id
stringlengths
1
5
tokens
sequence
ner_tags
sequence
14601
[ "We", "find", "that", "a", "short", "enhancer", "element", "containing", "the", "NF-kappa", "B", "binding", "site", "from", "the", "interleukin-2", "receptor", "alpha-chain", "gene", "(", "IL-2R", "alpha", ")", "is", "preferentially", "activated", "in", "T", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
14602
[ "The", "IL-2R", "alpha", "enhancer", "binds", "NF-kappa", "B", "poorly", "and", "is", "only", "weakly", "activated", "by", "the", "NF-kappa", "B", "site", "alone", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]
14603
[ "Serum", "response", "factor", "(", "SRF", ")", "binds", "to", "a", "site", "adjacent", "to", "the", "NF-kappa", "B", "site", "in", "the", "IL-2R", "enhancer", ",", "and", "both", "sites", "together", "have", "strong", "transcriptional", "activity", "specifically", "in", "T", "cells", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
14604
[ "Surprisingly", ",", "the", "levels", "of", "SRF", "constitutively", "expressed", "in", "T", "cells", "are", "consistently", "higher", "than", "in", "other", "cell", "types", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14605
[ "Overexpression", "of", "SRF", "in", "B", "cells", "causes", "the", "IL-2R", "enhancer", "to", "function", "as", "well", "as", "it", "does", "in", "T", "cells", ",", "suggesting", "that", "the", "high", "level", "of", "SRF", "binding", "in", "T", "cells", "is", "functionally", "important", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14606
[ "Mutual", "regulation", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "activator", "NF-kappa", "B", "and", "its", "inhibitor", ",", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]
14607
[ "The", "NK-kappa", "B", "transcription", "factor", "complex", "is", "sequestered", "in", "the", "cytoplasm", "by", "the", "inhibitory", "protein", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "(", "MAD-3", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
14608
[ "Various", "cellular", "stimuli", "relieve", "this", "inhibition", "by", "mechanisms", "largely", "unknown", ",", "leading", "to", "NF-kappa", "B", "nuclear", "localization", "and", "transactivation", "of", "its", "target", "genes", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14609
[ "It", "is", "demonstrated", "here", "with", "human", "T", "lymphocytes", "and", "monocytes", "that", "different", "stimuli", ",", "including", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "alpha", "and", "phorbol", "12-myristate", "13-acetate", ",", "cause", "rapid", "degradation", "of", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", ",", "with", "concomitant", "activation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", ",", "followed", "by", "a", "dramatic", "increase", "in", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "mRNA", "and", "protein", "synthesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14610
[ "Transfection", "studies", "reveal", "that", "the", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "mRNA", "and", "the", "encoded", "protein", "are", "potently", "induced", "by", "NF-kappa", "B", "and", "by", "homodimers", "of", "p65", "and", "of", "c-Rel", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
14611
[ "We", "propose", "a", "model", "in", "which", "NF-kappa", "B", "and", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "mutually", "regulate", "each", "other", "in", "a", "cycle", ":", "saturating", "amounts", "of", "the", "inhibitory", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "protein", "are", "destroyed", "upon", "stimulation", ",", "allowing", "rapid", "activation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
14612
[ "Subsequently", ",", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "mRNA", "and", "protein", "levels", "are", "quickly", "induced", "by", "the", "activated", "NF-kappa", "B", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
14613
[ "This", "resurgence", "of", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "protein", "acts", "to", "restore", "an", "equilibrium", "in", "which", "NF-kappa", "B", "is", "again", "inhibited", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14614
[ "Replication", "of", "type", "1", "human", "immunodeficiency", "viruses", "containing", "linker", "substitution", "mutations", "in", "the", "-201", "to", "-130", "region", "of", "the", "long", "terminal", "repeat", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14615
[ "In", "previous", "transfection", "analyses", "using", "the", "chloramphenicol", "acetyltransferase", "reporter", "gene", "system", ",", "we", "determined", "that", "linker", "substitution", "(", "LS", ")", "mutations", "between", "-201", "and", "-130", "(", "relative", "to", "the", "transcription", "start", "site", ")", "of", "the", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "type", "1", "long", "terminal", "repeat", "(", "LTR", ")", "caused", "moderate", "decreases", "in", "LTR", "transcriptional", "activity", "in", "a", "T-cell", "line", "(", "S.L.Zeichner", ",", "J.Y.H.", "Kim", ",", "and", "J.C.Alwine", ",", "J.Virol.65", ":", "2436-2444", ",", "1991", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14616
[ "In", "order", "to", "confirm", "the", "significance", "of", "this", "region", "in", "the", "context", "of", "viral", "replication", ",", "we", "constructed", "several", "of", "these", "LS", "mutations", "(", "-201", "to", "-", "184", ",", "-183", "to", "-166", ",", "-165", "to", "-148", ",", "and", "-148", "to", "-130", ")", "in", "proviruses", "and", "prepared", "viral", "stocks", "by", "cocultivation", "of", "transfected", "RD", "cells", "with", "CEMx174", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]
14617
[ "In", "addition", ",", "two", "mutations", "between", "-93", "and", "-76", "and", "between", "-75", "and", "-58", "were", "utilized", ",", "since", "they", "affect", "the", "nuclear", "factor", "kappa", "B", "(", "NF-kappa", "B", ")", "-", "and", "Sp1-binding", "sites", "and", "were", "expected", "to", "diminish", "viral", "replication", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14618
[ "Our", "results", "suggest", "that", "while", "transfection", "analyses", "offer", "an", "adequate", "approximation", "of", "the", "effects", "of", "the", "LS", "mutations", ",", "the", "analysis", "of", "viral", "replication", "using", "a", "mutant", "viral", "stock", "presents", "a", "more", "accurate", "picture", ",", "which", "is", "sometimes", "at", "variance", "with", "the", "transfection", "results", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14619
[ "Three", "mutants", "(", "-201/-184", "NXS", ",", "-165/-148", "NXS", ",", "and", "-147/-130", "NXS", ")", "had", "effects", "on", "viral", "replication", "that", "were", "much", "more", "severe", "than", "the", "effects", "predicted", "from", "their", "performance", "in", "transfection", "analyses", ",", "and", "the", "effects", "of", "two", "LS", "mutations", "(", "-201/-184", "NXS", "and", "-183/-166", "NXS", ")", "were", "not", "predicted", "by", "their", "effects", "in", "transfection", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14620
[ "In", "addition", ",", "we", "observed", "cell", "type-specific", "permissiveness", "to", "replication", "of", "some", "mutant", "viruses", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14621
[ "In", "the", "cell", "types", "tested", ",", "the", "LS", "mutations", "indicated", "an", "apparent", "requirement", "not", "only", "for", "the", "intact", "NF-kappa", "B", "and", "SP1-binding", "sites", "but", "also", "for", "several", "regions", "between", "-201", "and", "-130", "not", "previously", "associated", "with", "viral", "infectivity", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14622
[ "Transcription", "factor", "GATA-1", "and", "erythroid", "development", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 10, 0, 7, 0, 0 ]
14623
[ "In", "summary", ",", "we", "derived", "an", "experimental", "system", "that", "allows", "us", "to", "dissect", "the", "function", "of", "GATA-1", "in", "red", "cell", "development", "at", "a", "genetic", "level", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14624
[ "We", "have", "established", "the", "essential", "nature", "of", "GATA-1", "during", "both", "primitive", "and", "definitive", "erythropoiesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14625
[ "By", "ablating", "the", "expression", "of", "the", "endogenous", "GATA-1", "gene", ",", "we", "are", "in", "a", "position", "to", "introduce", "a", "variety", "of", "constructs", "that", "harbor", "subtle", "modifications", "in", "flanking", "or", "protein-coding", "sequences", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14626
[ "We", "can", "now", "study", "regulatory", "regions", "and", "functional", "domains", "of", "the", "protein", "in", "the", "context", "of", "a", "true", "erythroid", "environment", ",", "experiments", "that", "have", "not", "been", "possible", "heretofore", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14627
[ "Although", "the", "assay", "involves", "the", "dramatic", "loss", "of", "red", "cell", "production", ",", "it", "should", "be", "possible", "to", "define", "important", "regulatory", "domains", "that", "can", "then", "be", "assayed", "using", "less", "stringent", "systems", ",", "such", "as", "cell-free", "extracts", "for", "in", "vitro", "transcription", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14628
[ "The", "ideal", "situation", "would", "be", "analyses", "conducted", "in", "GATA-1", "-erythroid", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]
14629
[ "However", ",", "these", "cells", "have", "been", "impossible", "to", "generate", "given", "the", "requirement", "of", "GATA-1", "for", "Epo", "receptor", "expression", "and", "red", "cell", "viability", "(", "C.", "Simon", "and", "S.", "Orkin", ",", "unpublished", "observations", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14630
[ "It", "may", "be", "possible", "to", "produce", "such", "cells", "by", "first", "expressing", "the", "Epo", "receptor", "under", "the", "influence", "of", "a", "constitutive", "promoter", "and", "then", "targeting", "the", "GATA-1", "gene", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
14631
[ "If", "GATA-1", "-red", "cells", "were", "available", ",", "the", "analyses", "would", "involve", "the", "actual", "transcription", "of", "or", "chromatin", "structure", "surrounding", "the", "globin", "genes", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
14632
[ "Structure-function", "studies", "of", "the", "GATA-1", "protein", "could", "be", "greatly", "simplified", "and", "a", "larger", "number", "of", "mutants", "studied", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14633
[ "However", ",", "the", "ES", "cell", "system", "can", "be", "used", "as", "an", "alternative", "until", "targeted", "erythroleukemia", "cells", "become", "available", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0 ]
14634
[ "Other", "applications", "involve", "the", "introduction", "of", "other", "GATA-binding", "protein", "family", "members", "to", "determine", "whether", "they", "rescue", "the", "mutation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14635
[ "If", "they", "can", "not", ",", "chimeric", "proteins", "can", "be", "tested", "to", "identify", "which", "amino", "acids", "distinguish", "the", "different", "family", "members", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14636
[ "We", "feel", "that", "these", "experiments", "are", "vital", "to", "understanding", "the", "function", "of", "GATA-1", "during", "erythroid", "ontogeny", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 0, 0 ]
14637
[ "How", "does", "GATA-1", "regulate", "red", "cell", "genes", "like", "globin", "or", "the", "Epo", "receptor", "?", "Once", "we", "identify", "the", "functional", "domains", "of", "the", "GATA-binding", "proteins", ",", "we", "hope", "to", "learn", "what", "proteins", "GATA-1", "binds", "to", "in", "the", "basic", "transcription", "machinery", "or", "in", "chromatin", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14638
[ "Is", "GATA-1", "necessary", "for", "globin", "gene", "switching", "?", "GATA-1", "may", "be", "modified", "differently", "during", "development", "so", "that", "the", "locus", "control", "region", "can", "interact", "with", "different", "globin", "promoters", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
14639
[ "We", "may", "find", "that", "one", "region", "of", "the", "protein", "is", "required", "for", "embryonic", "expression", "and", "another", "for", "adult", "globin", "gene", "expression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]
14640
[ "A", "human", "putative", "lymphocyte", "G0/G1", "switch", "gene", "homologous", "to", "a", "rodent", "gene", "encoding", "a", "zinc-binding", "potential", "transcription", "factor", "." ]
[ 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14641
[ "G0S24", "is", "a", "member", "of", "a", "set", "of", "genes", "(", "putative", "G0/G1", "switch", "regulatory", "genes", ")", "that", "are", "expressed", "transiently", "within", "1-2", "hr", "of", "the", "addition", "of", "lectin", "or", "cycloheximide", "to", "human", "blood", "mononuclear", "cells", "." ]
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0 ]
14642
[ "Comparison", "of", "a", "full-length", "cDNA", "sequence", "with", "the", "corresponding", "genomic", "sequence", "reveals", "an", "open", "reading", "frame", "of", "326", "amino", "acids", ",", "distributed", "across", "two", "exons", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14643
[ "Potential", "phosphorylation", "sites", "include", "the", "sequence", "PSPTSPT", ",", "which", "resembles", "an", "RNA", "polymerase", "II", "repeat", "reported", "to", "be", "a", "target", "of", "the", "cell", "cycle", "control", "kinase", "cdc2", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0 ]
14644
[ "Comparison", "of", "the", "derived", "protein", "sequence", "with", "those", "of", "rodent", "homologs", "allows", "classification", "into", "three", "groups", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14645
[ "Group", "1", "contains", "G0S24", "and", "the", "rat", "and", "mouse", "TIS11", "genes", "(", "also", "known", "as", "TTP", ",", "Nup475", ",", "and", "Zfp36", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
14646
[ "Members", "of", "this", "group", "have", "three", "tetraproline", "repeats", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14647
[ "Groups", "1", "and", "2", "have", "a", "serine-rich", "region", "and", "an", "``", "arginine", "element", "``", "(", "RRLPIF", ")", "at", "the", "carboxyl", "terminus", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14648
[ "All", "groups", "contain", "cysteine-", "and", "histidine-rich", "putative", "zinc", "finger", "domains", "and", "a", "serine-phenylalanine", "``", "SFS", "''", "domain", "similar", "to", "part", "of", "the", "large", "subunit", "of", "eukaryotic", "RNA", "polymerase", "II", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]
14649
[ "Comparison", "of", "group", "1", "human", "and", "mouse", "genomic", "sequences", "shows", "high", "conservation", "in", "the", "5", "'", "flank", "and", "exons", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14650
[ "A", "CpG", "island", "suggests", "expression", "in", "the", "germ", "line", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14651
[ "G0S24", "has", "potential", "sites", "for", "transcription", "factors", "in", "the", "5", "'", "flank", "and", "intron", ";", "these", "include", "a", "serum", "response", "element", "." ]
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0 ]
14652
[ "Protein", "and", "genomic", "sequences", "show", "similarities", "with", "those", "of", "a", "variety", "of", "proteins", "involved", "in", "transcription", ",", "suggesting", "that", "the", "G0S24", "product", "has", "a", "similar", "role", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14653
[ "Regulation", "of", "lymphoid-specific", "immunoglobulin", "mu", "heavy", "chain", "gene", "enhancer", "by", "ETS-domain", "proteins", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
14654
[ "The", "enhancer", "for", "the", "immunoglobulin", "mu", "heavy", "chain", "gene", "(", "IgH", ")", "activates", "a", "heterologous", "gene", "at", "the", "pre-B", "cell", "stage", "of", "B", "lymphocyte", "differentiation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0 ]
14655
[ "A", "lymphoid-specific", "element", ",", "microB", ",", "is", "necessary", "for", "enhancer", "function", "in", "pre-B", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
14656
[ "A", "microB", "binding", "protein", "is", "encoded", "by", "the", "PU.1/Spi-1", "proto-oncogene", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
14657
[ "Another", "sequence", "element", ",", "microA", ",", "was", "identified", "in", "the", "mu", "enhancer", "that", "binds", "the", "product", "of", "the", "ets-1", "proto-oncogene", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
14658
[ "The", "microA", "motif", "was", "required", "for", "microB-dependent", "enhancer", "activity", ",", "which", "suggests", "that", "a", "minimal", "B", "cell-specific", "enhancer", "is", "composed", "of", "both", "the", "PU.1", "and", "Ets-1", "binding", "sites", "." ]
[ 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0 ]
14659
[ "Co-expression", "of", "both", "PU.1", "and", "Ets-1", "in", "nonlymphoid", "cells", "trans-activated", "reporter", "plasmids", "that", "contained", "the", "minimal", "mu", "enhancer", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
14660
[ "These", "results", "implicate", "two", "members", "of", "the", "Ets", "family", "in", "the", "activation", "of", "IgH", "gene", "expression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]
14661
[ "1", ",", "25-Dihydroxy", "vitamin", "D3", "and", "12-O-tetradecanoyl", "phorbol-13-acetate", "synergistically", "induce", "monocytic", "cell", "differentiation", ":", "FOS", "and", "RB", "expression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
14662
[ "1", ",", "25-dihydroxy", "vitamin", "D3", "and", "12-O-tetradecanoyl", "phorbol-13-acetate", "(", "TPA", ")", "interact", "synergistically", "to", "induce", "monocytic", "differentiation", "of", "U937", "histiocytic", "lymphoma", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0 ]
14663
[ "Addition", "of", "TPA", "causes", "an", "otherwise", "ineffective", "dose", "of", "1", ",", "25-dihydroxy", "vitamin", "D3", "to", "induce", "differentiation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14664
[ "The", "induced", "differentiation", "depends", "on", "the", "simultaneous", "(", "vs.", "sequential", ")", "presence", "of", "both", "agents", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14665
[ "The", "kinetics", "of", "induced", "differentiation", "are", "consistent", "with", "a", "G1", "specific", "cellular", "response", "to", "initiate", "the", "metabolic", "cascade", "culminating", "in", "cell", "differentiation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14666
[ "The", "induced", "differentiation", "occurs", "with", "down-regulation", "of", "c-fos", "protein", "and", "an", "accompanying", "up-regulation", "of", "RB", "protein", "expression", ",", "consistent", "with", "a", "possible", "need", "for", "up-regulated", "RB", "expression", "to", "maintain", "a", "given", "differentiated", "phenotype", "and", "suppress", "transcriptional", "activators", "that", "might", "typically", "be", "associated", "with", "proliferation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14667
[ "Ectopic", "expression", "of", "a", "conditional", "GATA-2/estrogen", "receptor", "chimera", "arrests", "erythroid", "differentiation", "in", "a", "hormone-dependent", "manner", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14668
[ "The", "GATA", "factors", "are", "a", "family", "of", "transcriptional", "regulatory", "proteins", "in", "eukaryotes", "that", "share", "extensive", "homology", "in", "their", "DNA-binding", "domains", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14669
[ "One", "enigmatic", "aspect", "of", "GATA", "factor", "expression", "is", "that", "several", "GATA", "proteins", ",", "which", "ostensibly", "share", "the", "same", "DNA-binding", "site", "specificity", ",", "are", "coexpressed", "in", "erythroid", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
14670
[ "To", "elucidate", "the", "roles", "of", "individual", "GATA", "factors", "in", "erythropoiesis", ",", "conditional", "alleles", "of", "GATA-1", ",", "GATA-2", ",", "and", "GATA-3", "were", "prepared", "by", "fusing", "each", "of", "the", "factors", "to", "the", "hormone-binding", "domain", "of", "the", "human", "estrogen", "receptor", "(", "ER", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
14671
[ "These", "GATA/ER", "chimeric", "factors", "were", "shown", "to", "be", "hormone-inducible", "trans-activating", "proteins", "in", "transient", "transfection", "assays", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14672
[ "When", "stably", "introduced", "into", "primary", "erythroblasts", "or", "conditionally", "transformed", "erythroid", "progenitors", "cells", ",", "exogenous", "GATA-2/ER", "promoted", "proliferation", "and", "inhibited", "terminal", "differentiation", "in", "an", "estrogen-dependent", "manner", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14673
[ "These", "phenotypic", "effects", "are", "specifically", "attributable", "to", "the", "action", "of", "ectopically", "expressed", "GATA-2/ER", "because", "erythroblasts", "expressing", "exogenous", "GATA-2", "are", "constitutively", "arrested", "in", "differentiation", "and", "because", "erythroid", "progenitors", "expressing", "either", "Gal/ER", "or", "GATA-3/ER", "do", "not", "display", "a", "hormone-responsive", "block", "in", "differentiation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14674
[ "Thus", ",", "the", "GATA-2", "transcription", "factor", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "role", "in", "regulating", "the", "self-renewal", "capacity", "of", "early", "erythroid", "progenitor", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
14675
[ "Mice", "deficient", "for", "the", "55", "kd", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptor", "are", "resistant", "to", "endotoxic", "shock", ",", "yet", "succumb", "to", "L.", "monocytogenes", "infection", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14676
[ "The", "multiple", "biological", "activities", "of", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "(", "TNF", ")", "are", "mediated", "by", "two", "distinct", "cell", "surface", "receptors", "of", "55", "kd", "(", "TNFRp55", ")", "and", "75", "kd", "(", "TNFRp75", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
14677
[ "Using", "gene", "targeting", ",", "we", "generated", "a", "TNFRp55", "-deficient", "mouse", "strain", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14678
[ "Cells", "from", "TNFRp55-/-mutant", "mice", "lack", "expression", "of", "TNFRp55", "but", "display", "normal", "numbers", "of", "high", "affinity", "TNFRp75", "molecules", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
14679
[ "Thymocyte", "development", "and", "lymphocyte", "populations", "are", "unaltered", ",", "and", "clonal", "deletion", "of", "potentially", "self-reactive", "T", "cells", "is", "not", "impaired", "." ]
[ 7, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14680
[ "However", ",", "TNF", "signaling", "is", "largely", "abolished", ",", "as", "judged", "by", "the", "failure", "of", "TNF", "to", "induce", "NF-kappa", "B", "in", "T", "lymphocytes", "from", "TNFRp55", "-deficient", "mice", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 7, 8, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]
14681
[ "The", "loss", "of", "TNFRp55", "function", "renders", "mice", "resistant", "to", "lethal", "dosages", "of", "either", "lipopolysaccharides", "or", "S.", "aureus", "enterotoxin", "B", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14682
[ "In", "contrast", ",", "TNFRp55-deficient", "mice", "are", "severely", "impaired", "to", "clear", "L.", "monocytogenes", "and", "readily", "succumb", "to", "infection", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14683
[ "Thus", ",", "the", "55", "kd", "TNFR", "plays", "a", "decisive", "role", "in", "the", "host", "'s", "defense", "against", "microorganisms", "and", "their", "pathogenic", "factors", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14684
[ "Costimulation", "of", "peripheral", "blood", "T", "cell", "activation", "by", "human", "endothelial", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
14685
[ "Enhanced", "IL-2", "transcription", "correlates", "with", "increased", "c-fos", "synthesis", "and", "increased", "Fos", "content", "of", "AP-1", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
14686
[ "Endothelial", "cells", "(", "EC", ")", "act", "as", "APC", "for", "resting", "PBL", "in", "vitro", ",", "and", "may", "have", "important", "roles", "in", "vivo", "in", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "allograft", "rejection", "and", "delayed", "hypersensitivity", "." ]
[ 7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14687
[ "We", "previously", "reported", "that", "human", "umbilical", "vein", "EC", "provide", "costimulatory", "signals", "to", "PHA-stimulated", "PBL", "via", "CD2", ":", "lymphocyte", "function-associated", "Ag-3", "and", "an", "unidentified", "ligand", "pair", ",", "resulting", "in", "a", "three-", "to", "eight-fold", "enhancement", "of", "IL-2", "production", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
14688
[ "The", "physiologic", "relevance", "of", "this", "increase", "was", "demonstrated", "by", "the", "proliferative", "advantage", "provided", "by", "EC", "to", "PBL", "suboptimally", "stimulated", "with", "mAb", "OKT3", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
14689
[ "We", "now", "report", "that", "EC", "costimulation", "causes", "increased", "levels", "of", "IL-2", "mRNA", "as", "a", "result", "of", "increased", "IL-2", "transcription", "in", "PBL", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 0 ]
14690
[ "We", "therefore", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "EC", "on", "T", "cell", "nuclear", "factors", "known", "to", "regulate", "IL-2", "transcription", ",", "including", "c-jun", "and", "c-fos-two", "components", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "AP-1", ",", "NFAT", ",", "and", "others", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14691
[ "PBL", "constitutively", "express", "c-jun", "transcripts", ",", "and", "the", "level", "of", "c-jun", "mRNA", "is", "not", "altered", "by", "PHA", "activation", "in", "the", "absence", "or", "presence", "of", "EC", "." ]
[ 7, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0 ]
14692
[ "In", "contrast", ",", "c-fos", "mRNA", "is", "absent", "from", "resting", "T", "cells", "and", "is", "induced", "on", "PHA", "activation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
14693
[ "EC", "alone", "do", "not", "induce", "c-fos", "mRNA", "but", "augment", "the", "level", "of", "c-fos", "mRNA", "in", "PHA-activated", "T", "cells", "by", "3-", "to", "10-fold", "." ]
[ 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14694
[ "This", "effect", "is", "largely", "independent", "of", "the", "CD2", ":", "lymphocyte", "function-associated", "Ag-3", "pathway", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0 ]
14695
[ "Gel-shift", "analysis", "reveals", "the", "constitutive", "presence", "of", "nuclear", "factors", "in", "resting", "PBL", "that", "bind", "to", "the", "proximal", "AP-1", "site", "of", "the", "IL-2", "promoter", "and", "that", "contain", "immunoreactive", "c-Jun", "but", "not", "c-Fos", "protein", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
14696
[ "In", "contrast", ",", "AP-1", "from", "PHA-activated", "cells", "contains", "c-Jun", "and", "low", "levels", "of", "c-Fos", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
14697
[ "Strikingly", ",", "costimulation", "with", "EC", "results", "in", "a", "dramatic", "increase", "(", "up", "to", "15-fold", ")", "in", "the", "c-Fos", "content", "of", "AP-1", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
14698
[ "Levels", "of", "other", "nuclear", "factors", "involved", "in", "IL-2", "regulation", "were", "not", "altered", "by", "EC", ",", "although", "NFAT-DNA", "complexes", "migrated", "at", "a", "slightly", "different", "mobility", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14699
[ "In", "summary", ",", "our", "data", "suggest", "that", "changes", "in", "the", "composition", "of", "transcription", "factor", "AP-1", "is", "a", "key", "molecular", "mechanism", "for", "increasing", "IL-2", "transcription", "and", "may", "underlie", "the", "phenomenon", "of", "costimulation", "by", "EC", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0 ]
14700
[ "Transcriptional", "activation", "of", "human", "zeta", "2", "globin", "promoter", "by", "the", "alpha", "globin", "regulatory", "element", "(", "HS-40", ")", ":", "functional", "role", "of", "specific", "nuclear", "factor-DNA", "complexes", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]