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8501
[ "To", "further", "explore", "the", "ramifications", "of", "CD19", "signaling", ",", "the", "current", "study", "examined", "whether", "phosphorylation", "of", "Elk-1", ",", "activation", "of", "activator", "protein-1", "(", "AP-1", ")", ",", "or", "activation", "of", "nuclear", "factor-kappaB", "(", "NF-kappaB", ")", "transcription", "factors", "occurred", "following", "CD19", "cross-linking", "." ]
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8502
[ "The", "cells", "used", "were", "the", "BLIN-1", "pre-B", "cell", "line", "expressing", "low", "levels", "of", "cell", "surface", "mu", "heavy", "chain", "associated", "with", "surrogate", "light", "chain", "and", "the", "1E8", "immature", "B", "cell", "line", "expressing", "cell", "surface", "mu/kappa", "." ]
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8503
[ "Lysates", "from", "CD19", "cross-linked", "1E8", "cells", "induced", "robust", "phosphorylation", "of", "an", "Elk-1", "fusion", "protein", "in", "vitro", ",", "whereas", "no", "phosphorylation", "of", "Elk-1", "fusion", "protein", "occurred", "using", "lysates", "from", "CD19", "cross-linked", "BLIN-1", "cells", "." ]
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8504
[ "An", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assay", "employing", "AP-1", "and", "NF-kappaB", "consensus", "oligonucleotides", "was", "used", "to", "demonstrate", "that", "AP-1", "-binding", "activity", "increased", ",", "while", "constitutive", "NF-kappaB", "-binding", "activity", "was", "not", "enhanced", ",", "following", "2", "h", "of", "CD19", "cross-linking", "in", "1E8", "cells", ".", "Supershift", "experiments", "revealed", "that", "JunD", "and", "c-Fos", "proteins", "mediated", "anti-", "CD19", "induced", "AP-1", "-binding", "activity", "in", "1E8", "cells", "." ]
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8505
[ "In", "contrast", ",", "CD19", "cross-linking", "in", "BLIN-1", "cells", "resulted", "in", "the", "induction", "of", "NF-kappaB", ",", "but", "had", "no", "apparent", "effect", "on", "AP-1", "-binding", "activity", "." ]
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8506
[ "These", "data", "suggest", "that", "CD19", "-mediated", "signal", "transduction", "activates", "different", "transcription", "factors", "at", "juxtaposed", "stages", "of", "B", "cell", "development", "that", "may", "culminate", "in", "the", "activation", "or", "suppression", "of", "distinct", "sets", "of", "genes", "." ]
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8507
[ "Oxidants", ",", "transcription", "factors", ",", "and", "intestinal", "inflammation", "." ]
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8508
[ "It", "is", "now", "well", "appreciated", "that", "chronic", "gut", "inflammation", "is", "characterized", "by", "enhanced", "production", "of", "reactive", "metabolites", "of", "oxygen", "and", "nitrogen", "." ]
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8509
[ "Some", "of", "these", "oxidants", "are", "known", "to", "modulate", "the", "expression", "of", "a", "variety", "of", "genes", "that", "are", "involved", "in", "the", "immune", "and", "inflammatory", "responses", "." ]
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8510
[ "For", "example", ",", "certain", "oxidants", "are", "known", "to", "activate", "the", "nuclear", "transcription", "factor", "kappa", "B", ",", "which", "regulates", "the", "expression", "of", "a", "variety", "of", "different", "adhesion", "molecules", ",", "cytokines", ",", "and", "enzymes", "." ]
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8511
[ "Oxidants", "are", "also", "known", "to", "activate", "another", "transcription", "factor", ",", "activator", "protein-1", "." ]
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8512
[ "This", "transcription", "factor", "is", "composed", "of", "products", "from", "the", "fos", "and", "jun", "proto-oncogene", "family", "and", "is", "believed", "to", "be", "important", "in", "regulating", "cell", "growth", "and", "proliferation", "." ]
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8513
[ "Finally", ",", "oxidants", "are", "believed", "to", "promote", "intestinal", "epithelial", "cell", "apoptosis", ",", "and", "the", "B-cell", "lymphoma/leukemia-2", "gene", "product", "is", "believed", "to", "inhibit", "this", "phenomenon", "in", "an", "antioxidant-dependent", "manner", "." ]
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8514
[ "Taken", "together", ",", "these", "observations", "suggest", "that", "nontoxic", "concentrations", "of", "reactive", "metabolites", "of", "oxygen", "and", "nitrogen", "play", "an", "important", "role", "in", "regulating", "the", "expression", "of", "genes", "involved", "in", "the", "inflammatory", "response", "and", "in", "modulating", "apoptosis", "." ]
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8515
[ "Identification", "of", "target", "genes", "of", "the", "lymphoid-specific", "transcription", "factor", "Oct2", "." ]
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8516
[ "The", "Oct2", "transcription", "factor", "is", "expressed", "predominantly", "in", "B", "lymphocytes", "and", "plays", "an", "essential", "role", "during", "the", "terminal", "phase", "of", "B", "cell", "differentiation", "." ]
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8517
[ "The", "regulatory", "regions", "of", "several", "genes", "specifically", "expressed", "in", "B", "cells", "contain", "functional", "binding", "sites", "for", "Oct2", "." ]
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8518
[ "Nevertheless", ",", "none", "of", "the", "genes", "originally", "thought", "to", "be", "regulated", "by", "Oct2", "were", "affected", "in", "their", "expression", "in", "Oct2-deficient", "B", "cells", "." ]
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8519
[ "In", "an", "attempt", "to", "find", "such", "elusive", "Oct2", "target", "genes", "and", "to", "understand", "the", "molecular", "function", "of", "Oct2", "in", "B", "cell", "development", ",", "we", "isolated", "cDNAs", "for", "Oct2", "target", "genes", "." ]
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8520
[ "So", "far", ",", "we", "have", "identified", "five", "potential", "targets", "for", "Oct2", ":", "the", "membrane", "glycoprotein", "CD36", ",", "the", "cysteine-rich", "secreted", "protein", "3", "(", "CRISP-3", ")", ",", "a", "mouse", "homolog", "of", "the", "human", "monocyte/neutrophil", "elastase", "inhibitor", "(", "mEI", ")", "and", "two", "unknown", "cDNA", "sequences", "Nov1", "and", "Nov2", "." ]
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8521
[ "These", "target", "genes", "show", "quite", "distinct", "expression", "patterns", "demonstrating", "that", "transcription", "factors", "in", "addition", "to", "Oct2", "are", "involved", "in", "their", "regulation", "." ]
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8522
[ "Whereas", "CD36", "and", "mEI", "were", "expressed", "in", "all", "hematopoetic", "cell", "lines", "containing", "Oct2", ",", "." ]
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8523
[ "CRISP-3", "is", "pre-B", "cell-specific", ",", "Nov1", "is", "plasma", "B", "cell-specific", "and", "Nov2", "is", "B", "cell-specifically", "expressed", "." ]
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8524
[ "RFX-B", "is", "the", "gene", "responsible", "for", "the", "most", "common", "cause", "of", "the", "bare", "lymphocyte", "syndrome", ",", "an", "MHC", "class", "II", "immunodeficiency", "[", "published", "erratum", "appears", "in", "Immunity", "1999", "Mar", ";", "10", "(", "3", ")", ":", "399", "]" ]
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8525
[ "The", "bare", "lymphocyte", "syndrome", "(", "BLS", ")", "is", "characterized", "by", "the", "absence", "of", "MHC", "class", "II", "transcription", "and", "humoral-", "and", "cellular-mediated", "immune", "responses", "to", "foreign", "antigens", "." ]
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8526
[ "Three", "of", "the", "four", "BLS", "genetic", "complementation", "groups", "have", "defects", "in", "the", "activity", "of", "the", "MHC", "class", "II", "transcription", "factor", "RFX", "." ]
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8527
[ "We", "have", "purified", "the", "RFX", "complex", "and", "sequenced", "its", "three", "subunits", "." ]
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8528
[ "The", "sequence", "of", "the", "smallest", "subunit", "describes", "a", "novel", "gene", ",", "termed", "RFX-B", "." ]
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8529
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8530
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8531
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8532
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8533
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8534
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8535
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8536
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8537
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8538
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8539
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8540
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8541
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8542
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8543
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8544
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8545
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8546
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8547
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8548
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8549
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8550
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8551
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8552
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8553
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8554
[ "Instead", ",", "signal", "transduction", "to", "the", "human", "IL-2", "gene", "became", "disrupted", "." ]
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8555
[ "Heterokaryons", "formed", "by", "the", "fusion", "of", "anergic", "murine", "T", "cells", "to", "normal", "murine", "T", "cells", "also", "failed", "to", "accumulate", "intracellular", "IL-2", "protein", "in", "response", "to", "stimulation", "either", "with", "the", "combination", "of", "CD3", "and", "CD28", "mAbs", "or", "with", "ionomycin", "plus", "a", "protein", "kinase", "C", "-activating", "phorbol", "ester", "." ]
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8556
[ "The", "results", "argue", "against", "a", "loss-of-function", "signaling", "defect", "as", "the", "sole", "basis", "for", "clonal", "anergy", "induction", "and", "document", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "dominant-acting", "repressor", "molecule", "that", "inhibits", "signal", "transduction", "to", "the", "IL-2", "gene", "within", "viable", "anergic", "T", "cells", "." ]
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8557
[ "Comparison", "of", "HTLV-I", "basal", "transcription", "and", "expression", "of", "CREB/ATF-1/CREM", "family", "members", "in", "peripheral", "blood", "mononuclear", "cells", "and", "Jurkat", "T", "cells", "." ]
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8558
[ "HTLV-I", "is", "the", "etiologic", "agent", "of", "adult", "T-cell", "leukemia/lymphoma", "and", "is", "associated", "with", "tropical", "spastic", "paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated", "myelopathy", "." ]
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8559
[ "Following", "integration", "into", "the", "host", "cell", "genome", ",", "HTLV-I", "replication", "is", "regulated", "by", "both", "host", "and", "viral", "mechanisms", "that", "control", "transcription", "." ]
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8560
[ "Low", "levels", "of", "viral", "transcription", "(", "basal", "transcription", ")", "occur", "before", "expression", "of", "the", "virally", "encoded", "Tax", "protein", "(", "Tax", "-mediated", "transcription", ")", "." ]
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8561
[ "Members", "of", "the", "cyclic", "adenosine", "monophosphate", "(", "cAMP", ")", "response", "element", "binding", "(", "CREB", ")", "/activating", "transcription", "factor", "1", "(", "ATF-1", ")", "family", "of", "transcription", "factors", "bind", "three", "21-bp", "repeats", "(", "Tax-responsive", "element-1", ",", "or", "TRE-1", ")", "within", "the", "viral", "promoter", "and", "are", "important", "for", "basal", "and", "Tax-mediated", "transcription", "." ]
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8562
[ "Using", "mitogen", "stimulated", "and", "quiescent", "peripheral", "blood", "mononuclear", "cells", "(", "PBMC", ")", "and", "Jurkat", "cells", ",", "we", "compared", "differences", "in", "basal", "transcription", "and", "amounts", "and", "binding", "of", "transcription", "factors", "with", "TRE-1", "." ]
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8563
[ "We", "demonstrate", "that", "amounts", "of", "transcriptionally", "active", "phosphorylated", "CREB", "protein", "(", "P-CREB", ")", "differ", "between", "activated", "PBMC", "and", "Jurkat", "cells", "." ]
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8564
[ "Following", "stimulation", ",", "P-CREB", "levels", "remain", "elevated", "in", "PBMC", "for", "up", "to", "24", "hours", "whereas", "CREB", "is", "dephosphorylated", "in", "Jurkat", "cells", "within", "4", "hours", "following", "stimulation", "." ]
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8565
[ "The", "differences", "in", "P-CREB", "levels", "between", "PBMC", "and", "Jurkat", "cells", "were", "directly", "correlated", "with", "basal", "transcription", "of", "HTLV-I", "in", "the", "two", "cell", "types", "." ]
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8566
[ "Using", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", ",", "we", "determined", "that", "the", "pattern", "of", "band", "migration", "differed", "between", "the", "two", "cell", "types", "." ]
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8567
[ "These", "data", "demonstrate", "that", "PBMC", "differentially", "regulate", "basal", "HTLV-I", "transcription", "compared", "with", "Jurkat", "T", "cells", ",", "and", "this", "differential", "regulation", "is", "due", ",", "in", "part", "to", "differential", "phosphorylation", "and", "binding", "of", "CREB/ATF-1", "to", "TRE-1", "in", "the", "HTLV-I", "promoter", "." ]
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8568
[ "We", "demonstrate", "the", "utility", "of", "using", "primary", "lymphocyte", "models", "to", "study", "HTLV-I", "transcription", "in", "the", "context", "of", "cell", "signaling", "and", "suggest", "that", "activated", "PBMC", "maintain", "elevated", "levels", "of", "P-CREB", ",", "which", "promote", "basal", "HTLV-I", "transcription", "and", "enhance", "viral", "persistence", "in", "vivo", "." ]
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8569
[ "Anoxia/reoxygenation-induced", "tolerance", "with", "respect", "to", "polymorphonuclear", "leukocyte", "adhesion", "to", "cultured", "endothelial", "cells", "." ]
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8570
[ "A", "nuclear", "factor-kappaB", "-mediated", "phenomenon", "." ]
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8571
[ "Exposing", "human", "umbilical", "vein", "endothelial", "cells", "(", "HUVECs", ")", "to", "anoxia/reoxygenation", "(", "A/R", ")", "results", "in", "an", "increase", "in", "polymorphonuclear", "leukocyte", "(", "PMN", ")", "adhesion", "to", "HUVECs", "." ]
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8572
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8573
[ "This", "phenomenon", "has", "been", "termed", "``", "A/R", "tolerance.", "''" ]
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8574
[ "Exposing", "HUVECs", "to", "A/R", "induces", "an", "increase", "in", "nuclear", "factor", "kappaB", "(", "NF-kappaB", ")", "in", "HUVEC", "nuclei", "within", "4", "hours", "." ]
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8575
[ "Interfering", "with", "either", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "(", "proteasome", "inhibitor", ")", "or", "translocation", "(", "double-stranded", "oligonucleotides", "containing", "NF-kappaB", "binding", "sequence", ")", "prevents", "the", "development", "of", "A/R", "tolerance", "(", "ie", ",", "the", "increase", "in", "A/R-induced", "PMN", "adhesion", "to", "HUVECs", "is", "the", "same", "after", "the", "first", "and", "second", "A/R", "challenges", ")", "." ]
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8576
[ "NO", "production", "by", "HUVECs", "is", "increased", "after", "the", "second", "A/R", "challenge", ",", "but", "not", "after", "the", "first", "A/R", "challenge", "." ]
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8577
[ "Inhibition", "of", "NO", "synthase", "(", "NOS", ")", "during", "the", "second", "A/R", "challenge", "prevents", "the", "development", "of", "A/R", "tolerance", "with", "respect", "to", "PMN", "adhesion", "." ]
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8578
[ "However", ",", "while", "HUVECs", "contained", "endothelial", "NOS", "protein", ",", "no", "inducible", "NOS", "was", "detected", "in", "either", "tolerant", "or", "nontolerant", "cells", "." ]
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8579
[ "Further", "studies", "indicated", "that", "inhibition", "of", "GTP-cyclohydrolase", "I", "(", "an", "enzyme", "involved", "in", "de", "novo", "synthesis", "of", "an", "important", "cofactor", "for", "NOS", "activity", ",", "tetrahydrobiopterin", ")", "prevented", "the", "generation", "of", "NO", "in", "A/R-tolerant", "cells", "." ]
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8580
[ "Extracellular", "generation", "of", "NO", "(", "NO", "donor", ")", "did", "not", "effect", "the", "hyperadhesion", "response", "induced", "by", "the", "initial", "A/R", "challenge", "." ]
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8581
[ "A/R", "also", "induced", "an", "oxidant", "stress", "in", "naive", "HUVECs", ",", "but", "not", "in", "A/R-tolerant", "HUVECs", "." ]
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8582
[ "Inhibition", "of", "NOS", "during", "the", "second", "A/R", "insult", "results", "in", "the", "generation", "of", "an", "oxidant", "stress", "similar", "to", "that", "observed", "after", "the", "first", "A/R", "challenge", "." ]
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8583
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8584
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8585
[ "Mildly", "oxidized", "low-density", "lipoproteins", "decrease", "early", "production", "of", "interleukin", "2", "and", "nuclear", "factor", "kappaB", "binding", "to", "DNA", "in", "activated", "T-lymphocytes", "." ]
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8586
[ "Activated", "T-lymphocytes", "are", "found", "early", "in", "atherosclerosis", "lesions", ",", "but", "little", "is", "known", "about", "their", "role", "." ]
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8587
[ "Oxidized", "low-density", "lipoproteins", "(", "oxLDLs", ")", "are", "considered", "to", "be", "involved", "in", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "the", "lesions", ",", "and", "we", "have", "previously", "demonstrated", "that", "oxLDLs", "inhibit", "not", "only", "interleukin", "(", "IL", ")", "-2-receptor", "expression", "on", "the", "surface", "of", "in", "vitro-activated", "T-lymphocytes", "but", "also", "their", "proliferation", "." ]
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8588
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8589
[ "Mildly", "oxLDLs", "(", "50", "and", "100", "microgram/ml", ")", "decreased", "the", "number", "of", "lymphoblasts", "and", "the", "level", "of", "IL-2", "concentration", "in", "the", "culture", "supernatants", "after", "activation", "of", "lymphocytes", "by", "phytohaemagglutinin", "and", "PMA+ionomycin", "." ]
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8590
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8591
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8592
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8593
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8594
[ "The", "B29", "(", "immunoglobulin", "beta-chain", ")", "gene", "is", "a", "genetic", "target", "for", "early", "B-cell", "factor", "." ]
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8595
[ "Early", "B-cell", "factor", "(", "EBF", ")", "is", "a", "transcription", "factor", "suggested", "as", "essential", "for", "early", "B-lymphocyte", "development", "by", "findings", "in", "mice", "where", "the", "coding", "gene", "has", "been", "inactivated", "by", "homologous", "disruption", "." ]
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8596
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8597
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8598
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8599
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8600
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