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4. Ruiz Massieu 先生(行政和预算问题咨询委员会主席)在介绍咨询委员会的有关报告(A/72/642 时说，咨询委员会建议批款 91 811 200 美元，用作 2017 年10 月 16 日至 2018 年 6 月 30 日期间的经费，这比拟议预算减少 1 370 900 美元。咨询委员会表示注意到关于用流动小组在太子港以外九个地区开展授权活动的提议。应在联海司法支助团第一次执行情况报告中评估其有效性。 | 4. Mr. Ruiz Massieu (Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions), introducing the related report of the Advisory Committee (A/72/642), said that the Advisory Committee recommended an appropriation of $91,811,200 for the period from 16 October 2017 to 30 June 2018, a reduction of $1,370,900 to the proposed budget. The Advisory Committee had taken note of the proposal to use mobile teams to undertake mandated activities in nine regions outside Port-au-Prince. An assessment of their effectiveness should be provided in the first performance report for MINUJUSTH. |
5. 鉴于较小特派团的薪金发放工作量较小，咨询委员会建议不调整薪金发放所需的人员配置。它还建议减少能力建设科的人员配置。此外，鉴于实际征聘模式，咨询委员会建议对 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 6 月 30 日期间某些职类的空缺率进行调整。关于所需业务经费，咨询委员会建议减少培训咨询人所需经费和拟议的特派团外差旅费用。 | 5. The Advisory Committee recommended against an adjustment to the staffing requirements for payroll servicing, given the reduced workload arising from the payroll of a smaller mission. It also recommended a reduction to the staffing requirements for the Capacity-Building Section. In addition, the Advisory Committee recommended an adjustment to the vacancy rates for certain staff categories for the period from 1 January to 30 June 2018 in view of actual recruitment patterns. Regarding operational requirements, the Advisory Committee recommended reductions to the requirements for training consultants and to the proposed expenditure for outside-mission travel. |
6. 秘书长提议将联海稳定团的特别帐户供联海司法支助团使用。咨询委员会获悉，联海司法支助团在资源和支出的管理方面将被视为联海稳定团的过渡。咨询委员会相信，通过“团结”企业资源规划系统提交的正式财务报告将能够对这两个特派团的支出和资源使用情况进行单独和独特的报告，包括在重叠期间使用特别帐户的情况。 | 6. The Secretary-General had proposed that the special account for MINUSTAH should be used for MINUJUSTH. The Advisory Committee had been informed that the resources and expenditures of MINUJUSTH would be managed as though it were a transition of MINUSTAH. The Advisory Committee trusted that formal financial reports through the Umoja enterprise resource planning system would enable separate and distinct reporting on expenditures and resource usage for both missions, including for the use of the special account during the overlapping period. |
7. Funes Henríquez 先生(萨尔瓦多)代表拉丁美洲和加勒比国家共同体(拉加共同体)发言说，拉加共同体重申对海地的声援并认识到国际努力支持该国的国家优先事项的重要性。他注意到安全理事会决定设立联海司法支助团，作为联海稳定团的后继特派团，最初期限为 6 个月，同时强调联海司法支助团将得到拉加共同体历来向联海稳定团提供的同样支持。 | 7. Mr. Funes Henríquez (El Salvador), speaking on behalf of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), said that the Community reaffirmed its solidarity with Haiti and recognized the importance of international efforts to support the country’s national priorities. Noting the Security Council’s decision to establish MINUJUSTH as a follow-on mission to MINUSTAH for an initial period of six months, he stressed that MINUJUSTH would receive the same support from CELAC that MINUSTAH had historically received. |
8. 联海司法支助团要执行其任务，就必须获得适当的资源。由于大会预期秘书长将在第七十二届会议主要会期中提出联海司法支助团 2017 年 10 月 16 日至2018 年 6 月 30 日期间的预算，大会第 71/302 号决议没有核准联海司法支助团 2017/18 年度的资源。主计长已征得咨询委员会同意，按联海司法支助团开办活动初步所需资源，承付 29 280 700 美元。咨询委员会授权秘书长最多承付 2 500 万美元，目前的拟议预算已考虑到这笔经费。 | 8. In order for MINUJUSTH to carry out its mandate, it must be properly resourced. The General Assembly, in its resolution 71/302, had not approved resources for MINUJUSTH for the 2017/18 period, in the expectation that the Secretary-General would submit a budget for Mission for the period from 16 October 2017 to 30 June 2018 at the main part of its seventy-second session. The Controller had sought the concurrence of the Advisory Committee to enter into commitments in the amount of $29,280,700 to meet the preliminary resource requirements for start-up activities of MINUJUSTH. The Advisory Committee had authorized the Secretary-General to enter into commitments for up to $25 million, and the current budget proposal took that amount into consideration. |
9. 为加强建设和平议程，应为方案活动提供足够的资源。拉加共同体致力于通过联海司法支助团促进海地的可持续和平与发展。联海司法支助团的任务是通过监测、报告和分析协助政府加强法治、支持海地国家警察和促进人权。除了联合国的支持外，海地还通过双边渠道和区域组织获得技术、人道主义和医疗援助。必须确保联海司法支助团获得所需的资源，以保护联海稳定团取得的成果，特别是在安全领域取得的成果。 | 9. An adequate level of resources should be provided for programmatic activities in order to strengthen the peacebuilding agenda. CELAC was committed to promoting sustainable peace and development in Haiti through MINUJUSTH, which was mandated to assist the Government in strengthening the rule of law, supporting the Haitian national police and advancing human rights through monitoring, reporting and analysis. In addition to support from the United Nations, Haiti received technical, humanitarian and medical assistance through bilateral channels and from regional organizations. The gains achieved by MINUSTAH, particularly in the area of security, must be protected by ensuring that MINUJUSTH had the resources it required. |
10. 鉴于海地仍然容易受到人道主义灾难、卫生危机和其他社会问题的影响，联合国必须继续驻扎在该国和提供支持。联海司法支助团的预算应根据技术标准，包括实地局势和安全理事会批准的任务设定，而不是根据人为的预算最高限额设定。 | 10. Given that Haiti remained vulnerable to humanitarian disasters, health crises and other social problems, it was important for the United Nations to maintain its presence in the country and continue its support. The Mission’s budget should be based on technical criteria, including the situation on the ground and the mandate approved by the Security Council, rather than on artificial budget ceilings. |
11. Mills 女士(牙买加)代表加勒比共同体(加共体)发言说，加共体完全致力于帮助海地实现可持续和平、稳定与发展。联合国通过国家工作队和联海稳定团提供了极其重要的支持，这有助于减少社区暴力、改善人权机制的落实、加强法治、增加诉诸司法的机会和恢复民主秩序。 联海司法支助团必须获得足够的资源，才能够执行其任务和巩固联海稳定团取得的成果。 | 11. Ms. Mills (Jamaica), speaking on behalf of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), said that CARICOM was fully committed to helping Haiti to achieve sustainable peace, stability and development. The United Nations provided critical support through the country team and MINUSTAH, which had helped to reduce community violence, improve the implementation of human rights mechanisms, strengthen the rule of law, expand access to justice and restore democratic order. MINUJUSTH must be adequately resourced so that it could fulfil its mandate and consolidate the gains achieved by MINUSTAH. |
12. 联海司法支助团 2017 年 10 月 16 日至 2018 年 6月 30 日财政期间所需资源，通过按构成部分编制的成果预算制框架与特派团的目标联系在一起：安全与稳定；政治和法治；人权和支持。加共体欢迎把工作重点放在加强国家能力和国家对选举进程的自主权、向性剥削和性虐待的受害者提供支持和建设海地国家警察的能力等方面。加共体还欢迎关于执行 30 个速效项目的提议，以满足司法和安全机构(如当地警察和法院设施)小型基础设施和设备的需求。在执行这些项目时，必须尊重国际规范和标准以及确保这些设施和设备的长期使用和维护。 | 12. The resource requirements for MINUJUSTH for the financial period from 16 October 2017 to 30 June 2018 had been linked to the Mission’s objective through results-based-budgeting frameworks, organized according to components: security and stability; political and rule of law; human rights; and support. CARICOM welcomed the emphasis placed on strengthening national capacities and national ownership of electoral processes, providing support to victims of sexual exploitation and abuse, and building the capacity of the Haitian national police. CARICOM also welcomed the proposal to implement 30 quick-impact projects to meet minor infrastructure and equipment needs of the justice and security institutions, such as local police and court facilities. It would be important to respect international codes and standards in the implementation of those projects and ensure the long-term use and maintenance of the facilities and equipment. |
13. 在截至 2017 年 12 月 31 日为止的 6 个月期间联海稳定团的款项承付权中没有列入减少社区暴力方案的任何经费，而该方案在促进和平与支持海地国家警察的工作方面发挥了重大作用。秘书长应采取步骤，确保 2018 年该方案得到有效的实施。联海司法支助团的预算应根据实地局势和安全理事会批准的任务设定，而不是根据人为的预算最高限额设定。 | 13. The commitment authority for MINUSTAH for the six-month period until 31 December 2017 had not included any provisions for the community violence reduction programme, which played a vital role in promoting peace and supporting the work of the Haitian national police. The Secretary-General should take steps to ensure the effective completion of the programme in 2018. The budget of MINUJUSTH should be based on the situation on the ground and the mandate approved by the Security Council, not artificial budgetary ceilings. |
14. Sandoval Mendiolea 先生(墨西哥)说，设立联海司法支助团再次表明，联合国和国际社会将继续致力于加强海地的法治和国家机构、促进可持续和平与发展。 联海司法支助团将促进对人权的保护、加强公共机构和提高海地国家警察的业务能力，从而改善公共安全。有了联海司法支助团，联合国就有机会表明其建立可持续和平的能力，以期实现可持续发展目标，特别是关于创建和平社会和让所有人都能诉诸司法的目标 16。 | 14. Mr. Sandoval Mendiolea (Mexico) said that the establishment of MINUJUSTH reaffirmed the continued commitment of the United Nations and the international community to strengthening the rule of law and national institutions and fostering sustainable peace and development in Haiti. MINUJUSTH would advance the protection of human rights and strengthen public institutions and the operational capacities of the Haitian national police, thereby improving public safety. With MINUJUSTH, the United Nations had an opportunity to demonstrate its capacity to build sustainable peace, with a view to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 16 on building peaceful societies and providing access to justice for all. |
15. 联合国国家工作队、联海司法支助团和海地政府应该以高效和透明的方式共同努力。墨西哥武装部队支持联海稳定团的工作已有两年，墨西哥将继续通过提供警务人员协助联海司法支助团工作。墨西哥还将继续参加海地问题特设咨询小组和区域、次区域和双边合作的举措。 | 15. The United Nations country team, MINUJUSTH and the Government of Haiti should work together in an efficient and transparent manner. The Mexican armed forces had supported the work of MINUSTAH for two years and Mexico would continue to assist MINUJUSTH through the provision of police personnel. Mexico would also continue to participate in the Ad Hoc Advisory Group on Haiti and regional, subregional and bilateral cooperation initiatives. |
16. Domínguez 女士(智利)说，联合国和会员国的支持对海地至关重要。智利代表团赞同秘书长的意见，即需要确保在过去 13 年的成就和国际社会的承诺的基础上，负责任地向联海司法支助团过渡。安全与发展之间的联系作为实现可持续和平的途径仍然不可或缺。方案活动必须继续进行，以支持联海司法支助团执行旨在加强法治和巩固和平的任务。为了通过向联海司法支助团的有效过渡保护联海稳定团的成果，咨询委员会必须考虑到实地局势和避免安全漏洞的需要，确保提供可预测、灵活和有效的资源。 | 16. Ms. Domínguez (Chile) said that the support of the United Nations and Member States was critical for Haiti. Her delegation agreed with the Secretary-General on the need to ensure a responsible transition to MINUJUSTH, anchored in the achievements of the previous 13 years and the commitment of the international community. The link between security and development as a means of achieving sustainable peace remained fundamental. The programmatic activities must continue in order to support the mandate of MINUJUSTH, which was intended to strengthen the rule of law and consolidate peace. In order to preserve the gains of MINUSTAH through an effective transition to MINUJUSTH, the Committee must ensure the predictable, flexible and efficient provision of resources, taking into account the situation on the ground and the need to avoid security gaps. |
17. Babio 女士(阿根廷)说，阿根廷代表团承认在联海稳定团过渡到联海司法支助团的过程中取得的进展，特别是联海司法支助团在执行加强法治机构、支持海地国家警察和促进和保护人权的任务期间取得的进展。虽然安全理事会第 2350(2017)号决议规定了联海司法支助团两年的预计期限，但是联海司法支助团的期限最终将取决于实地的情况。过早从海地撤出可能会破坏过去 13 年的成果。 | 17. Ms. Babio (Argentina) said that her delegation acknowledged the advances made in the transition from MINUSTAH to MINUJUSTH, particularly regarding the implementation of the mandate of MINUJUSTH to strengthen rule of law institutions, support the Haitian national police and promote and protect human rights. While Security Council resolution 2350 (2017) set out a projected two-year timeframe for MINUJUSTH, the duration of the Mission would ultimately depend on the situation on the ground. Withdrawing prematurely from the country could jeopardize the gains of the previous 13 years. |
18. 速效项目应作为联海司法支助团的一部分予以实施。这些项目在 2016/17 财政年度使数百万人受益，为法治、治理、基础设施和饮用水等相关活动提供了资金。速效项目和减少社区暴力方案在巩固和平以及促进海地人民与联合国之间的信任方面发挥了重要作用。 | 18. Quick-impact projects should be implemented as part of MINUJUSTH. Such projects had benefited millions of people during the fiscal year 2016/17, financing activities related to the rule of law, governance, infrastructure and drinking water. Quick-impact projects and community violence reduction programmes played an important role in consolidating peace and fostering trust between the people of Haiti and the United Nations. |
19. Fermín 先生(多米尼加共和国)说，设立联海司法支助团是为了巩固海地在加强机构、民主和法治、发展警察和促进人权方面取得的进展，以确保政府有能力承担全部责职。联海稳定团促进了该国的政治稳定和减少了不安全因素，这将有助于协调应对未来挑战的种种努力。正如若弗内尔·莫伊兹总统在“变革大篷车”平台下开展的改革所证明的那样，海地已表明将致力于进一步促进政治稳定。 | 19. Mr. Fermín (Dominican Republic) said that MINUJUSTH had been established to consolidate the advances achieved in Haiti in terms of strengthening institutions, democracy and the rule of law, developing the police and promoting human rights, in order to ensure that the Government was in a position to assume its full responsibilities. MINUSTAH had improved political stability and reduced insecurity in the country, which would facilitate coordinated efforts to address the challenges that lay ahead. Haiti had demonstrated its commitment to further improving political stability, as evidenced by the reforms spearheaded by President Jovenel Moïse under the “Caravan of change” platform. |
20. 多米尼加共和国将继续支持海地的各项努力，以促进双边对话与合作。多米尼加共和国有关部门将继续与海地的对口部门联系，在通过采用新技术促进经济增长和旅游业以及通过国家能力建设加强备灾能力方面，与海地共享多米尼加共和国已实施的方案细节。多米尼加共和国代表团支持秘书长关于资源的提议。向速效项目和减少社区暴力方案提供资金特别重要。多米尼加共和国支持海地当局建设一个和平、公正、稳定和繁荣的海地的愿景。 | 20. The Dominican Republic would continue to support Haiti in its efforts, with a view to promoting bilateral dialogue and cooperation. The authorities of the Dominican Republic would continue to meet with their Haitian counterparts to share details of the programmes implemented in the Dominican Republic to stimulate economic growth and tourism through the adoption of new technologies, and to improve disaster preparedness through national capacity-building. His delegation supported the Secretary General’s resource proposals. It was particularly important to provide funding for quick-impact projects and the community violence reduction programme. The Dominican Republic supported the vision of the Haitian authorities for a peaceful, just, stable and prosperous Haiti. |
议程项目 136：2018-2019 两年期拟议方案预算(续) | Agenda item 136: Proposed programme budget for the biennium 2018–2019 (continued) |
决议草案 A/C.3/72/L.48：缅甸人权状况所涉方案预算问题(A/72/7/Add.33；A/C.5/72/13) | Programme budget implications of draft resolution A/C.3/72/L.48: Situation of human rights in Myanmar (A/72/7/Add.33; A/C.5/72/13) |
决议草案 A/72/L.19：调查导致达格·哈马舍尔德及其随行人员罹难的原因和情况所涉方案预算问题(A/72/7/Add.32；A/C.5/72/19) | Programme budget implications of draft resolution A/72/L.19: Investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him (A/72/7/Add.32; A/C.5/72/19) |
大会和(或)安全理事会授权的特别政治任务、斡旋和其他政治举措费用估计数(续) | Estimates in respect of special political missions, good offices and other political initiatives authorized by the General Assembly and/or the Security Council (continued) |
专题群组三：区域办事处、支持政治进程办事处和其他特派团(续) | Thematic cluster III: regional offices, offices in support of political processes and other missions (continued) |
联合国利比亚支助团(A/72/7/Add.18 和A/72/371/Add.8) | United Nations Support Mission in Libya (A/72/7/Add.18 and A/72/371/Add.8) |
有限预算酌处权(A/72/7/Add.30 和 A/72/497) | Limited budgetary discretion (A/72/7/Add.30 and A/72/497) |
21. Huisman 先生(方案规划和预算司司长)介绍秘书长根据大会议事规则第一五三条提出的关于决议草案A/C.3/72/L.48：缅甸人权状况所涉方案预算问题的说明(A/C.5/72/13)时说，大会在其决议草案 A/C.3/72/L.48中请秘书长继续开展斡旋并继续探讨缅甸相关问题，在这方面任命一名缅甸问题特使并向缅甸政府提供援助。根据这项要求，估计 2018 年在 2018-2019 两年期拟议方案预算第 3 款(政治事务)项下要追加所需经费150 万美元。 | 21. Mr. Huisman (Director, Programme Planning and Budget Division), introducing the statement submitted by the Secretary-General in accordance with rule 153 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly of the programme budget implications of draft resolution A/C.3/72/L.48: Situation of human rights in Myanmar (A/C.5/72/13), said that the General Assembly, in its draft resolution A/C.3/72/L.48, had requested the Secretary-General to continue to provide his good offices and to pursue his discussions relating to Myanmar, and in that regard to appoint a special envoy on Myanmar and to offer assistance to the Government of Myanmar. Pursuant to that request, it was estimated that additional requirements in the amount of $1.5 million would arise for 2018 under section 3, Political affairs, of the proposed programme budget for 2018–2019. |
22. 他介绍秘书长根据大会议事规则第一五三条提出的关于决议草案 A/72/L.19 所涉方案预算问题的说明：调查导致达格·哈马舍尔德及其随行人员罹难的原因和情况(A/C.5/72/19)时说，大会在其决议草案A/72/L.19 中请秘书长继续审查可能存在的新信息，包括会员国可能提供的信息，评估其证明价值，确定任何进一步查证或调查应涵盖的范围，并在可能情况下，从已经进行的调查中得出结论。另外，它请秘书长口头通报已取得的任何进展。为了执行这些要求，在2018-2019 两年期拟议方案预算第 1 款(通盘决策、领导和协调)和第 2 款(大会和经济及社会理事会事务和会议管理)项下要追加所需经费357 300 美元并将其列为应急基金的费用。 | 22. Introducing the statement submitted by the Secretary-General inaccordance with rule 153 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly of the programme budget implications of draft resolution A/72/L.19: Investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him (A/C.5/72/19), he said that the General Assembly, in its draft resolution A/72/L.19, had requested the Secretary-General to continue to review the potential new information, including that which might be available from Member States, to assess its probative value, to determine the scope that any further inquiry or investigation should take, and, if possible, to draw conclusions from the investigations already conducted. In addition, it had requested the Secretary-General to provide an oral briefing on any progress made. To implement those requests, additional requirements in the amount of $357,300 would arise under section 1, Overall policymaking, direction and coordination, and section 2, General Assembly and Economic and Social Council affairs and conference management, of the proposed programme budget for the biennium 2018–2019, and would represent a charge against the contingency fund. |
23. 他介绍秘书长关于专题群组三：联合国利比亚支助团(联利支助团)费用估计数的报告(A/72/371/Add.8)时说，联利支助团 2018 年所需资源为 7 220 万美元，比 2017 年的核定资源增加 1 100 万美元。拟议预算表明，设施和基础设施项下经费增加的主要原因是的黎波里联利支助团大楼的订约租金增加以及计划在利比亚东部设立一个办事处，军事特遣队人员项下经费增加的原因是联合国警卫队曾预计在 2017 年年底全员部署。秘书长提议，从 2018-2019 两年期拟议方案预算第 3 款(政治事务)项下所列特别政治任务经费中支付 7 220 万美元。 | 23. Introducing the report of the Secretary-General on estimates under cluster III for the United Nations Support Mission in Libya(UNSMIL) (A/72/371/Add.8), he said that the resource requirements for UNSMIL for 2018 amounted to $72.2 million, an increase of $11 million compared to the approved resources for 2017. The proposed budget reflected increases under facilities and infrastructure, attributable mainly to the higher contractual rent of the UNSMIL compound in Tripoli and the planned establishment of an office in eastern Libya, and under military contingent personnel, as a result of the expected full deployment of the United Nations Guard Unit by the end of 2017. The Secretary-General proposed that the amount of $72.2 million should be charged against the provision for special political missions included under section 3, Political affairs, of the proposed programme budget for 2018–2019. |
24. 他介绍秘书长关于有限预算酌处权的报告(A/72/497)时说，秘书长关于在 2018-2019 两年期继续使用大会第 60/283 号决议提出的酌处权机制的建议将取决于大会关于管理改革建议所作的决定，而秘书长已就此提出了有关预算酌处权机制的进一步建议。如果大会批准，这些新提案将在 2018-2019 两年期生效。 | 24. Introducing the report of the Secretary-General on limited budgetary discretion (A/72/497), he said that the proposal regarding the continuation of the discretionary mechanism, as set out in General Assembly resolution 60/283, for the biennium 2018–2019 would be subject to the Assembly’s decision on the management reform proposals, as the Secretary-General had made further recommendations regarding budgetary discretion mechanisms in that context. If approved by the Assembly, those further proposals would become effective for the biennium 2018–2019. |
25. Ruiz Massieu 先生(行政和预算问题咨询委员会主席)介绍咨询委员会关于决议草案 A/C.3/72/L.48：缅甸人权情况所涉方案预算问题的报告(A/72/7/Add.33)时说，2018 年缅甸问题特使办公室所需资源估计数为1 541 100 美元。咨询委员会建议批款 853 800 美元，减少 687 300 美元。2018 年外地工作人员和外地业务费用所需资源应使用曼谷而不是纽约的标准费率重新计算并应遵守关于空缺率的标准预算政策。咨询委员会认为，秘书长的报告应详细说明编制费用估计数所用的主要预算假设并将这些资料列入 2019 年预算报告。咨询委员会建议减少外地和纽约的人员配置以及咨询人的资源。 | 25. Mr. Ruiz Massieu (Chair of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions), introducing the Advisory Committee’s report on the programme budget implications of draft resolution A/C.3/72/L.48: Situation of human rights in Myanmar (A/72/7/Add.33), said that the estimated resource requirements for the Office of the Special Envoy on Myanmar for 2018 amounted to $1,541,100. The Advisory Committee recommended an appropriation of $853,800, a reduction of $687,300. The resource requirements for field-based staff and field-based operational costs in 2018 should be recalculated using standard rates for Bangkok rather than those for New York, and standard budgetary policy on vacancy rates should be followed. The Advisory Committee was of the view that the report of the Secretary-General should have provided detailed information on major budgetary assumptions used in the preparation of cost estimates and trusted that such information would be included in the budget submission for 2019. The Advisory Committee recommended reductions in staffing both in the field and in New York, as well as a reduction in the resources for consultants. |
26. 他介绍咨询委员会关于决议草案 A/72/L.19 所涉方案预算问题：调查导致达格·哈马舍尔德及其随行人员罹难的原因和情况的报告(A/72/7/Add.32)时说，根据 2016-2017 两年期的支出模式并考虑到 2018-2019 两年期将开展的活动，咨询委员会建议将拟议所需经费减少 10%(35 730 美元)。 | 26. Introducing the Advisory Committee’s report on the programme budget implications of draft resolution A/72/L.19: Investigation into the conditions and circumstances resulting in the tragic death of Dag Hammarskjöld and of the members of the party accompanying him (A/72/7/Add.32), he said that based on the pattern of expenditure for 2016–2017, and taking into account the activities to be implemented in 2018–2019, the Advisory Committee recommended that the proposed requirements should be reduced by 10 per cent ($35,730). |
27. 他介绍咨询委员会关于专题群组三项下联合国利比亚支助团费用估计数的报告(A/72/7/Add.18)时说，咨询委员会建议核准联利支助团的人员配置提议，但政治事务部的高级政治事务干事(P-5)的职位除外。作为一项通盘政策，应该审查空缺两年或更长时间的员额是否继续需要，而保留这些员额须说明理由；因此，咨询委员会建议裁撤 3 个职位。鉴于联利支助团已开始在利比亚轮流驻扎并最终迁入利比亚的进程，秘书长应进一步努力使特派团的职位本国化，在特派团中加强补充本国工作人员的工作。 | 27. Introducing the Advisory Committee’s report on estimates under cluster III for the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (A/72/7/Add.18), he said that the Advisory Committee recommended that the staffing proposals for UNSMIL should be approved, with the exception of the position of Senior Political Affairs Officer (P-5) in the Department of Political Affairs. As a matter of overall policy, the continuing requirement for posts that had been vacant for two years or longer should be reviewed and their retention justified; accordingly, the Advisory Committee recommended the abolishment of three positions. The Secretary-General should undertake further efforts to strengthen the Mission’s national staffing complement by nationalizing positions once the Mission had begun the process of establishing its rotational presence in and final relocation to Libya. |
28. 关于业务费用，鉴于利比亚的安全局势和拟将119 个职位的工作地点从的黎波里改到突尼斯，追加咨询人资源的提议似乎没有道理。因此，咨询委员会建议把咨询人的资源保持在 2017 年核定预算的水平上。咨询委员会关注的是，维修服务费用可能不完全合理，建议在现有租赁合同到期之前，根据联利支助团的需要对合同条款进行审查。咨询委员会还指出，鉴于联利支助团逐步分批轮调回利比亚，特派团需要不断审查陆运需求。关于信息技术，咨询委员会建议减少经费 25 700 美元。咨询委员会已在关于特别政治任务的主要报告(A/72/7/Add.10)中就公务差旅提出了意见和建议。 | 28. With regard to operational costs, the proposal for additional resources for consultants did not appear justified, given the security situation in Libya and the proposed change of duty station from Tripoli to Tunis of 119 positions. The Advisory Committee therefore recommended maintaining the resources for consultants at the level of the approved budget for 2017. The Advisory Committee was concerned that the costs of maintenance services might not be fully justified and recommended that, prior to the expiration of the existing rental contract, a review of the contractual provisions, based on the needs of UNSMIL, should be conducted. The Advisory Committee also noted the need for the Mission to keep the ground transportation requirements under review, given the gradual phased rotational return of the Mission to Libya. With regard to information technology, the Advisory Committee recommended a reduction in the amount of $25,700. The Advisory Committee had made comments and recommendations on official travel in its main report on special political missions (A/72/7/Add.10). |
29. 他介绍咨询委员会关于有限预算酌处权的报告(A/72/7/Add.30)时说，酌处权机制曾在 4 个两年期(2006-2007、2008-2009、2010-2011 和 2016-2017 两年期)中使用过 9 次，在 2012-2013 和 2014-2015 两年期中没有使用。在过去 3 个两年期中该机制只动用了455 300 美元，而授予秘书长的唯一酌处权为每两年期 600 万美元。自从这项试验性机制第一次获得批准以来，该机制从未达到秘书长经咨询委员会同意在特定两年期内使用 2 000 万美元的上限。 | 29. Introducing the Advisory Committee’s report on limited budgetary discretion (A/72/7/Add.30), he said that the discretionary mechanism had been utilized on nine occasions during four bienniums (2006–2007, 2008–2009, 2010–2011 and 2016–2017), and had not been used during the bienniums 2012–2013 and 2014–2015. Only $455,300 had been utilized under the mechanism over the past three bienniums, while the sole discretionary authority granted to the Secretary-General amounted to $6 million per biennium. The ceiling for the mechanism of $20 million within a given biennium, to be used by the Secretary-General with the concurrence of the Advisory Committee, had never been reached since the experimental mechanism had first been approved. |
30. 大会第 70/248 号决议要求全面说明在 2016-2017两年期以后保留酌处机制的理由。令人遗憾的是秘书长的报告(A/72/497)中没有提供这方面的理由。根据这份报告，秘书长关于在 2018-2019 两年期继续使用酌处机制的建议将取决于大会关于秘书长管理改革建议的决定。咨询委员会的有关建议载于其关于秘书长拟议管理改革的报告(A/72/7/Add.24)第 67和 68 段。 | 30. The General Assembly, in its resolution 70/248, had requested a comprehensive justification for the retention of the discretionary mechanism beyond 2016–2017. It was regrettable that no such justification had been provided in the Secretary-General’s report (A/72/497). According to the report, the Secretary-General’s proposal regarding the continuation of the discretionary mechanism for the biennium 2018–2019 would be subject to the Assembly’s decision on his management reform proposals. The related recommendations of the Advisory Committee were contained in paragraphs 67 and 68 of its report on the proposed management reforms of the Secretary-General (A/72/7/Add.24). |
31. Khyne女士(缅甸)说，大会在决议草案A/C.3/72/L.48第 10 段中提出任命一名缅甸问题特使，根据该决议，估计 2018 年要追加经费 150 万美元。由于第三委员会关于具体国家的所有决议都造成任务的重叠并产生额外的所涉预算经费问题，缅甸一贯反对这些决议。鉴于该决议草案具有选择性、歧视性和政治动机，企图对缅甸施加无端的政治压力，缅甸代表团对该决议草案投了反对票。 | 31. Ms. Khyne (Myanmar) said that pursuant to paragraph 10 of draft resolution A/C.3/72/L.48, in which the General Assembly called for the appointment of a special envoy on Myanmar, it was estimated that additional requirements in the amount of $1.5 million would arise for 2018. Myanmar consistently opposed all country-specific resolutions of the Third Committee, as they created overlapping mandates and resulted in additional budget implications. Her delegation had voted against the draft resolution because it was selective, discriminatory and politically motivated, and was intended to exert unwarranted political pressure on Myanmar. |
32. 她回顾说，缅甸已有一位缅甸人权状况特别报告员，他的任务期限是根据人权委员会第 1992/58 号决议设立的并且每年延期。人权理事会第 31/24 号决议扩大了特别报告员的任务范围，增列了确定进展的基准和技术援助及能力建设的优先领域。此外，根据人权理事会第 34/22 号决议，2017 年 5 月成立了一个缅甸问题独立国际实况调查团。 | 32. She recalled that there was already a Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, whose mandate had been established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1992/58 and extended annually. Human Rights Council resolution 31/24 had broadened the mandate of the Special Rapporteur to include identifying benchmarks for progress and priority areas for technical assistance and capacity-building. In addition, an Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar had been established in May 2017, pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 34/22. |
33. 缅甸代表团一贯本着相互尊重的精神与联合国进行充分和建设性的合作。未经有关国家同意或不与其合作而设立的政治任务不会取得积极的成果。联合国应把有限的资源集中用于减少贫困和促进全世界发展中国家的发展，以实现可持续发展目标和不让任何国家掉队。 | 33. Her delegation had always cooperated fully and constructively with the United Nations in a spirit of mutual respect. A political mission established without the consent or cooperation of the country concerned would not yield positive results. The United Nations should focus its limited resources on alleviating poverty and promoting development in developing countries around the world, with a view to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and leaving no one behind. |
34. Nfati 先生(利比亚)说，利比亚代表团欢迎联利支助团为执行在摩洛哥斯希拉特签署的利比亚政治协定所做的工作并打算减少各政党之间的分歧。利比亚代表团希望联利支助团获得能够执行其任务的足够财政资源。为确保联利支助团执行其任务和民族团结政府能够成功地管理过渡进程，利比亚代表团支持联利支助团实现职位的本国化并希望利比亚的安全局势得到改善，以便联利支助团的所有工作人员能够返回的黎波里。 | 34. Mr. Nfati (Libya) said that his delegation welcomed the work of UNSMIL in implementing the Libyan Political Agreement that had been signed in Skhirat, Morocco, and was intended to reduce divisions among political parties. His delegation hoped that UNSMIL would be allocated sufficient financial resources to enable it to carry out its mandate. His delegation supported the nationalization of positions in the Mission and hoped that the security situation in Libya would improve so that all UNSMIL staff could return to Tripoli, with a view to ensuring that UNSMIL achieved its mandate and that the Government of National Accord could successfully manage the transition. |
不扩散核武器条约缔约国 | to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation |
2015 年审议大会Distr.: GeneralMay 2015 | 1 May 2015 |
Original: English15-06892 X (C) 220515 260515 | 15-06892 (E) 140515 |
*1506892* | *1506892* |
2015 年 4 月 27 日至 5 月 22 日，纽约 | New York, 27 April-22 May 2015 |
不扩散核武器条约缔约国 2010 年审议大会《行动计划》的行动 5、20 和 21* | Actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons* Report submitted by the United States of America |
动 5、20 和 21*美利坚合众国提交的报告正如不扩散核武器条约(不扩散条约)缔约国 2010 年审议大会《行动计划》所规定的，《不扩散条约》的五个核武器国家即“5 常”政府正在努力执行行动 5，以“进一步提高透明度，增强相互信任”，就行动 5 以及其他承诺编制国家报告，并在一个符合行动 20 和 21 的共同框架下提交给 2014 年不扩散条约筹备委员会。行动 21 指出，“作为一项建立信任措施，鼓励所有核武器国家尽快商定标准报告表和确定适当的报告间隔时间，以便在不损害国家安全的情况下自愿提供标准信息。”我们对我国的国家报告采用的框架包含共同的主题类别，在这些类别中报告相关信息，而且该框架涉及《不扩散条约》的全部三个支柱：裁军、不扩散和和平利用核能。我们鼓励所有缔约国都根据行动 20 提交类似的报告。 | As provided in the 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference Action Plan, the Governments of the five NPT nuclear-weapon states, or “P5,” are working to implement Action 5 to “(f)urther enhance transparency and increase mutual confidence” and to make national reports on our Action 5 and other undertakings to the 2014 NPT Preparatory Committee under a common framework, consistent with Actions 20 and 21. Action 21 states “As a confidence -building measure, all the nuclear-weapon States are encouraged to agree as soon as possible on a standard reporting form and to determine appropriate reporting intervals for the purpose of voluntarily providing standard information without prejudice to national security.” The framework we use for our national reports includes common categories of topics under which relevant information is reported, and it addresses all three pillars of the NPT: disarmament, non-proliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. We encourage all States Parties, consistent with Action 20, to make similar reports. |
我们已经向 2014 年不扩散条约筹备委员会提交了初次报告，现向不扩散条约2015 年审议大会提供最新情况，包括过去一年的行动情况。 | Having provided our initial report to the 2014 NPT Preparatory Committee, here we provide an update including actions in the past year for the 2015 NPT Review Conference. |
第一部分：报告与裁军有关的国家措施 | Section I: Reporting on National Measures Relating to Disarmament |
一. 与核武器有关的核保安政策、理论和活动 | i. Nuclear Security Policies, Doctrine and Activities Associated with Nuclear Weapons |
核政策 | Nuclear Policy |
美国的政策是按照我们对《不扩散条约》的承诺，建立一个和平与安全的无核武器世界。我们致力于采用透明、逐步的方式实现核裁军，立足 | • U.S. policy is to achieve the peace and security of a world without nucle ar weapons, in line with our NPT commitments. We are committed to pursuing a * The present document is issued without formal editing. |
的无核武器世界。我们致力于采用透明、逐步的方式实现核裁军，立足于经谈判达成的协议，并开展合作活动，使我们能继续脱离冷战时期的核态势。 | transparent step-by-step approach to nuclear disarmament, buildingon negotiated agreements and cooperative activities, so that we can continue to move beyond Cold War nuclear postures. |
美国在 2010 年完成了一份《核态势评估报告》，其中制定了我们关于裁减核武器数目和降低核武器在我们防御态势中的作用的战略。新战略阐明了下述问题。 | • The United States completed a Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) in 2010 that lays out our strategy for reducing the number and role of nuclear weapons in our defines posture. The new strategy makes clear the following. |
美国核武器的基本作用依然是阻止对美国及其盟友和伙伴进行核攻击。 | The fundamental role of U.S. nuclear weapons remains to deter nuclear attack on the United States and its allies and partners. |
美国只有在极端情形下才会考虑使用核武器捍卫美国或其盟友和伙伴的切身利益。 | The United States would only consider the use of nuclear weapons in extreme circumstances to defend the vital interests of the United States or its allies and partners. |
使近 70 年不使用核武器的记录永远延续下去是符合全球利益之举。 | It is a global interest that the nearly 70-year record of non-use of nuclear weapons be extended forever. |
美国的政策是按照我们当前和未来的安全需求，以尽可能最少量的核武器维持可靠的威慑力量。 | U.S. policy is to maintain a credible deterrent with the lowest possible number of nuclear weapons, consistent with our current and future security requirements. |
核计划必须符合《武装冲突法》的基本原则，并且实施区分和相称的原则，而且不故意以平民或民用物体为目标。 | Nuclear plans must be consistent with the fundamental principles of the Law of Armed Conflict, and will apply the principles of distinction and proportionality and will not intentionally target civilian populations or civilian objects. |
我们正在努力创造条件，使美国可以安全地采纳一种政策，将核攻击威慑作为美国核武器的唯一目的，并继续加强常规能力和导弹防御，将之作为我们降低核武器作用的广泛努力的组成部分。 | We are working to establish conditions in which the United States can safely adopt a policy of making deterrence of nuclear attack the sole purpose of U.S. nuclear weapons and continuing to strengthen conventional capabilities and missile defences as part of our broader efforts to reduce the role of nuclear weapons. |
美国强调坚持和充分遵守《不扩散条约》的安全效益，宣布美国将不对作为《不扩散条约》缔约国且遵守其核不扩散义务的无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器，从而加强它长期的“消极安全保证”。 | • Underscoring the security benefits of adhering to and fully complying with the NPT, the United States strengthened its long-standing “negative security assurance” by declaring that the United States will not use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapons states that are party to the NPT and in compliance with their nuclear non-proliferation obligations. |
美国还表明愿意通过支持现有的五个无核武器区条约的相关议定书，在法律框架内提供消极的安全保证。 | • The United States has also made clear its readiness to provide negative security assurances within a legal framework through support for relevant Protocols to the existing five Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaties. |
核力量态势和待命态势的变化 | Changes to Nuclear Force Posture and Alert Posture |
《核态势评估报告》中概述的美国新的核战略的基础，是自冷战结束以来对我们的核力量态势所做的大幅削减，其目的是通过增强美国核武库的安全、安保和保证，进一步限制意外发射的可能性，同时还在发生危机时，使总统可动用尽可能多的决策时间。 | • The new U.S. nuclear strategy outlined in the NPR builds on the significant reductions in our nuclear force posture taken since the end of the Cold War and aims to further limit the potential for accidental launch by enhancing the safety, security, and surety of the U.S. arsenal, while also maximizing the decision time available to the President in the event of a crisis. |
影响美国核力量态势的行动和做法包括以下方面： | • Actions and practices affecting the posture of U.S. nuclear forces include the following: |
截至 2014 年 6 月 16 日，美国已完成所有已部署的洲际弹道导弹的重新配置，使每枚导弹只携带一枚核弹头(这一程序被称为“分导式单弹头化”，据此消除了除一个以外的所有分导重返大气层运载工具)。降低已部署的核弹头集结度的做法减少了促成他方发起先发制人核打击的可能诱因，从而增强了稳定； | As of June 16, 2014, the United States completed the reconfiguration of all deployed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) so that each missile only carries a single nuclear warhead (a process known as “de-MIRVing,” whereby all independently targetable re-entry vehicles but one are removed). Reducing the concentration of deployed warheads increases stability by lowering possible incentives for others to launch a nuclear first strike; |
继续实施将所有已部署的洲际弹道导弹和潜射弹道导弹 (潜射导弹) “瞄准公海”的做法，以便在出现可能性极小的意外发射情况时，导弹的有效载荷将落入公海； | Continuing the practice of “open-ocean targeting” of all deployed ICBMs and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), such that in the extremely unlikely event of an accidental launch, the missile’s payload would land in the open ocean; |
继续实施解除所有核能力轰炸机和两用飞机保持全日待命状态的 | Continuing the practice of keeping all nuclear-capable bombers and dual-capable aircraft (DCA) off of day-to-day alert; |
强调总统在出现危机时能有尽可能多的决策时间这一目标，包括通过对美国的指挥和控制系统进行新的投资来达到这一目标；以及 | Emphasizing the goal of maximized decision time for the President in the event of a crisis, including by making new investments in U.S. command and control systems; and, |
指示国防部审查据以降低受到攻击立即发射的做法在美国核计划中的作用的备选办法，同时认识到出其不意地发动一场摧毁军力的核袭击的可能性微之甚微。 | Directing the Defense Department to examine options to reduce the role of Launch Under Attack in U.S. nuclear planning, recognizing that the potential for a surprise, disarming nuclear attack is exceedingly remote. |
核武器保证 | Nuclear Weapons Surety |
美国承认，由于其破坏潜力，核武器系统需要得到极其特别的考虑。在这方面，美国采取了各种措施来确保核武器可靠、安全和受到积极控制——这一概念被我们称为“核保证”，这是国家的一个最重要优先事项。这涉及吸取过去的经验教训在科学和工程学方面做出巨大努力，目的是，如下文所阐明的，预防意外或由于疏忽而爆炸。 | • The United States recognizes that nuclear weapon systems require extraordinarily special consideration because of their destructive potential. In that regard, the United States takes a variety of measures to ensure that nuclear weapons remain safe, secure, and under positive control — a concept we term “nuclear surety,” which is an overriding national priority. This involves significant science and engineering efforts that draw on the lessons of the past and are aimed at preventing an accidental or inadvertent detonation, as illustrated below. |
美国的核武器具有使意外、错误或不可抗力导致的核爆炸可能性最小化的安全设计特征。实例包括将爆炸的必要部件与一切形式的重要电能，如闪电或电涌隔离，以及采用防火弹芯。 | U.S. nuclear weapons incorporate safety design features that minimize the possibility of nuclear detonation due to accidents, errors, or acts of nature. Examples include the isolation of components essential to detonation from all forms of significant electrical energy, such as lightning or power surges, and fire-resistant pits. |
美国设计的某些核武器的另一个安全特征是使用钝感高能炸药，而不是常规的高能炸药。钝感高能炸药对震动或高温的敏感程度低得多，并且对意外爆炸极具抵抗力。 | Another safety feature of certain U.S. nuclear weapons designs is the use of insensitive high explosive (IHE) as opposed to conventional high explosive. IHE is much less sensitive to shock or heat and highly resistant to accidental detonation. |
美国的核武器为纳入增强的核爆炸安全观采取了额外措施，以确保对安全性至关重要的部件能以可预见的安全方式应对反常环境。 | U.S. nuclear weapons apply additional measures to include the enhanced nuclear detonation safety concept to ensure that safety-critical components respond to abnormal environments in a predictably safe manner. |
o 反常环境包括在可信的意外或异常情况下可能发生的情形，包括飞机失事、雷击、船上失火，或者子弹、导弹或碎片撞击。 | ○ Abnormal environments include conditions that could occur in credible accidental or unusual situations, including an aircraft accident, lightning strike, shipboard fire, or a bullet, missile, or fragmentation strike. |
美国公布了不同环境条件下的安全设计要求(例如坠落试验和消防安全设计)。 | The United States has made public the safety design requirements under different environmental conditions (e.g., drop testing and fire safety design). |
美国的“使用控制”设计特征通过电子和机械特性排除或推迟未经授权的核爆炸。实例包括核武器启动连接装置、使弹头无法爆炸的命令失能，以及在发现篡改时使关键的弹头部件失能的积极保护系统。 | U.S. “use control” design features preclude or delay unauthorized nuclear detonation through electronic and mechanical features. Examples include permissive action links, command disablement to render warheads inoperable, and active protection systems that disable critical warhead components when tampering is detected. |
美国的核武器采用环境传感器，如加速计，加速计安装在武器的解除保险电路中，有保险和控制的双重作用。这能够在武器启动或发射并且感受到其特别的运载系统特定的环境参数之前防止电路因疏忽而运行。 | U.S. nuclear weapons employ environmental sensing devices, such as accelerometers, contained in the arming circuit of a weapon providing both safety and control. This prevents inadvertent functioning of the circuit until the weapon is launched or released and experiences environmental parameters specific to its particular delivery system. |
每年对库存进行评估，以确保保险和使用控制装置及部件符合要求，并且在有效地发挥作用。在核武器生命周期的所有阶段都要满足核保证要求。 | The stockpile is assessed annually to ensure that safety and use control devices and components meet requirements and are performing effectively. Surety requirements are addressed during all phases of the nuclear weapon life cycle. |
二. 核武器、核军备控制(包括核裁军)和核查 | ii. Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear Arms Control (including Nuclear Disarmament) and Verification |
裁减核武器 | Nuclear Weapons Reductions |
美国继续开展长达数十年之久的旨在逐步裁减并最终消除核武器的努力。自冷战高峰期以来，我们已将我们的核武器库存减少了 85%左右，自《不扩散条约》开始生效的 1970 年以来已减少了约 82%。 | • The United States continues a decades-long, step-by-step effort to reduce and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons. We have reduced our nuclear weapons stockpile by approximately 85 percent since its Cold War peak, or about an 82 percent reduction since 1970, when the NPT entered into force. |
在这条道路上迈出的一大步是美国与俄罗斯的《新裁武条约》，该《条约》到 2018 年 2 月得到全面实施时，将把美国和俄罗斯部署的战略核弹头的最高数目限制在 1 550 枚这一自1950年代后期以来的最低水平。 | • A major step along this path is the U.S.-Russia New START Treaty, which when fully implemented by February 2018 will cap U.S. and Russian deployed strategic warheads at 1,550, the lowest levels of these weapons since the late 1950s. |
2014 年 4 月 8 日，美国通报了美国核力量结构未来的组成情况，以便到 2018 年时符合该《条约》规定的限制。经更新的战略力量结构要求裁减美国“核三合一系统”的所有三大支柱。具体情况是，50 枚洲际弹道导弹将从其发射井中移走，14 艘战略性弹道导弹核潜艇要使各自的四个发射管失去发射潜射导弹的能力，30 架 B-52重型轰炸机将以可核查方式转变成只能发挥常规作用。采取这些行动后，部署的弹头数不超过 1 550 枚：o 400 枚已部署的洲际弹道导弹；o 240 枚已部署在 14 艘弹道导弹核潜艇上的潜射导弹；以及o 60 架已部署的核能力轰炸机。 | On April 8, 2014, the United States announced the future composition of the U.S. nuclear force structure in order to comply with the Treaty’s limits by 2018. The updated strategic force structure will require reductions in all three legs of the U.S. nuclear Triad. Specifically, 50 ICBMs will be removed from their silos, four launch tubes on each of the 14 strategic ballistic missile nuclear submarines (SSBN’s) will be rendered incapable of launching an SLBM, and 30 B-52 heavy bombers will be converted verifiably to a conventional only role. These actions will result in no more than 1,550 warheads deployed on: ○ 400 deployed ICBMs; ○ 240 deployed SLBMs on 14 SSBNs; and, ○ 60 deployed nuclear-capable bombers. |
截至 2015 年 3 月 1 日，根据《新裁武条约》，美国已部署的战略弹头数目为 1 597 枚，部署在 785 枚(架)已部署洲际弹道导弹、潜射导弹和重型轰炸机上。 | As of March 1, 2015, the number of U.S. deployed strategic warheads under the New START Treaty was 1,597 on 785 deployed ICBMs, SLBMs, and heavy bombers. |
如奥巴马总统 2013 年在柏林所述，美国愿意与俄罗斯谈判进一步裁减核武器，将《新裁武条约》规定的已部署的战略弹头数目最多裁减三分之一。 | • As President Obama stated in Berlin in 2013, the United States is prepared to negotiate further nuclear reductions with Russia of up to one-third in the deployed strategic warhead levels established in the New START Treaty. |
美国仍然愿意力求同俄罗斯谈判裁减各类核武器——战略性和非战略性核武器、已部署和未部署核武器。 | • The United States remains open to seeking negotiated reductions with Russia in all categories of nuclear weapons — strategic and non-strategic, deployed and non-deployed. |
这些行动继承了美国在核军备控制与裁军方面发挥主动作用的传统，其中包括以下许多其他的重大成就： | • These actions extend the legacy of U.S. leadership on nuclear arms control and disarmament, which includes many other signal achievements. |
《1987 年中程核力量条约》消除了美国和苏联所有最大射程为 500到 5 500 公里的地射导弹，并永远禁止双方拥有和生产这些导弹或对其进行飞行测试，禁止双方拥有或生产此种导弹的发射器。该《条约》无限期有效。 | The 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty eliminated all U.S. and Soviet Union ground-launched missiles with a maximum range between 500 and 5,500 km and permanently prohibited the parties from possessing, producing, or flight-testing those missiles, and from possessing or producing launchers of such missiles. The Treaty is of unlimited duration. |
o 到 1991 年时消除了美国所有的地射弹道导弹和美国所有的地射巡航导弹，包括 403 潘兴 IA 及 IB 型和潘兴二型地射弹道导弹以及 443 枚“战斧”地射巡航导弹——共计 846 枚导弹。 | ○ All U.S. ground-launched ballistic missiles (GLBMs) and U.S. ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCMs) were eliminated by 1991, to include 403 Pershing IA and IB and Pershing II GLBMS and 443 Tomahawk GLCMS — 846 total missiles. |
1991 年《裁减战略武器条约》(《裁武条约》)是历史上谈判达成的最全面、最复杂的军备控制协定，它将属于美国和俄罗斯部署的战略核弹头限制为 6 000 枚，部署在不超过 1 600 枚(架)已部署的洲际弹道导弹、潜射导弹和重型轰炸机上。 | The 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), the most sweeping and complex arms control agreement negotiated in history, limited U.S. and Russian attributed strategic nuclear warheads to 6,000 on no more than 1,600 deployed ICBMs, SLBMs, and heavy bombers. |
o 1990 年 9 月至 2009 年 7 月，美国按照《裁武条约》将已部署的战略发射器(洲际弹道导弹和潜射导弹及其相关的发射器以及其武库中已部署的重型轰炸机)的数目从 2 246 个减少到1 188 个，即减少了 47%，并将属于这些发射器的核弹头从 10563 枚减少到 5 916 枚，即减少了 44%。 | ○ Between September 1990 and July 2009, the United States under START reduced the number of deployed strategic launchers (ICBMs, SLBMs, their associated launchers, and deployed heavy bombers in its arsenal) from 2,246 to 1,188, a 47 percent reduction, and nuclear warheads attributed to these launchers from 10,563 to 5,916, a 44 percent reduction. |
《2002 年削减进攻性战略武器条约》(即《莫斯科条约》)将美国和俄罗斯到 2012 年时处于作战部署状态的战略核弹头的数目限制为不得超过 1 700 至 2 220 枚。 | The 2002 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (or Moscow Treaty) limited the United States and Russia to no more than 1,700 to 2,220 operationally deployed strategic nuclear warheads (ODSNW) by 2012. |
o 截至该《条约》为《新裁武条约》所取代的 2011 年 2 月时，美国处于作战部署状态的战略核弹头总数为 1 944 枚。 | ○ The U.S. aggregate number of ODSNW was 1,944 as of February 2011, when the Treaty was superseded by the New START Treaty. |
国家措施：除了根据条约进行裁减外，美国还显著地大幅度裁减了冷战时期的武库，包括通过 1991 年和 1992 年的“总统核倡议”进行裁减，从而消除了大约 3 000 件美国核武器，并导致将美国所有的战术核武器裁减 90%左右。这些国家措施包括以下方面： | National Measures: In addition to treaty-based reductions, the United States has made dramatic and deep cuts to its Cold War arsenal, including through the 1991 and 1992 “Presidential Nuclear Initiatives (PNIs),” which eliminated approximately 3,000 U.S. nuclear weapons and resulted in an approximately 90 percent reduction in all U.S. tactical nuclear weapons. These national measures included the following: |
o 消除所有 450 个民兵二型洲际弹道导弹井下发射装置和所有50 个“维和者”洲际弹道导弹井下发射装置，并消除 50个民兵三型井下发射装置； | ○ Elimination of all 450 Minuteman II ICBM silo launchers and all 50 Peacekeeper ICBM silo launchers, as well as 50 Minuteman III silo launchers; |
o 使四艘弹道导弹潜艇退出战略(核)服务，并减少在每艘剩余的已部署潜艇上的弹头数目； | ○ Removal of four SSBNs from strategic (nuclear) service and reducing the number of warheads on each of the remaining deployed submarines; |
o 使所有的 FB-111A 轰炸机退役，同时消除所有的 B -52G 型重型轰炸机，并将所有的 B -1B 型重型轰炸机转变成只具有常规能力； | ○ Retiring all FB-111A bombers, eliminating all B-52G heavy bombers, and converting all B-1B heavy bombers to conventional-only capability; |
o 将所有射程小于 300 英里的陆基战术核武器撤回美国； | ○ Withdrawal to the United States of all ground-launched tactical nuclear weapons with a range less than 300 miles; |
o 消除所有用于短程弹道导弹的美国核炮弹和核弹头； | ○ Elimination of all U.S. nuclear artillery shells and warheads for short-range ballistic missiles; |
o 将所有的战术核武器撤出海军作战船只； | ○ Removal of tactical nuclear weapons from all naval combatant vessels; |
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