id
stringlengths
1
5
tokens
sequence
ner_tags
sequence
13901
[ "Interestingly", ",", "TGF-alpha", "production", "by", "eosinophils", "was", "up-regulated", "by", "IL-3", "and", "IL-5", "but", "was", "down-regulated", "by", "IL-4", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13902
[ "Consistent", "with", "the", "ability", "of", "IL-4", "to", "regulate", "eosinophil", "responses", ",", "IL-4", "signaling", "molecules", "are", "present", "in", "human", "eosinophils", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
13903
[ "The", "observation", "that", "IL-4", "can", "differentially", "regulate", "the", "expression", "of", "TGF-alpha", "and", "TGF-beta1", "suggests", "that", "IL-4", "may", "serve", "as", "a", "physiologic", "molecular", "switch", "of", "TGF", "expression", "by", "the", "infiltrating", "eosinophils", "in", "wound", "healing", "and", "carcinogenesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13904
[ "MLL", "and", "CALM", "are", "fused", "to", "AF10", "in", "morphologically", "distinct", "subsets", "of", "acute", "leukemia", "with", "translocation", "t", "(", "10", ";", "11", ")", ":", "both", "rearrangements", "are", "associated", "with", "a", "poor", "prognosis", "." ]
[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13905
[ "The", "translocation", "t", "(", "10", ";", "11", ")", "(", "p13", ";", "q14", ")", "has", "been", "observed", "in", "acute", "lymphoblastic", "leukemia", "(", "ALL", ")", "as", "well", "as", "acute", "myeloid", "leukemia", "(", "AML", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13906
[ "A", "recent", "study", "showed", "a", "MLL/AF10", "fusion", "in", "all", "cases", "of", "AML", "with", "t", "(", "10", ";", "11", ")", "and", "various", "breakpoints", "on", "chromosome", "11", "ranging", "from", "q13", "to", "q23", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]
13907
[ "We", "recently", "cloned", "CALM", "(", "Clathrin", "Assembly", "Lymphoid", "Myeloid", "leukemia", "gene", ")", ",", "the", "fusion", "partner", "of", "AF10", "at", "11q14", "in", "the", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "U937", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0 ]
13908
[ "To", "further", "define", "the", "role", "of", "these", "genes", "in", "acute", "leukemias", ",", "10", "cases", "(", "9", "AML", "and", "1", "ALL", ")", "with", "cytogenetically", "proven", "t", "(", "10", ";", "11", ")", "(", "p12-14", ";", "q13-21", ")", "and", "well-characterized", "morphology", ",", "immunophenotype", ",", "and", "clinical", "course", "were", "analyzed", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13909
[ "Interphase", "fluorescence", "in", "situ", "hybridization", "(", "FISH", ")", "was", "performed", "with", "2", "YACs", "flanking", "the", "CALM", "region", ",", "a", "YAC", "contig", "of", "the", "MLL", "region", ",", "and", "a", "YAC", "spanning", "the", "AF10", "breakpoint", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
13910
[ "Rearrangement", "of", "at", "least", "one", "of", "these", "genes", "was", "detected", "in", "all", "cases", "with", "balanced", "t", "(", "10", ";", "11", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13911
[ "In", "4", "cases", ",", "including", "3", "AML", "with", "immature", "morphology", "(", "1", "AML-M0", "and", "2", "AML-M1", ")", "and", "1", "ALL", ",", "the", "signals", "of", "the", "CALM", "YACS", "were", "separated", "in", "interphase", "cells", ",", "indicating", "a", "translocation", "breakpoint", "within", "the", "CALM", "region", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
13912
[ "MLL", "was", "rearranged", "in", "3", "AML", "with", "myelomonocytic", "differentiation", "(", "2", "AML-M2", "and", "1", "AML-M5", ")", ",", "including", "1", "secondary", "AML", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13913
[ "In", "all", "3", "cases", ",", "a", "characteristic", "immunophenotype", "was", "identified", "(", "CD4+", ",", "CD13", "-", ",", "CD33+", ",", "CD65s+", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13914
[ "AF-10", "was", "involved", "in", "5", "of", "6", "evaluable", "cases", ",", "including", "1", "case", "without", "detectable", "CALM", "or", "MLL", "rearrangement", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
13915
[ "In", "2", "complex", "translocations", ",", "none", "of", "the", "three", "genes", "was", "rearranged", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13916
[ "All", "cases", "had", "a", "remarkably", "poor", "prognosis", ",", "with", "a", "mean", "survival", "of", "9.6", "+/-", "6.6", "months", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13917
[ "For", "the", "7", "AML", "cases", "that", "were", "uniformly", "treated", "according", "to", "the", "AMLCG86/92", "protocols", ",", "disease-free", "and", "overall", "survival", "was", "significantly", "worse", "than", "for", "the", "overall", "study", "group", "(", "P", "=", ".03", "and", "P", "=", ".01", ",", "respectively", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13918
[ "We", "conclude", "that", "the", "t", "(", "10", ";", "11", ")", "(", "p13", ";", "q14", ")", "indicates", "CALM", "and", "MLL", "rearrangements", "in", "morphologically", "distinct", "subsets", "of", "acute", "leukemia", "and", "may", "be", "associated", "with", "a", "poor", "prognosis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13919
[ "The", "role", "of", "E-proteins", "in", "B-", "and", "T-lymphocyte", "development", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0 ]
13920
[ "Department", "of", "lymphocytes", "from", "hematopoietic", "stem", "cells", "is", "controlled", ",", "in", "part", ",", "by", "the", "activity", "of", "transcriptional", "regulatory", "proteins", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13921
[ "In", "particular", ",", "one", "class", "of", "helix-loop-helix", "proteins", ",", "termed", "E-proteins", ",", "have", "been", "implicated", "in", "the", "regulation", "of", "gene", "expression", "during", "B-cell", "development", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0 ]
13922
[ "Recent", "analysis", "of", "gene-targeted", "mice", "has", "allowed", "a", "direct", "assessment", "of", "the", "functional", "roles", "of", "several", "E-protein", "family", "members", "in", "hematopoiesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0 ]
13923
[ "In", "this", "review", "we", "describe", "the", "defects", "in", "B-", "and", "T-", "lymphocyte", "development", "in", "mice", "carrying", "targeted", "mutations", "in", "the", "E-protein", "genes", "and", "discuss", "our", "current", "understanding", "of", "the", "role", "of", "these", "proteins", "in", "lymphoid", "development" ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13924
[ "Epstein-Barr", "virus-transforming", "protein", "latent", "infection", "membrane", "protein", "1", "activates", "transcription", "factor", "NF-kappaB", "through", "a", "pathway", "that", "includes", "the", "NF-kappaB-inducing", "kinase", "and", "the", "IkappaB", "kinases", "IKKalpha", "and", "IKKbeta", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0 ]
13925
[ "The", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", "oncoprotein", "latent", "infection", "membrane", "protein", "1", "(", "LMP1", ")", "is", "a", "constitutively", "aggregated", "pseudo-tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptor", "(", "TNFR", ")", "that", "activates", "transcription", "factor", "NF-kappaB", "through", "two", "sites", "in", "its", "C-terminal", "cytoplasmic", "domain", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13926
[ "One", "site", "is", "similar", "to", "activated", "TNFRII", "in", "associating", "with", "TNFR-associated", "factors", "TRAF1", "and", "TRAF2", ",", "and", "the", "second", "site", "is", "similar", "to", "TNFRI", "in", "associating", "with", "the", "TNFRI", "death", "domain", "interacting", "protein", "TRADD", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0 ]
13927
[ "TNFRI", "has", "been", "recently", "shown", "to", "activate", "NF-kappaB", "through", "association", "with", "TRADD", ",", "RIP", ",", "and", "TRAF2", ";", "activation", "of", "the", "NF-kappaB-inducing", "kinase", "(", "NIK", ")", ";", "activation", "of", "the", "IkappaB", "alpha", "kinases", "(", "IKKalpha", "and", "IKKbeta", ")", ";", "and", "phosphorylation", "of", "IkappaB", "alpha", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
13928
[ "IkappaB", "alpha", "phosphorylation", "on", "Ser-32", "and", "Ser-36", "is", "followed", "by", "its", "degradation", "and", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13929
[ "In", "this", "report", ",", "we", "show", "that", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "by", "LMP1", "or", "by", "each", "of", "its", "effector", "sites", "is", "mediated", "by", "a", "pathway", "that", "includes", "NIK", ",", "IKKalpha", ",", "and", "IKKbeta", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13930
[ "Dominant", "negative", "mutants", "of", "NIK", ",", "IKKalpha", ",", "or", "IKKbeta", "substantially", "inhibited", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "by", "LMP1", "or", "by", "each", "of", "its", "effector", "sites", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13931
[ "Targeted", "disruption", "of", "the", "MyD88", "gene", "results", "in", "loss", "of", "IL-1-", "and", "IL-18-mediated", "function", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13932
[ "MyD88", ",", "originally", "isolated", "as", "a", "myeloid", "differentiation", "primary", "response", "gene", ",", "is", "shown", "to", "act", "as", "an", "adaptor", "in", "interleukin-1", "(", "IL-1", ")", "signaling", "by", "interacting", "with", "both", "the", "IL-1", "receptor", "complex", "and", "IL-1", "receptor-associated", "kinase", "(", "IRAK", ")", "." ]
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13933
[ "Mice", "generated", "by", "gene", "targeting", "to", "lack", "MyD88", "have", "defects", "in", "T", "cell", "proliferation", "as", "well", "as", "induction", "of", "acute", "phase", "proteins", "and", "cytokines", "in", "response", "to", "IL-1", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13934
[ "Increases", "in", "interferon-gamma", "production", "and", "natural", "killer", "cell", "activity", "in", "response", "to", "IL-18", "are", "abrogated", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]
13935
[ "In", "vivo", "Th1", "response", "is", "also", "impaired", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13936
[ "Furthermore", ",", "IL-18", "-induced", "activation", "of", "NF-kappaB", "and", "c-Jun", "N-terminal", "kinase", "(", "JNK", ")", "is", "blocked", "in", "MyD88-/-", "Th1-developing", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13937
[ "Taken", "together", ",", "these", "results", "demonstrate", "that", "MyD88", "is", "a", "critical", "component", "in", "the", "signaling", "cascade", "that", "is", "mediated", "by", "IL-1", "receptor", "as", "well", "as", "IL-18", "receptor", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
13938
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "induces", "an", "immunomodulatory", "stress", "response", "in", "human", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
13939
[ "Exposure", "of", "cells", "to", "adverse", "environmental", "conditions", "invokes", "a", "genetically", "programmed", "series", "of", "events", "resulting", "in", "the", "induction", "of", "specific", "genes", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13940
[ "The", "fluoroquinolone", "antibiotic", "ciprofloxacin", "has", "recently", "been", "reported", "to", "upregulate", "interleukin-2", "(", "IL-2", ")", "gene", "induction", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]
13941
[ "In", "the", "present", "investigation", ",", "the", "effect", "of", "ciprofloxacin", "at", "supratherapeutic", "concentrations", "on", "immediate-early", "(", "<", "2", "h", ")", "gene", "expression", "in", "primary", "human", "peripheral", "blood", "lymphocytes", "was", "studied", "with", "Northern", "blots", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13942
[ "In", "addition", ",", "transcriptional", "activity", "of", "IL-2", "and", "metallothionein", "enhancer", "and", "promoter", "regions", "and", "transcription", "factors", "AP-1", ",", "NF-kappaB", ",", "and", "NF-AT", "were", "analyzed", "by", "chloramphenicol", "acetyltransferase", "(", "CAT", ")", "and", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", ",", "respectively", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13943
[ "The", "concentration", "of", "c-fos", ",", "c-jun", ",", "c-myc", ",", "junB", ",", "and", "fra-1", "mRNAs", "was", "increased", "in", "activated", "peripheral", "blood", "lymphocytes", "incubated", "with", "ciprofloxacin", "compared", "to", "that", "in", "untreated", "controls", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13944
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "increased", "CAT", "activity", "in", "stimulated", "lymphocytes", "transfected", "with", "plasmids", "containing", "either", "the", "IL-2", "or", "metallothionein", "enhancer", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
13945
[ "Furthermore", ",", "among", "the", "transcription", "factors", "tested", ",", "AP-1", "activity", "was", "increased", "in", "stimulated", "purified", "T", "helper", "lymphocytes", "incubated", "with", "ciprofloxacin", "compared", "to", "drug-free", "controls", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13946
[ "Taken", "together", ",", "ciprofloxacin", "increased", "the", "levels", "of", "immediate-early", "transcripts", ",", "enhanced", "IL-2", "and", "metallothionein", "promoter", "induction", ",", "and", "upregulated", "AP-1", "concentrations", "in", "primary", "lymphocytes", ",", "reflecting", "a", "program", "commonly", "observed", "in", "mammalian", "stress", "responses", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13947
[ "A", "novel", "retinoic", "acid", "receptor", "(", "RAR", ")", "-selective", "antagonist", "inhibits", "differentiation", "and", "apoptosis", "of", "HL-60", "cells", ":", "implications", "of", "RARalpha", "-mediated", "signals", "in", "myeloid", "leukemic", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
13948
[ "Retinoic", "acid", "(", "RA", ")", "induces", "HL-60", "cells", "to", "differentiate", "terminally", "into", "mature", "granulocytes", ",", "which", "subsequently", "die", "by", "apoptosis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13949
[ "The", "biological", "effects", "of", "RA", "are", "mediated", "by", "two", "distinct", "families", "of", "transcription", "factors", ":", "retinoic", "acid", "receptors", "(", "RARs", ")", "and", "retinoid", "X", "receptors", "(", "RXRs", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13950
[ "RARs", "and", "RXRs", "form", "heterodimers", "and", "regulate", "retinoid-mediated", "gene", "expression", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13951
[ "We", "have", "recently", "developed", "a", "novel", "RAR", "-selective", "antagonist", "(", "ER27191", ")", "which", "prevents", "RAR", "activation", "by", "retinoids", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13952
[ "Using", "this", "RAR-selective", "antagonist", ",", "and", "RXR", "and", "RAR", "agonist", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "the", "RAR", "-mediated", "signaling", "pathway", "is", "important", "for", "differentiation", "and", "apoptosis", "of", "myeloid", "leukemic", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
13953
[ "Simple", "activation", "of", "RXRs", "is", "not", "sufficient", "to", "induce", "apoptosis", "of", "the", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13954
[ "Interestingly", ",", "the", "combination", "of", "the", "RAR-selective", "antagonist", "and", "9-cis", "RA", "resulted", "in", "partial", "differentiation", "and", "apoptosis", "of", "HL-60", "and", "NB4", "cells", ",", "whereas", "the", "RAR", "antagonist", "completely", "blocked", "all-trans", "RA-induced", "differentiation", "and", "apoptosis", "of", "the", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13955
[ "Additional", "experiments", "showed", "that", "levels", "of", "BCL-2", "protein", "decreased", "during", "differentiation", "of", "myeloid", "leukemic", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
13956
[ "Furthermore", ",", "HL-60", "cells", "transduced", "with", "a", "bcl-2", "expression", "vector", "showed", "the", "same", "differentiation", "response", "to", "retinoids", "as", "did", "parental", "HL-60", "cells", "even", "though", "apoptosis", "was", "inhibited", "in", "these", "bcl-2-transduced", "cells", ",", "suggesting", "that", "differentiation", "and", "apoptosis", "are", "regulated", "independently", "in", "myeloid", "leukemic", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
13957
[ "Thrombopoietin", "supports", "in", "vitro", "erythroid", "differentiation", "via", "its", "specific", "receptor", "c-Mpl", "in", "a", "human", "leukemia", "cell", "line", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0 ]
13958
[ "Thrombopoietin", "(", "TPO", ")", "acts", "on", "megakaryopoiesis", "and", "erythropoiesis", "in", "vitro", "and", "in", "vivo", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13959
[ "We", "isolated", "a", "novel", "subline", ",", "UT-7/GMT", ",", "from", "the", "human", "leukemia", "cell", "line", "UT-7/GM", "(", "N.", "Komatsu", ",", "et", "al.", ",", "Blood", ",", "89", ":", "4021-4033", ",", "1997", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13960
[ "A", "small", "population", "of", "UT-7/GM", "cells", "positively", "stained", "for", "hemoglobin", "(", "Hb", ")", "after", "a", "7-day", "exposure", "to", "TPO", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13961
[ "More", "than", "50", "%", "of", "TPO-treated", "UT-7/GMT", "cells", "positively", "stained", "for", "Hb", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13962
[ "Using", "UT-7/GMT", "cells", ",", "we", "examined", "how", "TPO", "promotes", "hemoglobinization", "." ]
[ 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]
13963
[ "TPO", "induced", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "the", "TPO", "receptor", "but", "not", "the", "erythropoietin", "(", "EPO", ")", "receptor", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0 ]
13964
[ "There", "was", "no", "competition", "between", "TPO", "and", "EPO", "for", "binding", "to", "EPO", "receptor", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
13965
[ "These", "findings", "suggest", "that", "TPO", "has", "a", "direct", "effect", "on", "hemoglobinization", "via", "a", "specific", "receptor", "on", "UT-7/GMT", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]
13966
[ "Isoelectric", "focusing", "demonstrated", "that", "TPO", "induced", "fetal", "and", "adult", "Hb", "synthesis", ",", "whereas", "EPO", "induced", "embryonic", ",", "fetal", ",", "and", "adult", "Hb", "synthesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13967
[ "Thus", ",", "our", "data", "suggest", "that", "TPO", "has", "a", "distinct", "action", "on", "erythropoiesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13968
[ "Role", "of", "GATA-1", "in", "proliferation", "and", "differentiation", "of", "definitive", "erythroid", "and", "megakaryocytic", "cells", "in", "vivo", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0 ]
13969
[ "To", "elucidate", "the", "contributions", "of", "GATA-1", "to", "definitive", "hematopoiesis", "in", "vivo", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "adult", "mice", "that", "were", "rendered", "genetically", "defective", "in", "GATA-1", "synthesis", "(", "Takahashi", "et", "al", ",", "J", "Biol", "Chem", "272", ":", "12611", ",", "1997", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13970
[ "Because", "the", "GATA-1", "gene", "is", "located", "on", "the", "X", "chromosome", ",", "which", "is", "randomly", "inactivated", "in", "every", "cell", ",", "heterozygous", "females", "can", "bear", "either", "an", "active", "wild-type", "or", "mutant", "(", "referred", "to", "as", "GATA-1.05", ")", "GATA-1", "allele", ",", "consequently", "leading", "to", "variable", "anemic", "severity", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13971
[ "These", "heterozygous", "mutant", "mice", "usually", "developed", "normally", ",", "but", "they", "began", "to", "die", "after", "5", "months", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13972
[ "These", "affected", "animals", "displayed", "marked", "splenomegaly", ",", "anemia", ",", "and", "thrombocytopenia", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13973
[ "Proerythroblasts", "and", "megakaryocytes", "massively", "accumulated", "in", "the", "spleens", "of", "the", "heterozygotes", ",", "and", "we", "showed", "that", "the", "neomycin", "resistance", "gene", "(", "which", "is", "the", "positive", "selection", "marker", "in", "ES", "cells", ")", "was", "expressed", "profusely", "in", "the", "abnormally", "abundant", "cells", "generated", "in", "the", "GATA-1.05", "mutant", "females", "." ]
[ 7, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]
13974
[ "We", "also", "observed", "hematopoiesis", "outside", "of", "the", "bone", "marrow", "in", "the", "affected", "mutant", "mice", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13975
[ "These", "data", "suggest", "that", "a", "small", "number", "of", "GATA-1.05", "mutant", "hematopoietic", "progenitor", "cells", "begin", "to", "proliferate", "vigorously", "during", "early", "adulthood", ",", "but", "because", "the", "cells", "are", "unable", "to", "terminally", "differentiate", ",", "this", "leads", "to", "progenitor", "proliferation", "in", "the", "spleen", "and", "consequently", "death", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13976
[ "Thus", ",", "GATA-1", "plays", "important", "in", "vivo", "roles", "for", "directing", "definitive", "hematopoietic", "progenitors", "to", "differentiate", "along", "both", "the", "erythroid", "and", "megakaryocytic", "pathways", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13977
[ "The", "GATA-1", "heterozygous", "mutant", "mouse", "shows", "a", "phenotype", "that", "is", "analogous", "to", "human", "myelodysplastic", "syndrome", "and", "thus", "may", "serve", "as", "a", "useful", "model", "for", "this", "disorder", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13978
[ "Differential", "regulation", "of", "the", "Janus", "kinase", "-STAT", "pathway", "and", "biologic", "function", "of", "IL-13", "in", "primary", "human", "NK", "and", "T", "cells", ":", "a", "comparative", "study", "with", "IL-4", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13979
[ "IL-13", ",", "a", "cytokine", "similar", "to", "IL-4", ",", "is", "a", "regulator", "of", "human", "B", "cell", "and", "monocyte", "functions", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0 ]
13980
[ "Biologic", "effects", "of", "IL-13", "on", "primary", "human", "NK", "and", "T", "cells", "have", "not", "been", "well", "defined", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13981
[ "We", "demonstrate", "that", ",", "in", "primary", "NK", "cells", ",", "IL-13", ",", "but", "not", "IL-4", ",", "may", "induce", "low", "levels", "of", "IFN-gamma", "secretion", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13982
[ "When", "NK", "cells", "were", "costimulated", "with", "IL-13", "and", "IL-2", ",", "IL-13", "generally", "resulted", "in", "two", "types", "of", "reactivity", ":", "IL-13", "synergized", "with", "IL-2", "to", "stimulate", "IFN-gamma", "production", "or", "it", "modestly", "inhibited", "IL-2", "-mediated", "IFN-gamma", "production", "." ]
[ 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13983
[ "In", "both", "types", "of", "donors", ",", "the", "effect", "of", "IL-13", "on", "IL-2", "-induced", "IFN-gamma", "production", "was", "in", "marked", "contrast", "to", "the", "strong", "inhibition", "seen", "with", "IL-4", "in", "NK", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
13984
[ "Additionally", ",", "IL-13", "suppresses", "IL-2-induced", "NK", "cytolytic", "and", "proliferative", "activities", "although", "less", "efficiently", "than", "IL-4", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13985
[ "In", "T", "cells", ",", "IL-13", "inhibits", "anti-CD3", "mAb/IL-2-", "or", "PHA-mediated", "IFN-gamma", "production", "and", "enhances", "cytolytic", "potential", "." ]
[ 0, 7, 8, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13986
[ "Furthermore", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "IL-13", ",", "like", "IL-4", ",", "induces", "distinct", "STAT6-DNA", "binding", "complexes", "and", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "STAT6", "and", "Janus", "kinase", "3", "(", "JAK3", ")", "in", "NK", "and", "T", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
13987
[ "We", "observed", "that", "Abs", "directed", "against", "unique", "domains", "of", "STAT6", "have", "differential", "effects", "on", "complexes", "in", "T", "cells", "but", "not", "in", "NK", "cells", ",", "suggesting", "different", "STAT6", "isoforms", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
13988
[ "These", "findings", "show", "that", "IL-13", "and", "IL-4", "have", "the", "ability", "to", "regulate", "NK", "and", "T", "cell", "activation", "and", "that", "IL-13", "is", "a", "potent", "regulator", "of", "STAT6", "and", "JAK3", "in", "these", "cell", "types", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13989
[ "The", "human", "toll", "signaling", "pathway", ":", "divergence", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "kappaB", "and", "JNK", "/SAPK", "activation", "upstream", "of", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptor-associated", "factor", "6", "(", "TRAF6", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13990
[ "The", "human", "homologue", "of", "Drosophila", "Toll", "(", "hToll", ")", "is", "a", "recently", "cloned", "receptor", "of", "the", "interleukin", "1", "receptor", "(", "IL-1R", ")", "superfamily", ",", "and", "has", "been", "implicated", "in", "the", "activation", "of", "adaptive", "immunity", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13991
[ "Signaling", "by", "hToll", "is", "shown", "to", "occur", "through", "sequential", "recruitment", "of", "the", "adapter", "molecule", "MyD88", "and", "the", "IL-1R-associated", "kinase", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
13992
[ "Tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptor-activated", "factor", "6", "(", "TRAF6", ")", "and", "the", "nuclear", "factor", "kappaB", "(", "NF-kappaB", ")", "-inducing", "kinase", "(", "NIK", ")", "are", "both", "involved", "in", "subsequent", "steps", "of", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
13993
[ "Conversely", ",", "a", "dominant", "negative", "version", "of", "TRAF6", "failed", "to", "block", "hToll", "-induced", "activation", "of", "stress-activated", "protein", "kinase/c-Jun", "NH2-terminal", "kinases", ",", "thus", "suggesting", "an", "early", "divergence", "of", "the", "two", "pathways", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13994
[ "Inhibition", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "kappaB", "activation", "attenuates", "apoptosis", "resistance", "in", "lymphoid", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
13995
[ "Death-inducing", "ligands", "(", "DILs", ")", "such", "as", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "alpha", "(", "TNFalpha", ")", "or", "the", "cytotoxic", "drug", "doxorubicin", "have", "been", "shown", "to", "activate", "a", "nuclear", "factor", "kappaB", "(", "NFkappaB", ")", "-dependent", "program", "that", "may", "rescue", "cells", "from", "apoptosis", "induction", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13996
[ "We", "demonstrate", "here", "that", "TRAIL", "(", "TNF-related", "apoptosis-inducing", "ligand", ")", ",", "a", "recently", "identified", "DIL", ",", "also", "activates", "NFkappaB", "in", "lymphoid", "cell", "lines", "in", "a", "kinetic", "similar", "to", "TNFalpha", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13997
[ "NFkappaB", "activity", "is", "independent", "from", "FADD", ",", "caspases", ",", "and", "apoptosis", "induction", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
13998
[ "To", "study", "the", "influence", "of", "NFkappaB", "activity", "on", "apoptosis", "mediated", "by", "TRAIL", ",", "CD95", ",", "TNFalpha", ",", "or", "doxorubicin", ",", "NFkappaB", "activation", "was", "inhibited", "using", "the", "proteasome", "inhibitor", "N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-L-norleucinal", "or", "transient", "overexpression", "of", "mutant", "IkappaBalpha", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
13999
[ "Sensitivity", "for", "induction", "of", "apoptosis", "was", "markedly", "increased", "by", "these", "treatments", "in", "apoptosis", "sensitive", "cell", "lines", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
14000
[ "Moreover", ",", "both", "in", "cell", "lines", "and", "in", "primary", "leukemia", "cells", "that", "are", "resistant", "towards", "induction", "of", "apoptosis", "by", "DILs", "and", "doxorubicin", ",", "antagonization", "of", "NFkappaB", "activity", "partially", "restored", "apoptosis", "sensitivity", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]