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10301
[ "Interestingly", ",", "we", "find", "that", "in", "contrast", "to", "SLP-76", ",", "overexpression", "of", "SLAP-130", "diminishes", "T", "cell", "antigen", "receptor", "-induced", "activation", "of", "the", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "in", "Jurkat", "T", "cells", "and", "interferes", "with", "the", "augmentation", "of", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "activity", "seen", "when", "SLP-76", "is", "overexpressed", "in", "these", "cells", "." ]
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10302
[ "These", "data", "suggest", "that", "SLP-76", "recruits", "a", "negative", "regulator", ",", "SLAP-130", ",", "as", "well", "as", "positive", "regulators", "of", "signal", "transduction", "in", "T", "cells", "." ]
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10303
[ "Molecular", "actions", "of", "prolactin", "in", "the", "immune", "system", "." ]
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10304
[ "The", "immunoregulatory", "properties", "of", "prolactin", ",", "a", "pituitary", "peptide", "hormone", ",", "have", "received", "renewed", "attention", "." ]
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10305
[ "The", "prolactin", "receptor", ",", "a", "member", "of", "the", "hematopoietin/cytokine", "receptor", "superfamily", ",", "is", "ubiquitously", "expressed", "by", "cells", "in", "the", "immune", "system", "." ]
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10306
[ "Certain", "subpopulations", "of", "lymphocytes", "synthesize", "and", "secrete", "biologically", "active", "prolactin", ",", "which", "suggests", "that", "prolactin", "can", "act", "as", "an", "autocrine", "and/or", "paracrine", "factor", "to", "modulate", "the", "activities", "of", "cells", "of", "the", "immune", "system", "." ]
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10307
[ "This", "review", "focuses", "on", "the", "molecular", "actions", "of", "prolactin", "in", "the", "immune", "system", "." ]
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10308
[ "Emphasis", "is", "given", "to", "recent", "information", "about", "the", "molecular", "mechanisms", "of", "prolactin", "receptor", "signal", "transduction", ",", "and", "the", "signaling", "molecules", "and", "prolactin-inducible", "target", "genes", "that", "participate", "in", "these", "responses", "." ]
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10309
[ "In", "particular", ",", "the", "prolactin-inducible", "interferon", "regulatory", "factor-1", "gene", "and", "its", "roles", "in", "mediating", "diverse", "immune", "responses", "." ]
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10310
[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "during", "myelopoiesis", "." ]
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10311
[ "The", "coordinated", "production", "of", "all", "blood", "cells", "from", "a", "common", "stem", "cell", "is", "a", "highly", "regulated", "process", "involving", "successive", "stages", "of", "commitment", "and", "differentiation", "." ]
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10312
[ "From", "analyses", "of", "mice", "deficient", "in", "transcription", "factor", "genes", "and", "from", "the", "characterizations", "of", "chromosome", "breakpoints", "in", "human", "leukemias", ",", "it", "has", "become", "evident", "that", "transcription", "factors", "are", "important", "regulators", "of", "hematopoiesis", "." ]
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10313
[ "During", "myelopoiesis", ",", "which", "includes", "the", "development", "of", "granulocytic", "and", "monocytic", "lineages", ",", "transcription", "factors", "from", "several", "families", "are", "active", ",", "including", "AML1/CBF", "beta", ",", "C/EBP", ",", "Ets", ",", "c-Myb", ",", "HOX", ",", "and", "MZF-1", "." ]
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10314
[ "Few", "of", "these", "factors", "are", "expressed", "exclusively", "in", "myeloid", "cells", ";", "instead", "it", "appears", "that", "they", "cooperatively", "regulate", "transcription", "of", "myeloid-specific", "genes", "." ]
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10315
[ "Here", "we", "discuss", "recent", "advances", "in", "transcriptional", "regulation", "during", "myelopoiesis", "." ]
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10316
[ "Activation", "of", "transcription", "factor", "NF-kappa", "B", "by", "phagocytic", "stimuli", "in", "human", "neutrophils", "." ]
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10317
[ "Phagocytosis", "represents", "an", "important", "physiological", "trigger", "for", "the", "inducible", "expression", "of", "several", "genes", "in", "human", "neutrophils", "." ]
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10318
[ "Here", ",", "we", "report", "that", "a", "DNA-binding", "activity", "primarily", "consisting", "of", "the", "classical", "NF-kappa", "B", "heterodimer", ",", "p50/RelA", ",", "is", "induced", "in", "phagocytosing", "neutrophils", "." ]
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10319
[ "Under", "these", "conditions", ",", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "was", "found", "to", "be", "a", "rapid", "and", "transient", "response", ",", "reaching", "a", "maximum", "by", "10-15", "min", ",", "and", "returning", "to", "near-basal", "levels", "by", "30", "min", "." ]
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10320
[ "In", "neutrophils", "undergoing", "the", "phagocytosis", "of", "opsonized", "yeasts", ",", "the", "onset", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "was", "paralleled", "by", "a", "decline", "in", "immunoreactive", "I", "kappa", "B-alpha", "protein", "levels", ",", "and", "the", "cellular", "I", "kappa", "B", "-alpha", "pool", "was", "replenished", "by", "30", "min", ",", "in", "agreement", "with", "our", "gel", "shift", "data", "." ]
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10321
[ "We", "conclude", "that", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "could", "constitute", "one", "of", "the", "mechanisms", "whereby", "the", "expression", "of", "kappa", "B-responsive", "genes", "is", "enhanced", "in", "phagocytosing", "neutrophils", "." ]
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10322
[ "To", "our", "knowledge", ",", "this", "represents", "the", "first", "demonstration", "that", "phagocytic", "stimuli", "can", "induce", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "in", "human", "neutrophils", "." ]
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10323
[ "Induction", "of", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "type", "1", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", "by", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", "and", "Candida", "albicans", "." ]
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10324
[ "Because", "candidiasis", "and", "cryptococcosis", "are", "common", "in", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "HIV", ")", "-infected", "persons", ",", "the", "effect", "of", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", "and", "Candida", "albicans", "on", "HIV", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", "was", "examined", "." ]
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10325
[ "Stimulation", "of", "the", "latently", "HIV-infected", "myelomonocytic", "cell", "line", "OM-10.1", "with", "C.", "neoformans", "and", "C.", "albicans", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "pooled", "human", "serum", "caused", "a", "ratio-dependent", "increase", "in", "HIV", "production", "." ]
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10326
[ "Induction", "of", "HIV", "by", "C.", "neoformans", "was", "enhanced", "by", "anti-capsular", "antibody", ",", "while", "induction", "by", "both", "organisms", "was", "inhibited", "by", "anti-TNF-alpha", "antibody", "." ]
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10327
[ "In", "THP-1", "cells", "transfected", "with", "HIV", "plasmid", "constructs", ",", "both", "organisms", "induced", "transcription", "from", "the", "HIV", "long", "terminal", "repeat", "that", "was", "dependent", "on", "intact", "NF-kappaB", "binding", "sequences", "." ]
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10328
[ "Thus", ",", "C.", "neoformans", "and", "C.", "albicans", "enhance", "HIV", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", "through", "a", "TNF-alpha-", "and", "NF-kappaB-dependent", "mechanism", "." ]
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10329
[ "In", "HIV-infected", "patients", ",", "such", "enhancement", "may", "further", "impair", "host", "immunity", "and", "could", "accelerate", "the", "course", "of", "HIV", "disease", "." ]
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10330
[ "Nuclear", "levels", "of", "NF-kappaB", "correlate", "with", "syncytium-forming", "capacity", "of", "8e51", "cells", ",", "expressing", "a", "defective", "HIV", "virus", "." ]
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10331
[ "The", "double", "NF-kappaB", "site", "identified", "in", "the", "LTR", "of", "the", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus-1", "(", "HIV-1", ")", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "to", "be", "necessary", "for", "efficient", "viral", "transcription", "." ]
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10332
[ "In", "this", "report", "we", "present", "the", "characterisation", "of", "NF-kappaB", "subunits", "engaged", "in", "complexes", "binding", "to", "the", "HIV-1", "NF-kappaB", "site", "in", "human", "8e51", "T-cells", ",", "that", "harbour", "a", "defective", "HIV-1", "." ]
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10333
[ "At", "least", "four", "different", "specific", "NF-kappaB", "complexes", "are", "present", "in", "the", "nucleus", "of", "these", "cells", "." ]
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10334
[ "With", "the", "use", "of", "specific", "antibodies", "we", "have", "determined", "the", "composition", "of", "each", "complex", "using", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "." ]
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10335
[ "The", "results", "show", "the", "presence", "of", "several", "NF-kappaB", "family", "members", ",", "with", "the", "transactivating", "RelA", "being", "engaged", "in", "multiple", "complexes", "." ]
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10336
[ "The", "importance", "of", "NF-kappaB", "complexes", "in", "viral", "functions", "has", "been", "established", "comparing", "the", "level", "of", "NF-kappaB", "DNA-binding", "complexes", "with", "syncytia-forming", "activity", "of", "8e51", "cells", "." ]
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10337
[ "In", "fact", ",", "8e51", "cells", "that", "had", "almost", "lost", "their", "syncytia-forming", "capacity", "were", "found", "to", "contain", "at", "least", "10", "times", "less", "active", "NF-kappaB", "DNA-binding", "complex", "than", "the", "actively", "fusing", "cells", "." ]
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10338
[ "The", "correlation", "is", "specific", "as", "the", "level", "of", "at", "least", "three", "other", "transcription", "factors", "did", "not", "change", "." ]
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10339
[ "c-Myb", "and", "Ets", "proteins", "synergize", "to", "overcome", "transcriptional", "repression", "by", "ZEB", "." ]
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10340
[ "The", "Zfh", "family", "of", "zinc", "finger/homeodomain", "proteins", "was", "first", "identified", "in", "Drosophila", "where", "it", "is", "required", "for", "differentiation", "of", "tissues", "such", "as", "the", "central", "nervous", "system", "and", "muscle", "." ]
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10341
[ "ZEB", ",", "a", "vertebrate", "homolog", "of", "Zfh-1", ",", "binds", "a", "subset", "of", "E", "boxes", "and", "blocks", "myogenesis", "through", "transcriptional", "repression", "of", "muscle", "genes", "." ]
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10342
[ "We", "present", "evidence", "here", "that", "ZEB", "also", "has", "an", "important", "role", "in", "controlling", "hematopoietic", "gene", "transcription", "." ]
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10343
[ "Two", "families", "of", "transcription", "factors", "that", "are", "required", "for", "normal", "hematopoiesis", "are", "c-Myb", "and", "Ets", "." ]
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10344
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10345
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10346
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10347
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10348
[ "We", "demonstrate", "that", "one", "target", "of", "this", "positive/negative", "regulation", "in", "vivo", "is", "the", "alpha4", "integrin", ",", "which", "play", "a", "key", "role", "in", "normal", "hematopoiesis", "and", "function", "of", "mature", "leukocytes", "." ]
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10349
[ "Comparison", "of", "the", "transactivation", "domains", "of", "Stat5", "and", "Stat6", "in", "lymphoid", "cells", "and", "mammary", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]
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10350
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10351
[ "They", "are", "rapidly", "activated", "by", "various", "cytokines", ",", "hormones", ",", "and", "growth", "factors", "." ]
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10352
[ "Upon", "ligand", "binding", "and", "cytokine", "receptor", "dimerization", ",", "Stat", "proteins", "are", "phosphorylated", "on", "tyrosine", "residues", "by", "Jak", "kinases", "." ]
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10353
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10354
[ "Stat5", "and", "Stat6", "are", "transcription", "factors", "active", "in", "mammary", "epithelial", "cells", "and", "immune", "cells", "." ]
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10355
[ "Prolactin", "activates", "Stat5", ",", "and", "interleukin-4", "(", "IL-4", ")", "activates", "Stat6", "." ]
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10356
[ "Both", "cytokines", "are", "able", "to", "stimulate", "cell", "proliferation", ",", "differentiation", ",", "and", "survival", "." ]
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10357
[ "We", "investigated", "the", "transactivation", "potential", "of", "Stat6", "and", "found", "that", "it", "is", "not", "restricted", "to", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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10358
[ "IL-4", "-dependent", "activation", "of", "Stat6", "was", "also", "observed", "in", "HC11", "mammary", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]
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10359
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10360
[ "The", "induction", "of", "this", "promoter", "was", "confirmed", "in", "COS7", "cells", "." ]
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10361
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10362
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10363
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10364
[ "Stat6", "had", "a", "transactivation", "domain", "which", "was", "about", "10-fold", "stronger", "than", "that", "of", "Stat5", "." ]
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10365
[ "In", "pre-B", "cells", "(", "Ba/F3", ")", ",", "the", "transactivation", "domain", "of", "Stat6", "was", "IL-4", "regulated", ",", "independently", "from", "its", "DNA", "binding", "function", "." ]
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10366
[ "ETS1", ",", "NFkappaB", "and", "AP1", "synergistically", "transactivate", "the", "human", "GM-CSF", "promoter", "." ]
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10367
[ "Activation", "of", "helper", "T", "cells", "results", "in", "coordinate", "expression", "of", "a", "number", "of", "cytokines", "involved", "in", "differentiation", ",", "proliferation", "and", "activation", "of", "the", "haematopoietic", "system", "." ]
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10368
[ "Granulocyte-macrophage", "colony", "stimulating", "factor", "(", "GM-CSF", ")", "is", "one", "such", "cytokine", ",", "whose", "increased", "expression", "results", "mostly", "from", "increases", "in", "transcription", "." ]
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10369
[ "Cis-acting", "elements", "with", "NFkappaB", ",", "AP1", "and", "ETS-like", "binding", "motifs", "have", "been", "identified", "in", "the", "promoter", "region", "of", "the", "GM-CSF", "gene", ",", "and", "are", "important", "or", "essential", "for", "transcriptional", "activity", "following", "T", "cell", "activation", "." ]
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10370
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10371
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10372
[ "Thus", "we", "proposed", "that", "ETS1", ",", "which", "is", "expressed", "constitutively", "in", "Jurkat", "cells", ",", "may", "act", "in", "concert", "with", "PMA/ionomycin", "inducible", "factors", "." ]
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10373
[ "Here", "we", "show", "that", "ETS1", "can", "transactivate", "a", "GM-CSF", "reporter", "construct", "in", "unstimulated", "Jurkat", "cells", ",", "providing", "that", "either", "NFkappaB", "or", "AP1", "transcription", "factors", "are", "supplied", "by", "co-transfection", "." ]
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10374
[ "We", "confirm", "that", "binding", "of", "endogenous", "NFkappaB", "and", "AP1", "is", "induced", "following", "PMA/ionomycin", "treatment", "of", "T", "cells", "." ]
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10375
[ "Transactivation", "by", "ETS1", ",", "NFkappaB", "and", "AP1", "is", "synergistic", ",", "and", "mutation", "of", "the", "individual", "binding", "sites", "reveals", "that", "the", "transcriptional", "activities", "of", "these", "factors", "are", "interdependent", "." ]
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10376
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10377
[ "Abnormal", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", "induced", "by", "targeted", "overexpression", "of", "IkappaB", "alpha", "." ]
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10378
[ "A", "role", "in", "thymic", "maturation", "for", "factors", "of", "the", "NF-kappaB", "family", "has", "long", "been", "suspected", ",", "but", "not", "yet", "proven", "." ]
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10379
[ "Transgenic", "mice", "with", "a", "lymphocyte-specific", "defect", "in", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "were", "produced", "by", "targeted", "expression", "of", "human", "IkappaB", "alpha", "." ]
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10380
[ "The", "thymic", "cellularity", "of", "these", "mice", "was", "significantly", "decreased", "." ]
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10381
[ "The", "proportion", "of", "mature", ",", "TCRhigh", "thymocytes", "of", "the", "alphabeta", "lineage", "was", "reduced", ",", "and", "the", "remaining", "TCRhigh", "population", "contained", "an", "unusually", "high", "proportion", "of", "double-positive", "cells", "." ]
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10382
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10383
[ "These", "data", "provide", "direct", "evidence", "for", "the", "involvement", "of", "NF-kappaB/Rel", "family", "proteins", "in", "late", "stages", "of", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", ",", "coincident", "with", "positive", "and", "negative", "selection", "." ]
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10384
[ "CD40", "is", "a", "functional", "activation", "antigen", "and", "B7-independent", "T", "cell", "costimulatory", "molecule", "on", "normal", "human", "lung", "fibroblasts", "." ]
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10385
[ "CD40", "is", "an", "important", "signaling", "and", "activation", "Ag", "found", "on", "certain", "bone", "marrow-derived", "cells", "." ]
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10386
[ "Recently", ",", "CD40", "also", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "be", "expressed", "by", "mesenchymal", "cells", ",", "including", "human", "fibroblasts", "." ]
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10387
[ "Little", "is", "known", "about", "the", "role", "of", "CD40", "in", "fibroblasts", "." ]
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10388
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10389
[ "Communication", "between", "resident", "tissue", "fibroblasts", "and", "T", "cells", "is", "necessary", "for", "normal", "wound", "healing", ",", "and", "can", "be", "pathologic", ",", "resulting", "in", "tissue", "fibrosis", "." ]
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10390
[ "Signaling", "through", "CD40", "with", "soluble", "CD40", "ligand", "stimulated", "fibroblast", "activation", ",", "as", "evidenced", "by", "mobilization", "of", "nuclear", "factor-kappaB", "and", "by", "induction", "of", "the", "proinflammatory", "and", "chemoattractant", "cytokines", "IL-6", "and", "IL-8", "." ]
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10391
[ "IFN-gamma-primed", "lung", "fibroblasts", "costimulate", "T", "lymphocyte", "proliferation", "utilizing", "CD40", ",", "but", "not", "the", "well-studied", "costimulatory", "molecules", "B7-1", "and", "B7-2", "." ]
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10392
[ "Data", "reported", "herein", "support", "the", "hypothesis", "that", "cognate", "interactions", "between", "tissue", "fibroblasts", "and", "infiltrating", "T", "lymphocytes", ",", "via", "the", "CD40", "/CD40L", "pathway", ",", "augment", "inflammation", "and", "may", "promote", "fibrogenesis", "by", "activating", "both", "cell", "types", "." ]
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10393
[ "Biphasic", "control", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "induced", "by", "the", "triggering", "of", "HLA-DR", "antigens", "expressed", "on", "B", "cells", "." ]
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10394
[ "The", "regulation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "following", "the", "triggering", "of", "HLA-DR", "antigens", "by", "mAb", "L243", "has", "been", "studied", "at", "various", "times", "in", "Raji", "cells", "." ]
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10395
[ "Electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "demonstrated", "a", "strong", "increase", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "DNA", "binding", "after", "triggering", "of", "HLA-DR", "antigens", "." ]
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10396
[ "Using", "TNF-alpha-activity", "neutralizing", "antibodies", ",", "the", "authors", "demonstrated", "that", "the", "upregulation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "was", "found", "to", "depend", ",", "at", "later", "time", "point", ",", "on", "an", "autocrine", "effect", "of", "TNF-alpha", "secreted", "following", "triggering", "of", "HLA-DR", "antigens", "." ]
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10397
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10398
[ "Moreover", ",", "the", "upregulation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "binding", "activity", "is", "regulated", "by", "the", "triggering", "of", "selected", "epitopes", "of", "HLA-DR", "antigens", "." ]
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10399
[ "In", "fact", ",", "mAb", "L243", "but", "not", "the", "staphylococcal", "superantigens", ",", "staphylococcal", "exotoxin", "toxic", "shock", "syndrome", "toxin-I", "or", "staphylococcal", "enterotoxin", "B", ",", "regulate", "the", "NF-kappa", "B", "binding", "activity", "." ]
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10400
[ "Regulation", "of", "inosine-5'-monophosphate", "dehydrogenase", "type", "II", "gene", "expression", "in", "human", "T", "cells", "." ]
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