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ููุง ูุงุฏุฑูู ุนูู ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ูุชุญ ู
ููุงุก ุงูุตูุฏ ุฐุงูุ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุฃู
ูุงุฌูุง ุงูุตูุชูุฉุ ูู ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุงุช.
|
We were able to reopen that fishing port, using her sonar, in four hours.
|
ููู ุฃู ู
ููุงุก ุงูุตูุฏ ุฐุงู ุณูุณุชุบุฑู ุณุชุฉ ุฃุดูุฑ ูุจู ุฃู ูุชู
ูู ูุฑูู ูุฏูู ู
ู ุงูุบูุงุตูู ู
ู ุงูุฏุฎููุ ููุงูุช ุณูู ุชุณุชุบุฑู ุงูุบูุงุตูู ุฃุณุจูุนูู.
|
That fishing port was told it was going to be six months before they could get a manual team of divers in, and it was going to take the divers two weeks.
|
ููุงููุง ุณูููุชูู ู
ูุณู
ุตูุฏ ุงูุณู
ู ูู ุงูุฎุฑููุ ูุงูุฐู ูุงู ุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏ ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ูุฐูู ุงูุฌุฒุกุ ูุงูุฐู ูู ููุนุงู ู
ุง ูุดุจู ุฎููุฌ ุงูููุจ ููุฏ.
|
They were going to miss the fall fishing season, which was the major economy for that part, which is kind of like their Cape Cod.
|
ุงูู
ุฑูุจุงุช ุงูุจุญุฑูุฉ ุจุฏูู ุทุงูู
ุ ู
ูู
ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู.
|
UMVs, very important.
|
ูููู ุฃูุชู
ุชุนูู
ููุ ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ุงูุชู ุนุฑุถุชูุง ููู
ุตุบูุฑุฉุ ููุฐุง ูุฃู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ูุง ุชูุนู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุงูุชู ูููู
ุจูุง ุงููุงุณ.
|
But you know, all the robots I've shown you have been small, and that's because robots don't do things that people do.
|
ูู ุชุฐูุจ ูุฃู
ุงูู ูุง ูุณุชุทูุน ุงููุงุณ ุงููุตูู ุฅูููุง.
|
They go places people can't go.
|
ูุฎูุฑ ู
ุซุงู ุนูู ุฐูู ููุงู Bujold.
|
And a great example of that is Bujold.
|
ู
ุฑูุจุงุช ุฃุฑุถูุฉ ุจุฏูู ุทุงูู
ูุฎุงุตุฉ ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉุ ูุฐูู ุงู Bujold .. ููููุง ู
ุฑุญุจุง ูู Bujold
|
Unmanned ground vehicles are particularly small, so Bujold -- Say hello to Bujold.
|
ุงุณุชุชุฎุฏู
ุงูู Bujold ุนูู ูุญู ูุงุณุน ูู ู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฉ ูุชู
ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุงูุฃุจุฑุงุฌ 1 ู2 ู3.
|
Bujold was used extensively at the World Trade Center to go through Towers 1, 2 and 4.
|
ุฃูุชู
ุชุชุณูููู ุงูุฃููุงุถุ ูุชูุจุทูู ููุฃุณููุ ูุชุฐูุจูู ุนู
ููุงู ูู ุงูุฃู
ุงูู.
|
You're climbing into the rubble, rappelling down, going deep in spaces.
|
ูููุท ูุชุฑูุง ู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฉ ู
ู ูุงุญูุฉ ุงู Bujoldุ ุฃูุธุฑูุง ุฅูู ูุฐุง.
|
And just to see the World Trade Center from Bujold's viewpoint, look at this.
|
ุฃูุชู
ุชุชููู
ูู ุญูู ูุงุฑุซุฉ ุญูุซ ูุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุชุณุน ุฃู ู
ูุงู ูุดุฎุต ุฃู ููุจ ูุงูู
ูุงู ูุญุชุฑู.
|
You're talking about a disaster where you can't fit a person or a dog -- and it's on fire.
|
ุงูุฃู
ู ุงููุญูุฏ ูููุตูู ุฅูู ุทุฑูู ุงููุงุฌูู ูู ุงูุทุงุจู ุงูุณูููุ ูู ุงูู
ุฑูุฑ ู
ู ุจูู ุฃุดูุงุก ู
ุดุชุนูุฉ.
|
The only hope of getting to a survivor way in the basement, you have to go through things that are on fire.
|
ููุฏ ูุงูุช ุณุงุฎูุฉู ุฌุฏุงูุ ุญุชู ุจุฏุฃุช ู
ุณุงุฑุงุช ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ุจุงูุฐูุจุงู ูุงูุงููุทุงุน.
|
It was so hot, on one of the robots, the tracks began to melt and come off.
|
ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ูุง ุชุญู ู
ุญู ุงููุงุณ ุฃู ุงูููุงุจุ ุฃู ุงูุทููุฑ ุงูุทูุงูุฉ ุฃู ุงูุตููุฑ ุฃู ุงูุฏูุงููู.
|
Robots don't replace people or dogs, or hummingbirds or hawks or dolphins.
|
ููู ุชููู
ุจุฃุดูุงุก ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ.
|
They do things new.
|
ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงูู
ุณุชุฌูุจููุ ูุงูุฎุจุฑุงุกุ ุจุทุฑู ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ูู
ุจุชูุฑุฉ.
|
They assist the responders, the experts, in new and innovative ways.
|
ู
ุน ุฐููุ ูุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงููุจุฑู ููุณุช ุฌุนู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ุฃุตุบุฑ.
|
The biggest problem is not making the robots smaller, though.
|
ูููุณุช ุฌุนููู
ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ูุงูู
ุฉ ููุญุฑุงุฑุฉ.
|
It's not making them more heat-resistant.
|
ูููุณุช ุตูุน ุงูู
ุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูุญุณุงุณุงุช.
|
It's not making more sensors.
|
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงููุจุฑู ูู ุงูุจูุงูุงุชุ ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุชูุฉุ ูุฃู ูุคูุงุก ุงูุฃุดุฎุงุต ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุญุตูู ุนูู ุงูุจูุงูุงุช ุงูุตุญูุญุฉ ูู ุงูููุช ุงูู
ูุงุณุจ.
|
The biggest problem is the data, the informatics, because these people need to get the right data at the right time.
|
ูุฐููุ ุฃูู ูููู ุนุธูู
ุงู ุฅู ุชู
ููุง ู
ู ุฌุนู ุงูุฎุจุฑุงุก ูุตููู ู
ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ุฏูู ุงูุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูู ุฅุถุงุนุฉ ุฃู ููุช ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูููุงุฏุฉ ุฅูู ุงูู
ููุนุ ุจุญูุซ ุฃูุงู ู
ู ูุงู ููุงูุ ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู ุฑูุจูุชุงุชูู
ุนุจุฑ ุงูุฅูุชุฑูุช.
|
So wouldn't it be great if we could have experts immediately access the robots without having to waste any time of driving to the site, so whoever's there, use their robots over the Internet.
|
ุญุณูุงุ ุฏุนููุง ูููุฑ ูู ุฐูู.
|
Well, let's think about that.
|
ุฏุนููุง ูููุฑ ูู ุงูุญุฑุงู ูุทุงุฑ ููู
ุงููุงุช ูู ุจูุฏุฉ ุฑูููุฉ.
|
Let's think about a chemical train derailment in a rural county.
|
ู
ุง ูู ุงูุงุญุชู
ุงูุงุช ุฃู ุงูุฎุจุฑุงุกุ ูู
ููุฏุณููู
ุงูููู
ูุงุฆูููุ ูู
ููุฏุณููู
ูู
ูุงุตูุงุช ุงูุณูู ุงูุญุฏูุฏูุฉุ ูุฏ ุชู
ุชุฏุฑูุจูู
ุนูู ุงูู
ุฑูุจุฉ ุงูุฌููุฉ ุจุฏูู ุทูุงุฑ ุงูุชู ุตุฏู ุฃู ุชู
ุชูููุง ุชูู ุงูุจูุฏุฉุ
|
What are the odds that the experts, your chemical engineer, your railroad transportation engineers, have been trained on whatever UAV that particular county happens to have?
|
ุนูู ุงูุฃุฑุฌุญุ ููุณ ููุงู ุฃู ุงุญุชู
ุงู.
|
Probably, like, none.
|
ูุฐูู ูุญู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ู
ู ุงููุณุงุฆุท ููุณู
ุงุญ ูููุงุณ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ุฏูู ู
ุนุฑูุฉ ู
ุง ูู ุงูุฑูุจูุช ุงูุฐู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูููุ ุฃู ุญุชู ุฅุฐุง ูุงููุง ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู ุฑูุจูุชุงู ุฃู
ูุง.
|
So we're using these kinds of interfaces to allow people to use the robots without knowing what robot they're using, or even if they're using a robot or not.
|
ู
ุง ุชุนุทูู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ููู
ุ ู
ุง ุชุนุทูู ููุฎุจุฑุงุกุ ูู ุงูุจูุงูุงุช.
|
What the robots give you, what they give the experts, is data.
|
ุชุตุจุญ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ : ู
ู ูุญุตู ุนูู ุงูุจูุงูุงุช ูู
ุชูุ
|
The problem becomes: who gets what data when?
|
ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุงูู
ู
ูู ูุนููุง ูู ุดุญู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุฅูู ุงูุฌู
ูุน ูุชุฑููู
ูุชุณููุฉ ุงูู
ุณุฃูุฉ.
|
One thing to do is to ship all the information to everybody and let them sort it out.
|
ุญุณูุงูุ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุฐูู ุฃููุง ุชุซูู ูุงูู ุงูุดุจูุงุชุ ูุงูุฃุณูุฃ ู
ู ุฐููุ ุฃููุง ุชุซูู ูุงูู ุงููุฏุฑุงุช ุงูู
ุนุฑููุฉ ููู ุดุฎุต ูุญุงูู ุงูุญุตูู ุนูู ุชูู ุงููุชูุฉ ุงููุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูุชู ูุญุชุงุฌูููุง ูุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุงููุฑุงุฑ ุงูุฐู ุณูุตูุน ุงููุฑู.
|
Well, the problem with that is it overwhelms the networks, and worse yet, it overwhelms the cognitive abilities of each of the people trying to get that one nugget of information they need to make the decision that's going to make the difference.
|
ูุฐุง ูุญู ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ููุชูููุฑ ุจูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ู
ู ุงูุชุญุฏูุงุช.
|
So we need to think about those kinds of challenges.
|
ูุฐุง ุฅููุง ุงูุจูุงูุงุช.
|
So it's the data.
|
ุจุงูุฑุฌูุน ุฅูู ู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฉุ ุญุงูููุง ุฃู ูุญู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุจุชุณุฌูู ุงูุจูุงูุงุช ู
ู ุงูู Bujold ููุท ุนูุฏู
ุง ูุงูุช ูู ุนู
ู ุงูุฑูุงู
ุ ูุฃู ุฐูู ู
ุง ูุงู ูุฑูู ุงูุจุญุซ ูุงูุฅููุงุฐ ุฃููู
ูุญุชุงุฌููู.
|
Going back to the World Trade Center, we tried to solve that problem by just recording the data from Bujold only when she was deep in the rubble, because that's what the USAR team said they wanted.
|
ู
ุง ูู
ููู ูุนูู
ู ูู ุฐูู ุงูููุช ูุงู ุฃู ุงูู
ููุฏุณูู ุงูู
ุฏูููู ูุงููุง ุณูุญุจูู ููุญุชุงุฌูู ุฅูู ุจูุงูุงุช ุงูุญุฒู
ุงูู
ุฑุจุนุฉุ ูุงูุฃุฑูุงู
ุงูุชุณูุณููุฉุ ูุงูู
ูุงูุนุ ุฎูุงู ู
ุฑูุฑูุง ูู ุงูุฑูุงู
.
|
What we didn't know at the time was that the civil engineers would have loved, needed the data as we recorded the box beams, the serial numbers, the locations, as we went into the rubble.
|
ุฎุณุฑูุง ุจูุงูุงุช ููู
ุฉ.
|
We lost valuable data.
|
ูุฐูู ูุฅู ุงูุชุญุฏู ููู
ู ูู ุงูุญุตูู ุนูู ูุงูุฉ ุงูุจูุงูุงุช ูุฅูุตุงููุง ุฅูู ุงูุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงูู
ูุงุณุจูู.
|
So the challenge is getting all the data and getting it to the right people.
|
ูุงูุขูุ ุฅูููู
ุณุจุจุงู ุขุฎุฑ.
|
Now, here's another reason.
|
ููุฏ ุชุนูู
ูุง ุฃู ุจุนุถ ุงูู
ุจุงูู ุฃุดูุงุก ูุงูู
ุฏุงุฑุณุ ูุงูู
ุณุชุดููุงุชุ ููุงุนุงุช ุงูู
ุฏู ุชูุชุด ุฃุฑุจุน ู
ุฑุงุช ู
ู ูุจู ููุงูุงุช ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ุทูุงู ู
ุฑุงุญู ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ.
|
We've learned that some buildings -- things like schools, hospitals, city halls -- get inspected four times by different agencies throughout the response phases.
|
ูุงูุขู ูุญู ูุชุทูุนุ ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูู
ูููุง ุชุญุตูู ุงูุจูุงูุงุช ู
ู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ูู
ุดุงุฑูุชูุง ูููุณ ููุท ุจุฅู
ูุงููุง ูุนู ุฃุดูุงุก ูุถุบุท ูุฐุง ุงูุชุณูุณู ู
ู ุงูู
ุฑุงุญู ูุชูููู ููุช ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉุ ูููู ุณูููู ุจุฅู
ูุงููุง ุฃู ูุจุฏุฃ ุจุงูููุงู
ุจุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุจุดูู ู
ุชูุงุฒ.
|
Now, we're looking, if we can get the data from the robots to share, not only can we do things like compress that sequence of phases to shorten the response time, but now we can begin to do the response in parallel.
|
ูู
ูู ููุฌู
ูุน ู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ุงูุจูุงูุงุช.
|
Everybody can see the data.
|
ูู
ูููุง ุชูุตูุฑูุง ุนูู ูุฐุง ุงููุญู.
|
We can shorten it that way.
|
ูุฐุง ูู ุงูุญูููุฉุ ูุฅู ุงูุงุณู
"ุฑูุจูุชุงุช ุงูููุงุฑุซ" ูู ุงุณู
ู
ุบููุท.
|
So really, "disaster robotics" is a misnomer.
|
ุฅู ุงูุฃู
ุฑ ูุง ูุชุนูู ุจุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช.
|
It's not about the robots.
|
ุจู ูุชุนูู ุจุงูุจูุงูุงุช.
|
It's about the data.
|
ูุฐูู ูุฏู ุชุญุฏู ููู
: ูู ุงูู
ุฑุฉ ุงูู
ูุจูุฉ ุงูุชู ุชุณู
ุนูู ูููุง ุนู ูุงุฑุซุฉุ ุงุจุญุซูุง ุนู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช.
|
So my challenge to you: the next time you hear about a disaster, look for the robots.
|
ุฑุจู
ุง ุชููู ุชุญุช ุงูุฃุฑุถุ ููุฏ ุชููู ุชุญุช ุงูู
ุงุกุ ููุฏ ุชููู ูู ุงูุณู
ุงุกุ ูููู ูุฌุจ ุฃู ุชููู ููุงู.
|
They may be underground, they may be underwater, they may be in the sky, but they should be there.
|
ุงุจุญุซูุง ุนู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุชุ ูุฃู ุงูุฑูุจูุชุงุช ูุงุฏู
ุฉ ููุฅููุงุฐ.
|
Look for the robots, because robots are coming to the rescue.
|
ุญูู ููุช ูู ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ , ููุช ู
ูุชู
ุฉ ุจุงูุนููู
-- ู
ุบุฑู
ุฉ ุจู .ู
ุชุดููุฉ ุฃู ุฃุชุนูู
ู.
|
When I was 14 years old, I was interested in science -- fascinated by it, excited to learn about it.
|
ููุงู ูุฏู ู
ุฏุฑุณ ุนููู
ูู ุงูู
ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงูุซุงูููุฉ ูููู ูููุตูุ ูุงููุชูุงุช ููุณ ุนูููู ุงูุงุณุชู
ุงุน ูุฐูู. "
|
And I had a high school science teacher who would say to the class, "The girls don't have to listen to this."
|
ุฐูู ู
ูุดุฌูุนุ ูุนู
.
|
Encouraging, yes.
|
ูุงุฎุชุฑุช ุฃูุง ุฃุณุชู
ุน -- ูููู ูุชูู ุงูุนุจุงุฑุฉ ููุท.
|
I chose not to listen -- but to that statement alone.
|
ูุฐุง ุฏุนููู ุขุฎุฐูู
ุฅูู ุฌุจุงู ุงูุงูุฏูุฒ ูู ุดููู ุนูู ุจุนุฏ 500 ูู
ู300ู
ูู ู
ู ุดู
ุงู ุดุฑู ุณุงูุชูุงุบู
|
So let me take you to the Andes mountains in Chile, 500 kilometers, 300 miles northeast of Santiago.
|
ุฅููุง ุจุนูุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูุฌุงูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูุฌู
ููุฉ ุฌุฏุง
|
It's very remote, it's very dry and it's very beautiful.
|
ููุง ููุฌุฏ ููุงู ุงููุซูุฑ.
|
And there's not much there.
|
ููุงู ูุณูุฑ ุงููููุฏูุฑ ูุงูุชุฑุงูุชููุงุ ููู ุงูููู ุนูุฏู
ุง ูููู ุงูุถูุก ุฎุงูุชุง ูุชู
ุงููุดู ุนู ุฃุธูู
ุงูุณู
ุงูุงุช ุนูู ูุฌู ุงูุฃุฑุถ.
|
There are condors, there are tarantulas, and at night, when the light dims, it reveals one of the darkest skies on Earth.
|
ุฅูู ุดุจูู ุจู
ูุงู ุณุงุญุฑุ ุงูุฌุจู.
|
It's kind of a magic place, the mountain.
|
ุงูู ู
ุฒูุฌ ุฑุงุฆุน ู
ู ูู
ุฉ ุงูุฌุจู ุงูู
ุนุฒููุฉ ู
ุน ุงูุชูููููุฌูุง ุงูู
ุชุทูุฑุฉ ุงูุฑุงุฆุนุฉ
|
It's a wonderful combination of very remote mountaintop with exquisitely sophisticated technology.
|
ูุฃุฌุฏุงุฏูุงุ ูุทุงูู
ุง ูุงู ููุงู ุชุงุฑูุฎ ู
ุณุฌูุ ูุฏ ูุธุฑูุง ุฅูู ุงูุณู
ุงุก ูุชุฃู
ููุง ุญููููุฉ ูุฌูุฏูุง.
|
And our ancestors, for as long as there's been recorded history, have looked at the night sky and pondered the nature of our existence.
|
ูุฌูููุง ููุณ ุจุงุณุชุซูุงุก.
|
And we're no exception, our generation.
|
ุงูุตุนูุจุฉ ุงููุญูุฏุฉ ูู ุฃู ุงูุณู
ุงุก ูููุง ุฃุตุจุญุช ู
ุญุฌูุจุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ููุฌ ุฃุถูุงุก ุงูู
ุฏููุฉ.
|
The only difficulty is that the night sky now is blocked by the glare of city lights.
|
ููุฐูู ูุฐูุจ ุนูู
ุงุก ุงูููู ุฅูู ูู
ู
ุชูู ุงูุฌุจุงู ุงูุจุนูุฏุฉ ูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ูุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงูููู.
|
And so astronomers go to these very remote mountaintops to view and to study the cosmos.
|
ูุฐูู ูุงู ุงูุชููุณููุจ ูู ุดุจุงููุง ุงูุฐู ูุดุงูุฏ ุนุจุฑู ุงูููู.
|
So telescopes are our window to the cosmos.
|
ููุณ ููุงู ู
ุจุงูุบุฉ ุงุฐุง ูููุง ุฃู ูุตู ุงููุฑุฉ ุงูุฌููุจู ุณูููู ูู ู
ุณุชูุจู ุนูู
ุงูููู ูู ุงููุฑู21
|
It's no exaggeration to say that the Southern Hemisphere is going to be the future of astronomy for the 21st century.
|
ููุฏููุง ุจุงููุนู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
ูุงุธูุฑ ูู ุฌุจุงู ุงูุงูุฏูุฒ ูู ุดููู ูุณููุถู
ุฅูููุง ูุฑูุจุง ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ู
ุซูุฑุฉ ููุง ูุฏุฑุงุช ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ
|
We have an array of existing telescopes already, in the Andes mountains in Chile, and that's soon to be joined by a really sensational array of new capability.
|
ูุณูููู ููุงู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุชุงู ุฏูููุชุงู ุณุชููู
ุงู ุจุจูุงุก ู
ูุงุธูุฑ ุถุฎู
ุฉ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ููุฅุดุนุงุน ุงูุถูุฆู ูุฃุนูููุง.
|
There will be two international groups that are going to be building giant telescopes, sensitive to optical radiation, as our eyes are.
|
ุณูููู ููุงู ู
ูุธุงุฑ ููุงุณุชุทูุงุน ุงูุฐู ุณูููู
ุจูุญุต ุงูุณู
ุงุก ูู ุนุฏุฉ ููุงูู
|
There will be a survey telescope that will be scanning the sky every few nights.
|
ุณูููู ููุงู ู
ูุงุธูุฑ ูุงุณูููุฉ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ููุฃุดุนุฉ ุฐุงุช ุงูู
ูุฌุงุช ุงูุทูููุฉ
|
There will be radio telescopes, sensitive to long-wavelength radio radiation.
|
ูุณูููู ููุงู ู
ูุธุงุฑ ูู ุงููุถุงุก.
|
And then there will be telescopes in space.
|
ูุณูููู ููุงู ุฎูููุฉ ูู
ูุธุงุฑ ุงููุถุงุก ููุทูู ุนููู ู
ูุธุงุฑ ุฌูู
ุณ ููุจุ ูุณูุชู
ุฅุตุฏุงุฑู ุนุงู
2018.
|
There'll be a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope; it's called the James Webb Telescope, and it will be launched in 2018.
|
ูุณูููู ููุงู ูู
ุฑ ุตูุงุนู ูุฏุนู ุชูุณ ูุงูุฐู ุณููุชุดู ุงูููุงูุจ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงูู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงูุดู
ุณูุฉ.
|
There'll be a satellite called TESS that will discover planets outside of our solar system.
|
ูู ุงูุนุดุฑ ุณููุงุช ุงูุงุฎูุฑุฉ ุชูููุช ููุงุฏุฉ ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงุชุญุงุฏ -- ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุฏูููุฉุ ูุจูุงุก ู
ุงุณูู ูููู ุนูููุ ุนูุฏ ุงูุชูุงุฆูุ ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ูุธุงุฑ ุถูุฆู ูู ุงููุฌูุฏ.
|
For the last decade, I've been leading a group -- a consortium -- international group, to build what will be, when it's finished, the largest optical telescope in existence.
|
ููุณู
ู ู
ูุธุงุฑ ู
ุงุฌูุงู ุงูุนู
ูุงู .
|
It's called the Giant Magellan Telescope, or GMT.
|
ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ ุณูููู ูู ู
ุฑุงูุง ูุทุฑูุง ุญูุงูู8.4 ู
ูู ู
ุฑุขุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
ุฑุง ูุง
|
This telescope is going to have mirrors that are 8.4 meters in diameter -- each of the mirrors.
|
ูุงูุชู ุชูุฏุฑ ุจ27 ูุฏู
ุชูุฑูุจุง.
|
That's almost 27 feet.
|
ูุฐุง ููู ูุตุบุฑ ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุณุฑุญ ุฑุจู
ุง ููุตู ุงูุฑุงุจุน ู
ู ุงูุฌู
ููุฑ.
|
So it dwarfs this stage -- maybe out to the fourth row in this audience.
|
ูู ู
ุฑุขุฉ ู
ู ุงูุณุจุน ู
ุฑุงูุง ูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ ุณูููู ูุทุฑูุง ุญูุงูู 27 ูุฏู
.
|
Each of the seven mirrors in this telescope will be almost 27 feet in diameter.
|
ููู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุฑุงูุง ุงูุณุจุน ู
ุนุง ูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ ุณูููู ูุทุฑูุง 80 ูุฏู
ุง.
|
Together, the seven mirrors in this telescope will comprise 80 feet in diameter.
|
ุงุฐู ุฃุณุงุณุง ูู ุงูุญุฌู
ุงูููู ููุฐู ุงููุงุนุฉ.
|
So, essentially the size of this entire auditorium.
|
ุณูููู ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ ุนูู ุงุฑุชูุงุน 43ู
ุชุฑุง ูู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู - ูููู ูู ุฑูู- ุจุนุถูู
ุณูููู ูุงุฏุฑุง ุนูู ุฑุคูุฉ ุชู
ุซุงู ุงูู
ุณูุญ ุงูุนุธูู
.
|
The whole telescope will stand about 43 meters high, and again, being in Rio, some of you have been to see the statue of the giant Christ.
|
ูุงูุญุฌู
ูุง ููุงุฑู ูู ุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงููุงูุน ูู ุฃุตุบุฑ ู
ู
ุง ุณูููู ุนููู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ
|
The scale is comparable in height; in fact, it's smaller than this telescope will be.
|
ููู ููุงุฑู ุจุญุฌู
ุชู
ุซุงู ุงูุญุฑูุฉ.
|
It's comparable to the size of the Statue of Liberty.
|
ูุณูููู ู
ูุฑู ูู ู
ูุทูุฉ ู
ุณูุฌุฉ ูุงุฑุชูุงุนูุง 60 ู
.
|
And it's going to be housed in an enclosure that's 22 stories -- 60 meters high.
|
ููููู ู
ุจูู ุบูุฑ ุนุงุฏู ูุญู
ุงูุฉ ุฐูู ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ.
|
But it's an unusual building to protect this telescope.
|
ุณูููู ูู ุดุจุงุจูู ู
ูุชูุญุฉ ุนูู ุงูุณู
ุงุก. ูุงุฏุฑ ุนูู ุงูุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูุงููุธุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุณู
ุงุก. ูุณูุฏูุฑ ูุนููุง ุนูู ูุงุนุฏุฉ -- ูุฒููุง 2000 ุทู ู
ู ุงูู
ุจูู ุงูุฏูุงุฑ.
|
It will have open windows to the sky, be able to point and look at the sky, and it will actually rotate on a base -- 2,000 tons of rotating building.
|
ู
ูุธุงุฑ ู
ุงุฌูุงู ุงูุนู
ูุงู ุณูููู 10 ู
ุฑุงุช ุฃุฏู ู
ู ู
ูุธุงุฑ ุงููุถุงุก ูุงุจู.
|
The Giant Magellan Telescope will have 10 times the resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope.
|
ุณุชููู ุญุณุงุณูุชู 20 ู
ูููู ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุงูุนูู ุงูุจุดุฑูุฉ
|
It will be 20 million times more sensitive than the human eye.
|
ูุฑุจู
ุง ูููู ููุฃูู ู
ุฑุฉ ูุงุฏุฑุง ุนูู ุฅูุฌุงุฏ ุญูุงุฉ ุนูู ุณุทุญ ุงูููุงูุจ ุงูุฃุฎุฑู ุฎุงุฑุฌ ูุทุงู ุงูู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงูุดู
ุณูุฉ.
|
And it may, for the first time ever, be capable of finding life on planets outside of our solar system.
|
ุณูุณู
ุญ ููุง ุจุงูุฑุฌูุน ูููุธุฑ ูู ู
ุตุฏุฑ ุฃูู ุถูุก ูู ุงูููู -- ูุฃุนูู ุญุฑููุง ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงูููู.
|
It's going to allow us to look back at the first light in the universe -- literally, the dawn of the cosmos.
|
ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงูููู.
|
The cosmic dawn.
|
ุฅูู ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ ุงูุฐู ุณูุชูุญ ููุง ุฅู
ุนุงู ุงููุธุฑ ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑูุ ูุฃู ูุดูุฏ ุงูู
ุฌุฑุงุช ูู
ุง ูุงูุช ุนูุฏู
ุง ุชู
ุชุฌู
ูุนูุงุ ุงูุซููุจ ุงูุณูุฏุงุก ุงูุฃููู ูู ุงูููู ูุงูู
ุฌุฑุงุช ุงูุฃููู.
|
It's a telescope that's going to allow us to peer back, witness galaxies as they were when they were actually assembling, the first black holes in the universe, the first galaxies.
|
ุฅูู ุญุฏ ุงูุขู ุฏุฑุณูุง ุงูููู ูุขูุงู ุงูุณูููุ ุชุณุงุกููุง ุนู ู
ููุนูุง ูู ูุฐุง ุงูููู.
|
Now, for thousands of years, we have been studying the cosmos, we've been wondering about our place in the universe.
|
ูููุฏ ุฃุฎุจุฑูุง ุงููููุงูููู ุงููุฏุงู
ู ุฃู ุงูุฃุฑุถ ูู ู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูููู.
|
The ancient Greeks told us that the Earth was the center of the universe.
|
ูู
ูุฐ 500 ุณูู ูุงู
ููุจุฑููููุณ ุจุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงูุฃุฑุถุ ููุถุน ุงูุดู
ุณ ูู ููุจ ุงูููู.
|
Five hundred years ago, Copernicus displaced the Earth, and put the Sun at the heart of the cosmos.
|
ููู
ุง ุชุนูู
ูุง ุนูู ู
ุฏุงุฑ ุงููุฑููุ ู
ูุฐ ุฃู ูุงู
ุฌุงููููุ ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุฅูุทุงููุ ูุฃูู ู
ุฑุฉ ูู ุฐูู ุงูููุช ุจุงุฏุงุฑุฉ ู
ูุธุงุฑ ุตุบูุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุญุฌู
ู 2 ุจูุตุฉ ูู ุงูุณู
ุงุกุ ููู ูู ู
ุฑุฉ ูููู
ูููุง ุจุจูุงุก ู
ูุธุงุฑ ุฃูุจุฑุ ููุชุดู ุดูุฆุง ุฌุฏูุฏุง ุญูู ุงููููุ ููุฏ ูู
ูุง ุจุงูุชุดุงูุงุช ุจุฏูู ุงุณุชุซูุงุกุ
|
And as we've learned over the centuries, since Galileo Galilei, the Italian scientist, first turned, in that time, a two-inch, very small telescope, to the sky, every time we have built larger telescopes, we have learned something about the universe; we've made discoveries, without exception.
|
ูููุฏ ุชุนูู
ูุง ูู ุงููุฑู ุงู20 ุฃู ุงูููู ูุชุณุน ูุฃู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุชูุง ุงูุดู
ุณูุฉ ููุณุช ู
ุฑูุฒ ุฐูู ุงูุชูุณุน.
|
We've learned in the 20th century that the universe is expanding and that our own solar system is not at the center of that expansion.
|
ูููุฏ ุนูู
ูุง ุงูุขู ุฃู ุงูููู ูุชููู ู
ู 100 ุจูููู ู
ุฌุฑุฉ ูุงูุชู ูู
ูููุง ุฑุคูุชูุงุ ููู ู
ุฌุฑุฉ ู
ู ุชูู ุงูู
ุฌุฑุงุช ุจุฏุงุฎููุง 100ุจูููู ูุฌู
.
|
We know now that the universe is made of about 100 billion galaxies that are visible to us, and each one of those galaxies has 100 billion stars within it.
|
ุงูุขู ูุญู ููุธุฑ ุงูู ุฃุนู
ู ุตูุฑุฉ ููููู ูุงูุชู ุชู
ุงูุชูุงุทูุง.
|
So we're looking now at the deepest image of the cosmos that's ever been taken.
|
ุชู
ุงูุชูุงุทูุง ุจู
ูุธุงุฑ ุงููุถุงุก ูุงุจู ูุจุชูุฌูู ุงูู
ูุธุงุฑ ุฅูู ู
ูุงู ูู ุงูุณู
ุงุก ูุงู ุฎุงููุง ุณุงุจูุงุ ูุจู ุฅุทูุงู ูุงุจูู.
|
It was taken using the Hubble Space Telescope, and by pointing the telescope at what was previously a blank region of sky, before the launch of Hubble.
|
ูุฅู ูุงู ูู ุฅู
ูุงูู ุชุฎูู ุชูู ุงูู
ูุทูุฉ ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉุ ุฅููุง ุจูุฏุฑ 5 ู
ุฑุงุช ุญุฌู
ุงููู
ุฑ ู
ูุชู
ูุง.
|
And if you can imagine this tiny area, it's only one-fiftieth of the size of the full moon.
|
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