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Naps--short sleeps during the day--may improve memory, experts said recently. New research conducted by brain researcher Avi Karni of the University of Haifa in Israel explores the possibility that naps help lock in sometimes long-term memories. "We still don't know exactly how memory system works during sleep, but the results of this research suggest it is possible to speed up memory consolidation ," Karni said. Long-term memory refers to memories that stay with us for years, such as "what" memories -- a car accident that happened yesterday-- or "how to" memories, such as one's learned ability to play the pianos. Karni, also one of the authors of the study published in a recent issue of the journal Nature Neuroscience, instructed participants to learn a difficult set of finger games, then divided the study _ into two groups: one that napped for an hour, and one that didn't. The people who took an afternoon snooze showed obvious improvement in their performance by that evening. "After a night's sleep the two groups were at the same level, but the group that slept in the afternoon improved much faster than the group that stayed awake," Karni said. And the study also showed just how much faster a 90-minute nap could help lock in long-term memories. "Daytime sleep can shorten the time 'how to' memory weakens and forgetting starts,"Karni said, "Instead of 6 to 8 hours, the brain consolidated the memory during the 90-minute nap." We can learn from the article that _ .
|
[
"the new research has discovered the memory process during the sleep",
"taking a nap helps improve both long-term and short-term memories",
"Karni's findings are based on comparisons between two groups of participants",
"people who take a nap will never forget \"how to\" skills once they are learned"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sitting in front of the television may be relaxing, but spending too much time in front of the TV may take years off your life. That's what Australian researchers found when they collected TV viewing information from more than 11,000 people older than 25 years. The study found that people who watches an average six hours of TV a day lived an average 4.8 years less than those who didn't watch any television .Also ,every hour of TV that participants watched after age 25 was associated with a 22-minute reduction in their life expectancy . It's no mystery that sitting in front of the TV isn't exactly healthy. The more TV you watch, the less physically active you are. And the less exercise you get, the more likely you are to develop disease such as diabetes or hear problems. Lennert Veerman is the lead author of the study ,which was published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine .Working at the University of Queesland, Veerman acknowledges that it may not just be the sedentary nature of watching TV that lowers life expectancy,but also the poor diet that onscreen junk-food advertising can promote. But Veerman says that association between watching too much TV and lower life expectancy exists, even after adjusting for diet. Veerman says that it might make sense for doctors to start asking their patients about how much time they spend in front of the TV, and to treat TV time as they would be other risk factors for poor health, such as lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet. Veerman points out that people who are concerned can simply turn off the TV and get off the couch. "Exercise is good," he says, "but even light physical activity also improves health." If you change your diet and watch too much TV, you will _ .
|
[
"live longer",
"see the doctor",
"improve health",
"shorten life expectancy"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Five Things You Should Know About Adult Asthma About 44 million people in Asia Pacific suffer from asthma. The numbers are on the rise especially in China and India where there is rapid industrialization and urbanization. Dr Mariko Koh, Director of the Pulmonary Function Laboratory and Asthma Programme at Singapore General Hospital, tells us more about adult asthma: 1. Chronic inflammation of the airways When the airways are inflamed, mucus forms, blocking airflow, causing breathlessness, wheezing and tightness in the chest. 2. Common triggers Exposure to allergens such as mites, cockroaches, pets and pollen can trigger asthma. Tobacco smoke, respiratory infections, exercise and some medications like aspirin and beta blockers are also possible triggers. 3. Effective treatment Asthma can be controlled with medication. The main treatment of asthma is inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and block of the airways. Reliever medications may be used to treat acute symptoms. Take note: it is not too late to take medication after an asthma attack. 4. Take medication daily To ensure good control over asthma, medication must be taken daily on a long term basis to prevent attacks. Also, go to your doctor for regular checkups. 5. Quality of life Asthma sufferers can lead normal active lives as long as the symptoms are well controlled. Taking medication as directed and avoiding triggers can make a big difference to the quality of life. All of the following are possible factors causing asthma except _ .
|
[
"aspirin",
"pollen",
"polluted air",
"tobacco"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following reasons would an angler fish use a light?
|
[
"attracting researchers",
"attracting humans",
"attracting predators",
"attracting sardines"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
smoking will directly affect what?
|
[
"hearing loss",
"sleep",
"intensity of cough",
"hunger"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
SOME teenagers take up smoking during the holidays either because they become "rich" enough to afford a pack of cigarettes or they think they look "cool". Everyone knows that "smoking is bad for you", but do smokers really know what the health warnings mean to them? Smoking, the world's second leading cause of preventable death, kills 4.9 million people a year, the United Nations said on February 27. The world has about l.2 billion smokers and World Health Organization surveys show that about 20 per cent of them are children aged between 13 and 15 years old. On the same day, a global treaty aimed at encouraging children not to smoke and help people kick the habit came into force. This is the first worldwide agreement on a public health issue. It will see strong warnings added to cigarette packets and a ban on all tobacco advertising. Young smokers may think little of the health effects of smoking. But smoking can stop them from making friends, as most non-smokers don't like being around smokers. "I feel sick when I see people of my age smoke. Smokers make themselves look less educated ," said Shi Qingyu, a Senior 3 student at Luanxian No 1 High School in Hebei Province. Once while on a bus, he asked a girl who was smoking next to him to put out her cigarette. For Wang Gezhu, a Senior l girl from Wuxi Furen High School in Jiangsu Province,boys who smoke are less attractive. "Boys that smoke may think they are cool or impressive, but I think they look weird compared to other ordinary students in my eyes. They only do what others won't risk doing," Wang said. Every one wants to impress others, but there are ways to show off other than smoking. On February 26, around 200 students from across the country gathered in Beijing to be awarded for their outstanding performance in the 2004 "Sunflower Cup". The programme included several contests in writing, calligraphy , drawing and painting. It aimed to encourage students to take part in meaningful activities so that they could spend their free time developing healthy habits and hobbies. "Teenagers are energetic and quick to learn, both good and bad things. For the sake of their own health, teenagers should learn to say no to their first cigarette because life as a smoker is a life of addiction. You can't quit," said Wang Zhengqi, deputy secretary-general of the Chinese Association on Smoking and Health. Smoking can affect the young from the following aspects except _ .
|
[
"Smoking will do harm to their health",
"Smoking can make them cool",
"Smoking will stop them from making friends",
"Smoking make them look less educated"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which example would result in new cells that are most different from the parent cells?
|
[
"yeast cells splitting into new cells",
"bacteria cells dividing into new cells",
"skin cells dividing to produce more skin cells",
"sperm and egg cells uniting to produce fertilized egg cells"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Passwords are no safeguards Typing your password or credit card number into a computer is a moment's work. But if you think your personal details disappear as soon as you hit the Return key, think again: they can sit on the computer's hard disk for years waiting for a hacker to take them. As people spend more time on the web and hackers become more experienced, the dangers of storing personal information on computers are growing by the day, security experts say. There are some safe-guards, such as never allowing your computer to store your passwords. But even that in no guarantee of security. When you type in a password, it is stored in random access memory (RAM), where it is held temporarily until other data overwrites it or the computer is switched off. But every so often , the computer copies the contents of its RAM onto hard disk, where it is easy to prey for a hacker, who can read it directly or design a worm to e-mail it back. The longer sensitive data stays in RAM, the more likely it is to be copied onto the disk, where it stays until it is overwritten-which might not happen for years. Tal Garfinkel and colleagues from Stanford University have created a software tool which simulates the workings of a complete computer system. Within the simulation, sensitive data can be tagged and then tracked as it passes through the system. Next, Garfinkel and his team simulated computers running common software that regularly handles passwords or secret personal information, such as Internet Explorer, the Windows login script and Apache server software. In a paper to be presented, they conclude that the programs took no measures to limit the length of time the information is kept. Some of the tested software even copied the sensitive information, obviously without restraint . What does the passage mainly talk about?
|
[
"It's important to set passwords to your computer.",
"Passwords help keep your personal information.",
"It's unsafe to store personal information on computers.",
"There are some safeguards for your personal information."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Imagine that you are in school, giving a speech to your class. Now think what it feels like when stammering makes it a struggle to communicate your thoughts and feelings to other people. The King's Speech, which won the best picture at the Academy Awards in March, 2011, focuses on stammering along with other speech-related problems. The movie tells the story of Britain's King George VI, who became king after his brother Edward VIII gave up the crown to marry an American woman. As a result of British actor Colin Firth's performance, people are starting to realize that stammering can damage a person's self-confidence and cause him or her to escape from life. "The serious problem is unseen and unheard," said Norbert Lieckfeldt, an expert at the British Stammering Association, in an interview with a news reporter. "Stammering masks your ability," he said. "It's a serious disability." Most stammerers face bullying in school, something that is "usually carried over into the workplace". George VI's stammer took away his confidence as a speaker. But Samantha Mesango, a speech coach based in the UK, believes that speech problems are more common than most people realize. "Some simply don't like the sound of their own voice; others are scared of speaking in public," she said. Travis Treats from St.Louis University praisedThe King's Speech. He said it shows that "how one's speech does not mean what one is inside". He also added that people who stammer need to be heard and our society should recognize that they have a lot to give to the world. According to Norbert Lieckfeldt, _ .
|
[
"the voice of stammering people cannot be heard",
"people who stammer do better in work than school",
"there are a lot of things that stammering people can give to us",
"the serious problem of stammering remains unseen and unheard"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Americans love peanut butter. The average child will eat 1,500 peanut butter before he or she graduates high school. But there is a controversy over a new peanut butter. It is called STEEM Peanut Butter. This peanut butter adds a new ingredient: caffeine . Coffee is a popular morning drink because it has caffeine and gives people energy in the morning. Even small amounts of caffeine can be dangerous to children. United States Senator Charles Schumer says."Peanut butter, one of the snacks most closely connected with children, might have to be stored in the medicine cupboard rather than in the kitchen cupboard. This will shock the Food and Drug Administration." Schumer wants the U.S. FDA to investigate. He observed that earlier the FDA prevented plans for a caffeinated chewing gum. STEEM, the manufacturer, said, "We are selling the caffeinated peanut butter all over the world. The product provides caffeine in an easily digestible way. Caffeinated foods have been sold in U.S. stores for well over a decade and are in no way a new idea. Customers tell us they want to eat the caffeinated peanut butter so they don't have to drink as much coffee or energy drinks. The peanut butter is not intended for children." "Peanut butter has been a favorite of children for generations," Schumer continued: "Parents across the country have to worry about a scene in which their child might unknowingly bite into a peanut butter that contains more caffeine than two cups of coffee." The American Academy of Pediatrics says caffeine in small amounts can help the physical performance of adults. But the academy urges parents not to allow children to take even small amounts of caffeine owing to caffeine's possible negative effects on a child's heart and brain development. There is a controversy over the STEEM Peanut Butter because it contains _ .
|
[
"fat",
"peanut",
"caffeine",
"nutrition"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the near future, we may be using our eyes to operate our smartphones and tablets, even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja. The GazeGroup has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 years. But those devices have been mainly designed to aid those with disabilities, and are very expensive. "After a while, we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market approach," says Gaze's Sune Alstrup Johansen, "where everybody would have this available." Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company, The Eye Tribe, which is hoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial level. The technology works by sending an infrared light from the computing device toward the user's face. After measuring the user's eye movements, the technology is then able to easily know where a person's eyes are moving, allowing the eyes to control a cursor . A software can determine the location of the eyes and tell where the user is looking on the screen. It even knows which image he is looking at. There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years, particularly in the gaming world. Following Nintendo's popular Wii system, Xbox released the Kinect device, which lets users control their Xbox and play certain games using only their hands, legs and voices. Since most smartphones and other mobile devices can't come standard with an infrared device, Johansen said a replaceable filter would be an inexpensive, convenient choice for most consumers. And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create a commercially practical product for the average user, making the eye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for disabled users. "Then I can go to any computer, and then I can control it and I can use it, instead of just bringing my own," said Stig Langvad, who heads up Denmark's umbrella organization for people with disabilities. "So I'll be a part of society on an equal foot, instead of being a special solution." We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"the Kinect device was released earlier than Nintendo's Wii system",
"cheap eye-controlled devices completely changed the gaming world many years ago",
"the development of eye-controlled computer technology began a very long time ago",
"with no help of special devices, a large number of people are now using their eyes to operate devices"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Reggie has naturally red hair.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
People should go outside and absorb some sunshine to help increase their vitamin D levels, some experts say. Arthritis Research UK. which is a British medical research organization dedicated to curing arthritis , says vitamin D deficiency can cause bone loss, muscle function problems and, in some cases, rickets in children. The government recommends vitamin D supplements for pregnant women and children aged under five. But on sunny days, a few minutes outdoors should achieve the same results, Arthritis Research UK says. Figures show that up to a quarter of the population has low levels of vitamin D in their blood and the majority of pregnant women do not take vitamin D supplements. People aged over 65, pregnant and breast-feeding women and children aged six months to five years old are thought to be most at risk. Vitamin D is essential to help the body absorb calcium from food. Low levels of vitamin D can result in serious problems. Alan Silman, the medical director of Arthritis Research UK, said, "When the days are sunny, go out for a few minutes and expose your face and arms to the sunshine." But he also had a warning on overexposure. "Don't allow your skin to go red, and take care not to burn, particularly in strong sunshine and if you have fair or sensitive skin. From June to August, just 15 minutes is generally enough time." "In less sunny months," Alan Silman added, "we recommend that people add more vitamin D in their diet by eating more oily fish such as salmon, tuna, and foods rich in vitamin D, such as cereals ." Lack of vitamin D may cause the following problems EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"bone loss",
"muscle function problems",
"rickets in children.",
"high blood pressure"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A man enters a store to buy milk. He walks out of the store with milk. That is all--milk. At the same time, a woman enters the same grocery store also to buy milk. She buys it. But, she also buys chicken and lemons to make dinner that night. She also gets a bottle of wine for drinks with friends and a birthday card for her husband's niece. And that is the difference between the female and male brains simply explained in a grocery store. Generally speaking, men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Doing many things at one time is often called "multi-tasking," a very popular word these days. Now scientific research supports this theory about male and female brains. A recent study has confirmed what we have known all along--men and women think differently. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania studied brain images of 949 people aged from 8 to 22 years old. They found that male brains have more connections on one side of the brain, or hemisphere. In the female brain, they found more activity and connections between the right and left sides of the brain. The left side of the brain is known as the side of "reason". The right hemisphere is known as the "creative" side. Regina Verma is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She co-wrote the report. She says when women are asked to do something complicated they might use different parts of the brain. But men generally use just one. As a result, men generally deal directly with a problem. There is a strong connection between the "understanding" and the "action" parts of their brains. Women, however, might include other parts of the brain, like the part connected with "reason" and the part connected with sensitivity when solving a problem. Women take a less direct path to find a solution. Thanks for your listening. I'm your announcer Anna Matteo. What can be inferred from the passage?
|
[
"Men like doing something difficult.",
"Men take a less direct path to find a solution.",
"Women usually deal with a problem indirectly.",
"Women brains have more connections on one side."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
|
[
"A computer processor is made in a factory. It is a solid.",
"Native copper is a solid. It is a pure substance.",
"Magnetite is a solid. It is a pure substance."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When you think of all the ways your body can get hurt---falling off a bike, stepping on a nail, being bitten by a crazed dog---the aches and pains that come from sitting at a computer may not seem like much. But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line. _ is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that's working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer. The monitor You should not have to tilt your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen. How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen. The keyboard It should be directly in front of you. Don't unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists "neutral," which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles. Arms should be close to the body. Don't look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don't have to reach for it. The chair Your feet shouldn't dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there. The Body If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine. Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat. How high should a monitor be placed according to the passage?
|
[
"As high as your arms.",
"A little higher than your eyes.",
"A little lower than your eyes.",
"At the same level as your eyes."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?
|
[
"a bicycle that moved 130miles west in 10hours",
"a bicycle that moved 55miles north in 10hours",
"a bicycle that moved 170miles west in 10hours"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
All over the world, the global diet includes fast food--prepared items from inexpensive restaurants, snack bars, or food stands. Some examples of American fast food are hamburgers, hot dogs, sandwiches, fried chicken, and so on. Some types of international fast foods might be German sausage and Schnitzel, Italian pizza, Japanese sushi and tempura, Chinese eggrolls and noodles and the like. The variety of fast foods all over the world is growing. Even so, this kind of style is becoming worldwide. Fast-food places usually prepare and serve the items quickly. Many are part of fast-food chains (eating places with the same name and company owner). For example, the biggest and most famous American fast-food chain serves hamburgers in nearly every part of the world. For several reasons, many people choose fast food. First, it is quick and convenient. Second, it is cheaper than special home-cooked meals or formal restaurant dinners. And third, it is easy to find every eating place with the same company name. The atmosphere and style of most fast-food places is casual, comfortable, and familiar. Why do other eaters stay away from this fast, easy kind of nourishment? The main reason is its low nutritional value. Fast food doesn't have large amounts of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and the like-elements necessary for good nutrition and health. In contrast , most types of fast food have a lot of fat, sugar, or salt in them. Possibly, these things can cause or increase health disorders, like heart disease, and some kinds of cancer. Recently, these quick and easy kinds of world wide nourishment are generally getting better and more healthful. For example, many fast-food restaurants now have put vegetable items on their menus. Of course, human beings around the world don't always eat in fast-food places.The variety of food choices is large now and is probably going to increase. The number of food preparation methods is growing too. Cooking customs, eating habits, and food preferences all over the world are becoming more healthful. In these and other ways, the global diet is changing. The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"the changing global diet",
"the increasing types of diet",
"the reason why people choose fast food",
"the reason why people dislike fast food"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The US space agency NASA is looking for people to go to Mars, and stay there. This attractive career is for people who want a huge change of scenery and planet. The project is called the Hundred Years Starship, which aims to colonize other lands such as the red planet Mars. Settlers would travel to the red planet and live there forever. NASA says it would be too expensive to bring humans back to Earth. The space agency can afford, however, to send supplies to the astronaut pioneers from Earth. Astronauts would be landed on the planet's surface and would never be able to return home due to the cost. NASA has started the project with $1.6 million, and hopes to attract investment from space-living billionaires. Google co-founder Larry Page told NASA he would be interested if the cost of a one-way ticket can go down from $10 billion to $2 billion. The journey to Mars could take 4 months. Setting on the red planet would be extremely dangerous, especially given the freezing temperatures there. The thin atmosphere would be another problem as it is mostly carbon dioxide, so oxygen supplies are a must. A director in NASA said that he believed the trip might start with visiting Mars's moons first. He claimed that humans could be on Mars's moons by 2030. Many scientists think colonizing space is absolutely necessary. Steven Hawking believes we must move to other planets to survive as a species. He said: "Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe." Scientists Dirk' Schulze-Makuch and Paul Davies also call it a "desirable goal", though there surely are huge risks to explore new lands. Which of the following is TRUE about the Hundred Years Starship?
|
[
"It has cost NASA around $10 billion.",
"It is expected to be conducted on Mars in 2030.",
"It aims to explore new lands in the universe.",
"It is a project first raise by Steven Hawking."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. There are hundreds of kinds of sharks. Most are about two meters long. The dogfish shark, however, is less than twenty centimeters in length. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of matters in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean. Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of all sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal. Sharks are important for the world's oceans. They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too large. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans. People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased because many parts of a shark are valuable.Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark. Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin A. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins. Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth, but some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth. If too many sharks in one area are killed, that group of sharks may never return to normal population levels. According to the passage, many parts of a shark are valuable EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"its jaws",
"its liver",
"shark fins",
"shark teeth"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Glynis I piled on the pounds and I couldn't lose them. Then I joined a slimming club. My target weight was 140 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months. I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked. But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits. I told myself I'd lose the weight at slimming classes in the next year, but it didn't happen. Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on. I'd lost will power and tried to believe the saying that fish and chips didn't make any difference but the scales don't lie. Roz To be honest, I never weigh myself any more. I've leant to be happy with myself. It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips. My idea is simple. You shouldn't think too much about food and dieting. Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a super-thin body. This is obviously the size I'm meant to be and, most of all I'm happy with it. Lesley I was very happy about winning Young Slimmer of the Year. I'd look in the mirror, unable to believe this slim lady was me! That might have been my problem-perhaps from then on I didn't pay any attention to myself. Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you. I feel a complete failure because I've put on weight again. Ros Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I'd always been about 110 pounds, but the pleasant environment went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year. Every so often I try to go on a diet. I always do well in the first few days, then end up having the children's leftovers or eating chocolate happily-my weakness. I'd like to be slim. I decided to take more exercise when my kids are older. What are the four women talking about?
|
[
"Their figure.",
"Their future life.",
"Their work as a housewife.",
"Their eating habits."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one true statement.
|
[
"Lysosomes contain the master plan for all cell activities and cell development in animal cells.",
"Plant cells can have mitochondria but do not have vacuoles.",
"The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave a plant cell."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A scientist has collected monthly population counts of three animal species in a forest for five years. To display this data, the scientist should use which of the following?
|
[
"a table",
"a pie chart",
"a line graph",
"a scatterplot"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
I once thought that outer beauty is the only factor to become a great person.When I was young,I read many kinds of books,most of which described characters who are handsome or beautiful. So I think that being beautiful is the only way to become a success. As I grew up,the story of my best friend made me realize that outer beauty was not so important to make a person successful.She as so beautiful a girl that every classmate liked to chat with her,but she was very arrogant.In her opinion,she could get all she wanted because of her beauty, but all of her friends left her one by one! Only then did she come to know the importance of the beauty in a person's heart,which changed her attitude and she made friends again. Turning on TV,we can see many advertisements,most of which seem to give us a feeling that,physical attractiveness is the most important thing.T _ .It is surprising that more and more people,especially girls and women, try it like the first man-made beauty in China, Hao Lulu.It is a common sense that attractive people can easily find work.Most good looking guys,usually get higher scores in the job interviews. But, what is real beauty? I want to say that is inner beauty because those who have beauty in their soul are really beautiful persons. As is known, the beauty judged with eyes is temporary,so we should concentrate on inner beauty. And if we make the efforts to make our minds beautiful,we'll live a happier life. Why did the author want to have a good appearance when she was young?
|
[
"Because she wanted to be one of the characters in the book.",
"Because she wanted to get higher scores in the job interviews.",
"Because she wanted to follow her friend's example mentioned in the passage.",
"Because the successful characters in the books she read were attractive."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
LEEDS, England--A Leeds University psychology professor is researching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies. "The hate we hold within us is a cancer." Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease. More than 70 people have become volunteers in Hart's first 20-week workshop in London--a course he says is the first of its kind in the world. These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart. The students meet in each group of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with a director every two weeks. The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. "People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness," he said, "People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one." Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed. "The main idea is to give you guidances on how to look at all kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with," said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project. Hart said, "I believe forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people want to get free of the past." If you are a volunteer in Hart's workshop, you'll _ .
|
[
"meet in eight or ten groups",
"get rid of the illness of cancer",
"attend a gathering twice a month",
"pour out everything stored in your mind"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A mad scientist is spawning a Xenomorph and wants to know how many acid dripping fangs it'll have. What is the best tool at his disposal to acquire this information?
|
[
"a Punnett chart",
"square Ouija board",
"square plastic beaker",
"today's weather forecast"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is there intelligent life on other planets? For years, scientists said "no." or "we don't know." But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers . They believe intelligent life exists somewhere in the universe. They also think we sill soon contact these beings(;). Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. "This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size--the universe is huge. "Tools like the Hubble Telescope have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth." In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover smaller planets--the size of Mars or Earth--in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life. Have beings from space already visited Earth? "Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, such as radio signals . In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other." Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are _ .
|
[
"astronomers",
"farmers",
"singers",
"drivers"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Researchers are placing robotic dogs in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people's depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction. "No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated ," Edwards points out. "The problem is how we promote that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution." In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activities before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner. "I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice," says a seventy-year-old lady. "When I'm watching TV, he'll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own." The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns. "At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog because it was metal and not furry," Beck says. "But it's amazing how quickly we have given up that belief." "Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more valuable health helper. They will record their masters' blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people's minds." What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?
|
[
"It can watch TV with its owner.",
"It can help the disabled people.",
"It responds to all the human orders.",
"It is easier to keep at home."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Tisha inherited this trait?
|
[
"Tisha's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Tisha.",
"Tisha and her father both have dark hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A fox gave birth to an offspring that had a better sense of hearing than most foxes. How could this small change most likely result in descendants that are different from the original fox?
|
[
"Foxes that have a better sense of hearing may mutate more frequently than other foxes.",
"Foxes that have a better sense of hearing may be hunted more frequently.",
"Over time, descendants of this fox may hear and hunt prey better than other foxes.",
"Over time, descendants of this fox may become extinct."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
It is common for older people to forget things. Now an American study has found that memory starts to fail when we are young adults. People younger than thirty years of age usually do not know that they are starting to forget information. But scientists from the University of Michigan say the loss of memory has usually already started. Researchers say people do not observe this slow reduction in mental ability until the loss affects their everyday activities. Denise Park led the new study. She directs the Centre for Aging and Cognition at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Her team studied more than 350 men and women between the ages of twenty and ninety years. The study identified people in their middle twenties with memory problems. She says young adults do not know they are forgetting things because their brains have more information than they need. But she says that people in their twenties and thirties are losing memory at the same rate as people in their sixties and seventies. Ms. Park says people between the ages of sixty and seventy may note the decrease in their mental abilities. They begin to observe that they are having more trouble remembering and learning new information. The study found that older adults are more likely to remember false information as being true. For example, they remembered false medical claims as being true. Younger people remembered hearing the information. But they were more likely to remember that it was false. Ms. Park is now using modern imaging equipment to study what happens in the brains of people of different ages. She is studying what parts of the brain older adults use for different activities compared to younger adults. Ms. Park says mental performance is a direct result of brain activity and brain structure. She says keeping the brain active is important. She hopes future studies will identify ways to improve the operation of our aging minds. It can be inferred from what Denis Park says that _ .
|
[
"mental performance can be improved",
"mental ability is determined entirely by brain structure",
"people of different ages use different parts of the brain for memorizing",
"different parts of the brain are responsible for different mental activities"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
To wash yourself, you take a bath or a shower. Animals need to keep clean, too. How do animals clean themselves? Cats themselves to keep their fur clean. Have you ever watched a pet cat clean itself? Elephants take baths much as you do. But instead of jumping into the , they walk into a river or lake. Pigs also like to roll around in water. This keeps them clean and cool. If there is no clean water, they will roll in on a hot day. They do this to cool off. Pigs do not really like mud. They are happier in a nice, clean pond . Bats have a funny way to keep clean. They lick their thumbs to clean their ears! Guess how polar bears clean themselves. They use snow, of course! Some animals take baths in dust instead of water! The wombat is an Australian animal with lots of fur. To get clean, it lies down. Then it covers itself with sand! Birds clean themselves in many ways. Sometimes they wash in water. That's why some people put birdbaths in their yard. At other times birds take dust baths, just like wombats. Birds also use their to keep their feathers clean. They use their beaks the way you use a comb. Sometimes a bird has in its feathers. Birds may use ants to help them clean off the bugs. A bird will lie down on an ant nest. Then the ants will crawl on the bird. The ants make a kind of bug on the feathers;. Then the itchy bugs die! Birds take baths in something else besides dust and ants! Some birds take "smoke baths" They sit on chimneys. They wave their wings in the smoke! This passage mainly tells us _ .
|
[
"why some people put birdbaths in their yard",
"why birds allow ants to crawl on their body",
"how animals cool off on hot days",
"how some animals keep clean"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Human Capital - How what you know shapes your life Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 20 Feb 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264029088 Price: C15 I $19 1$10 This book explores the influence of education and learning on our societies and lives and examines what countries are doing to provide education and training to support people throughout their lives. Economic Policy Reforms -- Going/or Growth, 2007 Edition Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 15 Feb 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264030473 Price: $60|$75|$41 Based on a broad set of indicators of structural policies and performance, Going for Grcwth 2007 takes stock of the recent progress made in implementing policy reforms and identifies, for each OECD country, five policy priorities to lift growth. Climate Change in the European Alps -- Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 22 Jan 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264031685 Price: $24 $32$ 17 The first systematic cross-country analysis of snow-reliability of Alpine ski areas under climate change for five countries in the region: France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy and Germany. OECD in Figures 2006--2007--Statistics on the Member Countries -- OECD Observer-- Volume 2006 Supplement 1 Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 05 Jan 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264022638 Price.; $15 |$20 |$10 A handy pocket reference containing key data covering the entire range of OECD work including the economy, employment, health, education, migration, the environment, science and technology, public finances, agriculture, trade, and development aid. OECD Economic Outlook -- December No, 80 -- Volume 2006 Issue 2 Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 26 Jan 2007 language-English ISBN: 9789264030954 Price: $80 | $97|$55 OECD's twice yearly assessment and projections for the economies of the OECD area and selected non-members. This edition also looks at the rise in household debt. You should afford _ Euro dollars for a book to know about the recent progress in economic policies in the OECD countries.
|
[
"60",
"15",
"55",
"80"
] | 0A
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory, researchers say. A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers. And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers. The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university's campus. Those who took part were asked to recall small details, such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points-known as real world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks. Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, "Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States, it's important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example. " "This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an _ on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too. '' The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan and Dr. Terence O'Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking-toxins left on curtains and furniture. According to Dr. Tom Heffernan, the findings _ .
|
[
"would be really a surprise to the public",
"would contribute to fighting against smoking",
"would be used in real world memory test",
"would be nothing new to the researchers"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you know that women's brains are smaller than men's? Normally the women's brain weighs 10% less than men's. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it's what's inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain is made up of "grey matter" and "white matter". While men have more of the white matter, the amount of "thinking" brain is almost the same in both men and women. It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls may learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of different information at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it's women who come out on top every time. There are other important differences between two sexes . As white matter is the key to spatial tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. "A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go," says one researcher. That may explain one of life's great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions ... and women often need to! The differences begin when fetuses are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children when they are very young. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would ask for help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research. The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"ways of being more intelligent",
"differences between men and women",
"studies on brains between two sexes",
"studies on white matter and grey matter"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bicycle Safety Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus. Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack ---even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen. Equipment Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly. Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly. Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea. Rules of the Road Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go. Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine. If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for: No bicycle registration-----------------------------------------------------$25 Bicycle parking banned---------------------------------------------------$30 Blocking path with bicycle ----------------------------------------------$40 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -------------------------$35 If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _ .
|
[
"$25",
"$30",
"$35",
"$40"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants -- the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences from two fossils , mammoths,and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, "We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950,all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority for conservation purposes." One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of _ .
|
[
"the Asian elephant",
"the forest elephant",
"the savanna elephant",
"the mastodon elephant"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Eleven top universities are joining the Open University to launch free Internet courses. King's College London, along with the Universities of Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, East Anglia, Exeter, Lancaster, Leeds, Southampton, St Andrews and Warwick, has partnered with FutureLearn, a company set up by the Open University that will offer free and non-credit bearing courses to Internet-users around the world. The courses are modeled on the US phenomenon "Massive open online courses" ( Moocs ), which have attracted millions of users around the world and are especially popular in emerging economies. FutureLearn will improve UK institutions for international students, said Prof Martin Bean, voice-chancellor of the Open University. "At the moment, foreign students' _ of UK Universities is: wonderful history, great tradition, really good teaching, but a bit boring." Leeds University says the partnership will benefit students studying on campus. "Students will have access to a rich set of resources from both Leeds and our partners. They can also broaden their education beyond their main subject areas." The UK higher education industry stands among the top five export earners for Britain Moocs have grown rapidly in the US over the past year, with two providers leading the field. Coursera offers courses from 33 Universities, including Princeton, Brown, Columbia and Duke, and has reached more than 1.7 million users, EdX, a nonprofit start-up from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology courses this autumn. Simon Nelson, one of the key architects of BBC Online, will head FutureLearn as launch CEO. "It's really meaningful for these universities to come together -we'll punch much harder collectively than any other university will individually," he said. Partner Institutions will be responsible for their own content while the OU, which has been providing distance-learning courses since 1971, will assist with course delivery and infrastructure. Details of further universities will be revealed next year, as will the courses on offer. What is implied in Simon's words?
|
[
"It's really meaningful for these universities to cooperate.",
"Single university can't do the work very well.",
"These universities will compete with each other.",
"Joint efforts by these top universities will help the program go more smoothly."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the pod shape trait?
|
[
"constricted pods",
"inflated pods"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sharing not only exists between humanbeings.As is often seen that some plants and anima1s live close together, and they depend on each other. They are usually very different from their partner, and yet all live easier lives because of each other. It is nature's idea of sharing. An example of a partnership is the shark and pilot fish. The pilot fish is a little fish only about nine inches long. He would be. helpless if he hung around by himself in the mighty ocean. He makes up for his size with his smartness. He cleverly swims along beside the shark. When the shark eats, the pilot fish gets the leftovers. And the pilot fish needn't worry about his safety. The shark also gets benefits from this relationship. The pilot fish cleans food scraps and insects from the shark's hide. Another example of depending on each other is the sea anemone and striped clown fish. The sea anemone looks like a flower and has petals that contain poisonous stinging cells. When small fish swim into the petals, the anemone traps and paralyzes them. However,the striped clown fish is able to swim into the poisonous petals without being harmed. When he is in danger, he quickly swims into the sea anemone and is unable to be seen by his enemies. To pay for his safety,the clown fish brings food to the anemone. He also guides other fish into the anemone's deadly trap. Large mammals such as the ox, antelope, rhinoceroses and African buffalo form such a relationship with the red-billed ox-peeker. They provide daily meals for the bird. In fact the bird eats insects. The various large mammals act as a restaurant with a varied menu for the ox-peeker. What do they get in return from the bird? Free beauty treatments! Some plants live together in a beneficial relationship of symbiosis. The fungus does not have chlorophyll that plants need to make food. However, green algae does contain chlorophyll. It is, therefore, able to feed the fungus along with itself. But nothing is free! The fungus repays it by protecting the algae. Since it takes in and stores water, it can provide the algae with a non-ending water supply. What is the structure of the passage?
|
[
"123-45",
"1234-5",
"1-234-5",
"1-2345"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is the Panama Canal?
|
[
"80 kilometers",
"80 millimeters",
"80 centimeters",
"80 meters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When my mother was alive, she used to tell me again and again about the value of just being nice. "Never underestimate the power of a smile," she would say. I fear she would be very disappointed looking at the world today. A lot of people don't smile and when it comes to service today, they're just not nice. Now don't give me wrong, not all service workers but a good many. I was on the phone the other day with a computer help desk. First a man, then later a woman, who couldn't have been ruder. And this to a customer, who didn't know his way around a PC. But no matter, I could tell they thought I was a bother, The woman, in fact, seemed to be chewing gum as she unemotionally clicked off a series of commands for me to perform. The next day I heard from a friend of mine who got a performance review without his boss once looking up at him. Not once. You see it everywhere. Gone are the days when people cared about you. It's a sign of the time, I suspect. But that makes me sad -- for them and for us all. People who aren't happy, who don't smile, who don't kid, who don't joke or make light of even bad situations, make for an even worse situation. And it spreads like a cancer. Someone's rude to you, you're rude to them and to the next fellow you meet, and on and on. Smiles are contagious but so annoyances. The boss who can't be bothered with his workers. The celebrity who can't be bothered with her annoying fans. You know, my mom used to judge presidential candidates by how they smiled. I would say, "But mom, you don't know if that smile is real." "Oh, yes I do," she would tell me. "I can feel it." It's in their eyes, she would say. And it's in their smile. The rest just kind of falls into place. When someone is rude to you, you're advised to _ .
|
[
"be rude to the next person",
"be nice to the people you meet",
"become one just like him or her",
"make for a worse situation"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following best shows the basic three-step energy transformation for a battery-operated radio?
|
[
"Acoustical -> Mechanical -> Electrical",
"Mechanical -> Acoustical -> Chemical",
"Chemical -> Electrical -> Acoustical",
"Electrical -> Acoustical -> Chemical"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What information supports the conclusion that Judith acquired this trait?
|
[
"Judith learned how to make chili from a recipe book.",
"When Judith was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers.",
"Judith's friends like to make chili with her."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Most of us are used to seasons. Each year, spring follows winter, which follows autumn, which follows summer, which follows spring. And winter is colder than summer. But the earth goes through temperature cycles over much longer periods than those that we experience. Between 65,000 and 35,000 years ago, the planet was much colder than it is now. During that time the temperature also changed a lot, with periods of warming and cooling. Ice melted during the warm periods, which made sea levels rise. Water froze again during the cold periods. A new study from Switzerland, sheds light on where ice sheets melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth, rather than just in either northern or southern regions. This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern. Scientists have long assumed that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere during the 30,000-year long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up. The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern hemisphere that ice melted, there would have been a bigger impact on ocean currents and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern hemisphere would have been impossible, too. The only reasonable conclusion, the scientists could make, was that ice melted equally in the North and the South. It is still a mystery as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt. The scientists are not sure _ .
|
[
"how long the ice age lasted",
"where ice sheets melted during the ice age",
"what caused the temperature changes",
"what the earth is made up of"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you know a child who has used first aid to save a life or help an injured person? St.John Ambulance is seeking young people who have acted quickly, calmly and effectively at a real emergency for its annual Young First Aider of the Year awards. The awards are open to all those under 18, and the closing date for nomination is April 30, 2016.The winners will be invited to attend a special ceremony in June, 2016. "St.John Ambulance believes it is essential for young people to learn first aid so that they can help anyone who is injured," said Sandra Stocker, director of St.John Ambulance Awards Committee."The Young First Aider of the Year is a wonderful way to celebrate their bravery and quick-thinking." Nomination for the Young First Aider of the Year is now open.Please complete and return the nomination forms as soon as possible and certainly no later than April 30, 2016.The committee will decide which of the nominees will receive the Young First Aider of the Year awards by considering the actions of the nominees along with their ages and other factors.You should send any evidence you have with the nomination form, showing the nominees' actions. Examples of evidence could include: * Newspaper clippings of the incident. * Police incident record numbers. Once a nomination form is received, the nominee or nominator may be approached for further details of the incident.For further information please get in touch with Sandra Stocker by email or on 020-73244082 or 020-732440813. Find out who our winners will be for 2016. If you suggest someone for the awards, you should _ .
|
[
"attend the awards ceremony",
"make a speech introducing yourself",
"provide the details of the incident",
"have a good knowledge about first aid"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along _ . Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. However, it wasn't all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission. In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behavior. They are learning how to talk each other's language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk 'dog', and dogs can learn how to talk 'cat'. What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other's body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other's presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom each other. The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets -- to people who don't get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?
|
[
"We should learn to live in harmony.",
"We should know more about animals.",
"We should live in peace with animals.",
"We should learn more body languages."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American researchers have developed a technique that may become an important tool in fighting AIDS virus from attacking its target-cells in the body's defense system.When AIDS virus enters the blood,it searches for blood cells called T4 lymphocytes .The virus connects to the outside of T4 lymphocytes.Then it forces its way inside.There it directs the cells' genetic material to produce copies of the AIDS virus.This is how AIDS spreads. Researchers think they may be able to stop AIDS from connecting to T4 ceils.When AIDS virus finds a T4 cell,it actually connects to a part of the cell called CD4 protein. Researchers want to fool the virus by putting copies or clones of the CD4 protein into the blood.This way the AIDS virus will connect to cloned protein instead of the real ones.Scientists use genetic engineering methods to make the clones.Normally a CD4 protein remains on the T4 cell at all times;the AIDS virus must go to it. In a new technique,however,the cloned CD4 protein is not connected to a cell.It floats freely,so a lot more can be put into the blood to keep the AIDS virus away from real CD4 protein on T4 cells.One report says the.AIDS virus connects to cloned protein just as effectively as it connects to real protein.That report was based on tests with blood cells grown in labs.The technique is just now beginning to be tested in animals.If successful,it may be tested in humans within a year. The best title for this passage is _ .
|
[
"AIDS-a deadly disease",
"A new technique in fighting AIDS",
"The spread of AIDS virus",
"The cloned CD4 protein"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If an autosomal recessive disorder which shows Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has an incidence of 1 in 6400 then the frequency of carriers is approximately _______.
|
[
"1 in 20",
"1 in 40",
"1 in 80",
"1 in 160"
] | 1B
|
medical_genetics
|
mmlu
|
The largest outbreak of the deadly disease Ebola was caused by an infected bat biting a toddler, say a group of international researchers. The 17-strong team of European and African tropical disease researchers, ecologists and anthropologists have spent three weeks investigating the outbreak of the disease in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. The researchers captured the bats and other creatures near the village of Meliandoua in remote eastern Guinea, where the disease began in December 2013. The boy was bitten and passed the infection on to his mother and both died within a week. The disease was then spread far and wide by the people who came to the funeral. Most of the previous outbreaks have been caused by meat from dead infected animals collected by hunters who then sell it on. Fruit bats, however, are widely eaten in rural West Africa. The team, led by epidemiologist Herr Leendertz, a disease ecologist at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, are expected to publish their results in a major journal soon. Herr Leendertz's team believe that an infected straw-colored fruit bat brought the disease to Guinea. The mammals are known to travel long distances and usually settle in forests near cities. Herr Leendertz said, " The evidence is not 100 percent and we can only say that it is possible. They can travel far in one night. I don't think an individual bat or colony migrated all the way from Congo or Gabon to West Africa. These big colonies are connected. There is a possibility for the virus to mix between colonies. The bats share the same fruit. It is likely not to have even been one species of bat. The virus may jump from one species to another." If the bat theory is confirmed, the locals would try to destroy the colonies, which, Herr Leendertz says, would be an ecological disaster, because bats pollinate plants and kill insects. And bat hunts would also only increase human contact with potentially infected animals. What's the purpose of the 17-strong team?
|
[
"To look into the outbreak of Ebola.",
"To help the people who suffer from Ebola.",
"To help cure the infected boy of Ebola.",
"To make a study of the bats including fruit bats."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last month we reported about a study that showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart. The study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The scientists used a computer model to predict how just three grams less salt a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes , four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers said it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt. Such campaigns are already in place in Britain, Japan and Finland. Michael Alderman is among the critics. He is a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Doctor Alderman says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure. But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes. And he says salt has other biological effects. He says calling for reduction in the national diet could have good effects, but it could also have harmful results. He says there is not enough evidence _ . Another critic is David McCarron, a nutrition and kidney disease expert at the University of California, Davis. He and his team looked at large studies of diets in thirty-three countries. They found that most people around the world eat about the same amount of salt. Most of them eat more salt than American health officials advise. Doctor McCarron says the worldwide similarity suggests that a person's brain might decide how much salt to eat. Both Doctor McCarron and Doctor Alderman have connections to the Salt Institute, a trade group for the salt industry. Doctor Alderman is a member of an advisory committee. But he says he receives no money from the group. Doctor McCarron is paid for offering advice to the Salt Institute. Which of the following about Michael Alderman is NOT TRUE?
|
[
"He is a high blood pressure expert.",
"He says eating less salt results in lower blood pressure.",
"He agrees lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes.",
"He is a professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Students learn many subjects at school, like Chinese, English, math and physics. Some students think it's hard to do well in math. They say it's boring. Why do they say this? First, some math problems are so hard for them. They spend a lot of time on them, but they can't work them out, so they lost heart . Second, they are afraid( ) to ask their teachers for help. They think the teachers will laugh at them. Third, they think math class is very tiring because they need to use their brain to find out the answers all the time. How can you do well in math? Here is some advice from a math teacher: 1. Listen to the teacher carefully in class and do some extra exercises after class. 2. Ask the teacher for help if you don't understand anything. Don't be afraid. 3. Don't forget to go over your old lessons. If you do these things, you will find it much easier to do better in math. Some students think math class is very tiring because _
|
[
"they have to listen to the teacher.",
"they have to look after themselves.",
"they need to use their brain to find out the answers all the time.",
"they need to help their classmates."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are three branches of medicine. One is called "doctor medicine" or "scientific medicine". Scientific doctors try to observe sickness, look for logical pattern, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4thcentury BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient this approach probably did not cure many patients. The second kind of medicine is called "natural cures" or "folk medicine", in which less educated people try to cure sickness with various herbs. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times. The third kind is called "health spas" or "faith healing". Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell , to cure you. Some religious groups organize healing shrines for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better. Doctor medicine _ .
|
[
"has a longer history than folk medicine",
"has been practiced for around 2,400 years",
"bases its treatments on observation and logic",
"was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A letter to Edward, a columnist Dear Mr Expert: I grew up in an unhappy and abusive home. I always Promised myself that I'd get out as soon as possible. Now, at age 20,I have a good job and a nice house, and I'm really proud of the independence I've achieved. Here's the problem: several of my friends who still live with their parents wish they had places like mine -- so much so that they make mine theirs. It started out with a couple of them spending the weekends with me. But now they seem to take it for granted that they can shou up any time they like. They bring boyfriends over, talk on the phone and stay out forever. I enjoy having my friends here sometimes-- it makes the place feel comfortable and warm-- but this is my home, not a party house. I was old enough to move out on my own, so why can't I seem to ask my friends to respect my privacy ? Joan Edward's reply to Joan Dear Joan: If your family didn't pay attention to your needs when you were a child, you probably have trouble letting others know your needs now. And if you've gathesed yourfriends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere ,you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with-- or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy. You need to understand that in true friendship it's okay to put your own needs first from time to time. Be clear about the message you want to send. For example, "I really love your company but I also need some privacy. So please call before you come over." According to Mr Expert, why can't Joan tell her friends her feelings?
|
[
"She is afraid of hurting her friends.",
"She does not understand true friendship.",
"Her family experience stops her from doing so.",
"She does not put her needs first."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jerry Morris died on 28 October 2009. He was 99 years old. You have probably never heard of him. He was a professor of public health. More than 50 years ago he produced one of the most famous epidemiological papers of the 20th century. His study showed that bus conductors were much less likely to die of heart disease than bus drivers. Why? Because the conductors spent their working day walking. It seems obvious now but in the middle of the last century doctors were puzzled by the rising numbers of people who got heart diseases. Jerry Morris found one of the main causes: a sedentary lifestyle. He started exercising for a few minutes each day and lived until his 100th year. If you wish to protect your heart, you have to do more than wander in the garden. The exercise needs to be reasonable. Jogging is not for everyone and a round trip to the gym takes a couple of hours, plus the monthly membership fee is only good value if you visit regularly. The answer is simple: walk. A half-hour purposeful walk five times a week will lower your risk of heart disease, diabetes and strokes. Older people sometimes feel they have left it too late. But it is never too late to start and there are no upper age limits. Start gently. Take your time: a 15-minute flat walk in the nearest park, four or five times a week. Within a month or so, you are already beginning to protect your heart. Build the walks up. When you can comfortably walk for half an hour in the park, go further: try following rivers and canals. Regular walkers have their own natural gymnasium. There is no membership fee, just some of the finest scenery in the world. Great Britain is the walker's gym. When you have followed the rivers and canals, and are enjoying walking for a couple of hours, head for the coast. Once again, build it up slowly. When you are comfortable with long coastal walks, you can think of our national parks. What suggestion does the writer give about walking?
|
[
"Parks are the best place for walking.",
"Starters should not push themselves too hard.",
"A two-quarter walk a day is suitable for starters.",
"People of old age might not be fit enough to start walking."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
OSLO ( Reuters) -Six of the world's eight bear species are under threat of extinction after the addition yesterday of the sun bear, the world's smallest type of bear, to a "Red List" which says China's panda is most at risk. The sun bear is threatened partly by poachers who sell its bile as medicine, said the World Conservation Union which runs the list of the threatened wildlife. "Things are getting worse for all the bear species except the American black bear which is unquestionably increasing," said Simon Smart, senior species adviser for the Union. The addition of the sun bear to the authoritative "Red List" after a major review means the American black bear and the brown bear, found from Europe to Alaska, are the only two of eight species still considered robust . The sun bear, found in Asia from Bangladesh to Borneo and weighing up to about 70kg, was rated "vulnerable " by experts at the Union,which consists of more than 80 governments, conservation groups and scientists. The union said there were several thousand sun bears in the wild. "We estimate that sun bears have declined by at least 30 percent over the past 30 years, and continue to decline at this speed," said Ron Steinmetz, head of the Swiss- based Union's sun bear expert team. Scientists did not change the level of threat to any bear species (except sun bears). Deforestation, loss of habitat to roads and cities and poaching are among risks. The Asian black bear, the sloth bear and the Andean bear were all proved again as vulnerable after reassessment of land-living bears. The polar, the only species not reassessed, is separately rated as vulnerable. Pandas were regarded again as endangered, one step closer to extinction than vulnerable, in spite of China's protection efforts for the bamboo-eaters. According to the text, pandas.
|
[
"are in the greatest danger of extinction on the \"Red List\"",
"are in less danger of extinction now with the China's protection efforts",
"are one step closer to extinction than ever before",
"are not among the 8 bears mentioned in the text"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An engineer measured the time it takes sound to travel through samples of different materials. All of the samples were identical in shape and size. The measurements were made using ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 5 megahertz. Which question was the engineer most likely trying to answer?
|
[
"In which material does sound travel fastest?",
"In which material does sound travel farthest?",
"Does frequency affect the distance sound travels?",
"Does the shape of the medium affect the speed of sound?"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Edward Wilson The Future of Life, . Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world's, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world's natural resources . How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth. Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today's Walden Pond with that of Thoreau's day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Van the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future? Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book. We can infer that the text is _
|
[
"a description of natural resources",
"a research report",
"a book review",
"an introduction to a scientist."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If its food supply in a field decreases, the mouse population in that field will probably
|
[
"increase.",
"decrease.",
"remain the same.",
"become extinct."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Chlorophyll is good for allowing plants to absorb energy and
|
[
"is dry",
"is dead",
"is clear",
"is healthy"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How to apply for a free mailbox ? First you have to connect to the Internet and go to the homepage of the ICP providing free mailboxes. Then you will find an icon , an agreement about the rules for using the free mailbox will appear. If you want to go, click the icon "I agree". Then you have to fill in a form about your basic personal data, and the name and PIN of the mailbox. The PIN is the key to the mailbox. After finishing these, you will get a mailbox like this:your name @ mail server (for example:[email protected]. "tvguide" is the name of the mailbox, and "mail.cctv.com.cn" is the name of the mail server.). The mailbox is separated into two parts by a separator "@", which is read as "at". The former part is the name of the mailbox. The latter is the domain name of the mail server. All mails to you will be received by the server and put into your mailbox. You can read these mails on any computer on the Internet in the world, if you have the name and PIN of the mailbox. When you get a FREE mailbox, you can send an e-mail _ .
|
[
"by paying some money",
"to anyone",
"without paying money",
"anywhere"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One advantage of the Internet is shopping conveniently online for clothes; one disadvantage of the Internet is also shopping conveniently online for clothes. "Nothing fits," said Lam Yuk Wong, a senior in electrical and computer engineering at Rice University. "Everyone says this. They order clothes and they don't fit. People get very unhappy." Wong and her design partner, Xuaner "Cecilia" Zhang, are Team White Mirror, creators of what they call a "virtual fitting room". Their goal is simple and consumer-friendly: to let online clothing shoppers have a perfect fit and a perfect look when shopping every time. Both women are from China, Wong from Hong Kong and Zhang from Beijing. They both order most of their clothing online. They got the idea from their own experience as consumers and from listening to the complaints of friends and relatives. "They say, 'The color is wrong' or 'I got the right size but it still does not fit.' We want to make it like you're in the store trying on the clothes," Zhang said. Using a Kinect developed by Microsoft for use with its Xbox 360 video game player, Zhang scans Wong and turns her image into, in effect, a virtual model, keeping Wong's dimensions , and even her skin and hair color. "We put the clothes on the shopper's 3-D body models and show how they look when they are dressed," Wong said. So far, Wong and Zhang have adapted the software to show dresses and shirts, and they are now working on shorts. Asked if she thought men as well as women might be interested in using their virtual fitting room, Wong said, "I think their wives will care about this, so it will also be important to men." Wong and Zhang got the idea to design a virtual fitting room from _ .
|
[
"their shopping experiences",
"a program at their university",
"some shop-owners' complaints",
"the Xbox 360 video game player"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
the contents of which of these will attract a natural honey producer to it?
|
[
"a tree bark",
"a tree trunk",
"a colorful hibiscus",
"a green leaf"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How is a moth's life cycle most different from an insect that goes through incomplete metamorphosis?
|
[
"It creates a cocoon.",
"It becomes an adult.",
"It lays eggs.",
"It eats leaves."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Your mom's garden she worked hard on in the Spring will eventually lose its green in the Winter because flowers need certain temperatures to survive. In the winter, they will all
|
[
"fly away",
"cry",
"run",
"perish"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The koala is possibly one of the best known Australian animals, and is found in four states: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The word "koala" comes from an Australian aboriginal word meaning "no drink". Sometimes people call them "koala bears" but koala is not a bear. It belongs to a special group of Australian mammals, called marsupial . Female marsupials have a _ where the baby animals live after they are born. Koalas have soft, thick, grey or brown fur on their backs. The fur on the stomach is white. Koala that live in the south have thicker fur than those in the north because of the cold winters, whereas the koalas in the northern part of the country live in warm to hot weather most of the year so have thinner fur. A koala has a large hairless nose and round ears. Koalas don't have tails. Adult koalas measure between 7 and 14 kilograms. Koalas spend nearly all their time in the trees using their sharp, curved claws and long toes to climb about and to hold on to the tree branches. They sleep most of the day, and feed and move from tree to tree mainly at night. The reason koala sleep for much of the day is because their food eucalyptus leaves are very tough so they use a lot of energy to digest. Sleeping saves energy. Eucalyptus leaves are poisonous to almost every other animal. Koalas rarely drink water; they get water from the leaves they eat. Each koala has a home range made up of several trees that they visit regularly. They normally do not visit another koala's home trees except that a male is looking for a female to mate with. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the name "koala bear"?
|
[
"The name was given by the native in Australia",
"The word \"koala\" is an original English word",
"The name describes one of its living habits",
"The name is partly false"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
6 June, Saturday I read an article about people living in e-age yesterday. It talks about different ways of communicating like chatting on line, sending e-mails, sending different kinds of messages and keeping an online diary. The article says that people nowadays send e-mails at least once a day. I don't agree with this because I send e-mail only twice a week. However, I do check my e-mail once a day. I like receiving e-mails. About chatting online, the article says that chatting on line is becoming more and more popular among teenagers. I think this is true. Whenever I arrive at home, I turn on my computer and log on to chat online with my friends. I prefer chatting online to calling a friend, because I can chat with many friends at the same time. But I like using mobile phones. When I do not have my computer with me I can send short massages to my friends. I also like keeping in touch with them in this way. I keep an online diary four times a week. I like telling others what has happened to me. I think I am one of the people living in the e-age. I can live without computers or mobile phones. What about you? Can you live without computers or mobile phones? Posted 6:15 pm How often does the writer send e-mails?
|
[
"Sometimes.",
"Every day",
"Always.",
"Never"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some countries people even said that the sun was a god . They thought the god drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the sun. The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger. A long time ago, people said the sun was _ .
|
[
"a golden horse of god",
"a god on a golden horse",
"a god with golden dress",
"a god and a golden horse"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What prohibits cells from contorting into deformed shapes?
|
[
"helpful viruses help them retain their function",
"a prison cell wall contains them",
"the thin membrane which surrounds them",
"they have a Chilton's manual to guide them"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don't think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being. When cartoon book characters like the incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That's why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea. The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression . They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping. So it doesn't matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it's worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else. Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it's OK. Instead, it's a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past. The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to _ .
|
[
"support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health.",
"introduce a famous expert.",
"let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces.",
"show how to control one's temper."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement about photosynthesis and respiration is true?
|
[
"Photosynthesis stores energy and respiration releases energy.",
"Respiration stores energy and photosynthesis releases energy.",
"Photosynthesis and respiration are the same process.",
"Photosynthesis and respiration do not have anything to do with energy."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Isn't it astonishing how much time we spend talking about food? "Have you ever eaten ...?" "What did you have for lunch?" and so on. And yet when you travel from one country to another, you will find that people have quite different feelings about food. People often feel that what they eat is normal and that what other people eat is strange or silly. In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice. In England, people eat potatoes every day. In the Middle East, bread is the main part of every meal. Eating like so many things we do, becomes a habit which is difficult to change. Americans like to drink a lot of orange juice and coffee. The English drink tea four or five times every day. Australians drink a great deal of beer, and the French drink wine every day. The sort of meat people like to eat also differs from one country to another. Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France. In Hong Kong, some people enjoy eating snakes. New Zealanders eat sheep, but they never eat goat meat. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat because of its smell, but they enjoy eating raw fish . So it seems that although eating is a topic we can talk about for hours, there is very little common sense in what we say it. People everywhere enjoy eating what they have always eaten, and there is very little we can do to change our eating habits. People in different countries _ .
|
[
"drink the same sort of wine",
"have the same eating habit",
"eat different kinds of meat",
"have the same tea at different time within a day"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the relationship between tissues and organs?
|
[
"Organs are made from one type of tissue.",
"Tissues are made from one type of organ.",
"Tissues are made from different types of organs.",
"Organs are made from different types of tissues."
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a salt shaker?
|
[
"43 milliliters",
"43 liters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
On an elementary school playground, hundreds of children run and jump, smiling and laughing as they play. Watching sea otters playing in their own environment is like watching children at play. Sea otters, which are presently on the endangered species list, are experiencing an increase in population. Groups of sea otters live on the shores of the North Pacific Ocean. They are seldom found far from land but almost spend their entire lives at sea. The otter has been known to dive as deep as 180 feet and stay underwater as long as minutes. Each day the sea otter eats as much as one-fifth of its body weight in fish or shellfish. Not only are sea otters playful, they are also amazingly resourceful. Their favorite food, abalone , is protected by a thick shell that sea otters are unable to break with their teeth. Sea otters use stones from the ocean floor and break the abalone open on their bellies as they move slowly across the surface of the water on their backs, a behavior that makes them one of only a few animals on Earth, including human beings, to use tools! Their intelligence is also displayed while sleeping. In order not to move into dangerous waters, sea otters actually cover themselves with plants on the sea, which keep them in place before falling asleep. Because sea otters have a special means of keeping insulated , they can keep their body heat in their cold environment. They have unbelievably fine fur that traps tiny bubbles, and that keeps them comfortable when warmed by body heat. However, their fur loses this insulating quality if it becomes dirty. Sea otters have faced dangers from hunters in the past and from oil spills more recently. Fortunately, due to a 1911 agreement and to rescue and habitat protection efforts, the sea otter population has nearly recovered. The author mentioned playful children at the beginning in order to _ .
|
[
"show sea otters are fun to watch.",
"describe a scene where children play with sea otters.",
"compare children with sea otters.",
"discuss the problem faced by sea otters"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For his science project, Alan began a study of sugar maple trees. He noticed many differences among the sugar maple trees near his school. Which of the following three characteristics would vary the LEAST?
|
[
"height",
"number of leaves",
"type of seeds",
"trunk width"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back. Now science fiction has become science fact. For the first time, scientists have made a robot that can take a beating and keep on going. Scientists from Cornell University made the robot, which looks like a spider with four legs. Until now, even the most advanced robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged . That is because its computer inside simply doesn't know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed. To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors and two sensors that read how the machine is working. They all give signals to the machine's software. Using this information, the computer can then figure out the machine's shape at any moment. The new technology is a big advance in robot-making, scientists say, and it's far from scary. It may someday help scientists create better artificial arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose _ . It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space. "It has been difficult to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it's damaged," says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US. "With this work, we are nearer to solving this problem." Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged?
|
[
"They cannot repair themselves.",
"The computer has changed a lot.",
"They have no computers inside.",
"The computer cannot work if the robot changes"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a leather belt?
|
[
"30 yards",
"30 miles",
"30 feet",
"30 inches"
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which causes the GREATEST change in a grassy field over time?
|
[
"The time of day",
"Amount of yearly rainfall",
"Number of birds nesting",
"Seasonal migration of animals"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Here is an examination notice . Mrs. Dickson gave it to her students last week. To the students of Class 3 * Examinations start on January 22 and end on June 23. * The time for each of the subject is: English June 22 9:30 A.M.- 10:30 A.M. Math June 22 11:00 A.M.- 12:00 A.M. History June 22 2:30 P.M.-3:30 P.M. PE June 23 8:00 A.M.-10:00 A.M. Music June 23 1:00 P.M.-3:00 P.M. * For the PE test? go to the playground. For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests. They will be held in Classroom 3. * No student can get into the examination room more than 15 minutes after the exam starts. * No food or drink during ANY test. * No dictionaries during the English exam. * Wear pants and sports shoes for the PE exam. * If you have questions, go to the Teacher's Office before the tests. Tom still has some questions about the exams, he can _ .
|
[
"ask his teacher any time",
"find his teacher in the playground.",
"ask his teacher on June 22 or June 23.",
"go to the Teacher's office on June 21"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The term "bionic man" came from The Six Million Dollar Man which was a popular TV show in the U.S.A. in the 1970s. It was a story about a former astronaut whose body was rebuilt by using artificial parts after he nearly died. Now, a team of engineers has made a robot by using artificial organs , limbs and other body parts that comes close to a true "bionic man". The parts come from 17 manufacturers around the world. "This is the first time they've been assembled together," says Richard Walker, the director of a robot company. "It's an attempt to show the development of medical science," he says. Walker says the robot has about 60 to 70 percent of the function of a human. It stands six-and-a half feet tall and can step, sit and stand with the help of a walking machine. This kind of machine is used by people who have lost the ability to walk. It also has a functioning heart that beats and circulates artificial blood . Its blood carries oxygen just like human blood. Although the parts are used in the robot work, there is a long way to go. There are some key parts missing. There's no liver, skin or brain for the robot. The robot "bionic man" is used to _ .
|
[
"show the development of medical science",
"help those people who have lost the ability to walk",
"help the doctor do more experiments",
"make a popular TV show named \"The Six Million Dollar Man\""
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In China, more and more middle school students are getting shorter sleeping time than before. Most students sleep less than nine hours every night, because they have much homework to do. Some homework is given by their teachers, and some by their parents. Also, some students don't know how to save time. They are not careful enough while they do their homework, so it takes them a lot of time. Some students spend too much time watching TV or playing computer games. They stay up very late. Some students have to get up early every morning on weekdays to go to school in time by bus or by bike. It may be a long way from home to school. Schools and parents should cut down some of the homework so that our children can enjoy more than nine hours of sleep every night for their health. For children, we should make best use of our time. When we have enough time for sleeping, we will find it much better for both our study and health. Which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"Some students are so careless that they spend lots of time on homework.",
"All the students stay up late for their homework.",
"Children should be given less homework.",
"Schools and parents should take care of children."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Your best friend is possibly the most important person in your life. But sometimes friendship's road is not always smooth, or it's a total dead end. What do you do when this happens? Scenario 1: Drifting Apart You've found that your friend no longer wants to jog with you. She'd rather hit the chat rooms, or she's become crazy about hanging with her new interest. It's a _ when old friends start having less in common. But it might still be worth trying to get into your friend's new interest, trying something new on your own, or meet some new folks who like doing the things you enjoy. Another thing to try is talking to your friend about it- in a non-this-is-your-fault way. The goal is telling how you feel, not "winning". Scenario 2: Fights "Yes, he is." "No, he isn't." the argument could continue forever. No matter how sure you are that you're right, friendship is based on RESPECT. Since you and your friend aren't clones , you will disagree sometimes! Is it worth fighting over? If it is trivial , why not give it up? Agree to disagree and get on well with life. Even if you'll never agree, try to see the other person's viewpoint. At least honor his right to have his own opinions. Never get physical. Violence can make a small problem into a disaster. Scenario 3: End of the Road Is the friendship over? If you are not the one ending it, it feels as if a knife cut your heart into pieces. But the thing is that you can't force someone to be your friend. Give yourself time. But don't freeze in a looking-back, holding pattern . Be open to new friendship. You never know when the "best friend forever" will come along. The purpose of the passage is to teach you _ .
|
[
"how to mend a broken friendship",
"how to keep a long friendship",
"what to do when a friendship changes",
"what to do to win new friends"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force?
|
[
"a cart holding 95 pounds",
"a cart holding 61 pounds"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I'm Lisa from London,England,and I'm a vegetarian.That's someone who don't eat meat.Why am I a vegetarian? Well,I love animals,so I don't want to eat them.We can stay healthy if we eat onlv fruit and vegetables. A lot of people are vegetarians in England.There are a few shops and restaurantints that sell food Just for us.For example,there's a store near my house that makes lots of dishes with cheese and tofu. The tofu is great but I can't eat the cheese.It has too much fat. It's easy to be a vegetarian when I'm at home.1 cook lots of interesting dishes from grains and vegetables.I can make many different kinds of food,and I often cook meals for myfamily they aren't vegetarians,but they don't mind vegetarian food In some restaurants it is difficult to get vegetarian food.Last Sunday, I went to Steve's Steakhouse with my friends.They all wanted to eat roast beef. I looked for vegetarian food,but every dish had meat in it.I asked the waiter;"Can you give me something with no meat?"He asked,"Would you like some fish?""No,thanks,"1 said."I only want vegetables--no meat,and no fish.""But this is a steakhouse."said the waiter."People come here because they want to eat meat!" So we didn't eat in Steve's Steakhouse.We went to an Italian restaurant.My friends had meat pizzas(yuck!),and Ihad a big salad. Lisa doesn't 1ike the dishes with cheese because _ .
|
[
"there is some meat in them",
"there is too much tofu in them",
"there is lotts o f f at in them",
"they are from Steve's Steakhouse"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"dung beetle",
"rainbow boa",
"curlyhair tarantula",
"monarch butterfly"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following parts does an animal cell have?
|
[
"chloroplasts",
"cell membrane",
"cell wall"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Lisa plays soccer.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sleep is a basic human need, as basic as the need for oxygen. Getting a good night's sleep is not only directly related to how we feel the next day, but to our long-term health as well. However, many of us suffer from insomnia . Even more odf us report at least one night of restless sleep per week. This is a serious problem. Well, how can we make sure that we rest well and stay healthy? Here are some suggestions. If you can't sleep in the middle of the night, don't get up. The bright light will affect your body clock and worsen your insomnia. Stay in bed! Avoid short sleep during the day, except for a brief ten to fifteen-minute sleep between 2:00 and 4:00 P.M. Limit your time in bed to the average number of hours you 've actually slept per night last week. Don't try to make up for lost sleep. It can't be done. Get regular exercise each day, but finish at least six hours before bedtime. Exercising in the evening can help keep you awake. Take a hot bath for thirty minutes within two hours of bedtime. The bath will warm you, relax you, and make you feel sleepy. Keep our bedroom dark, quiet, and well ventilated . Keep a regular schedule seven days a week. Avoid sleeping late on weekends. Although it may feel good while you're doing it, sleeping late on weekend can lead to insomnia during the week. Don't drink alcohol . Although, having a drink before bed makes you sleep, alcohol loses its effects after a while. The secondary effects of alcohol can wake you up during the second half of your night's sleep. Keep the face of the clock in your bedroom turned away, and don't find out what time it is when you awaken in the night. The text mainly about _ .
|
[
"some effects of bad night's sleep",
"some advantages of having a good sleep",
"some reasons for insomnia",
"some keys to a better night's sleep"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some people have a kind of magic. They will make you comfortable while they are around. You feel at ease while talking to them. How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they'll help people feel relaxed and make friends with them quickly. First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, "At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a common question, but it will get things going." From there you can move on to other matters--sometimes to really personal questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems clear, but it isn't. Your questions should have a point and help to tell what kind of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively. Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the topic of conversation. If someone insists on one topic, it means he's really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to the voice. If the voice sounds bored, then, it's time for you to change the topic. Finally, good talkers know well how to deal with the moment of saying good-bye. If you're saying it, you may give him a handshake and say, "I've really enjoyed meeting you." If you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let people know your thoughts. If you really want to meet someone again, _ .
|
[
"you may take him as your lifelong true friend",
"it seems necessary for you to let him know it",
"it's proper for you to give him a second handshake",
"it'll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Unless the animal is native to a cold climate like Antarctica, it is going to need to stay warm enough in winter so it
|
[
"Stays alive",
"stays dead",
"in cream",
"in juice"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Orcas, or killer whales, are the largest of the dolphins and one of the world's most powerful animals feeding on meat. They feast on marine mammals such as seals, sea lions, and even whales, employing teeth that can be four inches (ten centimeters) long. They are known to grab seals right off the ice. They also eat fish, squid , and seabirds. Though they often frequent cold, coastal waters, orcas can be found from the polar regions to the Equator . Killer whales hunt in deadly groups, family groups of up to 40 individuals. There appear to be both permanent and temporary group populations of killer whales. These different groups may hunt different animals and use different techniques to catch them. Permanent groups tend to prefer fish, while temporary groups target marine mammals. All groups use effective, cooperative hunting techniques that some are similar to the behavior of wolf packs. Whales make a wide variety of communicative sounds, and each group has various noises that its members will recognize even at a distance. They use echolocation to communicate and hunt, making sounds that travel underwater until they meet objects, then reflect back, showing their location, size, and shape. Killer whales are protective of their young, and other adolescent females often assist the mother in caring for them. Mothers give birth every three to ten years, after a 17-month pregnancy. Killer whales are immediately recognizable by their special black-and-white coloring and are the intelligent, trainable stars of many aquarium shows. Killer whales have never been widely hunted by humans. Killer Whales do not feed on _ .
|
[
"seabirds",
"seals",
"fishes",
"seaweeds"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Autumn blues? Let the sunshine in falling leaves, flowers, and cold winds. For many people late autumn can be a season of depression. Those who suffer from " the autumn blue" are often extremely tired, lack energy, need more sleep, feel increased appetite and gain weight. "The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD), is not known yet," says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. "But recent studies indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused by changes in the availability of sunlight." One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates mood, sleep, and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter. Exposure to light may reset the biological clock. Another theory is that brain chemicals that transmit information between nerves, called neurotransmitters (for example, serotonin), may be altered in individuals with SAD. It is believed that exposure to light can correct these imbalances. "It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy. Remember, spring always lives in your heart," Chen says. "Going outdoors to get some sunlight may reduce the tension that brings you the low spirits. Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation. Color treatment also works in handling low mood. Music also plays a role in treating autumn blues." Which of the following is true according to the text?
|
[
"The real cause for autumn blues is still unknown.",
"Autumn blues can be feelings of happiness.",
"People feel tired in autumn.",
"Weather doesn't change people."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In 2004,the World Health Organization,WHO,warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease which may be even more deadly than SARS.The WHO believes that it is likely that bird flu will spread to human beings in the next few years.If it does,up to seven millions people could die from the disease. Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses,that is,tiny things which change and be come more dangerous over time.When a new type of a common virus changes,it may be able to get past the body'S immune system.If that happens,humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available. There have always been viruses and people always get sick,of course,but as we saw with SARS,the situation is more difficult today.People travel more than ever before,which means that disease can spread quickly and across large areas----in fact the whole world. Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus,but the process takes time.It is just as important to make sure that countries,especially poor countries,are prepared to deal with the disease. New disease usually affect poor areas the most,so we must help develop health care in all countries. The possible title of this passage is
|
[
"The Work of WHO",
"Scientists Are Working Hard on Drugs for Diseases",
"What Is a Virus",
"Virus Changes and Causes New Diseases Over Time"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some scientists have suggested that it might in some cases be ethically acceptable to clone existing people. One possibility is generating replacement for a dying . All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual, because he or she would likely suffer from limitations and expectations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic "twin." Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes. The clone of an extrovert could have a quite different way of behavior. Clones of athletes, movie stars, or scientists might well choose different careers because of chance events in early life. Some people have also put forward the belief that couples in which one member is infertile might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But society ought to be concerned that a couple might not treat naturally a child who is a copy of just one of them. Because other methods are available for the treatment of all known types of infertility, the traditional choice seems more appropriate. None of the suggested uses of cloning for making copies of existing people is ethically acceptable to my way of thinking, because they are not in the interests of the resulting child. It should go without saying that I am strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos to develop so that they can be tissue donors. In spite of this, it seems clear that cloning from cultured cells will offer important medical opportunities. Predictions about new technologies are often wrong: societal attitudes change; unexpected developments occur. Time will tell. But biomedical researchers looking into the potential of cloning now have plenty to do. What is the author's concern about cloning an existing person?
|
[
"The clone created will have one defect or another.",
"The clone created will be mistreated.",
"The clone created is unlikely to fulfill your expectations.",
"The clone created is ethically unacceptable."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A mouse is being hunted by a Great Horned Owl. The owl watches the mouse carefully, and the mouse is unaware that it is being hunted. The mouse is unable to tell where the owl is, because
|
[
"the owl is invisible",
"the mouse is oblivious",
"the mouse is blind",
"the owl matches its background"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An object such as a hammer weighs less on the Moon than on Earth. This is because the Moon has a
|
[
"thinner atmosphere than Earth.",
"smaller diameter than Earth.",
"stronger magnetic field than Earth.",
"lower mass than Earth."
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Fangfang, a 15-year-old Chinese girl, likes eating snacks very much. She prefers cream biscuits, McDonald's food, KFC, and Beijing roast duck. Sometimes she eats two packages of biscuits a day. As a result, she becomes _ . Today in China, there are many children like Fangfang. They like snacks. They don't eat enough healthy foods like vegetables and fruit. It's very bad for their health. Poor eating habits are a serious problem. Health experts say that children should have healthy eating habits. First, they must eat regular meals and begin with a good breakfast. Second, they should have different kinds of foods, such as fruit, vegetables, grain, eggs, milk and meat and so on. Third, the children shouldn't eat too many snacks and fried foods. They are delicious, but eating too much of them is unhealthy. If children do as the experts say, they won't become fat. They will be healthier. Students won't become tired at school, and they will have enough energy to study well. Fangfang becomes overweight, because _ .
|
[
"she is an American girl",
"she has a balanced diet",
"she likes eating snacks",
"she likes vegetables soup"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We like people who look like us, because they tend to have personalities similar to our own. And, a new study suggests, the longer we are with someone, the more similarities in appearance grow. Researchers set out to study why couples often tend to look like one another. They asked 11 male and 11 female participants to judge the age, attractiveness and personality of 160 real-life married couples. Photographs of husbands and wives were viewed separately, so the participants didn't know who was married to whom. The test participants rated men and women who were actual couples as looking alike and having similar personalities. Also, the longer the couples had been together, the greater the similarities. The researchers guess that the sharing of experiences might affect how couples look. The idea that there is a connection between appearance and personality might seem strange at first, but there could be biological reasons for a link, said study member Tony Little from the University of Liverpool in England. "The face displays our emotions and over time, emotional expressions may become written in the face," Little told Live Science. For example, someone who smiles a lot may develop lines and muscles that are suggestive of someone who is happy. Other studies have shown that partners who are genetically similar to each other tend to have happier marriages. The new study indicates that people have different features when using facial appearance to make decisions about someone's personality, and that the particular cues focused on change from face to face. Vital to the decision, however, are eyes and smiles. "Smiles are important social cues that may tell us whether or not someone is friendly, and eyes are also a traditional focus of attention," Little said. Overall face shape can be important too. For example, the combination of large chins and strong brow ridges can create an impression of disagreeableness and being unwilling to cooperate, Little said. Why do some old lovers look alike according to the researchers?
|
[
"Because they live in the same place for a long time.",
"Because their similar experiences might affect their appearance.",
"Because they learn from each other in their daily life.",
"Because they're closely connected with each other biologically."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one animal that has all of the fish traits listed above.
|
[
"Cardinalfish have scaly skin and live near coral reefs. Cardinalfish lay eggs with no shells and have fins that help them swim underwater.",
"Red salamanders do not have lungs! They can breathe through their moist, smooth skin. Adult red salamanders live near rivers or ponds. They lay eggs with no shells under rocks or logs. The baby red salamanders live underwater."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
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