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44. 全球艾滋病毒预防联盟（由人口基金和艾滋病署秘书处共同组建）正在加强政治承诺和预防行动，但严重缺少方案和资金仍使各国难以实现 2020 年里程碑。联合规划署继续支持实施“预防 2020 年路线图”，并推动联盟的 28 个重点国家加快采取行动。联合规划署还支持各国根据全面性教育国际技术指导采取行动。三年内，人口基金将（于布基纳法索、哥伦比亚、埃塞俄比亚、加纳、伊朗 (伊斯兰共和国)、马拉维和尼日尔）实地测试适用于校外环境的全面性教育指导，并通过实施面向校外青年的全面性教育计划来援助严重掉队的人群，人口基金强调，通过实施校内或校外全面性教育计划，可以控制青年性活动或性冒险行为的上升趋势。人口基金将与教科文组织一道，利用“我们的权利，我们的生活，我们的未来”计划实现高层政治承诺，为非洲西部和中部的青年少和青年提供全面性教育以及性和生殖健康服务。开发署正在与联盟合作加强艾滋病毒预防领域的法律和人权行动。 | 44. The Global HIV Prevention Coalition (co-convened by UNFPA and the UNAIDS Secretariat) is strengthening political commitment and action for prevention, but major programmatic and funding gaps still separate countries from the 2020 milestones. The Joint Programme continues to support implementation of the Prevention 2020 Road Map and accelerated action in the 28 focus countries of the coalition. The Joint Programme will also support countries to act on the international technical guidance on CSE. UNFPA will field-test the guidance on CSE for out-of-school settings over three years (in Burkina Faso, Colombia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Malawi and Niger), reaching those most left behind through CSE for out-of-school young people, which emphasizes the fact that CSE – in or out of schools – does not increase sexual activity or sexual risk-taking behaviour. Together with UNESCO, UNFPA will use the “Our Rights, Our Lives, Our Future” programme to achieve high-level political commitment for CSE and access to SRH services for adolescents and young people in western and central Africa. UNDP is collaborating with the coalition to strengthen action on legal and human rights aspects of HIV prevention. |
G. 战略成果领域 4：与重点人群一起和帮助他们预防艾滋病毒 | G. Strategic results area 4: HIV prevention with and for key populations |
45. 在所有收入水平和所有地区的国家中，重点人群的艾滋病毒感染率仍然居高不下。据艾滋病署估计，重点人群及其性伴侣占新增艾滋病毒感染病例的 47%。开发署和人口基金协调联合规划署开展工作，侧重于指导的制定和执行，从而促进有利的法律和政策环境，并扩大对关键人群的服务和社区权能的规模。 | 45. Disproportionally high HIV infection rates continue to be reported among key populations in countries of all income levels and in all regions. UNAIDS estimates that people in key populations and their sex partners accounted for 47 per cent of new HIV infections in 2017. UNDP and UNFPA coordinated the Joint Programme’s efforts focused on the guidance of development and implementation, enabling legal and policy environments, scaling-up of services for key populations and community empowerment. |
46. 青少年和青年重点人群受艾滋病毒的影响尤为严重。这类重点人群比普通青少年和青年面临更大风险、更容易染病，因为他们普遍受到歧视、污名化和暴力，而且青年在与家庭和朋友的关系中处于弱势地位，权利不平衡，甚至相互疏远。根据联合规划署的青年重点人群问题简报，开发署、人口基金携手儿基会、教科文组织以及艾滋病署秘书处为青少年和青年重点人群开发了工具包，这套资源用于帮助各国针对这类重点人群加大艾滋病毒预防力度。 | 46. Adolescent and young key populations are disproportionately affected by HIV. Their risk and vulnerability is even greater than that of adolescents and young people generally because of widespread discrimination, stigma and violence, combined with the vulnerabilities of youth, power imbalances in relationships and, sometimes, alienation from family and friends. Building on the Joint Programme’s young key population issue briefs, UNDP, UNFPA together with UNICEF, UNESCO, UNODC, UN-Women, WHO and the UNAIDS Secretariat developed a toolkit for adolescent and young key populations, a collection of resources to assist countries in scaling up HIV prevention for these key populations. |
47. 人口基金与重点人群网络开展合作，在 2018 年为 18 个国家的重点人群相关方案提供支持。重点人群艾滋病毒防治服务已在孟加拉、印度尼西亚、牙买加、肯尼亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦、巴基斯坦、南非、塔吉克斯坦、突尼斯、乌干达、乌克兰以及津巴布韦开始推广应用。与跨性别者合作的工具被翻译为葡萄牙文和俄罗斯文。与跨性别者合作的工具社区开发讲习班在印度以及拉丁美洲和加勒比地区得到支持。为非洲东部和南部地区定制并发布了用于指导性工作者防治服务和男男性行为者防治服务的技术简报，并对泛美卫生组织关于女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和双性人人群艾滋病毒防治/性和生殖健康服务的指导进行了技术审查。人口基金还在“艾滋病 2018”支持举办面向性工作者、男男性行为者和变性人的能力建设讲习班，以促进社区发展、社区内联网和赋权。在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，人口基金举办了 4 场讲习班，面向参与了三类群体规范性指南中界定的全面方案的社区教育者开展培训。 | 47. Working with key population networks, UNFPA supported programmes for key populations in 18 countries during 2018. Roll-out of the key population HIV implementation tools occurred in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, South Africa, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine and Zimbabwe. The TRANSIT was translated into Portuguese and Russian. TRANSIT community development workshops were supported in India and in Latin America and the Caribbean. Technical briefs for guiding roll-out of the sex worker implementation tool and implementation tool for men who have sex with men were tailored for and published in the Eastern and Southern Africa region, and technical review was conducted of Pan American Health Organization guidance on HIV/SRH services for LGBTI people. UNFPA also supported capacity building workshops at AIDS 2018 for sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender people – facilitating community development, networking and empowerment within these communities. In Latin America and the Caribbean, UNFPA conducted four workshops to train community educators in comprehensive programmes as defined in normative guides for these three groups. |
48. 在“2030 年议程”背景下，促进性和性别少数群体的融入，并帮助他们获得艾滋病毒防治和保健服务是开发署的重点工作之一。“成为女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和双性人”区域性计划正在提高人们对这类人群所面临问题的了解，并促进这类人群参与到国家发展工作中。在区域内和跨区域南南合作的基础上，已支持 53 个国家推出“成为女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和双性人”计划及相关方案。 | 48. Advancing inclusion of sexual and gender minorities and promoting their access to HIV and health services in the context of the 2030 Agenda is a key priority for UNDP. Regional “Being LGBTI” programmes are building understanding of the issues LGBTI people face and advancing their inclusion in national development efforts. Built on South-South collaboration within and across regions, 53 countries have been supported to roll-out “Being LGBTI” and related programmes. |
49. 非洲性取向及性别认同和人权项目已于 2018 年在博茨瓦纳、喀麦隆、利比里亚、尼日利亚、塞内加尔、坦桑尼亚及赞比亚启动。开发署已帮助所有 7 个国家开展国家评估，设立由多利益攸关组成的国家指导委员会，并为“女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和双性人”相关组织提供技术支持。在博茨瓦纳、利比里亚和尼日利亚召开了国家圆桌会议，并呼吁通过改革法律来推动性和性别少数群体的融入并保障其权利。 | 49. The Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Rights Africa project was launched in Botswana, Cameroon, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania and Zambia in 2018. UNDP helped all seven countries conduct national assessments, set up national multi-stakeholder steering committees and provided technical support to LGBTI organizations. National roundtables were organized in Botswana, Liberia and Nigeria, and have led to calls for legal reform which can advance the inclusion and rights of sexual and gender minorities. |
50. “在亚洲成为女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和双性人”计划完成了 6 项多国研究项目，涉及 19 个国家。这些项目为中国、印度、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、泰国和越南的法律和政策改革提供了依据。2018 年，巴基斯坦颁布了“变性人（权利保护）法”，并开始根据开发署意见制定变性人福利政策。这些措施旨在增加变性人获取医疗保健和咨询服务的机会，并且禁止雇主和企业主对他们进行骚扰和歧视。在泰国和越南，开发署还支持制定了相关法律，帮助变性人融入社会。 | 50. The “Being LGBTI in Asia” programme completed six multi-country research projects across 19 countries. These projects are informing legal and policy reform in China, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. In 2018, Pakistan enacted the “Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act” and began formulating transgender welfare policies with input from UNDP. These measures aim to increase transgender people’s access to medical care and counselling, as well as outlaw harassment and discrimination by employers and business owners. UNDP also supported the development of transgender inclusion laws in Thailand and Viet Nam. |
51. 在开发署的支持下，南部非洲发展共同体重点人群战略已制定完毕。该战略以开发署支持的非洲重点人群专家组制定的重点人群模型框架为基础，包含了涵盖变性人的主要干预措施。一经验证和通过，该战略将为南共体成员国制定重点人群国家政策提供指导。重点人群组织和国家级行为者同样使用该框架，为规划、实施和监测艾滋病毒防治和健康计划提供指导。在南非，专家组代表影响了国家战略计划中的措辞，并推动了国家性工作者艾滋病毒防治计划的制定。在塞内加尔，专家组代表帮助为吸毒者设计了项目。 | 51. UNDP has supported the completion of the South African Development Community (SADC) Key Population Strategy. The strategy builds on a key populations model framework developed by the UNDP-supported Africa Key Populations Expert Group and includes key interventions including for transgender persons. Once validated and adopted, the strategy will inform national policies for key populations in SADC member countries. Key population organizations and national-level actors are also using the framework to inform the planning, implementation and monitoring of HIV and health programmes. In South Africa, Expert Group representatives influenced the language in the National Strategic plan and facilitated the development of the National Sex Worker HIV Plan. In Senegal, Expert Group representatives helped design a project for drug users. |
52. 开发署、人口基金和世卫组织支持 MPact 全球行动制定了于艾滋 2018 启动的女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和双性人自愿国家审查计划并分析相关结果。开发署还支持启动关于青年男男性行为者艾滋病毒和其他性健康问题的 MPact 技术简报。开发署发布了名为“可持续发展目标：性和性别少数者”讨论文件，探讨了在保护性和性别少数群体的人权以及将他们纳入可持续发展方面具有潜力的政策和方案方法。 | 52. UNDP, UNFPA and WHO supported MPact Global Action in the development and analysis of voluntary national reviews on LGBTI people which was launched at AIDS 2018. UNDP further supported the launch of the MPact Technical Brief on HIV and Other Sexual Health Considerations for Young Men Who Have Sex with Men (Out with It). UNDP published a discussion paper “Sustainable Development Goals: Sexual and Gender Minorities”, which discussed promising policy and programme approaches to protect the human rights of sexual and gender minorities and strengthen their inclusion in sustainable development. |
53. 为解决民间社会（包括与重点人群合作的组织）的公民空间和供资日益缩减的问题，开发署、人口基金和其他联合规划署组织将提高参与程度，包括向重点人群提供更多获取艾滋病毒预防和相关服务的机会。 | 53. To address shrinking civic space and funding for civil society, including organizations working with key populations, UNDP, UNFPA, and other Joint Programme organizations, will step up engagement, including for expanding access to HIV prevention and related services for key populations. |
H. 战略成果领域 5：性别不平等和基于性别的暴力 | H. Strategic results area 5: Gender inequality and gender-based violence |
54. 性别不平等和基于性别的暴力问题普遍存在，继续使妇女面临感染艾滋病毒的风险，并且成为妨碍全球抗击艾滋病工作取得进展的主要障碍。与艾滋病有关的疾病仍是造成全球育龄妇女死亡的主要原因之一。2艾滋病毒易感性增高一直都与暴力问题有关。全球超过 1/3 的妇女遭受过人身暴力或性暴力，而且施暴者通常是她们的亲密伴侣。 | 54. Pervasive gender inequalities and gender-based violence continue to put women at risk of HIV infection and are major barriers to progress in the global AIDS response. AIDS-related illnesses are still a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age globally. 2 Increased vulnerability to HIV has been linked to violence. More than one in three women worldwide have experienced physical or sexual violence, often at the hands of their intimate partners. |
55. 开发署正在支持 41 个国家在艾滋病毒防治和健康方面改善性别平等和增强妇女和女童权能，包括推翻妨碍获得医疗保健服务的法律障碍和社会规范，对性别暴力受害者提供全面的支持。在东欧和中亚，开发署帮助 15000 名妇女和少女艾滋病毒携带者获得了艾滋病毒治疗服务。这项工作包括在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那促进在艾滋病毒防治服务提供方面实现性别平等；在塔吉克斯坦改善抗逆转录病毒疗法、艾滋病毒检测和咨询以及法律援助服务的获取途径；在土库曼斯坦改善结核病相关服务的获取途径；以及在乌克兰提高妇女的权利认识。 | 55. UNDP is supporting 41 countries on improving gender equality and empowering women and girls in the context of HIV and health, ranging from challenging the legal barriers and social 2 Health statistics and information systems: estimates for 2000–2015. Geneva: WHO; 2017. norms that impeded access to healthcare to improving integrated support for victims of gender-based violence. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, UNDP supported 15,000 women and adolescent girls living with HIV to access HIV services. This work included promoting gender equality in HIV service provision in Bosnia and Herzegovina; improving access to ART, HIV testing and counselling and legal aid services in Tajikistan and tuberculosis-related services in Turkmenistan; and raising awareness of women’s rights in Ukraine. |
56. 在拉丁美洲，开发署正在促进区域合作，以改善服务并维护感染艾滋病毒的青年妇女和青少年的权利。开发署、儿基会以及艾滋病署秘书处支持女性艾滋病毒携带者国际团体建立由地区内少女艾滋病毒携带者组成的网络。开发署主张提高国家艾滋病防治方案对少女的重视程度，并支持阿根廷、智利、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、巴拿马、秘鲁和乌拉圭的民间社会伙伴在各自国家倡导健康权利。 | 56. In Latin America, UNDP is promoting regional cooperation to improve services and uphold the rights of young women and adolescents with HIV. UNDP, UNICEF and the UNAIDS Secretariat supported the International Community of Women Living with HIV to establish a network of young women living with HIV from across the region. UNDP advocated for greater visibility for young women in national AIDS programmes, and supported civil society partners from Argentina, Chile, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Uruguay to advocate for health rights in their respective countries. |
57. 在人类生殖研究特别方案的赞助下，开发署、人口基金、儿基会、世卫组织以及世界银行发布了关于妇女艾滋病毒携带者常规选择性剖腹产的政策简报。该政策简报倡导基于权利的方法，承认必须将人权纳入所有医疗保健政策，并确保女性艾滋病毒携带者有权参与决定分娩方式的选择。 | 57. UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, WHO, and the World Bank under the auspices of the Special Programme on Research in Human Reproduction published a policy brief on routine elective caesarean section for women living with HIV. The policy brief promotes a rights-based approach – acknowledges the necessity to embed human rights in all healthcare policies and the rights of women living with HIV to be included in decision-making around choice of modes of delivery. |
58. 2018 年，人口基金在性别平等和增强妇女权能方面取得的主要成就包括： | 58. Key UNFPA achievements in gender equality and the empowerment of women in 2018 include: |
(a) 893000 名遭受暴力侵害的妇女和女童获得了基本服务； | (a) 893,000 women and girls subjected to violence accessed essential services; |
(b) 在人口基金的支持下，184 万女童获得了与童婚、早婚和强迫婚姻相关的预防和/或保护服务； | (b) 1.84 million girls received, with support from UNFPA, prevention and/or protection services and care related to child, early and forced marriage; |
(c) 在人口基金的支持，4907 个社区建立了宣传平台，以消除歧视性的性别和社会文化规范； | (c) 4,907 communities developed advocacy platforms, with support from UNFPA, to eliminate discriminatory gender and sociocultural norms; |
(d) 50 个国家建立了允许男性和男童参与的国家机制。 | (d) 50 countries have a national mechanism to engage men and boys. |
59. 人口基金目前领导/共同领导关于性暴力的三大关键全球倡议：基本服务一揽子计划，已在 38 个国家推广；聚光灯倡议（与开发署共同领导），在拉丁美洲和非洲制定了两项区域方案和 13 项国家方案，目前正在为亚洲/太平洋和加勒比地区制定区域/国家方案；以及在 23个国家推广应用的防治性暴力的连续性（人道主义-发展-和平关系）方法。此外，2018 年，人口基金/儿基会终止童婚全球方案为非洲的 12 个国家提供了支持，通过以学校和社区为基础的女童团体援助了近 300 万女童提供，让这些团体中的女童学习了重要的性和生殖健康权利信息、谈判和决策技能。在区域层面，该方案与南共体和东非共同体建立伙伴关系，制定了旨在根除童婚的示范法，该法律由马拉维和莫桑比克于 2018 年引入国内。人口基金还发布了关于向残疾妇女和青年提供基于权利、旨促进性别平等的服务的首个指导方针。此外，人口基金还针对第二轮普遍定期审议所发现的性别以及性和生殖健康权利问题编写了分析报告，在抗击艾滋病毒方面，该报告包含关于抗击艾滋病毒的 177 项建议，以及关于全面性教育和性工作的其他建议。 | 59. UNFPA is currently leading/co-leading three key global initiatives on gender-based violence: the Essential Services Package, which has been rolled-out in 38 countries; the Spotlight Initiative (with UNDP) - two regional programmes and 13 country programmes in Latin America and Africa developed and an ongoing process of developing regional/country programmes for Asia/Pacific and the Caribbean; as well as the gender-based violence continuum (humanitarian-development-peace nexus) approach which has been rolled-out in 23 countries. In addition, the UNFPA/UNICEF Global Programme to End Child Marriage supported 12 countries in Asia and Africa, reaching almost 3 million girls in 2018 through school-based and community-based girl groups where girls learn critical SRHR information, negotiation and decision-making skills. Regionally, the programme partnered with SADC and the East African Community producing a model law to eradicate child marriage, which Malawi and Mozambique domesticated in 2018. UNFPA also launched the first guidelines to provide rights-based and gender-responsive services for women and young persons with disabilities. Furthermore, UNFPA prepared an analysis of gender and SRHR issues emanating from the second cycle of Universal Periodic Reviews which, in the context of HIV, included highlighting the 177 recommendations on HIV, and additional recommendations on CSE and on sex work. |
60. 在倡导性别平等和妇女权利的当前背景下，开发署和人口基金将继续与合作伙伴共同努力，呼吁在抗击艾滋病毒背景下解决性别不平等和性暴力问题的紧迫性。通过建立全球行动伙伴关系以消除一切形式的与艾滋病毒相关的污名化和歧视，并采取类似举措，开发署、人口基金、艾滋病署秘书处以及其他共同赞助者将继续支持各国废除允许性别歧视和侵犯妇女权利的法律和政策。 | 60. In the current context on gender equality and women’s rights UNDP and UNFPA will continue to work with partners to advocate for the urgency in addressing gender inequality and gender-based violence in the context of HIV. Through the Global Partnership for Action to Eliminate All Forms of HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination and similar initiatives, UNDP, UNFPA, the UNAIDS Secretariat and other co-sponsors will continue to support countries to repeal laws and policies that sanction gender-based discrimination and violate women's rights. |
I. 战略成果领域 6：人权、污名化和歧视 | I. Strategic results area 6: Human rights, stigma and discrimination |
61. 与性别平等一样，人权和法治是决定能否消灭艾滋病毒、实现健康和可持续发展的重要因素。基于人权的方法是联合规划署的重中之重和指导原则。对艾滋病毒携带者和重点人群的污名化和歧视，因惩罚性和歧视性法律及政策进一步加剧，成为妨碍他们获取艾滋病毒防治服务的主要障碍。 | 61. Like gender equality, human rights and the rule of law are powerful determinants of HIV, health and sustainable development. A human rights-based approach is a top priority and guiding principle for the Joint Programme. Reinforced by punitive and discriminatory laws,3 stigma and discrimination towards PLHIV and key populations are major barriers that prevent people from accessing HIV services. |
62. 开发署代表联合规划署组建的艾滋病毒与法律问题全球委员会针对其 2012 年报告发布了一份更新文件。《2018 年补编》强调了公民空间缩小、刑事定罪长期存在、数字技术对健康的风险、“毒品战争”、限制性移民政策和移民医疗服务获取受限对抗击艾滋病行动的影响，并为政府、民间会和其他合作伙伴提供了行动建议。 | 62. The Global Commission on HIV and the Law, convened by UNDP on behalf of the Joint Programme, released an update to its 2012 report. The 2018 Supplement highlighted the impact on the AIDS response of shrinking civic space, persisting criminalization, the risks of digital technologies for health, the “war on drugs”, restrictive immigration policies and limited health care access for migrants, and provided a list of actionable recommendations for governments, civil society and other partners. |
63. 自 2012 年报告发布以来，开发署与合作伙伴通过开展法律环境评估和实施行动计划，以及在 89 个国家组织国家对话和培训，支持各国围绕艾滋病毒防治和卫生健康改善法律和政策环境。2018 年，在安哥拉、白俄罗斯、科特迪瓦、海地、马达加斯加、莫桑比克、塞内加尔、苏里南、塔吉克斯坦、特立尼达和多巴哥、乌克兰赞比亚以及津巴布韦开展了法律环境评估和行动规划。得益于先前开展的法律环境评估，刚果民主共和国修改了其艾滋病毒相关法律，废除了对传播艾滋病毒的刑事定罪，而加蓬正在起草一项关于性别和性暴力的新国家政策。开发署与遏制结核病全球伙伴关系开展合作，支持在肯尼亚、尼日利亚和乌克兰针对结核病开展法律环境评估，还支持在博茨瓦纳针对艾滋病毒/结核病开展联合法律环境评估。 | 63. UNDP and partners supported countries to strengthen legal and policy environments for HIV and health by conducting LEAs and action plans, as well as organizing national dialogues and trainings in 89 countries since the launch of the 2012 report. In 2018, LEAs and action planning were undertaken in Angola, Belarus, Cote D’Ivoire, Haiti, Madagascar, Mozambique, Senegal, Suriname, Tajikistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, Zambia and Zimbabwe. As a result of previous LEAs, the Democratic Republic of the Congo amended its HIV law, repealing the criminalisation of HIV transmission, and Gabon is drafting a new national policy on gender and sexual violence. UNDP, in collaboration with the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership, supported LEAs for tuberculosis in Kenya, Nigeria and Ukraine, as well as a joint HIV/Tuberculosis LEA in Botswana. |
64. 开发署与艾滋病署秘书处及其他共同赞助者开展合作，为全球基金的“打破障碍”倡议提供支持，该倡议帮助 20 个国家扩大以证据为基础的方案编制工作，以减少妨碍获取艾滋病毒、结核病和疟疾防治服务的人权方面的障碍。全球基金已完成基准评估，多个国家已经验证了基准，并且正在制定五年实施计划（含成本预算）。 | 64. UNDP in collaboration with the UNAIDS Secretariat and other co-sponsors, supported the Global Fund’s Breaking Down Barriers initiative, which supports 20 countries to scale up evidence-based programming to reduce human rights-related barriers to HIV, tuberculosis and malaria services. The Global Fund has completed baseline assessments, and several countries have validated the baselines and are developing five-year costed implementation plans. |
65. 开发署继续与合作伙伴开展合作，支持各国创造有利环境，包括消除妨碍获取艾滋病毒和结核病服务的法律、政策和人权障碍。已开展的工作包括支持各国倡导维护艾滋病毒携带者和/或结核病患者的积极判例和先例，从而增加司法救助。例如，肯尼亚高等法院发布一项法令，禁止将未能依从治疗计划的结核病患者拘留入狱，这促使肯尼亚政府于 2018 年发布了尊重人权的结核病例管理政策；巴基斯坦最高法院就尊重人权的变性人社会融入政策发布了指令；博茨瓦纳从法律上承认变性人性别，并出台向这类人群签发身份证件的法令。 | 65. UNDP continues to work with partners to support countries in creating enabling environments, including removing legal, policy and human rights barriers to HIV and tuberculosis services. This has included strengthening access to justice through supporting countries to advance positive jurisprudence and precedents that uphold the rights of PLHIV and/or tuberculosis. For example, an order of the Kenyan High Court against the detention of persons with tuberculosis in prison for failure to adhere to treatment resulted in the publication of a rights-based policy to tuberculosis case management by the Government of Kenya in 2018; a Supreme Court directive for rights-based, social inclusion policies for transgender persons in Pakistan; and legal gender recognition and an order to issue identity documents to a transgender man in Botswana. |
66. 开发署支持秘书长加强全系统行动以支持执行 2016 年关于健康、人权和可持续发展的世界毒品问题大会特别会议的建议的倡议。作为这些努力的一部分，开发署、世卫组织、艾滋病署秘书处、人权高专办以及毒品和犯罪问题办公室与埃塞克斯大学国际人权和毒品政策中心建立伙伴关系，并发布了关于人权和毒品管制的国际准则，该准则将由合作伙伴在各地区推广实施。 | 66. UNDP has supported the Secretary-General’s initiative to strengthen system-wide actions to support implementation of the recommendations of the 2016 Special Session of the General Assembly on the World Drug Problem on health, human rights and sustainable development. As part of these efforts, UNDP, WHO, UNAIDS Secretariat, OHCHR and UNODC, in partnership with the International Centre for Human Rights and Drug Policy at the University of Essex, launched the International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Control, which will be rolled out by the partners in all regions. |
67. 人口基金已将人权和性别问题纳入其现有战略计划（2018-2021 年）的主流，培养其所有工作人员在这方面的能力，以确在编制任何人口基金方案时都牢牢抓住人权原则这一基础，包括确保性别平等，无歧视，人人能够享有性和生殖健康服务，努力确保不让任何团体边缘化或掉队。人口基金在推动全球和区域发展、提高性和生殖健康服务使用率方面发挥重要作用，包括支持制定南共体 2019 -2030 年性和生殖健康及权利区域战略。 | 67. UNFPA has mainstreamed human rights and gender across its current Strategic Plan (2018–2021), building capacity of all staff to ensure all UNFPA programming has a firm grounding in human rights principles, including ensuring gender equality, no discrimination, 3 Including laws that criminalize unintentional HIV transmission, nondisclosure and exposure, consensual same sex relations between adults, gender expression, sex work and drug use, as well as parental consent laws. universal access to SRH services and efforts to ensure no group is marginalized or left behind. UNFPA was instrumental in global and regional developments that increased the utilization of SRH services including supporting the development of the SADC regional strategy for sexual and reproductive health and rights for 2019-2030. |
68. 人口基金制定了评估可持续发展目标下的 5.6.2 指标（有多少国家建立了法律框架以确保全民可以平等地获得性和生殖健康护理服务、信息和教育）实施进展的方法。针对 5.6.2 指标的调查工作将于 2019 年通过联合国经济和社会事务部调查系统开展，调查结果将用于在2019 年底之前建成该领域首个全球数据库。元数据包括以下信息：有关艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关法律和法规，以及是否存在法律障碍导致女性和男性无法充分且平等地获得艾滋病毒检测和治疗服务。 | 68. UNFPA developed a methodology for assessing progress of SDG indicator 5.6.2 – number of countries with legal frameworks guaranteeing full and equal access to SRH care, information and education. The survey for 5.6.2 is being rolled out in 2019, through the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs inquiry and will establish the first global database in this area by the end of 2019. The meta-data includes information on laws and regulations around HIV/AIDS and whether any legal barriers exist to full and equal access by women and men to HIV testing and treatment. |
69. 人口基金参加了联合国土著问题常设论坛，主张向土著人民（特别是女性）提供性和生殖健康服务，发布了土著女性孕产健康概况（其中包括预防母婴传播等内容），还审议了联合国土著问题常设论坛关于性和生殖健康权利的建议，包括关于应对艾滋病毒在土著社区内的影响日益增加的问题。人口基金通过发布残疾人士性和生殖健康权利指导方针，撰写联合国秘书长残疾问题报告中的性和生殖健康章节，以及发布关于移民女性的性和生殖健康问题的文件，为其他少数群体提供支持。 | 69. UNFPA engaged in the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) to promote SRH of indigenous people, especially women, publishing a fact sheet on indigenous women’s maternal health, including prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and review of UNPFII recommendations on SRHR, including on addressing rising impact of HIV within indigenous communities. UNFPA supported other minority groups through the publication of SRHR guidelines for people with disabilities, the compilation of the SRH chapter within the United Nations Secretary General report on disability, and the publication of a paper on migrant women’s SRH. |
70. 联合规划署将加大力度支持改革和废除不利的法律和政策，并且将继续采取行动消除这些措施对人权和健康方面带来的负面影响。开发署和其他共同赞助者将继续支持各国执行艾滋病毒与法律问题全球委员会的建议。包括与合作伙伴合作制定了以重点人群为重点的相关指南，以消除在艾滋病毒和其他健康相关数据的收集和使用方面（包括适用大数据系统），人们对数据保护和保密问题日益增长的担忧。 | 70. The Joint Programme will strengthen its support for reforming or removing obstructive laws and policies and will continue actions to mitigate negative human rights and health impacts of such measures. UNDP and other co-sponsors will continue to support countries to implement the recommendations of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law. This includes working with partners to develop guidance on addressing growing concerns about data protection and confidentiality in the collection and use of HIV and other health-related data, including through “big data” systems, with a special focus on key populations. |
J. 战略成果领域 7：投资和效率 | J. Strategic results area 7: Investment and efficiency |
71. 为抗击艾滋病行动持续供资仍然是一项挑战。供资水平一直停滞不前，2017 年防治艾滋病毒支出总额达到 206 亿美元（以 2016 年定值美元计），这在很大程度上是由于国内投资增加所致。如果继续保持当前投资趋势，将无法实现 2020 年的许多快车道计划目标和里程碑。 | 71. Sustainable financing for AIDS responses results continued to be a challenge. Funding levels have been stagnant, with HIV spending totalling $20.6 billion (in constant 2016 United States dollars) in 2017, in large part due to increased domestic investments. If current investment trends continue, many Fast-Track programme targets and milestones for 2020 will not be met. |
72. 开发署正在与全球基金及合作伙伴合作研发创新型方法，以更高效且更具成本效益的方式向重点人群提供服务，确保过渡至以国内资金支持抗击艾滋病毒的行动，例如通过社会承包方式。开发署支持东欧和中亚的 10 个国家制定社会承包路线图，以促进民间社会、政府和其他合作伙伴共同实施重点干预措施。 | 72. UNDP is working with the Global Fund, and partners on innovative methods for effective and cost-efficient service delivery to key populations, to secure transition to domestically funded HIV responses – for instance through social contracting. UNDP supported ten countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia to develop road maps for social contracting to facilitate implementation of jointly prioritized interventions by civil society, government and other partners. |
73. 开发署、全球基金和开放社会基金会就社会承包问题举办磋商会后，开展了一项八国研究（波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、巴西、克罗地亚、圭亚那、北马其顿、黑山、纳米比亚、塞尔维亚）进行跟进，探索了以重点人群为主的社会承包服务供应模式。确定了监管框架和良好做法，并将在 2019 年应用于社会承包推广行动中。在墨西哥，人口基金与地方政府合作，加强社会承包机制，预防和应对艾滋病毒。11 年来，重点人群通过民间社会组织获得了支持，在此基础上发布和分发一份良好做法文件。 | 73. Social contracting models for service delivery with a specific focus on key populations were explored in an eight-country study (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Croatia, Guyana, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Namibia, Serbia) as follow up to a consultation on social contracting organized by UNDP, the Global Fund and the Open Society Foundations. Regulatory frameworks and good practices were identified and will be used in 2019 efforts to scale up social contracting. In Mexico, UNFPA worked with local government to strengthen social contracting mechanisms preventing and responding to HIV. Key populations have received such support through civil society organizations for over 11 years, for which a good practice document was published and disseminated. |
74. 开发署的共同供资为价值巨大/影响深远的干预措施解决了预算问题，同时为多个部门、可持续发展目标以及可持续发展目标下的具体目标带来好处。例如，现金转移可以为少女、健康、性别平等、减少青少年怀孕、防治艾滋病毒等方面带来诸多好处。在马拉维，开发署率先采用共同供资模式，以实现卫生部门预算的最佳分配。该方法已经推广至加纳、南非和坦桑尼亚。目前正在支持南非建立共同供资模式，以便在夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省推广应用现金加护理方案，并将干预措施纳入全球基金防治艾滋病毒供资申请中。开发署和伦敦卫生与热带医学院支持的 STRIVE 研究联盟制定了关于跨部门供资以实现可持续发展的指导说明。该指导说明将通过联合国主纳入主流、加快步伐和政策支持活动推出，作为联合国可持续发展集团支持各国实施“2030 年议程”的更广泛行动的组成部分。 | 74. UNDP co-financing offers a solution to budget for high-value/impact interventions that deliver benefits across multiple sectors, SDGs and SDG targets simultaneously. For example, cash transfers can lead to multiple benefits in education access for adolescent girls, health, gender equality, reduced teen pregnancies, HIV prevention and more. In Malawi, UNDP has pioneered a co-financing model to determine optimal allocation of budgets in the health sector. This approach is now extended in Ghana, South Africa and Tanzania. Modelling is underway for South Africa to expand its cash plus care programme for adolescent girls in KwaZulu-Natal, and the intervention has been included in the Global Fund HIV funding request. A guidance note on financing across sectors for sustainable development was developed by UNDP and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine-supported STRIVE Research Consortium. The guidance will be rolled out through United Nations Mainstreaming Acceleration and Policy Support engagements, which are part of the broader United Nations Sustainable Development Group support to countries to implement the 2030 Agenda. |
75. 人口基金继续支持在性和生殖健康权利方面，开发和使用青年主导的技术和创新办法，包括艾滋病毒预防技术和方法，如泰国开发的“I-Design”工具，可以在多个国家通过手机提供艾滋病毒以及性和生殖健康信息的 TuneMe。人口基金和世卫组织还正在为计划生育以及青少年性和生殖健康服务开发数字客户级信息系统“入门套件”，以帮助实施者更轻松地开展需求过程并重新利用现有的数字工具。开发署和世界银行为来自 40 个国家的高级政府官员组织了一系列全球培训课程，培养在健康和营养领域应用大数据分析、人工智能和决策科学模型的能力。 | 75. UNFPA continued supporting development and use of youth-led technology and innovative approaches in SRHR, including HIV prevention, such as the “I-Design” Tool in Thailand, and TuneMe, which provide HIV and SRH information through mobile phones in multiple countries. UNFPA and WHO are also developing “starter kits” for digital client-level information systems for family planning and adolescent sexual and reproductive health services to help implementers to more easily undertake the requirement process and repurpose existing digital tools. UNDP and the World Bank organized a global series of training courses for senior-level government officials from 40 countries to build capacity in big data analytics, artificial intelligence and the use of decision science models in health and nutrition. |
76. 此外，多个国家推出了创新型平台。在莫桑比克，人口基金和儿基会于 2018 年通过数字平台 SMS BIZ 向 681633 名青年提供艾滋病毒预防以及性和生殖健康信息。在布基纳法索，累计共有 1587000 名青年和青少年参加了在 QG Jeune 平台上发布的性传播疾病/艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关课程并获得了知识。QG Jeune 是专为青年打造的互动平台，提供在线咨询服务和学习环境，并且由青少年性和生殖健康专家提供支持。 | 76. In addition, several countries introduced innovative platforms. In Mozambique, UNFPA and UNICEF provided HIV prevention and SRH information to 681,633 young people in 2018 through digital platform SMS BIZ. In Burkina Faso, a cumulative 1,587,000 young people and adolescents had access to the STI/HIV/AIDS course posted on the QG Jeune platform and gained knowledge. QG Jeune is an interactive platform dedicated to youth, with online counselling and a learning environment supported by ASRH specialists. |
77. 许多国家（特别是低收入国家）仍然依赖外部供资，许多中等收入国家正在努力过渡到由本国资助实施以证据为基础的艾滋病应对措施。开发署将继续支持各国为提高防治艾滋病毒和保护健康行动的效率和成效而实施投资案例。人口基金将继续设计以性和生殖健康为重点的国家青少年投资案例。 | 77. Many countries (especially low-income countries) still rely on external funding, and many middle-income countries are struggling to transition to domestic financing of evidence-informed AIDS responses. UNDP will continue to support countries to conduct investment cases to increase efficiency and effectiveness of HIV and health responses. UNFPA will continue to develop country adolescent investment cases which have a focus on SRH. |
K. 战略成果领域 8：艾滋病毒和卫生服务的整合 | K. Strategic results area 8: HIV and health service integration |
78. 世界各国普遍认识到，将艾滋病毒干预措施与其他方案相整合对于产生持久影响至关重要：例如，其他性传染疾病、结核性、性和生殖健康和权利、病毒性肝炎、心理健康、教育、食物与营养、社会保护、体面工作和人道主义方面的方案。 | 78. There is wide recognition that to have a lasting impact, integration of HIV interventions with other programmes is vital: e.g. for other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, sexual and reproductive health and rights, viral hepatitis, mental health, education, food and nutrition, social protection, decent work and humanitarian programmes. |
79. 人口基金在提高人们对综合性健康和生殖健康服务的认识并促使做出充分利用此类服务的承诺方面发挥关键作用。在全球范围内，人口基金和卫生组织作为性和生殖健康权利/艾滋病毒联系工作组的共同主席，再次呼吁在 2018 年采取联合行动抗击艾滋病，这得到近 40个发展组织共同认可。通过欧空局联系方案“2gether 4 SRHR”，人口基金与艾滋病署、儿基会以及世卫组织共同支持南共体性和生殖健康权利战略、性和生殖健康权利记分卡以及南共体为重点人群建立有利环境的行动，包括举办重点人群价值澄清讲习班。 | 79. UNFPA played a key role in creating awareness and commitment to increasing utilization of integrated SRH services. At the global level, UNFPA and WHO, as co-chairs of the Interagency Working Group on SRHR/HIV Linkages, launched a renewed Call to Action on Linkages at AIDS 2018, with co-endorsement by nearly 40 development organizations. Through the ESA Linkages programme “2gether 4 SRHR”, UNFPA, together with UNAIDS, UNICEF and WHO, supported inputs to a SADC SRHR Strategy, SRHR score card, and SADC efforts to create an enabling environment for key populations, including a Values Clarification Workshop on key populations. |
80. 人口基金支持包括博茨瓦纳、布基纳法索、吉尔吉斯斯坦、印度、南非、南苏丹、赞比亚和津巴布韦在内的众多国家继续努力向医疗保健机构提供综合性和生殖健康/艾滋病毒/性别暴力方面的培训。在赞比亚，共有 202 家医疗保健机构获得了关于提供适合青少年的综合性和生殖健康/艾滋病毒/性别暴力相关服务的知识和技能。157212 名年轻人因此而获得了 418家设施提供的青少年保健服务和相关信息，这些设施占人口基金支助省份的公共卫生设施的57%。 | 80. UNFPA supported many countries including Botswana, Burkina Faso, Kyrgyzstan, India, South Africa, South Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe to continue their efforts on training health care providers on the integrated SRH/HIV/GBV services. In Zambia, a total of 202 health care providers acquired knowledge and skills in the provision of adolescent-friendly integrated SRH/HIV/GBV services. As a result, 157,212 young people accessed adolescent health services and information across 418 facilities representing 57 per cent of public health facilities in UNFPA supported provinces. |
81. 人口基金加入了现有的伙伴关系，以提高综合性和生殖健康服务的利用率，并推出新的服务。在 2018 年的关键整合伙伴关系中，全球艾滋病毒预防联盟（性和生殖健康权利/艾滋病毒整合是实现五个预防支柱措施的基础平台）的成员数量有所增加，随着博茨瓦纳、伊朗、缅甸、挪威和南共体的加入，联盟中的重点国家数量达到 28 个。2020 年计划生育伙伴关系让超过 3.09 亿妇女和少女用上避孕工具，自 2012 年建立伙伴关系到 2018 年，这一人数已经增加了 3880 万。 | 81. UNFPA participated in existing partnerships to increase the utilization of integrated SRH services and create new ones. Among the key partnerships on integration in 2018, the membership in the Global HIV Prevention Coalition – in which SRHR/HIV integration is a foundation platform for delivering on the five prevention pillars – expanded including Botswana, Iran, Myanmar, Norway and SADC, and brought the total number of focus countries to 28. The Family Planning 2020 partnership enabled more than 309 million women and adolescent girls to use contraception, an increase of 38.8 million by 2018 since its launch in 2012. |
82. 开发署正在与无害卫生保健合作，改善 10 个国家卫生部门的采购可持续性。开发署、无害卫生保健及亚洲开发银行汇集了政策制定者、技术专家和联合国供应商和制造商，以讨论改善卫生方面的环境和社会可持续性。 | 82. UNDP is collaborating with Health Care Without Harm to improve sustainable procurement in the health sector in ten countries. UNDP, Health Care Without Harm and the Asian Development Bank, brought together policymakers, technical experts and United Nations suppliers and manufacturers to discuss improving environmental and social sustainability in health. |
83. 在津巴布韦、南苏丹和赤道几内亚，开发署与监管机构和制造商合作，减少抗逆转录病毒药物的包装。由于使用新包装，每个集装箱的运输能力增加了 55%，包装废物减少了 29%，二氧化碳排放量减少了 57%。通过减少包装和改进采购规划，自 2016 年以来共节省了 820 万美元，节省的资金正被重新投入到医疗保健领域。开发署目前正努力向其他国家和更多产品类别推广这项举措。 | 83. In Zimbabwe, South Sudan and Equatorial Guinea, UNDP has worked with regulators and manufacturers to reduce packaging for antiretroviral medication. New packaging has resulted in a 55 per cent increase in shipping capacity per container, 29 per cent less packaging waste, and a 57 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions. Together with other measures to improve procurement planning, the reduced packaging initiative has generated savings of $8.2 million since 2016, which is being reinvested in health care. UNDP is now working to expand this initiative to other countries and a wider range of products. |
84. 跨系统和部门的整合范围需要进一步扩大。人口基金将继续解决卫生保健服务获取方面的难题，将采取的措施包括：推出全面性和生殖健康一揽子计划；支持风险分担和预付款计划；通过伙伴关系支持卫生基础设施；以及促进性别平等和增强妇女和女童权能。开发署将支持各国制定支持性、基于权利的的法律和政策，以推进这些行动。 | 84. The scope of integration across systems and sectors will need to broaden further. UNFPA will continue addressing the challenges faced in accessing health care by: introducing a comprehensive SRH package; supporting risk pooling and pre-payment schemes; supporting the health infrastructure through partnerships; and promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. UNDP will support countries to create supportive, rights-based laws and policies to underpin those efforts. |
IV. 结论 | IV. Conclusion |
85. “2030 年议程”是以更加综合和全面的方式解决艾滋病毒、健康和发展相关挑战的有力框架。国家抗击艾滋病行动的可持续性从根本上与 2030 年议程有关，包括全民健康保障和更广泛的健康与发展计划。开发署、人口基金和世卫组织一直在与其他 11 个全球性卫生组织合作编制健康生活与福祉全球行动计划，该计划将于 2019 年联合国大会上发布。在可持续发展目标的逻辑中，该计划旨在改善关键领域的一致性、问责制和加快速度，以推动在国家层面取得可持续发展目标 3 和相关卫生目标下的成果。 | 85. The 2030 Agenda is a powerful framework for addressing HIV, health and development challenges in a more integrated and comprehensive manner. The sustainability of national AIDS responses is fundamentally linked to the 2030 Agenda including UHC and broader health and development. UNDP, UNFPA and WHO have been working with 11 other global health organizations on the development of a Global Action Plan on Healthy Lives and Well-Being, which will be launched at the United Nations General Assembly in 2019. Within the logic of the SDGs, the plan aims to improve alignment, accountability and acceleration in key areas to drive results across SDG 3 and related health targets at country level. |
86. 艾滋病毒防治方面的投资正在改善艾滋病毒携带者的生活质量和生产力，促进平等和正义，增强健康和社区系统，以及推动从整体上实现可持续发展目标。例如，全球基金已投资约 10 亿美元改进卫生系统，直接推动实现全面健康保障。在抗击艾滋病毒行动中，解决社会排斥和法律障碍问题，以免卫生和发展成果遭受广泛破坏。在艾滋病毒携带者和艾滋病毒影响人群的带领下，这些行动增加了寻求法律救助的机会，开创了以人为本的问责机制，从而实现了更加有效和透明的制度和治理。由男性参与的性别变革性艾滋病毒方案有助于减少基于性别的暴力并增强妇女权能。 | 86. HIV investments are improving the quality of life and productivity of PLHIV, promoting equality and justice, contributing to health and community system strengthening and advancing the achievement of the SDGs overall. For example, the Global Fund has invested approximately $1 billion in strengthening health systems, contributing directly to advancing UHC. The HIV response is addressing social exclusion and legal barriers that undermine health and development outcomes more broadly. Led by people living with and affected by HIV, it has increased access to justice and pioneered people-centred accountability mechanisms, leading to more effective and transparent institutions and governance. Gender-transformative HIV programmes that engage men are contributing to reducing gender-based violence and empowering women. |
87. 全球抗击艾滋病行动存在 56 亿美元的供资缺口。3抗击艾滋病行动供资不足会严重影响到可持续发展目标的实现。例如，如果全球延后五年以上实现 2020 年目标，那么感染艾滋病 | 87. The funding gap for the global AIDS response is $5.6 billion. |
大 会 Distr.: General | General Assembly Distr.: General |
30 August 2018 | 30 August 2018 |
Original: English 140918 | 18-14004 (E) 130918 |
*1814004* | *1814004* |
第七十三届会议 | Seventy-third session |
临时议程* 项目 137 | Item 137 of the provisional agenda* |
2018-2019 两年期拟议方案预算翻修圣地亚哥拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会北楼的提案秘书长的报告摘要在其第 72/262 A 号决议第五节中，大会核准了翻修圣地亚哥拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会北楼项目的抗震工程范围，注意到项目的总体范围和估计最大费用，并请秘书长细化该提案和就各种可能备选方案进行详细分析，以实现A/72/367 号文件秘书长报告所提出的各项目标，特别是有关提高能效和减少建筑物运行对环境所造成的影响的目标。本报告提供最新资料，说明自秘书长提交上一份报告(A/72/367)以来项目取得的进展，包括确认初步抗震设计，建立利益攸关方委员会以其作为总体治理结构的一个关键方面，征聘专职项目管理人和物色独立风险管理咨询服务。除了详细的费用分析，报告还提供项目其他几个设计目标的资料，包括空间效率、能源效率和残疾人的无障碍环境。建议大会核准拟议项目范围、总费用上限和实施战略；核准在专职项目管理小组内设立两个临时职位(当地雇员)；为 2019 年项目活动批款 676 700 美元；并核准为项目设立一个多年期在建工程账户。* A/73/150。一. 导言1. 本报告根据大会第 72/262 A 号决议第五节提交；大会在该决议中核准了翻修圣地亚哥拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会北楼项目的抗震工程范围。大会还请秘书长细化该提案和就各种备选方案进行详细分析，以实现秘书长在其上一份项目报告(A/72/367)所提出的各项目标，特别是有关提高能效和减少建筑物运行对环 | Programme budget for the biennium 2018–2019 Proposal for the renovation of the North Building at the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean in Santiago Report of the Secretary-General Summary In section V of its resolution 72/262 A, the General Assembly approved the scope of work of the project for the renovation of the North Building at the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean in Santiago as it relates to seismic mitigation, took note of the overall scope and estimated maximum project cost, and requested the Secretary-General to refine the proposal and provide a detailed analysis of the range of possible options to meet the objectives described in his report contained in document A/72/367, in particular those relating to energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of the building’s operation. The present report provides an update on the progress made on the project since the previous report of the Secretary-General (A/72/367), including confirmation of the initial seismic design, the establishment of the stakeholders committee as a key aspect of the overall governance structure, the recruitment of the dedicated Project Manager and the sourcing of the independent risk management consultancy services. In addition to the detailed cost analysis, information on several other design objectives of the project is provided, including space efficiency, energy efficiency and accessibility for persons with disabilities. It is recommended that the General Assembly approve the proposed scope, maximum overall cost and implementation strategy for the project; approve the establishment of two temporary positions (Local level) within the dedicated project management team; appropriate an amount of $676,700 for project activities in 2019; and approve the establishment of a multi-year construction-in-progress account for the project. * A/73/150. I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to section V of General Assembly resolution 72/262 A, in which the Assembly approved the scope of work of the project for the renovation of the North Building at the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Santiago as it relates to seismic mitigatio n. The Assembly also requested the Secretary-General to refine the proposal and to present a detailed analysis of the range of possible options to meet the objectives set out in his previous report on the project (A/72/367), in particular those relating to |
境所造成的影响的目标。本报告提供最新资料，说明自秘书长提交上一份报告以来项目取得的进展。 | energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of the building’s operation. The present report provides an update on the progress made since the previous report of the Secretary-General. |
2. 本报告继续按照以前报告的项目目标审查项目。提案的基础是拆除围护结构和改建大楼，重用现有结构，落成一栋符合建筑规范、安全、实用和节能的办公大楼，最终获得一项使用寿命延长 40-50 年的优化资产，有利于提供促进生产力、健康和可持续性的工作环境。拟议的大楼也将为本组织提供最具成本效益的方式来避免长期能源费用，及减少业务和维修费用。 | 2. The project continues to be reviewed in accordance with the previously reported project objectives. The basis of the proposal is to dismantle the envelope and reconstruct the building, reutilizing its current structure, to attain a code -compliant, safe, functional and efficient office building resulting in an optimal asset with a renewed 40–50 years of useful life and that is conducive to a more productive, healthy and sustainable working environment. The proposed building would also provide the Organization with the most cost-effective way to avoid long-term energy costs and would also reduce operational and maintenance costs. |
3. 正如秘书长上一份报告所述，项目包括一个一次性基本建设翻修项目，其 20年期总体拥有成本，与分阶段将大楼局部升级的做法比较，将节省约 15.5%。此外，项目还将建成一栋“净零”1 大楼，可大幅减少(零)能源消费，降低长期维修费用和带来延长大楼使用寿命 40-50 年的额外好处。 | 3. As described in the previous report of the Secretary-General, the project consists of a one-time capital renovation project that would result in a total cost of ownership over a 20-year period that would be approximately 15.5 per cent less costly than a phased, partial upgrade of the building. In addition, the project would provide a “net zero” 1 building, with a significantly reduced (zero) energy consumption, lower ongoing maintenance costs and the added benefit of extending the useful life of the building by 40–50 years. |
4. 拉加经委会积极致力于协助和引领拉加区域和民间社会建造以可持续发展与平等促进经济增长的社会，以实现《2030 年可持续发展议程》。因此，拉加经委会必须发挥表率作用，在能源生产和消费方面按照可持续发展目标 12 和 13 行事，减少排放，奉行拉加经委会负责宣扬的原则，并努力通过在北楼采用高效益技术设计支持可持续发展目标。 | 4. ECLAC is highly committed to assisting and leading the region and civil society in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through the construction of societies whose economic growth is based on sustainable development and equality. It is thus vital for ECLAC to lead by example and be consistent with Sustainable Development Goals 12 and 13, as a producer and consumer of energy, by reducing emissions, following the principles that the Commission is mandated to address and seeking to support the Goals through the implementation of beneficial technological features in the North Building. |
5. 北楼翻修项目将建成一栋净零大楼，符合智利政府的 2050 年能源政策，因为项目遵守可持续性和社会包容标准，并逐步实现有效利用和为工业和公共用途生产低成本能源以影响经济生产和增长的目标。2050 年能源政策符合《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》原则 10 和《2030 年议程》的相关可持续发展目标。目前正在进行初步会谈，商讨经济部属下的智利生产力促进公司提供的支持。 | 5. The North Building renovation project, leading to a net zero building, would be consistent with the 2050 energy policy of the Government of Chile, by complying with criteria on sustainability and social inclusion and moving towards an efficient use and production of low-cost energy for industry and public use, thus having an impact on economic production and growth. The 2050 energy policy is aligned with Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the relevant Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. Initial talks to consider support from the Corporation for the Promotion of Productivity of Chile, under the Ministry of the Economy, are being undertaken. |
6. 本报告概述了迄今开展的项目规划和有关行动，并介绍了关于以下各方面的最新情况：(a) 项目治理，包括利益攸关方委员会和其工作组以及纽约秘书处的中央支助事务厅的作用；(b) 项目管理小组；(c) 项目效益；(d) 空间利用和现有大楼评估；(e) 有关临时周转空间的进展；(f) 对项目节能构件的详细分析；及(g) 根据实际最新预测和最新调查、分析和设计信息订正的总体费用估计数(见附件一)。本报告还提供资料，说明项目经理人(本国干事)的征聘情况和迄今的实际支出。 | 6. The present report summarizes the planning and related actions for the project to date and presents an update on: (a) the project governance, including the stakeholders committee and its working groups and the role of the Office of Central Support Services of the Secretariat in New York; (b) the project management team; (c) the project benefits; (d) space utilization and the current building assessment; (e) progress concerning temporary swing space; (f) a detailed analysis of the project’s energy efficiency components; and (g) an updated overall cost estimate (see annex I) based on actual updated projections and the latest surveys, analysis and design information. The report also provides information on the status of recruitment of the Project Manager (National Officer) and actual expenditure to date. |
二. 项目目标、效益和核心制约因素 | II. Project objectives, benefits and core constraints |
A. 目标 | A. Objectives |
7. 在最初拟定项目计划时订立的主要项目目标与秘书长关于基本建设战略审查的报告(A/68/733)所提出的主要目标相符。本项目的目标是： | 7. The main project objectives established at the inception of the project plan are in line with the key objectives outlined in the report of the Secretary-General on the strategic capital review (A/68/733). The project objectives are: |
(a) 符合有关健康和安全问题的国际规范，包括： | (a) To meet international codes related to health and safety issues, including the following: |
㈠ 现行当地防震法规有关备灾和防震设计的规定；㈡ 有关防火和人身安全的规划和系统设计，纳入现行疏散标准以及空气、 | (i) Prevailing local seismic code related to preparedness and design against potential seismic events; |
㈡ 有关防火和人身安全的规划和系统设计，纳入现行疏散标准以及空气、水和照明质量标准以符合现行规范，并装置灭火、火灾报警和公共广播系统； | (ii) Fire and life safety planning and systems design, incorporating current evacuation standards and air, water and lighting quality criteria to conform to current norms, together with fire suppression, fire alarm and public address systems; |
㈢ 纳入适当的设计形式以增加无障碍环境和让残疾人能够在工作环境中 | (iii) Incorporation of appropriate design features to increase accessibility and allow persons with disabilities to freely participate in the working environment; |
(b) 北楼能耗量比现有条件下的能耗量减少 40%，为此更新过时的主要建筑系统，包括机械、电力、低压配电、管道、输送和垂直运输系统，以达到行业标准和符合建筑规范，并延长北楼使用寿命； | (b) To reduce the North Building’s energy consumption by 40 per cent as compared with existing conditions, by modernizing outdated major building systems, including mechanical, electrical, low-voltage, plumbing, conveyor and vertical transportation systems, so as to meet industry standards and code compliance and extend the building’s useful life; |
(c) 自行生产 100%北楼的能源需求量，为此安装独立光伏发电厂，作为项目的部分工程。发电厂还将超需生产电力，以输送至园地内其他建筑或送回电网。 | (c) To self-generate 100 per cent of the North Building’s energy requirements by installing an off-the-grid photovoltaic plant as part of the project. This plant will also generate a surplus amount of energy that will be redirected to the other buildings on campus or sent back to the grid. It is important to note that the city of Santiago presents very favourable environmental conditions for this system, with an average of 89 per cent sunny days annually; |
(d) 最大限度地减少残余生活废物，为此建造一个生活废水处理厂，以清洁和回收 100%北楼的废水以用于灌溉，从而优化淡水资源的使用； | (d) To minimize the residual sanitary waste by implementing a sanitary water treatment plant that would allow cleaning and reuse of 100 per cent of the wastewater from the North Building for irrigation purposes, optimizing the use of freshwater resources; |
(e) 改善有关室内环境质量的条件，为此采用下列战略为所有人创造高效和健康的环境：㈠ 安装以节能供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)设备组成的改良通风系统， | (e) To improve conditions relating to indoor space quality, creating a productive and healthy environment for all by applying the following strategies: |
健康的环境：㈠ 安装以节能供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)设备组成的改良通风系统，并辅之以被动战略(调光控制、节能幕墙和自然通风)，以按照健康标准确保良好的空气质量和温度条件；㈡ 改进照明条件，以着重利用自然光线的开放公共空 | (i) installation of an enhanced ventilation system composed of high efficiency heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment, complemented with passive strategies (solar control, efficient facade and natural ventilation), that ensures good air quality and temperature conditions according to health standards; |
的空气质量和温度条件；㈡ 改进照明条件，以着重利用自然光线的开放公共空间的空间布局来配合能耗量低的节能照明系统设计； | (ii) improving lighting conditions by complementing the design of a low consumption, high efficiency lighting system with a space layout that prioritizes open and public spaces located in relation to natural lighting; |
(f) 提高空间使用效率，为此最大限度地利用现有的工作空间、会议设施和会议室，并实施有助于提高效率、生产力和包容性的工作环境，包括采用按需求提供的做法，并力求为拉加经委会各种不同工作需要提供各种适当空间，以及为各具体领域采用不同做法和解决方案； | (f) To improve space usage efficiency by maximizing the use of availablework areas, conference facilities and meeting rooms, and introduce a more efficient, productive and inclusive work environment by applying a needs-based approach and aiming to provide various types of space tailored to diverse working requirements in ECLAC, including different approaches and solutions for each specific area; |
(g) 按照有关残疾人无障碍环境的现行当地和国际规范纳入适当的设计形式，让残疾人能够在工作环境中自由参与。北楼项目以无障碍进出作为其设计和建筑的一个基本组成部分。 | (g) To incorporate appropriate design features to allow persons with disabilities to freely participate within the working environment, complying with prevailing local and international codes related to accessibility for persons with disabilities. The North Building project incorporates universal accessibility as a fundamental part of its design and architecture. |
B. 效益 | B. Benefits |
8. 秘书长在其上一份报告指出，北楼翻修项目的目的是按照现行当地规范和行业标准向拉加经委会提供安全的工作环境，在一座健康和节能的建筑物内，提供创新、高效和包容的工作场所，以支持拉加经委会在在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的任务。项目采用的建筑和技术战略有助于在能源效率、能源生产和废水处理方面达到较高标准，从而减少温室气体排放。这些战略包括： | 8. As outlined in the previous report of the Secretary-General, the purpose of the North Building renovation project is to provide ECLAC with a safe working environment according to prevailing local codes and industry standards, within a healthy and efficient building that provides an innovative, productive and inclusive workplace to support the mission of ECLAC in Latin America and the Caribbean. The project incorporates both architectural and technological strategies to achieve high standards for energy efficiency, energy generation and wastewater treatment, with the consequent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, as described below: |
(a) 在能源消费方面，预计更换陈旧、低能效系统和利用节能建筑构件将改善大楼的总体能耗绩效。根据对北楼实际运作数据的分析和对节能建筑构件和低 | (a) With respect to energy consumption, it is projected that the replacement of obsolete, low performance systems and the utilization of high efficiency construction components will improve the Building’s overall energy consumption performance. Based on the analysis of actual operational data of the North Building and digital simulations of efficient building components and low consumption systems, it is estimated that a 40 per cent reduction in the North Building’s current electrical loads will be achieved; |
(b) 作为项目节能战略的一部分，并考虑到圣地亚哥的地理和气候条件，项目范围包括在北楼屋顶建造一个 2 000 平方米的光伏电厂，预计每年可生产约478 608 千瓦小时电量，相当于北楼用电量的 115%。剩余电量(15%)将输送至园 | (b) As part of the high efficiency strategy of the project, and taking into consideration geographical and weather conditions in Santiago, part of the project scope is the construction of a 2,000 m2 photovoltaic plant on top of the North Building that would generate approximately 478,608 kilowatt-hours of electricity a year, which is equivalent to 115 per cent of the North Building’s electrical load. This energy surplus (15 per cent) will be redirected, within the campus, to the electrical systems of other buildings, generating additional savings in the overall operational costs of the campus; |
(c) 作为水资源优化进程的一部分，并考虑到由于智利长期存在季节性干旱问题，水是稀缺的昂贵资源，所以水的回用有很大的价值而且可以向广大民众发出一个重要信息。拉加经委会已在园地用水的供应、处理和回用方面实施了重要举措。这包括在 2017 年修建一口 170 米深，能够提供 100%拉加经委会水需求量的水井。北楼项目设计包括建造一个废水处理厂，回用 100%北楼废水于灌溉用途。预测显示年度回收水量估计为 1 760 立方米，足以提供拉加经委会 21 500 平方米园地约 57%的灌溉所需用水； | (c) As part of a water resource optimization process and taking into consideration that water is a scarce and costly resource in Chile, wher e seasonal droughts are a perennial problem, the reuse of water is of significant value and sends an important message to the population at large. ECLAC has already implemented important initiatives for the supply, treatment and reuse of water within the c ampus. This includes the construction, during 2017, of a water well with a depth of 170 m that is capable of supplying 100 per cent of water requirements at ECLAC. The North Building project design incorporates the construction of a wastewater treatment pl ant that will reuse 100 per cent of the North Building’s wastewater for irrigation purposes. Projections show an estimated annual volume of 1,760 m3 of recycled water, which would supply approximately 57 per cent of the irrigation requirements of the 21,500 m2 grounds of the ECLAC campus; |
(d) 考虑到大会在其第 70/205 和 71/228 号决议中请秘书长计划重大行动将可持续发展做法纳入联合国业务活动和设施管理，项目将实施节能和光伏发电措施，预计北楼的年度温室气体排放量可因此减少至相当于 104.7 吨二氧化碳。这一减排量相当于10.4%与设施有关的年度温室气体排放总量(986.34吨二氧化碳)。 | (d) The project takes into account General Assembly resolutions 70/205 and 71/228, in which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to plan significant actions aimed at integrating sustainable development practices into United Nations operations and facilities management, as the project will implement energy efficiency and photovoltaic energy generation, which will result in a projected reduction of the North Building’s annual greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 104.7 tons of carbon dioxide. This reduction is equivalent to 10.4 per cent of the total annual facilities-related emissions of greenhouse gas (986.34 tons of carbon dioxide). |
C. 核心制约因素 | C. Core constraints |
9. 正如秘书长在上一份报告所述，北楼项目时间表包括表 1 所示四个阶段。为了使各个阶段得以按照提议的时间表进行，项目范围和实施计划需得到大会的核准。项目时间表的拖延将导致总预算每年增加 5%。 | 9. As presented in the previous report of the Secretary-General, the North Building’s project schedule consists of four phases as shown in table 1. For these phases to proceed in accordance with the proposed timeline, the project scope and implementation plan would need approval by the General Assembly. A delay in the project schedule would result in a yearly 5 per cent escalation in the overall budget. |
表 1 | Table 1 |
项目阶段 | Project phases |
阶段 年份 | Phase Year |
设计 2019 | Design 2019 |
招标 2020 | Tender 2020 |
施工 2021-2022 | Construction 2021–2022 |
交付使用和收尾 2023 | Commissioning and closeout 2023 |
10. 内部监督事务厅(监督厅)在审核拉加经委会基本建设翻修项目管理的报告(报告编号 2018/046)中就建筑项目的采购活动评论指出，对采购计划的执行监测不足可能会延误项目，导致成本超支和虚耗拉加经委会财政资源。关于为每个项目阶段和需求建立一项采购战略的做法，已经在中央支助事务厅的技术指导和监督下，在治理结构内定期举行相关行为体全体参加的协调会议。 | 10. In its audit of the management of capital renovation projects at ECLAC (report number 2018/046), the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) commented concerning the procurement activities for the construction project that inadequate monitoring of the implementation of the acquisition plan could delay the project and lead to cost overruns and ineffective use of ECLAC financial resources. With regard to establishing a procurement strategy for each of the project phases and requirements, periodic coordination meetings have been held with the participation of all related actors within the governance structure and with the technical guidance and oversight of the Office of Central Support Services. |
11. 目前正在协调征聘所需人力资源，以避免任何可能拖延实现项目目标的情况。 | 11. Recruitment of the necessary human resources is being coordinated so as to avoid any possible delays in accomplishing the project objectives. |
三. 项目治理和团队结构 | III. Project governance and team structure |
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