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Which of these best defines the term "pollutant"?
|
[
"anything humans add to the atmosphere and oceans",
"any substance that is harmful to the environment",
"any substance that is a waste product of industry",
"a substance that does not break down over time"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Beijing ?(13, July) China sent up a new data relays atellite , Tianlian I -02, on Monday at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in South-western Sichuan province.The new satellite will promote the country's satellite communication network for space docking . The satellite was launched on a Long-March-SC carrier rocket at 11:41 p.m., sources at the centre told Xinhua News Agency.The satellite separated from the rocket 26 minutes after its launch and was then successfully delivered into a geostationary transfer orbit . Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the satellite is the country's second data relay satellite.The first, Tianlian I -01, was launched on April 25.2008. The two satellites will form a network to improve communications between China's spacecraft and bases on Earth, according to the centre.They will also be used to help the nation's first space docking, scheduled for the second half of this year. As planned, China will launch space module Tiangong-I (1), which was designed as a platform that will dock with an unmanned spaceship, Shenzhou, for the county's first space-docking mission this year. Two more Shenzhou spaceships will dock with Tiangong-I next year, and one will be manned by two or three astronauts, according to China Manned Space Engineering Office, which was the main user of the Tianlian I series data relay satellites. "The new satellite can cover a greater area to track and command the country's space vehicles m low-Earth orbits, such as manned spacecraft and remote sensing satellites, from a higher position m outer space.Only three satellites of this kind are needed to form a global communication network, and China has two now." Pang Zhihao, a researcher and deputy editor-in-chief of Space International, said. The satellite could also equip astronauts with real-time communications, which will benefit the county s future manned space flights, he said. From the passage we know _ .
|
[
"one more such satellite is needed to form a global communication network",
"the satellite was developed by China Manned Space Engineering Office",
"it was less than three years since China launched its first date relay satellite of this kind",
"the satellite could help track and command space vehicles in orbits because it's lower in position"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you remember the game "Telephone"? A message gets passed from person to person, and everyone laughs at how distorted it becomes. As a game, telephone can be fun. In real life, sending messages through third parties fouls things up. It is important for family members who have "business" with other family members to take it up directly. When tension arises in a relationship between two people, a frequent way of dealing with this is to send messages through a third person. Family doctors refer to the process as 'triangulation". Following a quarrel, a mother may say to her son, "Tell your father to pass the salt", which may be answered by, "Tell your mother to get her own salt." In many long cases of triangulation, the middleman becomes severely disturbed. Two years ago, Ruth and Ralph Gordon brought their 17-year-old daughter for treatment. Lucille was not doing well in school, using drugs heavily. When I began to work with her, she was uncommunicative and aggressive. After some time, however, she opened up and told me her parents rarely talked to each other, but both used her as a middleman. Mrs. Gordon was sexually unsatisfied and suggested to Lucille that she ask her father to go for marriage advice. Mr. Gordon told Lucille that he was seeing another woman, and he urged Lucille to speak to her mother about improving her behaviour. Caught in this confusing situation, Lucille became more and more troubled. It wasn't until she refused to play middleman that she began to improve. When either parent began to send a message through her, she learned to say, "Tell him/her yourself!" You'll find that when family members learn to dial each other directly, there's rarely a busy signal or wrong number. With direct dialing, a sense of freshness is created. Through the example of Lucille and her parents, the writer hopes to tell the readers that _ .
|
[
"family members should learn to get their messages across directly",
"parents should send their children taking drugs for treatment",
"children can hardly get used to their parents' troubles",
"children should refuse the requests of their parents"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Jonathan investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
How long you live has a lot to do with your environment and lifestyle, but exceptional long life may have even more to do with your genes. For the first time, researchers have discovered a genetic recipe that accurately predicts who may live to 100 and beyond. Analysis shows that 90% of the participants who lived to 100 had at least one of the signature genetic clusters . Dr. Thomas Perls at the Boston University School of Medicine said, "We realize this is a complex genetic puzzle. There is a long way for us to go to understand how the integration of these genes--not just with themselves but with environmental factors--is playing a role in this long life puzzle." Perls has studied many factors that contribute to long life, and he is the first to acknowledge that living longer isn't likely to be simply a matter of genes. His previous work has shown, for example, that among most elderly people who live into their 70s and 80s, about 70% can owe their long life to environmental factors such as not smoking; eating a healthy, low-fat, low-calorie diet; and remaining socially engaged and mentally active throughout life. It seems clear that those who live extremely long are benefiting from a special DNA. In fact, Perls believes that the older a person gets, the more likely it is that his or her genes are contributing to those extended years. Which of the following is FALSE according to the text?
|
[
"Remaining socially engaged helps a person to live long.",
"A genetic recipe can accurately predict who may live to 100 and beyond.",
"Perls is the first to think living longer is just a matter of genes.",
"The older he gets, the more likely the genes contribute to his extended years."
] | 2C
|
medical_genetics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some caterpillars' warning signals may have evolved from walking. A team, writing in the journal Nature Communications, reported that the hair-like structures the creatures use to make sounds evolved from legs. The team studied caterpillars which use these structures to communicate their ownership of leaves. This means the caterpillars are able to "tell" strangers to go away without risking injury in conflicts. "These are really interesting caterpillars," said Dr. Jayne Yack from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, who led the research. "They make signals using hair-like structures which are on their back ends." The caterpillars drag these structures across the leaf to make scraping sounds when strangers enter their "leaf shelters". "When they make this signal, the strangers leave," explained Dr. Yack. "It's like saying 'I'm here, get out of here --I already own this leaf'." The scientists looked at other species within the same group of caterpillars and created a "family tree" of the creatures. They used chemical markers to work out the relationship between the animals, showing which in the group were the more ancient species and which species evolved more recently. "Those more ancient species actually don't have these sound-producing structures. They have legs that they use to walk towards strangers," said Dr. Yack. These more ancient species, she explained, walk towards strangers and try to attack them. "They can kill each other in the conflicts," Dr. Yack added. She said that the evolution of the scraping show had allowed the caterpillars to solve their conflicts without fighting. "So our idea is that these signals actually avoid damage to both sides --they solve conflicts in a more 'friendly' way." The study also provides a map of an evolutionary path that many other biologists are exploring. What can we learn about caterpillars' warning structures from the text?
|
[
"They have the same function as hair.",
"They are found in caterpillars' heads.",
"They are used to kill strangers.",
"They may have evolved from caterpillars' legs."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Here is a photo of my family. These are my parents, Jack Ken and Mary Ken. My father is a teacher and my mother is a nurse . This is my brother David and this is my sister Jane. And the little girl is me .I have a happy family. I love my family. I am a _ .
|
[
"boy",
"girl",
"son",
"father"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A bowling ball with a mass of 8.0 kg rolls down a bowling lane at 2.0 m/s. What is the momentum of the bowling ball?
|
[
"4.0 kg x m/s",
"6.0 kg x m/s",
"10.0 kg x m/s",
"16.0 kg x m/s"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American scientists have developed the first material that repairs itself. The material is a form of plastic that has been engineered to fill breaks in its surface. Plastics are used today in everything. Scientists wanted to find a way to make objects made of plastic last longer. The researchers hope their new discovery can be used to make objects that are difficult or impossible to replace. The surface of plastic objects breaks over time. Very small breaks develop every time a plastic object is used. The researchers wanted to find out how to stop plastic from developing small breaks that weaken and destroy it. They found the answer in the chemical structure of plastic itself. The research team found a way to make plastic that contains very small balloons filled with monomer liquid. When the new plastic cracks, the monomer liquid is let out and flows into the crack. Thus the break is repaired. The repaired plastic has seventy-five percent of the strength of undamaged plastic. The new self-repairing plastic is not yet ready for production. But it has several possible uses. One could be in space vehicles where parts cannot be repaired or replaced. Another possible use might be in bridges. And it could be used in people, to replace bone joints that have become broken or damaged. The passage mainly talks about _ .
|
[
"plastic that repairs itself",
"the chemical structure of plastic",
"permanent material invented",
"small balloons that makes plastic stronger"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The clock rules our lives. The more we try to save time, the less time we seem to have. In every area of our lives we are doing things faster. And many of us live in towns and cities which are getting noisier and more stressful as each day passes. But now a worldwide movement, whose aim is to slow life down, has started. Its supporters are people who believe that a happier and healthier way of life is possible. The Slow Food movement was founded the day that an Italian journalist, Carlo Petrini, saw that McDonald's had opened a restaurant in a beautiful square in Rome. He thought it was sad that many people today live too quickly to sit down for a proper meal and only eat much fast food. He decided that he had to try to do something about it and so he started the Slow Food movement. Slow Food has become a global organization ever since and now has more than 80,000 members in 100 countries. Slow Food also encourages people to eat local and regional food, to use local shops and markets, to eat out in small family restaurants, and to cook with traditional recipes. The idea of Slow Cities was inspired by the Slow Food movement. The aim of Slow Cities is to improve people's quality of life. Towns which want to become a Slow City have to reduce traffic and noise, increase the number of green areas, plant trees, build pedestrian zones, and promote local businesses and traditions. Now it has spread to other countries all over the world, from the UK to Japan and Australia. There are now 135 Slow Cities in 24 countries across the world that have been named since founding of the organization in 1999. Gao Chun County, in east China's Jiangsu Province, is expected to be named the first "Slow City" in China next year. "Slow Cities are about having a community life in the town," said a local resident. "It is not 'slow' as in 'stupid'. It is 'slow' as in the opposite of 'worried' and 'stressful'." But not everybody is happy. For teenagers, who have to go 25km to Norwich, the nearest city, to buy CDs, living in a Slow City is not very attractive. "It's all right here," says Lewis Cook, 16. "But if you want excitement, you have to go to Norwich. We need more things here for young people." What's the aim of the Slow Food movement?
|
[
"To call on people to eat out.",
"To make people enjoy cooking.",
"To drive McDonald's out of Rome",
"To encourage people to slow down."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have not come close to understanding all the different kinds of life on the planet, but US researcher Craig Venter is already working on creating the first artificial life. Venter and his researchers made a breakthrough this August. They successfully moved the DNA of one type of bacteria to a yeast cell, changed it, then put it into another bacterial cell. "Bacteria have systems that protect them from foreign DNA," Venter explained to the BBC. In the experiment, the team managed to block this system. The experiment was performed on a simple type of bacteria called Mycoplasma mycoides. The team took the bacteria's genes and put them into a yeast cell. Putting the DNA in a yeast cell allowed the team to change the genes----in this case, taking out a gene that was not necessary for the bacteria to live. They then put the gene into a host bacteria cell. The cell went on to divide normally, producing new healthy bacteria. In January, the team created artificial genes of a new type of bacteria. Their next goal is to put the artificial DNA into a host cell to create a new species, according to a report inSciencemagazine. "If we don't make any errors, I think it should work and we should have the first artificial species by the end of the year," Venter said in the report. The first artificial life from is likely to be a simple man-made bacteria, to prove that the technology can work. But that form will be followed by more complex bacteria that turn coal into cleaner natural gas, or algae that can take in carbon dioxide and change it into fuel. Many scientists think it's good news to have this artificial life, but others are worried that the technology to create new organisms might end up in the wrong hands, with dangerous results. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"Venter and his team are the only scientists trying to create artificial life",
"The experiment was based on research into different kinds of life on Earth",
"A new type of bacteria was created in January",
"All scientists are not in favor of the research"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you have a fever, headache and runny nose, you might go to Google and type in the words "flu symptoms" to see whether you've come down with the disease. Google knows that you might do something like that, and it also knows which state you're in if you are in the United States. Now, it's putting that information together in a tool that could find out flu outbreaks faster than traditional systems currently in use, according to CNN report. It is called Google Flu Trends. "What's exciting about Flu Trends is that it lets anybody---doctors, health officials, moms with sick children---learn about the current flu activity level in their own state based on the data that's coming in this week," said Jeremy Ginsberg, the lead engineer who developed the tool. The tool operates on the idea that there's likely to be a flu outbreak in states where flu-related search terms are currently popular. To test the accuracy of the data, Google compared its figures against statistics filed over the past five years by the US Centers for Disease Control. It has a network of 1,500 doctors across the US who provide weekly reports on the number of patients complaining of flu-like symptoms. "We found we could highly accurately estimate what the flu activity levels would be in those years," Ginsberg said. They also found that the Google statistics, which can be gathered daily, were up to two weeks ahead of the government's data. The government's data took time to collect because it came from so many doctors. The ability to speed up the response of health services could prove invaluable when a serious outbreak happens. The results of Google's comparisons with official health statistics will be published in the science journal Nature. Google hopes to extend the service to other countries, and may in time include other illnesses. At present, the flu data is given for each of the 50 American states. The company says there are no privacy issues involved as the trends are gathered through combining millions of anonymous searches. The most important reason for Google Flu Trends' accurate and reliable estimates is that _ .
|
[
"it bases its estimates on Google flu-related search data",
"it benefits a lot from the official data",
"it has lots of excellent doctors",
"it can identify the flu symptoms"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone may all have the experience of feeling anxious and stressed when having a rough day or having some troubles. Different people may choose different ways to deal with it, and for most people a break for a 10-minute walk may be quite useful.www.zxxk.com Anyway, here is another way around: to get a piece of chewing gum, and chew it. According to a Swinburne University of Technology study, gum-chewing has been found to "relieve anxiety, improve alertness and reduce stress among individuals in a laboratory setting." Some may argue that a laboratory is not the same as an office. But check out the conditions of the study: individuals were monitored while performing "a group of 'multi-tasking' activities." Doesn't it sound like the situation in the office?www.zxxk.com Here's a summary of some of the study's findings: Gum chewers showed a reduction in anxiety as compared to non-gum chewers by nearly 17 percent during mild stress and nearly 10 percent in appropriate stress. Gum chewers showed improvement in alertness over non-gum chewers by nearly 19 percent during mild stress and 8 percent in moderate stress. Improved Performance: Chewing gum resulted in a big improvement in overall performance on multi-tasking activities. Although these aren't major improvements, every little bit works and chewing a piece of gum is a lot quicker and easier than slipping outside for a 10-minute walk. So, how does gum work this magic? In part it does so by lowering the level of cortisol --a steroid hormone that is released in response to stress in your system. A few words of advice before you reach for the gum: don't crack your gum, and be sure to chew it with your mouth closed. In fact, I'd say keep the gum out of meetings, because it really looks impolite to others around you. From the study in the text we know that _ .
|
[
"gum chewers may lack alertness",
"gum chewers tend to be less stressed",
"gum chewers can finish many jobs perfectly",
"gum chewers can reduce their anxiety and anger easily"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For most students, school is over and summer fun is here. Even kids who are going to summer school don't need to be cooped up indoors during these bright sunny days. Why? Thanks to technology, many kids now have the _ of attending "virtual" summer schools online. These "virtual" classes are not new. Many colleges and universities offer online courses where the students never meet; they correspond with their teachers and classmates on the web. Even some traditional schools add to daily classes with internet-based assignments and feedback. There are a lot of benefits to online schooling, and that's why public schools have started participating in this non-traditional type of education. Instead of students riding the bus, going to class, eating lunch at school, and going home in the early afternoon, they can now log on at any time of day or night and learn. This flexible online option requires just as much work and participation as normal summer school. However, the timing is different. Online summer school is not for all students, just like it isn't for all adults. The student needs to be an excellent reader in order to obtain as much information as possible from the lectures. In addition, students must understand computers and be self motivated in order to complete the class successfully. If the students meet these requirements, then online summer school has many advantages. Written lectures can be read and reread until the student understands them. The students can email each other and the teacher if they need help. Students who participate in online summer school often earn higher grades because the teachers can answer more questions without slowing down the entire class progress. And because of this new technology, summer school students can still go to the beach, travel around the world, and take family vacations! Which of the following people is most supposed to choose online schooling?
|
[
"A child in the kindergarten.",
"A primary school student.",
"A government office clerk.",
"A child whose parents are working."
] | 2C
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As kids spend more time online chatting with friends or researching homework, parents are questioning how the Internet is affecting children's lives, a recent study shows. From 2006 to 2007, the number of parents who think the Internet beneficial to their children declined, according to the study by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. But parents don' t see it as a bad influence, either. Amanda Lenhart, a senior researcher said, "Technology is not so magic as to make your child get straight A and improve all aspects of your life. As you grow to know it, you realize its power and disadvantages." But as with the emergence of television in American homes in the 1950s and 1960s, the Internet continues to cause strong reactions from parents. "There's too much garbage online for kids," said Patrick Thomas as he picked up his 15-year-old son from school. "It's like a kid walking down the street. He's got to watch out. He never knows who he might come across." Thomas used to have Internet service at home but got rid of it a year ago because he was worried about viruses infecting his computer and strangers taking advantage of his son Zachary. He has purchased a series of educational software to help him with his schoolwork. "It was a great place to explore, and the information you gathered was great," Zachary said. "Now it's dangerous." But Zachary Thomas still sees benefits from going online and says he can do it at the library or at school. "It can be a good thing for kids," Zachary said. But he wasn't upset when his father pulled the plug . Zachary's attitude to the Internet is in line with the study's findings, confirming that teens, who have never known a world without online access, generally have a more positive view of the Internet than their parents. More parents are getting online themselves, making them know about their children's online activities, Lenhart said. But that doesn't mean they understand everything. It also doesn't mean they needn't monitor the websites their children visit or set limits on the amount of time they spend online. "I'm still trying to figure out the role of it," said John Horgan, whose daughters are 11, 12 and 15. "If their grades were to go down, that would be it." The majority of parents surveyed by the Pew Internet & American Life Project said the Internet is a positive influence in their children's lives. Why did Thomas quit the Internet service at home?
|
[
"His son was threatened by some online strangers.",
"His computer had been attacked by some viruses.",
"He feared for the safety of his son and computer.",
"The educational software had replaced the Internet."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Good morning, class! We know that there are too many net bars around us. The Internet is popular and it makes our lives colorful. Many of us like going online very much because we can learn how to use the computer and get more information from the Internet. We can learn English. We can read some good newspapers and magazines. It can make us clever in playing computer games. We can send E-mails to our friends quickly. We can chat freely online with our friends. It can help us get in touch with people from all over the world. But some students spend too much time in playing computer game and some stay in the net bars all day and all night. Teenagers even get to have boyfriends or girlfriends online. They write too many letters to each other. It takes them to much time to chat online so they do worse and worse in their lessons and they don't study well any more. I think we mustn't get online when it is time for us to study. We can do it in summer or winter holidays. We should get online with adults --our teacher or parents. At the same time, if we have lots of free time, we can do some out-of-class activities at school. We usually have activities from 4:50 to 5:50 in the afternoon. We have different kinds of activities. If you are interested in sports, you can play basketball or football. We can go to the English Corner. We can practice talking in English there. We hope we can spend more time on our subjects or on such activities that we can learn a lot from and less time on the Internet. Thank you for listening to me. That's all. Playing computer games _ .
|
[
"gives us lots of information",
"makes our studies worse",
"makes us more clever",
"is harmful to our health"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
compost rotting
chicken cooking in an oven
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The German shepherd runs off and noses around in the grass of Kenya's Laikipia Plateau. "OK, Oakley," the dog's handler orders, "Find it!" Oakley sniffs until he comes to a bush, then stops, sits, and looks up at his handler. She bends to see what he has found: the waste of an endangered African wild dog. "Good dog!" she praises. The handler pulls a tennis ball from her pocket. Oakley jumps for his reward. "He doesn't actually want the waste," says Aimee Hurt, a founding member of the U.S.-based group Working Dogs for Conservation. Hurt is in Kenya to train both Oakley and his handler. "He finds it so he can play with his ball. We're the ones who want the waste." Detection dogs are sometimes taught to locate actual animals. Black-footed ferrets have been studied with their help. But more often the dogs learn to locate the waste of creatures such as bears, wolves and mountain lions. What the dogs find provides scientists with data about a species. Scientists can use the DNA collected from animal waste to identify individuals, sex, and population sizes -- all without ever seeing the animal itself. "It can take years to gather this kind of information if you have to trap animals," Hurt explains. Waste analysis might make a huge difference when wild species are accused of attacking domestic livestock . Hurt says, "A good detection dog will find the waste so we can see what the animal is actually eating." This may help reduce problems between people and wildlife. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Trapping animals is not difficult.",
"People are making efforts to protect the environment.",
"Detection dogs attack domestic livestock frequently.",
"Collecting animal waste is a good way to gather information."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When US student Olivia Priedeman, 17, woke up one morning, she thought she had had a dream about making plans with a friend. But it wasn't a dream. Her phone showed that during the night, Priedeman had read a text message from her friend. She did it while she was fast asleep. Reading and sending text messages while asleep--called "sleep texting"--is an unusual sleep behaviour, similar to sleepwalking. It's also a growing concern among doctors: young people can't live without their cell phones. One in three teenagers sends more than 100 text messages a day, according to the Pew Internet & American Life Project. And at least four out of five teenagers said they sleep with their phone on or near their bed. Elizabeth Dowdell, a professor at Villanova University in Pennsylvania, has studied sleeping texting. She said that having a phone nearby all night is a big part of the problem. Andrew Stiehm, a sleep medicine expert with Allina Health in Minnesota, agrees. It's possible for the part of the brain that controls motor skills to wake up, while the part of the brain that controls memory and judgment may be still asleep. That's why some people can perform basic movements ---such as walking, talking, texting or even driving--while they're sleeping. Some of Dowdell's students said that they're disturbed by their nighttime texting behavior. But because sleep texting is _ , it's a difficult habit to break. Dowdell said she knows of some students who wear socks on their hands to keep themselves from texting. Marjorie Hogan, a doctor at Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, suggests keeping all electronic devices outside the bedroom at certain times. Which part the brain controls keeps awake while asleep?
|
[
"judgment",
"language",
"memory",
"motor skills"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons.Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car.Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days.The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful. Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things.Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities.Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed--the computer.It extends the capabilities of our minds. Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars.Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected. The computer may multiply what we can do, and the return on investment is high.The growth of computer usage is surprising.On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage.Invasion of privacy, fraud , and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples. The computer is like a double-edged sword.It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deep into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general.How it is used is not a function of technology.It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology.The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many benefits of the computer age. According to the passage, computers bring people the following benefits except _ .
|
[
"avoiding mistakes",
"saving money",
"making money",
"opening up opportunities"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A scientist discovered a fossil of an ocean plant in the rocks of a desert. What does the discovery of this fossil most likely tell the scientist?
|
[
"The fossils were formed at the top of a mountain.",
"The fossils were formed during a rainstorm.",
"The area had many volcanic eruptions.",
"The area was once covered by water."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Estelle investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does a rubber inner tube sled go faster down a small hill or down a big hill?",
"Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?",
"Does a plastic sled or a wooden sled go down a hill faster?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
There is a very special wolf that lives in Africa. They are actually called, the African wild dog, of painted dogs. These animals live in open woodlands, or in the plains of Africa. Today, however, most of the animals can be found in eastern or southern Africa. These animals are beautiful. They have rounded ears instead of pointed like most dogs, and they have four toes on each of their four feet, also a unique characteristic because other dogs have five. Their fine fur is always different from each other. The fur is usually a combination of black, brown, red, and white, and sometimes even yellow. No wonder they're called the painted wolf. The African wild dog is a very social animal. They live in groups and have numbers from five to about twenty. The members of a group are always very close to one another. They communicate in their own language or body language. When someone is very old or sick, the others will help, and they are willing to share the food with the elders and with those who are weak, which is what we should learn from. The family does everything together, from raising young, to sleeping together, to hunting. When they hunt, they will work together suing team work to kill animals that are larger than them. They sometimes hunt farm animals. This is unfortunate, because both poachers , and people who own farms shoot the painted dogs who are just trying to survive. Before, there used to be many large groups throughout the land, but now the African wild god is very rare. They are also losing their population because of their own loss of habitat thanks to human's farming and forest cutting. According to the author, what should we learn from African wild dogs?
|
[
"They always do everything together.",
"They help the sick, the elderly and the weak.",
"They are always very close to one another.",
"They communicate in their own language."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As they migrate, butterflies and moths choose the winds they want to fly with, and they change their body positions if they start floating in the wrong direction. This new finding suggests that insects may use some of the same methods that birds use for traveling long distances. Scientists have long thought that insects were simply at the mercy of the wind. Fascinating as their skills of flight are, migrating behavior has been difficult to study in insects because many long distant trips happen thousands of feet above ground. Only recently have scientists developed technologies that can detect such little creatures at such great heights. To their surprise, though, the insects weren't passive travelers on the winds. In autumn, for example, most light winds blew from the east, but the insects somehow sought out ones that carried them south and they positioned themselves to navigate directly to their wintering homes. Even in the spring, when most winds flowed northward, the insects didn't always go with the flow. If breezes weren't blowing in the exact direction they wanted to go, the insects changed their body positions to compensate(, ). Many migrating birds do the same thing. The study also found that butterflies and moths actively flew within the air streams that pushed them along. By adding flight speeds to wind speeds, the scientists calculated that butterflies and moths can travel as fast as 100 kilometers an hour. The findings may have real-world applications. With climate warming, migrating insects are growing in number. Knowing how and when these pests move could help farmers decide when to spray their crops. Scientists originally thought that _ .
|
[
"insects always waited for their favorable winds",
"insects chose the winds they wanted to ride",
"insects were just blown about by the wind",
"insects positioned themselves in the winds"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone somewhere in the world without a stamp on it? Using a computer you can send e-mails quickly and easily. The post is much slower than e-mail. E-mail can send its message to the other side of the world in seconds. E-mail is easy to use and it saves time and money. The differences in time in different parts of the world do not matter when sending e-mail. It's twenty-four-hour service that you can send e-mail at any time of the day or night. No one has to be there to get e-mail. It does not matter if your friends are in beds when you send e-mail to them, or you are seeing a movie at the movie theater when they send e-mail back. E-mail is _ the post.
|
[
"faster than",
"as fast as",
"much slower than",
"not so fast as"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Data in tables may also be presented in graphs. Which type of data would best be displayed on a circle graph?
|
[
"the distance of the planets from the sun",
"the depths of the major oceans on Earth",
"the amount of rainfall each day for a month",
"the percent of various materials in solid waste"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which characteristic property indicates that igneous rock cools slowly?
|
[
"mineral composition",
"hardness",
"density",
"crystal size"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts' bones, reducing their bone density after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday. Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights. "Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, " the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal. They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space. The BMD loss was significant in the tibia of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius of the forearm. "Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton are similarly affected by space conditions, " they added. Without gravity the body isn't bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream. The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _ .
|
[
"they only cared for the Russian astronauts",
"they were not interested in their own astronauts",
"the Russian government invited them to do their research",
"the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I didn't feel well when I woke up yesterday morning. My throat hurt and _ . I also felt hot. My mother said I had a bad cold. I didn't want to get up, so she let me stay in bed all day. I don't usually like being in bed during the day, but I like it yesterday. I listened to the music and read a magazine. I slept a lot. I had all my meals in bed, though I didn't want to eat much. I had just soup and toast for lunch and some rice and chicken for dinner. By evening I was beginning to feel better. I asked my mother if I could get up and watch television but she said no. Today I feel much better, so I didn't stay in bed. I didn't go to school again, though. I'll go tomorrow if I feel well enough. On which days of the week was he probably sick?
|
[
"Monday, Tuesday",
"Saturday, Sunday",
"Sunday, Monday",
"Friday, Saturday"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last week Johnny had a very busy weekend. On Saturday morning, he cleaned his room. That made his mother very happy. In the afternoon, he did his math homework. It was not difficult, so it only took him one hour to finish the homework. And in the evening, he went to visit his aunt with his parents. They had a big dinner there. The next morning, he went swimming after getting up. Usually he goes swimming twice a week. He loves it very much. After lunch he went to school playground and played football. That exercise makes him in a good health. On Sunday evening, he watched TV for an hour at home and then put the books in his schoolbag for the next day. What about Johnny's math homework?
|
[
"It was easy.",
"It was difficult.",
"It was too much.",
"It was important."
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this pea plant's genotype for the flower position gene?
|
[
"axial flowers",
"FF"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Television is good.You'd like to watch it all day and all night.But too much TV is a very bad thing.Scientists found that kids who watch too much TV may have more trouble learning to read.They can't focus on their work. Kids learn language skills best by reading,talking and playing with others.If they spend too much time watching TV,they'll have less time for those things. Watching too much TV is bad for people's health.People don't move much while watching TV.What's more,they may eat a lot of food while watching.This can make them fat.We call these people"couch potatoes". Fighting on TV is a big problem for kids.Young people are good at following.Scientists have found that those who watch a lot of fighting programmes are more likely to fight. Scientists say if kids watch too much TV,they will _ .
|
[
"learn language skills more easily",
"be healthier",
"find it hard to learn to read",
"eat less food"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this trout's phenotype for the body color trait?
|
[
"a greenish-brown body",
"a blue body"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What rises and sets causing cycles of day and night?
|
[
"the closest gas giant planet",
"another galaxy near ours",
"the closest planet to earth",
"the closest yellow dwarf star"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Homework and stress are rarely reduced inside the classroom.Meanwhile,outside the classroom,the pressure is on to find scholarships for college. According to Braintrack,a higher education database with worldwide reach,more than 3 billion US dollars (18 billion yuan) in private scholarships are awarded to college students annually.Average awards range from $2,000 to $3,000. The scholarship application process is similar to the college application process: forms to be completed,test scores and transcripts to be sent,essays to be written and often interviews to be prepared for. A few great places to start looking for scholarships are: www.fastweb. com,www.Finaid. org and www.collegexpress.com.Check out the annual scholarship guidebooks Scholarships,Grants & Prizes by Peterson's and the Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships,Grants and Prizes by Gen Tanabe and Kelly Tanabe. Be selective.Thoroughly research the qualifications required by each of the scholarships.Don't waste your time applying for those that are need based if you can't produce the appropriate documents. Research past recipients .Check out the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships.Many post the biographies of past recipients.You don't need to have cured cancer,but if you don't think your resume measures up to the past winners',you might be better served by moving onto the next scholarship on your list.Prepare for the interview. You'll want to dazzle them with your personality,but above all you'll want to be prepareD. Find someone you trust to conduct a similar interview with you - someone who will be honest with you and provide valuable suggestions. Let your personality shine through in your essays.The essays are the best way for students to share who they are,where they've come from,what they've overcome and so on.Tell your story in an interesting and persuasive way.And if you do have an interview,send a thank you note afterward. By Lee Bierer To increase your chance of winning a scholarship,you are advised to _ .
|
[
"apply for as many scholarships as you can",
"tell an interesting story in your essay",
"do a similar interview to help you prepare for the real one",
"have a talk with past recipients and try to talk like they do"
] | 2C
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As a sample of water turns to ice,
|
[
"new molecules are formed.",
"the mass of the sample is increased.",
"the arrangement of the molecules changes.",
"energy is absorbed by the molecules."
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
She is quiet, soft-spoken and has a kind face and a strong heart. She is my mom, Lili. When I was nine, Lili quitted her job and started her own business. She said she didn't want to stay at home and work as a housewife: "It's a waste of life." Lili became so busy that she spent less and less time with me. She didn't help me with my schoolwork. It was, in her words, "so that you can develop your independence". We quarreled because she rarely showed up at parents' meetings. Like mother, like daughter. I have many things in common with Lili. I want everything to be under control. I want to be perfect and I don't expect other people to help me. I push myself hard to achieve my goals. After I started to go to high school, Lili and I were too busy to communicate much with each other. In biology class I began to be depressed. When the teacher showed us a picture of a butterfly, I was scared and screamed. I had a vision of thousands of butterflies flying toward me. That night I told Lili about it. The next morning, I saw that she had red eyes with black circles around them. She took me to see a therapist . Three hours later, the therapist told Lili that my life was like a wheel spinning faster and faster and that was the reason for what had happened to me. I only realized it when my body couldn't stand the pressure anymore. At these words, Lili burst into tears. "It's all my fault, she's just a kid and I didn't have time to take care of her...." To be honest, I had never seen Lili cry before. After that, Lili began to spend more time at home, cooking and dragging me to do sports. I realized she was the one who would always be there when I was in real trouble. No mom is perfect, but she is the one who really cares about her kid. We quarreled because _ .
|
[
"she began to spend less and less time with me",
"she didn't help me with my schoolwork.",
"she seldom attended the parents' meetings in my school.",
"Lili and I were too busy to communicate much with each other."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Caden inherited this trait?
|
[
"Caden's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Caden.",
"Caden likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Life in 2060 Let us suppose it is now about A.D. 2060. Let's make believe(;) it is about sixty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different. Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of young and old. What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They haven't yet started to take on heir supply of energy directly as electrical current or as nuclear power. They may some day. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants. Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our planet's surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good. Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then. People are now largely vegetarians . You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more. Such would be our life in 2060. What will people eat then according to the passage?
|
[
"Biscuits in pill form.",
"Foods in pill form.",
"Foods in water form.",
"Foods in gas form."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How many electrons are there in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)?
|
[
"None",
"One",
"Two",
"Three"
] | 1B
|
conceptual_physics
|
mmlu
|
A student performs an experiment and the results are shown below: Before- Iron filings are brown, small, and magnetic: Copper sulfate crystals are blue, brittle, and not magnetic. After- The copper formed was reddish, solid, and not magnetic: Iron sulfide solution was colorless and not magnetic. Which statement supports that a chemical reaction took place?
|
[
"Changes in color occurred.",
"A new substance was formed.",
"A physical change in the iron occurred.",
"The original substances were present after."
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is likeliest to harm an organism?
|
[
"a naval mine",
"a short drizzle",
"eating a meal",
"a light breeze"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We are always attracted by the sea. From it we can get food, minerals and treasures. For thousands of years, we just sailed on it but couldn't go far under its surface. We want to explore deep into the sea. However, we are not fish. We must breathe, so we can't stay underwater for long. To explore deep water, we face even more dangers and problems. A diver trying to stay underwater for a long time must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above. He can carry a tank of air on his back and breathe through a special pipe. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea, so his body is under great pressure. When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to the surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles . The diver is then suffering from a kind of illness. This kind of illness can cause a diver great pains and even kill him. A diver's body in deep water _ .
|
[
"is under great pressure",
"is just like a fish",
"suffers from illnesses",
"weighs very little"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that hands-free cellphones are just as harmful to drivers as hand-held ones because it is the conversation, not the phone, that is distracting their attention. "Even though your eyes are looking right at something, when you are on the cellphone, you are not as likely to see it," says Professor David Strayer. "Ninety-nine percent of the time, it's not that critical , but that l% could be the time a child runs into the street," he adds. Dr. Strayer's studies have also found that talking on a cellphone is far more distracting than talking with a passenger. Listening to the radio, to music or to a book on tape also isn't as distracting, because it doesn't require the same level of interaction as a conversation. But even drivers may miss some details of a book on tape if their attention is focused on driving tasks. Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important--like police officers learn to search faces in crowds. And the Utah researchers have found a rare group of "super-taskers"--about 2.5% of the population--who seem able to attend to more than one thing with ease. Many more people think they can effectively do several things at the same time, but they are really turning their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either. Clearly, it is easier to put some tasks together than others." Not all distractions are the same,'' says Dr. Strayer. Things like cleaning and working out can be done automatically while the mind is focused elsewhere. But doing homework and texting at the same time isn't possible. Even talking and watching TV is difficult. "Just try talking with your wife while watching football. It's impossible," jokes Dr. Strayer. Which of the following can you do while talking on the phone?
|
[
"Doing homework.",
"Writing a letter.",
"Working out.",
"Watching TV."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people have wondered what makes the oceans rise and fall on the word's beaches twice a day. Those tides are caused by the force of the Moon's gravity and the rotation of the Earth. Gravity acts on the center of any solid object. The Earth is mostly molten rock, but compared to the oceans, we can think of it as a solid object. As you know, the oceans are fluid and lie on the surface of the Earth. When the Moon is overhead, the oceans are four thousand miles closer to the Moon than the Earth's center is. Because the oceans are closer, the Moon pulls harder on the water than on the Earth. This stronger pull makes the water bunch up a little under the Moon, creating a high tide. At the same time, the oceans on the opposite side of the Earth are four thousand miles farther from the Moon than the Earth's center is. The Moon's pull on this water is weak. This water bunches up because it is "left behind"(making another high tide) as the Earth is pulled slightly towards the Moon. When the waters bunch up on these two sides of the Earth, they draw water away from the other sides of the Earth, which creates the low tides. As the Earth rotates, different parts of the land and oceans pass through the high-tide and low-tide zones. And that makes the waters on our coasts go up and down. According to the passage, there would be no tides if there were no _ .
|
[
"Earth rotation",
"gravity from the Earth",
"gravity from the Moon",
"Moon's gravity or Earth rotation"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the solid.
|
[
"milk",
"water in a bathtub",
"stuffed hippo"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Ice made from which kind of water would melt when the others stay frozen?
|
[
"river water",
"swamp water",
"lake water",
"coastal water"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Below is an advertisement found in a local newspaper. As shiny as diamonds at a fraction of the price! Buy "Simu-Gems" at Cost-Rite Jewelers. This advertisement suggests that Cost-Rite Jewelers' supplier
|
[
"found a less expensive way to mine and process diamonds.",
"manufactured artificial stones that resemble diamonds.",
"reduced the price of diamonds in order to sell more.",
"started providing small diamonds instead of large ones."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which situation would most likely cause an object to travel in a circular motion?
|
[
"one force acting on the object in the opposite direction of the motion",
"two forces acting on the object in the same direction as the motion",
"one force acting on the object perpendicular to the direction of the motion",
"two forces acting on the object in different directions to the motion"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sharing cars to work is not unusual.But what about sharing time to raise children together? In Ningbo city of Zhejiang province in East China, young mothers in the same neighborhood pool their children together, and share the responsibility of being parents. Spending every day together, but not families - in this coastal city of East China, three mothers are trying a new way of raising their kids, by pooling them together. Among the mothers are both office workers and housewives.They say they do so not just because of the tight schedule. Jiujiu's mother said, "By kids pooling, we mean to create an opportunity for the kids to spend time together so that we can observe our kids, learn more about them.And then we can discuss how to better bring them up." The three families have been doing so for two years, in school days and holidays.Their children have grown used to each other's company, Chichi's mother said, "My son was a bit shy.We've been talking him to be more active, but he hardly changed.After joining the kids pool, suddenly we found him willing to communicate with others now.When we are not there, he has to rely on himself to get along with his pals." Generally, mothers speak highly about the pooling.The mothers describe the pooling as bringing the running water into a closed pond.It opens a window to a different world for both kids and parents.But there are moments when opinions differ.Xiaoxiao's mother said, "Sex education for example.Kids will be curious about it when they reach a certain age.Personally I want to talk with my child about it, frankly and sincerely.But the other two moms think it better not to bring it up." Xiaoxiao's mother says her solution is to share some parenting guidebooks with other mothers and let them make the decision. The headmaster of the kindergarten believes such pooling activities test not only children, but also the parents.Jin Hongqing, kindergarten headmaster said, "Parents need to be tolerant and patient.They shouldn't play the blame game when kids fight with each other.It's better to let the kids solve the issue by themselves.What they can do as parents is to communicate." Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
|
[
"Kids pooling.",
"Chinese parenting.",
"Sharing children.",
"Sharing cars."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for
|
[
"growth and repair",
"sexual reproduction",
"obtaining energy",
"production of sex cells"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What advantage do sea stars gain from having radial symmetry?
|
[
"They reproduce at a faster rate.",
"They digest food more efficiently.",
"They move quickly along the ground.",
"They sense predators and potential food from all directions."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
China's second manned space flight will be done by two astronauts over five days in 2005. "Shenzhou-VI will be sent into space sometime in 2005," said Zuo Saichun, a spokesperson of the China Aerospace Science and Technology (CAST). "The spacecraft will make new breakthroughs in China's manned space technology." Unlike Shenzhou-V, a little more than a year ago (in October, 2003), the next flight will see two astronauts fly in space for five days. Their capsule is designed to be capable of orbiting for a whole week, the spokesperson said. "For the first time, astronauts will enter and live in the orbital module of the spacecraft to do scientific experiments," said a statement from CAST. CAST did not say what those experiments will be. In Shenzhou-VI, scientists have changed the spacecraft's configuration to reduce its weight, and tried to improve the performance of on-board equipment. They have also worked to make sure of the energy supply of the spacecraft and further improve its safety. So far, scientists have worked out ways to solve problems on environmental control and life support. Shenzhou-VI will be sent into orbit atop a Long March 2F rocket. Meanwhile, a model of the Chang'e-1 satellite is expected to be sent to orbit the moon in two years. The satellite, part of the three-stage programme, would be followed by the landing of an unmanned vehicle on the moon in the second stage by 2010 and collecting samples of lunar soil by 2020 in the final stage, according to Sun Laiyan, director of the China National Space Administration. Which of the following does NOT belong to the three-stage programme?
|
[
"Shenzhou-VI's being sent into space.",
"A model of the Chang'e-1 satellite will be sent to orbit the moon.",
"The landing of an unmanned vehicle on the moon.",
"Collecting samples of lunar soil."
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Growing mushrooms is probably the easiest thing you can do even if you are new to mushroom growing. It is becoming more common because restaurants are starting to create more dishes that include mushrooms. Mushroom growing is easy. To start, you need to have a space where you are going to grow these mushrooms. It does not have to be a huge space but just enough for you to grow as many mushrooms as you need. When you have found the space perfect for you, you can start researching what kind of mushrooms you want to grow. There are a lot of mushrooms to choose from and not all of them are suitable to eat. When you decide what kind of mushrooms you want to grow, you can start getting ready to plant the mushrooms. Sometimes you may want to hire some workers to help if you have a large mushroom farm, or if you are trying to start a professional mushroom growing business. Trying to have a business by yourself can be stressful. If you don't have enough time to spend taking care of everything yourself, dome helpers may be the best choice. After you have started the mushroom growing, you should regularly check that your mushrooms grow properly and that they are not being attacked by any pesticides or any other animals or something that could be dangerous to them. That is the worst part of mushroom developing. Protect your mushroom farm well with a fence or a gate so that only you and your workers can get in and out. Mushroom growing is not difficult and it is easy to get stared in the world of farming. You will soon possibly be able to provide some of the great cooks of the world with high quality mushrooms that will be enjoyed by thousands of people all over the world. According to the passage, many people begin to plant mushrooms probably _ .
|
[
"because they are in great need.",
"because they look very beautiful",
"because they are healthy food",
"because they are very expensive"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You've heard it repeatedly: Make sure you drink at least eight glasses of water per day. The key words are "at least", because, unless you are a child, you need more water than that. The rule is, for every 50 pounds of body weight you carry, drink one quart of bottled or filtered water per day. The average person weighs 150 pounds, so they should drink three quarts per day. A 200 pounds person should drink a full gallon per day. Athletes should drink even more than that. Follow these and you've adopted one of the most important health habits. Our bodies are mostly water, and water is essential to our every function. Drink the appropriate amount, and everything is much more likely to function at the best levels. If you don't drink enough water, over the short term you will experience tiredness, dry skin, headaches and constipation ; over the longer term, every body function will _ more quickly. It really is as simple as that. Things get a bit more complicated in what type of water to drink. Bottled water and filtered water are both good options. Do not drink tap water or distilled water .Bottled water should be bottled in clear glass containers, not the plastic containers that transfer far too many chemicals into the water. Filtered water can be obtained through low-cost filters. Tap water should be avoided because it contains chlorine and may contain fluoride , which is poisonous and can have terrible consequences for the body. Distilled water should also be avoided because it can burn up your body of necessary minerals. It has been tied to hair loss, which is often associated with certain mineral lack. Finally, drink water at room temperature if possible, as ice-cold water can harm your stomach. What kinds of water are proper for drinking?
|
[
"Tap water and bottled water.",
"Tap water and distilled water.",
"Bottled water and filtered water.",
"Distilled water and filtered water."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A capacitor carries a charge of 0.1 C at 5 V. Its capacitance is
|
[
"0.02 F",
"0.5 F",
"0.05 F",
"0.2 F"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu
|
The day after news broke of a possible revolution in physics ----particles moving faster than light ?a scientist leading the European experiment that made the discovery calmly explained it to a standing-room- only crowd at CERN. The physicist, Dario Auterio, did not try to explain what the results might mean for the laws of physics, let alone the broader world.After an hour of technical talk, he simply said, "Therefore, we present to you today this difference, this unusualness." But what unusualness it may be.From 2009 through 2011, the massive OPERA detector buried in a mountain in Gran Sasso, Italy, recorded subatomic particles called neutrinos ( ) arriving faster than light can move in an empty space.The neutrinos generated at CERN are hardly detectably early.If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into disorder. "If it's correct, it's _ ." said Rob Plunkett, a scientist at Fermilab, the Department of Energy physics laboratory in Illinois."We'd be looking at a whole new set of rules" for how the universe works.Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, published in 1905.Basical at the time, the theory tied together space and time, matter and energy, and set a hard limit for the speed of light, later measured to be about 186, 000 miles per second. No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit.Physicists expect strict study to follow, which OPERA and CERN scientists welcomed. Fermilab operates a similar experiment, called MINOS, that shoots neutrinos from Illinois to an underground detector in Minnesota.In 2007, MINOS discovered a just detectable amount of faster than-light neutrinos, but the permissible difference of error was too big to "mention" , Plunkett said. Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data, which will take six to eight months.In 2013, the MINOS detector, now offline, will restart after an upgrade.It could then offer confirmation of the results. The best title for the passage may be _ .
|
[
"Are the laws of physics in disorder?",
"Particles faster than light; Revolution or mistake?",
"Faster than light measurement: right or wrong?",
"Is Einstein's theory still right today?"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A fad diet is a diet that suddenly becomes popular, usually because it promises people that they will lose a lot of weight overnight. Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet, they will almost certainly get back the weight if their usual eating habits remain unchanged. Moreover, fad diets continuously call for special products of questionable value or for "health foods" that may cost twice as much as supermarket foods. Worse yet, certain fad diets don't include nutrients good for health. People have been known to become very ill as a result of following medically unhealthy diets. The worse fact of fad diets, though, is that they keep people who are over-weight or sick from receiving the medical care that they truly need. In the writer's opinion, fad diets _ .
|
[
"are very helpful",
"are not healthy diet",
"won't cost much",
"include lots of nutrients"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Long long ago there was a great man who married the woman he loved so much. Soon they had a little girl. She was a bright and happy little girl and the great man loved her very much. When the little girl was growing up, the great man sang and danced with her. The man told her daughter, "I love you, my little girl." When the little girl got older, the man still loved her and called her little girl. Then she shouted and said, "I'm not a little girl anymore." Every time the man laughed, "But to me, you'll always be my little girl." Later the little girl left her home and went into the outside world. As she learned more about the world, she learned more about the man. She understood that he truly was great and strong, for now she knew his _ . One of his strengths was to show his love to his family. No matter where she was, the man would call her and say, "I love you, my little girl." The clay came when the little girl got a phone call. The great man was badly ill. He had a stroke . So she went back home, When she walked into the room and saw him. he looked small and not strong at all. He looked at her and tried to speak, but he could not. He could no longer smile, dance or tell the girl he loved her. The little girl did the only thing she could do. She climbed up on the bed next to the great man. Tears ran from both of their eyes and she hugged her father, At that time she thought of many things. She remembered the wonderful times together with her father. With the beat of his father's heart, she seemed to hear, "I love you, my little girl." The girl told her father not to call her little girl because _ .
|
[
"others laughed at her",
"she didn't like her father",
"she had another name",
"she wasn't young any more"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory, researchers say. A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers. And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers. The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university's campus. Those who took part were asked to recall small details, such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points-known as real world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks. Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, "Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States, it's important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example. " "This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an _ on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too. '' The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan and Dr. Terence O'Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking-toxins left on curtains and furniture. How did those who took part in the study perform when asked to recall small details?
|
[
"Smokers did the worst among the participants.",
"Non-smokers could recall about half of them.",
"Smokers could recall nothing at all.",
"Those who gave up smoking did best."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The global financial crisis is likely to cause increased mental health problems as people struggle to deal with poverty and unemployment, the World Health Organization warned Thursday. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are already affected by mental problems such as depression and bipolar disorders and the current market meltdown could worsen feelings of despair among people who can't stand such illnesses. The United Nations agency said the impact could be especially marked for those living in low and middle income countries where access to treatment is often limited. "We should not be surprised at the turbulence and likely consequences of the current financial crisis.Now we are seeing a huge gap in taking care of people in great need," WHO director general Margaret Chan told at a meeting of mental health experts. "It should not come as a surprise that we continue to see more stresses, suicides and mental disorders," Chan warned. Benedetto Saraceno, director of WHO's mental health, said mental health disorders affected one in four people at some point in their lives. Mental and neurological disorders are often chronic and disabling, he said.Nearly 1 million people commit suicide worldwide every year, a large part of them are young adults. Asked about the financial crisis, Saraceno said, "Poverty can be the consequence of such events, the debts, despair and sense of loss that may reach middle and lower classes.Even the poor can be affected by this crisis." "There is clear evidence that suicide is linked to financial disasters.I am not talking about the millionaire's jumping out of the window but about poor people," he said.The global crisis could be expected to affect the "stability of communities and families", according to Saraceno. The United Nations agency worried that _ .
|
[
"more rich people would commit suicide",
"the financial crisis might especially influence developing or underdeveloped countries",
"the current market meltdown could worsen feelings of despair",
"hundreds of millions of people in the world were already affected by mental problems"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Unlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents. Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaurs' fossils because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. It's very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils. Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place. They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck all at once, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries. Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone. Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups. "That's pretty much settled at this point," says Paul Sereno. A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south, suggesting that they even moved long distances together. As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs-birds and crocodiles-for possible models. Birds give a lot of care to their young, while crocodiles just help their young to the water. The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies, but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same. There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered. Dinosaur scientists, will have to find more proof to reach an agreement. Dinosaur scientists can get information directly by _ .
|
[
"studying dinosaur fossils",
"examining modern animals",
"watching dinosaurs",
"using telescopes"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Not long ago, the only time you could see a robot was when you were reading a novel or watching a movie such asStar Wars . Today, however, a lot of things in science stories have been science facts. Robots are starting to appear in our everyday lives. These robots have different sizes, shapes, and colors. But they all have the same type of man-made "brain". Leading the robot revolution are industrial robots that work in factories. Industrial robots can do different kinds of jobs that are often boring and sometimes dangerous. Robots are also coming to American homes, though not as quickly as they are entering factories. These robots aren't as friendly and bright as those you saw in Star Wars.But, their makers say, today's home robots "walk", sense objects in their way (and sometimes knock into them), and even carry objects (which they sometimes drop). Well, nobody is perfect. We may laugh at home robot today, but some day they may see and hear better than humans do. We humans can only see certain wavelengths of light, and hear certain sounds. That's because the abilities of our eyes and ears are limited. Robots, however, need not have the same limits as we have. Robot may also be equipped with devices that pick up information humans can't. To understand what their sensing devices pick up is a hard job. Remember, man--made brains handle information, including all kinds of data, as zeroes and ones. Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a football looks like--using only zeroes and ones. According to this passage, present home robots _ .
|
[
"are better than human in seeing and hearing",
"are as capable as those in Star Wars",
"can pick up objects more quickly than humans",
"sometimes perform wrong actions"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Assume all other forces on Kylie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Kylie?
|
[
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Kylie.",
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kylie."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Your morning cup of coffee may start to taste even better after a major government study found that frequent coffee drinkers have a lower risk of dying from a variety of diseases, compared with people who drink little or no coffee. The report, published online in The New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, analyzed the coffee-drinking habits of more thatn 400,000 men and women from 50 to 71 years old, making it the largest-ever study of the relationship between coffee consumption and health. Previous studies have offered conflicting results on the benefits, or harm associated with regular coffee consumption. While coffee contains caffeine, which may temporarily increase heart rate and blood pressure in some people, coffee also contains hundreds of unique compounds that may do good to health. Further confusing much of the research into coffee is the fact that many coffee drinkers are also smokers, and it has been difficult to untangle the health effects of coffee and cigarettes. To learn more, researchers from the National Institutes of Health analyzed diet and health information collected from questionnaires filled out by 229,119 men and 173,141 women, who were members of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) between 1995 and 1996. They were followed until 2008, by which point 52,000 had died. As expected, the researchers found that the regular coffee drinkers in the group were also more likely to be smokers. They are more red meat and fewer fruits and vegetables, exercised less and drank more alcohol -- all behaviors associated with poor health. But once the researchers were able to separate the risks, the data showed that the more coffee a person consumed, the less likely he or she was to die from a number of health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, infections and even injuries and accidents. According to the passage, previous studies have shown that _ .
|
[
"drinking coffee has some risk",
"drinking coffee is perfectly healthy",
"coffee drinkers always live longer",
"coffee does more harm to health than cigarettes"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older.But this is not true,according to Dr.Lissy F.Jarvik,professor of psychiatry at the University of California,Los Angeles,and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital.She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years.For example,one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old.As Dr.Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s,their minds did not generally decline as was expected. However,there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to.But when speed was not a factor,they lost very little intellectual ability over the years.In general,Dr.Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability.This is true not only into the 30s and 40s,but into the 60s and 70s as well. As for learning new things,and ability to remember,studies by Dr.Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young.It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was.However,much of what we call"loss of memory"is not that at a11. In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decline,it is not necessarilv a sign of a decay due to becoming old or"senility".Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state.This depression usually can be got rid of by counseling with a psychologist,or medicine which fights depression. In American society,when an older person loses something,we tend to call him or her"senile".But notice that when a younger person loses something,he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory.He finds some other excuse! According to Dr.Jarvik's studies,middle-aged and older persons should expect to .
|
[
"reason better",
"learn fewer new things",
"remember less",
"1ose little ability to remember"
] | 3D
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The winter vacation is coming. I don't want to spend more time playing. I decide to work to make money for the next term. But I don't know what work I can do. Now, my mother is writing a book. She is busy and tired. I want to type for her for pay. When I tell her, she is very happy. She agrees to pay me 5 yuan for 1,000 words. But she asks me to do it carefully. It is a hard job for me. I type so slowly that I can type only 800 words a day. But I don't want to give up. I will keep typing all day long. I think I can type faster and faster. I plan to finish the work in two weeks. Then, I will do my winter homework. I begin to know how hard it is to make money. And I really know the meaning of "Where there's a will, there's a way." How many words must he type if he wants to make 15 yuan?
|
[
"1,000.",
"2,000.",
"3,000.",
"4,000."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Man is the most intelligent animal created by God because God has given him language which other animals do not have. Communication makes life extremely convenient and easy. Language plays a very important role in life as any emotion can be easily and effectively conveyed through language to anyone. But all this is applicable and beneficial only to human beings. What about animals? How do they communicate with each other? We all know that animals do not have the ability to use language as a medium for communication. But they do have other means of conveying messages to other animals, of which use of body language is the most important one. The messages can be of many types like conveying food location, danger alarms, appreciation of good deeds like helping other animals in dangerous situations, etc. There are two main types of communication in animals: verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Sound is one of the most common types of verbal communication in animals, and majority of the species use it as the medium to convey messages. Bats have to rely on sound waves to communicate. They mostly rest in the morning and become active at night to search for food and do other tasks. All the birds communicate through their chirping. Mammals generally make use of sounds to give calls to other members of their community. Whales are the perfect examples, which use sound waves for communication. They have a whale song, which they repeat after regular intervals. Facial Expressions This kind of communication is mostly found in dogs. When they are angry, they show their teeth and raise their ears. On the other hand, when they are frightened, they pull their ears behind and open their mouth. Also, in birds, when the parent bird brings food for the offspring, the begging expression can be observed on the offspring's face. Gestures and Body Movements This type of communication is common not only in animals, but in human beings too. All human beings, although they use language for communication, tend to use gestures and body movements as well while communicating. Honey bees are the most enthusiastic creatures on earth because they dance to communicate. Some bees dance in the hive so that other bees get signals of the location of the honey comb. A deer waves its tail to warn others of coming danger. When a dog pulls its ears behind with the mouth open, we can tell it _ .
|
[
"is angry",
"is frightened",
"has been begging for food",
"has eaten too much"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a basketball court?
|
[
"25 centimeters",
"25 millimeters",
"25 meters",
"25 kilometers"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which relationship between Earth's outer core and inner core generates a large portion of Earth's magnetic field?
|
[
"their relative masses",
"their relative motions",
"their relative diameters",
"their relative circumferences"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Louis Pasteur discovered a process that allows milk to be stored in sealed containers for long periods of time without spoiling. The process, called pasteurization, involves heating the milk before placing it in the sealed containers.Which is the best explanation of how pasteurization works?
|
[
"Heat strengthens molecules that prevent spoiling.",
"The chemical structure of the food changes with the heat.",
"Heat killed microorganisms that could cause spoiling.",
"The food particles are better mixed after heating."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Repeating experiments improves the likelihood of accurate results because the overall results are
|
[
"less likely to prove the hypothesis correct.",
"more likely to prove the hypothesis correct.",
"less likely to be correct due to fewer errors being made.",
"more likely to be correct due to fewer errors being made."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
NASA has opened the door to the next generation of space discovery by announcing great plans for a base for humans to live on the surface of the moon forever. The project to build a base on the moon will begin soon after 2020, with astronauts living there within four years. The project comes after several excellent scientists and environmentalists asked humans to look beyond Earth to ensure the survival of the species . Eventually, the moon will be a base for humans to explore the solar system and one day land on Mars. NASA began planning for the first moon landing since 1972 when George Bush, the US president, announced his new plan for space exploration four years ago. NASA has already talked about the design of the Orion spacecraft that will replace the old space shuttle fleet in 2010. The plan for the moon base, however, is the first detailed explanation of how NASA intends to prepare for the first manned exploration of deep space and a possible Mars mission within 30 years. Scientists also believe that the south pole on the moon contain rich natural gases such as the rare helium-3 that could be used as fuel for the generation of nuclear power. Besides, teams of astronauts living there for six months at a time would mine for hydrogen and oxygen to make water and possibly rocket fuel. The reasons why NASA has begun the plan to explore space include the followings except _ .
|
[
"to protect Earth",
"to explore deep space",
"to finish Mars mission",
"to show how powerful the USA is"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
See a cellphone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you. In the near future, you'll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting "print" on your computer. You might find it hard to believe that you could actually "print" an object like you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays ink onto paper line by line, modern 3D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape. Instead of ink, the materials the 3D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin and certain metals. The thinner each layer is--from a millimetre to less than the width of a hair--the smoother and finer the object will be. This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back then, it was barely affordable for most people, so few knew about it. Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3D printing industry--printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3D printer might have cost PS20,000, while now they cost only about PS1,000, according to the BBC. Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3D printing can create just about anything you can think of--flutes , bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one. However, as 3D printing becomes more common, it may bring about certain problems--such as piracy. "Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils on your personal 3D printer, who will visit a retail store again?" an expert in 3D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3D printer to print out a fully functioning gun? According to the article, in the future, the 3D printing technology will _ .
|
[
"enable people to make better purchases online",
"change the way we make many products",
"be applied as widely in our daily life as computers",
"shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An astronomer is studying two stars that are the same distance from Earth. Star X appears brighter than star Y. Which statement best explains this observation?
|
[
"Star X is larger than star Y.",
"Star Y is larger than star X.",
"Star X reflects the Sun's light better than star Y.",
"Star Y reflects the Sun's light better than star X."
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Becoming a teacher is one of the best ways to make a difference in the life of a child and even older students. Here are some great scholarships and grant opportunities to get the ball rolling on your dreams of becoming a teacher. Straightforward Teacher Program This is one of the most popular and unique scholarships available for students working towards becoming teachers. The foundation offers their scholarships every three months as opposed to each year. During each payment, four students receive a $500 scholarship. Prezell Robinson Scholarship Program While this scholarship is available only to students in the state of North Carolina, it is so incredibly helpful that many students choose to study in the state for the only purpose of receiving it. It is offered to college students who come from low-income high schools or families that are interested in pursuing a long term career in education at any level. New York State Scholarship Program Officials in the state of New York founded this program to award students who want to give back to their community through their ability to teach. The catch for this scholarship is that the students must be pursuing a teaching career in mathematics or science at the secondary level. Also, because the program was designed to improve the education system in New York, the candidates must sign a service contract agreeing to work full time within the state for at least five years after graduation. Coca-Cola Scholarships You may have many opportunities for grants and scholarships through The Coca Cola Foundation. There is the Coca Cola Teaching Foundation that will provide free money for students pursuing an education in the teaching field. This is the most obvious for teachers, but do not be afraid to check out their other offers. Funds For Teachers Not all scholarships or grants are for students entering or already in college. The Funds for Teachers scholarships are for graduates who are already working in the field, but want to improve their possibilities, skills and education in an effort to increase their ability to teach the students that cross their path more effectively. Teachers in PreK through 12th grade are applicable no matter where they teach or what subject they specialize in. What is the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Dreams of Becoming a Teacher",
"Teaching Scholarships and Grants",
"Five Scholarships for Teachers",
"Five Scholarships for Students"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Emilia investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?",
"Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants?",
"Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
At least eight babies in East China'sprefix = st1 /AnhuiProvincehave died since last year. they died of serious deficiency disease which happened to them because of fake milk powders. More than 100 other babies in Fuyang, mostly between three and five months old, are still in poor nutrition after drinking different kinds of cheap milk powders produced in North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province and Beijing. The baby victims were born healthy, but they became thinner and thinner, and had large heads for their bodies after fake milk powders were fed to them. "My girl, the first child of mine, died when she was only four months old after drinking the 'Haobaobei'milk powder."said Zhang Linwei, a 32-year-old villager of the Wangzhuang Village in Fuyang. Zhang found that his daughter got ill after the girl didn't want to drink the milk powder any more half a month before. "Before that , I though my daughter's face was becoming fatter and fatter because she was fed well and grew fast."the baby's father said. The girl died nine days later after she was sent to hospital and all of the family's savings were spent on her medical treatment. "It is like a terrible dream. I never thought that my baby would _ like this ."he said. Zhang said he tried to telephone and write to the producer of the milk powder by the address on the packing bag but never made it. "The fake milk powders only have 5-6 per cent protein and the lowest is has only 1 per cent. For babies, drinking such fake milk powder is no different from drinking water,"Zhang Fangjun, said a medical expert with the Fuyang People's Hospital. "Such so-called milk powders cannot afford any nutrition for babies' growth," Zhang said. The best title for the passage may be_.
|
[
"Serious Deficiency Disease",
"Sick Babies in Fuyang",
"Fake milk powders 'kill' babies",
"Big Head Disease"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts' bones, reducing their bone density after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday. Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights. "Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, " the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal. They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space. The BMD loss was significant in the tibia of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius of the forearm. "Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton are similarly affected by space conditions, " they added. Without gravity the body isn't bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream. The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth. Scientists have found that _ .
|
[
"the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts",
"the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts' bodies",
"astronauts shouldn't care about the BMD loss",
"astronauts should take some calcium before space travel"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"If music is the medicine of the soul , let it play on," said a famous person. I think he said so because probably he got some help from music. Music has some strange abilities. Medical scientists have found that a person that feels stressed can actually listen to some kind of music and become well. The researchers said that since stress comes as a result of life events such as starting a new family, starting a new business, and starting a new job, one can actually listen to good music and feel good because good music touches the human mind in a positive way. Music helps you to forget the life events that make you worried and remember the important events that once happened in your life. Depression is a disease cause by stress, smoking, social problems and so on. Depression is also caused by problems such as failure in business. Depression may bring us weakness, headache, and loss of concentration. Good music makes one remember happy moments or good days. If you play music about love, it makes you feel like falling in love again though you may have had several upset experiences. And such good feeling make you healthy. Anxiety is another health problem that can be controlled by music. Anxiety is a side effect of some major health problems such as cancer of the liver and cancer of the breast. Good music makes you feel relaxed and removes the pains from these diseases and you feel all right. Good music can send you to sleep. And you need to know that sleep puts your body in a healthy condition. Sleep takes away the effects of stress, depression and anxiety from a person. Which of the following is NOT a reason for depression mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"Stress",
"Smoking",
"Failure in business",
"Loss of concentration"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
By May,after three months,I had lost22pounds and reached my goal of 115 pounds.My friends would say "Alice,you look great!"or"How did you lose so much weight?"Those _ made me feel good and confident. Soon I dropped to110 pounds.A few of my friends told me that I needed to stop dieting,because I was starting to look sick. They brought me a present---- a bag of chocolates,which I later gave to my sister.My mother would come to my room,with tears in her eyes,and have long chats about how harmful this diet was and begged me to stop.My dad would leave worried messages on my cell phone at school,telling me that it would do serious harm to my body. By mid-June,when school was coming to an end,I was down to an only alive state of 95 pounds.All of a sudden,I knew I had to do something.I guessed the number itself scared me.I recalled my doctor.He told me about a girl who was 95 pounds and was at the risk of dying.I knew I was putting my life at risk,but for what? To make those who love me worried? Was it worthwhile to be thin? Now I realize that models in magazines,TV and movies are not realistic.The price to pay for the"perfect body"is living with a dangerous and sometimes deadly eating disorder.And there are more important things to think about than how thin you are. The author decided to stop dieting _ .
|
[
"after her parents persuaded her out of it",
"when her weight dropped to 95 pounds",
"after she reached her goal of losing weight",
"after her friends told her to stop dieting"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A star is a celestial object that produces its own heat and light. Which of these celestial objects is the closest star to Earth?
|
[
"Mars",
"Venus",
"the sun",
"the moon"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The mixing of cold Arctic Ocean water with warm surface Atlantic currents off the northwestern coast of Europe causes which effect?
|
[
"sinking of water as it circulates southwest",
"reversal of current direction back toward the European coast",
"rise in water salinity and upwelling of affected currents",
"rapid evaporation and acceleration of currents toward the pole"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which statement about the Sun is true?
|
[
"The Sun is a very large star that exists far from the Milky Way Galaxy.",
"The Sun is at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.",
"The Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of the Milky Way Galaxy.",
"The Sun has the Milky Way and several other galaxies moving in orbits around it."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Online English Web Sites * www.english-zone.com----A site teaching English grammar; vocabulary and reading skills. Also lots of jokes. * www.theenglishprofessor.com----ESL (="English" as a second language) links. "Learning English free" is its slogan. Very good at helping students improve their writing skills. * www.globalstudy .com/est----Directory of "English as a Second Language" web sites in the United States; Canada; Australia; New Zealand; Great Britain and Ireland. * www.netsurflearning.com----A free English course using materials from the web and catering for all levels. You can improve all kinds of language skills there. * www.rg-chonang.com----Hundreds of ESL links for you to go to. * www.wfi.fr/volterre/weblinklearners.html----A wide variety of English language resources links. Which web site mainly helps you to improve your writing skills?
|
[
"www.rg-chonang.com",
"www.theenglishprofessor.com",
"www.globalstudy .com/est",
"www.wfi.fr/volterre/weblinklearners.html"
] | 1B
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Since the development of the Internet, men and women have frequented the information superhighway for the purposes of research and social networking. Recently, developments in fourth-generation networks and associated communication devices such as smart phones and smart tablets such as the BlackBerry PlayBook have allowed social networking technology to take a giant leap forward. In this fast-paced world it is often difficult to stay in contact with friends, family, and coworkers, due to the fact that work and education often cause people to move to a number of different locations after spending only a short time in each place. Many people have accepted the fact that family members may only see each other a few times a year. Smart phones are equipped with their own wireless fidelity connections, which allow them to connect to Internet-based social networking sites. The BlackBerry PlayBook allows users to make hands-free telephone calls while on the go, and it has a host of other interesting functions. At the same time, PlayBook users can still surf the same old websites, and check e-mail through the Internet connection. However, instant messaging and e-mail are quickly becoming outdated because of the PlayBook's video chat capabilities. This particular feature makes the PlayBook an excellent choice for those families who find themselves separated over long distances. Someone once said that a picture was worth a thousand words. Thanks to the PlayBook's video chat capabilities, users of 4G devices can gain a measure of the physical contact that all human beings hope for, because of the device's ability to deliver the streaming real-time video to their users. Therefore, people can see the person they are speaking to, and read their facial expressions as well as their body language, while also hearing their actual voices in stereo sound . Based on this information, choosing to buy the BlackBerry PlayBook is one of the best choices that one can make. Use the benefits of this newest BlackBerry tablet to stay in touch with those closest to you. With the PlayBook, you will never be far from friends or family no matter where life's journeys might take you. According to the author, fourth-generation networks and related devices_.
|
[
"can help people gain a lot of knowledge easily",
"can help people use networks to make many friends",
"have made a great breakthrough in networking technology",
"will take the place of personal computers completely"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientist Says 'No' to Human Cloning "I've never met a human worth cloning," says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. "It's a stupid endeavor." That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and a cat. They just might succeed in cloning Missy soon -- or perhaps not for another five years. Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted(,) fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. "Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous," he says. Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. "A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right," says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M's research. Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. The prototype(;)is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart. Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament(, ). In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are "both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy." Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals. However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ "Why would you ever want to clone humans," Westhusin asks, "when we're not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?" By "stupid endeavor", Westhusin means to say that _ .
|
[
"human cloning is a foolish undertaking",
"animal cloning is absolutely impractical",
"human cloning should be done selectively",
"animal cloning is not worth the effort at all"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying "Friends are God's way of taking care of us." But how do you find real friendship and keep it? The American writer Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What good friends should you make? It's not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and _ For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complains and do his or her best to help. To make a friend, you can not be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives. But things cannot always be happy. Even the best have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn't want to talk, you could write a letter. There are three steps to being friends again: Tell him or her how you are feeling ; say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life. ,. (5,2,10) What is the best title of the text?
|
[
"Teenagers and friendship",
"The good friends around you",
"The trouble of growing up",
"The care and keeping of friends"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello, I'm Kate. I like different kinds of food. I like hamburgers, salad and orange juice. For breakfast, I often have some milk and hamburgers. I don't like dessert . My favorite football star, Tony Brown, eats lots of healthy food. He likes eggs and vegetables for breakfast. For lunch, he eats hamburgers, tomatoes, chicken, oranges and apple juice. For dinner, he likes meat and French fries. He doesn't have dessert. "I like football better than dessert." he says. Tony Brown likes _ for dinner.
|
[
"meat and French fries",
"milk and hamburgers",
"lots of healthy food",
"oranges and apple juice"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The liver converts glucose to glycogen for storage. Why is this function considered a chemical change?
|
[
"because the conversion transforms solids to liquids",
"because the conversion allows for less glucose in the liver",
"because the conversion changes one substance to a new one",
"because the conversion changes the shape of the liver cells"
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Welcome to your future life! You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, you're not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging treatment. Now, all three of you look the same age ! You say to your shirt , "Turn red." It changes from blue to red. In 2035, "smart clothes" contain particles much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes'color or pattern. You walk into the kitchen . You pick up the milk ,but a voice says , " You shouldn't drink that!" Your fridge has read the chip that contains information about the milk , and it knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip . It's time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your "smart car" where to go. On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve . Such "smart technology" is all around you. So will all these things come true? "For new technology to succeed," says scientist Andrew Zolli , "it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already." The Internet is one example --- what will be the next? Which of the following is mentioned in the text?
|
[
"Fridges will know what people need.",
"Jacket sleeves can be used as a guide.",
"Cars will be able to drive automatically.",
"Nothing can replace the Internet."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA remain on it, according to a new study. DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you --- unless you have an identical twin. Scientists today usually analyze DNA in blood,saliva , or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and their victims. Meghan J. McFadden, a biologist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA remained on cell phones --- even when no blood was involved. To find out, she and a colleague collectedflip-style phones from 10 volunteers. They collected invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user's ear. The scientists scrubbed(meaning "cleaned") the phones using a liquid mixture made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated collecting traces on each phone once more. They discovered DNA that belonged to the phone's owner on each of the phones. Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were cleaned. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's cell phone. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can help a crime-scene investigation. McFadden decided to find out whether people leave their DNA on their cell phones when she _ .
|
[
"got her cell phone lost by chance",
"found a cell phone with blood on it",
"heard about a crime involving a cell phone",
"did research on cell phones"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Life is like the four seasons. Now I am very old, but when I was young, it was the spring of my life. After I was born, I played a lot, and then I started school. I learned many new things. Like a flower, I grew bigger every day. There were happy days and _ ldays: some days the sun shone, and some days it didn't. In my twenties, I had a good job. I was strong and happy. Then I married and had a child. In those days, I didn't have much time to think. Every day I was busy and worked very hard. And so, I started to get some white hairs. The summer of my life passed quickly. Then the days got shorter. Leaves fell from the trees. My child was a university student, and then an engineer. My home was much quieter. I started walking more slowly. One day I stopped working. I had more time. I understood this was my autumn, a beautiful time when the trees change color and give us delicious fruits. But the days kept getting shorter and colder. Winter has come. I am older and weaker. I know I do not have many days left, but I will enjoy them to the end. According to the passage, which of the following ages is during the summer of his life?
|
[
"15.",
"33.",
"62.",
"87."
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A study now lends support to the idea that meal-time distractions can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough. Moreover, it finds, the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what we're eating doesn't necessarily end when a meal is over. Rose Cooperfrom England, and her colleagues gathered 22 men and an equal number of women for an experiment. Each person dined alone, continuously receiving nine small shares of food items. These ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots, cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls. Because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness, the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computer--and to gain as many wins as possible at the "card" game. Everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal. According to their instructions, the participants ate all of the food given to them. Yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had. Game players also swallow down twice as many cookies, almost an hour later, when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted (in the name of a taste test). The British scientists present their findings in the February American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking. It appears, the scientists say, that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies. Interestingly, eight years ago, Britta Barkeling of Huddinge University in Stockholm and her colleaguesreportedsomewhat related findings. Their 18 overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch, on one day--because they were blindfolded. Compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on, these people consumed only three quarters as many calories. Yet even hours afterward, they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates. Of course dining in the dark isn't practical. And sometimes what we eat doesn't really invite our attention. But there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources, a risk to our waistlines--and a costly threat to health. Rose Cooper and her colleagues did the experiment in order to _ .
|
[
"show that all the people enjoy snacks",
"prove that playing computer games is harmful while dining",
"find possible effects of distraction on fullness",
"test the impacts of eating snacks on different people"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?
|
[
"decomposers",
"predators",
"producers",
"scavengers"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A study of a million UK women, published today in The Lancet, has shown that happiness itself has no direct effect on mortality, and that the widespread but mistaken belief that unhappiness and stress directly cause ill health came from studies that had simply confused cause and effect. Life-threatening poor health can cause unhappiness, and for this reason unhappiness is associated with increased mortality. In addition, smokers tend to be unhappier than non-smokers. However, after taking account of previous ill health, smoking, and other lifestyle and socio-economic factors, the investigators found that unhappiness itself was no longer associated with increased mortality. The lead author, Dr Bette Liu, now at the University of New South Wales, Australia said: "Illness makes you unhappy, but unhappiness itself doesn't make you ill. We found no direct effect of unhappiness or stress on mortality, even in a ten-year study of a million women." As in other studies, unhappiness was associated with deprivation, smoking, lack of exercise, and not living with a partner. The strongest associations, however, were that the women who were already in poor health tended to say that they were unhappy, stressed, not in control, and not relaxed. The main analyses included 700 000 women, average age 59 years, and over the next 10 years these women were followed by electronic record linkage for mortality, during which time 30 000 of the women died. After allowing for any differences already present in health and lifestyle, the overall death rate among those who were unhappy was the same as the death rate among those who were generally happy. The study is so large that it rules out unhappiness being a direct cause of any material increase in overall mortality in women. This was true for overall mortality, for cancer mortality, and for heart disease mortality, and it was true for stress as well as for unhappiness. The writer's attitude towards the result of the study is _ .
|
[
"disappointing",
"indifferent",
"subjective",
"objective"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which situation is an example of a feedback system in the body that maintains homeostasis?
|
[
"a mouse pushing a lever to release food",
"a dog going to a food bowl when a bell rings",
"students receiving star stickers for good behavior",
"the brain signaling blood vessels to return to normal"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In an age dominated by new media and the Internet, there are so many alternative ways of learning.Gone are the days when, if we couldn't make it into a classroom, the only real option was to pick up a book, or when audio materials consisted of bad quality cassettes or sporadic radio and TV programmes.With the appearance of broadband access to the web, we have a whole new learning domain at our fingertips.Sophisticated learning materials in the form of text or high-quality audio are now available at the touch of a button, and tests and assignments can be submitted and marked online.Questions and learning, studying away from the classroom has never seemed easier.Yet many teachers would argue that face-to-face contact between teachers and students is an essential part of the language learning experience.Enter the concept of blended learning, an approach to education which seeks to combine the best of new technology and actual human contact. Advocates of blended learning argue that an approach to study which combines the benefits of new technology with the best aspects of face-to-face (often abbreviated to F2F) teaching, will achieve better results.For example, there are some aspects of study, like practical sessions, dealing with more subjective questions, or meeting the needs of an individual student, which require face-to-face human interaction, whereas the more mechanical aspects of learning, such as answers to clear-cut questions, can be managed simply and effectively in a remote environment using new technology. Blended learning approaches have proven especially appropriate in language learning.For example, in an ELT (English Language Teaching ) environment, a simple scenario might be a classroom session where a teacher asks a group of students to use a wiki to create a text. Students then go away and compose and edit the text remotely.During the next F2F session, the teacher express his opinion about their work. Which of the following aspects of study doesn't require face-to-face interaction between teachers and students?
|
[
"Practical sessions.",
"Tackling the needs of an individual student.",
"Dealing with more subjective questions.",
"Providing answers to clear-cut questions."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Laboratory work is your chance to learn science firsthand. It can be fun but you must be careful to prevent injury. Listen closely when your teacher reads and explains the rules before your first lab lesson. LABORATORYRULES Throughout the lesson *Do not enter the science lab without the teacher's permission.*No food or drinks are to be alowed in the science lab. Before the Experiment *Read al instructions carefuly before every experiment. *Prepare al apparatus and arrange them so that you wil not knock them over while doing the experiment. During the Experiment *If you are unsure of how to use any apparatus or how to operate, ask your teacher for help.*Never smel or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission. After the Experiment *Wash al apparatus after use and return them to the places where they were. *Throw waste materials in proper waste baskets. First Aid *Report al accidents to your teacher immediately. *If you spil( )any chemicals onto your body or clothing, wash with plenty of water and report to your teacher. It is clear that you can _ .
|
[
"bring food into the lab",
"enter the lab anytime",
"smel chemicals as you like",
"learn science directly in the lab"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the statements is the most accurate in describing the chemical equation shown below? 2H_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g) -> 2H_{2}O(g) + energy
|
[
"A solid is produced.",
"Energy is released.",
"Energy is absorbed.",
"Equal numbers of molecules are on both sides of the arrow."
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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