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13301
[ "Effector", "pathways", "for", "this", "guanine", "nucleotide", "binding", "protein", "in", "T", "cells", "are", "mediated", "by", "the", "serine/threonine", "kinase", "Raf-1", "and", "the", "Ras-related", "GTPase", "Rac-1", "." ]
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13302
[ "In", "fibroblasts", ",", "an", "important", "effector", "for", "the", "Ras", "oncogene", "is", "Phosphatidylinositol", "3-kinase", "(", "PtdIns", "3-kinase", ")", "." ]
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13303
[ "Activation", "of", "this", "lipid", "kinase", "is", "able", "to", "induce", "critical", "Rac-1", "signaling", "pathways", "and", "can", "couple", "p21ras", "to", "cell", "survival", "mechanisms", "via", "the", "serine/threonine", "kinase", "Akt/PKB", "." ]
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13304
[ "The", "role", "of", "PtdIns", "3-kinase", "in", "Ras", "signaling", "in", "T", "cells", "has", "not", "been", "explored", "." ]
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13305
[ "In", "the", "present", "study", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "ability", "of", "PtdIns", "3-kinase", "to", "initiate", "the", "Rac-1", "signaling", "pathways", "important", "for", "T", "cell", "activation", "." ]
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13306
[ "We", "also", "examined", "the", "possibility", "that", "Akt/PKB", "is", "regulated", "by", "Ras", "signaling", "pathways", "in", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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13307
[ "The", "results", "show", "that", "Ras", "can", "initiate", "a", "Rac-1", "mediated", "pathway", "that", "regulates", "the", "transcriptional", "function", "of", "AP-1", "complexes", "." ]
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13308
[ "PtdIns", "3-kinase", "signals", "can", "not", "mimic", "p21ras", "and", "induce", "the", "Rac", "mediated", "responses", "of", "AP-1", "transcriptional", "activation", "." ]
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13309
[ "Moreover", ",", "neither", "TCR", "or", "Ras", "activation", "of", "AP-1", "is", "dependent", "on", "PtdIns", "3-kinase", "." ]
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13310
[ "PKB", "is", "activated", "in", "response", "to", "triggering", "of", "the", "T", "cell", "antigen", "receptor", ";", "PtdIns", "3-kinase", "activity", "is", "both", "required", "and", "sufficient", "for", "this", "TCR", "response", "." ]
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13311
[ "In", "contrast", ",", "p21ras", "signals", "are", "unable", "to", "induce", "Akt/PKB", "activity", "in", "T", "cell", "nor", "is", "Ras", "function", "required", "for", "Akt/PKB", "activation", "in", "response", "to", "the", "TCR", "." ]
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13312
[ "The", "present", "data", "thus", "highlight", "that", "PtdIns", "3-kinase", "and", "Akt/PKB", "are", "not", "universal", "Ras", "effector", "molecules", "." ]
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13313
[ "Ras", "can", "initiate", "Rac-1", "regulated", "signaling", "pathways", "in", "the", "context", "of", "T", "cell", "antigen", "receptor", "function", "independently", "of", "PtdIns", "3-kinase", "activity", "." ]
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13314
[ "Interleukin", "1beta", "mediates", "the", "modulatory", "effects", "of", "monocytes", "on", "LNCaP", "human", "prostate", "cancer", "cells", "." ]
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13315
[ "Proliferative", "and", "secretory", "responses", "in", "androgen-sensitive", "prostate", "cancer", "LNCaP", "cells", "are", "regulated", "by", "steroid", "and", "peptide", "hormones", "and", "by", "differentiation-promoting", "substances", "." ]
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13316
[ "In", "the", "present", "study", ",", "we", "evaluated", "whether", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", "that", "exhibit", "anti-tumour", "activity", "in", "haematopoietic", "and", "solid", "tumours", "influence", "growth", "and", "secretion", "in", "the", "LNCaP", "cell", "line", "." ]
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13317
[ "For", "this", "purpose", ",", "LNCaP", "cells", "were", "incubated", "with", "monocyte-conditioned", "medium", "(", "MCM", ")", ",", "and", "proliferation", "as", "well", "as", "expression", "of", "androgen", "receptor", "(", "AR", ")", "and", "secretion", "of", "prostate-specific", "antigen", "(", "PSA", ")", "were", "assessed", "." ]
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13318
[ "Conditioned", "medium", "from", "monocytes", "reduced", "proliferation", "in", "a", "dose-dependent", "manner", "." ]
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13319
[ "Incubation", "with", "40", "%", "MCM", "caused", "a", "50", "%", "reduction", "in", "cell", "proliferation", "." ]
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13320
[ "AR", "protein", "decreased", "by", "70", "%", "and", "PSA", "levels", "in", "supernatants", "from", "LNCaP", "cells", "were", "reduced", "by", "approximately", "80", "%", "following", "treatment", "with", "MCM", "." ]
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13321
[ "We", "focused", "on", "the", "contribution", "of", "two", "major", "products", "of", "activated", "monocytes", ",", "prostaglandin", "E2", "and", "interleukin", "1beta", "(", "IL-1beta", ")", ",", "to", "the", "MCM", "modulatory", "action", "." ]
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13322
[ "LNCaP", "cells", "treated", "with", "prostaglandin", "E2", "showed", "neither", "a", "reduction", "in", "proliferation", "nor", "a", "down-regulation", "of", "AR", "and", "PSA", "levels", "." ]
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13323
[ "The", "effects", "of", "MCM", "on", "cellular", "proliferation", ",", "AR", "protein", "and", "PSA", "secretion", "were", "abolished", "by", "pretreatment", "of", "MCM", "with", "a", "neutralizing", "anti-IL-1beta", "antibody", "." ]
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13324
[ "In", "addition", ",", "recombinant", "IL-1beta", "was", "able", "to", "replace", "MCM", "for", "the", "inhibition", "of", "proliferation", "and", "down-regulation", "of", "AR", "and", "PSA", "proteins", "." ]
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13325
[ "LNCaP", "cells", "were", "shown", "to", "express", "the", "IL-1beta", "receptor", "type", "1", ",", "which", "transduces", "IL-1beta", "signal", "." ]
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13326
[ "Our", "findings", "reveal", "that", "monocyte-derived", "IL-1beta", "inhibits", "the", "proliferation", "of", "androgen-responsive", "prostate", "tumour", "cells", "and", "reduces", "AR", "and", "PSA", "levels", "." ]
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13327
[ "Differential", "responsiveness", "of", "the", "IL-5", "and", "IL-4", "genes", "to", "transcription", "factor", "GATA-3", "." ]
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13328
[ "The", "cytokines", "IL-4", "and", "IL-5", "are", "often", "coordinately", "produced", "by", "Th2", "cells", "as", "in", "asthma", "." ]
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13329
[ "However", ",", "it", "is", "unclear", "whether", "similar", "molecular", "mechanisms", "underlie", "transcription", "of", "the", "two", "genes", "." ]
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13330
[ "We", "have", "previously", "shown", "that", "the", "transcription", "factor", "GATA-3", "is", "expressed", "in", "Th2", "but", "not", "Th1", "cells", "and", "is", "crucial", "for", "activation", "of", "the", "IL-5", "promoter", "by", "different", "stimuli", "." ]
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13331
[ "In", "a", "different", "study", ",", "GATA-3", "was", "shown", "to", "be", "sufficient", "for", "the", "expression", "of", "IL-4", "and", "other", "Th2", "cytokine", "genes", "." ]
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13332
[ "Here", ",", "we", "show", "that", "ectopic", "expression", "of", "GATA-3", "is", "sufficient", "to", "drive", "IL-5", "but", "not", "IL-4", "gene", "expression", "." ]
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13333
[ "Also", ",", "in", "Th2", "cells", ",", "antisense", "GATA-3", "RNA", "inhibits", "IL-5", "but", "not", "IL-4", "promoter", "activation", "." ]
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13334
[ "The", "induction", "of", "IL-5", "gene", "expression", "by", "GATA-3", "involves", "high", "affinity", "binding", "of", "GATA-3", "to", "an", "inverted", "GATA", "repeat", "in", "the", "IL-5", "promoter", "." ]
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13335
[ "The", "interleukin", "2", "receptor", "alpha", "chain/CD25", "promoter", "is", "a", "target", "for", "nuclear", "factor", "of", "activated", "T", "cells", "." ]
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13336
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13337
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13338
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13339
[ "Immediately", "3", "'", "from", "these", "NF-AT", "motifs", ",", "nonconsensus", "sites", "are", "located", "for", "the", "binding", "of", "AP-1-like", "factors", "." ]
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13340
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13341
[ "In", "T", "lymphocytes", "from", "NF-ATp", "-deficient", "mice", ",", "the", "expression", "of", "CD25", "is", "severely", "impaired", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "delayed", "IL-2", "receptor", "expression", "after", "T", "cell", "receptor", "(", "TCR", ")", "/", "CD3", "stimulation", "." ]
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13342
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13343
[ "A", "novel", "mutation", "in", "the", "coding", "sequence", "of", "the", "FY*B", "allele", "of", "the", "Duffy", "chemokine", "receptor", "gene", "is", "associated", "with", "an", "altered", "erythrocyte", "phenotype", "." ]
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13344
[ "The", "Duffy", "blood", "group", "system", "is", "of", "clinical", "and", "biological", "significance", "." ]
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13345
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13346
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13347
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13348
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13349
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13350
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13351
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13352
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13353
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13354
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13355
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13356
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13357
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13358
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13359
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13360
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