zh
stringlengths 1
4.19k
| en
stringlengths 1
3.42k
|
|---|---|
17. 有关的内陆和过境发展中国家应维持规章和体制方面的改革 以便在国家和区域一级使过境运输系统现代化及提高其工作效率 国际社会应支持这些努力 | 17. Regulatory and institutional reforms undertaken to modernize and improve the efficient working of transit transport systems at the national and regional level should be maintained by the landlocked and transit developing countries concerned. The international community should support these efforts. |
18. 应鼓励公营和私营部门加强人的能力 发展伙伴应鼓励外国直接投资帮助提高内陆和过境发展中国家的专业和管理技能 外国直接投资应支持建立公营部门的能力 以促进经济发展 | 18. Human capacity-building for both the public and private sector should be encouraged. Development partners should encourage foreign direct investment to contribute to the upgrading of professional and managerial skills of the private sector in landlocked and transit developing countries. ODA should support public sector capacity-building in order to promote economic development. |
19. 贸发会议应根据其任务规定协助实施上述建议和 内陆和过境发展中国家与捐助界间过境运输合作全球框架 | 19. UNCTAD should assist in accordance with its mandate the implementation of the above recommendations and the Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation between Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and the Donor Community. |
20. 贸发会议的技术合作方案 包括海关数据输入 控制和管理自动化系统 货物信息预报系统和贸易点 都已对改善内陆发展中国家及其邻接的过境国的过境运输作出重要的贡献 它们应继续适当地优先考虑这些国家 尤其是适当优先考虑尚未从此种方案获得利益的国家 贸发国家还应在有关国家提出要求时 就有关内陆和过境发展中国家的运输组织问题进行新的个案研究 并向下次会议提出报告 | 20. UNCTAD’s technical cooperation programmes, including the Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA), the Advance Cargo Information System (ACIS), and Trade Point, which had made important contributions to the improvement of transit transport in landlocked developing countries and their transit neighbours, should continue to accord due priority to this group of countries, particularly to regions that have not yet benefited from such programmes. UNCTAD should also undertake new specific case studies, at the request of concerned States, on issues relating to transport organization in landlocked and transit developing countries and report thereon to the next Meeting. |
21. 国际社会 包括捐助国以及金融和发展机构应加强支持国家 双边和次区域级的基础设施及过境运输项目和方案 包括向全部问题在一处解决的边界站提供适当的财政和技术支助 改进提供经费的方式和采用新的融资设施 例如共同融资 银行间的放款和保证金 | 21. The international community, including donor countries and financial and development institutions should strengthen their support for national, bilateral and subregional infrastructure and transit transport projects and programmes, including through the provision of adequate financial and technical support to one-stop borders post, as well as through improving current financing modalities and introduction of new facilities, such as co-financing, bank-to-bank loans, guaranties. |
22. 会议建议在 2003 年召开一个内陆和过境发展中国家和捐助国部长及国际金融和发展机构代表关于过境运输合作的国际会议 以强调建立有效率的过境运输系统的重要性 要求贸发会议秘书处 在世界银行 各区域开发银行及其他有关国际和区域组织的合作下 为该会议进行实质性和组织性的筹备工作应在所有主要的利益攸关者 包括私营部门的适当参与下在次区域一级和区域一级进行适当的筹备 在这方面 会议对哈萨克斯坦政府表示愿意担任会议的 | 22. The Meeting recommended that an International Ministerial Meeting of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries, and Representatives of International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation be convened in 2003 in order to give emphasis to the development of efficient transit transport systems. The UNCTAD secretariat, in cooperation with the World Bank, regional development banks and other relevant international and regional organizations, is requested to provide substantive and organizational preparations for the meeting. Appropriate preparations should be undertaken at the subregional and regional levels with the appropriate involvement of all major stakeholders, including private sector. In this context, the meeting welcomed the generous offer made by the Government of Kazakhstan to host the meeting. |
23. 会议深为赞赏地注意到日本政府对本次会议的组织提供了慷慨的财务捐助这项捐助使内陆发展中国家的国家专家和顾问得以参加会议 他们对会议能够有高质的讨论和成果作出了重要的贡献 | 23. The Meeting noted with deep appreciation the generous financial contribution made by the Government of Japan to the organization of the current Meeting. This had made possible the participation of national experts from landlocked developing countries and resource persons, which contributed significantly to the quality of the deliberations and the outcome of the Meeting. |
正应只对原文提出。更正应作在印发的记录上，由有关的代表团成员一人署名，送交逐字记录处处长(U-0506) ([email protected])。更正后的记录将以电子文本方式在联合国正式文件系统(http://documents.un.org)上重发。 | This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches delivered in other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room U-0506 ([email protected]). Corrected records will be reissued electronically on the Official Document System of the United Nations (http://documents.un.org). |
联合国 S/PV.7589 | United Nations S/PV.7589 |
立陶宛. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 包布利斯先生 | Jordan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mrs. Kawar |
立陶宛. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 包布利斯先生马来西亚. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 阿德宁夫人新西兰. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 范博希曼先生尼日利亚. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 奥格武夫人俄罗斯联邦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 萨夫龙科夫先生西班牙. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 奥亚尔顺•马切西先生大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 威尔逊先生委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 拉米雷斯•卡雷尼奥先生 | Lithuania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Baublys |
委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 拉米雷斯•卡雷尼奥先生 | Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mrs. Adnin |
委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 拉米雷斯•卡雷尼奥先生 | Nigeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mrs. Ogwu |
伊拉克局势 | The situation concerning Iraq |
2015年12月11日伊拉克常驻联合国代表给安全理事会主席的信(S/2015/963) | Letter dated 11 December 2015 from the Permanent Representative of Iraq to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/2015/963) |
下午6时45分开会。 | The meeting was called to order at 6.45 p.m. |
通过议程 | Adoption of the agenda |
议程通过。 | The agenda was adopted. |
2015年12月11日伊拉克常驻联合国代表给安全理事会主席的信(S/2015/963) | The situation concerning Iraq Letter dated 11 December 2015 from the Permanent Representative of Iraq to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/2015/963) |
主席（以英语发言）：根据安理会暂行议事规则第37条，我邀请伊拉克和土耳其代表参加本次会议。 | The President: In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of Iraq and Turkey to participate in this meeting. |
我代表安理会欢迎伊拉克外交部长易卜拉欣·贾法里先生阁下。 | On behalf of the Council, I welcome His Excellency Mr. Ibrahim Al-Jaafari, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq. |
根据安理会暂行议事规则第39条，我邀请主管政治事务副秘书长杰弗里·费尔特曼先生参加本次会议。 | In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Mr. Jeffrey Feltman, Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, to participate in this meeting. |
安全理事会现在开始审议其议程上的项目。 | The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. |
我谨提请安理会成员注意文件S/2015/963，其中载有2015年12月11日伊拉克常驻联合国代表给安全理事会主席的信。 | I wish to draw the attention of Council members to document S/2015/963, which contains a letter dated 11 December 2015 from the Permanent Representative of Iraq to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council. |
我现在请费尔特曼先生发言。 | I now give the floor to Mr. Feltman. |
费尔特曼先生（以英语发言）：自从12月8日助理秘书长米罗斯拉夫·延恰就土耳其在伊拉克北部部署军队一事向安全理事会作闭门通报以来，巴格达和安卡拉就这一问题举行了高级双边讨论。 | Mr. Feltman: Since the closed-door briefing to the Security Council on 8 December by Assistant Secretary-General Miroslav Jenča on the Turkish troop deployment in northern Iraq, Baghdad and Ankara have held high-level bilateral discussions on the issue. |
12月10日，伊拉克总理海德尔·阿巴迪先生会见了一个土耳其高级代表团。受土耳其总理阿赫梅特·达武特奥卢先生指派的这个代表团由土耳其外交部副部长和国家情报局副局长率领。阿巴迪总理在会谈后重申了先前关于这一事项的声明，指出“解决这场危机的唯一办法是土耳其军队完全撤出伊拉克领土”。据达武特奥卢先生所说，该特派团同意“重新安排土耳其安全部队的军事人员”。 | On 10 December, the Prime Minister of Iraq, Mr. Haider Al Abadi, met with a senior Turkish delegation. Dispatched by the Prime Minister of Turkey, Mr. Ahmet Davutoğlu, the delegation was headed by the Turkish Under-Secretary of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Under-Secretary of the National Intelligence Service. Prime Minister Al Abadi stated after the meeting that he had reiterated earlier statements on the matter, and said that “the only way to resolve the crisis is the full withdrawal of Turkish troops from Iraqi territory”. The delegation had, according to Mr. Davutoğlu, agreed “to rearrange the military personnel of the Turkish security force”. |
12月10日，土耳其总统埃尔多安在一次新闻发布会上指出，“根据自由斗士受训人数的多少，［土耳其］士兵的人数会有增减”。第二天，12月11日阿巴迪总理发表声明，他已指示伊拉克外交部“就土耳其入侵”向安全理事会“提出正式控诉”。同一天，秘书处收到伊拉克外长易卜拉欣·贾法里先生2015年12月11日的信，要求安全理事会“命令土耳其立即撤出其军队，并以一切可用手段确保这些部队立即无条件地撤到国际公认的两国边界”。 | On 10 December, Turkish President Erdogan stated at a news conference that “the number of [Turkish] soldiers might increase or decrease depending on the number of Peshmerga being trained”. The following day, on 11 December, Prime Minister Al Abadi issued a statement that he had instructed the Iraqi Ministry for Foreign Affairs “to submit a formal complaint... on the Turkish incursion” to the Security Council. On the same day, the Secretariat received a letter from the Iraqi Foreign Minister, Mr. Ibrahim Al-Jaafari, dated 11 December 2015, calling on the Security Council “to order Turkey to withdraw its forces immediately and to ensure, by all available means, that those forces retreat immediately and unconditionally to the internationally recognized border of the two countries”. |
也是在12月11日，伊拉克总理再次就这一局势发表声明，重申了他的政府的立场。总理在声明中重申，“［伊拉克的］行动不针对兄弟睦邻的土耳其人民”。 | Also on 11 December, the Prime Minister of Iraq issued another statement on the situation and reiterated the position of his Government. In his statement, the Prime Minister reaffirmed “that [Iraq’s] actions are not directed against the brotherly and neighbourly Turkish people”. |
12月14日，土耳其公开宣布，作为重新安排的一部分，它最近进入伊拉克的一些部队已开始离开巴希加地区。根据土耳其总参谋部12月16日的声明，从伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国控制阵地发射的火箭弹击中位于伊拉克北部巴希加的训练基地，两名伊拉克人被打死，四名土耳其士兵受伤。 | On 14 December, Turkey publicly announced that some of its troops that had recently entered Iraq had begun leaving the Bashiqa area as part of a rearrangement. According to a 16 December statement from the Turkish General Staff, two Iraqis were killed and four Turkish troops were wounded when the training base in Bashiqa in northern Iraq was targeted by rocket fire from positions under the control of the Ilamic State in Iraq and the Levant. |
秘书长重申，他希望伊拉克和土耳其政府实行克制，包括在其公开声明中，并为缓解紧张局势加紧进行双边讨论。他希望，双方将尽快努力达成双边协议。在这方面，秘书长伊拉克问题特别代表扬·库比什先生为讨论这一局势同伊拉克政府和土耳其外交代表进行了积极接触。秘书长敦促所有参与在伊拉克打击伊黎伊斯兰国的会员国，以符合《联合国宪章》并尊重伊拉克主权和领土完整的方式这样做。 | The Secretary-General reiterates his hope that the Governments of Iraq and Turkey will exercise restraint, including in their public statements, and intensify their bilateral discussions to defuse tensions. He hopes that both sides will work towards reaching a mutual agreement as soon as possible. In that context, the Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Iraq, Mr. Ján Kubiš, has been actively engaging the Government of Iraq and Turkish diplomatic representatives to discuss the situation. The Secretary-General urges all Member States involved in the fight against ISIL in Iraq to do so in manner that is consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and that respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq. |
主席（以英语发言）：我感谢费尔特曼先生的通报。 | The President: I thank Mr. Feltman for his briefing. |
我现在请伊拉克外交部长发言。 | I now give the floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq. |
贾法里先生（伊拉克）（以阿拉伯语发言）：首先，请允许我祝贺美国担任安理会本月份主席并努力以透明的方式组织和开展安理会的工作。我欢迎有机会就土耳其部队未征得伊拉克政府同意即在伊拉克领土上参与行动一事向秘书处和会员国作通报。 | Mr. Al-Jaafari (Iraq) (spoke in Arabic): At the outset, allow me to congratulate the United States on assuming the presidency of the Council for this month and on its efforts to organize and conduct the work of the Council in a transparent manner. I welcome this opportunity to brief the Secretariat and the Member States on the engagement of the Turkish troops in Iraqi territory without the consent of the Iraqi Government. |
争正处于高度敏感期之际，12月3日土耳其军队，估计有数百名士兵带着一些装甲车、坦克和大炮，未征得伊拉克联邦政府的正式许可，渗入伊拉克北部纵深110公里处。这一行动严重侵犯了伊拉克主权并违反了《联合国宪章》第二条关于友好睦邻关系、相互尊重和不干涉会员国内政的国际法原则。 | Amid heightened global sensitivity regarding the fight against the terrorist wave that has hit most parts of the world, on 3 December Turkish forces, estimated at hundreds of soldiers with a number of armoured vehicles, tanks and artilleries, penetrated northern Iraq to the depth of 110 kilometres without the official permission of the Iraqi federal authorities. This constitutes a serious violation of Iraqi sovereignty and the principles of international law relating to good-neighbourly relations, mutual respect and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States, in accordance with Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations. |
伊拉克不能接受土耳其官员向媒体发表的为其侵犯主权邻国边界进行辩解的论点。根据既定国际条例和准则，这类军事行动属于敌对行动。伊拉克拒绝任何在伊拉克联邦当局不知情和未事先批准的情况下采取的反恐性质的军事行动。伊拉克在以前写给安全理事会的信中表明了这一点，并在2015年12月11日给安全理事会主席的信(S/2015/963，附件）中再次予以重申。 | The arguments presented to the media by Turkish officials to justify their violation of the borders of a sovereign neighbouring State are unacceptable to Iraq. Such military movements constitute a hostile act under established international rules and norms. Iraq rejects any military movements of a counter-terrorist nature without the knowledge and prior approval of the Iraqi federal authorities. Iraq has previously made this clear in its letters to the Security Council, which were reaffirmed again in a letter to the President of the Security Council dated 11 December 2015 (S/2015/963, annex). |
尽管伊拉克欢迎国际社会努力协助伊拉克与占领一些伊拉克城市的达伊沙作斗争，但伊拉克拒绝任何对其主权的损害。在国际联盟框架内的反恐行动必须让伊拉克联邦政府知道并要经过与伊拉克武装部队的协商，而且要充分尊重《伊拉克宪法》条款以及全国当选政府的意愿和参与。 | While Iraq welcomes the efforts of the international community and its assistance to Iraq in its battle against Daesh, which controls some Iraqi cities, Iraq rejects any prejudice to its sovereignty. Counter-terrorism operations within the framework of the international coalition must be made with the knowledge of the Iraqi federal Government and after consultations with the Iraqi armed forces, and in full respect for the provisions of the Iraqi Constitution and the will and inclusivity of the elected national Government. |
如不解决对伊拉克主权的任何侵犯行为，将鼓励其他国家侵犯其安全和领土完整。伊拉克不遗余力地通过所有外交渠道同土耳其进行双边谈判，以说服该国从伊拉克撤出未经授权的部队。12月6日，外交部在巴格达召见土耳其大使，向他提出正式抗议，要求土耳其政府发表声明，澄清土耳其军队入侵的情况和背景。巴格达还接待了一个土耳其代表团，表明必须撤回未征得伊拉克联邦政府同意并与其协调即进入我国的土耳其军队。 | Failure to address any violation against Iraq’s sovereignty will encourage other violations of its security and territorial integrity by other counties. Iraq has spared no effort and exhausted all diplomatic channels and bilateral negotiations with Turkey in order to persuade that country to withdraw its unauthorized forces from Iraq. On 6 December, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs summoned the Turkish Ambassador in Baghdad and presented him with an official protest, demanding that the Turkish Government issue a statement clarifying the circumstances and background of the incursion of the Turkish troops. Baghdad also received a delegation from Turkey and made it clear that Turkish troops that had entered the country without the consent of and coordination with the Iraqi federal Government must be withdrawn. |
土耳其代表团原则上同意撤军，但要求给它时间在返回安卡拉之后宣布撤军。我们感到惊讶的是，该代表团拒绝撤出这些军队以停止对伊拉克主权和安全的严重侵犯，这粗暴违反了《联合国宪章》原则和国际法规定以及安全理事会有关决议。由于伊拉克致力于对维护国际和平与安全负有独特责任的安全理事会所代表的国际法框架，伊拉克请安理会承担《联合国宪章》赋予的国际法律责任，通过一项作出下列规定的清楚和明确的决议。 | The Turkish delegation agreed in principle to withdraw, but asked for time to declare the withdtrawal after its return to Ankara. We were surprised that the delegation refused to withdraw those troops so as to end this serious violation of Iraqi sovereignty and security, which represents a flagrant violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the provisions of international law and the relevant Security Council resolutions. As Iraq is committed to the framework of international legitimacy represented by the Security Council, which has a unique responsibility in the maintenance of international peace and security, Iraq requests the Council to assume its international legal responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations and to adopt a clear and explicit resolution with the following provisions. |
首先，安理会必须谴责土耳其违反《联合国宪章》的规则和规定，违背一个联合国创始会员国 －伊拉克——的意愿，实施占领和非法入侵。第二，安理会必须要求土耳其立即撤军，并以一切可能的手段和措施，确保土耳其立即、无条件地撤回国际公认的两国边界。安理会还必须确保不再发生此种单方面行动，这种行动破坏国际关系，加剧本地区教派和民族紧张关系，并让区域和国际安全面临重大风险。 | First, it must condemn the Turkish occupation and the illegal incursion against the will of a founding State Member of the United Nations — the State of Iraq — in breach of the rules and provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the norms of international law. Secondly, it must demand that Turkey withdraw its troops immediately and ensure, by all available means and measures, their immediate and unconditional withdrawal to the internationally recognized borders between the two countries. It must also ensure the non-recurrence of such unilateral actions, which undermine international relations, exacerbate sectarian and nationalist tensions in the region, and expose regional and international security to significant risks. |
我们将伊拉克的安全、统一和领土完整交托给安理会，安理会在其所有决议中都强调，根据《联合国宪章》第五十一条规定，会员国、包括伊拉克如遭受武装侵略，有权实施个别或集体自卫。伊拉克将采取一切必要措施，制止这种敌对行为，这种行为是对友好睦邻关系的侮辱，是对国际和平与安全的威胁。 | We entrust the security, unity and territorial integrity of Iraq to the Council, which has stressed, in all of its resolutions, the inherent right of Member States, including Iraq, to individual or collective self-defence, in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter of The situation concerning Iraq 18/12/2015 United Nations, should it be subject to armed attack. Iraq will take all necessary measures to end such hostile acts, which are an affront to good-neighbourly relations and threaten international peace and security. |
主席（以英语发言）：我现在请土耳其代表发言。 | The President: I now give the floor to the representative of Turkey. |
切维克先生（土耳其）（以英语发言）：我们本来希望不要在国际社会正调动一切资源来击溃达伊沙之时召开这次会议。我们可以向在座各位保证，在安理会着手处理这一事项之前，我们已经不遗余力，争取以双边方式处理此事。边界的不可侵犯、维护国家的领土完整和政治统是土耳其外交政策的主要原则。因为我们极为敏感地处理涉及我们本国主权和领土完整的事务，所以，我们对待别国的方式正是己所不欲，勿施于人。这些原则适用于伊拉克，甚至更甚于任何其他国家。事实上，我们以往对伊拉克主权和领土完整的敏感做法，甚至导致了我国与我们一些最亲密盟友和合作伙伴的紧张关系。土耳其和伊拉克有着牢不可破的纽带。在历 | Mr. Çevik (Turkey): We would have preferred this meeting to take place at a time other than when the international community is mobilizing all its resources to defeat Daesh. We can assure all present that Turkey has spared no effort to solve this matter bilaterally before it was taken up by the Security Council. The inviolability of borders, the preservation of territorial integrity and the political unity of States are the main principles of Turkey’s foreign policy. Because we are extremely sensitive in matters concerning our own sovereignty and territorial integrity, we treat others the way we want to be treated. Those principles apply to Iraq more than to any country. In fact, our sensitivities concerning Iraq’s sovereignty and territorial integrity have in the past even created tensions in our relations with some of our closest allies and partners. |
土耳其和伊拉克有着牢不可破的纽带。在历史上、地理上和文化上，我们有着共同的过去，并期待着我们共同的未来。伊拉克需要友邦来帮助它刻不容缓地战胜达伊沙。土耳其就是其中之一。目前，土耳其收容了近50万伊拉克人。他们的人道主义需求是土耳其政府来满足的。我们还继续向伊拉克以及我们在库尔德地区政府控制地带设立的三个营地发送人道主义援助物品，这三个营地收容了近4000名境内流离失所者。只有击败达伊沙，才能可持续地结束伊拉克境内地悲剧。这方面的关键步骤是加强伊拉克军队的能力，包括通过军事训练来提高其能力。 | Turkey and Iraq are linked by unbreakable bonds. Historically, geographically and culturally, we share a common past and we look forward to our common future. Iraq needs friends to help it defeat Daesh without delay. Turkey is one of them. Turkey is currently hosting almost 500,000 Iraqis. All their humanitarian needs are being met by the Turkish Government. We also continue to dispatch humanitarian assistance to Iraq and to the three camps that we have built in the area under the control of the Kurdistan Regional Government, hosting nearly 40,000 internally displaced persons. A sustainable end to the tragedy in Iraq can be achieved only by defeating Daesh. The critical step in that regard is to raise the military capability of Iraqi forces, including through military training. |
自从达伊沙开始占领摩苏尔以来，土耳其就一直向伊拉克提供军事援助。这种援助是在各个层面提供的，其中之一就是摩苏尔Bashiqa的一个训练营。我们经伊拉克政府请求，与地方当局设立了这个训练营。在Bashiqa，土耳其军方人员训练伊拉克志愿人员，他们将成为摩苏尔国民卫队的核心成员。早在2014年，伊拉克军队就失去了安巴尔和摩苏尔当地民众的信任，而且显然无意作战。这导致2014年6月摩苏尔抵抗达伊沙的防卫战迅速崩溃。当时，我们大家商定要组建国民卫队。关于没人注意到土耳其在伊拉克境内开展军事训练活动的说法，很难让人接受。我们曾在不同的场合就此通告了我们的合作伙伴和伊拉克官员。由于我方在Bashiqa的军事人员日益受到威胁，我们决定增强我国在该营地部队的保护部门。不幸的是，这个问题已经被断章取义，派出部队的人数被夸大。考虑到伊拉克方面的关切，土耳其立即采步骤缓解局势。在这方面，我们立即停止了所有进一步对Bashiqa增兵的做法。12月5日，土 | Turkey has extended military assistance to Iraq since the beginning of the Daesh occupation of Mosul. That has been taking place at various levels, one being the training camp in Bashiqa, Mosul. We set up that camp in conjunction with the local authorities and upon the request of the Iraqi Government. In Bashiqa, members of the Turkish military have been training Iraqi volunteers who will constitute the core of the Mosul national guard. Back in 2014, the Iraqi Army did not have the trust of the local population in Anbar or Mosul, and it was apparently very reluctant to fight. That led to a rapid collapse of the defence against Daesh in Mosul in June 2014. At that time, we all agreed on the formation of the national guard units. It is hard to accept the notion that Turkey’s military training efforts in Iraq have gone unnoticed. We have informed our partners and Iraqi officials of it on various occasions. Owing to the increasing threats to our military personnel in Bashiqa, we decided to reinforce the force protection component of our units in the camp. |
了所有进一步对Bashiqa增兵的做法。12月5日，土耳其国防部长与其伊拉克对应方进行了交谈，向他保证，在伊拉克政府的关切获得解答之前，不进一步对Bashiqa增派兵力。12月6日，阿赫梅特·达武特奥卢外长就此事致函其对应方海达尔 •阿尔阿巴迪，明确解释了我国在Bashiqa的军事人员的作用和职能。12月8日，达武特奥卢外长与其伊拉克对应方作了交谈，向其详细解释指出，我国在Bashiqa的军事人员没有受权发挥任何作战作用。12月10日，外交部次长和情报局长作为达武特奥总理的特使访问了巴格达，与阿巴迪总理、外交部长贾法里和国防部长奥贝迪进行了广泛的交谈。在这几次会见中，我们重申，我国尊重伊拉克的主权和领土完整。我们还重申了我国决心维持我们对伊拉克政府打击达伊沙斗争所提供的支持。 | Unfortunately, that issue has been taken out of context and the number of troops that was dispatched exaggerated. Taking into consideration the Iraqi side’s concerns, Turkey immediately took steps to de-escalate the matter. In that regard, we immediately stopped all further reinforcements in Bashiqa. On 5 December, our Defence Minister spoke to his Iraqi counterpart and assured him that there would be no further reinforcements in Bashiqa until the concerns of the Iraqi Government were answered. On 6 December, Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu sent a letter to his counterpart, Haidar Al Abadi, on the issue and clearly explained the role and functions of the Turkish personnel in Bashiqa. On 8 December, Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu spoke to his Iraqi counterpart and provided him with a detailed explanation that our military personnel in Bashiqa had not been given any combat role. On 10 December, the Under-Secretary of the Foreign Ministry and the Chief of Intelligence visited Baghdad as special envoys of Prime Minister Davutoğlu and conducted extensive talks with Prime Minister Al Abadi, Foreign Minister Ja-afari and Defence Minister Al-Obeidi. In those meetings, our respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq was reconfirmed. Our determination to maintain the support that we have been providing to the Iraqi Government in its struggle against Daesh was also reaffirmed. |
12月11日，作为我国特使会晤的成果，并考虑到伊拉克政府在这些会见期间提出的关切，总理办公厅发表了一项声明。在声明中，我们宣布土耳其愿意调整我国在Bashiqa军人的人数。发表这项声明之后，我们立即开始重新安排了在Bashiqa的部队人数。12月14日，又有安全人员离开了该营地。人们将会认识到，所有这些缓解局势和达成共同了解的步骤都是土耳其一方采取的，而伊拉克当局却选择通过新闻界来表达自己的立场。 | On 11 December, as a result of the meetings of our envoys and taking into consideration the concerns of the Iraqi Government voiced in those meetings, a statement was issued by the Prime Minister’s office. In that statement, we announced Turkey’s readiness to adjust the number of our military personnel in Bashiqa. After that statement’s release, we immediately began rearranging the number of troops in Bashiqa. The additional security elements there left the camp on 14 December. It will be recognized that all those steps to de-escalate the situation and reach a common understanding have been launched by the Turkish side, The situation concerning Iraq S/PV.7589 while the Iraqi authorities preferred to express their position through the press. |
我们相信，我们采取的措施会足以放下这个问题，而重新集中力量打击达伊沙。我们还认为，我们的声明为伊拉克政府创造了足够的回旋余地，可以执行一个新的机制，讨论我们在安全领域开展合作的各个方面。令人遗憾的是，情况并非如此。从 | We are convinced that the measures we employed would have been sufficient to leave that issue behind and refocus our efforts on fighting Daesh. We also believe that our statements created enough breathing space for the Iraqi Government to implement a new mechanism for discussing all aspects of our cooperation in the area of security. Unfortunately, that has not been the case. |
作的各个方面。令人遗憾的是，情况并非如此。从一开始，我们试图通过双边渠道解决这个问题，因为将这个问题带到各种国际平台，不会起到任何其他作用，而只能破坏国际社会打击达伊沙的团结精神。关于这个问题的种种指控以及试图将其带到各个国际论坛的做法使我们在Bashiqa的部队面临危险。12月16日达伊沙袭击我国部队的行为，证实了 | From the outset, we tried to resolve that matter through bilateral channels, because bringing the issue to various international platforms would serve no other purpose than to undermine the solidarity of the international community against Daesh. |
险。12月16日达伊沙袭击我国部队的行为，证实了土耳其对其驻Bashiqa部队安全的关切。令人遗憾的是，在这次袭击中，两名伊拉克人丧生，另有四人受伤。土耳其军事特遣队的四名成员也受了伤。这次袭击还证实，土耳其决定加强其在该营地的军事存在是有理由的。在伊拉克对我国部队的调动作出反应之后，恰武什奥卢外长立即询问其伊拉克对应方，伊拉克部队是否有能力保护我国军事人员不受达伊沙的袭击。 | The allegations concerning this issue and attempts to bring it before international forums have put our troops in Bashiqa at risk. The Daesh attack on our unit on 16 December substantiated Turkey’s concerns about the safety of its troops in Bashiqa. Unfortunately, two Iraqis were killed in the attack, and four others were wounded. Four members of the Turkish military contingent were also injured. That attack also justified Turkey’s decision to reinforce its military presence in the camp. In the immediate aftermath of Iraq’s reaction against our troop movements, Minister Çavuşoğlu asked his Iraqi counterpart whether the Iraqi Army was capable of protecting our military personnel against Daesh. |
现在，面对有些人质疑土耳其派遣安全部队的意图和必要性，我们要再一次提出这个问题。在我们调离那里的安全分遣队之后，伊拉克部队是否有能力防止袭击我国在Bashiqa的教官的事件？在我们准备召开本次会议之时，土耳其部队实际上为了反击一个恐怖主义组织发动的攻击，而正在保卫伊拉克不受该恐怖组织的攻击，而伊拉克政府却声称土耳其部队存在于Bashiqa而侵犯了伊拉克领土。我们在该训练营的部队摧毁了大约10来个炮兵阵地、指挥所、观察哨所，以及达伊沙可动用的约40辆汽车。伊拉克政府是要我们停止这种行动，撤走吗？ | Now, in response to those who questioned Turkey’s intentions and the necessity of dispatching a security force, we would like to pose that question one more time. Will the Iraqi armed forces be able to prevent attacks against our trainers in Bashiqa after we have relocated the security detachment there? As we prepared for this meeting, Turkish troops, which the Iraqi Government claims have violated the sovereignty of Iraq by their presence in Bashiqa, were actually defending it against a terrorist organization in retaliation to the attacks it launched. Our units in the camp destroyed approximately a dozen artillery positions, command posts, observation posts and approximately 40 vehicles that were at the disposal of Daesh. Does the Iraqi Government want us to halt such actions and leave? |
国际社会支持伊拉克政府的运动，其基本目的是要帮助伊拉克建设和改革其本国的防卫能力。归根结底，通过这些努力，我们的共同目标是加强伊拉克政府在全国各地重新建立法律管辖权的能力。 | The whole point of the international campaign to support the Iraqi Government is to help Iraq to build and reform its own defensive capabilities. Ultimately, through those efforts, our collective aim is to empower the Iraqi Government to re-establish its legal authority over the whole country. |
土耳其不仅遭到达伊沙的袭击，而且还遭到库尔德工人党(工人党)恐怖组织的袭击。该组织的总部设在伊拉克的坎迪勒地区。我们一直要求伊拉克政府制止工人党的活动。我们每次得到的答复是伊拉克政府对该国这一地区没有控制。如果伊拉克政府宣称它对其全部领土拥有充分的主权，那么我们就有权指望它防止伊拉克土地被用于对我国领土发动恐怖袭击。但是，达伊沙和工人党继续在伊拉克政府控制以外的地区对土耳其的安全与保障构成重大威胁，我们有权进行自卫。 | Turkey has been under attack not only by Daesh but also by the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) terrorist organization. Its headquarters are based in the Qandil region of Iraq. We have been calling on the Iraqi Government to stop the activities of the PKK. Each time, the response we have received has been that the Iraqi Government had no control over that part of the country. If the Iraqi Government claims that it has full sovereignty over all its territory, then it is our right to expect that it will prevent the use of Iraqi soil for terrorist attacks against our own territory. However, both Daesh and the PKK continue to pose significant threats to Turkey’s safety and security from areas beyond the reach of the Iraqi Government, and it is our right to exercise self-defence. |
我们理解伊拉克政府在艰难的政治环境中运作。但是，这不应成为限制为更快打败达伊沙而向该国提供的援助的借口。全民动员力量在实地有13万人，配备坦克、大炮、火箭发射器和甚至无人机。这些部队远比伊拉克军队更加强大，不在伊拉克政府的有效控制之下。土耳其已经为向伊拉克运送军用设备的货运飞机发出2400多项飞越许可证。这只是伊拉克收到和采购的总军事援助物资的一部分。 | We understand the difficult political environment in which the Iraqi Government functions. However, that should not be an excuse to limit the assistance offered to that country to defeat Daesh more quickly. On the ground, the Popular Mobilization Forces number 130,000, are armed with tanks, artillery, rocket launchers and even unmanned air vehicles. Those forces are far stronger than the Iraqi Army and not under the effective control of the Iraqi Government. Turkey has provided more than 2,400 overflight clearances for cargo aircraft carrying military equipment to Iraq. This is only part of the total military assistance that Iraq has received and purchased. |
然而，伊拉克政府尚未能够改革和改组伊拉克军队，或是培训和装备安巴尔省区区5000名志愿人员。这不是一个后勤问题。这是一个政治意愿问题。巴格达似乎下决心不允许和不支持任何不隶属于全民动员力量的武装部队。因此，寻求关闭巴希加的培训方案或是如此成功地拖延或阻止联盟在安巴尔省开始执行的方案，是完全不足为奇的。我们担心，伊拉克政府正在重复其前任的错误。正是这种态度使伊拉克的主权面临风险。 | Yet, the Iraqi Government has not been able to reform and restructure the Iraqi Army or train and equip a mere 5,000 volunteers in Anbar. That is not a logistical problem. That is a matter of political will. There seems to be a determination in Baghdad not to allow and support any armed force that is not part of the Popular Mobilization Forces. It is therefore not surprising at all that the closure of the training programme in Bashiqa is being sought, or that those started by the coalition in Anbar have been delayed or stalled so successfully. We are concerned that the Government of Iraq is repeating the mistakes of its predecessor. It is that attitude that puts the sovereignty of Iraq at risk. |
我们以前说过，我们将再说一遍，并且我们在结束所有毫无根据的指控之前将不断重复地说——土耳其从来没有也永远不会对侵犯伊拉克的主权有任何兴趣，与别人不同，我们对伊拉克领土也没有任何图谋或野心。我们确信，在腊卡、摩苏尔和大马士革等地，那些希望破坏国际反达伊沙联盟的合作和凝聚力的人正饶有兴趣和心满意足地关注着今天在这里的讨论。在许多其他地方，人们对这些讨论感到关切和遗憾。安卡拉就是其中之一。我们确信，在座多数代表的首都也是如此。 | We have said it before, we will say it again, and we will keep repeating it until we put an end to all the baseless allegations — Turkey has never had and will never have any interest in violating Iraq’s sovereignty, nor do we, unlike others, have any plans or ambitions for The situation concerning Iraq 18/12/2015 Iraqi territory. We are sure thatthe discussion here today is being followed with great interest and satisfaction in places like Raqqa, Mosul and Damascus by those who would like to see the cooperation and cohesion of the international coalition against Daesh disrupted. In many others, it is being followed with concern and regret. Ankara is one of them. We are certain that is also true for most of the capitals represented around the table. |
让我们结束今天在这里的讨论并继续完成手头的工作。让我们打败达伊沙。土耳其将继续在与这场斗争中的伙伴的合作与协调下，同达伊沙这个对国家和全球安全的威胁作斗争。 | Let us put an end to this discussion here today and carry on the work at hand. Let us defeat Daesh. Turkey will continue to combat Daesh as a national and global security threat, in cooperation and coordination with all its partners in this fight. |
主席（以英语发言）：我现在请安理会成员举行非正式磋商，继续讨论这个议题。 | The President: I now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussion on the subject. |
(C) 290617 040717 | GE.17-09836(E) |
禁止酷刑委员会 | Committee against Torture |
委员会根据《公约》第 22 条通过的关于第 701/2015 号来文的决定* | Decision adopted by the Committee under article 22 of the Convention, concerning communication No. 701/2015* |
,** | , |
,** | ** |
来文提交人： H.K. (由律师 Rishi Gulati 代理) | Communication submitted by: H.K. (represented by counsel, Rishi Gulati) |
据称受害人： 申诉人 | Alleged victim: The complainant |
所涉缔约国： 澳大利亚 | State party: Australia |
申诉日期： 2015 年 9 月 16 日 | Date of complaint: 16 September 2015 |
决定日期： 2017 年 5 月 10 日 | Date of decision: 10 May 2017 |
事由： 从澳大利亚遣返巴基斯坦 | Subject matter: Deportation from Australia to Pakistan |
程序性问题： 为申诉提供佐证 | Procedural issue: Substantiation of the complaint |
实质性问题： 遭受酷刑和虐待的危险 | Substantive issue: Risk of torture and ill-treatment |
《公约》条款： 第 3 条 | Article of the Convention: 3 |
1.1 申诉人 H.K.，巴基斯坦国民，普什图族，逊尼派穆斯林，1980 年出生。他说，如将他遣送回巴基斯坦、澳大利亚将违反《公约》第 3 条。申诉人由律师Rishi Gulati 代理。 | 1.1 The complainant is H.K., a Pakistani national of Pashtu ethnicity and Sunni Muslim faith, born in 1980. He claims that his deportation to Pakistan would constitute a violation by Australia of article 3 of the Convention. The complainant is represented by counsel, Rishi Gulati. |
1.2 2015 年 9 月 25 日，委员会通过新程序和临时措施报告员行事，决定依据议事规则第 114 条第(1)款发出临时措施请求，请缔约国在委员会审议申诉期间，不要把申诉人遣返巴基斯坦。2015 年 4 月 15 日，缔约国请委员会撤消临时措施请求。2015 年 6 月 15 日，委员会通过报告员行事，不同意缔约国关于撤消临时措施的请求。 | 1.2 On 25 September 2015, the Committee, acting through its Rapporteur on new complaints and interim measures, decided to issue a request for interim measures under rule 114 (1) of its rules of procedure, and requested the State party not to return the complainant to Pakistan while the complaint was being considered by the Committee. On 15 April 2015, the State party requested the Committee to lift its request for interim measures. On 15 June 2015, the Committee, acting through the Rapporteur, denied the State party’s request to lift the interim measures. |
申诉人陈述的事实 | The facts as presented by the complainant |
2.1 申诉人生于巴基斯坦奎达，一直居住在奎达，直到 2001 年。2001 至 2009年，他在阿拉伯联合酋长国和日本工作和生活。2009 年，他返回奎达，开办了一个工场，修理汽车，出售零部件。他已婚，有两个子女，分别生于 2008 年和2011 年。自他于 2012 年到达澳大利亚之后，一直没有见到这两个子女，这给他造成了痛苦。他的大家庭成员居住在巴基斯坦。 | 2.1 The complainant was born in Quetta, Pakistan, and resided there until 2001. From 2001 to 2009, he worked and resided in the United Arab Emirates and Japan. He returned to Quetta in 2009 and opened a workshop, repairing cars and selling spare parts. He is married and has two children, born in 2008 and 2011, whom he has not seen since arriving in Australia in 2012, which has caused him distress. His extended family lives in Pakistan. |
2012 年 2 月，申诉人到一个朋友的工场作客，这个工场距离他自己的工场很近，一些俾路支族男子也在那里。当时，非俾路支族人只有申诉人一个。在申诉人到达工场后不久，几名武装男子进入工场，将他和他的朋友逮捕。这些武装男子有的身穿制服，有的身穿便服。 | In February 2012, the complainant visited a friend’s workshop, which was located close to his own, where there were other men of Balochi ethnicity present. The complainant was the only person in the workshop who was not of Balochi ethnicity. A short time after the complainant arrived at the shop, armed men entered and arrested him and his friends. Some of the men were dressed in uniform, while others wore civilian clothing. |
2.3 这几名武装男子在将申诉人逮捕之后，用袋子套住他的头部，并将他的双手反绑。申诉人被带至某处，并被关押了大约 10 天，在此期间，他遭到毒打，而且无法睡觉。有人要他讲关于俾路支民族主义运动的情况。他说，他连续三个晚上遭到毒打，他被拳打、掌掴，还有人用枪托打他。有人问他关于他的一个朋友 S.A.的情况，这位朋友在他作客的工场工作。主管机构认为，S.A.参与了争取建立独立国家的运动。申诉人回答说，他对 S.A.一无所知。在 10 天的关押期快结束时，主管机构告诉他，他们要杀死他。他乞求他们放了他。他们告诉的说，如果他为他们提供消息，报告有关俾路支民族主义运动活动的情况，他们就不杀他。为了不被杀害，他同意这样做。随后他被释放。 | 2.3 After the complainant was arrested, the armed men put a bag over his head and tied his hands behind his back. He was taken to an unknown place and held in detention for about 10 days, during which time he was beaten and not allowed to sleep. He was asked what he knew of the Balochi nationalist movement. He claims that he was beaten severely for three nights in a row and that he was punched, slapped and hit with the butt of a gun. He was asked about a friend, S.A., who worked at the workshop he had visited and who the authorities believed to be part of a movement striving to form an independent State. The complainant answered that he did not know anything about S.A. At the end of the 10 days in detention, the authorities told him that they were going to kill him. He begged them to let him go. They told him that they would spare his life if he became an informant for them and reported on the activities of the Balochi nationalist movement. He agreed in order not to be killed and was released. |
2.4 在他获释几天之后，主管机构再次找到了申诉人。他们将他带至某处，并询问关于 S.A.的情况。他们对申诉人进行威胁，并告诉他，他们一直在监视他。大约一个月之后，申诉人离开巴基斯坦，从印度尼西亚过境，在印度尼西亚，他在联合国难民事务高级专员办事处登记。2012 年 5 月 1 日，他坐船到达澳大利亚圣诞岛。2012 年 8 月 20 日，他申请保护签证。1 在 2013 年 1 月 29 日的一项裁决中，难民复审法庭表示，俾路支民族主义运动举行过两次大规模的暴动(第一次为 1973-1977 年，第一次从 2003 年开始)和三次小范围的起义。该法庭表示，近期，部族激进分子进行的是针对巴基斯坦军方的长期的、激烈程度较低的武装冲突。一些暴动者主张完全脱离巴基斯坦，另一些暴动者则要求获得对所在区域自然资源的更大的控制权和更大的政治权力。 | 2.4 A few days after his release, the authorities called the complainant again. They took him to an unknown location and asked questions about S.A. They threatened the complainant and told him that they were observing him. About a month later, the complainant left Pakistan, transiting through Indonesia, where he registered with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. On 1 May 2012, he arrived on Christmas Island, Australia, by boat. On 20 August 2012, he applied for a protection visa. |
2.5 申诉人提交了奎达的一所医院出具的一份病历和出院证明(日期为 2012 年 2月 18 日)。这份病历记载的情况如下：申诉人到医院就诊时，背部和上臂多处青肿，伤势系遭他人殴打所致。申诉人精神严重抑郁、焦虑。申诉人于同一天出院。他说，在就诊过程中，他告诉医生，他遭到几名陌生人的毒打，他不敢把曾遭主管机构人员的拘留和毒打一事告诉医生。他还提交了一份澳大利亚一家医疗所的一名精神病医师出具的医疗证明。这份证明说，他被诊断患有抑郁症及焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍症。他还提交了一名精神健康专业人士 2013 年 3 月 8 日签发的一封信函，该信函说，他被确诊患有抑郁症。 | 2.5 The complainant submits a history sheet and discharge notes, dated 18 February 2012, from a hospital in Quetta. It is noted on the history sheet that, when visiting the hospital, the complainant had multiple bruises on his back and upper arms from an assault by unknown persons and that he was severely depressed and agitated. The complainant was discharged from the hospital on the same day. He notes that, during the hospital visit, he told the doctor that he had been beaten by unknown persons as he was afraid to tell the doctor that he had been detained and beaten by the authorities. He also submits a medical note dated 24 June 2015 from a psychiatrist at a medical centre in Australia, in which it is noted that he has been diagnosed with depression and suffers from anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. He further submits a letter from a mental health professional, dated 8 March 2013, according to which he has been diagnosed with depression. |
2.6 2012 年 10 月 9 日，移民与公民事务部拒绝了提交人的保护签证申请。移民与公民事务部依据国别资料2，接受申诉人关于政府主管机构人员将他从他朋友的工场绑架的说法，因为据认为合理的一点是：由于 S.A.据称参与倡导建立自由俾路支斯坦的活动，主管机构本来就会对他起疑心。移民与公民事务部提到国别 | 2.6 On 9 October 2012, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship rejected the author’s application for a protection visa. Relying on country information,2 the Department accepted the complainant’s claim that he had been abducted from his friend’s workshop by 1 |
俾路支斯坦的活动，主管机构本来就会对他起疑心。移民与公民事务部提到国别报告3，还接受以下说法：申诉人曾经遭到任意拘留，在拘留期间，他曾遭主管机构人员的毒打。但是，考虑到申诉人的个人情况不会引起主管机构的注意，而且他无法向主管机构提供任何有关 S.A.的信息，移民与公民事务部并不认为申诉人会被拘留 10 天。移民与公民事务部认定，考虑到俾路支省是一个多民族省份，申诉人与俾路支族人的联系并不会使他受到主管机构的注意。该部认为，申诉人和与他同时被拘留的另一些人中的两人被释放，而 S.A.却没有被释放，这表明，申诉人和他的一些朋友并没有引起主管机构的注意，主管机构的注意对象是S.A.出于同样的理由，该部不接受申诉人的以下说法，即他被要求向主管机构提供消息，而且在他被释放之后，主管机构再次找到了他。该部注意到申诉人说，他在巴基斯坦又呆了 35 天，在此期间，主管机构没有找他，之后他离开巴基斯坦。该部认为，这进一步证明，主管机构几乎没有将他列为监视对象。因此，该部认定，没有大量理由认为，一种实际、可预见的危险是，申诉人如果被遣送回巴基斯坦，将会遭到相当大的伤害。 | In a decision dated 29 January 2013, the Refugee Review Tribunal stated that the Baloch nationalist movement had culminated in two widespread insurgencies (1973-1977 and from 2003 onwards) and three localized uprisings. It further stated that most recently tribal militants had been engaged in a long-running low-intensity armed conflict against the Pakistan army. Some insurgents advocated for a complete secession from Pakistan, while others demanded greater control of the region’s natural resources and political power. |
2.7 提交人不服裁决，向难民复审法庭提出上诉，2013 年 1 月 29 日，法庭维持了移民与公民事务部的裁决。申诉人提出的部长采取干预行动的请求于 2014 年9 月 5 日被驳回，他随后向澳大利亚联邦巡回法院提出的司法复审申请，于 2015年 6 月 29 日被驳回。2 在移民与公民事务部的裁决中，提到了以下来源所载的国别资料：Minority Rights Group | 2 |
2 在移民与公民事务部的裁决中，提到了以下来源所载的国别资料：Minority Rights GroupInternational, State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2012 (June 2012) (可查阅www.unesco.org/library/PDF/MRG.pdf)，以及 United Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIreland Home Office,“Pakistan:Country of Origin Information Report”(7 June 2012) (可查阅www.ecoi.net/file_upload/90_1339140574_ukba-2012-06-07-pakistan.pdf)。据指出，俾路支人和巴基斯坦政府之间存在冲突。还据指出，国家行为者据说在针对涉嫌从事或参与民族主义活动的俾路支人的暴力行为方面，包括光天化日之下和公开场所绑架俾路支人方面，起到重要作用。裁决还指出，受害者往往是被怀疑参加俾路支民族主义党派和运动的 20 多岁至 40 多岁的男子，这些人往往被从商店和工作场所带走。3 United States Department of State,“Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Pakistan”，24May 2012. 可查阅 www.state.gov/documents/organization/204621.pdf。 | In the decision of the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, reference is made to country information in Minority Rights Group International, State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2012 (June 2012) (available from www.unesco.org/library/PDF/MRG.pdf) and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Home Office, “Pakistan: Country of Origin Information Report” (7 June 2012) (available from www.ecoi.net/file_upload/90_1339140574_ukba-2012-06-07-pakistan.pdf). It is noted that a conflict exists between persons of Balochi ethnicity and the Government of Pakistan. It is also noted that State actors reportedly play a central role in the violence, targeting ethnic Balochis suspected or engaging in nationalist activities, including the abduction of ethnic Balochis in broad daylight and in public areas. It is further noted in the decision that the victims are often men in their mid-20s to mid-40s, suspected of alleged participation in Baloch nationalist parties and movements, who are often taken away from shops and places of work. |
申诉 | The complaint |
3.1 申诉人说，如果被遣送回巴基斯坦，那么他本人就会面临遭到巴基斯坦主管机构(如军方或三军情报局)拘留、酷刑乃至杀害的实际、可预见的危险，因为这些机构认为，他了解关于巴基斯坦俾路支民族主义运动成员的情况，或曾与他们合作。他说，他先前曾经遭受巴基斯坦主管机构的任意拘留和酷刑，如果被遣送回巴基斯坦，他就可能再次遭到任意拘留和酷刑。他说，在巴基斯坦，凡是被怀疑与俾路支运动有联系的人，其人权无一例外地会遭到严重、公然的侵犯。他还提到了委员会在 Khan 诉加拿大4 一案中提出的意见。委员会在这一案件中认定，将 Balistan 学生联合会的一名当地领导人遣送回巴基斯坦，会造成《公约》第 3 条遭到违反的情况。 | 3.1 The complainant alleges that if he is deported to Pakistan there is a real, foreseeable and personal risk that he would risk being detained, tortured and killed by the Pakistani authorities, such as the army or the Inter-Services Intelligence, as they believe that he has information on the members of the Balochi nationalist movement in Pakistan or has cooperated with them. He claims that he has previously been detained arbitrarily and tortured by the Pakistani authorities and that this is likely to be repeated if he is deported to Pakistan. He further submits that there is a consistent pattern of gross and flagrant violations of human rights in Pakistan of people who are suspected of being associated with the Balochi movement. He also refers to the Committee’s views in Khan v. Canada, 4 in which the Committee found that the deportation of a local leader of the Balistan Student Federation to Pakistan would have resulted in a violation of article 3 of the Convention. |
3.2 申诉人说，他在巴基斯坦没有任何安全的地方可以搬迁，如果被驱逐出境，只要他一到达机场，巴基斯坦主管机构就会马上将他拘留。他说，即便在达到后不被拘留，军方和三军情报局也会很容易找到他的下落。 | 3.2 The complainant claims that there is no safe place for him to relocate in Pakistan, since if he is deported there he would arrive at an airport where Pakistani authorities would readily detain him. He also claims that, if not detained upon his arrival, the army and Inter-Services Intelligence would easily be able to trace his whereabouts. |
缔约国关于可否受理问题和案件实质的意见 | State party’s observations on admissibility and the merits |
4.1 2016 年 4 月 15 日，缔约国就来文可否受理和所涉实质问题提出了意见。缔约国认为，从委员会议事规则第 113 条(b)款来看，申诉人的指称明显缺乏根据，因此这些指称不予受理。如果委员会认为指称可予受理，那么，缔约国的意见是，这些指称缺乏法律依据，因为没有充足的理由认为，申诉人如果被遣送回巴基斯坦，将面临遭受酷刑的危险。 | 4.1 On 15 April 2016, the State party submitted its observations on the admissibility and merits of the communication. It considers that the complainant’s allegations are inadmissible as manifestly unfounded under rule 113 (b) of the Committee’s rules of procedure. Should the Committee take the view that the allegations are admissible, the State party submits that the claims are without merit as there are no substantial grounds for believing that the complainant would be in danger of being tortured if deported to Pakistan. |
4.2 缔约国指出，根据委员会议事规则第 113 条(b)款，申诉人有责任为申诉得到受理的目的提出有表面证据的理由。缔约国认为，申诉人未能这样做。缔约国还认为，在决定申诉人的保护签证申请和随后的司法复审过程中，国内主管机构已经仔细审议了申诉人的指称。缔约国请委员会接受以下陈述：缔约国主管机构已经通过国内程序仔细评估了提交人的指称，并认定，缔约国无须对提交人承担《公约》之下的保护义务。 | 4.2 The State party notes that, under rule 113 (b) of the Committee’s rulesof procedure, it is the responsibility of the complainant to establish a prima facie case for the purpose of admissibility of his complaint. The State party submits that the complainant has failed to do so. The State party further submits that the complainant’s claims have been thoroughly considered by domestic authorities during the determination of the complainant’s protection visa application and subsequent judicial review. It requests the Committee to accept that the State party’s authorities have thoroughly assessed the author’s claims through its domestic processes and found that it does not owe the author protection obligations under the Convention. |
4.3 缔约国指出，除了向委员会提交申诉以外，申诉人还向委员会提供了一份书面声明，在这份声明中，申诉人说他曾遭到巴基斯坦军方人员的拷打。缔约国表示，书面声明所述事件大体上与在申诉人的保护签证申请中所述事件相似。在保护签证申请中，申诉人说，他曾遭武装人员的绑架和毒打，这些人“是警员，因为他认出他们所穿的制服”。缔约国还说，在 2012 年 8 月 20 日提交负责评估申诉人的保护签证申请的人员的一份书面陈述中，申诉人叙述了书面声明中和保护签证申请面谈过程中提及的事件，并说，这些犯罪行为由“主管机构”或“政府主管机构”人员实施。缔约国还指出，在 2012 年 12 月 6 日难民复审法庭进行的审理中，申诉人提出了证据，证明巴基斯坦主管机构实施了前述犯罪行为；而且，在请求部长采取干预行动时，申诉人说，他担心遭到塔利班和巴基斯坦情报机构的伤害。缔约国指出，在向委员会提出的申诉中，申诉人还表示担心遭到三军情报局的虐待。缔约国说，在各项国内程序中，申诉人并没有提到关于他遭到巴基斯坦军方或三军情报局人员的拷打的指称，也未曾表示担心遭到这两者的伤4 第 15/1994 号来文，Khan 诉加拿大，1994 年 11 月 15 日通过的意见。害。缔约国指出，看来，提交人想要根据他先前向国内决策机构提供的证据，提出关于巴基斯坦军方或三军情报局实施酷刑的新的指称。缔约国认为，这一因素使人们对申诉人的可信度产生怀疑。缔约国表示，考虑到难民复审法庭裁定，如果申诉人被遣送回巴基斯坦，并不存在申诉人将会遭受相当大伤害的实际危险(尽管法庭接受申诉人关于遭到巴基斯坦主管机构人员的绑架和毒打的指称)，这一新的指称并不会给申诉人的申诉增添任何价值。 | 4.3 The State party notes that, in addition to his complaint before the Committee, the complainant has provided the Committee with a statutory declaration in which he alleges that he was tortured by members of the Pakistan army. The State party notes that the events described in the statutory declaration are substantially similar to the events described in the complainant’s protection visa application, in which he alleged that he had been abducted and beaten by armed gunmen who “were police as he recognized the uniform they were wearing”. The State party also notes that, in a written statement dated 20 August 2012 that was presented to the decision maker who assessed the complainant’s protection visa application, the complainant described the same events referred to in his statutory declaration and protection visa interview, and alleged that the offences had been carried out by “the authorities” or “government authorities”. The State party further notes that, in the Refugee Review Tribunal hearing of 6 December 2012, the complainant gave evidence that the same offences had been carried out by the Pakistani authorities, and that, in his request for ministerial intervention, he claimed that he feared harm from the Taliban and Pakistani intelligence authorities. The State party notes that, in his complaint before the Committee, the complainant also claims to fear mistreatment by the Inter-Services Intelligence. The State party observes that the complainant has not previously raised his alleged torture by or fear of harm from the Pakistan army or Inter-Services Intelligence at any point during the various domestic processes and submits that it appears that the author is raising new claims of torture by the Pakistan army or the Inter-Services Intelligence on the basis of the same evidence he previously provided to domestic decision makers. The State party contends that this factor raises doubts about his credibility. It submits that this new claim does not add any weight to the complainant’s complaint given that the Refugee Review Tribunal determined that there was not a real risk that he would suffer significant harm as a consequence of being returned to Pakistan, even though it accepted his claims of having been abducted and beaten by Pakistani authorities. |
4.4 缔约国指出，申诉人还说，如果被遣送回巴基斯坦，他没有安全的地方可以搬迁。缔约国说，移民与公民事务部和难民复审法庭在国内程序过程中仔细研究了申诉人的情况，认定，他不会成为巴基斯坦主管机构注意的对象，因此如被遣返巴基斯坦，不会受到伤害。 | 4.4 The State party notes that the complainant has also alleged that there is no safe place to which he could relocate if returned to Pakistan. It argues that the Department of Immigration and Citizenship and the Refugee Review Tribunal closely considered the complainant’s profile during the domestic processes and determined that he would not be of interest to the Pakistani authorities and would not suffer harm if returned to Pakistan. |
4.5 缔约国说，申诉人还在向委员会提出的申诉中提供了有关他的精神健康的新证据。但是，缔约国认为，这并没有提出任何新的、可信的指称，而且这与评估缔约国在《公约》第 3 条之下的不驱回义务无关。 | 4.5 The State party notes that the complainant has also provided new evidence regarding his mental health in his complaint before the Committee, but it considers that this does not raise any new and credible claims and is not relevant to an assessment of the State party’s non-refoulement obligations under article 3 of the Convention. |
4.6 缔约国提及申诉人的以下指称：在巴基斯坦，凡被怀疑与俾路支民族主义运动有联系的人，其人权必然会遭到粗暴、公然、严重侵犯。缔约国说，在进行国内程序过程中，有关方面仔细研究了关于巴基斯坦的大量的国别资料，以及将未能获得庇护的人员遣返的问题。缔约国提及委员会在 G.R.B.诉瑞典一案5 中提出的意见，指出，一般暴力危险并不能构成据以判定某人如被遣送回国，就会面临遭受酷刑的危险的充足理由，因为必须存在其他理由，证明相关个人本人将会面临危险。缔约国说，从近期的国别资料来看，自上次对申诉人的指称进行评估以来，巴基斯坦的状况没有发生显示缔约国将在申诉人的案件中履行不驱回义务的相关的不利变动. | 4.6 The State party notes the complainant’s allegations that there is a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights against people suspected of being associated with the Balochi nationalist movement in Pakistan. It argues that extensive country information on Pakistan and the return of failed asylum seekers were carefully considered during the domestic proceedings. The State party refers to the Committee’s views in G.R.B. v. Sweden5 and notes that the existence of a general risk of violence does not constitute a sufficient ground for determining that a particular person would be in danger of being subjected to torture upon return to that country as additional grounds must exist to show the individual concerned would be personally at risk. The State party submits that, according to recent country information, there has been no relevant adverse change to 5 Communication No. 83/1997, G.R.B. v. Sweden, Views adopted on 15 May 1998, para. 6.3. the country situation since the complainant’s claims were last assessed to indicate that the State party’s non-refoulement obligations would be engaged in the complainant’s case. |
4.7 缔约国指出，申诉人还提到了委员会在 Khan 诉加拿大一案中的意见。在这方面，缔约国认为，Khan 诉加拿大案中的申诉人是一个反政府、主张独立的组织的积极成员，他在离开巴基斯坦之后继续参与该组织的活动。而本申诉中的申诉人则不同，在对该申诉人进行全面评估之后认为，他不是巴基斯坦主管机构注意的对象，从申诉人的情况来看，如被遣返巴基斯坦，申诉人不会受到注意。 | 4.7 The State party notes that the complainant has also referred to the Committee’s views in Khan v. Canada. In this connection, it submits that the complainant in Khan v. Canada had been an active member of an anti-Government, pro-independence organization who had continued his involvement in that organization after leaving Pakistan, unlike the complainant in the present complaint, who has been comprehensively assessed as being of no interest to the Pakistani authorities and who does not have a profile that would warrant attention if returned to Pakistan. |
申诉人对缔约国的意见的评论 | Complainant’s comments on the State party’s observations |
5.1 2016 年 7 月 8 日，申诉人就缔约国的意见提交了评论。他说，他的申诉有充分的依据，申诉提出了有表面证据的理由，详细叙述了指称所涉的事实和依据。申诉人还说，他为受理目的为指称提供了佐证。 | 5.1 On 8 July 2016, the complainant submitted his comments on the State party’s observations. He argues that his complaint is well-founded, that it advances a prima facie case and sufficiently elaborates the facts and the basis of his claim, and also argues that he has accordingly substantiated his claim for the purpose of admissibility. |
5.2 申诉人说，他的指称是可信的、一致的。他认为，在拘留和毒打他的人员的身份方面，尤其是在这些人员所在的机构方面他的陈述的不一致，属于用词上细小的、无足轻重的差异。他认为，他一直提及的是相同的行凶者和事件，因此他的提法是一致的。他说，他在庇护程序过程中一直依靠口译人员的帮助，很难要求酷刑受害者做到绝对一致。他说，他曾再三表示，将他任意拘留，对他进行拷打和毒打的人员是携带武器、身穿制服的人员，来自巴基斯坦主管机构。他说，缔约国没有对他遭到巴基斯坦主管机构人员的任意拘留和毒打的说法提出异5 第 83/1997 号来文，G.R.B.诉瑞典，1998 年 5 月 15 日通过的意见，第 6.3 段。议。他认为，考虑到他曾经遭到巴基斯坦主管机构人员的拷打，缔约国移民事务机构得出的认为如果他被遣送回巴基斯坦，他不会面临酷刑危险的结论，是武断的，也是毫无道理的。他还认为，缔约国移民事务机构得出的认为他不可能被要求为主管机构刺探消息的结论，也是不合理的、武断的。 | 5.2 The complainant argues that his claims are credible and have been consistent. He considers the variation in his statements regarding the identification of the persons who detained and beat him, particularly as regards the authority they are from, to be a minor and immaterial difference in terminology. He submits that he has always referred to the same perpetrators and events and has thus been consistent. He notes that he has been relying on interpreters during the asylum proceedings and that absolute consistency can seldom be expected of victims of torture. He argues that he has been consistent in stating that the persons who detained him arbitrarily, tortured and beat him had been armed, uniformed and from the Pakistani authorities. He notes that the State party does not contest that he was arbitrarily detained and beaten by Pakistani authorities. He submits that, given that he has previously been tortured by the Pakistani authorities, the conclusion of the State party immigration authorities that he would not face a risk of torture if deported to Pakistan is arbitrary and unreasonable. He further considers that the conclusion of the State party immigration authorities that he would not have been asked to spy for the authorities is irrational and arbitrary. |
5.3 申诉人还说，他提供的医疗证明(该证明证实，经诊断他患有抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍症)可表明他遭受的酷刑对他产生的影响，还表明他害怕被遣返巴基斯坦。 | 5.3 The complainant also argues that the medical notes submitted by him, which confirm that he has been diagnosed with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, is evidence of the impact the torture he was subjected to had on him, and of his fear of being returned to Pakistan. |
5.4 申诉人认为，在评估缔约国在《公约》第 3 条之下的义务时，除了申诉人的个人情况以外，还必须考虑到大规模侵犯人权的证据。申诉人说，他有部分俾路支族血统。考虑到他所在的巴基斯坦地区的状况，以及他曾经遭受过酷刑，他认为，得出结论认为如果被遣送回巴基斯坦，他本人不会面临实际、可预见的危险，是毫无道理的，也是武断的。申诉人还提到了缔约国发布的关于巴基斯坦的旅行建议。这项建议指出，在巴基斯坦各地尤其是卡拉奇、俾路支省、普赫图赫瓦省及联盟直辖部落地区，遭绑架的可能性很大，因此，由于“极端危险的安全状况的和仍然在进行的反叛行动”，旅行者最好不要前往这些地区。 | 5.4 The complainant submits that, in addition to the personal circumstances of a complainant, evidence of mass human rights violations must also be considered in assessing a State party’s obligations under article 3 of the Convention. The complainant recalls that he is of part-Balochi ethnicity. Considering the situation in the region of Pakistan that he comes from, together with the fact that he has previously been subjected to torture, he considers that it is unreasonable and arbitrary to conclude that he would not face a real, personal and foreseeable risk of torture if deported to Pakistan. The complainant also refers to the State party’s travel advice on Pakistan according, to which there is a high threat of kidnapping across Pakistan, but particularly in Karachi, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and that travellers are accordingly strongly advised not to travel to these areas due to the “extremely dangerous security environment and the ongoing counter-insurgency operation”. |
Subsets and Splits