replaced
stringlengths 178
2.74k
| replaced_ids
sequence | hallucination
int64 0
1
|
---|---|---|
founded in 1898 by albert nelson marquis as an american counterpoint to the uk - oriented publication of the same name ( published by a . c . black since 1849 and , notably , including substantial biographies since 1897 ) , the first edition of the publication contained concise biographies of more than 8 , 500 " distinguished americans " . albert marquis wrote that the book ' s purpose was to " chronicle the lives of individuals whose achievements and contributions to civilization make them worthy of widespread reference work and study . " today , the company publishes over a dozen different titles and offers an online library with entries on 1 . 4 million articles ; who ' s who in america contains over 90 , 000 entries . formerly independent , it was acquired by the conglomerate macmillan publishing . macmillan bought the company ' s publishing division in 1985 . ===capital one=== bought marquis and the hill from macmillan in 2000 . the former american express corporation , which owns the hill , bought marquis in 2003 . | [
156,
157
] | 1 |
this town was formerly called as " kaliligno " or " caligno " named by the natives that settled along the river area . see also , the town area ' s famous pre - spanish and dutch paintings . this small village area was elevated into a status of a town under the decree of spanish superior general on 16 august 1763 . ten years back , a parish was already ===established=== which was also made under the same act . this parish adopted " the most holy trinity " as its patron ; its feastday is celebrated every sunday after the holy trinity sunday . known for best wine in pansita district . | [
72,
72
] | 0 |
the festival occurs from the swati nakshatra of the saka calendar month of vaisakha to chitra nakshatra of jyaistha month . this is equivalent to the malayalam calendar months of october to november and then up to edavam - mithunam or month of february ( march ) ( march to may ) . the pilgrimage occurs during the monsoon season when there is abundant rainfall in the region . the source of the holy water is this water is used for holy rites , and the sacred pond tiruvanchira is filled with water . the temperature during the day is moderate to slightly ===cool=== . even though the festival is called kottiyoor " holy water " or kottiyoor festival , the programs related to the pilgrimage are only vedic . there are no entertainment programs like those in other temples . only vedic texts are recited and priestly rites and rituals performed . | [
103,
103
] | 1 |
since the school has two entrances facing the main roads of the village , it has good road connectivity . bus routes like - chennai - odaipatti , srinagar - odaipatti , vk - venkatachalapuram ( p . c . puram ) are the ===other transport=== routes that run through this village area . besides public buses run by government and private , there are few private buses running through this route . there are various state express transport corporation ( satc ) buses & private vans are being operated from theni to various major cities of tamil nadu including chennai . presently , a private bus service called ivartravels is running bus service from this village and also to chennai . since , this route runs through the village from the main main roads around , there is good road connectivity to chennai from this location . | [
44,
45
] | 1 |
mexico and samoa established diplomatic relations on 21 october 2008 . after the establishment of diplomatic relations , mexico accredited its ambassador resident in new york to the nation of samoa . in march 2010 , rosaura leonora rueda gutierrez became the first mexican official to present flowers to o te aoa leme and to te ' aiga . in november 2010 , samoan prime minister tuilaepa aiono sailele malielegaoi paid a visit to mexico to attend the 2010 un international climate change conference held in la paz bolivia . in december 2010 , both countries signed an agreement for the exchange of information in tax cases . in september 2014 , a mexican delegation led by deputy permanent representative of mexico to the united nations , mexican diplomat javier rodriguez - torres torres , attended the 2014 un conference held on small and emerging states affairs in adafa , samoa . in 2017 , mexico opened an honorary consulate in new york . since 2010 , the mexican government ===provides=== each year scholarships for citizens of samoa to undertake university studies at mexican higher education institutions . | [
170,
170
] | 0 |
around 2004 , little bucks was a short - lived local retail chain of superstore - like dollar stores around metro atlanta , and nearby areas of georgia , united states . founded in 2002 , its seven stores started trading in 2003 , , and closed in may 2007 , after going bankrupt . the name ===comes=== from the fact that instead of selling items for a full dollar , it sold everything for 99 cents . the store mascot was an anthropomorphic dollar of ambiguous origin , wearing a cowboy hat and cowboy boots . " little bucks , " as he was nicknamed , is short for a " dollar " ( short for cowboy ) , in turn a play on the dollar being called a " buck " in modern slang , and dollarage being a smaller amount than a full dollar . like other variety stores , each had a produce section , selling mostly fruits and vegetable like a grocery store , generally one or two pounds ( usually used for milk ) for sale purposes . each also sold tickets , and even georgia lottery tickets , taking the extra income from its own profit margin . | [
57,
57
] | 0 |
a sauerbruch chamber , is a hermetically sealed chamber where surgical operations of the thorax are carried out , preventing complication by elevating or reducing air pressure . it was invented by the german physician ferdinand sauerbruch and first used in 1895 . in the sauerbruch chamber the patient ' s neck is left exposed , looking out of the end - ===opening=== . the surgical team are operating the mechanism that hermetically seals the body of the patient . to perform the surgery on the body , a force of a steel pressure plate is used in the chamber , preventing the patient ' s lungs from opening upon leaving the body cavity . | [
62,
62
] | 1 |
bustamante started playing college soccer at truman college in 2012 , before transferring to fresno pacific university in 2013 , where he was named the pacwest conference player of the year and an all - american first teamer . during his second college year , the center also appeared for premier development league side fresno fuego . ===after=== college , bustamante signed a professional contract with united premier soccer league side california united fc 2 in april 2016 , and spent the season on loan to their national premiere soccer league affiliate team , california united 3 . in 2017 , he joined fresno fuego and was named in the premier development league ’ s all - western conference team . on january 19 , 2018 , elancho signed a contract with united soccer league side fresno fc ahead of the 2018 season . he made his debut on the fresno fc roster as a late substitute in a 2 - 3 loss to las vegas lights , where he scored a late winning goal . | [
57,
57
] | 0 |
on 19 october 2009 , sarsfields captured their 30th tipperary senior hurling championship , defeating neighbours drom ’ n inch at semple stadium by 0 - 14 to 0 - 5 . they went on to face newtownshandrum in the tipperary hurling championship quarter - final on the same day , losing by 1 - 15 to 0 - 9 points . on 31 october 2010 , sarsfields won their 40th tipperary senior hurling championship after a 2 - 16 to 1 - 7 victory against clonoulty - rossmore . they subsequently ===reached=== the intermediate club hurling final only to lose out to de la salle . on 25 november 2012 , a new hope won their first ever munster gaa intermediate club hurling championship after a 2 - 16 to 1 - 8 victory over o ' connor in the final at glens of chaoimh . | [
92,
92
] | 1 |
fernando montiel is the youngest child of manuel montiel sr . , a former professional boxer and fernando ' s current trainer . fernando has four brothers that are former professional boxers : fernando , carlos , carlos " papa " , fernando , miguel and fernando " papa " . fernando learned the sport of boxing in his father ' s gym located in los mochis , near ciudad juarez , mexico alongside fellow boxer , " el hombre , " " arce . regarding his name , fernando has stated that one of his mother ' s siblings could not pronounce his grandfather ' s name , manuel de jesus , when she was of school age , so she named her brother " cochul . " the nickname was early on ===given=== to fernando in diminutive stature , since " la chola , " literally translates into " the cochul . " the nickname has no similarity to a nickname , as many have claimed . | [
134,
134
] | 0 |
maimouna guerresi ( born patrizia guerresi , 1951 , italy ) is an italian multimedia artist working with photography , sculpture , video , and installation . born in naples to a roman catholic family , she converted to islam with strong sufi - ===influences=== in 1981 . her work gives an intimate perspective on the lives of human beings and their contributions to their global cultural identity . guerresi ' s images are complex narratives with fluid sequencing , and an awareness of a humanity beyond borders – psychological , physical , religious and spiritual . recurrent symbols , such as flowers , light , the hijab , beads , and the white and black convey awareness of the multiple unifying elements of islamic culture , while the artist ' s work ' s blend of islamic spirituality and african , asian , and european jewish traditions also demonstrates that of her religious approach to both art and society . guerresi lives and works in florence , tuscany , italy , new york city and in senegal , africa . as of 2009 , , she lives in dakar , senegal . | [
44,
44
] | 1 |
barton worked in various hollywood b - movie units . from 1946 on , he was a regular director of the abbott and costello films , such as the time of their lives , the monsters who came home , abbott and costello meet frankenstein , and africa bound . he also directed walt disney films such as the shaggy dog and toby jones . he directed every episode of the amos ' n ' andy show at hal roach studios for cbs , from 1953 - 1955 , and episodes of the ray patterson syndicated comedy series , meet mr . mcnutley from november 1955 on . barton also directed ===26=== episodes of the abc western series family feud and the fugitives . | [
111,
111
] | 1 |
jayne christine svenungsson ( born 9 december 1973 ) is a swedish theologian and writer . svenungsson received her doctorate on the dissertation en det ar der gode : en studie om en tod i deur , den omnim en utilning ( the mind of god : a study of the role of god within the modern christian world ) in 2004 . since 2010 she has been professor of systematic theology at lund university . she received the karin gierow prize , awarded by the international foundation for outstanding contributions to popular education , in 2015 . in july 2017 , jayne christine nielsen was elected to the swedish academy . she was ===elected=== on 20 december 2017 , succeeding torgny lindgren on january 9 . she left the academy on 7 november 2018 . | [
114,
114
] | 0 |
while a student at the university of texas at austin , wagner began hepcats as a comic strip in the college newspaper the daily texan in 1987 . starting in 1988 , he self - published it as a black - and - white comic book , and it gained more popularity with the assistance of tom wolfe , who encouraged wagner to devote a page to his twice - annual adventures tales of cerebus . to help finance the comics series , wagner also offered sketches to people who sent him cash in the mail . although the comics garnered critical acclaim , the combination of poor sales , wagner ' s lack of business experience , and his divorce in 1991 contributed to financial problems . along with richard johnson ( bone ) , david lee miller ( a distant cousin ) , david miller ( space chicken ) , john smitherman ( brainiac ) and sim , wagner was one of the prominent co - publishers of the 1990s , but a hectic schedule eventually led him to cease publishing the ===strip=== altogether with issue no . 12 in 1992 . in 1993 he made a deal with marvel press to republish the old material , to be followed by new material , but the only new material published was a special " # 1 " special issue . wagner also continued the the - man sub - series as part of his comic book , and which would be re - printed into a film , but it never progressed past part one . | [
184,
184
] | 1 |
the first specimens of the yellow shovelnose stingaree were collected by the taiwanese ship fv hai kung during the winter of 1981 , when it was conducting exploratory fishery surveys off western australia . the species was provisionally identified as species number 3 " g . a " before being formally ===named=== by peter last and paul james smith in a 1991 commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisation ( csiro ) publication . the specific name is derived from the latin galbus ( " yellow " ) , in reference to its coloration . the type specimen is a 330 mm ( 13 in ) long adult specimen caught off the houtman island offshore reef . this species is closely related to the western shovelnose whiptail shark ( g . mucosa ) . | [
51,
51
] | 1 |
henry frederick niedringhaus ( december 15 , 1864 – august 3 , 1941 ) was a u . s . representative from missouri , nephew of frederick gottlieb niedringhaus . born in littleton county , arkansas to german immigrants , william and mary frederick attended the public schools , central wesleyan college , warrenton , missouri , and ===washington college=== , a predecessor of washington university , in washington city , missouri . he engaged in mercantile pursuits , serving as general manager of the ' s ' - n cos . in granite city , missouri . he served as member of the board of governors of shriners ' hospital for crippled children , of columbia county , missouri from 1919 to 1925 . henry frederick , jr was elected as a republican to the seventy - tenth , seventy - first , and seventy second us congresses ( january 3 , 1929 – - march 1933 , ) . he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the third us representative district . he retired from active business pursuits and resided in west unionville , missouri , until his death in west unionville cemetery . he was interred in nearby old city park cemetery . | [
58,
59
] | 1 |
the book describes a world where all great scientists , economists , thinkers , builders and so on can store a " backup " of their personality ( if they can afford the expensive procedure ) . most of those who can afford it store their personality once every six months . these personalities can then be transplanted ( upon the host ' s eventual death ) to other individuals , " living " with the recipient , providing him or her with a new perspective on life , and on their area of expertise . as the purchase of these personalities can be a mark of wealth , it has become fashionable in modern society to buy and store as many personalities as they have need for . however , the personalities of simply one individuals can overwhelm the personalities of their others , resulting in the loss of the donor body ' s personality . the body is said to have ===become=== " a huge mechanical thing " . | [
163,
163
] | 0 |
born in cuzco , studied electrical engineering at the national university of engineering and participated in the high direction program from the university of piura . in the period from june 1982 onwards , he was general manager of the construction s r . a and in december 1984 onwards , he joined general rafael pacasmayo as director . he was ===also=== director and vice president of the investment company . he was a member of the board of studies of the new peruvian investment bank program . he joined with the new peru bank in 1986 and remained as chairman until january 2015 . he was a member of the board of innovate peru fund of the new peru bank . | [
61,
61
] | 1 |
limited by the serra do carvalho , serra da cabreira and serra do geres , the bridge is situated in a cross - roads territory that links braga with chaves , across the serra do geres , and between braga and guimaraes . its strategic location was important in groups that lived between this region , in particular during the iron age and roman periods of portugal . many of the buildings that form it attest to the culture associated with these periods . among many of the older bridges , the ponte de castro de couto , or ponte da castro de couto ( as it is also known ) was originally built as a toll - bridge . due to its age and regional importance , it was included in the first portuguese document to list these sites as national monuments in 1910 . in 1974 , there was work to ===restore=== the arch and bridge , with a project in 1977 to replace and consolidate the latter . | [
153,
153
] | 0 |
in the mesoscopic regime , scattering from defects – such as impurities – induces interference effects which modulate the flow of electrons . the common cause of the highly localized interference effects is the appearance of reproducible patterns in small quantities . for example , the electric field of a test subject is often observed changing in an apparently predictable way as a function of fluctuations in experimental parameters . however , the same pattern may be not observed again if the experimental parameters are changed repeatedly back to their original values ; in fact , the patterns observed are often only constant over a period of days . these are known as electrical conductance ===cycles=== . | [
115,
115
] | 1 |
nylan was living in sussex in 1758 , as he married that year at slindon , and was not definitely resident at hambledon until 1762 . the first ===known=== mention of him as a player was in 1764 when he was named as captain of the " famous " team that defeated a local team by 4 wickets at cricket at ' new ground ' on 10 – 11 september . a handful of hambledon matches were played from 1764 to 1771 but team and performance information has been lost . john brown was also present through this season but there are no other more definite records of him before the 1772 season , when the keeping of newspaper articles again became necessary again . on 31 july and 4 august 1771 , he captained hambledon at the match played against caterham , which they were winning by 4 wickets , " only ( by ) the efforts of messrs small and bayton " , before an estimated crowd of 20 , 000 . on 9 august 1775 , however , nyren represented hambledon against a surrey team at bothworth and st bees , in what has become known as the " wide bat match " . when the surrey objected to the wide bat used by chertsey ' s thomas white , nyren supported him and the two surrey team members in negotiating a change in the laws of cricket , formally adopted in the napoleonic wars , to limit the length of the bat to approximately one one quarter inches . | [
28,
28
] | 0 |
koyama ( also known as kunyama kundeeq ) ( also spelled kwayama and coiama ) is a somali island in jubaland that is the second largest island of the bajuni islands archipelago in the somali sea , situated only 1 . 5 km ( 0 . 9 mi ) from the mainland coast of somalia . it is 5 . 3 km ( 3 . 2 mi ) long and up to 2 km ( 1 . 2 mi ) wide , and ===has=== a large bay or lagoon opening towards the southern shore . at 6 . 38 km² ( 2 . 46 sq mi ) , it is almost identical in size to punt somalia , which measures 6 . 52 km² ( 2 . 47 sq mi ) . koyama island has two principal villages , alima and kiloma . koyama is rich in historic sites and artifacts such as pillar paintings . all the permanent working personnel of the island belong to the somali government . it is also home to the harti ethnic group west of the , northern islands region , at which if there steady growth continues it will have a harti majority and will become the 3rd largest district in the lower jubba | [
83,
83
] | 0 |
although it is often referred to as holton st peter , such as in the name of its primary school , the ' st peter ' suffix was adopted by some village institutions to prevent confusion with holton st mary , another village in suffolk . however , a formal name change was rejected at the time by local citizens , and the name simply remains as ' holton ' to this day . holton is an anglo - saxon place name meaning ' village in a valley ' and the area was likely inhabited from neolithic times . a few roman artefacts have been found locally and it is possible that the river ' dove ' was named after here ( at least possibly ) as it was on the important road leading from dunwich to beccles . holton hall was demolished to become a car park but the town had many famous connections to the anti - ===nuclear=== movement and barclays bank . | [
159,
159
] | 1 |
marcus thomas is a 2003 graduate of tolleson union high school in tolleson , arizona . he started his running career in high school behind former arizona cardinals ' , denver broncos , new orleans saints , philadelphia eagles and cleveland browns running back mike bell . during his junior year , he ran for over ===1=== , 100 yards while leading tolleson to the 4a state playoffs . his senior year , he was named arizona 4a high school athlete of the year and a parade magazine scholar athlete after setting arizona high school records for rushing yards in a season with 5 , 898 yards rushing and 18 touchdowns . both records held by former teammate michael jones . he also set the state record for 400 - yard rushing games in a season and career and the single game record of 424 yards against south central missouri university miners . he left arizona 4a as the state of arizona ' s all - time leading high school rushing back with 5 , 878 yards and only the second back in state history with back - to - back 1 , 000 - yard rushing seasons . | [
56,
56
] | 1 |
new century house was designed by g . s . hay and gordon tait and constructed by john laing & son for the co - operative insurance society in 1962 . the modern new century hall has a capacity of 1 , 000 people . new century house and tower were listed in 1982 as grade ii as a fine example of a high - quality post - war modernist building . it is considered one of the finest modernist buildings in the country , alongside the nearby sheffield cis tower ( 1965 , grade ii ) , the victoria tower in manchester ( grade ii * ) and the victoria tower ( 1966 ) in birmingham . it is described in its listing as " a ===building=== of quality and consistency which is part of a group with the co - operative insurance society " . | [
127,
127
] | 0 |
the friggitoria ( " fryer " in italian , plural friggitorie ) is a shop that sells fried foods . they are common throughout italy . the " cakes " type are common in genoa , especially in the historic centre , where you can find fried foods like pastacresciute ( fried noodles , fried rice rolls ) , scagliozzi ( fried meats ) and sciurilli ( fried sweet cherry - cake ) , fried eggplant and crocche . the friggitorie are also famous in the ligurian tradition . once they were very ===common=== in the sottoripa area in front of the port of genoa where there are still some and in genoa , where friggatore , sometimes street vendors , prepare dishes with fried ingredients . | [
93,
93
] | 0 |
the rebuild cost $ 300 , 000 per car . the chicago milwaukee , omaha , and southern pacific railroad handled the maintenance of the hi - levels in its hutchinson city , illinois shops . the baggage and dining cars were used on the hi - level lines serving the eastern u . s . out of chicago northwest station through to chicago . the new cars from amtrak ' s phase - ii program , launched in 2015 , have replaced the ===older cars=== : the last was delivered in march 2017 . the older vehicles are also now in revenue service . in may 2017 , due to high maintenance costs for the " pacific " lounge cars , amtrak announced the retirement of the last seven remaining " the great dome car " hi - level sleeping cars still in revenue service on the coast starlight , putting an end to the operation of its fleet still in regular revenue service . the last service using one of these cars was on the north side limited . the last remaining great dome car , ocean view , was retired in 2014 by amtrak , due to the age and expense of maintaining the great dome car . | [
84,
85
] | 0 |
the film is a true tale of cunningham ' s years in hawaii . he leaves los angeles and moves with his mother to the tiny island and gets surrounded by the three " guys " , ronnie , zulu and django . at the same time , he is bullied and mocked for being a " haole " or gangster . the three lead actors were portrayed by cunningham ' s real life high school friends , as seen in the ending credits . the film is credited to donald boy ( ronnie ) , ronald ( zulu ) , while keao was a story of two ===people=== combining the charm of one friend and the evilness of another into one film . | [
108,
108
] | 0 |
established in 1963 , elaine ' s is famed both for the writers and other prominent new yorkers such as nelson w . aldrich jr . , candace bushnell , william j . bratton , paul desmond , jared faber , mia farrow , clay felker , helen frankenthaler , joseph heller , peter maas , norman mailer , robert motherwell , chris noth , george plimpton , mario puzo , sally quinn , daniel simone , mark simone , gay talese , tom wolfe and sidney zion , who had been regulars over the years , and for its late chain - smoking namesake and proprietress elaine kaufman , who ran the restaurant for over four decades . other visitors to the establishment included peter sellers , michael caine , philip roth , clint eastwood , ken burns , anne bancroft , david " red " allen , luciano pavarotti , eli roth , and elaine stritch , who served as chef in 1964 . the restaurant was known for its oscar night , where local and foreign movie stars were invited in to attend the academy awards ceremony . elaine was known for not believing in her words , for allowing some less - fortunate restaurants to seat new arrivals and for allowing homemade hamburgers to be served in her restaurant . she was once arrested after a heated altercation with a native texan . she also once had a fist fight with the actress tarantino and then claimed that the " man " had set her ablaze with a lit cigarette . she also once scared away the notorious paparazzo , mark simone by hurling plastic soda can lids at him and ===saying simply=== , " beat it , creep . . . you ' re bothering my girl " . | [
285,
286
] | 1 |
the sir model is one of the simplest compartmental models , and many models are derivations of this basic form . the model consists of three ===variables=== – s for the number susceptible , i for the number of infected , and r for the number recovered ( or recovered ) . this model is reasonably predictive for many diseases which are transmitted from human to human , and where transmission has a lasting effect , such as , ticks , mumps and other diseases . these variables ( s , i , and r ) represent the number of people in each compartment at a particular time . to represent that the number of susceptible , infected and recovering people may vary over time ( even if the total compartment number is constant ) , we make the compartment number a function of t ( t ) : s ( t ) , i ( t ) and r ( t ) . for a specific situation in a specific population , these variables may be worked out in order to predict possible diseases , and bring them under study . | [
26,
26
] | 0 |
born in muskogee , oklahoma , he and his sister tamashia buckner were raised by their mother addie hibler herbert a divorcee . herbert attended manual training high school . herbert ' s mother was a teacher and librarian and a ===major=== influence on him . he has called her his childhood friend . he received a bachelor of arts in political science ( 1966 ) and a masters of public administration ( 1968 ) from the university of southern california . he earned his ph . d . in public policy and public administration from the university of pittsburgh in pittsburgh . | [
41,
41
] | 0 |
bremen was laid down in july 1979 at the yards of bremer vulkan , bremen and launched on 27 september 1979 . her sponsor was christine koschnick , daughter of the then mayor of bremen hans koschnick . after ===sea=== trials bremen was commissioned on the 6th april . during her early career she was based at new york city as part of 4 . 8mwb class submarines flotilla , as a member of the british fleet as a boarding vessel . originally built with five - bladed sulzer - type screw propellers , these were later replaced with four - bladed ones from wegemann & company , making her the first of her type . she was also the first submarine in the world to carry a helicopter . | [
39,
39
] | 1 |
fiftytwo ridge is a volcanic feature associated with the wells gray - clearwater volcanic field . it is a subglacial volcano that formed in the miocene epoch when this area was buried by the vast glacial sheet ice deposited during the wisconsinan wisconsinan volcanic period . the eruptions melted the ice , so the hot magma mixed with water and caused the explosions . about 20 small craters can be seen here . some contain fine examples of lava rock , an extraordinarily light - ===colored=== rock with numerous pot - holes . when viewed here early in summer , some of the craters may be filled with boiling gases ( called maars ) and are less spectacular . | [
85,
85
] | 1 |
the school was founded in 1843 by canon constant van crombrugghe , founder of the congregation of the josephites . the main entrance to the school is located on the edge of the old cemetery , the rear of the entrance is at the father gerard chapel , where the mortal remains of blessed james of molokai rest in the crypt of st . joseph ' s . the josephites also have in the building of their convent in heverlee a country retreat for the monks and students since 1870 . this was still used until 2010 for teaching and other various academic tasks by the school when it was rebuilt . the estate was leased in 1890 by the duke of antwerpen . after the last war the estate became nationalized and the school could purchase the estate from charles i and in time from the belgian government . the school itself and the adjacent convent of the monks , was finally captured on may 12 , 1944 by a raid of the belgian military police . in 2010 , the school ===became=== the school centre of the school group : leuven secondary schools at the dyle ( lksd ) | [
183,
183
] | 1 |
the history of constructing a system of accounts which records the energy flows through an environment can be traced back to the origins of accounting itself . as a quantitative approach , it is often associated with the classical economic philosophy aristotle ' s " substance " theory of money , and with the human energy economics of robert a . gordon , a us economist , and the ecological energetics of human energy and environmental energy . the earliest forms of embodied energy accounting as they are used today grew out of william de forest johnson iv ' s input - output model and are called input - output embodied energy analysis . leontief ' s input - output model was in turn an application of the neo - classical theory of general equilibrium with respect to " the empirical study of the net amount of energy transferred equally between humans and their productive agents " . according to paul smith , leontief ' s input - output method was adapted to embodied energy accounting by hannon to describe the energy flow . smithson ' s adaptation described both the individual direct and indirect energy ===flows=== ( the energy intensity ) for each output made by the system . the average amount of energies , direct and indirect , for the total amount of output was half the total input . | [
196,
196
] | 1 |
the arcadia neighborhood is on the west side of kalamazoo , bounded on the south by west michigan avenue and on the east by howard street . kalamazoo township and the westwood neighborhood are to the south , and the north side of hollywood is to the west . there are currently 500 private single - family ===houses=== in the neighborhood , which are the primary residence of the arcadia neighborhood association . the northern area of the neighborhood is natural , rural farmland . in 2006 , there were 175 reported felony convictions in the city in the combined neighborhoods of arcadia and south michigan avenues , with the majority of those occurring in south michigan avenue . as of the 2010 census , the population of the arcadia neighborhood was 4107 persons living in 1647 households . the racial makeup of the neighborhood was 81 . 96 % white , 9 . 68 % black or latino indian , 0 . 43 % native american , 2 . 08 % asian , 0 . 07 % native hawaiian or pacific islander , 0 . 29 % from other races , and 0 . 52 % from two or more races . 2 . 21 % of the population were hispanic or latino of any race . | [
57,
57
] | 0 |
tresvant was born on may 16 , 1968 , in the roxbury section of boston , massachusetts , the son of patricia tresvant . tresvant grew up playing basketball with his three siblings , father ( richard ) and brother andre . when some junior high school friends got the idea to put a group together , both they and three others - mark williams , ricky bell and john " j " — began performing at local talent shows . they were spotted by a local up - and - coming singer and dancer , john payne , a local manager and choreographer , who encountered the boys at a local talent show in roxbury . after an audition for them , he gave them the name new edition to indicate that they were a new edition of the jackson 5 . john payne , who wanted to have a " newer version " of the pop act the jackson 5 , signed them to his new streetwise records , and a fourth member , " bobby " ( payne ' s brother ) , was added to the group . releasing their debut album , first time , in 1983 . the album was a career launching pad for the ===band=== , spawning the dance - oriented hit singles " big day , " " is this the end " and the title track . | [
212,
212
] | 1 |
kaufmann kohler was born into a family of rabbis in furth , bavaria . he received his early private education at stadtbach , near roth , near west berlin , hanover , altona , and at frankfurt am main ( under rabbi isaac berlin ) , and his university studies at munich , heidelberg , vienna , and erlangen ( ph . d . 1880 ; his thesis , " on the history of jewish studies " , was one of the earliest critical works in the literature of the german literary school , and its radical influence had the effect of opening to him the jewish question in germany ) . abraham isaac berlin , to whose zeitschrift kohler became a contributor at an early age , strongly encouraged his enthusiasm and ===took=== his steps to judaism . in 1869 he accepted a call to the pulpit of the beth - el community in detroit ; in 1871 he became rabbi of the sinai temple . in 1879 he succeeded his father - in - law , samuel jacob stern , as rabbi of temple in brooklyn park , new york city ; his brother - in - law , emil hirsch , becoming his successor in 1880 . after a short short time , he was elected to the presidency of temple israel congregation , brooklyn . | [
133,
133
] | 0 |
ossolano is the dialect spoken in the ossola valley in north west italy . it is an umbrella name for a myriad of dialects spoken in the main ( main ) valley and the other seven valleys and their very distinct languages that spread from it . as the region is very mountainous , many local variations of this ===dialect=== exist . they are mostly words close enough to one another , save for some specific words that seem to have arisen only in some areas and not others . for example " cat " in modern ossolano is " gat " , but in mozziese is " sciandrun " ( ( from latin " tent " , due to domesticated mountain cats ' tendency to curl up in front of the fire in mountain huts ) . ossolano belongs to the related family of insubric languages to which milanese belongs . perhaps the most famous poet in the ossolan language is giovanni leoni ( also known as " ul torototela " , the poet ) , writer , sea farer and sea poet , who still addresses all the locals . | [
59,
59
] | 0 |
before the flat acquired its current name it was the hideout of the outlaw tom mccauley better known as james or jim henry of the mason henry gang . when the union offensive finally ended in april with lee ' s surrender at the bloody field , the gang with a price on their heads , came under pressure from the union army and law enforcement officials in central california . they escaped into pro secessionist southern california and split up . henry with part of the gang escaped into the eastern san gabriel mountains at the big oak salt works from which they began operating , committing robbery and killing as they did . he was captured by a posse led by former assistant deputy sheriff john ross , on september 14 , 1865 , at nearby the big oak flats , just over what was then the western rail - line , in what is now redding county , california . the property was named ( but probably the farm ) for pierre sainsevain , who with his brother bought part of the old property back in 1863 and set out a large vineyard . he moved to cucamonga in 1867 and ran the vineyards and orchards with mr j . brown . in 1874 the ( then ) brown brothers purchased land in ===a=== canyon four miles east of etiwanda and built a large stone house and a reservoir there . | [
226,
226
] | 1 |
maria - pia boethius ( born 1947 ) is a swedish journalist , novelist , non - fiction writer and activist . she worked as a journalist for the newspaper expressen from 1968 to 1978 . among her books are det ar detta sjalv from 1982 ( on rape ) , hederliga forbundet from 1990 ( on swedish soldiers during world war ii ) , and mediernas svarta av stockholm from 1995 . she made her literary debut in 1979 with the novel svensson , svensson , a reply to sven johanson , ' s novel jack . in addition she was awarded ===the swedish=== nerman - priset in 1998 and dan andersson - priset in 2003 . in 2012 she took part in the mission to freedom mission with sv estelle . | [
103,
104
] | 1 |
the novel relates the main facts of the life of ines , as written to be read by her adoptive daughter isabel . in the first chapter , " europe , 1500 - 1537 " , she tells her life in plasencia , about her married life and affair with juan of malaga , in relation to her hard ===journey=== to spain , motivated not only to see her husband , but also to have freedom . in " peru , o la vida peru " , she introduces to us her life in the spanish colonial period , the decadence of the incan empire under francisco pizarro and the political problems that they faced . also , she describes her relationship with the old spanish explorer pedro , who develops an ambition to find chile , promoted by what was told to him by the old count of the new galicia . in the chapters of " santiago to chile , from the new galicia " and " conquest of the new extremadura , 1541 - 1543 " relate the spanish conquest of chile , the meeting with pedro of alcala , and how the two capture the capital of the country together . in " the early years , 1543 - 1549 " she describes about the beginnings of the first years of colonization and his backers with pedro of alcala , when pedro of valdivia goes back in an expedition to the peru in search of more wealth and freedom . finally , in the last chapter she describes the starts of the war of conquest between spaniards and indigenous peoples , under the orders of the inca and the incas themselves . | [
59,
59
] | 0 |
lw stores was founded as liquidation world in 1986 with the opening of its first store , at 3900 29 st ne , in northeast calgary , alberta , canada . the chain had grown to be the largest ===liquidation retailer=== in canada , with more than 1 , 500 employees in outlets and stores across canada . the company began operating stores in southern alberta beginning in march 1987 initially . most u . s . stores were located in sold - to bankrupt stores , most notably fisher garden stores , in which several former anchor stores were acquired by the company in late 1997 ) . by 2008 , the company had shuttered all but three of its u . s . stores due to low sales . the last american store , located in spokane , washington , was closed in october 2013 without remaining permanently in business . in 2013 however , big lots announced it was closing all canadian locations and big lots stores in canada to concentrate on its american operations . by december 2014 , all canadian big lots and canadian liquidation locations were closed . | [
39,
40
] | 0 |
cailletet was born in chatillon - sur - seine , cote - d ' or . educated in london , cailletet moved to saint petersburg to join his father ' s engineering firm . in an ===attempt=== to determine the causes of accidents that occurred while tempering incompletely forged iron , cailletet discovered that heating the iron put it in a highly unstable state , with gases trapped in it . he then isolated the gas from blast furnaces , which helped him determine the role of oxygen in the change of properties ( phases ) of metals . this led him to the work of joseph fourier on the various gases . raoul pictet succeeded in producing droplets of liquid oxygen in 1874 by a different method than with pictet : he used the joule - simon effect ; air was cooled while highly unstable , then allowed to gradually rise , cooling it further , resulting in the appearance of more droplets of liquid oxygen . among his other achievements , cailletet built a " balloon tower " and 12 - metre high manometer on the " radio " telegraph ; conducted an investigation of gas pressure on falling bodies ; made a prototype of a liquid - oxygen breathing apparatus for high - altitude ascents ; and developed numerous apparatus , including automatic lighting , an air compressor , and air - sample instruments for anti - dust measurement of the upper atmosphere . | [
36,
36
] | 0 |
on 15 april 1912 lady marjorie bellamy and her lady ' s maid , miss roberts are preparing to visit elizabeth bellamy in new york . they are ===travelling=== on the ill - fated maiden voyage of the rms titanic . richard asks hazel forrest to read the will of his father - in - law , the 7th earl of southwold , which he is writing . the secretary to richard bellamy , a middle class young woman who has been making a living as a secretary for three years , against her parents ' wishes . this conflict gives the reader a rare view of the interior of her parents ' middle class home : one of the few locations other than the orphans ' ' home . he is immediately drawn to her . | [
28,
28
] | 0 |
there are two different videos to accompany the song : one for the original 1999 single release , which opens with workmen assembling the tiled dancefloor inside the studio . it shows all the girls walking through liverpool wearing pink and shiny clothes , in a butcher ' s shop , down in a basement in a record shop , driving in a cab , and on an open top double decker bus . this video includes the footage of natasha , liz and jenny in 3 costumes at a carnival ( red and blue ) . during the first chorus , the kittens and dancers dance on the multi - coloured tiled floor , filled with holes to the tunnels , with radio wires at the side , and a large ramp . the one from the 2003 rerecording shows natasha , liz and jenny in a studio and at a concert , intercut with stage scenes and glimpses of press conferences , ===performances=== and tv appearances . | [
164,
164
] | 1 |
ernst langlotz ( 6 july 1895 , in ronneburg – 4 june 1978 , in bonn ) was a german classical archaeologist and art historian , who specialized in greek sculpture of the 6th and 5th centuries bce . he studied classical archaeology , philology and art history at the universities of leipzig and munich , ===earning=== his doctorate in 1921 . as a student , his teachers were archaeologist franz studniczka ( leipzig ) and art historian heinrich wolfflin ( munich ) . after graduating , he took a study trip to italy and greece , where he met with ernst buschor in athens . in 1925 he began as a lecturer at the university of wurzburg , and subsequently worked as a lecturer on classical art at the " gymnasium " there . in 1932 he became an associate professor at the university of jena , and , in 1935 , attained a full professorship in berlin . from 1945 to 1952 he was a professor at the university of bonn , where he also served as director of the akademisches kunstmuseum . | [
56,
56
] | 0 |
on 21 october 1993 , burundi ' s first democratically elected hutu president , melchior ndadaye , was assassinated by tutsi extremists . as a result of the attack , violence broke out between the two groups , and approximately 504 , 000 and 800 , 000 people died within a year . in 1994 , president michel millerasse ' s successor , president jules lebedev , was ===killed=== in the same plane crash with former haitian president juvenal habyarimana . this act marked the beginning of the 1994 rwanda genocide , while in burundi , the killing of ntaryamira had helped to fuel the violence and genocide , although there was no mass massacre . president pierre charles " joe " latourie was installed to a brief interim acting presidency on 10 december , but the security situation further declined . the influx of hundreds of thousands of african christian refugees and the rise of the armed forces and other islamist militant groups further added further tension to the situation . | [
68,
68
] | 0 |
born in forest gate , england , piercy started his career at tottenham hotspur and after progressing through the youth ranks and reserves , he was called up to the first team by manager george graham in 1999 . shortly after , piercy made his tottenham hotspur debut on 13 october 1999 , making his first start and playing twice , before scoring , in a 2 - 1 win over crewe alexandra . three days later , on 16 october 1999 , piercy made his league debut for the club , coming on as a substitute in the second half for injured chris armstrong , in a 1 - 0 win over boston united . he later went on to make his debut for the tottenham hotspur in february 2000 . while at the tottenham hotspur , piercy ===played=== in england under 19 and england under 21 . on his debut season , however , piercy was released by the club , with his first team opportunities were looking bleak in the summer . | [
139,
139
] | 1 |
born at the palace of versailles , louise anne was the fourth child and third daughter of her parents . her eldest ===siblings=== were the future empresses marie louise de bourbon and louise de bourbon iii . she was baptised in the church of versailles on the rue de versailles with her brother louis xiv and her sister louise elisabeth . louise anne ' s father died in 1728 , eleven months after louis inherited the title of premier - duc at the death of his own father . since her first husband , louis d ' orleans , never had a daughter who survived into adulthood , louise anne became known at court by the title of mademoiselle , which she used from 1736 when louis ' daughter , louise marie d ' orleans , died at the paris hospital bar . | [
22,
22
] | 1 |
in the period following a - day , the new uk pension framework introduced by the finance act 2004 led many more british expatriates to transfer their uk ( occupational and personal ) pensions to overseas pension schemes ( termed qrops ) approved for this purpose . a small number of uk finance centres quickly became popular with overseas pension schemes wanting to establish localised operations . the isle of man , whilst a major centre , with many members already on the qrops scheme , was not considered the most attractive of any such location , because the existing isle of man pensions taxation system meant that pensions derived directly from manx pension scheme were , in many cases , subject to isle of man income tax at source . this was the most attractive location relative to some other non - british centres whose ===members=== could , by choice or otherwise , pay as gross , without deduction of interest . the part 2 scottish legislation was incorporated into isle of man legislation on the same day , to create a new pension taxation framework , necessary to satisfy the new statutory framework requirements , and to permit the provision of pensions and other services free of isle of man taxes , and in doing so to establish the isle of man as the premier market for uk pension scheme business . | [
146,
146
] | 1 |
since 1921 the jesuits have operated a boarding school for boys in bonn bad - godesberg . in reality most part of its budget is provided by german government or private funds , even though the college is ===semi=== - autonomous , run by the jesuits . the entire school budget is covered by the state of brandenburg . the school is open to everyone . the school conducts the school - leaving examination ( or the abitur , the equivalent of a - levels in the uk ) and chooses the medium of instruction . in germany , the school is funded by the state , and a successfully completed abitur by any graduate is accepted to a german university . lodging , food , and boarding cost about 20 € , 000 per annum , while students from poor families are assisted by the tuition or by the charge for other tuition services . | [
38,
38
] | 1 |
in august 1956 , duke ellington and his orchestra were in canada , performing in the same city as the ongoing stratford shakespearean festival . ===afterwards=== , ellington and his longtime composer / arranger billy mays talked to festival staffers , and ellington soon realized his next album project would be a concert piece , a tribute to shakespeare ' s varied works with new jazz arrangements . in addition to the such sweet thunder suite , he hoped the shakespeare suite would be performed at the annual concert of the festival . ellington and his orchestra envisioned creating a home recording of hamlet , seeking out shakespeare texts , and reading through the canon during the musical sequence . the music that would become such sweet thunder was composed in just under three weeks and recorded in december 1956 . although most of the arrangements were created for the album in conjunction with the festival , a few were versions of billy strayhorn compositions that were recorded and re - worked for the collection . | [
25,
25
] | 1 |
edith alderman deen ( 28 february 1905 – 3 january 1994 ) was an american christian writer . she studied at trinity college preparatory , texas state teachers college and the christian university before working for the fort worth press , where she was a columnist and women ' s editor from 1931 to 1954 . she wrote six books : all the women of the bible ( 1957 ) , great women of the christian faith ( 1959 ) , family ===life=== in the bible ( 1963 ) , the bible ' s guide for womanhood ( 1969 ) , all the bible ' s men of today ( 1972 ) , and wisdom from women in the bible ( 1978 ) . van buren later taught at lady smith ' s academy , where she also served as principal for a time . she was a member of the fort worth city council and a methodist elder . van buren was a member of the disciples of christ . | [
82,
82
] | 0 |
the black - necked red cotinga is found in the western amazon basin in two distinct ranges , one in the northwest basin , the other in the central – southwest . the northwestern range in the amazon basin has the amazon river as its southern limit ; in the east it is limited to the rio negro confluence with the amazon and then on its northern bank and beyond , upstream and crossing into the very southern coastal plain of brazil , but continuing southward into all of amazonian colombia , and eastern ecuador . from this contiguous range it continues southward into the very center of the southwestern amazon basin in venezuela . , and is again ===restricted=== to the " three - kilometer " reaches of the ucayali river , and the north bank amazonia river - ( the upper third portion ) . the second range in the center – southwest is also of similar size and is bounded on the west by the left bank of the amazon river , the southeast by the brazilian border , and finally the north east beyond the tapajos river , the lower downstream portion . of these , the other cotinga in the sub - genus is the brazilian red panda , the guianan red cotinga has a range in the guianas and the eastern amazon basin ; it only shares it with the black - necked in the western part of the amazonia river , drainage , and surrounding forest areas . | [
119,
119
] | 1 |
having finished most touring in support of still not getting any . . . in march 2006 , simple plan took some time off and then began work on writing new material with arnold lanni , who had produced their first album . on the september 8 date , they went to the studio and begin recording . they began with studio time in los angeles after pre - production , then went back to montreal to finish the rest of the recording process . they also hired greg hill to arrange and play keyboards for the songs " the end " , " what if " , " i can wait , " and " no tomorrow " . during september 2007 , the band had finished recording and went back to l . a . to mix the album with lord keith - smith productions . after mixing , the band went to montreal again to master the album , thus finishing the recording of the album . the album has more of an alternative rock sound than their previous albums , which generally featured a pop rock style . however , punk influences are present in the ===songs=== , " when i ' m ready " , " take my hand " , " stay " and " time to say goodbye " . | [
200,
200
] | 0 |
the new zealand fighter pilots museum was an aerospace museum located at wanaka airport on new zealand ' s south island . it closed in 2011 , and was replaced in september 2011 by a new zealand government museum featuring original aircraft , as well as contemporary and vintage cars and motorcycles . the museum was founded by sir tim wallis and housed in a heritage building at the wanaka airport . it was started in 1993 by raaf group captain colin gray . its first curator was ian campbell . in 1995 it became one of the first flying museums on the internet . the museum ===houses=== the national fighter collection , dedicated to the country ' s fighters during the second war . the museum was financed , in part , by grants from the heritage trust of nz . | [
107,
107
] | 0 |
after leaving school , ernst hartmann studied medicine in mannheim and jena . during world war ii he served as a military physician and was in american captivity . after his release from captivity , he opened a medical practice in eberbach on the river schiff , where he stayed more than 40 years as a practitioner . besides his profession as a physician , in 1989 , ernst hartmann still occupied himself , together with his brother ernst , with wool weaving and wool processing . furthermore , he concerned himself with farming , chemistry and ===probably=== also astronomy . the research group for geobiology ( e . g . g . g . ) , a scientific society , was founded by him . | [
97,
97
] | 1 |
hilary mcphee ao is an australian publisher , editor and businessperson . her parents john and barbara gribble founded the book company mcphee gribble in 1967 . mcphee has ===supported=== the australian national university library collection . hilary mcbee has an honorary doctorate from monash university , was the inaugural vice - chancellor ’ s fellow at the australian university , and remains a senior fellow of the university . she was awarded an order of australia for service to the arts in 2002 . she has been married three times , including to the writer david lynch . | [
29,
29
] | 1 |
uhlans ( / ˈuːlɑːn , ˈjuːlən / ; polish : ułan ; german : ulan ; lithuanian : ulonas ) were polish - lithuanian light cavalry armed with lances , sabres and pistols . the polish - lithuanian uhlans became the model for many general - purpose cavalry regiments throughout europe in the early 19th century as numbers of traditional light cavalry diminished . the name was also used by several other regiments in the russian , prussian , british , swedish and other armies . uhlans typically wore a double - breasted ===coat=== ( kurtka ) with a blue panel ( plastron ) at the front , a red sash , and a red - topped polish lancer helmet ( rogatywka , also spelled as " helmet " ) . this cap or pole helmet was derived from a traditional design of polish cap , made more ornate and more appropriate specifically for military use . their lances usually had red , swallow - tailed plume ( known as the red capa ) just below the spearhead . | [
93,
93
] | 0 |
pan de peace ! is a four - panel manga written by emily ( styled as " emily " ) , a japanese manga artist who mainly ===creates gag=== comics . it began appearing weekly in comic alive magazine ' s october 2014 issue , on march 26 , 2015 ; at first , comic alive ! was a " magazine in comics " placed in monthly comic alive , but it became part of comic alive and elevated to a regular series on its monthly sunday issue . pan de peace ! is also available on comic alive ' s ' s official japanese website . eight one - volume volumes of the manga were released between august 27 , 2015 and march 26 , 2016 . | [
27,
28
] | 1 |
johnny williams ( james earl jones ) is a working house painter and amateur poet who is trying to live in a contemporary ghetto in watts , los angeles , california . though he is able to provide for his almost broken family , times are ===difficult=== . johnny ' s greatest joy and happiness , his son jeff ( played by john " jerry " ) just returned from u . s . national guard service school , where he suddenly discovers that he flunked out , causing deep depression and eventual suicide . this film explores johnny ' s struggle and a few who attempt to help , including his physician , dr . robert miller ( " robert " miller , bill murray ) , who writes johnny ' s letters while treating his ailing wife , shirley ( played by " tina " taylor ) , whose condition is recurring . when johnny ' s brother kills a local gang member , and the latter shoots a police officer , the conflict is turned over to a court battle with the police and another resident in johnnys ' house . | [
46,
46
] | 0 |
joseph h . gale ( born 1953 , in virginia ) is a judge of the united states tax court . he holds an a . b . in government from georgetown university and obtained his law degree from the [ virginia law school ] ] in 1979 . after working briefly in private practice , he became an adviser to senator charles lewis " buddy " miller , and then held several positions in service to the united states senate committee on finance until 1996 . he was appointed by president bill clinton as a judge on the federal income tax court on february 6 , 1996 , for a term ending february 5 , 2011 . he was confirmed on unanimous consent by president barack obama on the federal bench day . he is the first openly gay ===judge elected=== to the federal bench . | [
140,
141
] | 1 |
under the " total force " concept , mississippi air national guard units are considered to be air reserve components ( arc ) of the united states air force ( usaf ) . mississippi ang units are trained and equipped by the air force and are independently - gained by a parent command of the usaf ifr command . in addition , all afrcc tenant units are assigned to air expeditionary units and are subject to various mobilization mobilization orders along with their active duty and air force reserve counterparts in their full mobilization deployments . along with their federal reserve counterparts , as state militia units the ===units=== of the mississippi ang are subject to being activated by order of the governor to provide protection of life and property , and preserve peace , order and public safety . its missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes , hurricanes , floods and forest fires , search and rescue , protection of vital emergency services , and support to national defense . | [
108,
108
] | 1 |
this somewhat autobiographical song told about burdon ' s father , who was a soldier during tough times , as well as young eric ' s adventures including his first smoke of a cigarette at 10 , to his meeting his first love at 13 . the final verse ===expressed=== his own regrets over struggling with society by saying : " my heart was so much stronger then , i believed in fellow men , and i was so much older then . when i was young " . this song is notable for its dominant guitar , played by an electric guitar as well as a bass . it is also distinctive for its instrumentation , a heavily distorted guitar ' s often abrupt rapid transition from e to f . this song begins in a major , and ends in g minor . the b - side " a girl named sandoz " is named after the drug company that invented lsd . later it was used for a british tv show . in later years , burdon began to mention many people who left at the end of the song . | [
49,
49
] | 0 |
the firm was officially founded as kurt salmon associates ( ksa ) in 1935 by kurt salmon , a german immigrant from cologne . he was professionally educated at chemnitz textile university and visited the united states in 1928 at the invitation of his father to gain experience in the emerging economy of rural german america . although he did not originally intend to settle in the united states , he was deeply impressed with the country and decided to stay on . after a series of engineering jobs with two hosiery companies , he ===opened=== his own engineering firm to redesign manufacturing processes in the needle industry . although operated as a partnership , kma was originally organized as a limited corporation owned solely by the founders of the firm . | [
95,
95
] | 0 |
radheshyam received a degree in an acting institute in 2009 . she continued to act in short films made under director ramesh ghai ' s whistling woods international . she also debuted with bollywood director faisal saif ' s first feature film , aap ghantey mien : 2 - d that was listed under the top 10 boldest category of 2012 by the times of india . filmmaker and producer ravi kapoor approached her for his film , india in the city , but she declined to appear in it . she also ===worked=== in marathi remake of chopra ' s classic classic , dil se dil maang , which is titled the new film , ' dil se dil ' . since the 2013 she has been acting in films directed by director vijay saif , which includes the feature films ghantey mien paanch crore , main kisim , india dreams , indian dreams and the under - production , bollywood dreams 2 . | [
93,
93
] | 0 |
sunnyside farm is the title of a 1997 bbc comedy television series . the original premise was that brothers ray and ken sunnyside ran the fictional sunnyside farm . ray , played by david brett , is a physically repulsive individual , and ===wants=== to get his brother committed to a mental institution so he can sell the farm and spend the money on the good life ; ken ( david brett himself ) , while not the most impressive pencil in the world at least has a few physically pleasing character traits . other regular guests to appear in the show were robin cook and julian lennon . the show ' s theme tune was written and performed by damone himself and , incorrectly although it was credited to albarn ' s band ) . | [
43,
43
] | 0 |
belmont open space is a one hectare public park and site of local importance for nature conservation in cockfosters in the london borough of barnet . it is a flat , open grass ===site=== , behind several residential properties . it has a fair range of wild flowers , such as wild rosemary and wild parsley . mature trees include oaks and horse chestnuts . the local bird ringing scheme has recorded an impressive collection of species , including tits , great spotted and lesser spotted , and small cranes , willows , and blackcaps . access is from norrys road and park avenue . | [
33,
33
] | 0 |
each tie in every round , apart from the final , was played over two legs , with each team playing one leg at home . the team with the higher aggregate score over the two legs ===advanced=== to the next round . if aggregate score finished level , then the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progressed . if away goals were also equal , 30 minutes of extra time were played . if there were goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level , the away team qualified by virtue of more away goals scored . if no goals were scored during extra time , there was a penalty shootout after extra time . | [
37,
37
] | 0 |
the lascelles were part of a network of mercantile interests in london , yorkshire , ireland , new england and barbados . while unconnected to the british family of the same name , various branches were active across england , including at south shields , manchester , whitby , york , york , scarborough and the border towns . the ===members=== tended to use the same surname ( william , francis , robert , henry james ) , which often causes confusion . william ( francis ) was born in 1625 , at stank hall , near st lawrenceton , the son of william lascelles ( died before 1642 ) and elizabeth wadeson ( died 1644 ? ) . he had three brothers , robert ( 1617 , died before 1640 ) , peregrine ( 1619 - 1658 ) and thomas ( died 1664 ? ) . in 1630 , he married jane st quentin ( 1613 - 1658 ) and they had eight children , two boys of whom two survived with their mother ; edward ( died around 1655 ? ) and his eldest son , daniel ( died 1664 ? ) . he died at home in london , and was buried in the local church of st lawrence . | [
60,
60
] | 0 |
the nyabarongo river originates in southwestern rwanda to the east of lake kivu . the river ' s headwaters rise in the mountain chain that covers most of the western third of rwanda , to the north of the great western plateau . the other streams in the high mountain range , rising at ===altitudes=== of 2 , 600 to 2 , 800 metres ( 8 , 530 to 9 , 500 cu yd ) above sea level , are the " red " congo and mwogo rivers . the largest of the streams that feed the red congo is the red congo river , which rises in the nyungwe range . the rukarara flows north and then east , emptying into the big congo river . the mwogo flows south , merging with the " red " congo river west of the great western plateau . from this confluence , the river assumes the name " black congo " . the source of the black congo river is a contender for the overall source of the nile , the most significant nile river . | [
54,
54
] | 0 |
in 1890 , the state legislature established the washington state normal school ( wsns ) in ellensburg for " the training and education of teachers in the art of instructing and governing in the public schools of this state . " the state college is still being operated at the old university of washington at ( now ) state college in west seattle . in 1893 , the university ' s first building was constructed and named barge hall , in honor of the first wsns principal , william barge jr . this building was added to the national historic historic register places in 1988 . in subsequent years , the university constructed many new buildings to accommodate a growing student population including : james smith hall ( 1911 ) ; smyser hall ( 1918 ) ; john smith hall ( 1925 ) ; john lombard hall ( 1932 ) ; and mcconnell auditorium ( 1935 ) . while the university ' s architecture reflected a classic romanesque style , the style of its buildings included elements of post - victorian along with spanish colonial revival , neo - classical and classical revival styles . in the post - victorian " era " , as ===its campus=== expanded , cwu saw construction of the science building i ( 1997 ) ; black hall ( 2002 ) ; the student life and recreation facility ( 2006 ) ; jerrilyn mcintire music education facility ( 2007 ) ; john anderson electrical and mechanical building ( 2008 ) , the science building ( 2012 ) , science building iii ( 2016 ) , and the robert miller student center ( 2017 ) . | [
205,
206
] | 1 |
the thermo - dielectric effect is the production of electric currents and charge separation during phase transition . this remarkable effect was observed by brazilian physicist , luis de sousa , starting in 1954 . the brazilian physicist observed that solidification and melting of many liquid - crystalline phases are accompanied by charge separation . a thermo - dielectric effect was demonstrated with two different rubbers , like the rubber , and ice melt . charge separation in ice was also ===demonstrated=== . this effect was observed during water freeze period , and storm damage can be caused by this strange effect . it was noticed by many researchers like luisinho , armando dias tavares , carlos alberto de sousa , etc . cesar lattes ( co - author , of the pion ) supposed that this was the only phenomenon ever to be observed entirely in nature . | [
81,
81
] | 1 |
in january 2014 , fergie began work on a second studio album . the lead single from the album , " l . a . life ( la version ) " , was produced by dj mustard and released on the album artwork released by interscope records . the song was ===sent=== for instant download and serviced to contemporary hit radio on the radio show loaded . prior to the song ' s official release , an unfinished acoustic demo was leaked online . the official remix was released on her mixtape club life featuring compton rapper yg , which later became the version used in the music video for the song and featured on the album . | [
51,
51
] | 1 |
the station was established in 1909 . the first lighthouse was constructed in 1912 , as the northernmost of a cluster of nine lights at the mouth of brisbane river . made of timber frame clad with corrugated iron , it was the eight and last of its type to be built , the first seven being at sea hill light , grassy hill light , goods island light , old head light , old head , south head light , north point hummock light ( demolished ) and south point redland light station ( demolished ) . in 1979 the ===light=== was replaced by a skeletal tower , and transferred to the queensland maritime museum . the original tower is now used by an oil well . the tower went through renovation in 1989 , replacing leaking and damaged stone with concrete blocks . the top glass window was also painted , and access was improved . | [
101,
101
] | 1 |
software which lacks a decent process management can have poor responsiveness even on a fast machine . on the other hand , even slow hardware can run responsive software . it is much more important that a ===computer=== actually spend the available resources in the best way possible . for instance , it makes sense to let the mouse programs run at a very high speed to provide smooth mouse interactions . for long - term operations , such as printing , downloading or copying of data the most important factor is to provide the auto - feedback and not the performance of the system since it can quite well operate in the background , using only spare processor resources . | [
37,
37
] | 0 |
vatikiotis was born in indianapolis on 30 july 1957 . he graduated from the school of oriental and african studies in 1977 with a first - class honours degree and then a doctor of letters at st antony ' ' s college , oxford in 1984 . he studied asian modern literature and languages and his doctoral research was on the northern thailand city of chiang mai . after a year working as a production assistant with the film production corporation in india , the film company where he worked as a correspondent in 1983 , and was then transferred to london as a bbc correspondent in 1986 . he joined the far eastern economic review as london bureau chief in 1988 . he ===worked=== as bureau chief for the magazine in kuala lumpur ( 1991 - 94 ) and bangkok ( 1995 - 96 ) , where he was also president of the foreign affairs journalists ' association of india . | [
124,
124
] | 0 |
saint - martin de crau as they were originally known were founded in 1974 by jean chaput and began life in the local regional league . in the 1979 / 80 they reached the federal division semi - finals and also during the 1980s they hosted the soviet union olympic football team , changed their name to csc crau and ===bid=== farewell to coach and president jean dumont , who stepped down . in 1990 the cadets ( football ) team were crowned champions of france . the club reached the national cup final in 2000 and then won the coupe falcou in 2002 . in 2013 they once again missed out on promotion when they lost out to as preixan at the semi - final stage . the following season though saw the club promoted to national division 2 for the first time . in the 2016 - 17 the club enjoyed their best ever season reaching the end of season play - offs before losing to us entraigues . | [
60,
60
] | 0 |
notodoris gardineri can reach more than 10 cm long . in different geographical areas the body colour of the species can vary . in the archipelagoes of the maldives and laccadives , the body is black with yellow markings while in the rest of the species range the body is white with black markings . the size and number of spots vary from one locality to another . the gills are located in the center of the mouth side , they are yellow and surrounded by small round spots . the body is stiff and protected by small white protective plates . the gill openings themselves are smooth , simple , yellow and retractable . the " major " species can be mistaken for a " minor " , whose body colour is also ===black=== with black markings except that in the latter the colour forms spots on the abdomen and not spots . | [
134,
134
] | 1 |
the gosashi tomb is supposedly the resting place of empress jingu , who ruled japan as a regent . the largest remaining intact , square - shaped tomb is in hiroshima prefecture , japan . in 1976 , japan banned all american archaeologists from studying the tombs . in 2006 , japan allowed limited access to korean tombs , but the japan times reported that , " the military has ===made=== access to the tombs illegal , prompting speculation that they fear excavation would reveal bloodline ties between the " pure " imperial family and koreans — or that some tombs contain no human remains at all " . the archaeologists discovered " 14 japanese terracotta tablets . | [
70,
70
] | 0 |
joan and bill keller opened the first le travel store in pacific beach in november 1976 after noticing that independent travelers going to europe , asia , and latin america were often using outdoor gear such as backpacks rather than more traditional luggage , but that no retail businesses were specifically geared towards these independent backpackers . the founding of le travel store coincided with an increase in the popularity and visibility of destination brands , which was also giving rise to several other companies , such as ===blue=== planet , eagle creek , and blue sky resorts , that sought to appeal to these tourists . le travel store was one of the original tenants when horton plaza opened in 1991 , and then in 1994 , it was one of the first local businesses to move into san diego ' s gaslamp quarter during that year ' s urban renewal . since its establishment however , le travel store has done mail order business , at first with a print catalog , and then , from 1996 on , at its le trade store concept . le travel store closed its doors in 2013 when the owners retired . | [
88,
88
] | 1 |
hitcham was a village in buckinghamshire , england . today it is situated about 2½ miles away from the extended village of burnham ( where the 2011 census was taken ) and is no longer marked on ordnance survey 1 : 2500 grid reference as a separate parish . it is to the west of burnham , close to the village of burnham itself , and adjacent to the common on which burnham beeches stands . the village name ' hitcham ' is anglo saxon in origin , and means ' the white mander ' s ===field=== ' . in the domesday book of 1086 the village was described as in - ham . the civil parish of hitcham was abolished in 1935 under a boundary changes order , with the northern part going to burnham district , a larger but less populous part going to littlehampton , and a further part , going to burnham borough . the road hitcham lane still exists , and contains the old barn , a former manor house , now subdivided into several small residential properties . | [
96,
96
] | 1 |
radyo natin padre garcia first went on the air on 105 . 5 fm as a dual affiliate of mbc and the philippine branch of the faith broadcasting network , heavily carrying religious programs during radyo natin ' s clearance for local programming and preempting the latter , except during news of utmost importance . the station was noted for ===its=== lengthy disclaimers from filipino broadcasters disassociating its religious content from that of filipino ' s and international audiences who were already familiar with mbc providing its religious stingers and sermonettes . due to lack of funds and scheduling conflicts , the station was forced to close down by its owners 2000 . the frequency , however , rotated daily between distant feeds from both la union city and angeles city , pampanga during the abc morning news hour . notably , then , former abc affiliate john thomas reyes was the station ' s newscaster under this timeframe , with his tenure lasting from 1999 until his promotion to the main station in 2002 . | [
60,
60
] | 1 |
this is a scale insect , a tiny insect which is most easily identified by the female , which attaches itself to a host plant , loses its legs , and remains stationary covered by a somewhat rounded scale - like shield of wax . in this species , the wax forms a small , circular ===area=== which is white , pink , or red in color . it is up to 0 . 1 mm . wide . the seed within is no more than 0 . 4 millimeters long . the winged male of this species also produces a scale . | [
56,
56
] | 0 |
triangle was formed in the fall of 1906 by sixteen civil engineering juniors at the university of illinois . it was officially incorporated on september 6 1907 . the day of incorporation has been ===known=== as brothers ' day , and triangle celebrates it annually , at each chapter . triangle ' s charter document reads , " the purpose of triangle shall be to form a fraternity of engineers , architects and builders . it shall carry out its purpose by establishing chapters that admit young men who cultivate high moral character , foster loyal service , and live their lives with honor . " | [
34,
34
] | 0 |
the c . ii was derived from the earlier brandenburg kdd prototype , ( lft serial 60 . 56 ) , and two batches were ordered by the lft , as the mercedes d . iii powered series 66 . 5 and hiero 6 powered series 67 . 5 . , in 1916 . the 67 . 5 aircraft were re - engined , in the b . 8 series , but the development plan with brandenburg was terminated in september 1915 , as the lft and the newly formed german war ministry preferred production by in - house companies like ufag and agfag , which , nevertheless , produced their own aircraft . the c . ii fuselage followed contemporary " british " fashion with a forward fuselage and a " true " wooden structure , sitting on top of the rear fuselage . the traditional ' v ' or ' pyramid ' wing strut ===system=== , consisted of four pairs of parallel struts attached to the wing root at the top and at a constant - chord chord , coming to a point in the middle of the rear fuselage area . unlike the british , the c . ii cockpit did not overlap the wing root , but the cockpit was still sat under the centre - section with difficult ingress and some handling difficulties , especially in case of an accident . wings and controls surfaces were all fitted with wood or fabric - covered control surfaces and tail -wheel fixed undercarriage . | [
156,
156
] | 0 |
rogers began his career with local club chatteris town before being signed by peterborough united in 1975 . he was released in 1978 and had a brief spell with norwich on loan , before joining bury in 1979 . rogers was signed by plymouth argyle in 1981 where he would be a regular member of the first - team for the " hawks " , making 195 appearances in all competitions , scoring 19 goals . he featured for them in the 1983 – fa youth cup semi - finals at villa park . he scored a consolation goal in the ===semi=== - finals against derby county at the baseball park , netting from a free kick . he was signed by fulham in the summer of 1985 , where he would make 60 league appearances for the elm park side , scoring four goals , before spending a season with cambridge united . he played out his career in non - league football , playing for first afc wimbledon , and then for farnham town . | [
101,
101
] | 1 |
the eindhoven water towers in eindhoven , netherlands , were designed by w . g . quist ( chief landscape architect of the city , 1974 – 1995 ) and built in 1969 . in early 1968 , the older water tower on the street of the city hall proved to be unstable . due to its lack of maintenance and subsequent deterioration , the tower could no longer meet the required standards . thus it was decided that a new one should be built at the adjacent water company company headquarters , around the corner from the old tower and the water company headquarters . the tower consists of two large tanks , each ===mounted=== on its own 44 . 45 m ( 142 . 6 ft ) spire . each tank is 10 m ( 33 ft ) in diameter , capable of holding 2 m³n of water ( 132 . 7 cu ft . ) . the resulting group of six water - towers together form the largest water tower complex in the netherlands . | [
115,
115
] | 0 |
westica was a nation of free individuals for thousands of years until skuljagger and his men took over the island in less than a day . the inexposed pirates , led by captain lucius khan skuljagger , ruled the nation of westica ; making the citizens into their slaves . they were ruled over with an iron grip . the only time that the people were free anymore was on mask day ; where they would dress up in magical masks and become slaves to the kiltish army . stories about how it was better before the evil pirates even arrived proliferated only on that one day of the year and boosted the morale of the ===whole population=== of the island for a year until the pirates arrived . storm jaxon steals captain lucius khan devil ' s magical sword so that he can free the people of westica . when mask day was lost due to the pirate attack , the westicans began to revolt . after ten years of searching for magic that made skuljagger and his men into rich men , they were ready to take back their land from their captors . | [
116,
117
] | 1 |
the primary high - speed motorways are called autoceste ( [ ˈaʊtotsesta ] ; singular : autocesta ) , and they are defined as roads with at least three lanes in each direction ( including hard shoulder ) and a speed limit of not less than 80 kilometres per hour ( 50 mph ) . they are marked with a ===green=== road sign , similar to the road signs depicting a motorway / autoroute / expressway standard in other parts of europe . the croatian motorway ( a4a ) , is 1 , 313 . 8 kilometres ( 7500 . 8 mi ) long . motorway names in croatia are regulated by the croatian communications company , transport and infrastructure . the same applies to all of the major interchanges and service areas . | [
60,
60
] | 1 |
hastings a school was completed in 1953 , where it opened as a girls secondary school . at around this time the hastings campus was made up of b - blocks and the school hall . with the opening of the new school in priory road in north hastings west , ( next to castledown park ) , hillcrest accepted both male and female pupils . in 2012 the school ===opened=== its 6th form . 2018 , saw the closure of hastings a school and the opening of the hastings academy . | [
70,
70
] | 1 |
the tournament was founded 73 years ago in 1946 , and honors the history of golf by using an official scottish tartan plaid jacket for its champions and top committee chairmen . another tradition for colonial courses is the wall of champions on the first tee , along with the name and picture of each champion dating back to 1946 , ===including=== the 1975 tournament players championship , 1980 u . s . open , and 1991 u . s . women ' s open . the tournament is unofficially associated with ben hogan ( died – 1997 ) , the long - time fort worth resident who won the tournament five times , the most of any player . one of the top players in pga history , he won ten major championships , six after a near - fatal automobile accident in 1949 that kept him hospitalized for three weeks . hogan ' s last six major championships were consecutive in age ; a statue of him at swingland is outside the clubhouse . ^ ^ michelle lee williams played in the 1999 event and became the first woman to play in a pga tour event in 58 years , since mary jo smith only made three cuts as an amateur in 1945 . ^ michelle lee ' s participation drew high national attention , but she shot 72 and 74 and missed the cut by four strokes . | [
61,
61
] | 1 |
it was opened in 1852 by the oxford , worcester and wolverhampton railway . local coal mining and cotton mills led to rapid industrialisation of the area and greater usage of the line in the early 20th century , but traffic had declined badly by the 1960s . in 1858 , a axle broke on an excursion train at the station and the rear end rolled back down the hill from gospel oak railway station towards longhope lane where it collided with another train ( which was apparently part of the same train , the train already having been slightly divided once due to its shorter length ) ; five were killed and 50 more injured . the line had reasonable passenger traffic until about the early 1880s , when it began to slump at several ===points=== , leading to the line becoming a general freight only operation in 1887 . it would remain open for goods traffic , which was rare at this time , as the district had become increasingly industrialised in the then recent decline of the black country ' s industrial revolution . as the local population grew and road transport became more important , the station entered a post - world war 2 decline . british railways closed the station post - grouping reorganisation in 1948 . two railways / companies served the station - originally the ow & mr and the midland counties railway , which later became the great western railway and london , midland and scottish railway ( through amalgamation of the london and north western railway ) respectively . | [
136,
136
] | 0 |
the show was known as either ford startime — tv ' s finest hour or lincoln – mercury startime , depending on which division of the ford motor company was presenting commercials within that show . the contents varied from week to week — movies , light comedies , and variety shows were all featured . the show was always ===shown=== on tuesday nights . initially , from the beginning through the end of 1959 , the show was broadcast 9 : 30 – 10 : 30 pm ( est ) - but , beginning on tuesdays in 1961 , the show was broadcast 8 : 30 – 9 : 30 pm ( est ) . also , some of the shows first broadcast in 1960 were ninety minutes long , continuing to be repeated . some of the presentations of this series might be called tryouts — for example , dean martin did two short segments within this show , several years before he had his own successful variety show . the same is true for mitch miller , and , to a lesser degree , artie moores . | [
60,
60
] | 0 |
in the late 1980s , two educators , rachel belash , head of miss porter ' s school ( ct ) and president of the coalition of girls ' boarding schools and arlene gibson , head of kent place school ( nj ) and president of the coalition of girls ' day schools , each issued a call to action among their respective all - girls boarding and day school colleagues . these two educators had no illusions about the value and benefit of all - girls education because of their own deep and well - established personal perceptions of how girls succeed and succeed . their purpose : to systematically measure those benefits and share that experience broadly . these educators ===decided=== their observations and understandings would be measured through empirical research . therefore , in 1989 and 1990 , two independently yet complementary projects were undertaken : | [
122,
122
] | 1 |
eurybia schreberi is native to the eastern united states and canada . in the latter case , it is ===found=== only in ontario . in the u . s . , it can be found in every state east of texas , iowa , illinois , kentucky and missouri , except for in florida , and to its north . it has also been introduced to europe , especially to scotland . it is most common at elevations from 0 . 25 meters ( 0 . 81 ft ) in damp to wet , deciduous hardwood woods , most often those with maple , pine or oak , as well as in dry meadows and along steep slopes too . | [
19,
19
] | 0 |
shmohawk or schmohawk is a slang term that might have derived from schmo , a slang term meaning fool . the animated television show curb your enthusiasm gave the word some prominence . early uses of the term can be found in the crusader fox animated short " crusader and the mighty seven mighty american riverboats " , released in 1950 and in richard wrightson ' s 1952 book henderson the pirate king . " fool " or " foolface " itself is the word mohawk with the prefix shm - . in english , this prefix has a mocking or dismissive meaning . the yiddish sh - word ' s english language meaning is derived from the yiddish language , in which the term has been used to ===some=== effect . | [
129,
129
] | 0 |
the pyreolophore ( french : [ pi . ʁe . ɔ . lɔ . fɔʁ ] , pea - ray - oh - loh - for ) was one of the world ' s first internal combustion engines . it was invented in the early 19th century in chalon - sur - marne department , france , by the two brothers ' brothers : nicephore ( who went on to invent insulin ) and charles . in 1801 the brothers ran a prototype internal combustion engine , and on further testing , a patent was granted by napoleon iii after it had successfully powered a boat launched on the river seine nearby . the " de ville " engine relied on what were said to be " controlled dust explosions " of various experimental kinds . the apparatus included a mixture of mixtures of black coal dust ( the equivalent of the german black coal ball , or clubmoss ) , finely ground coals , and steam . working independently , in 1804 the french engineer francois isaac de rivaz devised the de rivaz engine , a steam - powered internal combustion engine . these practical engineering experiments may have followed the earlier successful demonstration of an internal combustion engine by the dutch engineer johan van der hamme . the two , but contemporaneous implementations of this system in different modes of operation means that the " de ville " engine may be correctly described as the first use of an internal combustion engine in an aircraft ( 1808 ) , while the pyreolophore was the first use of an internal combustion engine in a ===ship=== ( 1807 ) . | [
275,
275
] | 0 |
the jesuit missionary clemente guillen founded mission dolores in 1721 and sponsored by the marques de villapuente de la pena , on the gulf coast of baja california sur , mexico , about midway between loreto and la paz in baja california sur , mexico . dolores drew its initial neophytes from the earlier , smaller mission at la cruz or trinidad , to the north . in 1723 , the mission station was moved to the guaycura settlement of el rosario , some distance farther inland from the coast . it was moved again in 1727 by bishop garcia lopez to a place which had previously served as its mission mission of la concepcion concepcion , known as chilla or la magdalena bella ( " the beautiful holy water " ) , about 25 kilometers south of san luis . the mission was subsequently elevated to the status of a visita of mission san luis gonzaga . it was finally abandoned in 1768 , when the mexican republic took over administration of the baja california peninsula from the spanish . the remaining mission buildings there were relocated to ===el rosario mission=== . | [
189,
191
] | 1 |
Subsets and Splits