, successful. Success in the military relies on being a team player and possessing leadership ability when in a role that demands it.
Great leaders also make good followers. In the military, to gain higher levels of command, you must be able to prove followership as well as leadership. No command group wants someone who can only lead and doesn't know when to salute smartly and move forward.
The operational and tactical military work environment is dynamic, often unpredictable and highly stressful. As such, military service members are empowered to do whatever is necessary to ensure the safety of their team and to succeed at the mission or task at hand.
Critical thinking and problem solving is done by the leaders and service members on the ground, considering the resources available, mitigating known risks and continuing the mission. The adjusted plan may not be pretty, but being stuck or compromising the mission is unacceptable (not an option).
Because of the hierarchical and diverse workforce in the military, cross-functional and transparent communication is critical for achieving clear understanding of roles, responsibilities, and expectations for performance.
Military service members very often speak with candor, not necessarily tact. When given an opportunity to respectfully speak their opinion, they will do so. They are often brutally honest because there is no room for second-guessing what someone means when in a highly stressful situation where lives can be at stake.
Most military service members are resilient and quite strong for having served. Many are confident, highly assertive, proud and honorable in their character and professional demeanor. They lived a value-based existence while serving their country and seek to work with purpose and measurable impact after the military.
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0.951706 |
Is there a way to tell when Process is waiting input?
I am using a program that uses c# to integrate with the operating system through Process. It runs a process that connects to a third party via username/password.
When the username/password is incorrect, it will prompt for username/password on the command prompt.
I am trying to find a way to detect that it is awaiting input and Close() the process and alert the program "bad username/password".
If I try to read from Process.StandardOutput when it is waiting for input, it crashes the application. I'm not sure if this is a bug in the application, or is that would be expected. But I also need a way to close the process if it is waiting for input (as it isn't interactive, I want to just let the user know the password is invalid, and to update settings).
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0.999868 |
When is the best time to take a Thailand Golf Holiday?
When planning your Thailand golf holiday, it is very important to take into account the time of year you travel.
There are 2 very important aspects to this, the first being the weather, and the second being the cost of accommodation, with huge variations in price between the ‘high’ season and the ‘low’ season.
With regards to the weather, it is basically broken down into 3 seasons. The ‘cool’ season, from November – February is the start of clear skies and reduced temperatures following the rains of the preceding months. Temperatures vary between 20 & 25 degrees centigrade, with light breezes providing great golfing conditions. This is the peak tourist season and hotel prices reflect this. I would always recommend you make your reservations well in advance in order to secure your preferred accommodation.
The hot season begins in March, although this month can still be very enjoyable as it is a very gradual increase in temperature, and can often get much of the ‘cool’ season’s benefits. April and May can be particularly hot and humid, with temperatures reaching 30 degrees centigrade. This time is still quite popular with tourists, because you can find much better prices in hotel accommodation. During the month of April, important dates are the13th, 14th & 15th, which is Thai New Year, and is celebrated by the Songkran festival. Thailand comes to a virtual standstill during this period, and local custom involves many water festivals to celebrate the coming of the rainy season. This alone is quite a spectacle for visiting tourists, although you should be aware that hotel prices rise during this period, are they are extremely busy.
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0.949054 |
In October 2015, violent protests erupted in India after a law was passed banning the consumption of beef. Why was this law enacted?
India has an ancient spiritual and cultural connection with cows and many Hindus regard the animals as the "mother" of civilization, their milk providing nourishment to humanity asking nothing in return.
Even Mahatma Gandhi once noted "If someone were to ask me what the most important outward manifestation of Hinduism was, I would suggest that it was the idea of cow protection." So it stands to reason, that for most Indians, beef is definitely not on the menu.
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0.814822 |
Pratt was founded in 1884 and named after Caleb S. Pratt, a young Civil War officer from the Kansas Infantry, who was killed in the Battle of Wilson's Creek near Springfield, Missouri The first post office in Pratt was established in June 1884.
In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a main line from Herington to Pratt. In 1888, this line was extended to Liberal. Later, it was extended to Tucumcari, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas. It foreclosed in 1891 and was taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad, which merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad. In 1997, Missouri Pacific merged with Union Pacific. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".
Built in 1930, Hotel Roberts is the largest and most highly styled historic hotel in Pratt. Construction of the hotel was initiated by the Pratt Chamber of Commerce, which formed a committee in the late 1920s specifically to facilitate the construction of a large new hotel. Seen as a potentially valuable asset for the community, the hotel was financed in part through a public subscription campaign, and constructed on land provided by the Chamber. The Pratt Hotel Company owned and operated the hotel and hired Wichita architect Samuel S. Voigt and Kansas City contractor Webster L. Elson to design and build the building. Elson not only supervised the rapid construction of the "fire-proof" building, he was a founding member of the Pratt Hotel Company, and he retained an ownership interest in the property for many years. The community hospital was established on the eighth floor of the building in 1932, complete with an operating room and an x-ray machine. Architecturally, the building is significant as an early and sophisticated example of the Art Deco style in central Kansas. The hotel opened as the Hotel Roberts in 1930, and continued under that name until 1959, when it was purchased by Monte Parrish and renamed the Hotel Parrish. In January 2015 it was listed on the National and State Registers of Historic Places for its local significance in the areas of architecture and community planning and development.
The nearby Pratt Army Airfield Base served as the final staging area for B-29 outfitting in 1943-1945.
The Miss Kansas Parade and Pageant are held here.
The state headquarters of Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks was constructed southeast of the town.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.49 square miles (19.40 km2), of which 7.37 square miles (19.09 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.31 km2) is water. Pratt is located approximately eighty miles west of Wichita.
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,835 people, 2,837 households, and 1,713 families residing in the city. The population density was 927.4 inhabitants per square mile (358.1/km2). There were 3,201 housing units at an average density of 434.3 per square mile (167.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 1.5% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 2.3% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.2% of the population.
There were 2,837 households of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.6% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.93.
The median age in the city was 39 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 12% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 25.2% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,570 people, 2,839 households, and 1,780 families residing in the city. The population density was 886.0 people per square mile (341.9/km²). There were 3,312 housing units at an average density of 446.6 per square mile (172.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.87% White, 1.00% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.95% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.46% of the population.
There were 2,839 households out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the city, the population was spread out with 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,646, and the median income for a family was $42,412. Males had a median income of $31,186 versus $20,640 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,486. About 7.1% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.
Bus service is provided daily eastward towards Wichita, Kansas and westward towards Pueblo, Colorado by BeeLine Express (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).
Theodore Bagwell lies low in a Pratt bar in "The Killing Box", an episode of the television series Prison Break.
In Stephen King's "The Stand", Nick Andros and Tom Cullen meet the promiscuous, ultimately vicious Julie Lawry at Pratt.
^ "Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961". Kansas Historical Society. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
^ "Pratt County, National and State Registers of Historic Places". Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pratt, Kansas.
This page was last edited on 24 March 2019, at 15:21 (UTC).
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0.999997 |
I read a very detailed article today about some of the more prevalent ways by which hotels are harnessing the power of social media. It’s an interesting read as many hotels could be doing a lot more to develop their online networking capabilities.
As outlined by the article, the two principal factors are improved customer service via direct web relationships and exclusive deals. Just as a concierge might alleviate grievances on site, having an active online presence heightens communication with past and prospective guests, helping retain customers and bring potential problems to light. On the flip side, many people, rather than looking to chat, are interested primarily in special offers your property may post on social media sites. Keeping these networks in mind as a part of your promotional strategy or reward system is a great way to generate online activity and drive sales.
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0.986994 |
WiFi Router is a networking device allowing for several internet devices to be connected to the same internet gateway. An internet connected router creates a network that can be accessed by computers, smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, Google Assitant, Alexa or any other wireless devices within your home or office. The Wi-Fi Network created by a router is additionally secured by a WPA or WPA2 password so cannot be accessed by unauthorised users. These days routers are multi-functional and not only allow for a high-speed or ultra-fast wireless connection but are also featured a built-in Ethernet LAN ports and USB so can be connected to any type of internet device. Dual Band routers, operating in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands frequency have a maximum available range and delivers a lag-free and super-fast internet to multi-users at the same time. Industry leading manufacturers such as Gigabit, Netgear, TP-Link or Linksys offer a range of basic routers and high-end gaming wireless routers.
How to choose the right Wifi router?
Bandwidth Frequency (Single Band or Dual Band) - Dual Band Routers allow for data to be transferred over two radio frequencies 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz at the same time. It means more data can be transferred to a larger number of users without sacrificing the speed of the connection. Dual Band routers also offer a bigger range than single band devices.
Ports - Number of LAN ports (Ethernet) may be important if you decide to connect several devices using this technology. LAN ports offer a faster and more stable connection than Wifi as they can not be interrupted by any other devices. USB Ports allow for a USB connection between devices such as printers or internet cameras.
Speed - this may be the most important aspect for many users. Wifi speed standards evaluate and change all the time. The current fastest technology 802.11ac allows for an ultra-fast connection up to 1300 Mbps. The second variant on the list is 802.11n that supports connection up to 450 Mbps. Other options such as 802.11 "a", "b" or "g" are slower standards and are rarely used. Bear in mind, the wifi speeds are "theoretical" and cannot be achieved in the real world. Realistically the "ac" option would be able to support speeds up to 720 Mbps, "n" - 240 Mbps etc. Also, the location of the router is very important. The router sends the signal in all directions so ideally should be placed in the centre of home or office. Walls, ceilings and other construction elements have an impact on the signal's quality and connection's speed.
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0.994012 |
If you were to spend the money on only one excursion while in the Anchorage are I would have a very difficult time choosing between one of two activities. Alaska Native Heritage Center and a Portage Glacier cruise.
The glacier cruise on Portage Lake is a must. First of all, you will drive through breathtaking and awe-inspiring scenery on your way up to the lake and glacier. Secondly, the trip is very well narrated by a knowledgeable guide and extremely educational. Finally, and most importantly, who doesn’t like to see a glacier up close and personal, and let’s face it, it is one of the first images most people’s minds conjure up when thinking of Alaska!
I thoroughly enjoyed this cruise and would wish for anyone getting to spend time in the Anchorage area to get to enjoy this site.
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0.950748 |
Ethics are defined as the moral principles that help govern a person’s behavior or the conduction of a certain activity. Since the dawning of civilization, laws have been used as a beacon of order in society. This goes as far back as the Code of Hammurabi, a preserved Babylonian code of law used in ancient Mesopotamia. Since then, a long-standing debate has remained the world of law. Do ethics have a place in it?
Rules are used to maintain minimal civil standards in society and they tell us what our punishment will be if we do not adhere to those edicts. They do not inform us of whether or not that is what an ethical person would do. The rule of law is grounded in principles of fairness, equality, and justice. In many scenarios, judges and lawyers have to practice proper behavior in order to maintain these characteristics. If these guidelines aren’t followed, then the rule of law will begin to unfold while public unrest would be on the rise.
The law profession can lead to many conflicts of interest because there are situations where the rule of law may go against one’s ethical beliefs. Just like health professionals are not allowed to discriminate or treat others unfairly, the lawyers have an obligation to ensure that there is no internal conflict between his beliefs and what the law states. These conflicts of interest have the capacity to exacerbate over time and can lead to serious legal proceedings, such as negligence or breach of trust.
In addition to this, there also arises the issue of potential confidentiality issues and whether or not the lawyer is double minded. There is an inherent duty within those who practice law to exhibit a level of trust that the client can rely upon. This issue of trust gets further exacerbated if the lawyer has nefarious means to what decisions he chooses to make. Whether it be intentionally misleading the court or other forms of manipulation, ethical dilemmas typically arise because there is a gross lack of transparency.
Discussing the role of ethics in law ultimately remains fruitless if the honorable nature of the law profession isn’t the initial point of concern. As the topic continues to gain traction, it is important the integrity isn’t compromised.
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0.999743 |
Are you having some sorts of idea to use the imagination of cool home bars and turn your basement into your very own bar, but certainly have no clue where to start? Okay, I really need you to stay with me here and I promise that there will be solutions for your idea to make the best out of the imagination of cool home bars. Well, I am not going to hold you any longer so we shall go down to the business now.
Creating home bar is what most people want to do with their scary and dark basement so they could spend some times off from all the activities enjoying and relaxing the moment while have some chit-chat with friends in calming and soothing area as they enjoy the beers and snacks. The bar could also turn into such an amazing place for us to spend time watching the football in Saturday. In order to lodge such a goal, properly decorated kind of home bar is necessary and you could start by making the best plan. You all know that the plan is required when you want to make sure the project is working properly according to your needs. Creating such a good plan takes time and it is explained why you need to be really patient. The plan involves so many things, such as the design of the home bar, the furniture, the accessories, and do not forget the arrangement things as well while budgeting also is crucial matter.
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0.990883 |
Along with the rising costs and extended time table for the project, Westinghouse was forced to file bankruptcy in 2017 for their net loss of nine billion dollars from construction projects including the failed nuclear reactor V.C. Summer in South Carolina as well as Vogtle itself.[viii]This caused Georgia Power and the other utilities to hire a different construction company, once again decreasing the time efficiency of the project. At this point, the utilities began to grow weary of the plant’s success, particularly Oglethorpe Power and MEGA. MEGA was the first company reluctant to continue with Plant Vogtle as they were being discouraged by Jacksonville Energy Authority’s (JEA) interim CEO, Aaron Zahn.[ix]In the initial phases of units three and four, JEA agreed with MEGA to buy power from the not yet constructed reactor. However, with the increasing costs, Zahn claimed the Plant Voglte project was now “economically obsolete” as JEA would now be obligated to pay four billion over the next two decades.[x]Eventually, JEA decided to go ahead with the project in order to avoid any losses associated with previous investments.
Oglethorpe Power was also hesitant to continue with Plant Voglte upon the $2.3 billion dollar increase in August 2018.[xi]Oglethorpe voiced their concerns to Georgia Power and stated that they would only continue to support the project if a price cap was established. If Oglethorpe failed to support the project, the company would still have to pay their already borrowed federal loans, but would now only have five years to pay them off instead of twenty years. Due to facts such as this and other reasons, all four utilities were able to agree on a price cap, allowing Plant Vogtle to move forward with the construction process.
So far Plant Voglte has had many implications for the utilities companies involved, but what does the plant’s project mean for Georgians?Plant Vogtle has been a complex task, as its construction has provided benefits as well as drawbacks. First, it is important to note why Georgia Power was so fervent about the construction of units three and four in the first place. Nuclear energy represents the future of energy production, as it is much more environmentally feasible than traditional coal-burning plants. Also, when nuclear reactors are well-kept, they are estimated to produce energy for eighty years, which is an enormously beneficial payoff when compared to other forms of energy. Nuclear energy is also the most powerful form of energy as Plant Vogtle itself would bring hundreds of homes and companies power throughout Georgia.
Along with the benefits of nuclear power, there are three key incentives as to why Plant Vogtle should continue to be built. First, the construction of the plant has brought about 5,000 jobs to the areas in and around Waynesboro.[xii]Not only has this increased the employment rate, but it also attracts investment to the more rural areas of Georgia. Second, Georgia will become particularly desirable for businesses surrounding the state and even outside the U.S. Plant Vogtle is the only power plant under construction in the U.S. and will soon offer advantages for companies looking to capitalize. Finally, it is likely that administration within the next few years will place carbon taxes on energy companies.[xiii]By taking the initiative to ‘go nuclear’, Georgia subsidiary companies and thus ratepayers will no longer be threatened by this tax.
The time and money to build Plant Vogtle has translated to costs for Georgia ratepayers. Many people in Georgia are understandably concerned about what this will mean for their power bill. The effects from the project will not be represented on power bills until 2023 and will only increase by a rate of eleven percent from all overrun charges.[xiv]Currently, the Georgia consumer already pays a Vogtle surcharge at about eight percent.
While Plant Vogtle has increased rates among Georgia payers, it has also brought job growth and outside interest to rural Georgia. There is no denying that the project has been off to a rough start, but the supporting companies have shown that they all agree it would be worse to walk away after coming so far. There are conflicting arguments as to whether or not Plant Vogtle will prove beneficial for Georgia, but only time will truly tell and for now, it is the people of Georgia to decide.
[xii]Political Rewind Podcast. (September 24, 2018). Political Rewind: Is Plant Vogtle Worth The Cost To Consumers. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
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0.957202 |
Create a Google doc called DigitalFootprint to use as a journal for this exercise.
If someone was to search for your online, what would they find?
Google yourself to find out.
Search any of the social media sites you belong to, what would they find?
What are your digital footprints?
Is there anything online that you wouldn't want your teacher, parent, or future employer to know about you ?
Are there other people that you know connected to your search?
Make sure you also check the Search Google Image result page.
Do not disclose your personal address, phone number, passwords. Bank card numbers...etc even in private messages. There is always the possibility of somebody hacking into your account and finding them.
How can your footprint be used?
So What can you do? THINK and be safe!
Yes, be careful with your social media presence, but just think about everything you do on a computer or smart device.
Is this news to you? It was to me!
Can you erase this? If so how?
Do other search engines have a similar feature?
Do you need to change how you use social media?
What can you do to build a positive digital footprint?
Are you the only person that can contribute to your digital footprint? Who else can? Explain.
Find an example of a positive outcome using social media?
Find an example of a negative outcome using social media?
What other questions do you need to ask yourself as you go forward using social media?
What actions should you take if you feel you are a victim of cyber bullying?
What do you think is left behind on the computers you use at school? at the Library? or other public locations?
How can public WI-FI access points effect your footprint?
Use canada411.ca to reverse look up your home phone? What do you find? Does it work on your cell phone number?
Are there other sources of a digital footprints that do not show up in Google?
Do other search engines find different results than Google?
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0.95233 |
How likely do you think it is that Williams will win a race before the end of the year?
Anything is possible. Williams is running at the front, the car is reliable and the team has a spring in its step for the first time in many years. And both Valtteri Bottas and Felipe Massa are very capable, so Williams is in a good position.
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0.889587 |
What role does Congress have to play to combat illegal financial activity?
The truth is that bad actors will continue to seek new ways to exploit the financial system for illicit purposes – be it financing terrorism, laundering proceeds from illegal activity such as corruption, evading international sanctions, or evading taxes – and the Administration cannot address these actions through executive steps alone.
1. Pass legislation to require “beneficial ownership” transparency: On behalf of the Administration, the U.S. Department of the Treasury is sending a new legislative proposal to Congress that would require all companies formed in the U.S. report information about their beneficial owners to the Department of the Treasury. That step would make information about beneficial owners readily available to law enforcement.
2. Pass legislation to give law enforcement better anti-corruption tools: We are also seeking legislation to advance our ability to fight corruption both here in the United States and abroad. The new legislative proposals would enhance the ability of our law enforcement officials to obtain information from domestic and foreign banks so they can investigate and prosecute money laundering. This will also allow the Justice Department to prosecute money laundering linked to a broader set of crimes, including ones that involve corrupt public officials.
3. Approve eight tax treaties: Eight tax treaties have been awaiting Senate approval for several years. Without those treaties, U.S. officials don’t have a complete set of tools to fully investigate and crack down on tax evasion by Americans with offshore accounts, including secret Swiss bank accounts.
4. Strengthen existing law to improve reciprocal transparency: In 2010, President Obama signed legislation that established the global standard for financial reporting by requiring foreign financial institutions to automatically report to the IRS information about financial accounts held by U.S. persons. But right now, the U.S. doesn’t provide the same information to its partners under this law that they provide to the United States. Congress can strengthen this law by requiring U.S. financial institutions to provide that information to our partners.
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0.999983 |
How did the letters x and o come to represent hugs and kisses? Let's start with x: the practice of using this letter goes back to the Middle Ages, when it was used by illiterate people to sign documents. X was probably so common due to its simplicity and resemblance to the Christian cross (it was associated with Jesus for a long time before that). After signing, many of those people would kiss the signature to emphasize the importance and religious aspect of the mark, and thus the association got formed. The o part of it is a bit more obscure. It might have something to do with Jewish immigrants to the United States, who signed it with an o to not use the cross, or with shopkeepers who signed that way. It could've been formed as a contrast to the x, or adopted because of an aesthetic similarity to what a hug looks like, or just taken from tic-tac-toe. A lot of that is speculative, but any one of those origins would be fascinating if correct.
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0.999262 |
A.M. Started with Jeremy and Ariel. Ariel is from Uruguay so we spoke Spanish the entire time. He speaks English fine, in fact his wife does not even speak Spanish, but his presence gives me and Jeremy and extra boost to work on our Spanish. Based on my observations the day before, I decided to try this workout: 400 fast - 100 recovery - 400 fast - 100 recovery - 500 fast - 100 recovery - 500 fast going out of the canyon because I noticed it is easier for me to hit a higher HR on a mild downhill and without the headwind. I did 75, 73, 1:33, 1:31 - recoveries were around 8:00 except before the last one when I was going around 10:00 pace. HR was 157 at the highest. I was not happy about that, but no matter how hard I tried, it was not going higher.
After finishing a bit more than 6 with them I did 6x100 hill repeats starting out at 18.8 and finishing in 17.5. Then I ran 6 with Benjamin. I did a half mile interval on the way back again down the canyon in 2:25.3 with the max HR of 159. I am happy that I could hit 4:50 pace and after half a mile HR was still only 159. It actually got there by 600 and then was staying steady. That is actually a very good result as far as the economy is concerned. What I am not happy about is that I could not go any faster.
Total of 13 miles for the run.
P.M. 2 with Joseph, Jacob did 1 of them.
A.M. Started with 6.7 with Jeremy and Ariel. I wanted to know if Ariel could run a 6:15 mile. So we did a fast mile coming back down the canyon. We opened with a 92 quarter. I sensed that Ariel could go faster and upped the pace a bit with the next quarter in 90. The next quarter was 87. Then I saw that Jeremy could break his mile record and challenged him to kick. We finished in 5:53 with the last quarter in 84, which is his new record. Ariel finished in 5:56 with the last quarter in 87. So that is encouraging, he has more speed than I thought.
Then I ran another 6.5 with Benjamin, total of 13.2.
A.M. Started with Ariel and Jeremy. Repeated my workout from Tuesday. did 2x400 71.8, 72.3, then 2x500 1:32.3, 1:30.0 with 100 recovery. HR maxed out at 159 on those. Then back to the house, 6x100 hill sprints 18.8, 18.2, 17.8, 17.6, 17.3, 17.2. Then 6 more with Benjamin with a half mile interval in 2:22.7. Benjamin ran the first quarter with me in 71. HR maxed out at 162. The overall feeling was that I could push more air through the lungs and more blood through the legs.
P.M. 2 miles with Joseph, Jacob did 1.
A.M. Ran with 6.5 Jeremy, did 1000 pickup in 3:18. Then another 6.5 with Benjamin. Jenny and Julia did 2.
A.M. 20 mile run. Chad ran the first 9 with me then turned around. On the way back I did the 10 mile tempo. It was windy, the wind was blowing into the canyon again. I think it was stronger than last week - HR was notably higher, while the pace on certain stretches was much faster, while on others only marginally faster, and there was a mile stretch right when I came out of the Vivian Park where I could not even break 6:00. Total time was 58:23, HR hovered around 148-152, maxed out at the end at 160 on the uphill by the house. The 3 mile tempo stretch was 17:26. Chad waited for me at the 16 mile mark, then tried to join me for part of the tempo, but his stomach was not cooperating so he only lasted about half mile.
Benjamin did 6, Jenny and Julia 2, Jacob 1.
P.M. 2 miles with Joseph.
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0.95786 |
For cat owners, there's nothing more terrifying and distressing than to find out that your beloved feline companion has developed a malignant tumor or tumors. In order to give your cat the best chance to survive a case of feline cancer, it's important to seek treatment as soon as possible. Also, having a basic understanding of cat cancer and the steps involved in fighting the disease can help make the process of diagnosis and treatment less confusing and overwhelming.
Cancer involves the unregulated proliferation of cells resulting in the formation malignant tumors. This type of uncontrolled growth occurs when gene mutations are caused by damaged DNA. Typically, any damaged cells would be destroyed by the animal's immune system; however, cancerous cells are able to avoid destruction by the immune system and, therefore, continue to grow in their unregulated manner. These cells then form a mass known as a tumor, which can either be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors are the cancerous ones, and they can be very aggressive and dangerous.
There are so many different types of cat cancer that it's not possible to discuss all of them here. Cancer can originate in and affect almost all parts of the feline body; however, there are certain types of cat cancer that are more common than others. These include bladder cancer as well as various abdominal cancers which can affect the kidneys, intestines, spleen, and liver. Feline leukemia and malignant skin tumors also affect cats quite frequently.
In most cases, it's impossible to identify one or more particular causes of cancer in a feline patient. The potential causes and triggers of this disease are numerous and encompass both genetic and environmental factors. For example, hereditary defects and toxic chemicals can both play a role in the development of cat cancer. Radiation and viruses such as the Feline Leukemia Virus are also known to increase a cat's risk of developing cancer. With so many potential triggers and contributing factors, the cause of feline cancer in a particular cat will often remain unknown.
When a cat has been diagnosed as having cancer, the necessary treatment plan will depend on a number of different factors, including the type of cancer present and the stage of the disease. Examples of treatment methods frequently used for various forms of cat cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is part of a holistic health approach to treatment and is often used in conjunction with other treatments. This particular form of therapy involves using a variety of natural supplements to boost the cat's immune system in order to provide the animal with a greater ability to fight the cancer as well as to withstand other forms of treatment such as chemotherapy. In some cases, treatment for cat cancer will successfully eradicate the disease but, unfortunately, in other cases treatment will only serve to slow the progress of the cancer.
Since the potential contributing factors with respect to the development of cat cancer are so numerous, it can be difficult and even impossible to predict and prevent cancer in many cases. Yet, there are certain steps that pet owners can take to help lower the chances of their feline friends developing this terrible disease. Often, a holistic health care approach is very beneficial in this regard. By promoting and protecting your cat's overall health with a good diet, a healthy living environment, and natural supplements, you will be boosting the strength and function of your pet's immune system. As a result, your feline companion will have a stronger defense against cancer and all other feline medical problems and will be more likely to live a long and healthy life.
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0.995205 |
Yesterday, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) ruled that there is insufficient evidence to make a recommendation, either for or against, routine screening for cognitive impairment in older adults. Today, the press is ablaze with sloppy reporting on the matter.
Many news stories (like this from US News and World Report) are conflating cognitive impairment with dementia, but readers of this blog understand that cognitive impairment may be very mild whereas dementia is, by definition a severe loss of cognitive capacity. Many others (like this from Time), are interchanging dementia and Alzheimer's disease, which inappropriately implies that the two are one in the same, and obscures the fact that Alzheimer's is but one of the many causes of dementia.
To be clear, the USPSTF did not rule against anything. They merely concluded that the evidence is not strong enough to make a recommendation one way or the other. More importantly, their ruling was related to "screening" of "older adults" for "cognitive impairment". In other words, should the healthcare system invest in regular cognitive assessment of all older adults, whether they suspect a problem or not? Their conclusion? They're not sure. They're not for it and not against it.
Rather, the public should monitor their cognitive health vigilantly and promptly report concerns to their physicians for a thorough evaluation. This will allow early intervention against treatable problems like thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiency, anxiety/depression, sleep disorders, and out of control diabetes, all known contributors to cognitive deficits. It will also facilitate early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
This is important because Alzheimer's can be effectively managed for a significant percentage of patients. Effective management of Alzheimer's includes early diagnosis, physical exercise, proper diet, strict control of hypertension and diabetes, poly-therapy with a cholinesterase inhibitor and Namenda, ongoing social and intellectual stimulation, and caregiver education. All of these interventions have been shown to promote optimal disease management and, when brought together as a robust therapeutic regimen, can be surprisingly effective.
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0.998781 |
Cuando el congresista por Florida Jeff Johnson fallece, Thomas Jefferson Johnson, un estafador de poca monta, se las arregla para suplantarle en las listas electorales.
Eddie Murphy, Lane Smith, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Joe Don Baker, Victoria Rowell, Grant Shaud, Kevin McCarthy, Charles Dutton, Victor Rivers, Chi, Sonny Jim Gaines, Noble Willingham, Gary Frank, Daniel Benzali, Cynthia Harris, Susan Forristal, Autumn Winters, James Garner, Doris Grau, Frances Foster, Sarah Carson, Mel Owens, Brad Koepenick, John Doolittle, Rosanna Huffman, Dianne Turley Travis, Tom Dahlgren, Tom Finnegan, Marty Kaplan, Cliff Bemis, Prudence Barry, Nina Totenberg, Julianna McCarthy, Daniel Petrie Jr., Dion Anderson, Stu Levin, Richard Anders, Brian Gelatto, Roger E. Reid, Angela Stribling, Patricia Ciaffa, David A. Penhale, Cordis Heard, Gary Price, Tommy Boggs, J.D. Williams.
Jonathan Lynn (Dirección), Gabriel Beristain (Montaje), Marty Kaplan, Jonathan Reynolds (Guión), Randy Edelman (Música).
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0.937273 |
Is there a simple method for determination of iso 3166-2 'state' codes for osm nodes using nominatim? I have run across mappings from iso 3166-2 to text and the 'pycountry' module which I imagine will amount to the same , but am curious if there is not an in-osm method for this conversion.
I saw a tool called 'cosmogony' (https://github.com/osm-without-borders/cosmogony) , is this the way to go if text conversion runs into trouble?
I am further interested in what geonames calls 'admin2' codes, I am not sure what the iso equivalent is (it seems the geonames admin1 is largely equivalent to iso-3166-2) .
Is there a simple method for extraction of iso 3166-2 'state' codes from osm records? I have run across mappings from iso 3166-2 to text and the 'pycountry' module which I imagine will amount to the same , but am curious if there is not an in-osm method for this conversion.
It isn't completely clear what your goal is. Do you just want a list of any ISO 3166-2 codes being used in OSM? If so, then I don't think you'll find any. The second part of an ISO 3166-2 code may be what's used in addr:state or addr:province tags, but I don't think the full ISO 3166-2 code (e.g. CA-ON or US-NY) would be used in any OSM tags.
Or do you just want a list of ISO 3166-2 codes? If so, you can get that from the ISO site here.
It isn't completely clear what your goal is..
and a further, related question - given a lat-long, is there a way to determine which country its located in ?
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0.939211 |
Barbour was born on May 25, 1783, in Orange County, the youngest of four sons and fifth of eight children of Thomas Barbour and Mary Pendleton Thomas Barbour. Barbour's father served in the House of Burgesses from 1769 to 1776 and in the first four Revolutionary Conventions. His mother was closely related to two Caroline County men of note, Edmund Pendleton, after whom he was named, and John Taylor of Caroline, whose political principles he espoused all of his life. In spite of family financial reverses that prevented Philip Pendleton Barbour and his older brother James Barbour from completing their educations, they were privileged young men by the standards of their day. Philip Pendleton Barbour studied under the local Episcopal minister, Charles O'Niel, and briefly at the College of William and Mary. After lack of money forced him to drop out of school he studied law with St. George Tucker.
Barbour practiced law in Bardstown, Kentucky, for a short time, but in 1802 he moved back to Orange County and opened a law office in Gordonsville. On October 4, 1804, he married Frances Todd Johnson, the sister of James Barbour's wife, Lucy Johnson Barbour, and also his own first cousin. They had two daughters and five sons. They gave family names to their first four children but named their last three baby boys unconventionally: Quintus, Sextus, and Septimus.
Barbour was elected to the House of Delegates in 1812, only a few months after James Barbour became governor of Virginia. He served two years in the General Assembly and received appointments to two major committees, finance and courts of justice, perhaps because he was the brother of the popular governor. In the spring of 1814 he ran for the House of Representatives to succeed John Dawson, who had died in office. Barbour defeated John Mercer in the special election, defeated him again in the general election in April 1815, and ran unopposed for each of the next four terms, serving in all from September 19, 1814, until March 4, 1825.
His decade in the House of Representatives roughly coincided with James Barbour's service in the U.S. Senate, but the brothers' political views, which had earlier been much the same, diverged radically. Unlike James Barbour, who embraced the postwar nationalism of Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and others, and who eventually served as secretary of war in the cabinet of John Quincy Adams, Philip Pendleton Barbour adhered closely to the agrarian, strict construction, states' rights philosophy of what came to be called the Old Republicans in Virginia. He joined Nathaniel Macon from North Carolina and fellow Virginians John Taylor of Caroline, John Randolph of Roanoke, and Judge Spencer Roane in leading opposition to publicly funded internal improvements, the national bank, and the protective tariff. During the debates on the Missouri Compromise, Barbour denounced as unconstitutional every attempt to impose restrictions on the admission of Missouri as a slave state.
Barbour continued to practice law while in Congress, and in 1821 he was among those serving as counsels for the commonwealth when the important case of Cohens v. Virginia was argued before the U.S. Supreme Court. Barbour followed his instructions from the state government to argue that the Supreme Court lacked jurisdiction, but Chief Justice John Marshall sweepingly rejected his arguments and asserted that the supremacy clause of the Constitution meant that all congressional statutes took precedence over any laws of a state and that the federal courts could review the rulings of state courts on questions of constitutionality. The decision was a major defeat for strict constructionists such as Barbour. As in all of his political speeches, his argument in Cohens v. Virginia was a legalistic, forceful, logical call for a strict, almost literal interpretation of the U.S. Constitution that would limit the powers of the national government but not those of the states. Barbour's admirers often complimented his powerful reasoning and uncompromising defense of states' rights, but a Whig newspaper pithily summarized opponents' opinions by calling him a "shallow metaphysical hair-splitter."
In December 1821 Barbour was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives, defeating incumbent John W. Taylor, of New York, who had become unpopular with southern members during the Missouri debates due to his opposition to slavery. Barbour served only one two-year term as Speaker because former Speaker Henry Clay was reelected to Congress the following year and in effect claimed the office.
Barbour chose not to run for another term in Congress, and on February 7, 1825, the General Assembly elected him one of the judges of the General Court for the eastern district of Virginia. In 1827, however, he consented to run again for the House of Representatives, and he was elected without opposition and reelected for the last time in 1829. Barbour ran again for Speaker when he returned to Congress, but lost to Andrew Stephenson, of Virginia, leaving Barbour free to attack the Adams administration (of which his brother was an important member) unsparingly. Barbour supported Andrew Jackson for president in 1828 and was seriously considered for appointment to Jackson's Cabinet, but he settled for an appointment as judge of the U.S. District Court for Eastern Virginia and on October 15, 1830, resigned from Congress. In spite of his ties with conservative southern Democrats, Barbour stood behind Jackson during the nullification crisis. In 1832 he seemed willing to let southern Democrats try to substitute him for Martin Van Buren for vice president on the Democratic Party ticket, but Barbour withdrew after it became clear that Van Buren would definitely be elected.
In 1829 Barbour ran for a seat in the state constitutional convention. He and former president James Madison received the most votes in the counties of Louisa, Madison, Orange, and Spotsylvania and were two of the four men elected to represent that district in the convention that met from October 5, 1829, through January 15, 1830. Barbour served on the Committee on the Executive Department, frequently acted as chairman of the convention during debates in committee of the whole, and on December 9 was chosen president pro tempore to preside during the absence of President James Monroe, who was ill. After Monroe resigned from the convention, Barbour was unanimously elected president on December 12, 1829. From the beginning Barbour cast his lot with the conservative delegates from the eastern counties in opposition to most of the democratic reforms that the convention was considering. He favored retaining property qualifications for voting and supported allocating representation in the General Assembly on a mixed basis of white population and taxable property that continued the political dominance of the slaveholding counties in eastern Virginia.
Barbour remained a judge of the federal district court for more than five years. In March 1836 Andrew Jackson appointed him to the Supreme Court. The Senate confirmed Barbour by a vote of 30 to 11, and he took his seat at the beginning of the January 1837 term. During service on the Supreme Court of only four years, not long enough to have much impact on its direction or compile a distinctive judicial record, Barbour generally followed the lead of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in redirecting the Court away from John Marshall's judicial nationalism and broad interpretation of the Constitution. The most important opinion Barbour wrote during his short tenure on the Court was City of New York v. Miln, decided in 1837, in which he held that the constitutional grant of power to Congress to regulate foreign commerce was not exclusive and that state governments could also regulate aspects of commerce in order to protect public health and safety. The decision complemented Taney's more famous opinion handed down the same year in Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge that laid the constitutional basis for what came to be called the police powers of the states.
Barbour died in his sleep during the night of February 24–25, 1841. A physician diagnosed heart disease and surmised that Barbour had probably died early in the morning of February 25. He was buried at what is now Congressional Cemetery.
May 25, 1783 - Philip Pendleton Barbour is born in Orange County.
1802 - Philip Pendleton Barbour opens a law office in Gordonsville.
October 4, 1804 - Cousins Philip Pendleton Barbour and Frances Todd Johnson marry.
1812–1814 - Philip Pendleton Barbour serves in the House of Delegates.
September 19, 1814–March 4, 1825 - Philip Pendleton Barbour serves in the U.S. House of Representatives.
1821 - Philip Pendleton Barbour argues on behalf of Virginia before the U.S. Supreme Court in Cohens v. Virginia.
December 4, 1821–March 4, 1823 - Philip Pendleton Barbour serves as Speaker of the House of Representatives.
February 7, 1825 - The General Assembly elects Philip Pendleton Barbour one of the judges of the General Court for the eastern district of Virginia.
March 4, 1827–October 15, 1830 - Philip Pendleton Barbour serves in the U.S. House of Representatives.
October 5, 1829–January 15, 1830 - Philip Pendleton Barbour serves as a delegate to the state constitutional convention.
December 9, 1829 - Philip Pendleton Barbour is elected president pro tempore of the state constitutional convention to preside in the absence of President James Monroe.
December 12, 1829 - Philip Pendleton Barbour is elected president of the state constitutional convention.
March 1836 - President Andrew Jackson appoints Philip Pendleton Barbour as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
January 1837 - After Senate confirmation, Philip Pendleton Barbour begins his term as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
February 25, 1841 - Philip Pendleton Barbour dies. He is buried in what is now Congressional Cemetery.
Belko, William S. Philip Pendleton Barbour in Jacksonian America: An Old Republican in King Andrew's Court.Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2016.
Lowery, Charles D. "Barbour, Philip Pendleton." In the Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1, edited by John T. Kneebone, et al., 338–340. Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1998.
Lowery, C. D., & the Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Philip Pendleton Barbour (1783–1841). (2017, December 11). In Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved from http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Barbour_Philip_Pendleton_1783-1841.
Lowery, Charles D. and the Dictionary of Virginia Biography. "Philip Pendleton Barbour (1783–1841)." Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 11 Dec. 2017. Web. READ_DATE.
Contributed by Charles D. Lowery and the Dictionary of Virginia Biography.
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0.973903 |
How do I add file through Skype?
1) In Skype you can right Click any contact and in the menu pop popup you select send a File and then you can send it.
3) You can also drag and drop the file into the chat box and Skype will send it.
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0.999918 |
Explore the basics of Ansible playbooks and various ways to test Ansible.
Explore the basics and features of Ansible for DevOps and its available installation methods.
Explore Ansible features such as Ansible Vault, modules, plugins, filters, patters, and command line tools.
Discover how to configure the Salt master and Salt minion files, as well as work with components such as Grains, YAML, and Jinja.
Explore the basics of SaltStack and the different installation methods available.
Explore the process of remote execution, including running commands and using modules on minions. The state system, including system layers, compiler ordering, and state trees, is also covered.
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0.946976 |
The meaning of the phrase ‘(To) call a spade a spade’ is to speak straightforward or to speak in a plain language.
1. She is not afraid of anybody; she always likes to call a spade a spade.
2. I like his habits of calling a spade a spade.
3. People who call a spade a spade are liked by all.
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0.952963 |
hostage, person held by another as a guarantee that certain actions or promises will or will not be carried out. During periods of internal turmoil, insurgents often seize hostages; recent examples include seizures of Americans and other foreigners by militants in Iran (1979–81) and Lebanon (1980s). Military forces often take hostages among civilians in an occupied country, in order to ensure the delivery of requisitions, to discourage hostile acts, or to take reprisals for hostile acts committed by unknown persons. In World War II, thousands of hostages were executed throughout Europe by the German authorities in an attempt to crush resistance movements. The Geneva Convention of 1949 forbade entirely the taking of civilian hostages. Criminals, especially when confronted by police, sometimes take hostages as human shields or as bargaining assets. In 1998 it was revealed that Israel was holding Lebanese hostages solely for use in prisoner exchanges or other deals with Lebanese guerrillas; their detainment was condoned by Israel's supreme court.
Ancient military custom regulated the behavior and treatment of hostages; originally a hostage was a person who had been delivered by one authority to another as a token of good faith, and was generally treated as an honored guest. However, he might be imprisoned or even executed if the agreement guaranteed by his person was broken. The code of honor was often very strictly observed in feudal times; thus, during the Hundred Years War, when the hostages sent to England in exchange for the release of John II of France escaped, King John felt bound to return to captivity in England. Until the 18th cent., hostages were often exchanged when treaties were concluded.
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0.87211 |
mUPS with two different DC power inputs?
I wonder what are the differences between PoE-in and DC-in in the mUPS?
Could I use both in parallel, possibly with slightly different DC voltages? If yes, what would be the "priority" between those two inputs?
- if both PSU1 and PSU2 are down, use battery to feed PoE-out.
Is this scenario possible using the two power inputs of the mUPS (PoE-in and DC-in)? Or do I need external hardware?
Re: mUPS with two different DC power inputs?
I can't say how things work on mUPS in particular. I have read an explanation by @Normis that when device (a RB device with PoE in) has connected both PoE in and barrel-plug, it'll use which ever power source has higher voltage by some margin (makes sense as it only involves a pair of diodes to make this happen). If one intends to use both power supply options, it is best to have some systematic difference in voltages so that power source used won't change too much.
The scenario of changing power source is the following: let's say that PoE in has 0.5V lower than barrel. Then device will start using barrel power source. As power draw increases, the power adapter will drop voltage slightly and it might decrease to 0.5V below the PoE in. So device will switch over to using PoE in. This will drop voltage on PoE in and allow barrel to increase again, causing barrel voltage to rise significantly above PoE in voltage. And RB will change power source over again.
This changing doesn't harm much the device itself as voltage fluctuations won't be critically high. However it might upset both power adapters due to constant switching between full power draw and idle states.
One of intended installation places of a mUPS is also directly on tower / antenna pole, where AC power might not be available. Hence possibility to power device over ethernet cable using provided PoE injector. If, however, AC power is available near the mUPS, it is always advisable to use barrel-type power input due to lower power drop.
feed PoE-in using provided PoE injector and non-standard 18V, 2A adapter (this gives same wattage as provided power adapter).
Accroding to mUPS brochure, mUPS regulates input voltage to 24V if input voltage is lower than that. Hence mUPS-powered devices won't notice the switch-over from barrel power source to PoE in.
Thanks a lot mkx for your detailed answer! Very useful information indeed.
In the meantime, anyone having more accurate information is more than welcome to share .
I perfectly understand the usefulness of having both RJ45 PoE-in and barrel-type connectors on mUPS. However, since barrel DC-in is there, I don't understand the need for an accessory PoE injector included in the mUPS package. That is, except if two power inputs are tolerated - or better, if such redundacy is considered by design.
I perfectly understand the usefulness of having both RJ45 PoE-in and barrel-type connectors on mUPS. However, since barrel DC-in is there, I don't understand the need for an accessory PoE injector included in the mUPS package.
Why does this surprise you? If installation demands PoE in as power source (which is quite likely, the same reasoning says voltage up-regulation performed by mUPS is a good thing), then one would need to purchase PoE injector. So why not include it? Price of the injector is quite low, shipping costs can easily surpass it. As almost all (if not all without exception) RB devices support passive PoE in, this PoE injector can come handy anywhere so no harm done is it's not needed for particular mUPS installation.
Okay, I understand now your comment about mounting it directly on a tower. Thanks for clearing that up!
Anyway it was definitely just a minor remark, and a bit off-topic I'll come back with news about the tests.
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0.99985 |
Ready to catch more stripers?
Striped bass are not direct relatives of largemouth bass. They are a large fish in the white bass family that can live in fresh or salt water. They spawn in moving water and do not guard their eggs. Many of the lures used for striped bass are also used for largemouth bass, though there are some differences in fish behavior and fishing techniques.
Unlike largemouth bass, it is not considered harmful to fish for striped bass during the spawn. In the pre-spawn mode, they gather near the mouths of rivers and streams. Then they run upstream like salmon and spawn. However, most people fish for stripers in the ocean or in lakes where they have been transplanted or landlocked.
In some areas, like the California coast, efforts are being made to establish striped bass populations. Consider practicing catch and release in these areas. In other areas, particularly certain lakes and reservoirs, striped bass have overrun the water and destroyed or severely impacted other species. Catch and keep fishing is vigorously encouraged in such places, including Lake Powell, Lake Mead, and many Southern California reservoirs. Striped bass have a light, delicate flavor and are delicious when filleted and prepared in almost any manner.
Striped bass are fast, powerful, roaming predators that rarely stay in one place for long. They are opportunistic and will also scavenge, even alongside Catfish and Carp. Active stripers love to chase down and eat almost anything smaller than them, including trout, salmon, shad, and bluegill. On waters where trout are stocked regularly, fisherman often catch very large stripers using trout-like plugs or swim baits. The AC Plug, originally designed for largemouth bass, has proven very effective on stripers, as have similar baits. On the Willow Beach section of the Colorado River, stripers in the 30 to 40 pound class are caught fairly regularly on AC Plugs and similar lures during trout plants. Live shad works well when fish are active, but dead baits, like cut anchovies, also work well.
One of the most exciting times to catch stripers is when they school together, chase shad to the surface, then boil through the middle of the "bait ball" in a feeding frenzy. From late spring to early fall, fishermen chase boils using binoculars and paying particular attention to diving birds that take advantage of the corralled or stunned baitfish. Topwater dog-walking lures, like Zara Spooks or Jumpin' Minnows draw unbelievably powerful strikes in a striper boil. However, shad-like jigs and even metal spoons work well, and they are usually snap-jigged beneath the boil to imitate the rapid direction changes of a confused shad. Metal jigs can also be dropped to the bottom and reeled back up to the surface as fast as possible (a technique known as "smokin' the iron"). One of my favorite "boil baits" is a Creme Lit'l Fishie at least 3" long, which I retrieve at a constant speed, fast enough that the tail just breaks the surface and makes a trail of bubbles. Stripers chase it down and gobble it almost every time. However, the strikes are not as visually dramatic as with topwater dog-walking bait.
On some waters, stripers can be found "slurping" shad larvae at the surface, shortly after the shad spawn. They will pass by, rippling the surface of the water, making slurping noises along the surface. Slurping stripers should be considered active fish and should be approached with topwater baits or jigs.
Stripers respond well to chumming, where it is legal. Fish-flavored canned cat food is an excellent and inexpensive striper chum, and it tends to bring in catfish as well. It should be broken up as it is dumped in the water, preferably with a stick. Many fishermen chum with chunks of anchovies when they are fishing with cut anchovies. However, large chunks will fill the fish and prematurely shorten the bite. Anchovies cut into very small pieces will generate more scent and will leave the fish hungry, resulting in a longer bite. However, the falling pieces will eventually pile up on the lake bottom, and the bite may shift from the mid-depths to at or just above the lake floor.
In the ocean, stripers eat many things, including baitfish, sand eels, bloodworms, squid, and crustaceans. Consequently, freshwater stripers can be caught on many of these baits, and especially bloodworms.
Fly fishermen like to use saltwater streamers, like deceivers or clouser minnows, to fish for stripers. Most use tackle of at least 7 weight. Some use floating line, especially at times of surface activity. Others use sinking or sink-tip lines.
Lure fishermen use a variety of lures. Topwater lures include Zara Spooks, Jumpin' Minnows, Dog-X, Spit' N Image, Crippled Shad, Creek Chub Striper Strikes, Rebel Pop R's, Pencil Poppers and similar lures. Sub-surface lures include Hawg Raiser Jigs, Bucktail Jigs (especially banana-head jigs), large Cabela's Mr. Mean Grubs (white, yellow or chartreuse), shad-imitating soft-plastic baits, slug-go type baits, most styles of crankbaits, most lipless crankbaits, Hopkins metal jigs, Kastmasters, Crocodile spoons, and anything that imitates a trout. Most jigs and soft plastics are snap-jigged for mid-level fish or bottom-bounced for deep fish. Trout imitating lures are primarily used at or shortly after the time that trout are stocked.
Bait fishermen use live shad or minnows, bloodworms, cut anchovies, cut mackerel, nightcrawlers, crawdads, squid, sand eels, and even small live carp. Rigging varies from sliding sinkers above swivels and leaders to plain jigs tipped with bait, to rigs with sinkers on the bottom and sideways leaders extending from 3-way swivels or blood-dropper loops. Hook styles vary from live bait hooks to baitholder hooks to wide gap hooks to circle hooks. Wide gap hooks are good for solid hooksets and they hold the stripers fairly well. Circle hooks are very effective if the hooks are sharp and the angler sets the hook with the reel instead of the rod. Be careful to start reeling quickly with circle hooks or the fish will swallow them and they are difficult to remove from a stomach. Consider a multiple-hook rig, where legal. When fishing bait vertically from a boat, a rig with 3 consecutive circle hooks or wide gap (a.k.a. Kahle) hooks spaced about 1 foot apart, with ??nce split attached just above the eye of each hook. Chum liberally (if legal in your area), then drop your line down no more than 5 feet at a time, counting down the line. Stripers often hit bait on the drop, especially near chum, and a slack line will prevent you from feeling the bite. When you catch the fish, remember how deep you were and count down to that depth again, stopping at least every 5 feet.
Striped Bass (morone saxatilis) are the largest members of the Moronidae family, which includes the white bass and the yellow bass. Striped bass are naturally anadromous, living in salt water and running up freshwater rivers to spawn like salmon. They primarily live in the Atlantic, along the northeastern United States. However, they have been transplanted to the Western United States coast. Stripers can also survive in freshwater, as long as there is adequate running water for them to spawn. Stripers do not make or guard nests like largemouth bass. They run up rivers and spawn over gravel. Their eggs bounce down the gravel and hatch.
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0.999997 |
Imagine a home much like any other home, except this house automatically adjusts its own temperature settings to maximize utility savings while keeping the home's occupants comfortable. When the owners arrive with their hands full of packages, the door unlocks with a touch of a button on their smartphone. Lights switch on at a simple voice command. And the house welcomes them into a place of warm security with their favorite music playing at the perfect volume and they lock up with another simple touch of a button on their smartphone, or wall-mounted touchscreen panel, or voice commands. Sound like something out of a sci-fi movie. No, it is a Vivint Smart Home equipped with Vivint Smart Home Cloud. We are the leading smart home provider in Bloomville for very good reason. In fact, with over 1,000,000 customers, Vivint Smart Home is the largest provider in North America. At Vivint Smart Home, we strive to go above and beyond industry expectations, rewarding you with high caliber products and quality assistance that ensure you always have access to the tools and support you need. Vivint Smart Home customers get the benefit of accessing all their home security and smart home controls through the Vivint Smart Home app, the most downloaded and top-rated smart home app on The App Store. With the best home security and smart home services in Bloomville, Vivint Smart Home is here to bring your in-home technology to the next level.
Bloomville can get extremely cold; all residents know that. We have the solution! With Sky, the intelligence layer of Vivint Smart Home Cloud, you can actually save money on your home heating and cooling costs, without compromising on your comfort. Over time, your Sky will learn how you use your home by integrating data from your in-home sensors, devices, and user profiles. Sky will gradually begin to adjust your wireless thermostat to set your home at your preferred temperature while you're at home and conserve energy while you're away. Wondering what else Vivint Smart Home provides?
Vivint Smart Home wants to make your life as simple and secure as humanly possible. We provide a free one-on-one consultation so that you get the smart home of your dreams, customizing your system to fit the needs of your house. We will also send our Vivint Smart Home Pros directly to your Bloomville house to completely install and integrate your smart home package for no additional cost - regularly $199. Isn't it time your family took advantage of the many advantages offered by a Vivint Smart Home system? Call now to learn more about the Vivint Smart Home system in Bloomville, New York.
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0.961581 |
This paper considers the factors that determine the probable age of a civilisation that might be detected in a SETI search. Simple stellar evolution considerations suggest an age of a few Gyr. Supernovae and Gamma-ray-bursters could in principle shorten the lifetime of a civilisation, but the fact that life on Earth has survived for at least 4 Gyr places a severe constraint on such factors. If a civilisation is detected as a result of a SETI search, it is likely to be of order 1 Gyr more advanced than us.
When we conduct searches for extra-terrestrial intelligence, we often make implicit assumptions about the age of the civilisation that we are trying to find. For example, our strategy for searching for a life-form of a similar age to us is likely to be different from that for a civilisation billions of years more advanced than us. Similarly, in the event of a confirmed detection, the way in which we plan our response will also depend on how advanced that civilisation may be. In this paper, I estimate the likely age of the civilisation that we are most likely to detect, should we be successful in our searches.
The two key factors that determine how old a detected civilisation is likely to be are (a) the length of time since intelligent life first appeared in our Galaxy and (b) the median lifetime of a civilisation. The second of these is more problematic, since the development of a civilisation can be cut short by a wide range of events, including disease, war, global mismanagement, asteroids, supernovae, and gamma-ray bursters. We should also acknowledge the possible existence of other hazards, of which we are not yet aware. For example, the devastating effect of gamma-ray busters has only been appreciated in the last 2-3 years, and there are probably other phenomena yet to be discovered. Events such as disease, war, and global mismanagement are almost impossible to quantify, and so in this paper I concentrate on those events that we can quantify: asteroids, supernovae, and gamma-ray bursters. But in the first section of this paper, I consider what the maximum lifetime of a planetary-bound civilisation might be.
Throughout this paper, I make a very conservative assumption that an extraterrestrial civilisation (ET) resembles us in most significant respects (other than age and evolution). In other words, ET lives on a planet orbiting a solar-type star, and has taken as long after the formation of their star to evolve to "civilisation" as we have, which is ~5 Gyr (Gigayears, or billion years). I therefore estimate the longevity of ET by looking at the hazards that confront the Earth.
2. THE NATURAL LIFETIME OF A CIVILISATION.
I assume that stars like our Sun have been forming since the formation of the Galaxy some 10 Gyr ago. Observed changes in metallicity since then are not sufficient to alter this simple assumption significantly. Our Sun is now about 5 Gyr old, and has an expected total lifetime of 10 Gyr.
For the first 5 Gyr of the life of the Galaxy, there would not have been enough time for a civilisation to develop, and so ET did not exist. Between 5 and 10 Gyr, assuming a constant rate of star formation, the number of civilisations would increase linearly until the present day. At around the present time, some of those first solar-type stars will be dying at the same rate as others are forming, and so, assuming their civilisations die at the same rate as they do, the number of civilisations is then level from now on.
The median age of a civilisation is therefore the median age of those civilisations that started between 5 and 0 Gyr ago, which is 1.7 Gyr. Therefore, in the absence of other factors, any civilisation that we detect via SETI is likely to be 1.7 Gyr more advanced than we are.
A supernova results from the explosion of a high-mass star after its hydrogen and helium fuels are used up, at the end of its lifetime. A supernova exploding within 50 ly of the Earth will have a catastrophic effect. The 1040 J of energy produced in the first few days bathes the earth in a total amount of ionisation some 300 times greater than the annual amount of ionisation from cosmic rays. Surprisingly, little of this radiation reaches Earth. Instead, Most of it ionises atmospheric nitrogen, which reacts with oxygen to form nitrous oxide, which in turn reacts with ozone3. The effect will be to reduce the amount of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere by about 95%, resulting in a level of UV on the Earth's surface some four orders of magnitude greater than normal, which continues for a period of 2 years. This will certainly result in almost 100% mortality of small organisms and most plants. The effect on mammals is not clear, and some might survive. However this 2-year period is followed by a longer (80 years) period of bombardment by the cosmic rays from the supernova, which have similar, although slightly reduced, effects. It is difficult to see how anything other than an advanced civilisation could survive such an extended holocaust.
A supernova such as this goes off in our galaxy roughly every 5 years, and we expect one within 50 ly (light-years) of the earth roughly once every 5 Myr. We expect one even closer (within 10 ly) every 200 Myr. Therefore all life would be expected to be destroyed at this interval. Clearly this has not happened, since we are still here, and I will return to possible reasons in a later section.
Gamma-ray bursters (GRB) are a recently discovered phenomenon, in which some 1045 J of energy are released in a few seconds. The ones that have been observed on earth appear to be distributed uniformly across the observable Universe. Their power is such that we are able to detect GRB right up to the edge of the observable universe. The mechanism is still not known, but is likely to involve the merging of two neutron stars, possibly resulting in the formation of a black hole.
25 000 ly away from us, and have a similar effect as a supernova within 50 ly. However, in this case there is an even more deadly effect, in that, should a GRB go off in the Galactic centre, the immediate blast of ionising radiation is followed by an intense blast of cosmic rays lasting perhaps a few weeks4. These cosmic rays will initiate a shower of relativistic muons in the Earth's atmosphere, causing a radiation level on the surface of the earth some 100 times greater than the lethal dose for a human being. The muons are so energetic that they would even penetrate nuclear air-raid shelters to a depth of perhaps hundreds of metres2.
We expect such a GRB roughly once every 200 Myr, and it would almost certainly result in the extinction of all life on earth other than that deep in the ocean. Again, clearly this has not happened, since we are here.
The geological and biological record shows a series of mass extinctions of life on Earth. The most famous is that at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary, which was almost certainly caused by an asteroid hitting the earth about 65 Myr ago. The KT mass extinction wiped out the dinosaurs, and paved the way for the emergence of mammals as the dominant species on Earth.
Less well known are a series of similar, and in some cases even more extreme, mass extinctions every few tens of Myr, and many smaller extinctions, the last of which was only 11000 yr ago. The cause of most of these is unknown. It is likely that a range of causes including asteroids, distant supernovae, and climatic changes are responsible for them.
All these mass extinctions are on a much smaller scale than the catastrophic events we expect from a nearby supernova or a gamma-ray burst in the Galactic centre. In each of these cases, a number of species (sometimes as many as 50%) were extinguished, but a sufficient range of diversity remained for the biota to recover in a relatively short time.
In the first case, simply multiplying the timescale by a factor of a few is insufficient. We have been evolving for at least 4 Gyr, and so the interval between catastrophes must be at least 4 Gyr for us to survive so far. Presumably the precise interval will vary randomly around this figure, and so any surviving civilisation can look forward to a lifetime of between zero and a few Gyr. In this case, if we detect ET, then ET will have a median age of perhaps 1 or 2 Gyr, which is similar to the 1.7 Gyr derived from simple stellar evolution arguments. Thus, in this case, the supernovae and GRBs have not significantly changed the median age of ET.
In the second case, we have already survived for some 20 times the mean interval between catastrophes, which is very lucky indeed. Whilst it is not possible to quantify this without more detailed knowledge of the frequency distribution of supernovae and GRB, it is likely that the probability is so low that we are alone in the Galaxy. Apart from providing a solution to the Fermi paradox1, this implies that the median lifetime of ET is meaningless, as we will never detect ET!
Conventional models imply that supernovae and gamma-ray-bursters will extinguish life on planets at intervals of about 200 Myr. Since this has not happened on Earth, either these conventional models are wrong, or else life on Earth is probably unique in the Galaxy. The first case predicts a median age of ET as being of the order of 1 billion years. The second case predicts that we will never detect ET. Thus, if we do detect ET, the median age is of order 1 billion years. Note that, in this case, the probability of ET being less than one million years older than us is less than 1 part in 1000.
Therefore, any successful SETI detection will have detected a civilisation almost certainly at least a million years older than ours, and more probably of order a billion years older.
1. Annis, J., 1999, JBIS, 52, 19.
2. Leonard, P.J.T., & Bonnell, J.T, 1998, Sky & Telescope, 95, 28.
3. Rudermann, M.A., 1974, Science, 184, 1079.
4.Thorsett, S.E., ApJ, 444, L53.
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0.941671 |
What is good professional writing?
Good writing is an art and a craft. Well-crafted writing focuses on the orderly progression of ideas -- it leads the reader from one thought to the next. Valuable professional writing contributes to knowledge by organizing and integrating information from different areas, producing new information or extending information via research results, or developing new ideas.
State the central concept or focus of your paper. Try completing this sentence, "My study/manuscript is about ______"
Draft a working title that is a succinct restatement of the central concept. Avoid unnecessary words and phrases such as "an approach to" or "an investigation of."
Do you have enough interest in your topic to sustain your interest?
Will your final manuscript be of interest to others?
Does your paper fill a void, replicate, extend, or develop new ideas?
Research your topic or idea. Use searchable databases to help with this task. Make sure to search literature in areas outside D/MT to integrate concepts that have been studied/proposed previously (don't recreate the wheel, or assume that the wheel belongs only to D/MT). What does the literature say about your topic? Develop a "map" of the literature -- give example.
Create reader interest in the topic.
Establish the problem that will be explored in the paper.
Place the paper in the larger context of the scholarly literature on the topic.
Reach out to specific audiences.
Write an opening sentence that stimulates interest as well as conveys an issue to which a broad readership can relate.
Specify the problem (dilemma, issue) leading to the ideas presented in your paper or study. What issue establishes a strong rationale or need to write/conduct the paper/study?
Indicate why the problem is important.
Focus the problem statement on the key concept being explored.
Generally, refrain from using quotes in the lead sentence. In addition, refrain from using quotes unless they are seminal, historical or add to the paper in important ways. Instead, interpret the literature yourself rather than simply stringing together quotes from others. Put it in your own words.
Stay away from idiomatic expressions or trite phrases (e.g., The lecture method remains a "sacred cow" among most college instructors).
Consider numeric information for impact (e.g., Every year an estimated 5 million Americans experience the death of an immediate family member).
Consider short sentences for impact.
Use such words as purpose, intent, and objective to call attention to this statement as the central controlling idea of the paper. Set off the statement as a separate paragraph.
Identify the theory, model, or conceptual framework that will be tested in a research study or explored in a review paper.
Following sections of the manuscript are dictated by the nature and content of the paper. Quantitative research studies follow a general format discussed in the American Psychological Association Publication Manual (Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion). Qualitative research studies and literature reviews follow a less specific format, but address material by organizing it under appropriate headings.
Writing style. Research papers are generally written in a formal style that uses past tense. Literary style is less formal and uses present tense. Personal pronouns are generally now accepted in both styles (rather than "the author" one can say "I"). Writing style should be matched to the intended audience. For example, articles in the AJDT generally use formal style, but the Marian Chace Annual Lectures that are published each year in the Journal usually use literary style because they have been actual addresses.
Writing as thinking. It is a good idea to practice writing ideas down rather than talking about them. This ensures that the ideas are easily retrieved at a later time and it encourages you to get in the habit of writing. Additionally, if ideas are recorded somewhere, it makes working sessions easier because there is something to start with rather than a blank page.
Use multiple drafts. It can be helpful to use several drafts of a manuscript rather than simply polishing the first draft. If one uses a computer, it can be helpful to print drafts and edit from hardcopy before making changes on the computer copy. It can also be helpful to use outlines.
Establish the discipline of writing on a continuous regular basis.
Establish good writing habits. You can follow suggestions of others such as Cresswell (1994), or you can develop your own habits. For example, you can end each writing session by printing what you have written, reading and editing what you have done either immediately or several hours later. Then when next begin to work, start by making the corrections you noted on the printed copy. It eases you back into the flow of the paper so you can continue.
Remember that writing moves slowly, so ease into the process. Make use of colleagues to give you feedback during the writing process.
It can help the writer to get feedback from others, and the Constructive Response can be used for this purpose. The guidelines below are for use in a group situation, but can be adapted for one-on-one situations also.
Constructive Response Guidelines – Sharon Chaiklin revised these guidelines modeled on Liz Lerman's Critical Response Guidelines for choreography feedback. This model is useful in many kinds of situations, including supervision.
After seeing (hearing) what is being presented, give the writer feedback about all the positive things you responded to...the style, the content, a phrase, a word...nothing is too small.
The writer then asks questions of the group...what are his or her concerns, partial thoughts that need clarifying, etc. Group members answer only what is asked of them - nothing more.
If there are areas that have not been discussed but you wonder about, frame neutral questions that allow writer to think about an issue.
If you have an opinion about something, you may now state you have an opinion about ____ and would the writer care to hear it? The writer can say yes or no freely (sometimes opinions can get in the way of creative thinking and it is up to the writer).
The writer can speak about how he or she intends to make use of what the responses may have offered.
American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual (6th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Austin, C., & McClelland, R. (1998). Writing: The maturing of ideas. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services.
Bebe, L. (1993). Professional writing for the human services. National Association of Social Workers, Washington, DC.
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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0.999804 |
An API, (Application Programming Interface), is not a new technology. Software components have always had APIs in variable forms such as functions/procedures depending on the programming language used to produce an API.
The use of APIs have evolved from being a local software utility to a remote one allowing services to be invoked externally. For example, networking APIs, a form of Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs), are used to establish a communication path among end points. The end points might be internal or external. Interfaces may have certain input/output rules, and that applies to APIs since they are interface between software entities.
API: Is a software entity that provides a service for its clients which is another software entity. For example, services/utilities provided by a programming language platform provide APIs to perform I/O operations.
Open API or OpenAPI: An API that is available to external entities. For example, a Communication Service Provider, (CSP), server may define an Open API for the purpose of billing record exchange with other CSPs or a brokering entity.
Web API: An API that is accessible via the web. Many examples are available such as weather updates. This is sometimes referred to as Web Service, as it is the way to invoke or start/stop a Web Service.
An example of a Web Service is obtaining map updates in which a client may contact a map Web server for updates. The Web API is commonly used when referring to a Web Service.
What is the importance of APIs?
APIs are becoming a common practice by many service providers including CSPs. For example, APIs enable Google map usage by 3rd parties. CSPs’ may enable higher utilization of services such as messaging by 3rd party developers. GSMA has created a standard called OneAPI, http://www.gsma.com/oneapi/, which states: “OneAPI is a global GSMA initiative to provide application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable applications to exploit mobile network capabilities, such as messaging, authentication, payments and location-finding with a cross-operator reach”.
We can conclude that APIs are becoming an integral part of many services today. We can expect APIs’ usage to increase and evolve as more CSPs adopt APIs as part of their service offerings.
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0.963454 |
How long does champagne keep?
I received a corked/boxed/sealed bottle of 1996 Dom last January, and I've been saving it... I just don't know how long it's safe to keep. If it's been aging for 10 years already, is it OK for a while longer, or is there a magic time period in which to drink it?
There are "vintage champagnes", which will age up to 10 years, and "champagnes", which will not age longer than a year. You probably have a vintage champagne on hand, but the label will confirm. Now is probably the best time to drink it.
Apparently, there's no need to rush.
From ktg's Robert Parker quote: "Anticipated maturity: now-2020+"
As others have said, Vintage Champagne ages gracefully for several decades, and 1996 was a particularly good year so you have nothing to worry about. Drink whenever you have a special occasion to celebrate. One is bound to come along in the next 20 years or so.
btw, it will only last that long if you treat it nicely. You don't need a dedicated wine cellar or anything, but you should store it on its side in a cool, dark place where it won't be disturbed often or subject to vibrations. The back of a closet is perfect for this. Chill before serving.
A '96 Dom should last several more years, properly tended. Though, why one would want to wait is beyond me.
Incidentally, the bigger the bottle, the slower it will age. So if you want to lay down a bottle of bubbly and open it in a few years for a special occasion like an anniversary or such, buy a magnum.
btw, it will only last that long if you treat it nicely. You don't need a dedicated wine cellar or anything, but you should store it on its side in a cool, dark place where it won't be disturbed often or subject to vibrations. The back of a closet is perfect for this.
It very much depends on the closet. In my first Astoria apartment, I had a magic closet that somehow preserved my wines indefinitely: I bought wines in 1991 that were still in great condition a decade later. Then I moved to another apartment in Astoria (the scumbag landlord lied to get me out so he could up the rent, but that's another story) and the new closet turned out to be worthless—I had to drink up the last of my good wines before they all turned to rank demon-sweat.
But yeah, if you keep it in the right environment (your refrigerator will also work), it will last for years to come.
In my experience, Champagne usually gets a more nutty taste when aged. I have had a few 1996 of different kinds, and they are all still very young. The last Dom Perignon I had was a 1995 and it was still a baby when I had it two years ago.
Do not however, that Dom Perignon is one of the better Champagnes, and therefor keeps better than a lot of other brands.
Keep it well and use it for breakfast at a special date, like an anniversary or similar :-) Btw. Keeping a champagne in a refrigerator for prolonged periods is as bad as keeping it too warm.
Nah, don't store sparkling wine in the fridge long term: the vibrations mess it up. In fact, never buy sparkling wine chilled if you can avoid it - it's been in a commercial refrigerator for who knows how long, sitting there absorbing vibrations and probably getting light-affected too. Chill it yourself at home. It really does make a difference.
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0.999817 |
who makes to forget. "God hath made me forget" (Hebrew nashshani), Genesis 41:51 .
(1) The elder of the two sons of Joseph. He and his brother Ephraim were afterwards adopted by Jacob as his own sons ( Genesis 48:1 ). There is an account of his marriage to a Syrian ( 1 Chronicles 7:14 ); and the only thing afterwards recorded of him is, that his grandchildren were "brought up upon Joseph's knees" ( Genesis 50:23 ; RSV, "born upon Joseph's knees") i.e., were from their birth adopted by Joseph as his own children.
(2) The tribe of Manasseh was associated with that of Ephraim and Benjamin during the wanderings in the wilderness. They encamped on the west side of the tabernacle. According to the census taken at Sinai, this tribe then numbered 32,200 ( Numbers 1:10 , 1:35 ; 2:20 , 2:21 ). Forty years afterwards its numbers had increased to 52,700 ( Numbers 26:34 , 26:37 ), and it was at this time the most distinguished of all the tribes.
The half of this tribe, along with Reuben and Gad, had their territory assigned them by Moses on the east of the Jordan ( Joshua 13:7 - 14 ); but it was left for Joshua to define the limits of each tribe. This territory on the east of Jordan was more valuable and of larger extent than all that was allotted to the nine and a half tribes in the land of Palestine. It is sometimes called "the land of Gilead," and is also spoken of as "on the other side of Jordan." The portion given to the half tribe of Manasseh was the largest on the east of Jordan. It embraced the whole of Bashan. It was bounded on the south by Mahanaim, and extended north to the foot of Lebanon. Argob, with its sixty cities, that "ocean of basaltic rocks and boulders tossed about in the wildest confusion," lay in the midst of this territory.
On the west of Jordan the other half of the tribe of Manasseh was associated with Ephraim, and they had their portion in the very centre of Palestine, an area of about 1,300 square miles, the most valuable part of the whole country, abounding in springs of water. Manasseh's portion was immediately to the north of that of Ephraim ( Joshua 16 ). Thus the western Manasseh defended the passes of Esdraelon as the eastern kept the passes of the Hauran.
The severity of Manasseh's imprisonment brought him to repentance. God heard his cry, and he was restored to his kingdom ( 2 Chronicles 33:11 - 13 ). He abandoned his idolatrous ways, and enjoined the people to worship Jehovah; but there was no thorough reformation. After a lengthened reign extending through fifty-five years, the longest in the history of Judah, he died, and was buried in the garden of Uzza, the "garden of his own house" ( 2 Kings 21:17 , 21:18 ; 2 Chronicles 33:20 ), and not in the city of David, among his ancestors. He was succeeded by his son Amon.
(4) In Judges 18:30 the correct reading is "Moses," and not "Manasseh." The name "Manasseh" is supposed to have been introduced by some transcriber to avoid the scandal of naming the grandson of Moses the great lawgiver as the founder of an idolatrous religion.
(forgetting), The eldest son of Joseph, ( Genesis 41:51 ; 46:20 ) born 1715-10 B.C. Both he and Ephraim were born before the commencement of the famine. He was placed after his younger brother, Ephraim, by his grandfather Jacob, when he adopted them into his own family, and made them heads of tribes. Whether the elder of the two sons was inferior in form or promise to the younger, or whether there was any external reason to justify the preference of Jacob, we are not told. In the division of the promised land half of the tribe of Manasseh settled east of the Jordan in the district embracing the hills of Gilead with their inaccessible heights and impassable ravines, and the almost impregnable tract of Argob. ( Joshua 13:29 - 33 ) Here they throve exceedingly, pushing their way northward over the rich plains of Jaulan and Jedur to the foot of Mount Hermon. ( 1 Chronicles 5:23 ) But they gradually assimilated themselves with the old inhabitants of the country, and on them descended the punishment which was ordained to he the inevitable consequence of such misdoing. They, first of all Israel, were carried away by Pul and Tiglath-pileser, and settled in the Assyrian territories. ( 1 Chronicles 5:25 , 5:26 ) The other half tribe settled to the west of the Jordan, north of Ephraim. ( Joshua 17:1 ) ... For further particulars see EPHRAIM.
(1) The firstborn of Joseph by Asenath, daughter of Poti-phera, priest of On.
Following the Biblical account of Manasseh (patriarch, tribe, and territory) we find that he was the eider of Joseph's two sons by Asenath, the daughter of Poti-phera, priest of On (Genesis 41:51). The birth of a son marked the climax of Joseph's happiness after the long bitterness of his experience. In the joy of the moment, the dark years past could be forgotten; therefore he called the name of the firstborn Manasseh ("causing to forget"), for, said he, God hath made me to forget all my toil. When Jacob was near his end, Joseph brought his two sons to his father who blessed them. Himself the younger son who had received the blessing of the firstborn, Jacob preferred Ephraim, the second son of Joseph, to Manasseh his elder brother, thus indicating the relative positions of their descendants (Genesis 48). Before Joseph died he saw the children of Machir the son of Manasseh (Genesis 50:23). Machir was born to Manasseh by his concubine, an Aramitess (1 Chronicles 7:14). Whether he married Maacah before leaving for Egypt is not said. She was the sister of Huppim and Shuppim. Of Manasseh's personal life no details are recorded in Scripture. Acccording to Jewish tradition he became steward of his father's house, and acted as interpreter between Joseph and his brethren.
half of which, with Gad and Reuben, occupied the East of Jordan (Numbers 27:1, etc.).
At the beginning of the desert march the number of Manasseh's men of war is given at 32,200 (Numbers 1:34). At the 2nd census they had increased to 52,700 (Numbers 26:34). Their position in the wilderness was with the tribe of Benjamin, by the standard of the tribe of Ephraim, on the West of the tabernacle. According to Targum Pseudojon, the standard was the figure of a boy, with the inscription "The cloud of Yahweh rested on them until they went forth out of the camp." At Sinai the prince of the tribe was Gamaliel, son of Pedahzur (Numbers 2:20). The tribe was represented among the spies by Gaddi, son of Susi (Numbers 13:11, where the name "tribe of Joseph" seems to be used as an alternative). At the census in the plains of Moab, Manasseh is named before Ephraim, and appears as much the stronger tribe (Numbers 26:28). The main military exploits in the conquest of Eastern Palestine were performed by Manassites. Machir, son of Manasseh, conquered the Amorites and Gilead (Numbers 32:39). Jair, son of Manasseh, took all the region of Argob, containing three score cities; these he called by his own name, "Havvoth-jair" (Numbers 32:41 ; Deuteronomy 3:4,14). Nobah captured Kenath and the villages thereof (Numbers 32:42 ; Joshua 17:1 , 5). Land for half the tribe was thus provided, their territory stretching from the northern boundary of Gad to an undetermined frontier in the North, marching with Geshur and Maacah on the West, and with the desert on the East. The warriors of this half-tribe passed over with those of Reuben and Gad before the host of Israel, and took their share in the conquest of Western Palestine (Joshua 22). They helped to raise the great altar in the Jordan valley, which so nearly led to disastrous consequences (Joshua 22:10). Golan, the city of refuge, lay within their territory.
Ten cities West of the Jordan, in the portion of Manasseh, were given to the Levites, and 13 in the eastern portion (Joshua 21:5 , 6).
Manasseh took part in the glorious conflict with the host of Sisera (Judges 5:14). Two famous judges, Gideon and Jephthah, belonged to this tribe. The men of the half-tribe East of Jordan were noted for skill and valor as warriors (1 Chronicles 5:18 , 23). Some men of Manasseh had joined David before the battle of Gilboa (1 Chronicles 12:19).
Others, all mighty men of valor, and captains in the host, fell to him on the way to Ziklag, and helped him against the band of rovers (1 Chronicles 12:20). From the half-tribe West of the Jordan 18,000 men, expressed by name, came to David at Hebron to make him king (1 Chronicles 12:31); while those who came from the East numbered, along with the men of Reuben and Gad, 120,000 (1 Chronicles 12:37). David organized the eastern tribes under 2,700 overseers for every matter pertaining to God and for the affairs of the king (1 Chronicles 26:32). The rulers of Manasseh were, in the West, Joel, son of Pedaiah, and in the East, Iddo, son of Zechariah (1 Chronicles 27:20 , 21). Divers of Manasseh humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem at the invitation of Hezekiah to celebrate the Passover (2 Chronicles 30:11). Although not cleansed according to the purification of the sanctuary, they ate the Passover. Pardon was successfully sought for them by the king, because they set their hearts to seek God (2 Chronicles 30:18).
Of the eastern half-tribe it is said that they went a-whoring after the gods of the land, and in consequence they were overwhelmed and expatriated by Pul and Tiglath-pileser, kings of Assyria (1 Chronicles 5:25). Reference to the idolatries of the western half-tribe are also found in 2 Chronicles 31:1 ; 34:6.
There is a portion for Manasseh in Ezekiel's ideal picture (Ezekiel 48:4), and the tribe appears in the list in Revelation (7:6).
The genealogies in Joshua 17:1 ; Numbers 26:28 - 34 ; 1 Chronicles 2:21 - 23 ; 7:14 - 19 have fallen into confusion. As they stand, they are mutually contradictory, and it is impossible to harmonize them.
The theories of certain modern scholars who reject the Biblical account are themselves beset with difficulties: e.g. the name is derived from the Arabic, nasa, "to injure a tendon of the leg." Manasseh, the Piel part., would thus be the name of a supernatural being, of whom the infliction of such an injury was characteristic. It is not clear which of the wrestlers at the Jabbok suffered the injury. As Jacob is said to have prevailed with gods and men, the suggestion is that it was his antagonist who was lamed. "It would appear therefore that in the original story the epithet Manasseh was a fitting title of Jacob himself, which might be borne by his worshippers, as in the case of Gad" (EB, under the word, par. 4).
It is assumed that the mention of Machir in Judges 5:14 definitely locates the Manassites at that time on the West of the Jordan. The raids by members of the tribe on Eastern Palestine must therefore have taken place long after the days of Moses. The reasoning is precarious. After the mention of Reuben (Judges 5:15 , 16), Gilead (Judges 5:17) may refer to Gad. It would be strange if this warlike tribe were passed over (Guthe). Machir, then probably the strongest clan, stands for the whole tribe, and may be supposed to indicate particularly the noted fighters of the eastern half.
In dealing with the genealogies, "the difficult name" Zelophehad must be got rid of. Among the suggestions made is one by Dr. Cheyne, which first supposes the existence of a name Salhad, and then makes Zelophehad a corruption of this.
The genealogies certainly present difficulties, but otherwise the narrative is intelligible and self-consistent without resort to such questionable expedients as those referred to above.
is really an intentional mistake for the name Moses. A small nun ("n"), a Hebrew letter, has been inserted over and between the first and second Hebrew letters in the word Moses, thus maNesheh for mosheh. The reason for this is that the individual in question is mentioned as priest of a brazen image at Dan. His proper name was Moses. It was felt to be a disgrace that such a one bearing that honored name should keep it intact. The insertion of the nun hides the disgrace and, moreover, gives to the person a name already too familiar with idolatrous practices; for King Manasseh's 55 years of sovereignty were thus disgraced.
A king of Judah, son and successor of Hezekiah; reigned 55 years (2 Kings 21:1; 2 Chronicles 33:1), from circa 685 onward. His was one of the few royal names not compounded with the name of Yahweh (his son Amon's was the only other if, as an Assyrian inscription gives it, the full name of Ahaz was Jehoahaz or Ahaziah); but it was no heathen name like Amon, but identical with that of the elder son of Joseph. Born within Hezekiah's added 15 years, years of trembling faith and tender hope (compare Isaiah 38:15 f), his name may perhaps memorialize the father's sacred feelings; the name of his mother Hephzibah too was used long afterward as the symbol of the happy union of the land with its loyal sons (Isaiah 62:4). All this, however, was long forgotten in the memory of Manasseh's apostate career.
I. Sources of His Life.
The history (2 Kings 1 - 18) refers for "the rest of his acts" to "the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah," but the body of the account, instead of reading like state annals, is almost entirely a censure of his idolatrous reign in the spirit of the prophets and of the Deuteronomic strain of literature. The parallel history (2 Chronicles 33:1 - 20) puts "the rest of his acts" "among the acts of the kings of Israel," and mentions his prayer (a prayer ascribed to him is in the Apocrypha) and "the words of the seers that spoke to him in the name of Yahweh." This history of Chronicles mentions his captive journey to Babylon and his repentance (2 Chronicles 33:10 - 13), also his building operations in Jerusalem and his resumption of Yahweh-worship (2 Chronicles 33:14 - 17), which the earlier source lacks. From these sources, which it is not the business of this article either to verify or question, the estimate of his reign is to be deduced.
II. Character of His Reign.
During his reign, Assyria, principally under Esar-haddon and Assur-banipal, was at the height of its arrogance and power; and his long reign was the peaceful and uneventful life of a willing vassal, contented to count as tributary king in an illustrious world-empire, hospitable to all its religious and cultural ideas, and ready to take his part in its military and other enterprises. The two mentions of his name in Assyrian inscriptions (see G.A. Smith, Jerusalem, II, 182) both represent him in this tributary light. His journey to Babylon mentioned in 2 Chronicles 33:11 need not have been the penalty of rebellion; more likely it was such an enforced act of allegiance as was perhaps imposed on all provincial rulers who had incurred or would avert suspicion of disloyalty. Nor was his fortification of Jerusalem after his return less necessary against domestic than foreign aggression; the more so, indeed, as in so long and undisturbed a reign his capital, which was now practically synonymous with his realm (Esar-haddon calls him "king of the city of Judah"), became increasingly an important center of wealth and commercial prosperity. Of the specific events of his reign, however, other than religious, less is known than of almost any other.
That the wholesale idolatry by which his reign is mainly distinguished was of a reactionary and indeed conservative nature may be understood alike from what it sought to maintain and from what it had to react against. On the one side was the tremendous wave of ritual and mechanical heathen cults which, proceeding from the world-centers of culture and civilization (compare Isaiah 2:6-8), was drawing all the tributary lands, Judah with the rest, into its almost irresistible sweep. Manasseh, it would seem, met this not in the temper of an amateur, as had his grandfather Ahaz, but in the temper of a fanatic. Everything old and new that came to his purview was of momentous religious value--except only the simple and austere demands of prophetic insight. He restored the debasing cults of the aboriginal Nature-worship which his father had suppressed, thus making Judah revert to the sterile Baal-cults of Ahab; but his blind credence in the black arts so prevalent in all the surrounding nations, imported the elaborate worship of the heavenly bodies from Babylon, invading even the temple-courts with its numerous rites and altars; even went to the horrid extreme of human sacrifice, making an institution of what Ahaz had tried as a desperate expedient. All this, which to the matured prophetic sense was headlong wickedness, was the mark of a desperately earnest soul, seeking blindly in this wholesale way to propitiate the mysterious Divine powers, his nation's God among them, who seemed so to have the world's affairs in their inscrutable control. On the other side, there confronted him the prophetic voice of a religion which decried all insincere ritual (`wickedness and worship,' Isaiah 1:13), made straight demands on heart and conscience, and had already vindicated itself in the faith which had wrought the deliverance of 701. It was the fight of the decadent formal against the uprising spiritual; and, as in all such struggles, it would grasp at any expedient save the one plain duty of yielding the heart to repentance and trust.
Meanwhile, the saving intelligence and integrity of Israel, though still the secret of the lowly, was making itself felt in the spiritual movement that Isaiah had labored to promote; through the permeating influence of literature and education the "remnant" was becoming a power to be reckoned with. It is in the nature of things that such an innovating movement must encounter persecution; the significant thing is that already there was so much to persecute. Persecution is as truly the offspring of fear as of fanaticism. Manasseh's persecution of the prophets and their adherents (tradition has it that the aged Isaiah was one of his victims) was from their point of view an enormity of wickedness. To us the analysis is not quite so simple; it looks also like the antipathy of an inveterate formal order to a vital movement that it cannot understand. The vested interests of almost universal heathenism must needs die hard, and "much innocent blood" was its desperate price before it would yield the upper hand. To say this of Manasseh's murderous zeal is not to justify it; it is merely to concede its sadly mistaken sincerity. It may well have seemed to him that a nation's piety was at stake, as if a world's religious culture were in peril.
The Chronicler, less austere in tone than the earlier historian, preserves for us the story that, like Saul of Tarsus after him, Manasseh got his eyes open to the truer meaning of things; that after his humiliation and repentance in Babylon he "knew that Yahweh he was God" (2 Chronicles 33:10 - 13). He had the opportunity to see a despotic idolatry, its evils with its splendors, in its own home; a first-fruit of the thing that the Hebrew exiles were afterward to realize. On his return, accordingly, he removed the altars that had encroached upon the sacred precincts of the temple, and restored the ritual of the Yahweh-service, without, however, removing the high places. It would seem to have been merely the concession of Yahweh's right to a specific cult of His own, with perhaps a mitigation of the more offensive extremes of exotic worship, while the toleration of the various fashionable forms remained much as before. But this in itself was something, was much; it gave Yahweh His chance, so to say, among rivals; and the growing spiritual fiber of the heart of Israel could be trusted to do the rest. It helps us also the better to understand the situation when, only two years after Manasseh's death, Josiah came to the throne, and to understand why he and his people were so ready to accept the religious sanity of the Deuteronomic law. He did not succeed, after all, in committing his nation to the wholesale sway of heathenism. Manasseh's reactionary reign was indeed not without its good fruits; the crisis of religious syncretism and externalism was met and passed.
(which see), who had married a foreign wife (Ezra 10:30). Manaseas in 1 Esdras 9:31.
(6) The Manasses of 1 Esdras 9:33.
A layman of the family of Hashum, who put away his foreign wife at Ezra's order (Ezra 10:33). In the Revised Version (British and American) of Matthew 1:10 and Revelation 7:6 the spelling "Manasseh" is given for the King James Version "Manasses." The latter is the spelling of the husband of Judith (Judith 8:2,7; 10:3; 16:22,23,24); of a person named in the last words of Tobit and otherwise unknown (Tobit 14:10), and also the name given to a remarkable prayer probably referred to in 2 Chronicles 33:18, which Manasseh (4) is said to have uttered at the end of his long, unsatisfactory life. See MANASSES, THE PRAYER OF. In Judges 12:4, the Revised Version (British and American) reads "Manasseh" for the King James Version "Manassites."
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To approach the end of the 20th century, is to inevitably reflect upon the fact that our century, more so than any other, has been one of injustice. This injustice which, in one form or another, characterizes each decade of this century is so constant, so "regularized," and so overwhelming that we have become desensitized to even obvious and gross manifestations of it. That the mortal remains of the slaughtered unborn should be callously put out with the trash and then, not this, but their proper burial should become cause for outrage and for the initiation of civil litigation, is a recent example of this perverse distortion of our moral sense. On a grand scale, a nation switches the channel with an air of boredom as it hears of bombings perpetrated against civilians by its own armed forces. The blood, misery, and dislocation of non-combatants means nothing to us now. That such intentional killing of the innocent was against the most fundamental precepts of the Christian law concerning the conduct of a just war is to us quaint and naïve. How many of our own Catholic people, even those of learning and influence, live comfortably with and even endorse a geo-political system which is anchored by the doctrine of M.A.D., mutually-assured destruction. Massive injustice will be met with massive injustice. In mathematics, two negatives make a positive, no?
The reason I believe that unjust actions against the moral due should be philosophically considered is on account of the fact that the legal due which I owe another man is still considered within the purview of the liberal state. In fact, the liberal state officially bases itself upon the position that it is only the legal due which one citizen owes to another, which the citizen owes to the state, or which the state owes to the individual citizen, whether it be public safety, reciprocity in commercial exchange, or payment of interest-bearing debts to banks, which is the proper domain of the state and of legislation. Indeed, the liberal state normally makes it explicit in its constitution that the powers of the state extend no further than to establish the legal and financial "borders" which separate one individual from another. That the state take an interest in re-establishing, facilitating, institutionalizing or legally sanctioning those complex social and cultural relations which are the very subject matter of the moral due is thought to be the very defining characteristic of a "fascist," "reactionary," "dictatorial" system.
It is the moral due, that debt between persons which cannot be strictly quantified, which concerns us on account of its fundamental role in the social and interpersonal structuring of any real community. Its neglect, the fact that we as moral agents and social beings no longer "see" the non-legal "debt" we owe to others, is a sign of the complete dissolution of a structured social order which is not merely based upon the exigencies of capitalistic commercial requirements.
When we hear the traditional virtues which were understood to be "parts" of the virtue of justice, and which allowed a man to fittingly render his moral debt to others, we cannot help but feel that we are unable to completely savor these terms on account of the fact that one need be in a morally coherent, interrelated community of men searching out similar goals in order for these terms to have real significance for us. In our current state of social Atomism, where each man is a free-floating autonomous creator of life-plans and moral values, the inner verve of such ancient virtues and duties as "piety," "observance," "respect," "gratitude," "affability," and "liberality" simply is not experienced. Moreover, what any real social order experiences as grave violations of interpersonal and interfamilial relations, vices like "reviling," "taunting," "upbraiding," "backbiting," "tale-bearing," "double-tonguedness," and "ingratitude," are simply generalized under the category of "gossip" or "absentmindedness." Actually, what does "gossip" mean for us today who have more in common with someone who frequents the same website as we do, than we do with our own neighbor! At least "gossip" implies real community. Those who speak through the grapevine must one day drink the same wine!
To consider what St. Thomas Aquinas means when he speaks of a "moral debt" which one man owes to another man, is to consider the fact that most, if not all, of the various virtues and vices relating to this kind of debt concern the giving of or the failure to give honor to another man when honor is his due. It is not an exaggeration to say that the whole question of "moral debt" is a question of the rendering of honor to those who deserve it, either because of their inherent excellence or because of the benefits which they have bestowed upon us. In the great ethical tradition of the Classical and Christian world, it is assumed that those who are capable of bestowing good things upon us are those either possessing a certain sort of greatness of soul or at least a social position from which great benefits can be bestowed. The whole question of the moral debt we owe other men who we have contact with, who we share life with within a community, is necessarily bound up with the question of the nature of honor and its role within a society of men.
To analyze the concept of honor is to first acknowledge its basic structure. In the act of honoring, the two parties involved, the one honoring and the one being honored are distinct in their respective persons, along with having a different relation to the act of honoring itself. Honor is not in the one who is honored but, rather, in the one honoring, who shows deference to him.2 Honor is then a rational, voluntary, evaluative response on the part of a person to a certain type of excellence which he finds in another. The act of honoring, normally some external sign or testimony, does not make the excellent person excellent, rather it is simply a testimony to the honored person's excellence. Since honor is, then, a fitting response which one gives to another for some inherent superiority which the honored man possesses as compared to the one honoring, a precondition for such an act is the intellectual recognition on the part of the one honoring that the cosmos of beings is ordered according to different degrees of intrinsic worth. This natural, shall we say "connatural," recognition that there exists a hierarchy of persons, professions, actions, and values can only be short-circuited by artificial and "learned" egalitarian notions. Since such a recognition of hierarchy is at the foundation of all cultural, social, and political life can it not be said that the egalitarian notions, which erupted violently onto the world scene during the French Revolution, are the essential cause of the cultural and social wreckage which we find all about us today. Can we not attribute the many "bent" personalities which we see about us or hear about to precisely this failure to recognize the divinely ordained structure of the whole. A man who does not know the whole surely does not understand his own place within it.
Honor has disappeared from out society because this connatural recognition of hierarchy has disappeared. Since I would hold that this recognition is truly "connatural" (i.e., because of the operations and inclinations of our nature we cannot help but recognize and "feel" it--even the Indians recognized that the "Great White Chief" was to be honored); we can wonder if the Liberalism stemming from the Revolution has produced a situation truly unprecedented and, hence, weird. It is so.
If each "pole" of the act of honoring is considered, we can see that each must conform to certain essential norms. The man who is being honored must display an excellence which can be admired within the context of the social whole. Since part of honor is the hope for future emulation, we can recognize that we only "instinctively" honor those who possess an excellence generally recognized as such. To honor another man, even though this act is voluntary, is in some way a "forced" transcendence of our own egocentric satisfaction with ourselves. How much we begrudge the act that we perform, depends upon the degree of our honest recognition of reality and of our virtuous affirmation of it.
The man we honor is one whom we recognize as one having achieved mastery in a specific area, he has shown himself to be eminently proficient in the task which society has made his. He reveals the prowess which our ancestors have identified as the essence of manliness. These accomplishments and the social acclaim which normally follows from them, provide the honorable man with the benefits which he can then bestow liberally and for which we render him honor. The honorable man is always the benefactor who recognizes that the good things which he possesses do not ultimately belong to him. The delicate shame which characterizes the honored man when he is honored is the deepest sign that the perfections we possess are more ideal than we ourselves are. We but share in that which is more than can be shared.
This half-grudging recognition of the ideal present "within" that man which we honor, is the preliminary to the deference which requires that we "make way for" him, allowing attention to focus on the one we recognize as deserving of respect on account of a certain superiority. This "standing aside," which is the mark of deference, is an implicit or explicit recognition that the one whom we honor has a task more beneficial to others than our own and one which we ourselves benefit from. It is, also, the insight into the awe which takes hold of the soul which has glimpsed the sublime periphery which surrounds the honorable man. The deference which we give, this silent "making way for," is our acknowledgment of the inadequacy of all of the signs by which virtue, excellence, and nobility are recognized. In deference, the communal aspect of honor is also attested to. For surely, silence, which is the most fitting response to the sublime, testifies that the sublime is truth which no one man has seen. The loss of an appreciation of the sublime, and the consequent social vulgarization, in our own day is a certain indication that we do not see other men seeing. We have forgotten what all have known.
It is when considering the honor which the virtue of "piety" demands we pay to our fathers, that St. Thomas unfolds the inner intelligibility at the core of all acts of honor. Why do we call some acts of acknowledgment "honor," and some not. Why is the cook thanked and the host honored? St. Thomas answers this question by first pointing out that the father of a family himself participates in God's own providential care of His creatures. A father is the principle of generation, of education and learning, along with being the provider of whatever pertains to the perfection of human life.5 So too, a man participates in the activity and beneficence of a natural father by exercising providential acts similar to the ones' exercised by the father of a family. This "extended paternity" can even be exercised by a host who, like a father, creates a social "space" in which is found companionship and sustenance.
It is, therefore, in the question after his discussion of the virtue of "piety," that we find St. Thomas discussing the virtue which repays the moral debt we owe to those who exercise, for our benefit, an aspect of the paternal office. Such a virtue St. Thomas labels observantia or "observance."6 To participate in the providential power of a father is to participate in his power of governance. Just as the father governs his own family in the multifaceted aspects of its life, so too men share in this power by exercising government in a specific sphere of life. The man who is honored is both governor and benefactor. The examples St. Thomas gives of such men who exercise the patriarchal power in a specific area of life are the governor of a state in civil matters, the commander of an army in matters of warfare, and a professor in matters of learning.7 Here we find the debt of honor emerging from a "father" and "son" relationship in which the "father" employs all of the skill, practical wisdom, foresight, courage, responsibility which he has gained from a life-time of struggle in order to facilitate the "son's" accession to the goods which the "father" himself already possesses. Here we uncover a reason for the act of honoring. The father gives that which he already possesses. How can he receive from the son that which he does not already have? How can even honor, which does not add to excellence but is simply an acknowledgment of it, bridge the gap between him who owes "everything" and him who has given everything? The Thomistic answer to this question is simply that honor cannot bridge this gap. Honor is given when nothing else suitable can be offered. It is an acknowledgment made by the man indebted to the debtor that the good which he has bestowed will be remembered; it will be reserved close to the innermost core of one's being, where the corroding power of temporality has no access.
It is interesting to note, that even when St. Thomas is explicating his teaching on the act of honoring as a fulfillment of a moral debt owed in justice, he remains faithful to his fundamental appraisal of human life as the unified existence of a body and a soul. Just as man cannot express intellectual concepts without using the material medium of audible words, so too is he unable to express the interior attitude of veneration and regard save by means of signs, "either by words, or when one proclaims another's excellence by word of mouth, or by deeds for instance bowing, saluting, and so forth."9 Whereas we can express the honor which we offer to God and the things of God by a inner act of will or an internal movement of the heart and mind, the reverence and honor which we show men who have benefited us in an exceeding way must conform itself to the normal conditions of relations between men.10 To prescind from giving manifest, that means external and corporal signs of honor and respect, is to fail to render to another man what is his due. We commit an injustice.
The visible, corporal tokens of honor, which have almost completely disappeared from our radically unjust society, are interesting in their variety and import. Genuflection, kissing of a ring, the kissing of hands, bowing, saluting, "making way," reverent silence when the honored one is speaking or wishes to speak, forms of speech used to distinguish rank, formal titles of address, polite inquiries meant to demonstrate benevolence, not doing or saying anything revolting or even off-color in the presence of the honorable one, are all "objectionable" to the contemporary liberal and egalitarian mentality on account of the obvious fact that there is a type of servitude implied in these gestures of interpersonal acts of honoring. Such is the case, and it is meet and right! Indeed, dulia, as it is in classical philosophical and theological thought, is both the honor which is rendered to men of great worth and to the saints, along with being a species of the virtue of observance. As a species of observance, it relates to the rendering of honor which a servant offers to his master. How can this resemble the typical relationship between benefactor and one who is benefited? Isn't it the case, that actually, the master benefits his servant much more than the servant benefits his master? The master has a life. The servant merely services one part of the master's life. The servant gains a "life" by serving his master. The servant bestows a part, the master a whole. We honor those who have bestowed upon us the goods which truly make us the men that we are.
Even though St. Thomas Aquinas identifies the virtue of "gratitude" as that habit which enables us to respond in a fitting way to the generosity of a benefactor (i.e., one from whom we have received particular and private favors),11 thereby distinguishing it from observance, dulia, and pietas, nevertheless, when we consider this virtue we see how closely related it is to the paying of our moral debt to another by rendering him the honor which is his due. Indeed, we can speak of gratitude as the psychological and moral precondition, disposing the soul to respond in a fitting way to a person who is truly honorable and who has been our benefactor. When considering the state of gratitude on the part of the one who is grateful to his benefactor, we must recognize that there are several essential aspects of this psychological and spiritual state. First, there must be a clear and objective intellectual insight into the value of the benefit conveyed. Without this intellectual objectivity, one of the many fruits of the chaste soul, there cannot be an honest assessment of the benefit given, the debt owed, the obligation imposed upon one by the debt, or of the fitting response which is owed. The egocentric soul, which sees all of reality only insofar as it relates to the plans and desires of the self, is blind to the reality of a debt. It is the soul dominated by its own concupiscence which will, necessarily, be the ungrateful soul.
Second, there must be a moral promptitude on the part of the will, which seeks to repay, by an immediate expression of joy and happiness, part of the debt incurred. The spontaneity of gratitude for a gift bestowed is a sure sign of a just soul, one which implicitly desires to give to all men their due. Third, there must be a recognition that the one who has bestowed a gift, something of intrinsic worth, an "end" and not merely a means, has done so out of a liberality of soul which endows others with good things even though he is under no obligation to do so.12 The selfless nature of the honorable man's act in our favor must be appreciated and, indeed, is the very thing which transforms the "is" of the gift, to the "ought" of our moral debt. He has not needed to, but he has done good to me or mine. Only those who have the innocence and objectivity to be selfless themselves can recognize what is selfless in others.
Finally, the ability to recognize the liberality of the bestower of good things and, consequently, to render him due honor, is contingent upon our ability to recognize the good bestowed as gift. This, no doubt, is a prime reason for the near complete disappearance of the rendering of honor in our own society. To recognize a good, a service as a gift, we must implicitly or explicitly recognize our own insufficiency, our own lack, our inability to provide ourselves with the goods which we need for well-being and happiness. To recognize this dependency on another for that which is essential, would open the autonomous man of the liberal age to feelings of lack and of true need. The ungrateful autonomous man is intentionally blind to the intelligible depths of the goods which the honorable man can bestow. He does not bow because to bow to one man, even one, would be to acknowledge that there is a kingdom of which one is not king. If there is a kingdom, there is a king. To the true King of the everlasting kingdom, and to those who share in the radiance of his majesty, be honor.
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Emmylou Harris (born April 2, 1947 in Birmingham) is a country music singer-songwriter and musician. Aside from her work as a solo artist and bandleader, she is a sought-after backing vocalist and duet partner, working with numerous big-name artists.
Harris was the daughter of a career Marine. She was born at East End Memorial Hospital in Birmingham, but spent her childhood in North Carolina, and then in Woodbridge, Virginia, where she graduated from Gar-Field Senior High School as class valedictorian and won a drama scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. This is when she began to study music seriously, learning to play the songs of Bob Dylan and Joan Baez on guitar.
Harris married fellow songwriter Tom Slocum in 1969, and recorded her first album the following year, Gliding Bird, on Jubilee Records (reissued in 1979 on Emus Records). Shortly thereafter, the couple got divorced, and Harris and her newborn daughter Hallie moved-in with her parents in Washington, D.C.
Emmylou met Canadian producer Brian Ahern, who produced her major label debut album, released in 1975 on Reprise Records, entitled Pieces of the Sky. The album included a number of cover songs, including the Beatles' "For No One" and Harris's first hit single, the Louvin Brothers' "If I Could Only Win Your Love". She created The Hot Band, a group of studio and touring musicians that included Elvis Presley band alumni Glen D. Hardin, Hank DeVito, and James Burton.
Harris' subsequent albums, Elite Hotel (1975), Luxury Liner (1977), and Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town (1978) were all country hits, but also had appeal for rock listeners. While country music was experiencing crossover success at the time, the approach of many country artists was to try to marry their music with smooth, L.A.-style pop; Harris, however, had more of a rock and roll interest, so she aimed her music in a bit more rockish direction.
In addition to her own solo work during this period, Harris began a number of ongoing collaborative relationships with other artists, many of which she would revisit throughout the course of her career. A Christmas album, "Light of the Stable," was released in 1979; its title track featured backing vocals by Dolly Parton, Linda Ronstadt, and Neil Young. From the mid-1970s on, Harris had begun working with all three artists, recording two Trio albums with Parton and Ronstadt (as well as a number of singles), a duet album with Ronstadt, and a number of various projects with Young. In addition, her vocals were prominently featured on Bob Dylan's 1975 Desire album. She also worked with The Band during this period, appearing in their film The Last Waltz. In 1977, Harris married Brian Ahern and had another daughter, Meghann in 1979. This marriage ended in divorce in 1984.
Her 1979 album Blue Kentucky Girl featured straight Loretta Lynn/Kitty Wells-style country, while 1980's Roses in the Snow was a Grammy-winning collection of bluegrass and country material featuring Ricky Skaggs, Tony Rice, Johnny Cash, and Jerry Douglas.
1983's White Shoes was an eclectic pairing of the rockish reading of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" with a remake of the Donna Summer hit "On the Radio". Though not previously noted for her songwriting, Harris wrote all the songs on her 1985 album, The Ballad of Sally Rose, a somewhat autobiographical piece, based on her relationship with Parsons, which Harris herself described as a "country opera". Harris married musician Paul Kennerley in 1985. This marrriage ended in divorce in 1993.
1986's album Thirteen was her thirteenth solo album.
In 1987, she teamed up with Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt for their long-promised Trio album. The album was nominated for three Grammy awards (it took the award for "Best Country Collaboration"), reached the top ten on both the pop and country charts, and launched four hit singles. On Angel Band, another 1987 album, with traditional religious songs, she worked, among others, with rising country star Vince Gill.
1989's album Bluebird included John Hiatt's "Icy Blue Heart" (with backings from Bonnie Raitt).
In the early 1990s she dissolved The Hot Band, and partnered with acoustic musicians (Sam Bush (fiddle, mandolin & vocals), Roy Huskey, Jr (bass & vocals), Larry Atamanuik (drums), Al Perkins (banjo, guitar, dobro & vocals), Jon Randall (guitar, mandolin & vocals), whom she named The Nash Ramblers. They recorded a Grammy-winning live album in 1992 at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium that led to the $8 million restoration of the facility into a premium concert and event venue. It was her last album with Reprise Records.
Harris started receiving less airplay as mainstream country stations began shifting their focus to the youth-oriented "new country" format. While her recent albums had done reasonably well, her chart success was on the wane. Switching to Elektra Records, her 1993 Cowgirl's Prayer album, while critically praised, received very little airplay, and its single, "High Powered Love" failed to chart, prompting her to shift her career in a new direction.
In 1995, Harris released one of the most critically acclaimed albums of the decade, Wrecking Ball, produced by Daniel Lanois, best known for his work with U2, Peter Gabriel and Bob Dylan. An experimental album for Harris, to say the least, the record included Harris' rendition of the Neil Young-penned title track (Young himself provided guest vocals on two of the album's songs), Steve Earle's "Goodbye," Julie Miller's "All My Tears", Jimi Hendrix's "May This Be Love", Kate and Anna McGarrigle's "Goin' Back to Harlan" and Gillian Welch's "Orphan Girl". U2's Larry Mullen, Jr showed up to play drums for the project. The album received virtually no country airplay whatsoever, but did bring Harris to the attention of alternative rock listeners, many of whom had never listened to her music before. The following year, she appeared on Willie Nelson's moody, instrumentally sparse Teatro album, which was also produced by Lanois.
In 1998, Harris released the live Spyboy, backed with a new band comprising Nashville producer, songwriter and guitarist Buddy Miller and New Orleans musicians, drummer Brady Blade and bassist-vocalist-percussionist Daryl Johnson. The album updated many of Harris' career hits, including "Boulder to Birmingham". Also, in 1998, Tara MacLean recorded a cover of Harris' Christmas single "Light of the Stable".
Her 1999 Red Dirt Girl album was produced by Lanois protegé Malcolm Burn and, for the first time since The Ballad of Sally Rose, contained a number of Harris' own compositions. Like Wrecking Ball, the album's sound leaned more toward alternative rock than country. Also in 1999, Harris released a second Trio album with Parton and Ronstadt, Trio 2 (which was actually recorded in the early 1990s, but remained unreleased for five years, due to record label disputes and conflicting schedules and career priorities of the three artists). Harris and Ronstadt released a duet album, Western Wall: The Tucson Sessions the following year.
In 2000, Harris guested on alternative country singer Ryan Adams' solo debut Heartbreaker. The same year she joined an all star group of traditional country, folk and blues artists for the T-Bone Burnett produced soundtrack to the Coen Brothers film, O Brother, Where Art Thou?. A documentary/concert film, Down from the Mountain, featuring the artists performing music from the film and other songs at the Ryman Auditorium. Harris and many of the same artists took their show on the road for the Down from the Mountain Tour in 2002.
Harris released Stumble into Grace, her follow-up to Red Dirt Girl in 2003, and like its predecessor, it contained mostly self-penned material. In 2004, Harris led the Sweet Harmony Traveling Revue tour with Gillian Welch and David Rawlings, Buddy Miller and Patty Griffin. They performed singly and together and swapped instruments.
In 2005, Harris worked with Conor Oberst on Bright Eyes' release, I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning, performing backup vocals and harmonies on three tracks. In July, she also joined Elvis Costello on several dates of his U.S. tour, performing alongside Costello and his band on several numbers each night. Emmylou and Costello recorded a version of Costello's song, "The Scarlet Tide", from the soundtrack of the movie, "Cold Mountain". July also saw the release of The Very Best of Emmylou Harris: Heartaches and Highways, a single-disc retrospective of Harris's career, on the Rhino Entertainment label.
This same year, Harris appeared as a guest vocalist on the widely acclaimed Prairie Wind, the latest album by Neil Young. She appeared in the Jonathan Demme documentary-concert film Neil Young: Heart of Gold, released in 2006.
All the Roadrunning, an album of collaborations with former Dire Straits frontman Mark Knopfler, was released on April 24, 2006 (April 25 in USA), and supported by a tour of Europe and the USA. The album was a commercial success, reaching #10 in the UK and #17 in the USA.
Selections recorded during the All the Roadrunning tour performance at the Gibson Amphitheatre were released as a CD/DVD package entitled Real Live Roadrunning on November 14, 2006. In addition to several of the compositions that Harris and Knopfler recorded together in the studio, Real Live Roadrunning features solo hits from both members of the duo, as well as a few classic tracks from Knopfler's days with Dire Straits.
Harris was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2008.
In 1997 & 1998, Harris performed in Sarah McLachlan's Lilith Fair, promoting feminism in music. Since 1999, Harris has been organizing an annual benefit tour called Concerts for a Landmine Free World. All proceeds from the tours support the Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation's efforts to assist innocent victims of conflicts around the world. The tour also benefits the VVAF's work to raise America's awareness of the global land mine crisis. Artists that have joined Harris on the road for these dates include Mary-Chapin Carpenter, Bruce Cockburn, Steve Earle, Joan Baez, Patty Griffin and Nanci Griffith.
Emmylou is also a supporter of animal rights and an active member of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
Return of the Grievous Angel: A Tribute to Gram Parsons – "She" with The Pretenders, "Sin City" with Beck; "Juanita" with Sheryl Crow and "Return of the Grievous Angel" with Ryan Adams.
Brokeback Mountain – ("A Love That Will Never Grow Old", which won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song) 2005.
All the Roadrunning (with Mark Knopfler) released April 24, 2006 (April 25 in USA). Mercury Records.
Real Live Roadrunning (with Mark Knopfler), CD + DVD, released November 2006.
This page was last modified on 22 January 2014, at 20:34.
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Are you afraid when you do not need to be?
Everyone is scared of something at some stage in their lives.
Fact is, what causes panic in one person has no effect on another. Each one of us experiences threats in their subjective way and has a different tolerance ( threshold level ) to the threat.
Quite commonly, a person experiencing fear appears not to be in a position to move out of the anxious state; there is a degree of helplessness. As a consequence, relationships may suffer resulting in misunderstandings and frustration.
As we know, nothing is permanent in life and fear is not permanent. Let me be clear here: Fears have nothing to do with being considered weak or lacking courage.
People affected by any of the above may express shame, embarrassment and frustration. However, there are also fears which can develop from a single traumatic past experience.
If your fear(s) are dominating and limiting your life you may want to consider doing something about the situation now.
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Best Pedagogy and Practices When Using "Modules"
I teach a 300+ person a semester traditional* microbiology class. I originally designed my course with many interlinked pages, thinking that students would naturally be inquisitive about the information that would be contained within, particularly because the contents of the pages should be helping them derive solutions to the quizzes and written assignments they need to complete. I think I overestimated my ability to create stimulating content, and their inquisitiveness. I'm thinking about "forcing" them to get through the content in a particular order.
Is there strong pedagogical evidence that this improves student learning?
What's the best practices that you see when working with Modules in your classes to get the highest learning gains? I could see myself creating a "gate," a short quiz or survey, before every new page, but I don't want to grind the students down with too many small assignments. (Right now there are 2-3 small assignments to complete per week.) So, how do you use balance the use of modules to give the students direction, and make sure they are staying on target?
*Students register for lecture and lab concurrently, lecture is in a pit, but with many stops for think pair share activities, discussion of homework, and a growing list of activities completed in class. Labs focus on basic microbiology lab skills such as aseptic technique, reading and interpreting results. We use three case studies (fictional but plausible scenarios) to facilitate learning. The culmination of the case studies is written reports and posters. My student population is non-microbiology majors, but many want to go into the health profession, and this course is required for public health majors.
I think I overestimated my ability to create stimulating content, and their inquisitiveness. I'm thinking about "forcing" them to get through the content in a particular order.
All joking aside, I feel your pain! I remember an online math course designed by James Jones that from the outside looked well designed and perfect. Literally, it was peer reviewed by a group and all we could do was say "Great job!" because it seemed to meet every criteria of a great online course. Yet, the students were not making use of this amazing content (the videos were just beautiful) and in general bombing the coursework. I'd like to say this has a happy ending and we figured out how to fix the problem, but unfortunately James hasn't taught the course again online so we could try out some different things. One thing I do remember is that we thought one of the problems was the layering of content. He had amazing video, but they were layered too deeply in from the Modules - so there was a page that then would take you to another page, etc. Unfortunately many students don't seem to want to take the initiative for their own learning and dig further than the initial layer of information.
As to advice for Modules, I'd keep it simple. Minimal to no layering of content (including linking from page to page, they won't bother to click on the link). Something else I do that students seem to like is that I make everything on my Module a "requirement," so they have to click on it, submit something, mark as done, etc - How do I add requirements to a module? From there you can decide if you want students to move in order sequentially in the Module, get everything done in the Module (in any order) before they go to the next Module, or if you want to use the requirements just as a check-list so students can see what they've done/haven't done in a Module (this is actually how I use it in my online and hybrid courses) - How do I add prerequisites to a module?
I use the requirements as a check-list, not as a way to make students move/do things in a certain order. Why? Because in all honesty I don't like it when I'm forced to click on something just to get to something else, especially if I'm not ready to learn or focus on whatever it is. To me this just encourages students to click and not really look at something. Yet, when you use requirements as a check list then students can quickly and easily see what they've completed/done in a module and what they still need to do - without being hindered by needing to do this before that. I will say that the content in my Modules are designed so that they go in order so students should start with the first item in the Module and work their way through it, but hey, everyone learns things a bit differently.
I'm not sure if I've been any help or not, but I'm going to share this with the Instructional Designers and Higher Education groups to see if they can help!
I get to teach that course again this summer as an independent study rather than as an online course, so hopefully we can make adjustments that improve the experience.
Adding Requirements to a module to be sure that students read it and move through the content is a great idea!
Great post. I have learned through trial and error to use several of those strategies that you detailed, such as using the requirements as a checklist.
One thing I've found helpful (and I teach fully online) is make a distinction between the assignment material and the enrichment material. I know that some students are just going to do the assignment, and even just the bare minimum of the assignments, so I try to make that path easy and clear for them to follow.
At the same time, I don't want to forget about the enrichment opportunities that are also part of the class; I teach Gen. Ed. Humanities so in addition to whatever specific objectives I have for the course, I really DO want to introduce all the students to a whole world of stories and art and music online. And some students actually do click and explore and learn.
So, the way I do that is to have a very rich announcements page which I run as a blog. The key information about getting-the-work-done is up at the top, but I provide enrichment stuff through the rest of the announcements every day, and the students can do extra credit assignments related to the enrichment stuff.
It works really well! Some students who are just here to do the minimum can do the minimum and move right along... but students who have the time and inclination to explore and learn more can always find something new at the announcements, along with extra credit assignments each week to build on that. And I enjoy seeing which items attract their attention (based on the blog posts they write for extra credit); seeing what they like helps me create better announcements in the future.
John Buchner, what are students telling you about their preferences?
I didn't ask about the student presences, and I don't know how many other faculty are using modules around here, so I can't gauge student familiarity. (I think the faculty are making more use of the tools, and not just opening "Files" to the students as much any more.) I can see the output by the students, and I'd assess it as pretty low level, functional and basic, submissions. I was hoping that making the students move through the material in a certain order, or some flexible order, would get the a little more of the goals of the class to to stick a little better. Clearly, if I implement this, I'll start small. I've got some quantitiave skills assignments that might work really well for mastery paths, but haven't implemented them yet.
Y'all have some really good tips, I appreciate where this discussion has gone so far, I look forward to getting more.
John Buchner I'm not sure if that kind of standardization is really motivating; it's definitely not my style as a teacher. If the problem is confusion, yes, standardizing, simplifying, etc. can help. But if the real problem is lack of motivation and engagement, then simplification and standardization can even make things worse, i.e. more boring.
My solution is to have the students blog; each student has their own blog, and the motivation both to create their own blog and then to design it in their own way, accumulate work in their own space, reflect on their progress, is all very high in ways that just do not happen inside the LMS.
I teach a high school Human Anatomy and Physiology class and have experienced many of the problems you have described. I was using an online open source textbook from Openstax. I was linking to the pages. Students would not click the links. I copied the pages as Canvas pages and used the module requirements to set as "must view." Most students were still not viewing them. I eventually created graded "study guides" that would encourage the students to do the reading.
I replaced live lecture with prerecorded lecture. They still watch it in class, but in college I would be more inclined to have them complete it at home.
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Microsoft's Business Division oversees one of its most successful products, the Office productivity suite, as well as the company's lucrative server and enterprise software businesses. However, like the rest of the company, the division has not been immune to the pressure of the recession, and revenue fell 13 per cent in the quarter ending in June.
Business Division President Stephen Elop, however, said in an interview with the IDG News Service that he's confident the unit can overcome the pressures that face the business. These include not only the economy but also competition in the productivity and collaboration software market from Web-based applications from Google and others.
To answer this challenge, Microsoft is set to offer Web-based versions of its Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote software as part of the Office 2010 launch early next year.
Those applications are part of Microsoft's general transition to "software plus services" with its Business Productivity Online Suite -- which includes Exchange Online, SharePoint Online, Office Live Meeting and Office Communications Online -- a product and transition Elop's division also oversees.
In an interview with IDG News Service Senior Writer Elizabeth Montalbano, Elop said he's confident Office 2010 has enough new features, including integration with Microsoft's Web-based applications, to convince businesses and consumers to stick with Microsoft for their productivity and collaboration needs.
He also noted bright spots in the division's portfolio -- its SharePoint and CRM (customer relationship management) products -- and discussed how Microsoft itself, not Google, remains the company's biggest competitor in the productivity market. Below is an edited version of the conversation.
IDGNS: What trends did you see with Business Division customers during the recession?
Elop: To understand it best you have to break the division down a little bit in terms of the customers we serve. Sixty percent of our revenue is derived from medium and large enterprises, who tend to make longer-term strategic decisions about the technology they're going to buy.
About 20 percent of our business are smaller businesses, small and lower mid-sized businesses who tend to buy new PCs when they hire a new employee or they make do on an upgrade cycle. And our third category of customers are consumers, so people buying for home use or perhaps they're running a small business out of their home.
If you look at each of those three categories, very different things were going on. Consumers generally were buying far fewer traditional PCs. They're buying fewer PCs, they're buying fewer copies of Windows, fewer copies of Office. ...That led to a decline in revenue in the consumer segment.
Small-to-medium businesses -- a very similar situation where the number of PCs that are being purchased by small businesses dropped quite a lot, translating into a decline in our revenue in that segment that was north of 30 percent, which is a significant decline. ...There's fewer small businesses starting up, so there's fewer companies saying, "Hey, I need three PCs or five PCs to get my business going."
Now the enterprise segment year over year was a very different story. It was modest growth. It wasn't exciting growth -- it was modest growth. Really what's going on there is customers continue to make decisions about the long term about what they want to invest in, combined with the fact that we have a number of products in the enterprise that even with tough economic times are growing very aggressively.
So SharePoint for collaboration, document management and other workloads like that -- the SharePoint product is north of a billion dollars and it's growing at double-digit rates during the worst economic calamity we've ever seen.
IDGNS: Why do you think that's true?
Elop: A key reason for that is it helps businesses even if they're contracting to figure out how to save money, how to get people communicating and collaborating more effectively. Another example is around unified communications -- things like e-mail and instant messaging, voice, video conferencing. In tough economic times when a company says "look, we've got to reduce our travel expenses," what do people do? Well I still have to talk to them, I still have to get around to the team around the world.
How do I do that? They turn to our product. Well our OCS product, our Office Communications Server product -- double-digit growth year on year during the worst economic circumstances we've all faced. Dynamics CRM -- customer relationship management. We may be contracting as an industry in a particular business, but you say, "I have to get closer to my customer, I have to manage every lead for a sales opportunity tighter than I did before." So it's growing very substantially as well.
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0.994084 |
As much as I loved my newfound family, it was nice to have the privacy that Mason and I enjoyed after their visit ended. We were soon returned to our routine of work, school and study. Jake began spending more and more time hanging out with Mason and me. George had begun to make friends with many of the residents of his retirement condo. He did often visit us, but it was obvious that he was happy. He enjoyed many of the activities arranged by the retirement center.
Mason and I made it through finals week and we had decided to go camping in the travel trailer for a week before beginning fulltime work at the office. �I want to go too,� Jake pleaded when he overheard us making plans.
�I know, but I could pitch a tent,� Jake argued.
�I don�t mind if Jeff doesn�t,� Mason said.
�Sure, that way you would have a tent mate,� I said as I winked at him.
�I�ll call him now,� the excited Jake said.
Jake pulled out his cell phone and apparently had Jason�s phone number on speed dial. Soon a very excited Jake was chatting away with my cousin, Jason. Apparently Jake wanted a little privacy and he left the room while still chatting with Jason. �Your Aunt Judy wants to talk to you,� Jake said while handing me his phone after a ten minute conversation with Jason.
�Hi, Aunt Judy,� I said into the phone.
�He gets to go?� Jake asked as I handed his phone back to him.
�I know they won�t care,� Jake assured me.
�I ain�t hungry,� Jake said.
Just before one, my relatives arrived much to Jake�s delight. �They�re here,� he announced as he peered out the window and then ran out the door.
I noticed Jake give Jason a quick kiss as soon as Grandma and Aunt Judy were walking toward the house. I decided I would need to talk to Jake about being more careful in the future.
After a simple lunch of sandwiches, Grandma insisted that I show the waterfall to Aunt Judy. �It�s beautiful and peaceful down there,� Grandma said.
We all walked down the hill to the waterfall and Aunt Judy agreed that it was beautiful and peaceful. She laughed when I told her that Jennifer thought it would be an ideal place for a wedding. �Only sixteen and she is already talking about weddings,� Aunt Judy laughed.
�I need to run into town and get some steaks or something for dinner,� I said when we arrived back at the house.
�What would you suggest?� I asked.
�How about the Venesian Inn in Tontitown?� Mason suggested.
All agreed to meet us at the Venesian at six and Steve said that they would pickup George and give him a ride. With only two bathrooms we decided to avoid delay from our past experience and began getting ready a little early this time.
When we arrived at the restaurant Roy and Barry were already there and Steve, Susan and George arrived soon after. When I introduced Aunt Judy to Roy and Barry as Jake�s dads, she had a surprised look on her face. �Yes, we�re a gay couple,� Barry said.
The waiter interrupted the conversation long enough to take our drink orders. �I�m very proud of all my grandchildren,� Grandma said.
�We�ve asked Jeff to go with us, but he declined our invitation,� Aunt Judy said.
Dinner was great as was the conversation once we got off the subject of my mom. After dinner, Roy and Barry invited us to their place for drinks. Grandma declined the invitation stating that she and Aunt Judy wanted to get an early start tomorrow.
Jake invited Jason to spend the night at his house and, Jason eagerly accepted. We �old� people went back to the house and got ready for bed. I intended to get up early and cook breakfast before Grandma and Aunt Judy were on their way. However, when I arrived in the kitchen Grandma had already started breakfast.
Jason and Jake arrived in time for Jason to say goodbye to Grandma and Judy. We then made ourselves busy getting ready for our camping trip. I began cleaning the travel trailer and Jake and Jason decided to pitch their tent to make sure it was still in good condition. After they had the tent pitched, I went to check it out since they sometimes got moldy after storage. I pulled the entrance flap back and saw the two on the floor making out.
�That�s okay,� Jason said as his face began to return to its normal color.
�Jason, have you said anything to your parents yet?� I asked.
�Grandma is a wise woman,� I said.
�I think I would like to do that,� Jason said.
�Have you thought of a major?� I asked.
�I thought about law?� He said.
�Don�t you think Roy and Steve would have to approve that?� I smiled.
�Jeff, this is the Jakester that you�re talking too,� Jake bragged. �Dad Roy will do what I ask him? You know that I�m spoiled rotten.
�What�s that noise?� Mason asked me.
�Jason and I want to get there early and get a good spot,� Jake said.
Mason and I loaded the dishwasher and cleaned the kitchen while Jake and Jason loaded our camping supplies. �I�ve never been camping before,� Jake said.
Once the supplies were loaded, Jake announced that they were going on to set up their tent. �Do you know how to get to the park?� Mason asked.
Mason and I arrived at the park just before noon. The park was in a beautiful setting in a valley on Lee Creek. There many campers, probably because it was a weekday. Jake and Jason had chosen a great campsite. There was a large oak tree that would give good shade, and it was in a location that offered some privacy.
In a short time we had the trailer leveled and connected to the sewer and electricity. It was a strange feeling to be back in the trailer that was my home for two year. I would always have a fondness of my little trailer. �Do you somehow miss it?� Mason asked when he saw that I was spaced out.
�We�ll give them some entertainment, right Jason?� Jake joked. Jason�s face immediately went red from embarrassment.
�Just remember that this is the middle of redneck country,� Mason said.
�Yeah, yeah Jeff already reminded us of that,� Jake said.
We spent the remainder of the afternoon relaxing, listing to music and napping. I began reading Khaled Hosseini�s The Kite Runner, a novel about the friendship of two Afghanistan boys. The warm late spring sun was like a sleep inducing tonic and we were all dozing off. After our nap Mason and I decided to go for a walk around the park. Jake and Jason decided to go along.
We found the camp office and got some maps of the park hiking trails. We then went to the park grocery store and bought a few items that we would need for hiking. For dinner Jake and Jason grilled steaks and I baked some potatoes and made a tossed salad.
After dinner we sat around and visited. We learned that Jason wanted to be a lawyer since he was in ninth. �Hey, you could work for my Dad Roy�s this summer,� Jake excitedly announced.
�You know that Jason�s parents would have to approve him being away from home all summer, and Roy would have to agree to this,� I said.
We continued our conversation into the night and then decided it was bedtime. I noticed flashes of lightning off to the east, probably somewhere in Oklahoma. �You guys had better sleep in the trailer tonight,� I said.
�Why is that,� Jason asked.
�It looks like a storm is coming in, and it wouldn�t be safe sleeping out under that tree,� I said.
�There�s just one bed in here,� Jake argued.
�Yeah, and those other two dads would kill me if I let anything happen to you,� I said.
Around 3:00 am I was awaken by a loud boom of thunder. There were flashes of lightning and the wind was beginning to blow. �I�m glad we made them sleep inside,� Mason said.
�It would have been really close had we let you guys sleep in the tent,� I said.
�Okay, thank you �Dad,� Jake said.
I woke up to a bright sunshiny day. After taking my morning piss I went to the kitchen to make coffee. I smiled to myself when I saw Jason spooning Jake with his arm draped over him. I guess the smell of the coffee woke everyone up. �That coffee smells good,� Jason said.
�Let�s have breakfast and then we�ll check it out,� I said.
After breakfast we went out to check on the condition of the tent. While we were checking a park employee came by and asked if we were had a permit to go on one of the hiking trails.
�Yes, we were lucky that we these guys sleep inside,� Mason said.
After examining the tent we came to a consensus that it was a total loss. Jake decided that he and Jason would drive into Fayetteville and buy a new one.
�Do you have enough money?� Mason asked.
�Yeah, my Dads gave me some money,� Jake said.
While the boys were gone Mason and I took advantage of the private time and made love. We fell asleep wrapped in each other�s arms. We woke up to the sound of a chainsaw outside the trailer. The workers were cleaning up from the storm damage. One of the workers knocked on the door and asked if we wanted them to dispose of the tent. After checking that everything was removed the workers took the damaged tent away.
�I suppose I�ll need to go into town and buy some steaks,� I said.
�No, my Dads said that they would bring everything with them,� Jake said.
The hiking trail was awesome. There were several different types of rock formations caves, crevices and bluffs. We returned to the trailer at about 4:00 pm and had time to shower before our guest were to arrive.
�You have to help me talk Dad Roy into hiring Jason,� Jake pleaded.
�Show time,� I whispered in Mason�s ear.
�If you decide on the University of Arkansas, maybe we could give you some work in our firm while you�re in school,� Roy offered.
�Why can�t he come to work this summer?� Jake begged.
�We already have you, Jeff, and Mason,� Roy said.
�I could go back to work cooking hamburgers and he could have my job,� Jake said.
�Come on Dad, please hire him,� Jake begged.
Our camping trip ended the next day. Grandma and Aunt Judy were due back from Indiana and would be picking up Jason. We got everything packed away and the trailer hooked up to the Tahoe. �That was fun, we should do this more often,� Mason said as we drove back home.
�How about some grilled pork chops,� Mason suggested.
We unpacked the trailer and waited for Grandma and Aunt Judy. Finally at about 4:30 the doorbell rang. When I answered the door I expect Grandma and Aunt Judy. But, to my surprise Mom was with them.
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0.97047 |
In order to understand when ROR bail is appropriate, you need to understand the underlying purpose of bail. The purpose of bail is to assure that a defendant will appear in court. If a person is either deemed to be a significant flight risk or a danger to the community, or even a danger to himself, then the judge will set some form of cash bail. If the defendant cannot post the cash bail either through friends and family or with the assistance of a bail bondsman, then he will be brought from the county jail to each court proceeding. If he is incarcerated, then there is no way he will miss court. If a defendant is able to post cash bail, but fails to appear in court, then he loses all the bail money he or his supporters posted for him. Thus, he has a financial incentive to appear in court.
People who are granted ROR bail do not pose a threat to the community or to themselves, and they can be trusted to appear in court. This is because they will usually be in a much worse situation should they fail to appear. For example, a high percentage of people granted ROR bail are eligible for a first time offenders program known as ARD, which stands for "Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition." Successful completion of the ARD program will result in dismissal of the charges, and will allow the defendant's attorney to seek expungement of the charges. Other defendants with ROR bail may not be eligible for ARD, but they have a good chance of receiving a sentence of probation. Defendants otherwise eligible for ARD or probation who fail to appear in court could ruin the possibility of a positive resolution to their cases. Therefore, they can be trusted to appear in court without some form of collateral in place.
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0.999301 |
Apple finally launches iTunes Radio, but where's the fanfare?
Apple has finally released iTunes Radio 11.1, which actually includes iTunes Radio - probably one of the biggest, if not the biggest competitor to music streaming services such as Spotify, Rdio and Pandora.
iTunes Radio features 250 preset stations that are just like the "radio stations" that other music streaming services include which are based on artists, songs or genres. iTunes Radio is available ad-free if you have already subscribed to iTunes Match which costs $24.99 per month. iTunes Radio is also free, but there will be plenty of audio and visual ads splashed in front of your face and ears.
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0.999999 |
While the shark fin trade is still the biggest offender when it comes to shark mortality, the market for shark meat is also of great concern. In areas where overfishing has decimated other fish populations, sharks are increasingly hunted for their meat. Often the meat by itself would not be worth enough to make shark fishing profitable if the fins weren't also sold. Fishing fleets from around the world supply Asian markets with fins, while the meat is being diverted along separate supply channels to meet demand in growing markets around the world. In some cases, countries with stricter laws will land sharks, fully knowing that they cannot market the meat due to contamination levels. They then pass the meat on to another country with less stringent standards.
To further complicate the issue, available data of import and exports cover only a portion of what is actually cut and traded. The species of shark being traded is only rarely identified in trade records, making it difficult to trace the sale of endangered species.
It is a complex dynamic driven by a consumer market that may be ill informed and a commercial fishing industry that aims to stay in business by creating more demand for anything that comes from a shark.
Unprocessed shark meat is known to spoil quickly and possesses a strong ammonia odor due to its high urea content. Brining the meat or marinating it for an extended period of time can remove the odor.
As cod populations have decreased, dried shark has become increasingly popular in many countries where salt cold has been popular. For the most part, shark meat is cut into steaks and fillets and is prepared similarly to any other large marine fish.
In Asia, it is consumed dried, smoked or salted. In Italy, France and the United States, shark meat is served at fancy restaurants to flaunt the chef's culinary skills. There are also localized delicacies such as in Iceland, where they serve hákari (buried, fermented and dried shark meat) and Trinidad, where "Bake and Shark" is popular.
Where is shark meat eaten?
It is eaten in many countries around the world. Most notably in Japan, India, Sri Lanka, North America, Korea, Brazil, Australia, Iceland, the U.K., Germany France, Scandinavia and a number of countries in East Africa. European and North American markets seem to have a preference for dogfish species (a smaller shark), although this is possibly influenced by regulations that prevent the import of larger shark species due to high mercury content. In contrast, demand in South and Central American and Asian markets appear to be mainly for larger species. The Republic of Korea is notable for imports of skate and ray meat. There also seems to be an increased online market for shark jerky.
Many people may not even realize they are eating sharks. It is often sold under misleading labels and names, such as flake, sea ham, imitation crab and whitefish. Rock salmon, which is really spiny dogfish, used to be commonly used in fish and chips.
How much shark meat is sold?
Global trade data show the trade in shark meat expanding steadily over the last decade or so.
121,641 tonnes ($379.8 million) of meat imported in 2011, according to the latest FAO figure. That is a 42% increase from 2000.
This growth is probably driven in large part by the global demand for seafood. Sharks used to be considered a low grade fish. But since wild fish stock is becoming extremely limited, catching shark has become the alternative.
Another reason may also be the implementation of finning regulations that countries have implemented, such as requiring for the carcass to be landed whole (with fins attached) promoting the development of markets for shark meat.
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0.999801 |
This is a tutorial I created for latest-hairstyles.com. I think this style would be great for a holiday party.
1. Begin by clipping the top half of your hair aside for later.
2. Once the top half is clipped up, put the bottom half in a low ponytail at your nape.
3&4. Create a small hole at the base of your ponytail and push the ponytail upward and down through it, creating an inside out ponytail.
6. Once the ponytail is backcombed, use your fingers to roll the ends of the hair upwards, creating a chignon.
8. Let down the top half of your hair and create a deep side part.
9. Backcomb the top half of your hair.
10. Pull all of the hair from the top half loosely back and twist it one time, pushing it upwards and towards your scalp to create more volume. Secure it with bobby pins so it rests right on top of the chignon.
11. Continue to loosely twist the hair through to the ends, wrapping the ends around the side of the chignon and securing them with bobby pins underneath.
12. Gently loosen some small hairs around your face to soften the front.
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0.999999 |
Produce a health infographic on the topic of fat transfer to the breast. The key objective of this health care infographic is to educate target audience about the fat transfer process and its details.
When it comes to medical infographic or any other important design it’s critical that the information representation is clear, accurate, and unambiguous. In terms of stylistics, we applied simple natural color scheme with 2 dominant colors, hand-drawn vector illustrations, 2 typefaces, and spacious layout to build this beauty infographic.
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0.999993 |
Advisors blocking emails from new gTLDs?
I read that some advisors block their clients from receiving emails using a specific new domain name extension.
In more simple words, it means that a person in charge of offering the service to manage emails for you will decide that (for whatever reason) you won't receive emails from a complete domain name extension. For example, if the .TOP new gTLD is a concerned extension, it means that you won't receive any emails from any email ending in ".top".
There is a list of TLDs with the worst reputations for spam operations. It is maintained by Spamhaus and this is how it explains why a TLD can be bad: "A TLD may be "bad" in two ways. On one side, the ratio of bad to good domains may be higher than average, indicating that the registry could do a better job of enforcing policies and shunning abusers. However, some TLDs with a high fraction of bad domains may be quite small, and their total number of bad domains could be relatively limited with respect to other, bigger TLDs. Their total "badness" to the Internet is limited by their small total size".
OK, this is not a new story: some new domain name extension - because the domains they offer are cheap - are an open door to spammers and malware operators but unless I am wrong, this has always existed: don't you receive spam from emails ending in ".com" too?
What if you miss that email coming from your new accountant who's using a ".accountant" domain name in its emails?
What if you miss this email from that startup using a ".agency" because it wants to be identified as an agency online?
What if you miss ALL THESE EMAILS because your advisor doesn't like new domain name extensions?
One thousand two hundred and twenty seven new domain name extensions were introduced to the Internet. In many of these "new gTLDs", domain name registration volumes are increasing, which also means that more people are using these in their email. If you have a doubt, have a look at this report. So: do you seriously want to take that risk?
There are external advisors who "deal with domain names" and Corporate Registrars who it is the job to provide serious recommendations on how to deal with domain names and emails. They are not so many to be serious and I count five that I would recommend. On that list, none of them would ever - never - suggest their client to block a complete Top-Level Domain from sending emails.
I have a client who uses a ".top" domain name for his website and decision was taken to use a ".top" because it matches with the name of the company. My client is fully satisfied with this: he even shortened his domain name changing to a ".top" and now redirects the ".com to the ".top", as well as emails.
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0.949849 |
Following a diet can help in the prevention of acid reflux. Presented here is a list of foods to avoid when suffering from acid reflux disease.
Acid reflux disease is a condition that is caused when the lining of the esophagus gets irritated. The irritation of the esophagus is caused due to abnormal functioning of the stomach sphincter muscles. Eating extremely spicy food is one of the most prominent causes of acid reflux disease, also known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Secondly, smoking and alcoholism are also other causes of it. As it is caused due to diet and eating habits, following a proper diet helps in the treatment of the disease.
One of the most significant symptoms of this disease is heartburn and chest pain. Heartburn is caused due to foods containing high levels of acid or acidic foods. On consuming these foods, the acid level in the body rises, resulting in acidity and GERD. At the same time, consuming excess of spicy and hot food also leads to this condition. Therefore, spices, hot food, fried food, acidic food, etc. are the foods to avoid in the acid reflux diet.
Apart from these, foods containing excess fats are also included in the foods to avoid with acid reflux list. Fats slow down the digestive process and also stimulate the production of bile which leads to acidity and heartburn. On the other hand, alcohol and citrus fruit juices contain high amounts of acid and increase the level of acid in the body. Beverages like coffee, tea and other caffeine containing products like sodas and cold drinks can also lead to acidity and GERD. Therefore, they should be avoided.
On the other hand, there are several safe foods to eat, like vegetables, whole grains, low-fat or fat-free dairy, rice cakes, extra lean or skinless meat and chicken. Apart from the above mentioned ones, you can have herbal tea, bananas and light food without any spices. You also need to follow certain dietary habits along with the above mentioned diet plan. You should have meals at proper and regular time everyday and avoid having larger meals at night. Secondly, lying down immediately on having food is also not recommended as it can lead to chronic acid reflux diseases. Lastly, alcohol consumption and smoking should be reduced to improve the condition and to get rid of chronic acidity and heartburn.
Lastly, note that, apart from medications, following the acid reflux or GERD diet definitely helps in the treatment and prevention of this condition. So, one should start following the diet before the condition turns chronic. It is recommended to consult the doctor if you suffer from severe symptoms of acid reflux disease. Take care!
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How is the correct spelling determined?
I asked a question about the spelling of the word 'vacumn'. As far as I was concerned, this was the accepted spelling of the word 'vacuum'. I was not alone in this belief and someone else had asked a question about it.
The topic was closed down with the comment that 'vacumn' was a misspelling, and that there were more common misspellings of such as 'vaccuum' that were not worthy of a question, let alone an open question.
Furthermore that if anyone wanted to find out how to spell 'vacuum' they could simply refer to a dictionary.
It was also pointed out by one person that I had misspelt another word, I had used an 'e' instead of an 'a'.
A word in which 'a' and 'e' are used interchangeably is 'Grey' or should that be 'Gray'.
Another example of alternative spellings is 'swap' or should that be 'swop'.
I did not find that the answers on Stack Exchange before the question was closed, that convinced me that 'vacuum' should be spelt 'vacuum'.
However I did find something on Wikipedia. Wikipedia stated that the Latin root word for vacuum contained two 'u's'.
I found this explanation quite acceptable. The question on Stack Exchange was closed down before this explanation was reached. Instead we were just left with an authoritarian response along the lines of "I am right and you are wrong".
Interesting, Wikipedia stated that words with two 'u's' are very unusual in English, which explains why a variant of the spelling without two 'u's' is quite common.
I also like to ask, why the topic is listed under 'orthography' rather than the more common and understandable English word - 'spelling'.
From Latin vacuum (an empty space, void) noun use of neuter of vacuus (empty) related to >vacare (be empty).
"Vacuum" is one of the few words in the English language that contains two consecutive >'u's.
It was closed because it's "general reference", meaning you could have easily looked it up in a dictionary. The site wouldn't be very useful if it was cluttered with simple questions and answers that just duplicate the dictionary, so questions of this kind are deemed off topic are removed.
If you had asked instead why "vacuum" has two u's (which you seem to be interested in based on your Wikipedia reference), perhaps the question would have remained open, but that's not the question you submitted.
Are typography questions on-topic or off-topic?
No communication regarding wrongly-closed question?
When is [word-choice] on topic and when is it not?
How do you explain why a word phrase is unlikely to exist?
Why was the buffalo question closed as a duplicate?
What is wrong with my question and how could I have done it better?
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Known officially as the State Duma, this institution was the lower house of the Russian parliamentary system from 1906 to 1917. In Kievan and Muscovite times, rulers convened a "boyars' duma" of the highest nobles to provide counsel on major policy issues. During the 1600s this institution fell into disuse, but late-nineteenth-century liberals lobbied for establishment of a representative body to help govern Russia. After the Revolution of 1905, Tsar Nicholas II agreed to form an advisory council, the Bulygin Duma of August 1905. However, revolutionary violence increased in the next two months, and in his October 1905 Manifesto the tsar reluctantly gave into the urgings of Sergei Witte to grant an elected representative Duma with full legislative powers.
This promise, plus other proffered reforms, helped split the broad revolutionary movement, winning over a number of moderates and liberals. With violence waning, the tsar weakened the authority of the proposed Duma by linking it with a half-appointed upper house, the State Council; by excluding foreign and military affairs and parts of the state budget from its purview; and by weighting election procedures to favor propertied groups. Moreover, at heart Nicholas never accepted even this watered-down version of the Duma as legitimate, believing it an unwarranted infringement on his divine right to rule. On the other hand many reformers saw the Duma as the first step toward a modern, democratic government and hoped to expand its authority.
Based on universal male suffrage over age twenty-five, elections for the First Duma were on the whole peaceful and orderly, although the indirect system favored nobles and peasants over other groups. The revolutionary Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries boycotted the elections, while the liberal Constitutional Democrats (Cadets) conducted the most effective campaign. The latter won a plurality of members, and peasant deputies, though usually unaffiliated with any party, proved anti-government and reformist in their views. Perhaps too rashly, the Cadet deputies pursued a confrontational policy toward the government, demanding radical land reform, extension of the Duma's budgetary authority, and a ministry responsible to the Duma. After three months of bitter stalemate, Nicholas dissolved the Duma.
oppositionist representatives. Openly hostile to the government, the Second Duma, like the first, proved unable to find a compromise program and was also dissolved after several months.
Under the Fundamental Laws adopted in 1906 as a semi-constitutional structure for Russia, the tsar could dissolve the Duma and enact emergency legislation in its absence. Using this authority, Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin decreed a new electoral system for the Duma on June 3, 1907. He retained indirect voting but increased the weighting in favor of the nobility from 34 to 51 percent and decreased that of the peasantry from 43 to 22 percent. The new law also reduced the number of non-Russian deputies in the Duma by about two-thirds. Stolypin achieved his goal of a more conservative assembly, for the 1907 elections to the Third Duma returned 293 conservative deputies, 78 Cadets and other liberals, 34 leftists, and 16 nonparty deputies, giving the government a comfortable working majority. The Octobrists, a group committed to making the October Manifesto work, emerged as the largest single bloc, with 148 deputies. Consequently, the Third Duma lasted out its full term of five years, from 1907 to 1912.
Until his assassination in 1911, Stolypin succeeded for the most part in cooperating with the Third Duma. The deputies supported an existing agrarian reform program first drawn up by Witte and instituted in 1906 by Stolypin that called for dissolution of the peasant commune and establishment of privately owned peasant plots, a complicated procedure that was only partially completed when World War I interrupted it. The government and the Duma joined hands in planning an expansion of primary education designed to eradicate illiteracy and to have all children complete at least four years of education. Although the State Council blocked this legislation, the Ministry of Education began on its own to implement it. Stolypin, a staunch nationalist, also initiated legislative changes limiting the authority of the autonomous Finnish parliament and establishing zemstvos in western Russia designed to subordinate Polish influence there. Finally, without much success the Third Duma propounded military reform, particularly the improvement of naval administration. By 1912 the Octobrist Party had split, government ministers were at odds, and rightist and nationalist influences dominated at court. Moreover, unrest was growing among the urban population.
Elections to the Fourth Duma in late 1912 returned a slightly more conservative body, but it had hardly begun work when World War I erupted in August 1914. An initial honeymoon between the Duma and the government soon soured as military defeats, administrative chaos, and ministerial incompetence dismayed and irked the deputies. By 1915 a Progressive Bloc, formed under liberal leadership, urged reforms and formation of a ministry of public confidence, but it had little impact on the government or the tsar. Shortly after the February 1917 Revolution broke out, Nicholas dissolved the Duma, but its members reconstituted themselves privately and soon formed a Temporary Committee to help restore order in Petrograd. After the tsar's abdication, this committee appointed the Provisional Government that, though sharing some aspects of power with the Petrograd Soviet, ran the country until the outbreak of the Bolshevik Revolution in the fall of 1917.
The Duma system opened the door to representative government and demonstrated the political potential of an elected parliament. This experience helped legitimize the post-1991 effort to establish democracy in Russia. Yet the four Dumas' record was spotty at best. Useful legislation was discussed and sometimes passed, but divisions among the moderates, the inexperience of many politicians, the reactionary influences of the State Council along with some ministers and the tsar's entourage, and the visceral refusal of Nicholas II to accept an independent legislature made it almost impossible for the Duma to be the engine of reform in old-regime Russia.
Hosking, Geoffrey. (1973). The Russian Constitutional Experiment: Government and Duma, 1907–14. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Pares, Sir Bernard. (1939). The Fall of the Russian Monarchy. London: Jonathan Cape.
Pinchuk, Ben-Cion. (1974). The Octobrists in the Third Duma, 1907–12. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Tokmakoff, George. (1981). P. A. Stolypin and the Third Duma: An Appraisal of Three Major Issues. Washington, DC: University Press of America.
"Duma." Encyclopedia of Russian History. . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
DUMA. The duma was the main institution of government in Russia from the fourteenth century to the 1690s. Often referred to as the "Boyars' Duma" by modern historians, it was called either "duma" or "the boyars" in contemporary sources. It lacked any formal attributes of an institution beyond the name, though custom maintained it at the center of government under the monarch for some four hundred years. The duma was the forum in which the boyar elite of the Moscow principality and later Russia influenced decision making and policy, and its history was closely bound up with the history of that elite.
The origins of the duma seem to lie in the fourteenth century, when the Moscow princes met frequently with the major landholders and warriors of the Moscow principality. Usually six to ten in number, they came from the major aristocratic clans and received the rank of boyar, a designation of honor and status, not administrative or military function. These numbers remained roughly constant until the end of the fifteenth century, when the numbers expanded slightly and a few received the rank of okol'nichii, a sort of junior boyar rank. Most boyars were untitled, but a few princes who moved to Moscow, such as the princes Patrikeev from Lithuania, received boyar rank in addition to their princely title. At the end of the fifteenth century and during the early sixteenth century, a number of princely clans from formerly independent princedoms entered the duma, joining the older families of untitled Moscow boyars.
There were no written rules that governed accession to boyar rank, but historians have reconstructed the governing principles from practice. In theory the prince could appoint anyone to the duma, but in reality he chose from among a relatively small number of aristocratic clans. Though the older males in the clan were normally chosen, not all senior males received the rank. Succession was collateral, that is, a given boyar's brother would acquire the rank ahead of the boyar's son. This meant that the operative family unit was really the aristocratic clan, not just a single lineage. The boyars and the state kept careful genealogical records and also records of service to the grand prince. These were necessary to maintain the system of precedence ranking (Mestnichestvo), which theoretically determined where boyars as well as lesser officials and landholders stood in the service hierarchy. The basic rule of precedence ranking was that a man could not serve at a lower position than his male ancestors. The system was necessarily complex and led to many disputes. From the time of Ivan IV the Terrible (ruled 1533–1584) onwards, tsars increasingly had to suspend precedence ranking during military campaigns.
By the middle of the sixteenth century, the duma grew to some forty boyars and fifteen junior boyars. Most of these were great men, with large estates and luxurious houses, the great commanders of the army, and holders of most of the important administrative and court offices. Wherever their origins, their life now centered on Moscow and the court. They maintained estates around the capital, their houses were in or near the Kremlin, and when in Moscow they were in virtually daily attendance at court. Around them were lesser men who also had landed estates and made up the bulk of the tsar's army, holding the rank of Moscow gentleman. Still further down the ladder were the gentry who served in the army and elsewhere from provincial towns. From the middle of the sixteenth century, alongside the boyars the tsar appointed one or two of the chancellery secretaries to the rank of "duma secretary" as well as one or two of the Moscow gentlemen to the rank of "duma gentleman."
We know very little of the formal procedure of the duma. It met in the main room (the "Golden Hall") of the Kremlin palace. Its proceedings were never written down and in the seventeenth century were considered secret. Historical evidence of its actions comes from narrative sources and from laws with the formula: "the tsar decreed and the boyars assented." In the seventeenth century most legislation on taxation and other internal issues bore this formula, while military decisions were simply a matter of the tsar's decree. The duma also devoted much time to foreign policy, and indeed until 1667 the head of the ambassadorial office was not usually a boyar but a secretary, with the boyars retaining a sort of collective supervision, sending committees to meet with foreign emissaries. The duma was the seat of most of the court politics of the period and was at the center of the endless and murderous factional battles of the sixteenth century, influencing the relationships of the various factions to the monarch. The princes and tsars consulted regularly with the duma (sometimes with a small group within it) and it was an essential component of the theoretical autocracy of the tsars.
The duma stood at some thirty members before 1648, then increased to about sixty-five in the third quarter of the seventeenth century. After the death of Tsar Alexis in 1676, a succession of weak rulers curried favor by granting duma rank. In 1690 there were some fifty boyars, fifty okol'nichii, forty duma gentlemen, and nine duma secretaries. Tsar Alexis had tried to regularize the meetings and assign certain days of the week to certain types of business, but this rule was hard to maintain. The abolition of precedence ranking in 1682 altered the meaning of the ranks, restricting their importance to duma service. In the 1690s Peter the Great gradually ceased to award the rank and called the duma together only infrequently. After 1700 it faded away, to be replaced by new institutions and new systems of rank.
See also Aristocracy and Gentry ; Autocracy ; Ivan IV, "the Terrible" (Russia) ; Moscow ; Peter I (Russia) ; Russia .
Bogatyrev, Sergei. The Sovereign and His Councillors: Ritualised Consultations in Muscovite Political Culture 1350's–1570's. Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia, Seria Humaniora 307. Helsinki, 2000.
Crummey, Robert O. Aristocrats and Servitors: The Boyar Elite in Russia, 1613–1689. Princeton, 1983.
Kollmann, Nancy Shields. Kinship and Politics: The Making of the Muscovite Political System, 1345–1547. Stanford, 1987.
Pavlov, A. P. Gosudarev Dvor i Politicheskaia bor'ba Pri Borise Godunove. St. Petersburg, 1992.
"Duma." Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
duma (dōō´mä), Russian name for a representative body, particularly applied to the Imperial Duma established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1905. The parliamentary organization of 1906, largely the work of Count Witte, provided for a state council (an upper house, with some members appointed by the czar and others elected by the nobility, the zemstvos, the clergy, trade and industry, and the university faculties) and for the Duma (a lower house elected by a system of suffrage that was neither equal nor direct); no law was to be passed without the consent of the Duma. When Czar Nicholas II found that a majority of opposition candidates had been elected in 1906, he dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks. The second Duma (1907), even more hostile to the government, was also dissolved. The third Duma (1907–12) was the product of an electoral change that made it the tool of the government. It did, however, extend the peasants' rights and enact some labor laws. The fourth Duma (1912–17) had a conservative majority; called at rare and brief intervals, it was in constant conflict with the czar. It was dissolved by Nicholas in Mar., 1917 (Feb., O. S.), but refused to disband. Revolution (see Russian Revolution) broke out, and the Duma, after electing a provisional committee, disintegrated. The committee and the Petrograd soviet appointed the provisional government. The current State Duma (est. 1993) is the popularly elected lower house of the Russia Federation's legislature.
See V. A. Maklakov, The First State Duma (tr. 1964); A. Levin, The Second Duma (2d ed. 1966).
"duma." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Duma." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
DUMA , Imperial Russian legislature, in existence between 1906 and 1917. The electoral law establishing the First Duma included no specific restrictions on the Jewish franchise. Although the Jewish socialist parties, and primarily the *Bund, boycotted the elections to the First Duma, the majority of Jews took an active part, voting for candidates of the Russian Constitutional Democratic Party (the Kadets). Twelve Jewish deputies, including five Zionists, were elected: L. *Bramson, G. *Bruk, M. Chervonenkis, S. Frenkel, G. Jolles, Nissan *Katzenelson, Shemaryahu Levin *M.*Ostrogorski, S. *Rosenbaum, M. *Sheftel, M. *Vinawer, and B. Yakubson. Nine of the deputies were affiliated to the Kadet fraction and three to the Labor group (Trudoviki). On May 15, 1906, a bill to grant civil equality to the Jews and repeal all discriminatory legislation on the ground of religion or nationality was brought in. When news of the pogrom in *Bialystok reached the Duma at the beginning of June 1906, it sent an investigating commission there. The commission's report placed the responsibility for the pogrom on the Russian authorities, and the debate on this burning issue terminated with the dissolution of the First Duma by the Russian government in July. The Jewish representatives took part in the subsequent convocation of protest held by Duma deputies in Vyborg, Finland, and joined in signing the "Vyborg Manifesto," which called on the Russian people to register passive resistance by refusing to pay taxes or enlist in the army. Jews were also among the deputies who were sentenced to three months' imprisonment for signing the manifesto and deprived of their elective rights.
The Second Duma, which met in February 1907, included only four Jewish deputies, and they were hardly known to the Jewish public: S. Abramson, L. Rabinovich, Y. Shapiro – affiliated to the Kadets – and V. *Mandelberg (Siberia), affiliated to the Social Democrats. The small number of Jewish members was the result of the organization and activities of the antisemitic groups who opposed the election of Jewish deputies on principle. Since the Jews were in the minority throughout the country they were unable to return Jewish deputies without the support of the non-Jewish electorate. A bill was laid before the Second Duma by the government abrogating all denominational restrictions in Russia excepting those imposed on the Jews. The premature dissolution of the Second Duma in June 1907 interrupted the debate on the bill.
The Third Duma (1907–12) was returned by a new electoral law which restricted ab initio representation of the national minorities and increased that of the landowners and clergy. It was overwhelmingly composed of right-wing elements. There were two Jewish deputies, N. *Friedman and L. *Nisselovich. The Jews were constantly attacked, especially by representatives of the extreme right such as Purishkevich and Zamyslowsky. A bill to abolish the *Pale of Settlement signed by 166 deputies met with ridicule and abuse from the antisemites. On the other hand, the assassination of Premier Stolypin and the *Beilis blood libel case provided an opportunity for scurrilous anti-Jewish attacks. The antisemites also proposed excluding Jews from the army.
Three Jews were elected to the Fourth Duma (1912–17), N. Friedman, M. Bomash, and E. Gurewich. A political office was established by a number of non-socialist Jewish parties to assist the Jewish deputies and provide guidance. The members of this bureau included Y. *Gruenbaum and I. Rosow (Zionists), S. *Dubnow and M. *Kreinin (Jewish Populist Party, Folkspartei), M. Vinaver and H. *Sliozberg (Jewish Peoples' Group), L. Bramson and A. *Braudo (Jewish Democratic Group), and O. *Grusenberg. During World War i the Jewish deputies were assigned to counteract the anti-Jewish vilification campaign spread by the army general staff and the restrictions introduced in its wake. It was on the initiative of the political office that deputy A. Kerensky paid a visit to the war zone: on his return he denied the libels from the podium of the Duma. The political office also appealed to the Duma to protest against the government memoranda of 1916 which accused the Jews of sabotaging the Russian war effort. After the February 1917 Revolution the Jews were granted equal rights and the "Jewish question" disappeared from the agenda of the Duma.
Y. Maor, in: He-Avar, 7 (1960), 49–90; J. Frumkin, in: Russian Jewry (1860 – 1917) (1966), 47–84; Dubnow, Hist Russ, 3 (1920), 131–42, 153–6.
"Duma." Encyclopaedia Judaica. . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
Family friendly pic with a kid, a cat, and a beautiful setting. Xan (Michaletos) lives on a South African farm and adopts an orphaned cheetah cub he names Duma. When his father (Scott) dies, and Xan and his mom (Davis) must move to the city, Xan is determined to release Duma into the wild himself. Not a very bright idea, especially when he gets lost in the desert—only to be found by the shifty Ripkuna (Walker). Based on fact; adapted from the book “How It Was With Dooms” by Xan and Carol Hopcraft. And no, you can't have a pet cheetah, no matter how cute they are. 100m/C DVD . US Eam-onn Walker, Campbell Scott, Hope Davis, Alexander Michaletos; D: Carroll Ballard; W: Karen Janszen; C: Werner Maritz.
"Duma." VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever. . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
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How can details of the SPARQL protocol be hidden from clients?
SPARQL protocol URLs quickly become complex when dealing with any non-trivial query. Very large queries can be so long that some clients or browsers may have issues with length of the URLs. The only solution in this case is to switch from a GET request to a POST request. But as a query is an idempotent operation it is better to use GET, with appropriate caching headers, rather than a POST.
In other circumstances a service might want to restrict the set of queries that can be invoked against a SPARQL endpoint. Or the use of SPARQL might be entirely hidden from calling clients. In both of those cases removal of direct access to the SPARQL endpoint may be desirable.
Assign a short URL to the SPARQL protocol request. The URL maps directly to a SPARQL query that is executed on request. Clients can use the short URL instead of the full SPARQL protocol request to extend the query.
An application exposes a SPARQL endpoint at http://api.example.org/sparql and a collection of named queries from http://app.example.org/queries.
Rather than requiring clients to compose the full SPARQL protocol request for that URL it could instead be defined as a named query for the service. The query could be associated with the following URL: http://api.example.org/sparql/list-homepages. A GET request to that URL would be equivalent to the SPARQL protocol request to the endpoint, i.e. would execute the configured SPARQL query and return a response in one of the standard SPARQL protocol formats.
Named queries is useful in a number of circumstances. Assigning short URLs to queries can remove issues with dealing with lengthy SPARQL queries that might get accidentally truncated in emails or be rejected by older HTTP clients or browsers. By providing tools for users of a service to create new named queries then a community can share and publish a useful set of queries.
Another benefit of binding queries to URLs, i.e. by creating new web resources, a service can implement additional optimisations that can improve response time of queries. E.g. query results might be generated asynchronously and the cached results supplied to clients rather than the query being executed on demand.
One way to protect a SPARQL endpoint is to reduce the legal set of queries to an approved list, e.g. that won't cause performance issues for the service. Named queries provide a way to provide a set of legal queries which are then bound to URLs. Direct access to the SPARQL endpoint can then be disabled, or limited to a white-listed set of client applications.
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Ingredients You Need There has been a lot of success with different types of topical treatments including creams and mud wraps. Here are some of the more impressive ingredients used for vein problems. These are applied topically. White oak bark and witch hazel are astringents and can help reduce the inflammation that the Varicose+Veins' target=_blank>varicose veins have and help to reduce the pain associated with them as well. Butchers Broom is one of the must have herbs due to the vaso constricting these herb has on veins.
How do we get them There are many contributary factors when developing Varicose+Veins' target=_blank>varicose veins: heredity, age, gender, posture, height and weight, occupation and hormones (estrogen, progesterone and pregnancy play a definite role). With one or more of these factors, damage is caused to the valves inside the vein, which would normally be responsible for controlling pressure and regulating the flow of blood. Also, the diseased vein walls of the superficial venous system become thicker and lose their elasticity, making it difficult for the blood to travel back to where it belongs. This means the blood pools in the legs, causing the symptoms associated with varicose veins.
How can varicose veins be treated? There are several ways to treat varicose veins, depending on the symptoms and types of veins present: 1. Compression stockings: The conservative management of varicose veins is to wear compression hose, exercise, control your weight, and elevate your legs above your waist as much as possible in order to drain the vein blood out of your legs. Compression hose will assist the vein in pumping blood up the leg and back to the heart. However, this technique will not make the varicose veins go away. Nevertheless, the use of compression hose is very important in not just preventing worsening of varicose veins, but also in preventing recurrent problems after treatment. 2. Sclerotherapy: This technique is used for the treatment of smaller varicose veins, as well as reticular veins and spider veins. A small amount of a medication (sclerosant) is injected directly into the diseased vein. The medication irritates the inner lining of the vein and causes it to seal shut. The newer types of sclerosants are not painful when injected using a very tiny needle, and multiple sites of injection are typically needed. In addition, one usually needs anywhere from 2-6 treatments to obtain 70-80% clearance of the spider veins. The procedure is performed quickly and easily without the need for anesthesia. Sometimes, we use ultrasound guidance for sclerotherapy. The number of treatments required will vary with each individual, depending on the extent of visible varicosities and spider veins. A range of 2-6 treatments can be expected in order to achieve a 70-80% clearance of the spider veins. We also use a Lyra 1064 nm YAG laser to treat stubborn spider veins. 3. Surgical Stripping: In the past, surgical removal or "stripping" of the diseased vein out of the leg was the best treatment we could offer patients with vein problems. This procedure required an operating room, general or spinal anesthesia, and recovery times that varied from 2-6 weeks. Vein stripping is an antiquated procedure and should be very rarely used in the management of varicose veins with the newer techniques that are currently available. 4. Microphlebectomy: This procedure involves the use of several, 1 mm, tiny incisions along the course of the leg veins in order to remove the diseased vein in segments. These tiny incisions heal well with minimal discomfort. Microphlebectomy can be performed by itself or in combination with another type of vein treatment. 5. Endovenous Laser Therapy: The use of lasers in the management of vein problems is replacing the standard surgical approach to treating large Varicose+Veins' target=_blank>varicose veins. With Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT) a very thin fiber or catheter is inserted into the diseased vein through a small needle puncture in the leg, requiring only local anesthesia. The laser delivers energy directly to the inner lining of the vein, causing the vein to close. The procedure can be performed in the physician's office in approximately one hour. Patients are usually able to resume their routine activities immediately after the procedure.
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You are not the only person facing a challenge, battling a disease, dealing with family issues, in need of immediate financial relief, or having problems at work. Read someone else's story and design your own plan to achieve.
Learning to wait, overcoming circumstances and putting in hard work are all enemies of failure. Waiting is an important key. What is your attitude while you wait? What could you be learning, studying or reading while you wait? Do you give up too easily during the waiting period? Are you easily distracted and taken off course? For a season, are you willing to replace television with books and social media with goal planning?
Do you believe in yourself? Do you believe in what you are doing?
What have you learned through your failures? What is your attitude towards failure? How can you use your failures to propel you into destiny?
Success in an action word. To keep it alive, you must be moving, building, establishing and planning.
Sometimes your greatest success comes after you have gone through your greatest failure.
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Clematis is a flower that is known by many names. In some parts of the world it is known as traveler's joy, in others it is called old man's beard. Clematis plants come in as many shapes as it has names. Some varieties of the plant are shrub-like and resemble herbs, and a great number are climbing vines. Whatever name it is known by and whatever form it takes, the clematis is a staple in many gardens.
There are almost 300 recognized varieties of the genus Clematis, with thousands more unofficial hybrids and specializations among the plants. For ease of recognition and care, the many types of Clematis are often divided into three categories, based on when the plants should be pruned. Group A flowers in early spring and produces mainly small flowers. Group B flowers in early summer and consists mainly of hybrids with large blooms. Group C develops its flowers late in summer and into early fall and is made up almost exclusively of vines.
Despite the differences in bloom time, there are some similarities between Clematis varieties. Most plants of this type prefer non-acidic soils, such as landscapes rich in limestone. Most types prefer full sun with only a small amount of shade, with the exception of some hybrids, which may fade in direct sunlight. Also, they perform best when their roots are kept cool and shaded, as with mulch. Some gardeners consider Clematis tricky to grow, as the stalks are delicate and require good airflow to keep them healthy. While the vine varieties like to climb, Clematis do not thrive when placed in an area where they must vie for nutrients with tree roots.
Clematis are remarkable plants in that they can survive for about 25 years if cared for correctly. They may produce as many as 100 or more blooms per season, and can grow to a height of 30 feet (9.1 m), but are often in the 6 to 8 foot (1.8 to 2.4 m) range. The flowers often have fragrant blooms, such as the sweet autumn Clematis. Other types of plant hybrids are not as fragrant as their undiluted counterparts, but Clematis hybrids produce blooms that are just as aromatic as their non-hybrid counterparts.
The colors of Clematis can vary widely from purple, blue, pink, red, white and any combination in between, though a light blue color is particularly common, and the deep purple jackmanii is quite popular. The name Clematis comes from the Greek word for "climbing vine" and was originally used to describe the periwinkle plant and several other very different plants. The association with periwinkle has stuck, however, and that is the color name that is most often ascribed to Clematis plants. It should be noted that the Clematis is actually a member of the buttercup family and has no relation to the periwinkle plant, which is a member of the dog bane family.
What Is a Clematis Hybrid?
How Do I Grow Clematis in Pots?
What Are the Different Varieties of Clematis?
What Are the Best Tips for Pruning Clematis?
How Do I Choose the Best Clematis for Shade?
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How? – Use your phone camera to take photos as you walk along. Sit together and look through the photos and talk about where you’ve walked today.
Try – Put a little plastic toy character in each photo and then sit and talk about the toy’s outdoor adventure.
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My birthday is coming and my parents decided to throw a party for me, I want to invite my friends to my birthday party which would be held at a bowling alley.
Purpose: Inviting a friend for a birthday party.
Context: Greeting, venue, date and time, activities, what food would be provided.
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Change the name of your configuration directory. This name should not contain any slashes. The full path to your files will be <persistent_storage_root>/<conf_dir> where <persistent_storage_root> is the value set by the -persistent_storage_root option. The default is: "DoNotStarveTogether".
Set the name of the cluster directory that this server will use. The server will expect to find the cluster.ini file in the following location: <persistent_storage_root>/<conf_dir>/<cluster>/cluster.ini, where <persistent_storage_root> and <conf_dir> are the values set by the -persistent_storage_root and -conf_dir options. The default is "Cluster_1".
Set the name of the shard directory that this server will use. The server will expect to find the server.ini file in the following location:<persistent_storage_root>/<conf_dir>/<cluster>/<shard>/server.ini, where <persistent_storage_root>, <conf_dir>, and <cluster> are the values set by the -persistent_storage_root, -conf_dir, and -cluster options. The default is "Master".
Start the server in offline mode. In offline mode, the server will not be listed publicly, only players on the local network will be able to join, and any steam-related functionality will not work.
Disable data collection for the server.
Change the address that the server binds to when listening for player connections. This is an advanced feature that most people will not need to use.
The UDP port that this server will listen for connections on. This option overrides the [NETWORK] / server_port setting in server.ini. If you are running a multi-level cluster, this port must be different for each server. This port must be between 10998 and 11018 inclusive in order for players on the same LAN to see it in their server listing. Ports below 1024 are restricted to privileged users on some operating systems.
Set the maximum number of players that will be allowed to join the game. This option overrides the [GAMEPLAY] / max_players setting in cluster.ini.
Internal port used by steam. This option overrides the [STEAM] / master_server_port setting in server.ini. Make sure that this is different for each server you run on the same machine.
Internal port used by steam. This option overrides the [STEAM] / authentication_port setting in server.ini. Make sure that this is different for each server you run on the same machine.
Create a backup of the previous log files each time the server is run. The backups will be stored in a directory called "backup" in the same directory as server.ini.
This is the number of times per-second that the server sends updates to clients. Increasing this may improve precision, but will result in more network traffic. This option overrides the [NETWORK] / tick_rate setting in cluster.ini. It is recommended to leave this at the default value of 15. If you do change this option, it is recommended that you do so only for LAN games, and use a number evenly divisible into 60 (15, 20, 30).
In my experiments the '-console' command line option does not work any more.
But since the '[MISC]/console_enabled' option has a default value of 'true' the console works any way (with or without the '-console' flag).
For those that care about it, id like to add for those who do not know it.
"-only_update_server_mods" - Updates server mods listed in the dedicated_server_mods_setup.lua file but does not launch a server.
"-skip_update_server_mods" - Skips mod updates.
I use these in my batch file.
Would be awesome if Klei could provide a full list and secondly add an explanation about when to use the console command versus setting it in the configuration files.
Nullrenderer states that `backup_logs` is deprecated and `backup_log_count` should be used instead. This is not documented here and I wonder what the default value is. @255 , will this be updated here soon?
In the example above, are the names "master" and "caves" reference to the folder name or the shard name in the ini file? I ask because I want to set up a server with 4 shards (2 caves, 2 overworlds) and I need to rename existing Caves folder to Caves_1 and create another for Caves_2. Would I need to change the command above to Caves_1 and add Caves_2, or just make sure that the server name in the ini file matches what's in the command line above?
@justacpa, I gave a sorta-detailed explanation on how to add more shards to a cluster over in my thread. The instructions should help you regardless of how you set up your servers, whether you followed my guide or a different one. Feel free to ask if you need more info.
The -shard parameter does indeed refer to the folder where the shard is located. So if you add a new line to your batch file with -shard Caves_2 for a new shard, you'll need a Caves_2 folder in your cluster folder with the necessary server.ini, leveldataoverride.lua and modoverrides.lua files.
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¿Buscas vuelos baratos? El 25% de nuestros usuarios encontró vuelos para esta ruta por $2004 o menos.
El vuelo más barato de Pto Vallarta a Guadalajara se encontró con un promedio de 85 días de antelación a la fecha de salida.
En promedio,* las salidas por la mañana son un 3% más baratas que por la noche.
¿Cuánto tiempo dura un vuelo de Pto Vallarta a Guadalajara?
Un vuelo directo tarda un promedio de 0h 45m en cubrir una distancia de 203 km.
¿Cuántos vuelos hay entre Pto Vallarta y Guadalajara?
Hay 36 vuelos directos a la semana entre Pto Vallarta y Guadalajara, con un promedio de 5 al día.
¿Cuáles aerolíneas ofrecen los vuelos más baratos de Pto Vallarta a Guadalajara?
En los últimos 3 días, encontramos los vuelos de ida y vuelta más baratos en Interjet ($1620), Aeromar ($1695) y VivaAerobus ($1789).
¿Cuáles aerolíneas vuelan con más frecuencia entre Pto Vallarta y Guadalajara?
Las aerolíneas con más frecuencia de vuelos para esta ruta son: Aeromar (1 vuelos al día), TAR Aerolíneas (1 vuelos al día), Aereo Calafia (0 vuelos al día).
¿Cuál es el día más barato para volar de Pto Vallarta a Guadalajara?
En el itinerario Pto Vallarta - Guadalajara, el jueves es el día más barato para volar y sábado el más caro. En la ruta de vuelta, de Guadalajara a Pto Vallarta, los precios más bajos se encuentran generalmente el domingo y los más altos el miércoles.
¿Qué aeropuertos utilizaré cuando vuele desde Pto Vallarta a Guadalajara?
Cuando vueles desde Pto Vallarta, saldrás de Pto Vallarta Aeropuerto Internacional de Puerto Vallarta, también conocido como Aeropuerto de Pto Vallarta. Aterrizarás en Aeropuerto Internacional de Guadalajara, también conocido como Aeropuerto de Guadalajara.
Ventajas: Everything to the point when boarding and taking off.
Desventajas: Problems with luggage. Lady at interjet counter couldn’t find my flight and now i have to pay double for checked bag.
Desventajas: More clear signs and instructions for boarding.
Desventajas: No toilet seat on the men's toilet in Puerto Escondido airport, it's been like that for months!!
Desventajas: Flight got delayed by 1.5 Hrs I missed by further connection.
Ventajas: This is a cheap ticket.
Desventajas: They tried to charge me for carry on luggage even though I was under weight and under size. They aggressively tried to take my carryon and told me I had to pay 41$ per bag or I could not get on plane. Only when I asked for a manager and found someone to interpret for me and show with a measuring tape and we did they allow me on... total scam - the gate attendant conned at least 15 people before us that had smaller bags that they had to pay (very aggressively in Spanish and many passengers did not speak Spanish so gave in and payed just to get on flight). Once on the flight- you can adjust your seat which for me wasn’t a big deal at 5’1” but any taller would be an issue. You pay for even water on this flight.
Ventajas: One of the worst experience I’ve had.
Desventajas: Our flight was delayed for 3 hours! Completely ruined out plans.
Desventajas: The clerk at the ticket counter wanted the passenger to pay for the flight after it was already paid for. They kept telling her it wasn't paid for, even though the funds had been already in pending status. It took a different clerk to realize the mistake. Something tells me wanted to scam her.
Desventajas: Delayed flight both there and back. Personal at the desk VERY RUDE! Their luggage policy is f***ing ridiculous! They even weight your purse! And both carryon and luggage have to weight 10 kg - AND IF YPU GET ANYTHING ELSE AT THE DUTY FREE THEEY REWEIGHT YOUR BAGS AND MAKE YOUPAY IF IT GOES OVER!!! They always change the boarding gate and don’t have anyone telling you to go to the new gate! You have to walk and look out to the screens for the stupid sign!
Desventajas: Incomodo, impuntual, costo excesivo para una aerolínea "barata"
Desventajas: Los dos vuelos que tome hoy salieron demorados. En la documentación solo había una persona y fue muy lenta.
Ventajas: The staff was very professional boarding from Acapulco, Morelia, and Mexico City. They are very friendly and will help you answer any questions you have.
Desventajas: One flight got delayed an hour. Also picking up our luggage was a huge mess, they piled five flights together and we had to wait an hour for our stuff.
Desventajas: The day of my trip I showed up to the airport only to discover that there was no flight. I was never notified. No representative was around and phone numbers didn't work. I had to book a last minute flight with another airline in order to get home.
Desventajas: - Overbooked flight (by over 20 seats!!! WTF). - Lie after lie about what was going on. - Flight was over 4h delayed.
Desventajas: Since we were flying on a prop plane, a new experience for me, I was a little surprised at the differences: the greater degree of bumpiness in turbulence, the sense of quicker and sharper take off and landing.
Desventajas: I received a confirmation number but when I got to the airport , the ticket wasn’t booked. I’m not sure what happened. I see it was in my credit card. This was a bad service.
Ventajas: It’s my first flight with a plane using both helix and turbo engine. It gives you a nice safety sensation. Good flight.
Desventajas: They put us on waiting line for landing, which is not the fault of the airline, of course.
Desventajas: The flights to Acapulco and back to MX City were both late.
Desventajas: We didn't get assigned seats as the system was not available so we ended up getting the boarding passes at the gate. However it was very chaotic as a lot of people were in the same situation. Then it was announced that the flight was delayed for another 90 minutes.
Desventajas: Over 1 hour delay and 2 gate changes with no communication! Baggage claim was as far from entry to terminal as possible.
Desventajas: Check in counter opened less than 2 hours before flight and by time we checked in and went through security it was almost time for flight! Would be nice to sit and relax a sort bit.
Desventajas: First class is pretty limited on food. The seats could be more comfortable considering the cost.
Ventajas: Estuve en asientos de emergencia y son cómodos.
Ventajas: The flight landed early.
Desventajas: Landing at Cancun Airport wr deplaned and were left in a hallway behind a locked glass door. Safety concern ad we couldnt go back nor forward. Not a nice welcome to Cancun.
Ventajas: The flight attendants were very professional and the flight was very comfortable as well.
Desventajas: Se atraso 2 horas.
Desventajas: On a 6 hour flight that was international and during dinner time they did not have any dinner food, only light snacks for purchase. No charging ports either.
Ventajas: VERY friendly. Comfortable. The crew had to deal with a sick passenger and they did it with professionalism and kindness. The refreshments were excellent! Much better than US airlines.
Desventajas: The boarding process was a bit confusing. The directions weren't clear from the crew, but they were very friendly. Late boarding and we had no updates from the staff.
Desventajas: My second bag had to be paid by pound! I payed $85 us for a 14 kg lugagge for a 45 minute flight... The price for the bag was more expensive than my own flight ticket!!!
Desventajas: The seats are too cramped and no luggage space for a carry on with people bringing on several bags of souvenirs and use all overhead storage.
Busca vuelos a Guadalajara en KAYAK. Encuentra vuelos baratos a Pto Vallarta desde Guadalajara. KAYAK busca en cientos de webs de viajes y te ayuda a encontrar vuelos baratos y a reservar el que más te convenga.
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Sonia has a few quirky allergies that come and go mysteriously. One is to mushrooms. Although, that particular sensitivity didn't apply when it came to the Portobello Mushroom Fries. Another one of her fun "come and go" allergies involves certain kinds of shellfish. Maybe. We've figured out she's okay with crab and lobster. But she usually plays it safe with things like clams, oysters, and scallops...except when my dad orders the fried oysters and she takes a couple bites. Maybe she's grown out of the allergy and maybe she's not as sensitive when the food is prepared a certain way. Who knows? But it took some convincing to get her to try this paella. She finally agreed, but only on the condition that I take all the mussels out of her portion.
That was just fine by me, because I really liked these mussels. They came out nice and soft, but not too chewy. The "calamares" were by far the chewiest ingredient in our bag. I've had squid before that was not this chewy, but really, it wasn't horrendous—just a tad more rubbery than I would have preferred. The rest of the textures were wonderful and blended together seamlessly.
South Jersey is full of fresh seafood, but I haven't seen many places around here that offer any kind of paella. In fact, the only other time in my life that I've had proper paella was in Spain. There was a quaint sidewalk cafe in Madrid where I tried this "national dish" of España. It was a while back, but honestly, I remember not being impressed. It was much soupier than Trader Joe's offering, the vegetables were stringy, and I felt it lacked flavor. They might have given me a bad batch on purpose, though. They didn't seem fond of non-Spanish speakers there. <Sigh.> Six and a half years into a marriage to someone whose first language is Spanish, and I'm still trying to learn it.
But back to the paella. It's good. It's complex, flavorful, and not-at-all-fishy. Seafoody? Yes. Fishy? No. I'm not sure how authentic it is, but I certainly prefer it to the only other paella I've ever had. Ironically, this selection is a "product of France," not Spain, according to the bag. Eh, close enough, I guess. Four stars from me. Three and a half from my better half.
Maybe they couldn't find a supplier that can make paella without GMO's or bidding process to get sold in store.
Does the rice get caramelized/crunchy like with traditional paella?
I used to have a come & go allergy to seafood-mainly shell fish, but no longer bothered by it. My solution, I took the advice of someone who had similar bouts of it and she suggested that I do not drink wine when having the fish. Lo and behold it worked!!!! Maybe too much sulfite at one time???
I have to say I tried this and found it revolting. And I'm a big fan of paella.
And most paella can be 'safe' for those with lactose allergies EXECEPT this one. It contains lactose and milk added to make the crab more 'tasty'.... Paella usually contains no added milk, except cheese, if added by the patron. I spent the day on the pot. In the future, just make my own, how frustrating.
Why did you try this, then, when the bag has "CONTAINS MILK" printed on it?
shrimp are like little rocks. not edible.
I think you overcooked it, then. I just tried it and it was quite good. Shrimp tender, calamari not rubbery.
OMG I love Paella and so glad I found this at TJ’s. I bought one just to try it out and I was blown away on how yummmy this is. I ended up going back to purchase more and again a few days later. I need this in my feezer and can eat this every other day!!
I just tried it for the first time. And I think it is very good. The texture was perfect. The calmari wasn't too chewy. If it was for you, then you probably cooked it too long.
quick easy and onion free. all pluses in my book.
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TL;DR: Our leads are getting so close to figuring out their shared trauma and yet they are so far away.
I don’t know about you, but I’m very excited that our leads are inching closer to the truth about their shared trauma. It feels like each time we have a flashback about the building collapse, we learn more about what happened to Moon-soo and Kang-doo. This time we find out they actually came face-to-face underground. The question now becomes, just how much of that does Moon-soo remember?
The Moon-soo we saw in the hospital had a head injury, a broken arm, and a broken leg (from what I recall), but in this episode’s flashback, her mobility seems to be pretty good. It has also been implied that when she was dug out of the rubble, she wasn’t near Kang-doo anymore and was practically unconscious. Did she have to move further back because of structural instability? Did she try to go get something that either one of them needed and get caught somewhere?
I originally thought that Moon-soo had been lying to her parents about not remembering what happened, but now I’m questioning that. Post-head trauma, does she legitimately not remember the boy who sang to her under the rubble? Or is it just that she never found out the name of the song Kang-doo sang and thus didn’t recognize the name of the band when he threw it at her at the memorial? She remembers portions of the ordeal on some level, considering her panic and flashbacks. It’ll be interesting to find out the particulars. At least she suspects that he was in the disaster as well, and I wonder how that will change their dynamic.
Kang-doo continues to be a caring guy, which makes me very happy, even if he shows it in unorthodox ways. When he heard the medicine seller hadn’t opened her shop, he broke in to check on her and then insisted on staying to keep her company/watch over her under the pretense of being too tired to go back home. Then he went to the hospital to ask Jae-young to come do a house call (which the medicine seller had her lie about, yikes), and he helped Wan-jin into the taxi (…which got some side-eye from me, but that’s not a topic I think I’m equipped to tackle). When Ma-ri checked up on him, he even reiterated that he wasn’t angry at the room salon girl for hitting him on Yoo-taek’s orders.
So I can trust that his kindness toward and consideration of Moon-soo isn’t a one-off thing that will make her responsible for his good behavior. Kang-doo going in search of her and rescuing her, offering her his jacket, giving her a hoodie, and going to get medicine for her isn’t just about him being nice toward the person he is developing soft, squishy feelings for—it’s about him actually being a pretty decent but prickly person.
Right now, though, I’m most worried about Moon-soo and all of the office politics she’s getting caught up in. I’m glad that her misunderstanding/fight with So-mi was resolved so quickly—internalized misogyny and hellish cultural expectations can mess with anyone—and that they seem to be on track for being office friends. It was sweet of Moon-soo to get So-mi a skincare item she had remembered she was running low on (it showed she had been paying attention to what So-mi used), and it was equally adorable that So-mi got Moon-soo an all-in-one item (because that showed So-mi knew that Moon-soo wouldn’t be the kind of person to have a complex skincare routine). I’m hoping the two of them can band together against Yoo-jin, if necessary, who is shaping up to be a much larger threat.
I find it interesting that Yoo-jin is blatant and direct about her feelings, but at the same time, she’s only doing so where it’s safe for her to do so. Joo-won correctly guessed that she hadn’t told her father that she wanted to get together with him, and he was right to stand up for himself and say he didn’t think he ought to start a relationship where you couldn’t tell the people closest to you about it. That’s as clear a signal as any that Yoo-jin won’t be making any headway with him until she’s willing to upset her father and brother by declaring her feelings openly, even if it causes problems for her in the family business.
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Excuse the pun, but I am always drawn to the people I paint, and with Alexandra this was most true. Alexandra is a lady that jogs past my home frequently, and I couldn't help notice the great character she possessed, so one day I just had to stop her and ask if she would be interested in sitting for me, thankfully she said yes. When painting her I made great effort to connect with her emotions and inner straight, I feel I was successful with this task and managed to glimpse and capture part of her soul on canvas.
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0.9346 |
Why are college admissions essays important?
Prompt is highly selective. Fewer than 20% of applicants become Essay Specialists.
Essay Specialists typically come from top-50 institutions and have some background in either education or writing. We even have professional writers, authors, and playwrights!
I'm a playwright, editor, and writing teacher with a focus on arts education. I currently teach at Interlochen Arts Camp while traveling around the country for productions of my plays. I went to Columbia University as an undergrad, and I got my MFA at UT Austin as a Michener Fellow, a program for young writers that accepts less than one percent of applicants and provides over $100,000 of funding. I love helping students communicate what's most important about their lives!
I'm currently a freelance writer and editor based in New York. My work has appeared in Chicago magazine, Entertainment Weekly, Bustle, Screen Rant, and Alternative Press, among others. I attended the prestigious Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University and have over four years of experience under my belt, including writing, editing, researching, and fact-checking.
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0.952614 |
Why is this former smoker coughing?
Shaun, 27, is a mechanic who has just started trying to quit smoking. He came into the pharmacy about a week ago to purchase some nicotine gum, and he was given full advice and support to help him in his attempt.
Shaun has now returned to the counter and is coughing uncomfortably.
"I've got this cough," he says. "It's just come on recently, but I'm pretty sure it's because I've stopped smoking the fags, because this happened when I last tried to quit. It's really starting to annoy me. Is there anything you can do?"
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0.999998 |
He published a report on the income and expenditure of the State in order to arouse the people. In fact, prerevolutionary France experienced three of them: first, second and third estimate respectively Drew 2010. . Its impact hardly can be overvalued due to globally caused implications. As for corresponding benefits, the Estate was out of tax duty.
Reform Party: This party demanded the extension of the suffrage and limitation of royal power. Then Callone proposed to impose taxes on all the classes. It established a new system of government called the Directory. France suffered from harsh economic problems. Being clear with cause and effects of French Revolution, we have the ability to claim that this is history event is the turning point for civilized society establishment. At first, it was the war between Revolution Army and Austria.
What were some causes and effects of the French Revolution?
Estates General Governmental Changes One of the first changes was the drafting of a constitution, something the Third Estate had been aspiring for years. This time in French History was important to the people of France because of the different types of government they had. However, even when the Estates General was called, it was organized in such a way that only those of nobility could truly have a voice. Immediately after the National Assembly secretly began working on a constitution, the peasants and workers expected relief from taxes and other dues that they paid. The Third Estate formed a heterogenous class.
The economic instability formed one of the most important causes of the French Revolution. The French bourgeoisie helped cause the French revolution by the Absolute Monarchy, which is a ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs. Mass killings of clergy, looting and auctioning of Church property meant they can never rise again. The doctors, lawyers, teachers, businessmen, writers and philosophers belonged to this class. After their great revolution of 1789, France was the acknowledged leader of the progressive opinion in Europe. Other disturbances also broke out.
On hearing the outbreak of revolution of France in 1848, all over Germany excitement ran high and people forced their rulers to grant constitutional reforms. Four Bostonians were killed when Redcoats fired into an angry mob. The States-General was called, and it convened in May, 1789. As the result, the hunger was spread among lowest class throughout the whole France. With his support, he was named the dictator of France. But he was dismissed by the king. The basic causes of the French Revolution were rooted in the rigidities of French society in the 18th century.
When the political ,social and economicconditions in France decline the writers and philosophers evoked anew light of hope in the common masses with their writings whichsubsequently acted as an intellectual cause of french rev … olution. The National Convention then arrested Maximilien Robespierre, and executed him, which ended the Reign of Terror. The condition of the farmers was very miserable. Upon his accession he found an empty treasury. However, there is the attempt to organize all causes by categories.
The monarchy in France had been established for many centuries, and the causes of the Revolution were deeply-rooted, including the problems with the Ancien Régime, the growth of nationalism, the influence of philosophers, and the example of…. About one-third of the entire clergy in France served as parish priests. It gave people the idea that if they tried, they could reorganize a society whenever it was needed. He also unified Italy and Germany under French rule for the first time in centuries for Italy. The results of the war gave many citizens a new role in society while others, like slaves, felt no change at all. When economic depression in France made the every growing debt even greater, the state seemed on the verge of bankruptcy.
She always felt proud as she was the daughter of Austrain Empress. While and after the revolution, several world influential laws were enacted. In spite of this, the clergies and the nobles employed them in their fields in curve. Modern historians still debate the value of the changes that the revolution brought to modern society. When talking to the people at home, he found that many people were not satisfied with the Directory. Power lay within wealth The Estate System was arranged in a way that 98% of the population payed most of the taxes.
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0.999626 |
I love looking up quotes! It's one of my favorite things about the world wide web, because usually great amounts of wisdom are packed into a tight little punch of well sewn together words. And it's like the swiftest, clean cut punch straight to the face to say WAKE UP!
I'm a huge advocate on being kind, but this quote used to just sound like a life sob story to me. And I would think to myself, "Life isn't that hard people, quit feeling sorry for yourselves." Which, I am still highly opposed to throwing pity parties, but I have become a huge supporter of compassion and that's what this quote is saying. I've lived long enough now, to have been surprised multiple times, by the most joyous people telling me a horrendous life story that I couldn't fathom living through, but there they were living, laughing, and sharing their pain with me.
I was lucky enough to have already been kind to them, just because my parents raised me with some decency, but I can imagine other people who would have treated them unkindly or just plain rude for no reason and then would have had a whopping pile of human guilt dumped on them for their bad behavior, towards the fragile soul that had to live through such nightmares. And here's a secret; we're all fragile and we've all dealt with hard times, so be nice.
Lots of times the happiest people are the most resilient, which means they've seen a lot of bad, and they're happy, because they know how delicate life really is and traffic is not really a problem. Point being, compassion equals kindness and everyone deserves it!
"Sometimes the right path, is not the easiest one."
This one can confuse people, because sometimes the best path really is easier. This one tricked me for a long, long while, until I realized, it doesn't have to apply to everything in your life. You don't have to always choose the hard path, just because it's hard. I just always assumed anything that was worthwhile had to be hard and that's not the case. Sometimes, the stuff you love and the path you want to take is easy and it's going to feel good and it doesn't mean you're on the wrong path, so take this quote with a grain of salt.
This can boil down to a dinner metaphor. I used to try the fanciest, most bizarre dinner recipes, because I wanted to be a solid home-maker that just wow'd everyone who sat down at dinner, but I make a freaking delicious pot of chili. I would constantly forgo making the chili, because I wanted to be "impressive." So I'd serve these weird concoctions that originated from India and Lord knows where else and my husband would swallow it down with a discombobulated look on his face. Plus, I'd be exhausted, because I spent 3+ hours making some foreign dinner. When my chili would have actually been more impressive, made my husband happier and myself happier and more energetic, but it seemed too "easy." I chose a hard path and in this case, that was wrong and unnecessary. Now a days, I make a lot of chili!
Where I have found this quote most useful in my life is when I reach a fork in the road. I go over the pros and cons of each path and usually, one is very visibly harder than the other, but I look at the destination it would bring me to and which destination would have the end goal of making me a happier, more full, and vibrant human. I pick that one, even if the road to get there is harder.
"Whats meant to be will always find its way."
Ugh, doesn't that just drive you crazy the second you read it? This is the most annoying one, in my opinion, but once again, it is so true. I've experienced some let downs, some things I was holding on to so tightly and they still slipped away and I was left with only one question, "WHY?!" Well, because, it wasn't meant to be.
We can always see this in hindsight, but there's a long, long road to travel from destination pain to destination hindsight. They are pretty much on opposite sides of the universe, but once you arrive to destination hindsight, you're like, "OH! Thank you baby, Jesus, that that didn't work out!" You can see how all the dots connect and why you didn't get certain things you thought you needed. Usually, you arrive at a greater, happier place than you've ever dreamed of and then, you say to yourself, "Ah, what's meant to be will always find it's way."
Then you start to believe in this quote so much, you become that annoying person telling it to other people in rough patches. Those said people in rough patches despise this quote, because it takes a long journey and lots of patience, until you find its truth. But soon, my friends, soon, you too will be a, "What's meant to be will always find it's way," believer! It happens to the best and worst of us; it happens to errrrrybody!
You can basically sum all these up to say, be nice to all the humans around you on your journey, have faith in your trials and lessons learned, and get to where you want to be, regardless of how roughed up you get! You may be rollin' your eyes now, but you'll get some experience under your belt and be like, "Dang! That quote makes sense now!"
Happy Tuesday, lovely people of the planet!
PS: There are no sources on the quotes, because it's hard to really decipher who said it first, because they are so popular, but I, in no way, take credit for those quoted words.
I sat down in a coffee shop. I went there to have some space to chase my dreams. The second I sat down, I had the defeated thought, "Am I just going to be in a coffee shop forever, chasing my dreams? I preach and preach to go get 'em, chase your dreams with reckless abandon! But who am I? And what have I truly accomplished? I'm just sitting in a coffee shop again, with no recognition to my name."
As I was spiraling down the rabbit hole of "this is hard," I noticed what I was doing and stopped myself. Took a deep breath and started to hum a song in my head. I don't even remember what song it was, but as I looked out the window, I saw the trees dancing in the wind and it looked as though they choreographed their dance to the song I was humming. It was pure magic.
And bam! I had a huge awakening; I have to have a little FAITH, because I live in a universe that makes the dang trees sway. So this is for anyone that just needs a little nudge to not worry so much and let the universe take care of ya every now and then! (Keep scrolling)!
And paints the sky gold each morning.
You think it can't handle your life?
Leaves you with a sense of wonder.
You think it can't handle your hopes?
You think it can't handle your dreams?
And puts wind, beneath wings.
Have faith in your universe.
And your universe will have faith in you.
I knew Stevie from years back when her and I worked together. We both led way different lives back then and now we're both moms, keeping on that motherhood grind! It was so nice catching up with her and getting to be around her beautiful family. All three of them have an infectious energy and it's always great to see some truly happy people! I already have two kids of my own, but their sweet, sweet daughter made me want to take her home with me! It was an absolute pleasure photographing them. Here are a few shots from the day!
Carlsbad, California! A perfect day spent at the beach, with my family. Actually; that's a lie. Me and my husband dealt with a few tantrums, a few face plants in the ocean and sand, sand in the eye balls, sand in the shorts, sand in our food. Ya know, SAND! EVERYWHERE!
There were a few moments we could have had meltdowns all on our own, but we gathered ourselves and realized, what a beautiful day it was and how lucky we were to be the ones sharing those sandy tantrums with our little humans! I also got to stalk my own family like I was a weird paparazzi and take some frame worthy photos, which always makes me happy! :) Here's a glimpse of our day.
There ya have it! Family by the beach, really riveting stuff. Contact me if you'd like to add this kind of excitement to your life :D! Happy Saturday, folks!
If I could only keep two things for the rest of time, they would be my family (duh) and sunsets! So, put the two together and I am one happy gal! Here are some snapshots capturing the souls that melt my heart on the reg, with that golden sunlight that makes me believe in a God. Just looking at these makes my heart sigh, I'm a lucky woman!
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Diet How do i lose 10 lbs 2 weeks. You need to burn 3500 calories to lose a pound of fat. let's say for example you currently burn 2000 calories a day and you eat 2000 calories a day. if you dropped the calories you eat to 1000, assuming all those calories were healthy and you didn't starve yourself, you would burn 3500 calories in 3.5 days, which is 2lbs per week. a lot of my clients lose a lot more their first week because they are eating 2000 or more calories a day, and they've been retaining water.
Day 1: Drink as much coffee and water as you want. 1 piece of toast with butter, 1 egg, 1 serving of yogurt, and 1 serving of chicken with 1 salad with low calorie dressing is your meal today.
Day 2: Drink as much tea and water as you want. 1 serving cottage cheese, 2 eggs, 1 piece of toast with no butter, 1 salad with no dressing and 1 serving of beef is your meal today.
Day 3: Drink as much 0 calorie diet soda and water as you want. 1 fruit, 1 vegetable, 1 salad with low calorie dressing and 1 serving of fish is your meal today.
Day 4: Drink as much juice and water as you want. 1 serving cheese, 1 serving yogurt, 1 egg, 1 piece of toast with butter and 1 salad with meat of your choice is your meal today.
Day 5: Drink as much coffee, tea, and water as you want. 1 carrot, 1 large tomato, 1 serving chicken, 1 egg, and 1 slice of toast with butter is your meal today.
Day 6: Drink as much diet soda and juice as you want. 8 saltine crackers, 1 citrus fruit (orange, lemon, etc.), 1 serving chicken, and 2 eggs is your meal today.
Day 7: Drink only water. 1 salad with low calorie dressing, 1 fruit, and 2 vegetables is your meal today.
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This audio extract is from 'A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland circa 1695' by Martin Martin, first published in 1703. It is read here by Grant Butchart.
This audio extract is from 'A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland circa 1695' by Martin Martin, first published in 1703. It is read here by Grant Butchart.<br /> <br /> 'There was an ancient custom in the island of Lewis to make a fiery circle about the houses, corn, cattle, etc, belonging to each particular family: a man carried fire in his right hand, and went round, and it was called 'dessil', from the right hand, which in the ancient language is called 'dess'. An instance of this round was performed in the village Shader, in Lewis, about sixteen years ago (as I was told), but it proved fatal to the practiser, called MacCallum; for after he had carefully performed this round, that very night following he and his family were sadly surprised, and all his houses, corn, cattle, etc., were consumed with fire. This superstitious custom is quite abolished now, for there has not been above this one instance of it in forty years past.'<br /> <br /> Martin Martin was probably born in Bealach, near Duntulm Castle, Isle of Skye, into a minor gentry family associated with the MacDonalds of Sleat. After graduating from Edinburgh University in 1681 he tutored the heirs of the MacDonalds of Sleat and MacLeods of Harris before leaving for London in 1695. <br /> <br /> Encouraged by fellow Episcopalians and antiquarian colleagues he undertook ethnographic work on his native Western Isles, setting off for a tour of Lewis in 1696, followed by a trip to St Kilda the following year. 'The Late Voyage to St. Kilda' was published in 1698, followed by his most celebrated work, 'A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland' in 1703.<br /> <br /> Despite being promised financial remuneration for his work, the money remained unpaid and Martin returned to Skye to tutor once more. At the age of 41 he enrolled as a trainee physician at Leiden University in the Netherlands and on his return to England he continued to practice medicine, finally graduating at Rheims in 1716. He died on 9 October, 1718. <br /> <br /> Martin Martin's accounts of life in the Hebrides, before the advent of the Union, the 'Forty-Five', Highland Clearance, and Victorian Romanticism, are amongst the first printed works to describe the history, culture and traditions of an area where the old structures of society still prevailed.
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The Panama women's national football team is overseen by the Federación Panameña de Fútbol. After a 12 year absence, the team will return to the CONCACAF Women's Championship in 2018 after finishing second in UNCAF zone qualifying.
In 2002 Panama qualified for the CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup for the first time after securing one of two spots in Central American Zone qualifying. They went 1–0–2 at the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup and did not qualify for the knockout round.
Panama once again qualified for the Women's Gold Cup in 2006 after winning their qualifying group. Panama lost their first round match 2–1 to Jamaica and were eliminated.
Panama did not participate in the 2010 CONCACAF Women's World Cup Qualifying tournament as they did not enter Central American qualifying.
In 2013 Panama participated in the Central American Games for the first time. They went 1–0–1 and advanced to the semi-finals, where they lost to Costa Rica. Panama would finish in fourth place after losing the third place match to Guatemala.
Panama finished second in their group in 2014 Central American Qualifying and did not qualify for the 2014 CONCACAF Women's Championship as only the group winner advanced.
At the 2017 Central American Games, Panama improved on their result from four ago by defeating El Salvador on penalties to finish in third place.
Panama secured one of the two spots available in Central American Qualifying for the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship, this marked their first time playing in the CONCACAF Championship in 12 years. Panama was drawn into Group A, alongside the United States, Mexico and Trinidad and Tobago.
Panama opened the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship with a 3–0 victory over Trinidad and Tobago. They suffered a 5–0 loss to the United States in their second match. The score could have been much worse if not for the excellent performance from 17-year old goalkeeper Yenith Bailey, as she made several big saves against the US who had 18 shots on goal. Panama secured their spot in the semi-final by defeating Mexico 2–0 in their final group match. Bailey once again made some big saves, including saving a penalty in the first half. Panama was beat by Canada 7–0 in the semi-final, but they would move on to the third place match where a win would secure them a spot in the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. After losing the third place match to Jamaica on penalties, Panama played against Argentina at the CONCACAF-CONMEBOL play-off to secure a spot for France 2019 after Argentina secured their ticket Panama was eliminated from the qualification.
The following players were called-up for the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship.
The following players were called-up in the last 12 months.
The following is a list of recent match results, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
^ "PREVIEW: Women's Gold Cup to determine tickets to China 2003". October 25, 2002. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ "Women Gold Cup 2006". Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ a b c "PANAMA". Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ "Selección femenina de fútbol inicia prácticas a Copa Centroamericana". Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ "General preview of the teams participating in the Concacaf Women's Championship 2018". October 4, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ "Draw Reveals Groups for the 2018 Concacaf Women's Championship". September 4, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ "USA vs. Panama, Concacaf Championship: Final Score 5–0 as Carli Lloyd's Hat Trick Leads the Way". October 7, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ "Canada thrashes Panama to book FIFA Women's World Cup berth". October 14, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
^ "Panama 2–0 Mexico: Panama one win from World Cup, Mexico out". October 10, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
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Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay (13 March 1845 – 3 November 1929) was a Polish linguist and Slavist, best known for his theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations.
For most of his life Baudouin de Courtenay worked at Imperial Russian universities: Kazan (1874–1883), Dorpat (as Tartu, Estonia was then known) (1883–1893), Kraków (1893–1899) in Austria-Hungary, and St. Petersburg (1900–1918), where he was known as Иван Александрович Бодуэн де Куртенэ (Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de Kurtene). In 1919-1929 he was a professor at the re-established University of Warsaw in a once again independent Poland.
He was born in Radzymin, near Warsaw, to a family of distant French extraction. One of his ancestors had been a French aristocrat who migrated to Poland during the reign of Polish King August II the Strong. In 1862 Baudouin de Courtenay entered the "Main School," a predecessor of the University of Warsaw. In 1866 he graduated from its historical and philological faculty and won a scholarship of the Russian Imperial Ministry of Education. Having left Poland, he studied at various foreign universities, including those of Prague, Jena and Berlin. In 1870 he received a doctorate from the University of Leipzig for his Polish-language dissertation On the Old Polish Language Prior to the 14th Century.
Baudouin de Courtenay established the Kazan school of linguistics in the mid-1870s and served as professor at the local university from 1875. Later he was chosen as the head of linguistics faculty at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) (1883–1893). Between 1894 and 1898 he occupied the same post at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków only to be appointed to St. Petersburg, where he continued to refine his theory of phonetic alternations. After Poland regained independence in 1918, he returned to Warsaw, where he formed the core of the linguistics faculty of the University of Warsaw. From 1887 he held a permanent seat in the Polish Academy of Skills and from 1897 he was a member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1925 he was one of the co-founders of the Polish Linguistic Society.
His work had a major impact on 20th-century linguistic theory, and it served as a foundation for several schools of phonology. He was an early champion of synchronic linguistics, the study of contemporary spoken languages, which he developed contemporaneously with the structuralist linguistic theory of Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. Among the most notable of his achievements is the distinction between statics and dynamics of languages and between a language (an abstract group of elements) and speech (its implementation by individuals) – compare Saussure's concepts of langue and parole. Together with his students, Mikołaj Kruszewski and Lev Shcherba, Baudouin de Courtenay also shaped the modern usage of the term phoneme,Baudouin de Courtenay (1894): Próba teorii alternacji fonetycznych, Część I – Ogólna RWF, 20, pp. 219–364; translated in German in Jan. 1895 as Versuch einer Theorie phonetischer Alternationen [An Attempt at a Theory of Phonetic Alternations]; excerpts in English in A Baudouin de Courtenay Anthology: The Beginnings of Structural Linguistics, ed. and trans. Edward Stankiewicz (Bloomington/London: Indiana UP, 1972). which had been coined in 1873 by the French linguist A. Dufriche-Desgenettes.
Three major schools of 20th-century phonology arose directly from his distinction between physiophonetic (phonological) and psychophonetic (morphophonological) alternations: the Leningrad school of phonology, the Moscow school of phonology, and the Prague school of phonology. All three schools developed different positions on the nature of Baudouin's alternational dichotomy. The Prague School was best known outside the field of Slavic linguistics. Throughout his life he published hundreds of scientific works in Polish, Russian, Czech, Slovenian, Italian, French and German.
Apart from his scientific work, Baudouin de Courtenay was also a strong supporter of national revival of various national minority and ethnic groups. In 1915 he was arrested by the Okhrana, Russian secret service, for publishing a brochure on the autonomy of peoples under Russian rule. He spent 3 months in prison, but was released. In 1922, without his knowledge, he was proposed by the national minorities of Poland as a presidential candidate, but was defeated in the third round of voting in the Polish parliament and eventually Gabriel Narutowicz was chosen. He was also an active Esperantist and president of the Polish Esperanto Association.
Baudouin de Courtenay was the editor of the 3rd (1903–1909) and 4th (1912–1914) editions of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language complied by Russian lexicographer Vladimir Dahl (1801–1872).
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In an interview following her election as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2843875.ece, 10 November 2007.
Context: I am as closed-up and fucked-up as everybody else. I am hell. The world is hell. "No, it isn't", I scream, but I know it is. Hell. Hell. Hell. Hell. Help. Help me. Help me. Love me.
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0.938204 |
How to become a member of the FSB, where to obtain specialized education, which Universities FSB exist? Future employees of the Federal security service are prepared in educational institutions of FSB and in a number of other educational institutions, both civil and military orientation.
In order to become an employee of the Federal security service, of course, you need to get a higher education, but to address the question "where to study?" first you need to decide on a career choice. In the FSB, as well as in any other organization, a person must carry out a certain work function, that is the work of a particular profession.
The structure of the FSB includes, besides the Central apparatus of the FSB of Russia and territorial bodies, and the bodies of the border service, the security authorities in the troops. The Federal security service has its own aviation units, special operations units, units providing support in the implementation of the tasks of the security organs. Under such "auxiliary" units are understood research, expert and medical institutions subordinate to the FSB.
Thus, the FSB requires staff of various professions: lawyers, experts, border guards and other specialists of the military sectors.
The main educational institutions preparing personnel for counterintelligence are the Universities that are part of the FSB. Such Universities exist in various regions of Russia. It is and institutions of FSB of Russia in St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, and the Academy of the FSB of Russia, located in Moscow. However, in the Academy of the FSB of Russia, in General, increase the skills of existing employees, whereas in institutions have the opportunity to enroll everyone. The rules and procedure of admission to Universities FSB can be found on the official website of the chosen institution.
In addition to these educational institutions, in the system of the FSB are the Universities of the border troops. This Boundary Academy of FSB of Russia in Moscow, and Border institutions in Moscow, in the Moscow region town of Golitsyno, Odintsovo district), as well as the Kaliningrad, Kurgan, Khabarovsk border institutions. institutions have branches in other cities of the country. For example, in the Stavropol region is a branch Galizische border Institute.
In educational institutions of FSB to get a higher education majoring in "legal guarantees for national security", psychology service activities", "border activity". These areas of training to fill the ranks of the personnel of the staff departments of internal and external intelligence, high level psychologists and lawyers in various fields, as well as officers of the border guards.
But that's not all specialties needed to work such a mighty structure. In the work of spies an important role is played by technical means, and therefore required technical expertise for maintenance and even development and creation. Professionals in this category are prepared in Universities structures, such as the Institute of new information technologies in Moscow, and in civil educational establishments. Graduates with the rare technical professions often invited to work in the system.
The FSB is known to the townsfolk, mainly by the gallant fighters of "alpha", "Vympel", others to special forces. Contrary to popular belief, for service in these units also need to receive a higher education. To become a representative of elite special forces is finished, for example RVVDKU, people received the name of "ryazanka", where they teach professional saboteurs, military interpreters, officers of the airborne divisions. You can also finish the Nakhimov school in St. Petersburg, where they receive education so-called Marines. Among special educational institutions of FSB you can call the coast guard Institute, which is located in the city of Anapa.
Service the FSB is not only the intelligence service, the FSB conducts and counter-terrorism activities, deals with disclosure and investigation of crimes against state security. Future investigators and operational staff can receive education in higher educational institutions of the MIA of Russia for the respective areas of training.
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The Jewish Museum of Switzerland opened as Europe’s first German-speaking Jewish museum after the war in 1966. The museum was praised for presenting a splendid collection of Judaica from Basel’s ethnographic museum and displaying these objects in a context dedicated exclusively to Judaism. Formerly restricted to one showcase among many, where the objects told the history of Judaism as one of several rural communities, the collection now had a house dedicated to Judaism as a world religion.
The development of the Jewish Museum in the following 50 years can be summarized in three phases: first, the Jewish Museum of Switzerland enjoyed its status as a pioneer and collecting hotspot (1966–1988). In the following twenty years, it witnessed thirty new Jewish museums open in Germany and Austria with bold, new ideas, albeit specific to post-Holocaust Germany and thus not transferable to Switzerland (1988–2010). Currently, the Jewish Museum is looking to redefine its role as a peer among the many Jewish museums in Europe, but as the only institution of its kind in Switzerland (2010–2018).
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Marrying in U.S. or abroad first better for working purposes?
I'm a U.S. citizen and my fiance is from Ireland and interested in coming here to work for maybe a couple years as a truck driver (he already has the commercial license). We are trying to figure out what might be the best approach to accomplish this (not sure a work visa would really work) mostly so that he is not without work in either country for too long. It seems with a K-1 fiance visa he would have to wait here in U.S. to get the work permit for another 3 months after getting married within the 90 days, and he doesn't want to be out of work for that long (or do I have that wrong?). So it almost seems it would be better to go the K-3 route and either get married here and he goes back to Ireland (if that's possible?) or for us to get married over there first (not sure if it matters which?), so I can petition for him to come here with I-130 etc. Then he can work in his country in the meantime. This website also mentions just "immigrant visa" as an option but I'm not sure what that means. Any thoughts?
Right now EAD cards are taking more like 4-6 months, not 3.
So with the K1 & K3 it would take the same amount of time. K3 is faster to get someone to the US as opposed to Consular Processing but won't get the work authorization faster.
Basically, with K1, he gets the visa, you get married, & you file I-130/I-485/I-751/I-131. The EAD is attached to the I-485, not the I-130. The I-130 is YOUR petition for a relative. the I-485 is HIS application to adjust status. So let's say you're super prepared and you marry a week after he arrives in the US and you get the marriage docs a week or so later. He's looking at probably 5-7 months w/o work.
If you get married abroad & file the K3 application after you get the I-130 Receipt Notice, he comes to the US as a non-immigrant and applies for AOS in the US. He can apply for EAD immediately under a9 category, or he can file with the I-485. Either way, you're looking at 4-7 months.
If you marry abroad and go through Consular Processing, you'll be apart for a while but he would arrive in the US as an LPR and would immediately be able to work.
Basically, K1 gets you together the fastest, CP creates the least interruption with work.
K3 is obsolete and basically nobodies gets K3s anymore. If he is petitioned as a spouse after marriage and does Consular Processing abroad, he will get an immigrant visa directly. (An immigrant visa means he will immediately become a permanent resident the moment he enters the US with the immigrant visa.) If he is going to do Consular Processing, it doesn't matter if he marries here or there. There is just some risk that he would be denied entry when he comes to the US to marry if you guys decide to marry here.
Thank you very much! So if I understand, he could come here on his ESTA visa to marry, but could still go back home afterward then I could petition him as a spouse to come here on an immigrant visa and he can do the Consular Processing abroad?
Yes. Just bear in mind that if he comes here to get married, they might not believe that he will leave and he may be denied a visa. Certainly worth a shot, just something to consider.
Any other option besides K1 or ESTA?
Hi again, so now I'm wondering if there is a different kind of visa he could get besides using ESTA (since risky) or K1 (which would seem to force him to stay) in order to just get married here and he can return home afterwards? Thanks so much again.
To the extent of my knowledge, those are your only options for marrying in the U.S.
I just had an unofficial ceremony abroad and had my official marriage at courthouse in US when my fiance got to the US. If you get married in a different country first then technically your significant other wouldn't be coming on a k1 fiance visa, because she wouldn't be recognized as your fiance.
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Why is this drug prescribed: Erythromycin is an antibiotic used to treat many kinds of infections, including: Acute pelvic inflammatory disease Gonorrhea Intestinal parasitic infections Legionnaires' disease Listeriosis Pinkeye Rectal infections Reproductive tract infections Skin infections Syphilis Upper and lower respiratory tract infections Urinary tract infections Whooping cough Erythromycin is also prescribed to prevent rheumatic fever in people who are allergic to penicillin and sulfa drugs. It is prescribed before colorectal surgery to prevent infection.
Most important fact about this drug: Erythromycin, like any other antibiotic, works best when there is a constant amount of drug in the blood. To help keep the drug amount constant, it is important not to miss any doses. Also, it is advisable to take the doses at evenly spaced times around the clock.
How should you take this medication: Some forms of erythromycin are most effective when taken on an empty stomach. Your doctor may advise you to take each dose at least 1/2 hour and preferably 2 hours before meals. Delayed release formulations may be taken with or without food. If the drug upsets your stomach, taking it with meals may help. Ask your doctor whether this is advisable for you. Chewable forms of erythromycin should be crushed or chewed before being swallowed. Delayed-release brands and tablets and capsules that are coated to slow their breakdown should be swallowed whole. Do not crush or break. If you are not sure about the form of erythromycin you are taking, ask your pharmacist. The liquid should be shaken well before each use. --If you miss a dose... Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, and you take 2 doses a day, space the missed dose and the next dose 5 to 6 hours apart; if you take 3 or more doses a day, space the missed dose and the next one 2 to 4 hours apart. Never take 2 doses at the same time. --Storage instructions... The liquid form of erythromycin should be kept in the refrigerator; use E.E.S. within 10 days. Do not freeze. Store tablets and capsules at room temperature in a tightly closed container.
Why should this drug not be prescribed: You should not use erythromycin if you have ever had an allergic reaction to it or are sensitive to it.
Special warnings about this medication: If you have ever had liver disease, consult your doctor before taking erythromycin. If a new infection (called superinfection) develops, talk to your doctor. You may need to be treated with a different antibiotic. This drug may cause a severe form of intestinal inflammation. If you develop diarrhea, contact your doctor immediately. If you have myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness), it can be aggravated by erythromycin. When erythromycin is used to treat syphilis in pregnant women, it does not prevent the disease from infecting their babies. The infants should be treated after birth with penicillin. Prolonged or repeated use of erythromycin may result in the growth of bacteria or fungi that do not respond to this medication and can cause a second infection.
Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding: There is no evidence that erythromycin will harm a developing baby, but the possibility has not been completely ruled out. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately. Erythromycin appears in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. If this medication is essential to your health, your doctor may advise you to discontinue breastfeeding until your treatment is finished.
Recommended dosage: Dosage instructions are determined by the type (and severity) of infection being treated and may vary slightly for different brands of erythromycin. The following are recommended dosages for PCE, one of the most commonly prescribed brands. ADULTS: Streptococcal Infections The usual dose is 333 milligrams every 8 hours, or 500 milligrams every 12 hours. Depending on the severity of the infection, the dose may be increased to a total of 4 grams a day. However, when the daily dosage is larger than 1 gram, twice-a-day doses are not recommended, and the drug should be taken more often in smaller doses. To treat streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis or strep throat), erythromycin should be taken for at least 10 days. To prevent repeated infections in people who have had rheumatic fever, the usual dosage is 250 milligrams twice a day. Urinary Tract Infections Due to Chlamydia Trachomatis During Pregnancy The usual dosage is 500 milligrams of erythromycin orally 4 times a day or 666 milligrams every 8 hours on an empty stomach for at least 7 days. For women who cannot tolerate this regimen, a decreased dose of 500 milligrams every 12 hours or 333 milligrams every 8 hours a day should be used for at least 14 days. For Those with Uncomplicated Urinary, Reproductive Tract, or Rectal Infections Caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis When Tetracycline Cannot Be Taken The usual oral dosage is 500 milligrams of erythromycin 4 times a day or 666 milligrams every 8 hours for at least 7 days. For Those with Nongonococcal Urethral Infections When Tetracycline Cannot Be Taken The usual dosage is 500 milligrams of erythromycin by mouth 4 times a day or 666 milligrams orally every 8 hours for at least 7 days. Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae The usual treatment is three days of intravenous erythromycin followed by 500 milligrams orally every 12 hours or 333 milligrams orally every 8 hours for 7 days. Syphilis The usual dosage is 30 to 40 grams divided into smaller doses over a period of 10 to 15 days. Intestinal Infections The usual dosage is 500 milligrams every 12 hours, or 333 milligrams every 8 hours, for 10 to 14 days. Legionnaires' Disease The usual dosage ranges from 1 to 4 grams daily, divided into smaller doses. CHILDREN: Age, weight, and severity of the infection determine the correct dosage. The usual dosage is from 30 to 50 milligrams daily for each 2.2 pounds of body weight, divided into equal doses for 10 to 14 days. For pneumonia in infants due to chlamydia, treatment lasts at least 3 weeks. For more severe infections, this dosage may be doubled, but it should not exceed 4 grams per day. Children weighing over 44 pounds should follow the recommended adult dose schedule. For prevention of bacterial endocarditis, the children's dosage is 10 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight 2 hours before dental work or surgery, followed by 5 milligrams per 2.2 pounds 6 hours later.
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The word cliché can have a negative connotation — it can mean trite, shopworn, or empty. But clichés are important in daily life. If every word we spoke had to be creative and original, we'd run out of energy much earlier in the day, and we'd misinterpret each other even more often than we do.
Still, clichés do have a dark side. The more hurtful of them can become so familiar that we use them too frequently, because we forget how much they can sting. Here's Part II of my little collection of hurtful clichés. See "Hurtful Clichés: I," Point Lookout for July 13, 2005, for more.
Also: Are we clear? or, Clear?
Heard as: A command to say "Yes sir" or "Yes ma'm," as appropriate.
This is a question that really isn't a question. It's a threat. Threats have no place at work.
Heard as: What he has done is of no value.
This is an attack not only on the work that was done, but also on the wisdom of its author for having chosen to do that work. Raising questions about something so basic demeans the person as well, and erodes relationships.
Heard as: You think (incorrectly) that something is wrong.
Without actually conceding that there's a problem, the speaker is inquiring about the nature of the difficulty. Any progress begins with honoring your partner's perspective. Until your partner feels understood, you have little chance of moving forward.
Heard as: You're either stupid, or naïve, or maybe both.
take careHere the speaker uses a variant of the Straw Man rhetorical fallacy (see "Decision-Making and the Straw Man," Point Lookout for February 11, 2004) to ridicule the listeners' responses to what they heard.
Ridicule is toxic. There's no good way to gauge the gullibility of others, and it's usually irrelevant.
Can I make my point by asking myself a question and then answering it? Yes, absolutely.
Heard as: I can handle both sides of this conversation — your puny little mind is totally extraneous.
Some experience this technique as patronizing in the extreme. Although the arrogance of this approach is evident, it also sends a subtler message that the speaker is unwilling to permit the listener to frame the question.
Be direct. For instance, convert this: "Can we see the end? Not yet, but we're turning the corner," to this: "We can't yet see the end, but we're turning the corner."
Heard as: I'm so prescient that I anticipated your obvious point. And your point, though obvious, is insignificant.
Dismissing the intellect or contributions of your partner undermines the chance of achieving fruitful collaboration.
Better to address the point directly, without the commentary.
We sometimes use clichés as a means of achieving indirectness; indeed, that's one reason why phrases become clichés. For more on indirectness see "The True Costs of Indirectness," Point Lookout for November 29, 2006.
Would you like to see your comments posted here? [email protected] me your comments by email, or by Web form.
See also Workplace Bullying, Emotions at Work and Conflict Management for more related articles.
I offer email and telephone coaching at both corporate and individual rates. Contact Rick for details at [email protected] or (650) 787-6475, or toll-free in the continental US at (866) 378-5470.
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0.941038 |
The British Virgin Islands have been infused with people from many other islands and countries for many generations now, and this has turned the islands into a Caribbean and global melting pot. The population of British Virgin Island is approximately twenty thousand, with three quarters on Tortola. 50% of the population is made up of native British Virgin Islanders, with the rest comprised largely of nationals from other Caribbean countries. Of the total British Virgin Island population, ninety percent is of African descent, and the others of East Indian, Amerindian, and Middle Eastern descent, or white expatriates.
British Virgin Islands are a British overseas territory, located about 50 miles east of Puerto Rico, and northeast of US Virgin Islands. The islands and cays that comprise the British Virgin Islands are clustered around the Sir Francis Drake Channel.
Often referred to as "Nature's Little Secrets", these islands offer pristine beaches, several unspoiled anchorages, and exotic fauna and flora. The site is great for yachting, and is known as one of the best and safest sailing destinations in the world, with its consistent trade winds, nice weather, and a variety of isolated and fascinating bays to visit.
Tortola is the island's yachting capital, and the territory's main commercial center, with gorgeous, hilly slopes, blessed with tropical fruits and flowers. It is a perfect base from which to explore some of the other inhabited islands, including Virgin Gorda, known for its impressive geological formations, and one of the British Virgin Island's most popular landmarks.
The British Virgin Islands comprises a group of over 60 islands, islets and cays, located at the northwestern extreme of the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. These islands are adjacent to the US Virgin Islands at longitude 64.30W and latitude 18.30N. Most of the islands are volcanic in nature, though one island Anegada, located 30miles northeast of Tortola, consists of coral and limestone atoll.
The islands have tropical, temperate easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, and modest seasonal temperature variation. Temperatures in summer range from 79-88F, and between 72-82F in winter. Rainfall is unpredictable with occasional droughts.
The history of British Virgin Islands is rich in territorial disputes, piracy, and privateering. Though Carib Indians and Arawak occupied the islands as early as 100 BC, none of these early settlers ever reported encountering natives.
In 1500's the Spanish Empire claimed the islands after Columbus sighted it. Thereafter, territorial disputes cropped up among those wanting possession of the islands. Many parties laid claim, including the Dutch, British, French, and even pirates, but, by 1672, the islands were under British control, where they have since remained.
The Leeward Islands Colony, of which the British Virgin Islands were initially a part, was abolished in 1959. Then the British Virgin Islands attained separate colony status in 1960 and became independent in 1967. Today, the British Virgin Islands are a self-governing Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom.
Development on the islands was motivated widely by Laurence Rockefeller's contribution. In the 60's, he built the British Virgin Island's first luxury resort at Little Dix Bay, a victorious venture that many recognize as the start of the island's thriving tourism economy today. Tourism is now the island's principal trade, followed closely by offshore company registration.
Cane Garden Bay is the island's most popular beach, and the first choice for sunbathers, swimmers, water sports enthusiasts, and a preferred port for sailors. It is also the hub of Tortola's nightlife, featuring seaside bars, restaurants and Caribbean-style leisure. The curved bay is strewn with guesthouses and villas.
The impressive two-hectare gardens in the center of Road Town are a must for those fascinated by the tropical flora of the Caribbean islands. Pathways stretch beneath floral pergolas, within a mini rainforest, past a luxuriant mixture of exotic indigenous plants, waterfalls and ponds. Other attractions include the diverse tropical bird species and red-legged tortoises that have made the gardens their sanctuary.
The Baths are massive boulders that lie scattered along the island's amazing beaches forming scenic tidal pools and delightful grottos that encourage hours of exploration, swimming and snorkeling. The mesmerizing rock formations were caused by volcanic activity thousands of years ago, and today they are the most visited natural wonder in the region.
Nightlife on the British Virgin Islands includes classic beach bars. You'll find at least one good quality bar on each of the other major islands. The regular crowd at these sandy-footed spots includes: hammock swingers, daytime drinkers, and beach sunbathers. Not every spot offers good overnight moorings, so some spots clear out before sunset when the yachts hightail it to stable anchorages. Once the hook is dropped, the boaters are all set to boogie, which is why the British Virgin Island's best nightlife is adjacent to protected waters like Jost Van Dyke's Great Harbour, Norman Island's Bight, Tortola's Can Garden Bay, and Beef Island's Trellis Bay.
The citizens of the British Virgin Islands may have their roots in Africa, but their culture is firmly Caribbean. Christianity is the prevailing British Virgin Island religion, with 45% of the population Methodist, 21% Anglican, 18% Baptist or Pentecostal, and 6% Roman Catholic.
The British Virgin Islands culture is seen in its many art forms, including such home-grown music as fungi, a form of scratch band music. Music here also encompasses Caribbean imports, such as steel band music with melodic sounds originated in Trinidad, Reggae from Jamaica, and Salsa from Latin America.
The people's official language is English, with both formal and Creole variants spoken.
Dining in the islands is quite an experience. The menus vary from local Continental French to fine Florentine cuisine to West Indian. You can have a taste of diverse culinary arts while in the British Virgin Island, savor the excitingly delicious local foods from a lively history, and enjoy the melting pot of luscious cuisines indicative of the island's diverse population. Whether you enjoy a fun relaxed ambiance at one of the beach bars or a superb fine dining experience, they are all here for you to partake.
There is no shortage of first-rate restaurants serving authentic dishes. The traditional specialties are: Roti, a flavorful East Indian flat bread, filled with meat or vegetables; Pate, a dish baked or grilled, with ingredients including spiced meat, seafood or vegetables, stuffed into pita bread; or Fungi, a delicious mixture of cornmeal and okra, usually served with seafood, and probably the closest to Italian polenta in flavor and consistency.
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Note: If you want to add multiple lines, simply add rows below your data and ensure that all of the series plotted on the first vertical axis have a slight gap (less than the gap of the YTD figure plotted on the secondary axis). how to build a mechanical clock There are instances when there are data series plotted on both the primary and secondary axes. For example, suppose we want to plot the two series A and B in Figure 1, with the elements in column B as the x-axis values. The A series will be a column cart on the primary axis and the B series will be a line chart on the secondary axis.
Note: If you want to add multiple lines, simply add rows below your data and ensure that all of the series plotted on the first vertical axis have a slight gap (less than the gap of the YTD figure plotted on the secondary axis).
When the Chart values vary widely from data series to data series, or when you have mixed types of data (for example, units and volume), you can plot one or more data series on a secondary vertical (value) axis.
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0.99963 |
In order for this story to make any sense, you need to know two pieces of exposition.
Expository Bit #1: In 1981, nineteen year-old Timothy Hutton won the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for his performance in Ordinary People. Anyone who has seen the film can clearly understand why. It was a phenomenal performance, however nothing could possibly match Timothy’s acceptance speech. Sadly, a few scant months before the awards, Timothy’s father, actor Jim Hutton, died of liver cancer. Timothy dedicated his award to his father, amidst floods of tears. By the time he was finished, everyone in the audience was sobbing, too.
Expository Bit #2: In 1973, Jim Hutton made a low-budget horror flick called Don’t Be Afraid of the Dark. It was a wonderful bit of Americana-gone-wrong. In the film, a young couple moves to an abandoned farmhouse which, for some reason, has a bricked-up fireplace in the living room. The scary old caretaker (why is there always a scary old caretaker?) warns the couple not to unbrick the fireplace.
Which the wife (Kim Darby) immediately does. What she doesn’t know is that living in the fireplace, beneath the bowels of the house, are terrifying little creatures that like to reach up through the fireplace, grab people, and drag them down to their lair. The only thing the creatures are afraid of is light, and of course once the wife smashes through the bricks, the power goes out and, well, you can imagine what happens.
The point is, I loved this movie as a child (of course, I also loved The Exorcist) and was very sad when Jim Hutton died because I’d never get a chance to tell him how much I enjoyed this schlocky horror film.
In my third year of repertory, I somehow got shanghaied into entering a competition in which veteran, professional actors would be paired with schmos like me to perform various scenes. It was kind of like the Pro-Am Golf Tournament, only without Bob Barker. By sheer luck of the draw, I was paired with Timothy Hutton, whom I had never met but always thought was a marvelous actor. The whole competition was called An Evening With Noel Coward.
Timothy and I talked at great lengths about what we’d like to perform. We finally decided on Blithe Spirit, with me as Ruth and Timothy as Charles. Surprisingly, we both got very into it and we were determined to win. (I especially had a gripe with a very serious rival actress who was doing Private Lives, and I was determined to beat her).
In the weeks of rehearsal that followed, I kept trying to tell Timothy that I had been a fan of his father’s, but it just didn’t seem to work itself into conversation. Finally, with only a few days to go, I decided to just come out with it.
I blinked. “There’s a VCR in the green room,” I said.
“What are you doing tomorrow night?” he asked, grinning enthusiastically.
And that’s how it happened. Twenty-four hours later, Timothy Hutton and I were sitting in the green room, eating very bad store-bought popcorn and watching Don’t Be Afraid of the Dark.
We both jumped nervously a number of times, and for the rest of the rehearsal period we kept sneaking up behind each other and doing the scary voices that the creatures did in the film. Then we’d collapse in laughter and no one knew what the hell was wrong with us.
As it turned out, Blithe Spirit wound up taking second place, but I was consoled by the fact that I did end up beating the girl I hated.
Timothy, of course, went on to a stellar career and I still get a friendly feeling every time I watch him. Occasionally I get the urge to contact him and see if he remembers me and our terrifying night in the green room.
Only, you know, he might think I was weird.
Next time: The legendary Larry.
All summer, I have been trying (unsuccessfully) to obtain a temp job in some office somewhere since I won't get paid by Very Serious University again until the end of September, and I want to avoid debtor’s prison. On Wednesday, they finally called.
It was a two-day job. It was at the local field office of a Very Important Federal Government Agency which I can’t be specific about or I’ll go to Levonworth. The job payed a ridiculous amount of money--way more than the agency usually pays. Immediately suspicious, I asked what exactly I was supposed to do over there.
It seemed that some brainiac in Homeland Security has invented a new kind of metal detector. The Unnamed Agency is considering buying them. Before they shell our tens of millions of our tax dollars, they naturally want to conduct expensive tests.
My job would consist of walking through the metal detectors. All day. Apparently several hundred times. I had no idea why they just don't use government employees for this.
I was then told that after I finished testing them "unarmed," they were going to tape a knife to my thigh and see if I could get through with it. Well, I thought, I sort of need to shave my legs anyway. No biggie.
But wait, it gets even weirder! After the whole knife experiment, they would then give me a gun. An actual gun. I was supposed to conceal the gun somewhere on my person and try to get it through. I sincerely hoped they wouldn’t strip search me.
And here's the big one! Once I was finished with the gun, they were actually going to strap a bomb on my chest. With actual explosives. However, I was told I don't have to worry because "government explosives and demolition experts will be standing by." Yeah, that makes me feel a lot better. Thanks, guys.
(You would not believe the number of government forms I had to sign for this. I'm assuming that they're waivers so my family can't sue the federal government if I get blown up.) I also didn’t know how they would be able to drag this out for 16 hours, although I was told that there's actually a four hour orientation on the first day. Four hours. To explain about walking through metal detectors.
The following morning, I showed up at the government offices at 8:00. I went into the Visitor's Center and told the woman behind the desk that I was here for the "metal detector experiment."
"Fill this out." She passed me a form. "You're not allowed to go any further until you fill it out."
For some reason, the form seemed to deal with information about my car. She then gave me a visitor's pass and sent me over to a group of strangers who were also clutching forms and looking very confused.
Eventually, a very nice woman named Heather came in and told us to "get on the van,” which would then drive all of us to “an undisclosed location.” All of us got on the van. The van took us to a very scary-looking domed building which was surrounded by a 25 foot chain-link fence with barbed wire at the top. The driver of the van opened his window and punched some numbers into a keypad. The doors opened ominously.
"Wow!" said the guy in back of me. "It's just like when I was in prison!"
There was a woman named Lucille waiting for us outside the building. She ushered us inside and took us into a conference room where, she said, we needed to see a brief safety film.
I assumed that the film was pretty basic…telling us where the exits were and how to use the fire extinguishers. That sort of thing.
But no. The film dealt almost exclusively with "what to do in the event of a nuclear emergency." Really. There was a brief moment about fire extinguishers at the end, but mostly it was about where the bunkers are. Yes--bunkers.
We filled out another form, which was a non-disclosure agreement. Basically, we swore that we would never tell anyone what the results of the experiment were. Apparently, it's okay to talk about the experiment itself, though. (And, in case you’re wondering if it’s legal to blog about this, I showed the agreement to a lawyer friend and he said it was no problem.) Lucille collected the forms and shepherded us down the hall, then outside into a parking lot--apparently we were now going to "the lab."
For some reason, the entire paved lot was cluttered with lots and lots of suitcases, some of which were open and had clothes inside. There were literally hundreds of them. I asked, "what's all the luggage for?"
"It's not real luggage," said Lucille, in a low whisper.
Apparently, the engineers who work at that specific site are contracted to do extensive tests on luggage. I have no idea what the tests are or where the test luggage originally came from. It was bizarre.
"Don't worry. This isn't harmful. I've been scanned hundreds of times, and so far there's no brain damage." Thank you, Ted.
Bob got up. Bob talked exclusively about how proud we should be, and telling us that we're serving our country, and that we're fighting terrorism together. It was very inspiring. Lucille came back and told us that the next day the women are supposed to wear a one-piece bathing suit, a t-shirt, a button-down shirt over that, and sweat pants and bedroom slippers. The bathing suit is (and this is verbatim) "in order to protect us from the duct tape."
She then asked, enthusiastically, "do you want to see the machine?"
Of course we did. We all trooped out behind her down the hall to the lab. It doesn't look that scary, actually. It looks like a tollboth. Ted demonstrated it for us. He walked into it, planted his feet on a strip of tape, and held up his hands in the air like he was being held hostage. He stayed that way for 6 seconds, then told us we had to practice it.
Day Two started out exactly like Day One: Go to the Visitor's Center, fill out (more) forms, wait with my group, get on the van and drive to the "undisclosed location." We signed in (again) and got badges and waited in the hall. Finally, Heather lead us across the parking lot. We made our way through all the mysterious luggage again and ended up being herded into (yet another) conference room where we were briefed and introduced to the representatives from the electronics company that had actually built the scanners. We then had another pep talk by Bob and Ted about how important we were to their research.
We were all given lists of what weapons we would be given for each scan (each of us had about fifteen scans scheduled) and where on the body they needed to be placed. Reading it, I was extremely glad I had (1) shaved my legs, and (2) worn nice underwear. We were all given numbers, since they didn't appear to be interested in our names.
--Knives. Lots of knives. Steak knives, switchblades, folding knives, assassins blades, scaling knives, cleavers, choppers, dicers, and an axe.
We were also given a lot of inert objects like Chap stick, a pack of gum, mouthwash, and Tic-Tacs. We were told it was so they could test to see if the scanner was able to distinguish non-lethal items from weapons of approximately the same dimensions.
It was an impressive setup. We had to walk along a designated path to various stations. First we had to go to a table to get our weapons and to have our paper checked by the woman there. We then went into the dressing room with someone who helped us rig the weapons up to our bodies. Then we progressed into the actual scanner, which was being operated by a nice guy named Dan. Dan would yell out our number A guy who was hidden behind a wall would then yell; "Good scan!" and we'd go back to the dressing room, divest ourselves of the weapons, return them to the table where they were checked back in, and go back to the end of the line to do it all over again.
You'd think that with such precise planning everything would run smoothly. But no...after five minutes, things degenerated into what always arises when engineers attempt to interact with non-engineers; total chaos. People were wandering around the lab, deadly objects hanging off their bodies. The scanner kept malfunctioning. Dan kept pressing the button, frantically.
I was having problems of my own. My very long hair kept getting caught in the duct tape and I kept saying "Ow! Hair!" as the woman dressing me fretted. Also, I learned that removing duct tape from bare skin really, really hurts.
Then came an awful moment when one member of my group, who was obese, literally couldn't fit inside the scanner. We had to wait until the engineers dismantled it and re-configured it to accomodate him. Thoroughly freaked out by this point, Bob and Ted sent us all to lunch.
Because we were in a top-secret undisclosed location, we couldn't go to the cafeteria like normal people. We had been told to bring our lunch, so we chowed down in the conference room. Conversation was stilted since (1) we weren't allowed to talk about what we were doing, much like a sequestered jury, and (2) we already knew what we all did for a living--we were all temps. We gave up and read our books (good suggestion, Bob!) until one guy remembered he had a deck of cards.
We decided to play some poker, but of course we had all left our wallets at home (we were told not to bring them) and naturally no one had poker chips. Our problems were solved when one of the more personable engineers went to the warehouse and brought us back a box of five hundred rivets. We happily used them in lieu of chips and proceeded to play no limit hold 'em until Bob and Ted told us we were ready to go again.
Bob went on and on about how we made air travel safer for everyone and how much he appreciated us donating our time to the experiment. We didn't tell him that we were actually not really "donating" our time--that we were, in fact, being paid an obscene amount of money. In my case, I made more in two days than I do in a week as a professor.
Back in the van. Back to the Visitor's Center where they took my badges and where my car was.
I've thought a lot about it, and, weirdly, I really do feel like I helped make flying less dangerous. I was also sad, though, that we live in a world where an experiment like this is even necessary.
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The dire wolf (Canis dirus, "fearsome dog") is an extinct species of the genus Canis. It is one of the most famous prehistoric carnivores in North America, along with its extinct competitor, the sabre-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis. The dire wolf lived in the Americas during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs (125,000–9,440 years ago). The species was named in 1858, four years after the first specimen had been found. Two subspecies are recognized: Canis dirus guildayi and Canis dirus dirus. The dire wolf probably evolved from Armbruster's wolf (Canis armbrusteri) in North America. The largest collection of its fossils has been obtained from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles. Dire wolf remains have been found across a broad range of habitats including the plains, grasslands, and some forested mountain areas of North America, and in the arid savannah of South America. The sites range in elevation from sea level to 2,255 meters (7,400 ft). Dire wolf fossils have rarely been found north of 42°N latitude; there have been only five unconfirmed reports above this latitude. This range restriction is thought to be due to temperature, prey, or habitat limitations imposed by proximity to the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets that existed at the time. The dire wolf was about the same size as the largest modern gray wolves (Canis lupus): the Yukon wolf and the northwestern wolf. C. d. guildayi weighed on average 60 kilograms (132 lb) and C. d. dirus was on average 68 kg (150 lb). Its skull and dentition matched those of C. lupus, but its teeth were larger with greater shearing ability, and its bite force at the canine tooth was the strongest of any known Canis species. These characteristics are thought to be adaptations for preying on Late Pleistocene megaherbivores, and in North America its prey are known to have included horses, ground sloths, mastodons, bison, and camels. As with other large Canis hypercarnivores today, the dire wolf is thought to have been a pack hunter. Its extinction occurred during the Quaternary extinction event along with most of the American megafauna of the time, including a number of other carnivores, that occurred soon after the appearance of humans in the New World. Its reliance on megaherbivores has been proposed as the cause of its extinction, along with climate change and competition with other species, but the cause remains controversial. Dire wolves lived as recently as 9,440 years ago, according to dated remains.
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Is it a buzzword, or is it real? The short answer is, yes, placemaking is real; it is predicated on the idea that if you provide positive encounters, people will continue to come back for new experiences. Take Station Park in Farmington as a prime example of successful placemaking—with more than 125 retail, dining, service and entertainment partners, along with beautiful public spaces and a full office facility, people can literally spend their entire day at the complex.
Station Park brings people together in a variety of ways, with offerings that include relaxed and formal gathering spaces, event locations for business or family meetings and parties, outdoor events like open air concerts, along with a wide range of shopping, dining and entertainment options. Hyatt Place is situated at the northern part of Station Park and features 108 guest rooms, many offering breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. The Hyatt Place library, located just off the lobby, is a place for guests to relax and connect with each other and take in the abundant mountain views from the attached outdoor deck. The hotel’s indoor swimming pool completes and complements Hyatt Place’s placemaking with soft lounge chairs and an over-sized hot tub.
In earlier generations, members of the community gathered in designated public spaces such as parks and recreation centers, mirroring some of the earliest placemaking. Now, with public spaces being lost to residential and commercial development, there is a new and important place for locations like Station Park and its community gathering spaces. Station Park has a full schedule of activities and events, all year round. The Fountain View Event Venue is a sophisticated space for weddings, business events, meetings and parties. This spacious, second-story event venue includes all of the event essentials and an unmatched urban opulence.
Station Park provides numerous life enriching experiences for residents and upholds eco-friendly values for the good of the neighborhood and earth. With a mixed-use development that includes office, retail and public gathering spaces, Davis and Weber County communities benefit from minimized driving times, diminished pollution, convenient services and more. Having both work and play at a one-stop destination has a positive impact on the busy schedules of local families.
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0.984812 |
Julie, what are the most important characteristics of a lesson horse?
Here are a few things that spring to my mind when I think of the perfect school horse. First of all, SOUND! Although many of us use school horses with minor or chronic lameness issues, starting with a sound one is very important. On the same subject, good conformation is also important and both of these qualities lend themselves to longevity. I have a school horse that is 33 and we still use him occasionally for small children. He has been used hard all of his life as a trail and lesson horse and has never taken a lame step. If you want to keep your horses around for the long run, make sure you start with a sound and well-built horse.
Other issues that I would look at are age and gender. I would look at horses at least 13 years old; 15+ is even better because these horses have "been there and done that." Sometimes you can get really well-trained horses at a reasonable price in the 15+ range that have passed their peak performance level but still have many years left to teach riders what they know. You need horses with good life experience so that they are reliable in all settings.
I generally prefer geldings but I have had a few good mares for school horses. In nature, the mares in a herd are much more bonded than the male horses are and therefore mares like to form bonds with their riders and get burn-out changing riders all the time. Mares tend to test their riders more and can sometimes be more controlling and manipulative of their riders (these behaviors all have to do with natural herd behaviors). Geldings tend to punch-in and punch-out and do their job day in and day out, but a good mare is hard to beat and for that reason, we keep a couple around.
Some other important qualities for a potential school horse are that he is well-trained and well-mannered. This will slowly degrade with beginner students and will take constant maintenance, but best to start with a good one. Also, it should be smooth gaited so that riders stay on a little easier and mid to low in the pecking order, so as not to constantly challenge riders. Finally, an "easy-keeper" (easy to keep weight on) is an important quality for your budget.
These are the things that immediately come to mind. Of course, there are many more factors to consider when selecting school horses and depending on your program, these qualities may be prioritized differently. Any new horse to your string should be given an evaluation period to be ridden and evaluated by staff only, before transitioning the horse into your regular string.
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While much attention is focused on national policies intended to protect human health from environmental hazards, states can also prevent environmentally mediated disease through legislation and regulation. However, relatively few analyses have examined the extent to which states protect children from chemical factors in the environment.
Using Lexis Nexis and other secondary sources, we systematically reviewed environmental regulation and legislation in the fifty states and the District of Columbia as of July 2007 intended to protect children against neurodevelopmental disabilities and asthma.
States rarely address children specifically in environmental regulation and legislation, though many state regulations go far to limit children's exposures to environmental hazards. Northeast and Midwest states have implemented model regulation of mercury emissions, and regulations in five states set exposure limits to volatile organic compound emissions that are more stringent than US Environmental Protection Agency standards.
Differences in state environmental regulation and legislation are likely to lead to differences in exposure, and thus to impacts on children's health. The need for further study should not inhibit other states and the federal government from pursuing the model regulation and legislation we identified to prevent diseases of environmental origin in children.
Federal regulation of chemicals that are widely dispersed into the environment through industrial and other activities has proven successful in the reduction of childhood disease and disability. Reductions in exposure associated with the elimination from lead in gasoline in the United States resulted in IQs among preschool aged children in the 1990s that were 2.2–4.7 points higher than they would have been if those children had a distribution of blood lead levels found among children in the 1970s . Before the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) phase out of diazinon and chlorpyrifos, these two pesticides were frequently detected in the cord blood of New York City children and associated with decrements in birth weight and length. After these phaseouts, the pesticides and the association with predictors of cognitive potential were no longer detected . Local policy can also dramatically influence children's exposure to environmental chemicals, and result in reductions in childhood morbidity.
Restrictions instituted by the city of Atlanta on vehicular travel during the 2000 Olympic Games were associated with significant reductions in ambient ozone and in asthma acute care events .
States also can influence the environment in which children live, work (i.e., go to school), and play, both through public health programs and policies as well as environmental regulation and legislation. Public health programs and policies, such as fish advisories for mercury, can reduce exposure to chemical factors in the environment, but they are routinely implemented under broad public health authority, and no database exists to analyze how states implement programs to reduce chemical exposures under this authority.
National and international agencies have developed reports to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental legislation and regulation designed to protect children from environmental hazards. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed children's environmental health indicators so that countries can judge the effectiveness of their legislation and regulation. USEPA has produced reports on America's Children and the Environment which utilize data from extant national sources to evaluate trends in children's exposure to environmental chemicals and diseases of environmental origin over time .
We began by selecting chemicals which had sufficiently strong evidence to support a possible etiologic link with neurodevelopmental disabilities and asthma. In this effort, the authors relied heavily upon a recent systematic review of the industrial chemicals known to be neurotoxic in humans, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) text Pediatric Environmental Health. The AAP text was the authors' main source for identifying chemicals which had sufficiently strong evidence to support a possible epidemiologic association with the exacerbation or development of asthma. This approach yielded the following list of candidate chemicals for neurodevelopmental disabilities: pesticides, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), arsenic, dioxins, lead, and environmental tobacco smoke. We chose not to include perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), manganese, perchlorate and flouride due to the lack of high quality human studies. For asthma, the authors identified mold, volatile organic compounds, diesel exhaust, criteria air pollutants and environmental tobacco smoke as chemical factors with sufficient evidence for further analysis. As a secondary confirmation, we confirmed that these chemicals have been associated with impacts on neurodevelopment or asthma in one or more human studies.[15, 23–32] A lack of human studies prevented us from examining the impact of mixtures in assessing candidate chemicals in this study.
While "best practices" do exist for clinical and public health practice,[33, 34] few studies have compared the effectiveness of state-level regulatory/legislative interventions to reduce exposure. As the WHO indicators for children's environmental health are currently only designed to judge legislative and regulatory success, we could not use the WHO criteria to judge whether legislative or regulatory approaches were effective. We therefore relied upon knowledge of the exposure pathways, bioavailability and toxicity for each of these chemicals to judge regulation and legislation in different states with respect to the extent to which they could reduce burden of disease. Policies are identified in this manuscript if, based upon a review of the literature cited in this manuscript, they were judged by two of the authors to be able to reduce exposure to one of the chemicals that have been associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities or asthma. Those legislative and regulatory efforts that were judged by two of the authors to reduce exposure most effectively when fully implemented were identified as "model legislation" and "model regulation." A summary of the criteria used for each chemical exposure in judging legislation and regulation is provided below.
For pesticide exposures, the authors identified three major pathways – take-home exposures for children with parents who work in agricultural settings, residues from food sprayed with pesticides, and home exposures when pesticides are sprayed to treat infestations. Recognizing that these exposure pathways contribute to different degrees in individual children, the authors chose to weight each pathway equally in considering legislation and regulation. For arsenic, water contamination and dermal exposure through play on copper chromium arsenate wood were considered the most effective pathways, while soil contamination was identified as another contributor. Human milk exposure, the primary pathway for exposure to dioxin, was deemed unlikely to be immediately reduced through environmental regulation and legislation, and fish advisories were identified to be largely executed through broad public health authority. While dermal, ingestion and inhalational exposures to dioxin are likely to contribute less to children's daily exposure, we did compare states with respect to the regulation and legislation they have implemented to reduce exposures through these pathways.
Exposures to criteria air pollutants are largely a product of safety thresholds set by USEPA and federal legislation such as the Clean Air Act, but we considered state efforts to supersede these thresholds and to encourage clean fuel usage. We also considered school bus idling and retrofit programs for school buses given that children spend five days per week and nine months per year commuting to and from school. We also identified as models those regulations that could reduce exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC) and mold in schools given the many hours that young children spend in these environments, and the evidence that these exposures can contribute to asthma exacerbations. [45, 46] Building materials are more likely to contribute to VOC emissions in the long-term than furnishings or consumer products, and we therefore we considered as models those laws and regulations that could effectively limit these exposures. Programs to eradicate mold exposure in homes were identified as being implemented under broad public health authority, and therefore not included in this analysis.
We then proceeded to develop a search method for these chemicals to identify the relevant environmental regulation and legislation in each of the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Lexis-Nexis® (LN) is internationally known as the leading database for legal documents, and provides ongoing updates of legislative and regulatory activity in each of the fifty states. The State Codes, Constitutions, Court Rules & Advance Legislative Service combined group file contains the statutory codes, state constitutions, court rules and current laws from the fifty states. We began our analysis by running preliminary searches with each of the chemicals we identified in LN and made further refinements in the search terms to ensure that our search terms did not inadvertently exclude results on the basis of differing terminology or nomenclature. Table 1 presents the chemicals and the associated search terms we used for neurodevelopmental disabilities and asthma.
Heading "pesticide" AND "Integrated Pest Management" OR "integrated w/ pest w/ management"
Heading "pesticide" OR "pest" AND (full-text) "schools" or "daycare"
"pesticide" AND "notification" OR "notice" OR "notify"
"pesticide" in heading AND "exposure" AND "occupational" OR "worker" OR "employee"
"mercury" AND "incinerate" OR "incineration" OR "dispose" OR "disposal"
"mercury" AND "thermometers" OR "devices" OR "esophageal dilators, bougie tubes, gastrointestinal tubes" OR "blood pressure" OR "sphygmomanometers"
"Polychlorinated Biphenyl" OR "PCBs" AND "waste" OR "disposal" OR "dispose"
"Copper Chromium Arsenate" AND "wood"
"Pressure Treated Wood" AND "Arsenic"
"Arsenic" AND "maximum contaminant level"
Heading "Lead" AND "report" OR "reporting" OR "tracking"
Heading "Lead" AND "tax credit" OR "loan"
Heading "Lead" AND "prevent" OR "prevention" OR "education" OR "educate"
"mold" AND "indoor" OR "home"
When LN search results or secondary sources (see Table 1) referred to a specific state regulation, we subsequently obtained the regulation from the relevant state agency's website, and reviewed the entire statute for completeness. When our search results referred to another statute, we went directly to this statute and determined relevancy for the report. The relevant results (as of July 2007) were summarized for each chemical and policies were organized into issue area subgroups. For example, we divided the diesel exhaust legislation results into three distinct subgroups: diesel emissions, school bus policies, and diesel truck and commercial vehicle idling.
As we could not identify a previous published approach to analyzing state environmental regulation and legislation with regard to children's environmental health, we performed a final validity screen to our results. We compared our results using LN and secondary sources with those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program's review of state programs for lead, the American Lung Association's review of state tobacco regulation and legislation, and the review performed by National Conference of State Legislatures for other chemical exposures.
Having divided the results of our search into issue area subgroups, two of the authors assessed whether the legislation/regulation could actually reduce children's exposure. Two of the authors then compared effectiveness of the regulatory/legislative initiatives, and identified the regulatory/legislative initiatives that could most effectively reduce exposure. These initiatives were identified as "models" for other states to consider. The results presented below represent a comparison of states with respect to approaches they have taken to protect children from neurodevelopmental disabilities and asthma, and an identification of those enacted laws and regulations that are most likely to prevent disease and disability from environmental exposures. We identify these laws and regulations as "model legislation" and "model regulation" to call attention to them in the subsequent section.
With the exception of lead, state environmental regulation and legislation rarely addressed children specifically. However, states did vary in the number of approaches that were intended to protect the general public and effective in limiting morbidity from neurotoxic exposures.
In the five categories of lead paint that we examined (screening, data tracking, lead abatement funding, lead prevention programs, and lead paint bans), eleven states had regulation or legislation in four or more areas, twenty-eight had in two or more, and thirty-six (and the District of Columbia) had policies in at least one area (Figure 1). We identified only thirty states which statutorily require screening, but also found that nearly all states have established a screening program through broad public health authority. This was the only area in which our validity screen yielded different results from that which we obtained using our base methodology. Many states exceeded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines that encourage screening of high risk children by requiring mandatory screening of all children. Massachusetts has model regulation that most proactively identifies children with lead poisoning by requiring the most intensive screening regimen, with the first test done between the ages of 9 and 12 months, followed by testing at ages 2 and 3. Children in high risk areas must also be tested at age 4 years.
Comparison of State Lead Regulation/Legislation.
Most states statutorily require the tracking of elevated lead levels: some states require the reporting of all results, while others require the reporting only of elevated lead levels, often defined as ≤ 10 μg/dL. Statutes in California and New Jersey require that databases contain geographical data that can be used to map locations where lead poisoning has occurred, which permits further targeting for lead hazard abatement efforts and primary prevention. A number of states also have implemented legislation that is likely to be extremely effective in preventing childhood lead poisoning, ranging from tax credits to grants and loans for lead abatement (Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Missouri and Minnesota). Many states have limited or banned the use of lead paint in common products that are accessible to children, such as toys, but these efforts are less likely to reduce the burden of lead poisoning than programs to eliminate lead-based paint hazards in homes.
In limiting mercury exposure, multiple states in the Northeast and Midwest have instituted model legislation to prevent prenatal methylmercury toxicity (Figure 2). Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maryland, Michigan and Pennsylvania have implemented model regulations that protect children from this neurotoxic exposure by lowering mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants to 80–90% of 1990 levels. While USEPA has banned use and manufacture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), another fish contaminant that has been documented to cause damage to the developing brain, twenty-eight states also have statutes regarding its disposal. California bans the incineration of PCB containing materials while Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Minnesota and North Carolina limit it or have notification requirements for PCB incineration.
Comparison of State Mercury Regulation/Legislation.
Twenty-six states and the District of Columbia have enacted model legislation that bans smoking in all, or virtually all, public places such as bars, restaurants, places of employment, schools and child-care centers, and three more states ban smoking in most public places. Of the twenty-one states that have not enacted wide-ranging indoor-smoking bans, virtually all of them ban smoking in schools, daycare and healthcare facilities, although some states permit smoking in designated areas.
While twelve states require Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for school grounds and/or public lands, only California, Texas, and West Virginia require the use of least toxic pesticides, which is most likely to reduce risk for neurodevelopmental impact. California also has enacted legislation that requires notification for pesticide spraying in other public facilities such as parks, going so far as to requiring the posting of bilingual signs. Maine and New Hampshire require public notification for aerial spraying. These laws empower parents somewhat to prevent exposure, and should be considered as a model approach for other states to prevent disease, but not a very good model in that it gives the citizen a "choice" to essentially restrict his/her activities or those of his/her family in order to accommodate the application of pesticides. More effective approaches would limit use of pesticides in public places to the least toxic available or eliminate pesticide use entirely. California is the only state to ban pharmaceutical use of Lindane, an organochloride pesticide used to treat lice and scabies.
A number of states have enacted other pesticide regulations that are less likely to reduce children's exposure to pesticides. Louisiana and Pennsylvania require schools to maintain a pesticide sensitivity registry, and Michigan, Colorado and Washington maintain registries of patients who are certified by a physician to be sensitive to pesticide use, so that they receive prior notification before pesticide use in their area. These registries unfortunately do not fully recognize the scientific knowledge that pesticides can cause toxicity to the developing brain in populations who are not classified as sensitive. New York has a registry to track all pesticide use in the state, which may be useful to guide studies for possible etiologic associations, but have limited promise otherwise to prevent disease.
Recent federal activity has resulted in a lower maximum contaminant level for arsenic (10 parts per billion) in water and a voluntary withdrawal of arsenic-containing wood products from market. With the exception of California, which required a disclosure for bottled water with arsenic levels between 5 and 10 parts per billion in October 2007, states have thus far pursued few additional efforts besides funding programs to remove arsenic from water supplies (California and New Mexico). Through our systematic review, we identified no state with a lower maximum contaminant level than USEPA, even though toxicity has been documented at lower levels of exposure. North Carolina has prohibited chromated copper arsenate-treated wood for future use on school grounds, and requires testing for arsenic in new private wells. No state has proceeded to implement regulation or legislation that bans the sale of chromated copper arsenate treated wood, though a plan has been announced by USEPA to have producers voluntarily cease sale of this wood.
States have also undertaken a number of statutory efforts to limit dioxin contamination, monitor and limit its emissions, or outright ban it. While some states have instituted caps on dioxin emissions from waste treatment facilities and require testing of dioxin emissions, Maine, New Jersey and New Hampshire have model regulation that requires "best available" technology be used to limit dioxin emissions. Maine also has established a "Dioxin Monitoring Program" to test for levels near wastewater treatment plants and fish in their waters. New Hampshire has enacted model legislation that bans building of new medical waste incinerators and will prohibit all medical waste incineration, a major source of dioxin exposure, by 2014. A number of states have banned dioxin in dust-mitigating compounds and the District of Columbia and Georgia have banned the use of all dioxin containing materials for dust suppression or road treatment. Further, action levels for remediation vary widely across states. Oregon requires action at 3.9 parts per trillion (ppt), while Minnesota requires action at 200 ppt.
We identified few states that specifically designed regulation and legislation to protect children from asthma, but did identify a number of approaches that many states took to protect the whole population and also are effective in limiting morbidity from childhood asthma. In the previous section, we described differences in state legislation and regulation with regard to tobacco smoke, which is associated with impacts on neurodevelopment and asthma. California has consistently protected children by exceeding federal diesel emissions requirements, instituting a cap on particulate matter emissions beginning in model year 2004. Several years later, the federal government implemented similar regulations including requiring ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel and capping particulate matter emissions from heavy duty engines. Three other states have implemented additional diesel policies including emissions testing and purchasing of low emission vehicles for use by state agencies. In addition, fourteen states have implemented legislation or regulation that limits the time allowed for idling of diesel-fueled commercial vehicles.
To limit exposures in the school setting, four states have implemented legislation or regulation that limits the time allowed for school bus idling and/or requires a minimum distance for the parking of buses near school buildings (Figure 3). However, Connecticut is the only state to explicitly enforce these limits and ensure that these regulations have their intended effect of protecting children by making it a finable infraction to leave a school bus idling for more than three consecutive minutes. Ten states have implemented retrofit programs for school buses, but only Rhode Island has required that these retrofit programs will be implemented by September 2010, thereby reducing exposures to children most immediately and effectively. Other state retrofitting programs have uncertain impact in reducing childhood exposures because they only provide inducements (e.g., grants) to encourage implementation. The Rhode Island legislation also requires that newer buses either be retrofitted with a crankcase ventilation system; a model year 2007 or later engine; or the use of alternative fuels, such as compressed natural gas, which achieve reductions of diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions.
School Bus Regulation/Legislation Among States.
Illinois, Maine, and New York have passed legislation that most effectively reduces exposure to VOCs in school indoor air by requiring schools to phase in the use of green cleaning products. In contrast, Connecticut only requires air quality testing for compounds such as VOCs in school buildings built or renovated in 2003 or beyond, and Maryland only requires portable classrooms to be built with materials that have low VOC content. Several states including Connecticut, West Virginia, and Wisconsin have set specific indoor air quality standards for schools. Of the nine states have policies for indoor air quality monitoring and/or assessment for public and/or private dwellings, only five states have taken the most effective approach of establishing specific standards or guidelines for indoor air quality. Oregon is the only of these states that has enacted regulations that most effectively protect children by requiring an adequate margin of safety for sensitive populations. Nine states have included indoor air quality improvements in the definition of energy savings measures that are eligible for tax breaks or other financial incentives, or exempt from regulatory limitations. These fiscal incentives are also very effective approaches that other states should consider to encourage limitation of indoor air pollutants that increase morbidity from asthma.
Five states have more aggressive safety thresholds than USEPA for volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from indoor materials or consumer products. Of these, California and Rhode Island have implemented model regulation that most proactively protects children by banning the sale or manufacture of products with VOC levels greater than state standards, while Maine has model regulation that bans the sale or manufacture of any "architectural or industrial maintenance coating," manufactured after January 2006, that contains VOCs in excess of specific standards. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 establish tighter VOC emission standards for automobiles and trucks and also set minimum requirements for a fee system for VOC emissions . Many states have implemented policies to reduce VOC emissions and impose emissions fees as well. Five states provide financial incentives or other benefits for "clean fuel" with low VOC emissions. Three states require or recommend the use of clean fuel or clean fuel vehicles, and one state has established working groups to study clean vehicle implementation.
Seven states have legislation that specifically require the disclosure of mold on property transactions, and Virginia has model regulation that requires landlords to disclose any "visible evidence" of mold and permits tenants to break a lease within five days if the landlord reports there is visible mold. Four states have policies that address mold in school buildings; of these, California has model regulation that requires school districts to ensure that schools are in "good repair," including no evidence of mold. Nine states created specific mold programs or working groups to assess mold issues in the state, and several states have public education programs.
Our analysis identified few regulations or laws that are specifically intended to protect children. Nonetheless, we identified a number of states that have implemented measures to protect the general public that also are effective in limiting morbidity from asthma and neurodevelopmental disabilities in children. Some of these measures, such as establishment of incentives for lead hazard abatement, reduction of mercury emissions, requirements for schools to phase in green cleaning products, and limits on school bus idling are models that other states and the federal government may wish to consider in the interest of preventing childhood disease.
We limited our analysis to those chemical factors in the environment that have been associated with an increased risk of developmental disability or asthma. There are no doubt other important policies that states have pursued to limit other exposures of concern for children. Our approach did not compare policies regarding polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a type of flame retardants for which there is laboratory evidence to support toxicity of animals, but not in humans. Nine states have banned the use or sale of products containing Penta- or Octa-PBDE, while three states have authorized studies of the hazard posed by use of Deca-PBDE, and Washington has banned its use outright. More human studies are needed to identify whether these legislative interventions may indeed have prevented neurodevelopmental disabilities in children.
We do comment that the absence of a regulation or legislation may underrepresent the effort devoted by states to debating the importance of these issues. Another important caveat to our analysis is that some states may choose not to enact regulation or legislation to limit exposures for contaminants that are not commonly experienced or do not originate in that state. Given that most coal-fired power plants are located in the Northeast and Midwest, efforts to limit mercury emissions from these sources in Southeastern states may not reduce methylmercury contamination of fish eaten by women and children in those states. Nonetheless, we identified many gaps in environmental regulation and legislation that could prevent disease and disability in all states. Lead paint hazards do not obey state boundaries, yet many states have not implemented programs to accelerate process towards eradication of these hazards. Similarly, chloralkali plants are largely located in the Southeast, yet we identified no regulation in those states to limit mercury emissions from these sources.
It is important to note that some state regulations may also result in benefits that cross political boundaries. Regulation of mercury emissions by coal-fired power plant in the Northeast and Midwest prevents mercury pollution from being swept by air currents into the Southeast and may reduce contamination in fish caught elsewhere but sold in the Southeast or other parts of the country. We also applied the same evaluation approach to each state, when in actuality, some policy measures may be more important than others. In agricultural states, legislation preventing take-home exposures from agricultural workers may be more important, while legislation regarding integrated pest management may be more important in more densely populated, urban states. State government officials may wish to view our analysis with this caveat, and researchers may wish to study the impact of "lab experiments" in which states with highly prevalent risks manage them with legislation that reflects local contexts. Our approach also fails to highlight special risks experienced by vulnerable subpopulations of children with genetic predispositions or coexisting exposures that may have additive/synergistic effects.
Further research is also needed to examine the impact of interest groups in shaping how epidemiologic knowledge is translated into policy. The openness and responsiveness of the various state legislatures to adopting model legislation or regulations may be an important determinant of health in its own right. It is beyond the scope of this paper to analyze the historical underpinnings of the legislation and regulation we identified, and this too could be an important area for further research.
Our analysis represents the first published systematic review of children's environmental health legislation at the state level, and we recognize that our approach may not be perfect. However, our validity screen identified only one significant difference between our results and those from other sources – for lead screening. We recognize that the AAP's support and educational efforts to encourage provider screening may be as important if not more so to the prevention of lead exposure, and thus a comparison of states by this metric only provides one perspective on a larger problem. We did not analyze funding of lead screening programs, or effectiveness of state health departments in executing lead abatement where affected children live.
By eliminating public health programs and policies from our analysis, we did eliminate good initiatives which states have implemented to limit children's exposure to hazardous chemicals. Fish advisories are likely to reduce prenatal exposure more immediately than future reduction of mercury emissions of coal-fired power plants. We also comment that we did not analyze efforts by states to perform the necessary inspection and testing to confirm enforcement of environmental legislation and regulation. These are important caveats to judgments that policy makers and the public should consider in weighing the results of our analysis.
Recognizing these limitations, the differences in environmental regulation and legislation we identified are likely to lead to differences in exposure. Reduction of children's exposure to diesel exhaust, a known human carcinogen and exacerbant of asthma , is likely to have quantifiable impact on children's health as well. Lead and mercury [37, 56] exposure each pose significant economic burdens on America, and reduction of these exposures is likely to result in economic benefits to those states that pursue prevention of environmental hazards. Policy makers may wish to consider the model legislation and regulation we identified for their own states as a proactive investment in the future health of their states' children.
We identified a number of environmental issues for which states exceeded federal standards for environmental protection. While federal regulation and legislation can produce greater uniformity in prevention of childhood disease and disability across states, political and other considerations can prevent enactment of federal law even when scientific evidence abounds to support efforts to limit exposure. Policy makers in the states do not have the luxury of waiting for research to unfold in considering regulation and legislation, and must weigh the scientific evidence for prevention against the many social and political factors that diminish or enhance interest in protecting children's health. Our analysis suggests that many states have many opportunities for improvement, and need not be original in developing new legislation. As Justice Louis Brandeis stated in a 1932 US Supreme Court case, "It is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country." . The states truly serve that President Thomas Jefferson envisioned for them as policy laboratories for children's environmental health, and provide opportunities for improvement in federal policy as well.
Few states have regulations or laws that are specifically intended to protect children from environmental hazards but many states that have implemented measures to protect the general public that also are effective in limiting morbidity from asthma and neurodevelopmental disabilities in children. Some of these measures are models that other states and the federal government may wish to consider in the interest of preventing childhood disease.
Funding for this research was provided by the Beldon Fund. We wish to thank Tracey Easthope and Genevieve Howe of the Michigan Network for Children's Environmental Health, William Weil of Michigan State University and Ted Schettler of the Science Environmental Health Network for their comments regarding a draft of this manuscript.
LZ and ES collected the primary data and performed the preliminary analysis of state environmental regulation and legislation. LT conceived the study and obtained primary funding, and PJL and LT reviewed and refined the analysis of state environmental regulation and legislation.
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0.999678 |
Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it, and manipulate time create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.
Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats.
The arrival of the Beat Generation in the 1950s marked the beginnings of a major cultural turning point in the United States. Headed by writers such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsburg, the Beat movement infused literature with a new sense of adventure and spontaneity, as evidenced in such lasting works as Kerouac’s On the Road and Ginsburg’s "Howl." The subject matter, which often delved into discussions of sexuality, drug use, and nonconformity, proved to be a harbinger to the counterculture movement of the 1960s.
One of the major influences on Beat writers like Kerouac was music. Kerouac found the energy and excitement of bebop jazz to be particularly inspiring. Indeed, the frenetic, improvisational, scattered structure of bebop music can be found threaded through Kerouac’s writing, which often echoes the loose and nontraditional structure of the music. Bop musicians like Charlie Parker, Thelonius Monk, and Dizzy Gillespie are mentioned in several Kerouac pieces. Their virtuosic performance style is captured with deep reverence in Kerouac’s descriptions.
The lesson that follows attempts to show students how music such as this can influence literature.
Students will first listen to four pieces of music, each from the late 1940s or early 1950s, the time during which the Beat Movement took root. Of these four pieces, two ("Buttons & Bows" by Dinah Shore, and "Someone to Watch Over Me" by Frank Sinatra) have a much more traditional structure. The latter two songs ("Salt Peanuts" by Dizzy Gillespie, and "Thrivin’ on a Riff" by Charlie Parker) are examples of the looser, more up-tempo bebop jazz genre.
By paying attention to factors such as tempo, structure, instrumentation, and tone, students should be able to identify and vocalize how these latter two songs differ from the first two.
Students will then need to apply their findings to a piece of literature, an excerpt of the Kerouac piece "San Francisco Scene," in which he describes the sights, sounds, and feelings of the Beat/Bop lifestyle. By listening to Kerouac’s narration, and by closely examining Kerouac’s writing choices regarding pacing and wording, students should be able to find meaningful connections between it and the Parker and Gillespie pieces, and therefore demonstrate their understanding of how one art form can influence and be reflected in another.
This lesson should lead into further discussions of Kerouac and the Beat Generation’s style, subject matter, and cultural importance.
How do different styles of music distinguish themselves from each other?
How can different songs be more or less structured than others?
How can music influence literature?
How can literature and music capture the mood of a certain time period?
Tempo: Does it stay the same, does it switch up (get faster, slower)? Is it hard or easy to follow?
Instruments: Do any sounds stand out or seem to take over the song? What do you hear?
Energy: How do you feel as you listen? Does the music seem calm or more active and peppy? How might people dance to this?
Structure: Does the song stay pretty much the same in terms of the pacing, notes, and instruments? Does it change? Is it predictable or a little erratic? Is formal or informal?
After listening to all of the songs, have students discuss their findings with their partners or groups. Students should consider the following questions and take notes on their worksheets.
Did you have similar reactions to these pieces?
What were some of the things you both noticed?
Can you come to any agreement on these songs?
If you had to group the songs into pairs, which ones would go together? Explain why.
Provide students with the "San Francisco Scene" handout and play the recording for students so they can read along while listening.
After listening once, have students read the excerpt again, highlighting specific words or sentences that stand out. Just as with the musical samples, ask students to keep track of the tempo and structure of this piece, paying close attention to how it sounds. Remind them to also keep track of punctuation, considering whether it follows the rules when it comes to sentence structure. After closely reviewing the piece, have students answer the Reading and Processing questions included on their handout.
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Did Jews Edit the Bible?
About 100 years ago (late 1800's and early 1900's) a common conclusion among Christian apologists was that Jews had edited the bible in order to remove Christological passages and in general to undermine Christian theology in the Old Testament. This claim was made due to advancements in Christian apology which admitted that many of the quotes made by New Testament authors (such as Paul or Matthew) had no foundation in the Jewish scriptures. The apologists concluded then that the Jews must have altered the old testament Hebrew so as to claim that the Christian texts were in error. Of course, this claim ignores the second possibility (that the Christians were the ones who altered the Hebrew). Luckily it is an easy matter to get to the bottom of this controversy once and for all.
The idea seems to make plausible sense at first glance; after all, would the writers of the New Testament really commit such a grave and grievous error? Would they really write something which was so obviously untrue? It would almost serve to undermine their case for Christianity. For if they were proven to be liars then obviously they would be false prophets. Therefore the claim is made that when the New Testament was originally written, the Old Testament would have read similar or exactly as written in the New Testament.
As this argument is made today it will usually hinge on the use of a translation such as the the Septuagint or the KJV. For example, Daniel 9:24-27 in the King James Version is well-known to be a remarkably poor translation; but (some) KJV-only enthusiasts (may) insist that it holds the original meaning and that (perhaps) sometime between now and 1611 the Hebrew scriptures had been altered. Even in cases where an alteration is not alleged, some people erroneously believe that the KJV is an inspired translation (see: Is the KJV inspired). Then (if the KJV was inspired, as the theory goes), the KJV could be granted ecumenical authority to alter doctrine as found in the Old Testament. This is only to admit that if and only if such a translation was authentic, preserved, or inspired, could it provide reasonable grounds for making the claim that the Hebrew scriptures had been altered instead.
It's unlikely for quite a number of reasons. First you will note that this was framed as a question often asked 100+ years ago. The reason why people stopped asking this question is because of the Dead Sea scrolls. All Christian scholars today admit that the Jewish scriptures we have today are virtually identical (99.9%+) to the text found in the Dead Sea scrolls – they have simply not been altered. Neither prior to, nor after the lifetimes of Herod, Jesus or Paul, or since then. Needless to say these texts all also concur with the Leningrad Codex and the Aleppo Codex. So we know in a very strong way now that the Jews have never added to or removed anything from the Bible.
Jews from different communities all over the world all agree on the contents of the Torah (Old Testament) without exception; the same Torah is used by all Jews all over the world.
For example Jews in Yemen use the same Torah as Jews in America.
Thus if the Torah was changed, it would have had to have been the greatest conspiracy of all time, involving hundreds of millions of Jews. This is very unlikely.
Scribes are taught a variety of methods to avoid error when copying the Torah. A proper Torah must be copied according to Jewish Law or it is not considered fit for use.
All the known errors are recorded and passed down, taught to scribes, so if any new errors were found that were not on the list, they would be detected.
The Torah is written forty-two lines to a column and the exact number of characters per line, per book and per Torah is known and counted while copying. This makes errors of omission or addition instantly recognizable; the layout of the entire Torah would change.
The discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls shows that the Masoretic texts (c. 1000AD) are virtually identical to the texts used prior to the birth of Jesus.
There are a small number of spelling errors made in the Dead Sea scrolls, and in no place is any doctrinal difference effected.
The spelling and grammatical errors and sloppy writing show these scrolls were not produced by professional scribes and may have been for personal or instructional use.
Later research suggests that the Qumran area was used to dispose of writings which were not considered fit for use (either too old, or improperly copied) which would explain why a large number of scroll fragments in otherwise good condition apart from a few spelling mistakes would be found there.
In fact, most Christian apologists don't bother with this topic anymore because of the Dead Sea scrolls and the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language in Israel. To change this one would have to bring a significant amount of new evidence to the table. I don't think that is possible at this stage.
Further, it seems dangerous for the Christian to raise such an issue because it inevitably leads to a discussion on how the New Testament has corrupted the word of God, a statement which seems to have no easy response.
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What is it like to be a Sports analyst?
A sports analyst gives expert opinion about sporting games and training. Analysts are often former athletes with vast knowledge of the rules, regulations and history of a sport.
Their work involves extensive research, including the analysis of statistics and the study of archival video and data files. Sports analysts will often work for media outlets such as television or radio or with sporting institutes.
Sports analysts are passionate about sport and love to discuss and focus on the specifics of a sporting event.
You will also need a degree or expertise in the journalism field and have a thorough knowledge and understanding of statistics.
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0.988 |
Can ribose help fibromyalgia? In case you don't know, ribose is a sugar. We make ribose naturally and it helps us make energy and form our genetic materials, DNA and RNA. Over the last several years, ribose has been marketed as a treatment for fibromyalgia. I first reviewed ribose in my book on supplements a few years ago (I was one of the first, if I do say so myself), but because of a question from my friend Teresa Giordano, a personal trainer in Maryland, I thought I’d take a fresh look at ribose and see if anything has changed. I admit, while I do have some questions, I am intrigued with the idea that ribose might help fibromyalgia. That said, what I want to do here is review the research so you make your own decision.
There is research on ribose and fibromyalgia. As far as I can tell the idea that ribose helps fibromyalgia symptoms became popular in 2004 when an interesting case study of a doctor with fibromyalgia was published in the journal Pharmacotherapy. After having only limited success with physical therapy and pain meds, she started using Ribose.
Why this doctor started taking ribose is unknown because up to this time, ribose was mostly marketed as a heart health supplement.
The brand used was [easyazon_link keywords=”Corvalen Ribose” locale=”US” tag=”mscscs-20″]Corvalen Ribose.[/easyazon_link] She took 5 grams of ribose twice a day (10 grams total per day). After 2 weeks, she started to notice better sleep and mental alertness and a decrease in joint pain and more normal bowel movements.
After another 6 weeks of using ribose, she reported major improvements in her symptoms.
Here is where things get interesting. A month later, the doctor decided to stop using ribose to see what would happen. Within 1 week, her fibromyalgia symptoms started to reappear. She then started Corvalen brand of ribose taking again (10 grams a day) and within 2 weeks her fibromyalgia symptoms started to get better again.
Then, after 30 days, she once again stopped taking ribose. Her fibromyalgia symptoms reappeared once again. When she again started taking ribose, her symptoms subsided. As far as we know she is still taking the Corvalen ribose supplement and her symptoms are gone.
This seems to be the most interesting evidence to date for the idea that ribose helps fibromyalgia symptoms.
I was intrigued with this case study because the person was a doctor and she basically performed an experiment on herself to see if ribose was actually helping her fibromyalgia.
That said this is only a case study. Case studies usually only involve 1 person and usually get written up because a doctor notices something unique or out of the ordinary. I would have liked this better if if involved 100 people but even so, this finding is intriguing.
This case study was published in 2004. It would be nice to know if this doctor is still taking the Corvalen ribose supplement and if it’s still keeping her free from fibromyalgia symptoms. Unfortunately she was never identified in the case report (the people in case reports are usually anonymous ).
In 2006 a ribose fibromyalgia treatment study was published in the Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine. This study consisted of 41 people with fibromyalgia and /or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
Of the 41, 36 people finished the study. Most of the participants were women. The people in the study were given 5 grams of ribose 3 times a day (15 grams of ribose total per day). Each person was given a container that had 280 grams of ribose and a questionnaire to complete so that they could report to the researchers how they felt after taking ribose. The supplement used in this study was [easyazon_link keywords=”Corvalen ribose” locale=”US” tag=”mscscs-20″]Corvalen ribose[/easyazon_link].
Since people were taking 15 grams of ribose per day, technically the study should have only lasted about 19 days (280 ÷ 15 = about 19 days) but on average it took people about 25 days to finish the ribose.
At the end of the study, 23 out of the 35 people (65.7%) reported that ribose helped them feel better according to the questionnaires they returned to the researchers.
The people’s responses ranged from “somewhat better” to “much better”. The researchers report that ribose caused a “significant improvement” in energy, sleep;, mental clarity;, pain intensity and well-being as well as an improvement in patients' global assessment” (how they felt overall).
A problem of this study was that it was technically a pilot study. A pilot study is basically a preliminary investigation that’s used to determine if something is worth researching further. As I write these words, it doesn't appear that the researchers have published any other studies. Why? Another issue with this study is that there was no placebo group.
I also found a little typo in the study. At one point they say the average length of ribose use was 25 days but later they say it was 28 days. It’s a minor error and no study is “perfect” but it does make me wonder if there are any other problems.
Also, of the 3 investigators in this study, one was a Valen Labs consultant and the other was an employee of Valen Labs. Valen Labs is the maker of Corvalen, the ribose supplement used in this study . The chief investigator appears to have no connection to Valen labs and donated his compensation to charity. This is all clearly stated at the end of the study.
As I write these words, the case study the pilot study seem to be the only evidence that ribose helps fibromyalgia.
A study published in 2012 also noted that Corvalen ribose helped people who had chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). This study involved 253 people with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. People were given 5 grams of Corvalen ribose per day for 3 weeks.
The researchers reported that ribose produced significant improvements in energy, mental clarity, sleep quality and overall well being.
This is an interesting study but one problem is that it was an open label study and had no placebo group. An open label study means that the researchers knew who was getting the treatment (in this case, ribose). While these studies have merit they are not as good as a blinded study, where the researchers do not know who is getting the treatment.
The idea is that if you knew who was getting the treatment (ribose) you might subconsciously treat those people differently or let your own feelings influence the outcomes.
Ribose and Fibromyalgia: How Does It Work?
I haven’t seen a good explanation of how ribose helps fibromyalgia. On the website of the company that makes Corvalen ribose they say it “helps your body make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell”.
Ribose does help us make ATP, our main energy molecule. There is some research on ATP and fibromyalgia. For example, one review noted that elevated ATP may be linked to fibromyalgia pain. Conversely, another study found that those with fibromyalgia had lower ATP levels inside blood platelets. Still others think magnesium is linked to fibromyalgia.
The bottom line is that nobody knows what causes fibromyalgia.
What Type of Ribose Helps Fibromyalgia?
So far, the published evidence seems strongest for a brand called Corvalen. Corvalen labs LLC is a subsidiary of the parent company Bioenergy Inc. Since they have the proof, this is what I would go with if I had fibromyalgia.
2. A study that had no placebo group – which was also sponsored by the makers of Corvalen ribose.
Even so, this gives Corvalen ribose bragging rights over other ribose supplements. Still, I still wonder why Bioenergy Inc has not done any further research on Corvalen and fibromyalgia. Their last – and only – study was in 2006. What’s up with that?
Will Other Ribose Supplements Work?
There are [easyazon_link cloaking=”default” keywords=”Ribose” localization=”yes” locale=”US” nofollow=”default” new_window=”default” tag=”sgtextlink-20″]many ribose supplements on the market[/easyazon_link]. Would these other brands be as effective as Corvalen ribose? Its possible but I don’t know because I can’t find any head to head comparisons between Corvalen ribose and these other ribose products.
This is a problem on the part of the scientific community. There is a big need for more ribose fibromyalgia research in general.
If you are searching for a ribose supplement, you may see ribose called Ribose or you may also see it labeled “D Ribose”. These all mean the same thing.
The “D” stands for dextrorotatory which is fancy chemistry talk and means that the ribose is “right handed”.
CorvalenM ribose is another version of the original Corvalen supplement. The difference is that CorvalenM has some magnesium. Currently there is no good proof that CorvalenM is any better for fibromyglgia than the original Corvalen.
Both of the lines of evidence I summarized above used regular Corvalen and not CorvalenM. I'd start with regular Corvalen first before experimenting with CorvalenM.
Here is a link for those who are interested.
How Much Ribose Helps Fibromyalgia?
If we take the research at face value, it appears 10-15 grams per day seems to be optimal for helping fibromyalgia pain. Personally I think it’s wise to start with less than this for the first few days to see how you feel and then slowly increase until you get to 10-15 grams. At this point, there is no good proof that people need more than 15 grams of ribose per day to help fibromyalgia.
Because ribose is a sugar, it's pretty safe in healthy people. In theory, ribose may promote a rise in insulin which might cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It might also interact with diabetes medications.
There is some intriguing very preliminary evidence that ribose might help fibromyalgia in some people. The Corvalen brand of ribose is the type that currently has all the evidence but that doesn't mean other types wouldn't work just as well. I have personally met some people who said ribose helped and others who said it didn't. I am intrigued by what I've seen so far and wish somebody would do better studies than currently exists. If ribose helped you – or didn't – I hope you will leave a comment below so others can benefit from what happened to you. [easyazon_link cloaking=”default” keywords=”Corvalen” localization=”yes” locale=”US” nofollow=”default” new_window=”default” tag=”sgtextlink-20″] Corvalen brand of ribose[/easyazon_link] to see what others are saying.
Thanks Pam, I hope it helps you. keep us posted.
Hi Joe, I was diagnosed with Sjogren’s Syndrome 5 years ago which causes chronic fatigue, then a year later diagnosed with fibromyalgia. My Rheumatologist has never suggested any supplements to the prescription I am taking so I’ve done a lot of research and added supplements on my own. I just read about D-Ribose last week and ordered it immediately. I do take Nucigil which helps keep me awake all day, but am hoping D-Ribose will help with energy. I’ll check back with you to let you know how I’m doing.
Hi Debi, yes please let us know D-ribose works out for you. I’ll look forwarding to hearing what happens.
I was diagnosed with chronic fatigue a year ago (not fibro) and have been researching to find out what has been discovered about what helps. My main symptoms are muscle exhaustion after even short amounts of exercise, fogged head and overall malaise. I came upon this research (see http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2012/07/research-multi-centre-trial-treatment-of-cfs-and-fibromyalgia-with-d-ribose-4-july-2012/) and began using D-ribose.
The brand I went for was Solgar as they have a proven track record of producing only high quality supplements. Within days, I felt as though I had more energy – both mental and physical than I’ve had in a year! Over the month I’ve been taking it, this has maintained (I take 2 teaspoons morning and lunch).
Given that D-Ribose is an expensive product, I tried cheaper brands (DN) and really noticed a drop in effect within hours. To conclude: D-ribose is not a magical cure, but, for me, has significantly relieved some very disabling symptoms.
Hi Kate, thanks so much for sharing that study. I have updated my review to include it. I’m also glad to hear that the Solgar brand of Ribose is helping you. Corvalen sometimes seems to get a lot of the attention but I’ve met people who have had benefits with other brands.
I am really interested in trying this, but also anxious because sugar is actually a trigger for my fibro. When you ribose is basically sugar it sounds like it would actually make symptoms worse. Cleaning up my diet has helped me considerably, but I’ve been in a lot of pain lately and the brain fog is coming back. Anyone that has used diet to manage symptoms try this? Thanks.
Hi Lisa, Ribose is a different type of sugar than glucose or sugar in foods. while I don’t believe ribose will raise your blood sugar levels, why don’t you try asking your pharmacist. While I am still intrigued by the research, I do wish there was more out there. Some people with fibro have told me it helped and others said it didn’t.
I recently purchased the JARROW formulas D-Ribose. One tablet contains 1g of d-ribose 1g sugar and 1g carbohydrates. The directions say to take 1-6 I think big difference. I haven’t started, because I can’t figure out how much to take.
I’ve always had a weak stomach and now even more with fibromyalgia. That’s why I got chewable tablets, I figure it will b resolved before it enters my stomach 🙂 irk if that would make a difference. But any ways I will see how it goes.
Hi Palmira, you are right that IS a big range to take! For things you have not taken before, I often recommend starting at the least dose possible for the first week and then slowly increasing it. For this, it would be 1g.
Interesting post. I have just started a d ribose trial for chronic fatigue (not cfs).
am surprised to read how little this has been researched especially considering the amount of positive comments from fibromyalgia/cfs sufferers. The lack of placebo control in that 41 patient study is a little suspicious. Just makes me think that the company who did the research don’t feel the need to do a full study – either because it’s unnecessary for them to keep the money coming in or because they may get found out.
On the other hand all the possible sufferers who say ribose has changed their life seems hard to ignore – so where are the independent studies? It’s an expensive supplement so if it does work for cfs/fibromyalgia patients then there would be a moral duty to make it available on prescription which would make it much cheaper for people due to demand.
I will try the ribose for 2-3 weeks and post back results from my perspective. Just to clarify I have long term chronic fatigue (5 years) and depression but have not been diagnosed with either fibromyalgia or cfs.
Hi paul, I agree I wish there were more studies on ribose. I hope it does help you and will look forward to learning how it worked in a few weeks.
I have been taking Ribose for the last week and have not had any fibro pain, and that has made me less drained of energy. I haven’t found it helps me sleep any better yet. I missed a dose yesterday morning and couldn’t get home until my 2nd dose was scheduled. The pain started up in the evening and returned tonight. It proved to me, like the case study, that its working. I know after a few more days of consistency i will be feeling better again. To anyone with fibro….you have to give it a try, i wish i would have heard of it sooner.
Crystal, really happy ribose is helping you.
Joe, thanks for putting this info together. I took one dose of 2 grams D Ribose at around 6pm. Noticed nothing, but a few hours later I was unable to sleep, jittery, and when I did get to sleep, had night sweats. I had bought the pills at Whole Foods and they were very nice about taking them back and refunding my money.
Ellen, thanks for the feedback. I am glad Whole Foods gave you your money back. While I usually would not recommend taking any new supplement close to bed time, has anyone else noticed ribose kept them awake at night?
Jacqueline, just a heads up that when you search for a detox, the people should tell you what you are actually ridding your body of. If you don’t know what substances you are detoxing, then you wont know if it actually worked or not.
I had never heard of ribose even though I have had fibro for years, and thought I was “keeping up” on all the latest info.
I watched a neurologist who was diagnosed with fibromyalgia on Dr Oz and I ordered Ribose from Vitacost that same day.
It arrived today and I took my first “dose.” Shortly after, I noticed a very faint, slight head-ache which I was aware could happen. I also noticed an increase in energy, comparable to 2-3 cups of strong coffee.
I will continue this journey and report back in a week or two.
Gail, keep me posted on how you are doing with it.
Sorry, its been awhile since I’ve checked in. I stayed on the Ribose for about a year. It seemed to really help my energy levels and decrease my extreme fatigue, for awhile. I noticed that these effects started to diminish over time and I did eventually stop taking it.
Gail, thanks for the follow up. That’s so interesting how its effects seemed to go away after awhile. I will ask around to see if anyone else had similar experiences.
My fibro has been debilitating, especially through the changing seasons the last few weeks. I just discovered ribose last week. After reading a few articles I decided to order the ribose from Swanson Vitamins. I’ve only been taking it for a few days so I can’t testify to the long haul, but the improvement has been dramatic. My brain fog and fatigue are gone.
I’ve been sleeping much better, and I didn’t wake up stiff and exhausted. I’ve been able to do my normal exercise routine without crashing in exhaustion afterwards. I read in an article to start with 5 grams 3x day for 2-3 weeks and then move to 2x day. So I’m still taking 3x a day right now. I am really hoping this will continue to help, I really want to get my life back!
Checking back in- after about 4 months I was nearly pain free. I actually forgot to take it every day. Since then, I once went two weeks without and started getting stiff and pain again- realized I hadn’t been taking the Ribose and got back on it daily.
Now I have been able to exercise with just the normal muscle soreness and it has been fantastic. But I do know that if I increase activity, I require more Ribose in my routine. Is there any evidence that one can eventually no longer need to take it?
I had gastric bypass surgery any 2 years ago. The doctors said it would help w the fibro pain. I was fat but no where near the people you see on the shows. In fact most pool said” why you are not even that big ” when I told them I was having it done. My only reason for having it done was to help w my fibro pain. I was assured by the dr it would help.
Well instead it did the exact opposite. I am in 150 percent worse pain. I did lose 130 lbs. I kept it off but I felt so much better heavy. So weight loss does not always help fibro pain.
Jenn, I dont see why you cant take ribose but since you are limited to what you can eat at one time, you’ll probably have to take less than most people. I dont want you to use ribose at the expense of the nutrients you need. Until your email I’d never heard of weight loss surgery to help with fibromyalgia but a quick check online and there are those who say its helped. Sorry it didn’t help you – and that it made your fibromyalgia worse.
BTW congrats on maintaining your 130 pound weight loss. That is quite an achievement for anyone.
Sally, I have never heard of people gaining weigh with ribose so I dont think that will be a problem. Start with less than is recommended for the first week, just to see if there any side effects. I dont think there will be. Ive experimented with ribose myself and dont notice anything out of the ordinary. If it helps your./your sons fibro I hope you will let me know. I really want this post to be able to help people find answers about whether ribose might help them or not.
Five grams of ribose contains about 20 calories. Taking a 15g/day dose would mean an extra 60 calories per day. This is unlikely to cause significant weight gain by itself.
Sadie, that is a good point. Thanks for sharing that.
My fancy doctor put me on Corvalen, as well as some other stuff, and I have to say, my energy levels have improved and my pain has decreased in all but my worst spot. Still have some lingering aphasia, but I feel pretty clear headed most of the time. I’ve been on the Corvalen about 2 months, and expect to continue to improve.
I like the taste of the powder in water, which tells me this is something my body WANTS. I also get a Myers cocktail every few weeks, which is mainly magnesium with some Bs and C. I notice my feet don’t hurt when I get that regularly.
Thanks for covering this issue and supplement!
Wow, this is good info. I have had fibromyalgia for over 20 years and have tried most prescription meds and supplements available. My son told me about the D-ribose. I have only been taking it for two days and am looking forward to some positive results. I was diagnosed at about age 35 and am now 59. It has gotten progressively worse and the prescriptions only made me gain weight.
i am glad I found your information because I was only taking it once per day and now I know I need more. Thanks.
Deborah, thanks I am glad you found me and I really do hope ribose helps your fibromyalgia. I hope you will keep me posted on what happens. I’m really curious.
Thank you for this discussion. In the past I did have a significant case of fibromyalgia and somehow managed to resolve it (I’m not sure exactly how) after it ran for about 6 years. Of course I am concerned that someday, it might return.
R walker, Ive heard that eventually fibromyalgia seems to get better. how long “eventually” is I don’t know. I can imagine the emotional burden of wondering if you might get it back again. Im not an expert on if you might get it again (ask a rheumatologist to be sure) but I feel that if you stay healthy -including dealing well with emotional stress and getting enough sleep – that the odds are low. Speak to your doctor about this. At the very least, this might help you reduce your stress over this.
I use Puritan’s Pride D-Ribose capsules (powders aren’t practical for me) for fibromyalgia. Each capsule is 850mg. I take 3 capsules most mornings (after experimenting to find the smallest amount I still felt a moderate improvement from, due to budget constraints), and add 1, 2, or 3 more on some days when I expect to need an extra boost.
The effects for me are a clear consistent increase in alertness, energy, and exertion capacity.
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