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ุฒูŠ ูุฑุงู†ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู…ููƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑูŠุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุนุจู‚ุฑูŠ. ูˆู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ุจู†ุงุคู‡ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุชุŒ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู†.
Ze isn't just a great public intellectual, he's also a brilliant community builder, and the community of people that built up around these videos was in many ways a community of learners.
ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ุนุจู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุน ุฒูŠ ูุฑุงู†ูƒ ู„ุนุจุฉ ุดุทุฑู†ุฌุŒ ูˆุชุบู„ุจู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡.
So we played Ze Frank at chess collaboratively, and we beat him.
ู†ุธู…ู†ุง ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุดุงุจุงู‹ ููŠ ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
We organized ourselves to take a young man on a road trip across the United States.
ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุทูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฌุนู„ ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฒ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุฌุนู„ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฒ.
We turned the Earth into a sandwich, by having one person hold a piece of bread at one point on the Earth, and on the exact opposite point of the Earth, have another person holding a piece of bread.
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุณุงุฐุฌุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงููƒุงุฑุงู‹ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงูƒุงู† ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ. ุฅุฐุง ุจุญุซุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†.
I realize that these are silly ideas, but they are also "learny" ideas, and that was what was so exciting to me, and if you go online, you can find communities like this all over the place.
ุชุงุจุน ูˆุณู… ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุงู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุจู„ุฑุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุณุชุฌุฏ ุฃุดุฎุงุตุงู‹ ูŠุชุฐู…ุฑูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุณุชุฌุฏ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃุดุฎุงุตุงู‹ ูŠุนูŠุฏูˆู† ุชุฏูˆูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒุงูˆู‰ุŒ ูŠูุชุญูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุงู…ู„ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ูˆู…ู…ุชุนุŒ ูˆุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุญู„.
Follow the calculus tag on Tumblr, and yes, you will see people complaining about calculus, but you'll also see people re-blogging those complaints, making the argument that calculus is interesting and beautiful, and here's a way in to thinking about the problem that you find unsolvable.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุซู„ ุฑุฏูŠุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงูŠู‚ูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ู…ุซู„: " ุงุณุฃู„ ู…ุคุฑุฎ " ุฃูˆ " ุงุณุฃู„ ุนุงู„ู… "ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชุณุฃู„ ุฃุดุฎุงุตุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณุฎูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
You can go to places like Reddit, and find sub-Reddits, like "Ask a Historian" or "Ask Science," where you can ask people who are in these fields a wide range of questions, from very serious ones to very silly ones.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ. ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจูƒู„ ุตุฑุงุญุฉ ู…ู†ุญุงุฒ ุจุดุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
But to me, the most interesting communities of learners that are growing up on the Internet right now are on YouTube, and admittedly, I am biased.
ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุฃู† ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠ.
But I think in a lot of ways, the YouTube page resembles a classroom.
ุฒุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ " ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก " ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก: ูู„ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
Look for instance at "Minute Physics," a guy who's teaching the world about physics: Let's cut to the chase.
ููŠ 4 ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆ 2012ุŒ ุฃุถุญู‰ ุจูˆุฒูˆู† ู‡ูŠุบุฒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุงุฑูŠ ู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณูŠู…ุงุชุŒ ูŠุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠ.
As of July 4, 2012, the Higgs boson is the last fundamental piece of the standard model of particle physics to be discovered experimentally.
ู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุฃู„ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฌ ุจูˆุฒูˆู† ู‡ูŠุบุฒ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุŒ ุจุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฌุณูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ููˆุชูˆู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆุงุฑูƒุงุชุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ุขู†ุฐุงูƒ ุนุงู… 1970ุŸ
But, you might ask, why was the Higgs boson included in the standard model, alongside well-known particles like electrons and photons and quarks, if it hadn't been discovered back then in the 1970s?
ุณุคุงู„ ุฌูŠุฏ. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจุงู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุงู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุ›
Good question. There are two main reasons.
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„: ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ูƒู…ุง ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุจูˆุฒูˆู† ู‡ูŠุบุฒ ู‡ูˆ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฌุณูŠู… ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ุชุชุฎู„ู„ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู‡ูŠุบุฒ.
First, just like the electron is an excitation in the electron field, the Higgs boson is simply a particle which is an excitation of the everywhere-permeating Higgs field.
ูˆุจุฏูˆุฑู‡ ูŠู„ุนุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู‡ูŠุบุฒ ุฏูˆุฑุงู‹ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌู†ุง ู„ุถุนู ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
The Higgs field in turn plays an integral role in our model for the weak nuclear force.
ุจูˆุฌู‡ู ุฎุงุต ูุฅู† ู…ุฌุงู„ ู‡ูŠุบุฒ ูŠูุณุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุณุจุจ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุถุนูŠูุงู‹.
In particular, the Higgs field helps explain why it's so weak.
ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุงุญู‚. ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ูƒูˆู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุนู ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุคูƒุฏุฉ ุนุงู… 1980 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุชุ› ู…ุฌุงู„ ู‡ูŠุบุฒ ู…ุฎุชู„ุท ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุซูŠู‚ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ุน ุถุนู ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู… ู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„.
We'll talk more about this in a later video, but even though weak nuclear theory was confirmed in the 1980s, in the equations, the Higgs field is so inextricably jumbled with the weak force, that until now we've been unable to confirm its actual and independent existence.
ุฌูˆู† ุบุฑูŠู†: ู‡ุฐุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฃุนุฏุฏุชู‡ ูƒุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌูŠ " ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ูƒุซูุฉ " ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ : ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุงู„ุฃุบุชูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุณุฑุงูŠูŠููˆ ู„ู„ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ู…ุณุงูˆูŠ ูุฑุงู†ุฒ ูุฑุฏูŠู†ุงู†ุฏุŒ ููŠ 28 ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ุนุงู… 1914ุŒ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุตุฑุจูŠ- ุจูˆุณู†ูŠ ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุบุงูุฑูŠู„ูˆ ุจุฑูŠู†ุณูŠุจ.
JG: Or here's a video that I made as part of my show "Crash Course," talking about World War I: The immediate cause was of course the assassination in Sarajevo of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian-Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.
ู„ู…ุญุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ : ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃูˆู„ ุญุฑุจ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุนู…ู„ ุงุฑู‡ุงุจูŠ.
Quick aside: It's worth noting that the first big war of the twentieth century began with an act of terrorism.
ูุฑุงู†ุฒ ูุฑุฏูŠู†ุงู†ุฏ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุญุจูˆุจุงู‹ ุฎุงุตุฉู‹ ู…ู† ู‚ูุจู„ ุนู…ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑ ูุฑุงู†ุฒ ุฌูˆุณูŠู -- ุฅู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุจ ! --
So Franz Ferdinand wasn't particularly well-liked by his uncle, the emperor Franz Joseph -- now that is a mustache!
ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‚ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃุบุชูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ุณุง ู„ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ุฅู†ุฐุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตุฑุจูŠุงุŒ ุนู†ุฏุฆุฐู ูˆุงูู‚ุช ุตุฑุจูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ู…ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู†ู…ุณุง ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุงุŒ ู…ู…ุง ู‚ุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ู…ุณุง ู„ุฅุนู„ุงู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุถุฏ ุตุฑุจูŠุง.
But even so, the assassination led Austria to issue an ultimatum to Serbia, whereupon Serbia accepted some, but not all, of Austria's demands, leading Austria to declare war against Serbia.
ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู‚ุงู…ุช ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุจุญุดุฏ ุฌูŠูˆุดู‡ุงุ› ู†ุธุฑุงู‹ ู„ุชุญุงู„ูู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุตุฑุจ.
And then Russia, due to its alliance with the Serbs, mobilized its army.
ุงู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุจุณุจุจ ุชุญุงู„ูู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ู…ุณุงุ› ุทู„ุจุช ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ูˆู‚ู ุญุดุฏู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฌูŠุดุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูุดู„ุช ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุญุดุฏุช ุฌูŠุดู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุŒ ู…ูุนู„ู†ุฉู‹ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุณูŠุงุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุซู‚ุฉู‹ ุชุญุงู„ู ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุซู…ุงู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑู†ุณุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูุฑู†ุณุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู….
Germany, because it had an alliance with Austria, told Russia to stop mobilizing, which Russia failed to do, so then Germany mobilized its own army, declared war on Russia, cemented an alliance with the Ottomans, and then declared war on France, because, you know, France.
ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ูˆุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุงูŠุฎุชุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ.
And it's not just physics and world history that people are choosing to learn through YouTube.
ู‡ุฐุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏูŠุฉ:
Here's a video about abstract mathematics.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃู†ุช ุฃู†ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ููŠ ุญุตุฉ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุ› ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฌุนู„ูˆู†ูƒ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู….
So you're me, and you're in math class yet again, because they make you go every single day.
ูˆุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุขู† ุชุชุนู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุฌุงู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ.
And you're learning about, I don't know, the sums of infinite series.
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
That's a high school topic, right?
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุบุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุ› ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ ู‚ุฏ ุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุฅูุณุงุฏู‡.
Which is odd, because it's a cool topic, but they somehow manage to ruin it anyway.
ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ุณู…ุงุญู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู…ุชุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠ.
So I guess that's why they allow infinite series in the curriculum.
ูˆููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงุกุ› ุชุฎุฑุจุด ูˆุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุณูŠุฑูŠุณ" *ู…ุชุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠ ู…ุชู†ุงูˆู„ูƒ: "ุณูŠุฑูŠุณูŠุฒ"ุŒ "ุณูŠุฑูŠุณูŠ"ุŒ "ุณูŠุฑูŠุณูŠู†"ุŒ "ุณูŠุฑุงูŠ" ุŸ
So, in a quite understandable need for distraction, you're doodling and thinking more about what the plural of "series" should be than about the topic at hand: "serieses," "seriese," "seriesen," and "serii?"
ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ "ุณูŠุฑูŠ"ุŒ "ุณูŠุฑู…" ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ูƒู…ูุฑุฏ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุดูŠุจ" *ุฎุฑูˆู ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† "ุดูˆุจ".
Or is it that the singular should be changed: one "serie," or "serum," just like the singular of "sheep" should be "shoop."
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„: 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง... ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฐุงุช ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุงุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฑุณู… ุฎุทุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠู„ุฉ ูƒู„ ููŠู„ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุฐูŠู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู„ูŠู‡: ููŠู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ููŠู„ ูŠุงูุนุŒ ููŠู„ ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ููŠู„ ุจุญุฌู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุจุŒ ููŠู„ ุจุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุŒ ูˆุตูˆู„ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ "ุชุงุณูƒุณ" ูˆู…ุง ูˆุฑุงุกู‡.
But the whole concept of things like 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 and so on approaches one, is useful if, say, you want to draw a line of elephants, each holding the tail of the next one: normal elephant, young elephant, baby elephant, dog-sized elephant, puppy-sized elephant, all the way down to Mr. Tusks and beyond.
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูŠุก ุฑุงุฆุน ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุ› ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุตูุŒ ูˆู…ุงุชุฒุงู„ ู…ุชูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ู…ุน ุตูุญุฉ ุฏูุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
Which is at least a tiny bit awesome, because you can get an infinite number of elephants in a line, and still have it fit across a single notebook page.
ุฌูˆู† ุบุฑูŠู†: ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูŠุณุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ " ุฃุฐูƒู‰ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…"ุŒ ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠ. ูˆู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ... ู‚ุทุท: ุฃู‡ู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฏูŠุณุชูŠู†. ู…ุฑุญุจุงู‹ ู…ุฑุฉู‹ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ " ุฃุฐูƒู‰ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ".
JG: And lastly, here's Destin, from "Smarter Every Day," talking about the conservation of angular momentum, and, since it's YouTube, cats: Hey, it's me, Destin. Welcome back to "Smarter Every Day."
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุงุญุธุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุท ุชุณุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹.
So you've probably observed that cats almost always land on their feet.
ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…: ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
Today's question is: why?
ูƒุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ุชูƒู…ู† ูˆุฑุงุฆู‡ุง ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
Like most simple questions, there's a very complex answer.
ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุฃูุนูŠุฏ ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„: ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู‚ุท ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‚ุฏู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠ ู„ู„ุณู‚ูˆุทุŒ ุฏูˆู† ุฅู†ุชู‡ุงูƒ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุŸ
For instance, let me reword this question: How does a cat go from feet-up to feet-down in a falling reference frame, without violating the conservation of angular momentum?
ุฌูˆู† ุบุฑูŠู†: ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ : ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุตู ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ.
JG: So, here's something all four of these videos have in common: They all have more than half a million views on YouTube.
ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุง ูŠุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉุ› ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู… ุฌุฒุกู‹ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูู†ุดุฆุช ู…ู† ู‚ูุจู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช.
And those are people watching not in classrooms, but because they are part of the communities of learning that are being set up by these channels.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒู„ู…ุช ููŠ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ ูƒุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ู†ูˆุงุญู ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุ› - ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠ ุนุชูŠู‚ ุงู„ุทุฑุงุฒ - ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจุŒ ูˆุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ู… ูŠุฌุฑูˆู† ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ.
And I said earlier that YouTube is like a classroom to me, and in many ways it is, because here is the instructor -- it's like the old-fashioned classroom: here's the instructor, and then beneath the instructor are the students, and they're all having a conversation.
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุณู…ุนุฉ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ู…ุงุณุชุฌุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ูˆูŠุทุฑุญูˆู† ุญูˆู„ู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ ูˆู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ูŠูุฌูŠุจูˆู† ุนู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ.
And I know that YouTube comments have a very bad reputation in the world of the Internet, but in fact, if you go on comments for these channels, what you'll find is people engaging the subject matter, asking difficult, complicated questions that are about the subject matter, and then other people answering those questions.
ูˆู„ุฃู† ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ ุฃูู†ุดุฆุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ููŠู‡ุŒ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุชูƒ. ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุดุงุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุญูŠุฉ ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆูุงุนู„ุฉ.
And because the YouTube page is set up so that the page in which I'm talking to you is on the exact -- the place where I'm talking to you is on the exact same page as your comments, you are participating in a live and real and active way in the conversation.
ูˆู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุฃุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุชุŒ ูุฃู†ุง ุฃุดุงุฑูƒ ู…ุนูƒู….
And because I'm in comments usually, I get to participate with you.
ูˆุณุชุฌุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆุงุกู‹ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠุงู‹ ูŠูƒู†.
And you find this whether it's world history, or mathematics, or science, or whatever it is.
ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุดุจุงุจุงู‹ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ูˆ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงู„ูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุนุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุณุฎุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู‡ ู…ุนุธู…ู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฏุงูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุดุจูƒูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ุงู„ู†ุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„: "ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ู„ู„. ุฅุฎุชุฑุน ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุงู…ู„"
You also see young people using the tools and the sort of genres of the Internet in order to create places for intellectual engagement, instead of the ironic detachment that maybe most of us associate with memes and other Internet conventions -- you know, "Got bored. Invented calculus."
ุฃูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆู†ูŠ ุจูˆ ุจูˆ ุชู†ุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ : [" ุงู„ุฑุฃุณู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฎูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ.
Or, here's Honey Boo Boo criticizing industrial capitalism: ["Liberal capitalism is not at all the Good of humanity.
ุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุญุดูŠุฉ ู…ุฏู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุนุฏู…ูŠู‡ "] ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ู… ุชุณุชุทุน ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ุงุฐุง ู‚ุงู„ุช...
Quite the contrary; it is the vehicle of savage, destructive nihilism."] In case you can't see what she says ... yeah.
ุฃู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃุคู…ู† ุจุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุณุงุญุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุฃุตุจุญุช ู„ู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู†ูุณ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช -ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท- ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ู„ู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ.
I really believe that these spaces, these communities, have become for a new generation of learners, the kind of communities, the kind of cartographic communities that I had when I was in high school, and then again when I was in college.
ูˆูƒุดุฎุต ุฑุงุดุฏุŒ ุฃูุนูŠุฏ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุนุงุฏุช ุชุนุฑูŠููŠ ุจู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู†. ูˆุดุฌุนุชู†ูŠ ู„ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุทุงู„ุจ ุนู„ู… ุญุชูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุณู† ุงู„ุฑุดุฏุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ู… ุฃุนูุฏ ุงุดุนุฑ ูˆูƒุฃู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู„ุดุจุงุจ.
And as an adult, re-finding these communities has re-introduced me to a community of learners, and has encouraged me to continue to be a learner even in my adulthood, so that I no longer feel like learning is something reserved for the young.
" ูุงูŠ ู‡ุงุฑุช " ูˆ "ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก " ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑูŠููŠ ุจุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุฃุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
Vi Hart and "Minute Physics" introduced me to all kinds of things that I didn't know before.
ูˆุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ู†ุนูˆุฏ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…: ู…ู† "ุงู„ุตุงู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจุงุฑูŠุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ูˆูŠุฑ"ุŒ ุฃูˆ " ู…ุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุบูˆู†ูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏูŠุฑุฉ "ุŒ ูˆู†ุชู…ู†ู‰: " ุฃูˆุงู‡ุŒ ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุถุญูƒุชู†ูŠ ู†ูƒุงุช ุฏูˆุฑูˆุซูŠ ุจุงุฑูƒุฑ ".
And I know that we all hearken back to the days of the Parisian salon in the Enlightenment, or to the Algonquin Round Table, and wish, "Oh, I wish I could have been a part of that, I wish I could have laughed at Dorothy Parker's jokes."
ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. ู…ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ.
But I'm here to tell you that these places exist, they still exist.
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฎุดู‰ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
They exist in corners of the Internet, where old men fear to tread.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃุคู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุนู†ุง ุฃุบู„ูˆ ู†ูŠูˆุฑูƒ ุนุงู… 1960ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุฃุบู„ูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆ.
And I truly, truly believe that when we invented Agloe, New York, in the 1960s, when we made Agloe real, we were just getting started.
ุชุนุฌุจู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ูˆู„ุฉูŒ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุดุท ูˆู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจุงู†ูƒ ุฑูˆูƒ ุฌู„ูˆ ุจูŠูุฑ.
There's this quote by activist and punk rock musician Jello Biafra that I love.
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง "ู„ุง ุชูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ุจู„ ูƒู† ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู…."
He says, "Don't hate the media. Be the media."
ุฃู†ุง ูู†ุงู†.
I'm an artist.
ุฃุนุดู‚ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹: ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู…ุทู„ุนูŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆ ู…ุนุฌุจูŒ ุจู…ุฏู‰ ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง.
I like working with media and technology because A, I'm familiar with them and I like the power they hold.
ูˆุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹ ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุฑู‡ ูˆุฃุฎุดู‰ ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง.
And B, I hate them and I'm terrified of the power they hold.
ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชูŠ ู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฐูŠุน ููˆูƒุณ ู†ูŠูˆุฒุŒ ุชูˆู†ูŠ ุณู†ูˆุŒ ูˆ ูˆุฒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุŒ ุฏูˆู†ุงู„ุฏ ุฑุงู…ุณููŠู„ุฏ ุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู… ูขู ู ูฃ.
I remember watching, in 2003, an interview between Fox News host Tony Snow and then-US Defense Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld.
ูƒุงู†ุง ูŠุชุญุฏุซุงู† ุนู† ุงู„ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุนุฑุงู‚ุŒ ูˆ ุณูุฆูู„ูŽ ุฑุงู…ุณููŠู„ุฏ : "ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ุน ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฌุซุซ ุฌู†ูˆุฏู†ุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฌุซุซู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ"
They were talking about the recent invasion of Iraq, and Rumsfeld is asked the question, "Well, we're hear about our body counts, but we never hear about theirs, why?"
ูˆุฌูˆุงุจ ุฑุงู…ุณููŠู„ุฏ ู‡ูˆ: "ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุญุตูŠ ุฌุซุซ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†"
And Rumsfeld's answer is, "Well, we don't do body counts on other people."
ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
Right?
ุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูกูฅู ูซู ู ู  ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุงุชูˆุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุนุงู… ูขู ู ูฃ.
It's estimated that between 150,000 to one million Iraqis, civilians, have died as a result of the US-led invasion in 2003.
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ูŠู†ุงู‚ุถ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูค,ูคูจูฆ ู…ู† ุงูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุฑูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู‚ูˆุง ุญุชูู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง.
That number is in stark contrast with the 4,486 US service members who died during that same window of time.
ู„ู… ุฃุฑุฏ ูู‚ุท ุฃู† ุฃุฑูุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู…ุฎูŠูุŒ
I wanted to do more than just bring awareness to this terrifying number.
ุจู„ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู†ุตุจ ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู‚ูˆุง ุญุชูู‡ู… ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุบุฒูˆ.
I wanted to create a monument for the individual civilians who died as a result of the invasion.
ุงู„ู†ุตุจ ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฑุจุŒ ูƒู†ุตุจ ู…ุงูŠุง ู„ู† ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠ ู„ุญุฑุจ ููŠุชู†ุงู…ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌู….
Monuments to war, such as Maya Lin's Vietnam Memorial, are often enormous in scale.
ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุดูƒู„ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑู ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
Very powerful and very one-sided.
ุฃุฑุฏุช ู„ู†ุตุจูŠ ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠ ุฃู† ูŠุนูŠุด ูˆูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
I wanted my monument to live in the world, and to circulate.
ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุตุจูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ุฃู† ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุฎุตุต ู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุฌุจุงู‹ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชุณุชู„ู… ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆุชูƒุชุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุถูˆู‹ุง ููŠ ุญูƒูˆู…ุชูƒ.
I remember when I was a boy in school, my teacher assigned us this classic civics assignment where you take a sheet of paper and you write a member of your government.
ูˆู‚ูŠู„ ู„ู†ุง ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุชุจู†ุง ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ููƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุŒ ูุณู†ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุฌูˆุงุจูŠุฉ.
And we were told, if we wrote a really good letter, if we really thought about it, we would get back more than just a simple formed letter as a reply.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ููƒุฑุชูŠ.
This is my "Notepad."
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุตูุฑุงุก ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู†ุตุจูŒ ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู…ุงุชูˆุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ.
What looks like an everyday, yellow legal tablet of paper is actually a monument to the individual Iraqi civilians that died as a result of the US invasion.
"ุงู„ู…ููƒุฑุฉ" ู‡ูŠ ูุนู„ ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌูŠ ูˆุฅุญูŠุงุกูŒ ู„ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ู…ุชุฎููŠุฉ ูƒูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ููƒุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ.
"Notepad" is an act of protest and an act of commemoration disguised as an everyday tablet of paper.
ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุณุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุญูŠู† ูŠุชู… ุชูƒุจูŠุฑู‡ุง ู„ุชุจุฏูˆ ู†ุตู‹ุง ุจุทุจุงุนุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุนูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุญุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠูŠู†.
The lines of the paper, when magnified, are revealed to be micro-printed text that contains the details, the names, the dates and locations of individual Iraqi civilians that died.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูฅ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุฃูƒูˆุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ ูˆุทู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆุชู‡ุฑูŠุจู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ูˆุงุฒู… ุงู„ู‚ุฑุทุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ู.
So, for the last 5 years, I've been taking pads of this paper, tons of this stuff, and smuggling it into the stationery supplies of the United States and the Coalition governments.
ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ูƒูŠู ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ.
I don't have to tell you guys this is not the place to discuss how I did that.
ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฌุฑูŠุช ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ู…ุน ุฃุนุถุงุก ุญุงู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆุณุงุจู‚ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจ"ุชุญุงู„ู ุงู„ุฑุงุบุจูŠู†"ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุนุงูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุฒูˆ.
But also, I've been meeting one-on-one with members and former members of the so-called Coalition of the Willing, who assisted in the invasion.
ูˆู„ุฐุง ุฃู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ู… ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุทุงุนุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฃุดุงุฑูƒู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน .
And so, whenever I can, I meet with one of them, and I share the project with them.
ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุฃูุชูŠุญ ู„ูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆุจ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ู…ุคู„ู "ู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฐูŠุจ"ุŒ ุฃู„ุจุฑุชูˆ ุบูˆู†ุฒุงู„ูŠุณ.
And last summer, I had the chance to meet with former United States Attorney General and Torture Memo author, Alberto Gonzales.
ู…ุงุช ูƒู†ูŠูˆู†: ู‡ู„ ุจูŠู…ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
Matt Kenyon: May I give this to you?
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ.
This is a special legal tablet.
ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ู…ุดุฑุน ูู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ.
It's actually part of an ongoing art project.
ุฃู„ุจูŠุฑุชูˆ ุฌูˆู†ุฒุงู„ุฒ: ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉุŸ
Alberto Gonzalez: This is a special legal pad?
ู…ุงุช: ู†ุนู…. ู„ู† ุชุตุฏู‚ู†ูŠุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ูู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุ› ุฃู†ุง ูู†ุงู†.
MK: Yes. You won't believe me, but it's in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art; I'm an artist.
ู…ุงุช: ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน -- ุฃู„ุจูŠุฑุชูˆ: ู‡ู„ ุณุชุฎุชููŠุŸ
MK: And all of the lines of the paper are actually -- AG: Are they going to disappear?
ู„ุงุŒุงู„ู†ุต ู…ุทุจูˆุนูŒ ููŠ ุญุฌู… ู…ูŠูƒู’ุฑููˆุณู’ูƒููˆุจููŠู‘ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู‚ูˆุง ุญุชูู‡ู… ู…ู†ุฐ ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚.
MK: No, they're micro-printed text that contains the names of individual Iraqi civilians who have died since the invasion of Iraq.
ุฃู„ุจูŠุฑุชูˆ: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
AG: Yeah. OK.
ุฃู„ุจูŠุฑุชูˆ: ุดูƒุฑุงู‹. ู…ุงุช: ุดูƒุฑุงู‹
AG: Thank you. MK: Thank you.
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุดูƒุฑู‡ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุชุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุดุนุฑูŠุฑุฉ.
The way he says "thank you" really creeps me out.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูู„ูŠู†ุธุฑ ูƒู„ูŒ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู„ุฃุณูู„ ูƒุฑุณูŠู‡.
OK, so I'd like each of you to look under your chairs.
ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุธุฑู.
There's an envelope.
ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ู…ู†ูƒู… ูุชุญู‡.
And please open it.
ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠูƒู… ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู…ุงุชูˆุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุบุฒูˆ.
The paper you're holding in your hand contains the details of Iraqi civilians that died as result of the invasion.
ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูƒูŠ ุชูƒุชุจูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุถูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ.
I'd like you to use this paper and write a member of government.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุชู‡ุฑูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุซุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุดูŠู ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠ.
You can help to smuggle this civilian body count into government archives.
ูƒู„ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุชู… ุฅุฑุณู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„-- ูƒู„ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉู‹ ุฃุฑุณู„ุช ู‡ูŠ ู…ุคุฑุดูุฉ ูˆ ู…ุญููˆุธุฉ ูˆ ู…ุณุฌู„ุฉ.
Because every letter that's sent in to the government, and this is all across the world, of course -- every letter that is sent in is archived, filed and recorded.