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23573232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Clubbers | East Clubbers | The East Clubbers were a dance group from Poland, composed of Piotr Kwiatkowski (DJ Silver) and Piotr Wachnicki (DJ Sqren). The duo also worked with another Polish producer, Janardana. East Clubbers has many international hits, particularly in Europe, such as "Walk Alone", "Beat is Coming" and "Crazy Right Now".
History
The members of the East Clubbers have worked over eight years in the dance music field. They have previously been involved in other projects, such as Clubringer, DPM, Trinity and Janardana. The group has been together since 2002.
Career
The group co-operates with Kate Lesing, who sings most of their songs. East Clubbers aim to popularize Polish dance music internationally. The duo's first album, E-Quality, was released in 2004. Their second album, Never Enough, includes singles such as My Love, Make Me Live and Sextasy which were popular in Poland. The majority of the tracks have a progressive house and dance sound to them. They have also made several songs for Norwegian Russ-busses.
Discography
References
Discogs.com
Eurodance groups
Polish electronic music groups
Musical groups established in 2002 |
6899647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Legault | François Legault | François Legault (; born May 26, 1957) is a Canadian politician serving as the 32nd premier of Quebec since 2018. A member of the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ), he has led the party since its founding in 2011. Legault sits as a member of the National Assembly (MNA) for the Lanaudière region riding of L'Assomption. Prior to entering politics, he was the co-founder of the Canadian airline Air Transat.
Legault was a MNA from 1998 to 2009—serving in the governments of former premiers Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry—as the minister of education from 1998 to 2002 and as the minister of health from 2002 to 2003. He was member of the Parti Québécois (PQ), first elected in the 1998 Quebec election in the riding of Rousseau. He was re-elected in 2003, 2007 and 2008 but resigned his seat on June 25, 2009. He returned to the legislature following his victory in the 2012 Quebec provincial election as the MNA for L'Assomption, a suburb of Montreal. He was reelected in 2014 and 2018. Legault is the first premier not be a member of the Quebec Liberal Party or the Parti Québécois (PQ) since Jean-Jacques Bertrand's 1970 Union Nationale government.
Early life and education
François Legault was born on May 26, 1957, at the Lachine Hospital and grew up in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec. His father, Lucien Legault, was a postmaster. His mother, Pauline Schetagne, was a housewife who also worked as a cashier at the local A&P grocery store.
Legault has a bachelor's and master's degree in business administration from HEC Montréal. He is also a member of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Business career
Legault worked as an administrator for Provigo and an auditor for Ernst & Young until 1984. In 1985, Legault became the director of finance and administration at Nationair Canada and then marketing director at Quebecair. He then co-founded Air Transat in 1986. He was the chief executive officer of that company until 1997. Air Transat quickly became one of the largest airline companies in Canada offering charter flights. From 1995 to 1998, Legault sat on the boards of various companies, including Provigo Inc., Culinar, Sico, Technilab Inc. and Bestar Inc., and the Marc-Aurèle Fortin private museum.
Political career
Parti Québécois
After his 1998 election, Legault was appointed by Lucien Bouchard as minister for industry and commerce. He was later named the minister of education.
When Bouchard resigned, Legault supported Bernard Landry.
Landry appointed Legault as minister of education and later as minister of health and social services. He was re-elected in 2003 while the PQ lost to the Quebec Liberal Party. He remained on the PQ front bench as the critic for economics, economic development, and finances.
Legault endorsed Richard Legendre in the 2005 PQ leadership election, which was won by André Boisclair. After his re-election in 2007, Legault was renamed the PQ critic for economic development and finances.
Legault was re-elected in the 2008 election but announced on June 25, 2009, that would retire from politics. He was seen by some political analysts at the time as a potential contender in a future leadership election. However, some Liberals thought that he could replace Jean Charest, then premier.
Coalition Avenir Québec
In February 2011, Legault co-founded with Charles Sirois a new political movement called the "Coalition pour l'avenir du Québec" ("Coalition for the Future of Quebec"). In November 2011 it became an official party under the name Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ). The CAQ aims to bring together like-minded voters in a single party regardless of their views on Quebec nationalism, Quebec federalism and Quebec autonomism. In a break with his sovereigntist past, Legault promised that a CAQ government would never hold a referendum on sovereignty. Soon after retiring from politics, he became disenchanted with sovereigntism and resigned from the PQ. He concluded that Quebec belongs within Canada but has vowed that a CAQ government would "explore all options" to defend Quebec's interests and demand greater power.
The party finished third in the 2012 general election, winning 19 seats and 27.05 percent of the vote. In the 2014 general election, the CAQ finished third again, but increased their seat count to 22.
In the 2018 general election on October 1, Legault led the CAQ to a gain of 53 seats for a total of 74, vaulting the CAQ from third place to a majority of 11 and making Legault the premier of Quebec. He is the first premier in 48 years to not hail from the Liberals or Parti Québécois.
Premier of Quebec (2018–present)
On October 18, 2018, Legault was sworn in as Premier of Quebec, marking the end of nearly 50 years of Liberal and Parti Québécois rule in the province.
Religious symbols
Having run on the platform during the 2018 election, on March 28, 2019, the Quebec government tabled its long-awaited secularism bill. Bill 21, entitled "An Act respecting the laicity of the State", if made law, would ban public workers in positions of authority from wearing religious symbols. This would include any public employee who carries a weapon, including police officers, courthouse constables, bodyguards, prison guards and wildlife officers, as well as Crown prosecutors, government lawyers and judges, school principals, vice-principals and teachers. The bill invoked notwithstanding clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to prevent it from being overturned by the courts.
The bill passed on June 17 by a 73–35 vote, with backing of the Parti Québécois while the Liberals and Quebec Solidaire were opposed. The Coalition Avenir Quebec government also introduced a last-minute amendment toughening the law, making provisions for a minister to verify that it is being obeyed and to demand corrective measures if necessary.
Immigration
Under Legault CAQ government, he has decreased immigration numbers to 40,000 in 2019, and he has also in 2019 introduced a values test for immigrants.
In 2019, during a European Trip to France, Legault said he wants more French and other European immigrants to come to Quebec with the overall immigration numbers cut.
In August 2019, Legault said to businesses that they need to boost wages if they want to find workers. this came after some business called for immigration increase.
In December 2019, during a meeting with Governor of California Gavin Newsom, Legault declared that all French-Canadians are Catholic.
In June 2022, Legault said he's against Multiculturalism.
Language
In May 2022, The CAQ government of Legault passed Bill 96, with 78 MNAs in favour (from the CAQ and Québec solidaire) and 29 against (from the Liberal Party and Parti Québécois). The bill strengthen the 1970s Charter of the French Language bill.
In that same year Legault caused some controversy when he said that Quebec risked being a Louisiana (which used to be French-speaking but longer) if Quebec doesn't have more control over immigration policy.
2019 apology to Indigenous peoples
Legault apologized to First Nations and Inuit in October 2019 for discrimination they suffered in dealing with the state, noting the Province of Quebec had failed in its duty to them. He acknowledged that apologies are but a first step, and more work needs to be done to break down barriers and rectify long-standing problems.
COVID-19 response
During the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak, Legault organized daily press conferences with Director of Public Health Horacio Arruda and Minister of Health Danielle McCann, starting March 12, to encourage the population to stay home and keep hygiene measures that would help suppress spread of the virus. In May, Canada's chief science adviser, Mona Nemer, criticized Quebec for its lack of testing and tracing strategy.
Environmental targets
In November 2020, Legault announced the government's plan to tackle climate change, which would involve a ban on the sale of new gas-powered vehicles from 2035 (commercial vehicles and second-hand cars would be exempt). Some experts have said that rather than focusing on electric vehicles, more funds should be committed to public transit and climate change mitigation.
Education
Under Legault government, They passed Bill 40 on February 8, 2020. This expropriated the province's 60 French school boards, turning them into school service centres.
Bill 40 was passed to expropriate school boards that have been running in English style for 175 years. This did not include nine English school boards. But the move is seen as further undermining English-language education in the province.
After the Controversy over academic freedom at the University of Ottawa, According to Legault, events like the one at the University of Ottawa are caused by a handful of radical activists who are trying to engage in Censorship.
In April 2022, the Legault government tabled Bill 32 an bill on Academic freedom in universities. The bill passed on June 2022.
Buy Local initiative
Legault and his government has promoted a buy local campaign. His government in early 2020 formed an online directory of local Quebec retailers in a website called — or Blue Basket. The aim of is to be a local version and a competitor to Amazon to sell Quebec products. As early as November 2019 Legault supported calls for the creation of a Quebec version of Amazon, which his economy minister described as a way to serve nationalist customers.
Bibliography
Cap sur un Québec gagnant : le projet Saint-Laurent , Montréal, Éditions du Boréal, 2013, 304 p.
Personal life
Legault married Isabelle Brais on March 7, 1992, in Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, and has two children. He was raised in the Montreal suburb of Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue.
Legault is Catholic.
Awards and honours
Legault has been a Fellow of the (Order of Chartered Accountants of Québec) since 2000.
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
French Quebecers
Canadian Catholics
Premiers of Quebec
Parti Québécois MNAs
Coalition Avenir Québec MNAs
Quebec political party leaders
People from Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec
Conservatism in Canada
Canadian businesspeople
Canadian accountants
Canadian economists
Canadian financiers
HEC Montréal alumni
Canadian company founders
Canadian airline chief executives
Canadian political party founders
21st-century Canadian politicians
Members of the Executive Council of Quebec
Right-wing politics in Canada
Businesspeople from Montreal
Critics of multiculturalism |
6899654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Clue%20in%20the%20Jewel%20Box | The Clue in the Jewel Box | The Clue in the Jewel Box is the twentieth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1943 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.
Plot
An antique dealer's revelation about a former queen's priceless heirloom leads Nancy on a series of exciting yet dangerous adventures. Madame Alexandra, who is living in exile in River Heights, asks Nancy to search for her long-lost grandson. Using an old, faded photo of the prince at age four, Nancy begins her search. A secret in the old jewel box helps Nancy unveil a slick impostor, and bring the mystery to its thrilling conclusion.
Nancy Drew books
1943 American novels
1943 children's books
Novels about missing people
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
23573242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20ECM%20Prague%20Open | 2009 ECM Prague Open | The 2009 ECM Prague Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 8th edition of the ECM Prague Open, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour. It took place in Prague, Czech Republic, from July 13 through July 19, 2009.
The tournament included tennis exhibition involving Pat Cash, Mansour Bahrami and Henri Leconte.
WTA entrants
Seeds
Seedings are based on the rankings of July 6, 2009.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw
Kristína Kučová
Zarina Diyas
Karolína Plíšková
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Timea Bacsinszky
Kristina Mladenovic
Ksenia Pervak
Petra Martić
Finals
Singles
Sybille Bammer defeated Francesca Schiavone, 7–64, 6–2
It was Bammers first title of the year, and the second of her career.
Doubles
Alona Bondarenko / Kateryna Bondarenko defeated Iveta Benešová / Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová, 6–1, 6–2
External links
Official website
ECM Prague Open
2009
2009 in Czech tennis |
23573257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Wall%20%28disambiguation%29 | John Wall (disambiguation) | John Wall (born 1990) is an American professional basketball player.
John Wall may also refer to the following people:
Politicians
===American politicians===
John A. Wall (1847–?), Wisconsin state politician
John P. Wall, physician and mayor in Tampa, Florida
John Wall (North Dakota politician) (1943–2014), North Dakota educator and politician
Other politicians
John Wall (MP) (died 1435), English Mayor and MP of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
John Wall (Canadian politician) (1938–2010), Canadian educator and politician
Other people
John Wall (priest and antiquarian) (1588–1666), English priest and antiquarian
John Wall (electronic composer) (born 1950), English electroacoustic composer and improviser
John Wall (inventor) (1932–2018), amateur telescope maker, inventor of Crayford focuser
John Wall (judge) (1930–2008), British solicitor who was the first blind judge to be appointed to the High Court of Justice
John Wall (physician) (1708–1776), English physician
John Wall (priest and martyr) (1620–1679), Catholic martyr and saint
John F. Wall (born 1931), U.S. Army general
John Wall (philosopher) (born 1965) American educator and theoretical ethicist
John Wall, Baron Wall, British businessman and peer
See also
Jack Wall (disambiguation)
John Wall Callcott (1766–1821), composer
John Wall Dance, a dance step |
23573283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%27s%20Ale%20House | Miller's Ale House | Miller's Ale House is a Florida-based American restaurant and sports bar chain which serves steaks, chicken, burgers, salads, seafood, and similar items. Though most of their locations are in Florida, there are a number of restaurants now open in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, and Tennessee.
Locations are generally named after the town or neighborhood in which the store is located; for example, Miller's Ale House - Davie in Davie, Florida, or Miller's Ale House - Levittown in Levittown, New York. The use of the name "Miller's" in the name is recent; in the past each restaurant was named for its location. For instance, the signage for the location in Gainesville, Florida, was Gainesville Ale House, the location in Ocala, Florida, was called Ocala Ale House and the multiple locations around Orlando, Florida, were all called Orlando Ale House. There are 55 locations in Florida, eight in Pennsylvania, seven in Illinois, six in New York, four in New Jersey, three in Tennessee and Maryland, two each in Georgia, and Ohio, and one each in Delaware, and Virginia.
History
The first Ale House opened in 1988 in Jupiter, Florida.
In 2003, Nation's Restaurant News reported on Miller's Ale House's rapid expansion in the early 2000s, as well as on the chain's "high-grossing" revenues. According to the publication, average units of the restaurant grossed $4.1 million annually, and the chain's overall revenue for 2002 exceeded $125 million.
References
External links
Restaurants in Florida
Restaurants established in 1988 |
23573296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H10 | C10H10 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C10H10}}
C10H10 may refer to:
Compounds sharing the molecular formula:
Basketene
Bullvalene
Cyclodecapentaene
Dialin
Divinylbenzene
Diisopropenyldiacetylene
Pentaprismane ([5]Prismane)
Triquinacene |
20465259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Ellicott | Charles Ellicott | Charles John Ellicott (1819–1905) was a distinguished English Christian theologian, academic and churchman. He briefly served as Dean of Exeter, then Bishop of the united see of Gloucester and Bristol.
Early life and family
Ellicott was born in Whitwell, Rutland on 25 April 1819. He was educated at Stamford School and St John's College, Cambridge.
He married Constantia Ann Becher at St Marylebone Parish Church, London on 31 July 1848. One of their children was the composer Rosalind Ellicott.
Ecclesiastical career
Following his ordination into the Anglican ministry in 1848, he was Vicar of Pilton, Rutland and then Professor of Divinity at King's College London and Hulsean Professor of Divinity at Cambridge. The chancel of St Nicholas' Church, Pilton was rebuilt in 1852 in 13th-century style.
In 1861, he was appointed Dean of Exeter. Two years later he was nominated the bishop of the See of Gloucester and Bristol on 6 February and consecrated on 25 March 1863. In 1897, Bristol was removed from Diocese, but he continued as Bishop of Gloucester until resigning on 27 February 1905. He died in Kent on 15 October 1905, aged 86.
Works
Historical Lectures on the Life of Our Lord Jesus Christ: Being the Hulsean Lectures for the Year 1859. With Notes, Critical, Historical, and Explanatory, 1862
Destiny of the Creature, 1865
Historical Lectures on the Life of Christ, 1870
Modern Unbelief, its Principles and Characteristics, 1877
Spiritual Needs in Country Parishes, 1888
Sacred Study
An Old Testament Commentary for English Readers, 1897 (Editor)
A New Testament Commentary for English Readers, 1878
St Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians: With a Critical and Grammatical Commentary, 1887
Our Reformed Church and its Present Troubles, 1897
Some Present Dangers for the Church of England
Addresses on the Revised Version of Holy Scripture, 1901
Christus comprobator ; or, The testimony of Christ to the Old Testament : seven address
Considerations on the revision of the English version of the New Testament
Notes
Bibliography
External links
1819 births
People educated at Stamford School
People from Rutland
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Academics of King's College London
Hulsean Professors of Divinity
Deans of Exeter
Bishops of Gloucester and Bristol
Bishops of Gloucester
1905 deaths
20th-century Church of England bishops
19th-century Church of England bishops
19th-century Anglican theologians
20th-century Anglican theologians |
23573307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Barbe%20Holland | St Barbe Holland | Herbert St Barbe Holland (15 October 1882 - 9 June 1966) was an Anglican bishop in the 20th century.
Holland was born in 1882, the youngest of three sons of Canon William Lyall Holland of Cornhill-on-Tweed. He was educated at Durham School and University College, Oxford and ordained in 1908.
Following a curacy at Jesmond Parish Church he became Vicar of St Luke's, Newcastle upon Tyne. From 1917 until 1924 he was Secretary of the Church Missionary Society and then Sub-Dean of Coventry. Finally (before his ordination to the episcopate) he was rector of Hampton Lucy, Warwickshire and, from 1929, the Archdeacon of Warwick. In 1936 he became Bishop of Wellington, NZ. A decade later he returned to England as Dean of Norwich. A friend of Clement Attlee, he died in 1966, aged 83 and later had a street in Norwich named in his honour.
His son was the Rt Revd John Holland, Bishop of Polynesia.
Notes
The New Bishop of Wellington - Archdeacon Holland
1882 births
People educated at Durham School
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Archdeacons of Warwick
20th-century Anglican bishops in New Zealand
Anglican bishops of Wellington
Deans of Norwich
1966 deaths
Place of death missing
British expatriates in New Zealand |
20465270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuylerville%20Bridge | Schuylerville Bridge | Schuyler Bridge, is a bridge that carries New York State Route 29 across the Hudson River east of U.S. Route 4 and NY 32
from Schuylerville in Saratoga County into Easton in Washington County. It was named for Philip Schuyler, a general in the American Revolution. Besides the bridge, NY 29 is also named the General Philip Schuyler Memorial Highway, west of Schuylerville.
See also
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River
References
Bridges over the Hudson River
Road bridges in New York (state)
Bridges in Saratoga County, New York
Bridges in Washington County, New York |
20465299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Wright%20%28disambiguation%29 | Lawrence Wright (disambiguation) | Lawrence Wright is an author.
Lawrence Wright may also refer to:
Lawrence Wright (American football) (born 1973), former American football player in the National Football League
Lawrence Wright (composer) (1888–1964), British popular music composer and publisher
Lawrence Wright (cricketer) (born 1940), English cricketer
Lawrence Wright (Royal Navy officer) (died 1713), naval commodore
Lawrence A. Wright (1927–2000), judge of the United States Tax Court
See also
Larry Wright (disambiguation) |
20465302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Five%20Cities%20of%20June | The Five Cities of June | The Five Cities of June is a 1963 American short documentary film directed by Bruce Herschensohn. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
This United States Information Agency-sponsored film details the events of June 1963 in five different cities. In the Vatican, the election and coronation of Pope Paul VI; in the Soviet Union, the launch of a Soviet rocket as part of the Space Race with the United States; in South Vietnam, fighting between Communists and South Vietnamese soldiers; in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, the racial integration of the University of Alabama opposed by Governor George Wallace; and in Berlin, President John F. Kennedy's visit to Germany and Rudolph Wilde Platz.
See also
Charlton Heston filmography
References
External links
, posted by the National Archives and Records Administration
watch The Five Cities of June at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
1963 films
1963 documentary films
1963 short films
1960s short documentary films
American short documentary films
American black-and-white films
Documentary films about cities
Documentary films about Berlin
United States Information Agency films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films |
23573325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Bleckwenn | William Bleckwenn | William Jefferson Bleckwenn (July 23, 1895 – January 6, 1965) was an American neurologist, psychiatrist, and military physician, who was instrumental in developing the treatment known as "narcoanalysis" or "narcosynthesis", also known by the lay term "truth serum".
Early years and education
Bleckwenn was born in Astoria, Queens, New York City, in 1895. He received his elementary and secondary education there in public city schools, graduating from high school at the top of his class. He then enrolled at the University of Wisconsin in 1913, earning a B.S.- Med. degree in 1917 as part of an accelerated medical course of study. As an undergraduate, Bleckwenn was an accomplished athlete in track & field, especially in the hammer throw. Bleckwenn enrolled at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He received his M.D. from that institution in 1920. Bleckwenn then pursued residency training at Bellevue Hospital in New York and at the Wisconsin Psychiatric Institute (WPI) in Madison. At WPI, he came under the tutelage of William Lorenz and Hans Reese.
Career in neurology and psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin
Upon completion of his training, Bleckwenn was asked to join Lorenz and Reese on the staff of WPI, which had by then become part of the UW Department of Neuropsychiatry. He quickly acquired skill as an administrator and researcher, becoming assistant director of the institute in the late 1920s. Around that time, Bleckwenn also began investigational studies on the use of barbiturates to treat catatonic mutism, a particularly disabling form of schizophrenia. He and Lorenz found that intravenous sodium amytal (amobarbital) was effective in producing a "lucid interval," wherein catatonic patients could converse normally, respond to questions appropriately, move about nimbly, and provide information about their thought processes and backgrounds that would otherwise have been impossible to obtain. The latter benefit of the treatment was given the names "narcoanalysis" or "narcosynthesis." In a short time, the amytal-induced "lucid interval" became a proof-positive test for the diagnosis of catatonia.
Bleckwenn published his findings on this topic in 1930, in landmark papers in the Wisconsin Medical Journal; the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, In the JAMA paper, he stated that "the catatonic patient has shown some extremely interesting and striking responses [to intravenous amytal]. Periods of from four to fourteen hours of a normal lucid interval have been a constant result of the treatment." Bleckwenn was forward-thinking regarding the documentation of these effects, making motion pictures of the process. Of those, Fink says "His silent films show the patients as mute, posturing, rigid, with heads raised fixedly from the pillow, and then responding dramatically to multigram doses of amobarbital. The films were convincing, and amobarbital was quickly and widely used to obtain clinical histories and to allow feeding and self-care." Psychiatrists across the world became enthused by sodium amytal therapy. In his text entitled "A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry," Shorter states that "Some observers view Bleckwenn's procedure as the real beginning of psychopharmacology."
As an extension of his work on barbiturate therapy, Bleckwenn and Mabel Masten also studied the reversal of overdosage by amobarbital in the mid-1930s. They found that dilute intravenous solutions of picrotoxin (cocculin)-- a neurostimulatory plant product—were effective as an antidote in that setting. However, over time, the narrow therapeutic window associated with picrotoxin administration—which can also induce seizures—resulted in its disuse.
Military service in World War II
Bleckwenn had enlisted in the Wisconsin Army National Guard as a medical student, and had remained in the Reserve Medical Corps after completing his medical degree. He took part in the U.S. Army training maneuvers in 1940 and 1941 in central Louisiana (the "Louisiana Maneuvers") under the command of Lt. Gen. Stanley Embrick, which were undertaken because of the imminence of U.S. involvement in World War II. In 1941, Bleckwenn was called to active duty and attached to the 135th medical regiment. That unit operated as part of the U.S. Sixth Army and was tasked with management of frontline casualties. After the United States entered the war, the 135th shipped out to the Pacific Theater of Operations in March 1942. Bleckwenn was its commanding officer, with the rank of colonel (O6). The 135th saw action in New Guinea, Tarawa, Kwajalein, the Philippines, and Saipan. In addition to his administrative command duties, Bleckwenn functioned as a treating neurologist and psychiatrist; he also participated in establishing the "consultant system" of military psychiatric care, under the overall direction of Brig. Gen. William Menninger.
For his contributions during the war, Bleckwenn was awarded the Legion of Merit (with Oak Leaf Cluster) (see figure at right).
His governmental citation reads:
"Colonel William J. Bleckwenn rendered distinguished service as Consultant in Neuropsychiatry, Sixth Service Command, from July 1944 to November 1945. With a background of rich experience in the actual handling of nervous and mental casualties in the combat area, he displayed unusual foresight and understanding in organizing the program of treatment for mentally-disabled returnees." Bleckwenn also held the World War II Victory Medal and the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal.
Later career
Bleckwenn returned to UW in early 1946 to resume his practice and his teaching duties as Professor of Neuropsychiatry. He continued research on narcoanalysis and the use of targeted neurosurgical procedures in the management of chronic pain. As other psychiatric treatments—such as insulin shock, electroconvulsive therapy, and early psychotropic agents—entered clinical practice in psychiatry, Bleckwenn also took an active role in their use and evaluation.
Illness, death, and family
Despite an athletic build and hearty manner, Bleckwenn developed severe coronary artery disease in the early 1950s. In the hope that a change of venue would improve his health, he moved to Winter Haven, Florida, in 1954. However, he was never well enough to actively practice neurology or psychiatry again, forcing a medical retirement. He died of an aortic aneurysm on January 6, 1965. He was preparing to have surgery on the aneurysm by his friend, famed heart surgeon, Michael Debakey. His passing was mentioned in the Milestones section of Time Magazine and on national CBS radio. Bleckwenn is buried at Forest Hill Cemetery in Madison, Wisconsin, with his wife Marion (née Dougan, 1896–1982) and son William Jr. (1923–1947). The Bleckwenns also had two other children, Jane and A. Theodore (Ted).
References
1895 births
1965 deaths
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
American neurologists
American psychiatrists
American military doctors
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
People from Astoria, Queens
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health alumni
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
Physicians from Wisconsin
Scientists from New York (state) |
23573331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C18H30 | C18H30 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C18H30}}
The molecular formula C18H30 (molar mass: 246.44 g/mol, exact mass: 246.2348 u) may refer to:
Dodecylbenzene
Estrane |
20465346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonis%20Vratsanos | Antonis Vratsanos | Antonis Vratsanos (Aggeloulis) (, 1919 in Larissa – November 25, 2008 in Athens), was a saboteur of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS), the military branch of the National Liberation Front (EAM) during the Axis Occupation of Greece, and of the Democratic Army of Greece during the Greek Civil War.
Born in Larissa in 1919, he fought in the Greco-Italian War as a Reserve 2nd Lieutenant of Engineers. With the onset of the Occupation, he joined the EAM-ELAS, rising to become commander of the Olympus Engineers Battalion, with which he was engaged in numerous sabotage acts against the railway network used by the occupation forces.
During the subsequent civil war of 1946–49, he led a saboteur brigade of the communist Democratic Army of Greece. Following the communists' defeat, he went to exile in Tashkent and Romania.
On February 28, 2007, he was awarded by the President of the Hellenic Republic, Karolos Papoulias, the "Grand Commander of the Order of Honor" for his actions in the Greek Resistance in the years 1941–44.
References
1919 births
2008 deaths
Military personnel from Larissa
Greek communists
Saboteurs
Grand Commanders of the Order of Honour (Greece)
National Liberation Front (Greece) members
Greek military personnel of World War II
Exiles of the Greek Civil War in the Soviet Union
Hellenic Army officers |
20465348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20McCurry | Mike McCurry | Mike McCurry may refer to:
Mike McCurry (press secretary) (born 1954), White House press secretary under President Bill Clinton
Mike McCurry (referee) (born 1964), Scottish football referee |
23573347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Warren | Hans Warren | Johannes Adrianus Menne Warren (20 October 1921, in Borssele – 19 December 2001, in Goes) was a Dutch writer. Much of his fame in the Netherlands derives from having published a collection of diaries in which he described his life and homosexual experiences in a country that deeply repressed homosexuality. He is also known for his poetry, his literary criticism, and his translations of poetry from Modern Greek.
Youth
Warren was born in Zeeland, the only child of an engineer and a school teacher. As a child, he had few friendships among his peers, and when he was a student at the lyceum in Goes developed a great interest in nature. After graduation, he began writing articles for nature magazines, and was especially interested in birds. Jac. P. Thijsse was his model. For a while, he worked as a volunteer at an institute for dialectology. Even before the start of World War II, he began keeping a diary.
Writing career
After the war, Warren began publishing: in 1946, he published Pastorale, a collection of poetry; in 1947, a study on Jac. P. Thijsse; and in 1949 a book on nocturnal birds. In 1951, he began to write reviews and literary criticism for the Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, one of the foremost newspapers in Zeeland. He wrote these columns and reviews until his death.
Marriage years
In 1952 he married an English woman, and they had three children. Soon after their marriage his wife was offered a position in Paris, where Warren's repressed homosexual feelings found an outlet in many contacts with North African boys. Although this created tension in his marriage, it also sparked his poetic career: Warren published three collections of poetry during his years in Paris, and the marriage, in the end, lasted until 1978.
Creative period
In 1958 the family returned to Zeeland, and Warren produced little writing until the end of the 1960s, when the publishing company Bert Bakker published a collection of new poems by Warren, Tussen hybris en vergaan. In 1969 Warren met Gerrit Komrij and the two poets began a long and mutually inspiring friendship. During the next ten years, Warren published a new book of poetry every year.
In 1978 Warren met Mario Molegraaf, forty years his junior (Warren was 57 at that time). The two began a tumultuous love affair that lasted until Warren's death. Molegraaf was a talented writer himself, and together they published a number of translations: the entire work of Constantine P. Cavafy, several poems by George Seferis, works by Plato and Epicurus, and the four gospels.
Secret Diary and other publications
The publication of his series of diaries caused some concern among Warren's friends and colleagues: as the title implies, the diaries are quite frank. Warren openly describes his own life and experiences, and offers his opinions on everyone, including his friends. The twentieth volume covered the years 1996 to 1998, with one more volume to be published.
From 1985 until 2002, Meulenhoff published a Warren calendar with a poem each day. Together with Molegraaf, Warren published several popular poetry anthologies.
Death and afterlife
Warren died at age 80 of liver problems; even his final year is described in his diary (which he kept until three days before his death) and in that of Molegraaf (published in 2002). In 2004, two novels he wrote in 1950 (Een vriend voor de schemering and Om het behoud der eenzaamheid) were rediscovered; Een vriend voor de schemering was published in 2005. A movie based on his novel Steen der hulp is in production.
Awards
1958 – Lucy B. en C.W. van der Hoogtprijs for Saïd
1970 – Pierre Bayle-prijs for his literary criticism
1971 – Zeeuwse prijs voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen for his entire oeuvre
1981 – Culture award from the city Goes for Geheim dagboek and his weekly literary reviews in the Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant
Bibliography
Poetry
1946 – Pastorale
1951 – Eiland in de stroom
1954 – Leeuw lente
1954 – Vijf in je oog
1957 – Saïd
1966 – Een roos van Jericho
1969 – Tussen hybris en vergaan
1970 – Kritieken
1972 – Schetsen uit het Hongaarse volksleven
1972 – Verzamelde gedichten 1941–1971
1973 – De Olympos
1974 – Betreffende vogels
1974 – Een liefdeslied
1974 – Herakles op de tweesprong
1975 – 't Zelve anders
1975 – Winter in Pompeï
1976 – Demetrios
1976 – Sperma en tranen
1976 – Zeggen wat nooit iemand zei
1976 – Zeven gedichten van liefde
1978 – De vondst in het wrak
1978 – Een otter in Americain
1978 – Behalve linde, tamarinde en banaan (revised edition of Sperma en tranen)
1978 – Voor Mario
1981 – Verzamelde gedichten 1941–1981
1982 – Dit is werkelijk voor jou geschreven (self-selected anthology)
1986 – Bij Marathon
1986 – Tijd
1987 – Ik ging naar de geheime kamers
1989 – Binnenste buiten
1992 – Nakijken, dromen, derven
1993 – Indigo
1996 – Ik ging naar de Noordnol
2001 – De Oost
2001 – Een stip op de wereldkaart
Prose fiction
1975 – Steen der hulp (tweede druk 1983; trans. in English as Secretly Inside
2004 – Tussen Borssele en Parijs
2005 – Een vriend voor de schemering
Non-fiction
1947 – In memoriam Dr. Jac. P. Thijsse
1949 – Nachtvogels
1981 – Geheim dagboek 1942–
1987 – Het dagboek als kunstvorm
1993 – Geheim dagboek 1939–1940
2001 – Om het behoud der eenzaamheid (selections from Geheim dagboek)
Anthologies
1959 – Mijn hart wou nergens tieren (bloemlezing uit het werk van P.C. Boutens)
1980 – Spiegel van de Nederlandse poëzie (revised edition 1984)
References
External links
Hans Warren in the Digital Library, Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren
Website dedicated to Hans Warren
Collection Hans Warren in the Zeeuwse Bibliotheek
Photographs by Hans Warren in Beeldbank Zeeland
1921 births
2001 deaths
Dutch male poets
Dutch gay writers
People from Borsele
20th-century Dutch poets
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century LGBT people |
6899662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Mahamariamman%20Temple%2C%20Penang | Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang | Built in 1833, the Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple in George Town is the oldest Hindu temple in Penang, Malaysia, and features sculptures of gods and goddesses over its main entrance and facade. It is located at Queen Street, George Town.
It is also known as Mariamman Temple or Queen Street Indian Temple. Throughout the years, the Sri Mahamariamman temple has also been known by several names: Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple, Sri Arulmigu Mahamariamman Temple, Sri Mariamman Temple. All these names refer to the same temple. The temple is open daily from 6.30 am - 12.00 noon and 4.30 pm - 9.00 pm. It became a place of worship as early as 1801 and became a temple in 1833. It has stood at the same place for more than 200 years.
Temple site
The temple is in central Georgetown on Lebuh Queen (Queen Street) and the back entrance is on Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling (Pitt Street), in between Lebuh Pasar and Lebuh Chulia. Located in Penang's Little India, in the capital city of Georgetown, the Sri Maha Mariamman temple reflects the city's rich cultural heritage.
Visitation to this temple is limited to morning and evening. Temple opens starts from morning 6 am till 12 pm and evening from 5 pm till 9 pm. The temples closes after the prayers are performed at 12 pm and 9 pm respectively. Daily there will be Pujas (prayers), mornings 7.30 am and evening 6.30 pm. Prayers are usually conducted by the temple priests in these times and visitors may observe these prayer sessions taking place. If you wish to enter the Sri Mahamariamman temple, it would be polite to ask permission from any of the priests and please remember to remove your shoes before entering the temple grounds.
Daily Poojas
Darshan (meaning open to the public) hours are from 6 am to 9 pm. Temple is closed from 12:15 pm and reopened at 4:30 pm and closed at 9:15 pm.
The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Abishegam or Thirumanjanam is anointment of the idol with oils, sandalwood paste, milk, unguents and the like and then bathing it with water in an act of ritual purification. The most prominent abishegams are conducted at the ceremonies to mark the hours of the day. These are four in number - the Kaala Santhi, early in the morning, the Ucchikālam, in the afternoon, the Sāyaratchai, in the evening and the Ardha Jāmam, at night, immediately prior to the temple being closed for the day.
Each ritual comprises four steps: abishegam (sacred bath), alangaram (decoration), naivethanam (food offering) and deepa aradanai (waving of lamps) all the deities. After the abishegam, it is the practice to dress the idols of the deities, in an act called alangaram, in one of several guises. The worship is held with religious instructions in the Vedas (Sanskrit sacred texts) and Thirumurai (Tamil sacred texts) read by priests. These hours are marked by the tolling of the bell of the temple amidst music with nadaswaram (pipe instrument) and thavil (percussion instrument).
Devotees are able to perform archanai by the priest thereafter.
Abishegam (6 am)
Kaala Santhi (7.30 am)
Abishegam (11.45 am)
Utchikkalam Pooja (12 pm)
Abishegam (5.30 am)
Sāyaratchai (6.30 pm)
Abishegam (8.45 am)
Ardha Jāmam (9 pm)
Please note that on festivals and special occasions, Abishegam and Poojas start earlier than the scheduled time
History
The tropical island of Penang lies in the Indian Ocean, just off the north-west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Penang's rapid growth as a trading hub in the early 19th century, especially in commodities such as nutmegs, cloves, and pepper, attracted traders from Europe, America, Arabia, India as well as China. Each then established communities and adopted lifestyles similar to their homeland. It was during that time that the Tamil Indians arrived in the island's bustling harbour, and established their own ‘Little India’ community in the city. The early Indian settlers, who came to this island to toil and trade, established an abode for mother, so that her presence could be felt as their guardian deity and guide in their times of trials and tribulations.
Dating back as early as 1801, the Sri Mahamariamman Temple is recognised as an elaborate and spiritual place of worship. Like most Indian temples in Penang, the Penang Sri Mahamariamman began as a small and simple shrine. Not much is known about the early days of the temple or of the persons who founded it. The land was granted in 1801 by the British to Betty Lingam Chetty, who was then the Kapitan (Headman, Kepala or Community Leader) of the Tamils and South Indians. This is confirmed by another grant written in 1831. But, as to how the temple came to be built on this land or who founded it, there is no information.
Caption James Low confirms the existence of a temple in Georgetown in 1835. That the Mariamman temple was founded in 1833 is first mentioned in a notice of 'Kumbabishegam' (consecration ceremony) held one hundred years later in 1933. But except for the date, not much else has been said about its founding in that document.
Built originally as a shrine, it was later that the Indian community found a need for a proper temple ground for worshipping, to accommodate the ever-increasing Indian community presence on the island. This was done to ensure that the Indian community, which includes the merchants, labourers and sepoys, are settled in one particular area, for ease of managing the group. The majority of the people who lived around the temple were waterfront workers who were the backbone of the Penang port. These Indian stevedores were organised in groups called kootam – a member of a kootam is a kootakadai, and heading each kootam is a thandal. Together, the Indian community numbered about 2000 workers and they inhabited the area bounded by Lebuh Queen, Lebuh King, Lebuh Penang, Lebuh Pasar and Lebuh Gereja, an area collectively known as Ellammuchanthi in Tamil, or Simpang Lelong in Malay.
The Sri Mahamariamman shrine was enlarged into a temple in 1833. Since this was when it became a proper temple, 1833 is taken as the year that it was founded. At the time of its founding, it was known as the Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple. It was only in 1980 that it became known by its present name, Sri Arulmigu Mahamariamman Temple, although the name is often written as Sri Mariamman Temple, Mahamariamman Temple and so on.
From its inception, the temple provided an important place of worship for early Indian immigrants and is now an important cultural and national heritage. In those days, it was done to ensure the Indian community, which includes the early working settlers like merchants and labourers are settled in one area to ease managing them. By 1833, the shrine through the efforts of the Indian settlers, turned to a temple and was renovated to its present form a hundred years later.
According to a document of civil suit brought before the courts in 1904, the names of five trustees who looked after the temple from 1892 till 1904 are Veerasamy, Murugan Chettiyar, Govindasamy Pillai, Veleritta Taver and Meyappah. The temple came under The Mohamedan and Hindu Endowments Board in 1906. From then onwards the temple has been administrated by the management committee appointed by the Endowment Board. It appears that from the beginning of the Endowments Board's administration, a few temples and other institutions have been clustered and left under the care of this management committee: Arulmigu Sri Balathandayuthapani Temple in Waterfall (Hilltop), the Arulmigu Sri Ganesha Temple in Waterfall, the Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple in Queen Street, Hindu Cemetery and Cremation Ground in Batu Lanchang and a Hindu Funeral Rites Ground in Jalan Air Itam. From 1967 onwards, the board is known as the Hindu Endowments Board, which is currently managing this temple.
Hindu Mahajana Sangam
The Hindu Mahajana Sangam () which was formed in 1935, has had close association with this temple and other temples under the care of the same management. Before 1935, it was known as Kootakkadai (). Many members have served in both institutions. They have also been associated with the temple's formation, renovation and maintenance. The festivals conducted by the Hindu Mahajana Sangam such as Chitraparuvam, Vijayadhsami and Aatakavadi during Thaipoosam is associated with this temple.
First Kumbabishegam (1933)
It was in 1933 that the temple acquired the present form and structure. In that year the temple was extensively renovated. According to the notice of the consecration ceremony, the foundation stone for the new structure was laid by Mr. V. Natesam Pillay, JP. The Sri Muthu Mariamman temple having become too small and too decayed, the Hindu gentlemen of Penang, with their initiative and perseverance, have bought up two buildings to the north of the temple, expanded the presence space and formed a temple in accordance with the Siva agamas a sanctum, Arthamandapam (antechamber), Mahamandapam (hall), prakaram (circumambient), vimanam (dome), surrounding walls and Rajagopuram (entrance tower). These renovations were carried out by a management committee consisting of S. Ekamparam Pillai, C. Subbaraya Pillay, S. P. Natesam Pillay, P. Kalimuthu Vandayar, K. V. Karuppiah Thandal and M. R. Raju.
The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 12 June 1933.
Second Kumbabishegam (1958)
It is also known that further repairs were done in 1958 and a consecration ceremony, albeit on a small scale was carried out under the leadership of Mr. Doraisamy Thevar JP PJK who was the chairman of the temple management committee.
Third Kumbabishegam (1980)
Since 1958, no repairs or renovations were done to the temple. This caused some serious decay to the structures and sculptures. From 1978 till 1980, extensive renovation was done. A sculptor from the Academy of Sculptors in Mahapalipuram, Chennai and two assistant sculptors were brought from India to restore the structure. Although the basic form of the 1933 structure had been retained, many new areas have been added. A new hall 31 feet × 27 feet, suitable for small religious functions, has been added and over this, another story has been added for administrative offices.
While most of the sculptures have been preserved, some new ones have also been added, the statues of the nine forms of Sakthi now surround the outer walls of the sanctum. The inner walls of the sanctum, antechamber and the flooring of the whole temple have been changed. The entire temple has been repainted. The smaller shrines of Visvanathar, Visalatchi, Chandikeswarar and Bairavar have domes of their own which have been gold plated. Within the sanctum, a new statue of Mahamariamman, towering over the main deity, has been formed. At the feet of the main deity, a Sri Chakram has also been erected. A Vishnu Dhurga idol was newly installed.
The temple's name which was known as Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple till then was changed to Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple.
The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 14 December 1980.
Fourth Kumbabishegam (1998)
The present renovation was begun in mid-1997. While basically preserving the existing temple structure, some minor modifications were made such as replacing of tiles in the sanctum and the whole temple flooring, replacing the peedam in the sanctum, replacing the Komugi, a new Ganesha, Visveswarar, Rahu and Kethu icons, new Navagraha peedam, new flag post with concrete base, statues of Bala Ganesha and Bala Murugan, Ashta Lakshmi 8 statues and two lion statues on the left and right of the temple main entrance. The Bairavar shrine is moved to the north-east corner, facing south.
The consecration ceremony was held on Thursday, 3 September 1998.
Fifth Kumbabishegam (2016)
The present renovation was begun in end of 2013. The ceremony took place from 14th till 15 November 2013, involved the removing of the deities from the main shrines to a temporary site (balaalayam) within the temple and was the beginning of the many rituals to prepare for the consecration ceremony. The process was divided into five stages. After procuring connection of all necessary services to the site, the first stage of the project, breaking the wall and floor tiles commenced. This was followed by the reinforced concrete work to the foundations, slabs, columns and so forth. Construction activities continued with the erection of roof steel frames. Electrical and plumbing conduits. A team of artisans arrived from India and commenced work on the shrines. Another batch of additional artisans arrived from India to accelerate the pace of construction in order to meet the consecration ceremony deadline.
While basically preserving the existing temple structure, the inner walls of the sanctum, antechamber and the flooring of the whole temple have been changed. The entire temple has been repainted. New icons replacing the older ones are Thatchinamoorthy, Visalatchi, Chandikeswarar, Bairavar and Navagraham are installed. Nandhi and bali peedam icons installed facing east towards Visveswarar shrine are added. A gold plated new flag post with granite concrete base is added along with Kodimara Pillayar icon facing east are installed. Statues of Ganesha and Murugan statues on the left and right of the outer wall of temple main entrance. The wooden framework on the century-old ceiling known as ‘Raasi Kattam’ (the 12 zodiac signs planets carved on the wood) is also restored. The Bairavar shrine is moved back to its original location on the left-hand side of the main entrance, facing west.
The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 10 July 2016.
Architecture
Built in the south Indian Dravidian style, the temple most outstanding feature is the impressive gopuram (tower). Rising above the entrance, it features Hindu deities, soldiers and floral decorations.
On the entrance of Penang Sri Mariamman Temple, you get to see a 23.5 feet tall sculptured tower or Gopuram. Also, the 38 statues of Gods and Goddesses and 4 swans featuring the Hindu Goddess Mahamariamman in Her many incarnations such as Meenatchi, Kamatchi, Visalatchi, Bhuvaneswari surrounds the colourful four-tiered crown. It is topped with five small kalasams.
With subsequent renovations carried out over the years by Hindus artisans and sculptors from India and locals, from makeshift huts to heavily ornate and brightly shining with diamonds and precious stones, Penang Sri Mahariamman Temple is a sight to behold.
The interiors of the temples are heavily sculptured with deities of Lord Ganesha is in the left pillar and Lord Muruga, his brother, is on the right pillar. The eight female figures adorning the pillars inside the temple are of Ashta Lakshmi (Goddess of Wealth). On the left wall there are sculptures of the Nadaraja and Sivakami in dancing posture of the cosmic dance. Nine statues of goddesses (9 types of Sakthi) can be seen on the walls surrounding the inner shrine of Penang Sri Mahamariamman Temple.
The primary deity Goddess Mahamariamman is seated at the moolastanam (sanctum) of the karuvarai (sanctum sanctorum). The temple has an artha mandapam (antechamber), mukha mandapam, mahamandapam (hall), prakaram (circumambient), vasantha mandapam (festive hall) and kodi maram (flag post). The signs of the zodiac are carved in wood on the ceiling.
The dome or vimanam of the temple is on a base 12.5 feet square and has a height of 27.25 feet. This is in three sections and contains 20 statues of gods and goddesses and 12 lions. Its kalasam is 3.5 feet and is gold plated.
The back entrance tower is 10.5 feet high and contains 13 statues of gods and goddesses and 4 lions and a swan with partially human form.
Once every 12 years, in keeping with Hindu tradition, the temple is reconsecrated. Previous consecrations are in 1933, 1958, 1980, 1998 and 2016.
The Deity
Mariamman is popularly worshipped by overseas Indians, especially Tamils because she is looked upon as their protector. She is the Goddess of disease, rain and protection and is associated with enormous powers in the physical realm, particularly destructive, and protects her devotees from unholy or demonic events.
Historians claimed that the worship of Mariamman or Korravai/Kotravai started as a tribal religion of the Dravidians. Mariamman is a manifestation of the goddess - Parvati, an incarnation embodying Mother Earth with all her terrifying force.
In the Hindu pantheon, however, the original mother form of the Maha Sakthi is the Primal Source of All Energy - from where everything - all matter and energy comes. The Sakthi is credited with the creation of Brahma, Vishnu and Siva, the three main gods of creation, sustenance and destruction.
The word Mariamman comes from two words: Mari meaning power and amman meaning mother. Maha stands for great. So this Mahamariamman temple tells you, it houses the great powerful mother. And some Indians considers Sri Mariamman to be the mother of Lord Ganesha and Lord Muruga. So to many locals, when asks which temple they are going, some simply said "Amman Temple".
Mahamariamman, the primary deity is seated at the moolastanam (sanctum) of the karuvarai (sanctum sanctorum) facing east. Ganesha and Subramaniyaswami are installed at the artha mandapam (antechamber) facing east. There is a surrounding circumambulatory path. At the mukha mandapam we may find the vahana (mythical mount/vehicle) of the Goddess which is lion, the bali peedam (sacrificial altar) and the kodi maram (flag post) is also found facing west towards Mahamariamman. Stone carvings of the cosmic dance of Lord Nadaraja and His consort Goddess Sivakami are found at the wall facing south at the vasantha mandapam (festive hall).
Shrines for sub deities facing east are Lord Visveswarar and Goddess Visalatchi are installed at the left and right side of the sanctum sanctorum respectively. The shrine of Lord Chandikeswarar is facing south towards the sanctum sanctorum. The shrine of Lord Bairavar is found at the northeast corner facing west. Lord Thatchinamoorthy facing south and Vishnu Dhurga facing north are installed at the outer wall of the sanctum sanctorum. The Navagraham (nine planets) are found at the northeast corner of the temple.
Housed within its ornately decorated interior is the priceless panchaloha (an alloy of five metals: gold, silver, copper, zinc and tin) statue of Lord Ganesha, Lord Subramaniyaswami and Mahamariamman embellished with gold, silver, diamonds and emeralds.
The priceless Goddess Mahamariamman's statue is paraded on a wooden chariot during the Vijayadashami day on the end of the Navarathiri festival.
The priceless Lord Subramaniaswamy's statue figures prominently in the annual Chithra Pournami festival when it is borne on a wooden chariot through the city streets to the Arulmigu Sri Balathandayuthapani Hilltop temple in Waterfall, Penang.
Festivals
The temple is particularly packed on Navarathiri, Chithra Pournami, Deepavali and Thaipusam with thousands of devotees eager to offer their prayers on the holy days.
In the year 2008, there was a big celebration commemorating the temple's 175th anniversary.
Navarathiri
The most auspicious event for the temple is the Navarathiri festival. The festival begins with the lion flag-raising ceremony and ends with a procession where the Panchaloha () deity of Mahamariamman is paraded in a decorated wooden chariot through the streets of Little India. Navarathiri is nine nights vegetarian festival. According to the Hindu Puranas, the festival is held to commemorate the victory of Goddess Adi Parashakti over the demon king Mahishasuran. It was stated that the evil king ill-treated the people that they turned to the goddess, who is the consort of Lord Shiva, to save them. Goddess Adi Parasakthi fought a battle for nine days and ultimately destroyed him on the 10th day, which is known as Vijayadashami.
Various Indian organisations and communities would sponsor the prayers for each nights. On the Final tenth day of the celebration, Vijayadashami is celebrated by Hindu Mahajana Sangam. The sangam organised the chariot procession for many years from Queen Street, Sri Mahamariamman Temple to Dhoby Ghaut. The festival celebration is concluded after shooting of arrows from the chariot in the evening in the Dhoby Ghaut. The chariot returns to the temple at about midnight the same day. Since the late 1970s, the organisation of the chariot procession had been taken over from the sangam by the Temple committee and the Hindu Endowments Board. The chariot procession is now confined to Fort Cornwallis area, nearby the Kedah Pier Muneeswarar Temple in the Esplanade. However, the sangam still continues to celebrate the annual Navarathiri festival's final tenth day Vijayadashami Ubayam every year without fail.
Chithra Pournami (Chitraparuvam)
The Hindu Mahajana Sangam, with notable among the festivals, the annual Chitraparuvam Festival which is celebrated in the Tamil month of Chithirai (April/May) every year, is organised with a chariot procession of the panchaloha deity of Lord Subramaniyaswami from Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman Temple. It is the day of the first full moon of the first Tamil month. In early years, the festival starts with special pooja and ubayam for the Hindu Mahajana Sangam “Koota Kadai” in Queen Street Mahamariamman Temple, the chariot procession commences in the early morning 7.00 am and reached Waterfall Dewan Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhiji Ashram) in the afternoon, the deity then carried and placed in the ashram until the return journey of the chariot to Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple in the evening of the same day.
Since the early 1970s this festival is celebrated for three days. The deity of Lord Subramaiyaswami is brought in procession from the Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple passing through many street and roads before reaching the Waterfall Arulmigu Sri Ganesha temple. The deity is carried up to the Hilltop Arulmigu Sri Balathadayuthapani Temple. On the second day is the Chitraparuvam Festival where the deity is taken in procession around the hilltop temple compound in the evening. On the third day evening, the deity is carried down and placed on the chariot procession journey back to the Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple. In 1992, the Hindu Mahajana Sangam imported a new chariot from India, for the annual Chitraparuvam Festival celebration to replace the old chariot which was found to be not road worthy and in a decaying condition.
On the first day, the chariot passes through Queen Street, Chulia Street, Chulia Street Ghaut, Victoria Street, Prangin Road Ghaut, C. Y. Choy Road, Magazine Road, Dato Keramat Road, Western Road and Waterfall Road before reaching the Ganesar Temple. The chariot stops at Kamatchi Amman Temple, Sivan Temple and Muneeswarar Temple along the way. Then the Lord Subramaniyaswami is carried up to the Sri Balathandayuthapani Temple at the hilltop.
On the return journey, the Lord Subramaniyaswami is carried down and the chariot passes through Waterfall Road, Gottlieb Road, Tunku Abdul Rahman Road, Macalister Road, Anson Road, Burma Road, Transfer Road, Sri Bahari Road, Penang Road, Kimberley Street, Carnarvon Street, Chulia Street, Pitt Street, Church Street, Queen Street, China Street, King Street, Light Street, Penang Street, Chulia Street, King Street, China Street, Beach Street, Market Street and Queen Street before reaching the Sri Mahamariamman Temple. The chariot stops at Balathandayuthapani Temple, Meenatchi Sundaraeswarar Temple, ISKCON Centre, Muneeswarar Temple and Kunj Bihari Temple along the way.
Thaipusam
Celebrated on the Tamil month of Thai (January/February). Although it is celebrated in the Waterfall Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang, Sri Mahamriamman temple is not left behind as there are religious activities associated with this festival.
Atta Kavadi
The Hindu Mahajana Sangam members carry a traditional kavadi weighing approximately 80 kilos known as Atta Kavadi since 1927 from Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple in the evening to Dewan Mahatma Gandhi in the Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang compound with traditional Nadhaswaram accompanying the Atta Kavadi. A late-night dinner is served in the Dewan Mahatma Gandhi after the arrival of the Atta Kavadi. In the early years, the arrival of the Atta Kavadi signified the conclusion of the annual Thaipusam festival celebration for the day and devotees are not expected to carry any kavadi after the Atta Kavadi reaches the Waterfall temple compound.
Kuthirai Vahanam
The Penang Nattukottai Chettiar community hold prayers in this temple prior to the Thaipusam festival. This function is called the Kuthirai Vahanam (Horse Car) held on in the Tamil month of Markazhi (December/January). The prayers would start 10 days earlier where there would be ubayams on these days. On the tenth day, the decorated panchaloha deity of the Mahamariamman which carries a Vel would be placed on the Horse Car. The procession begins from Queen Street at the evening, displaying the Vel passing through various streets and roads and end up at Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple around midnight.
Golden Chariot
A RM3mil golden chariot hit the streets on the eve of Thaipusam on 8 February 2017. The 1.6-tonne golden chariot measuring 4.3m-high and 4m-wide will feature two golden horses in the front with several statues adorning the kalasam (tower). The chariot bearing Lord Muruga's vel (spear) will move on rubberised wheels pulled by devotees. The inner frame of the chariot was made in Karaikudi and shipped to Penang, where it was assembled.
The golden chariot's journey will be from the Arulmigu Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Queen Street to the Arulmigu Sri Ganesha Temple in Jalan Kebun Bunga. The chariot would be placed at the Sri Ganesha Temple for two days, on Thaipusam eve and on Thaipusam day.
An 18-day pooja (special prayers) session will be conducted for The 0.9m-tall golden vel at Queen Street Maha Mariamman Temple. This depicts the story goes that the vel was created by Lord Shiva's consort Parasakthi who is also Lord Murugan's mother. Parasakthi appeared in 18 forms before merging into a single indestructible vel which was handed to Lord Murugan during the Poosa natchathiram on Pournami Day (full moon) in the month of Thai (January to February). After receiving a blessing from the Lord's mother, the vel will be sent back to Lord Murugan on the golden chariot on Thaipusam eve.
The golden chariot successfully completed its first trial run for Thaipusam in on 2 February 2017 about two hours through George Town in the presence of a large throng of devotees seeing it for the first time. The chariot went 3 km along Jalan Kebun Bunga, Lorong Air Terjun, Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Macalister, Jalan Residensi and Jalan Utama before returning to the temple.
Maha Sivarathri
The Maha Shivaratri is dedicated to the Lord Visveswarar where the devotees would observe the prayers, all-day fasting and an all night long vigil. Celebrated every year on the 13th night/14th day in the Krishna Paksha (waning moon) of the Tamil month of Maasi (February/March) that is, the night before and day of the new moon. Abishegam (ceremonial bath) is conducted at 10 pm, 12 midnight, 2 am and 4 am respectively. Pujas would commence at 11 pm, 1 am, 3 am and 5 am respectively. Throughout the night devotes would chant and hymns of the devotional songs.
Pournami
Monthly full moon of every month is observed where prayers are done for Lord Visvanathar. Special abishegam, prayers and puja would be conducted at 12 pm followed by vegetarian lunch that would be served.
Durga Puja
Weekly Rahukaalam puja is conducted on every Tuesdays between 3.30 pm and 4.30 pm for Vishnu Dhurga amman. Abishekam (ceremonial bath) is conducted by the temple priest for the goddess. Devotees which mainly consists of ladies, would sing hymns and chant praise of the goddess. The goddess would be decorated with flowers and mainly with garlands of limes. Lighting lamps made of limes is a major ritual in these prayers.
On these special days, devotees will be vegetarians for the day. Young ladies wanting to marry will come to offer prayers asking from the "mother" for a good husband. Married ladies will pray for a successful marriage.
Pradhosham
Pradhosham is a bimonthly occasion on the thirteenth day of every fortnight in Hindu calendar. The auspicious 3 hour period, 1.5 hours before and after the sunset is one of the optimum time for worship of Lord Shiva. The fast or vow performed during the period is called Pradhosam Nonbu. It is done during the evening twilight or sandhya kala on the Thrayodashi of both lunar fortnights (Shukla and Krishna Paksha). These are the 13th tithi, or lunar days, from the New Moon (Amavasya) and Full Moon (Poornima).
Special abishekam (ritual bathing) for Lord Visveswarar, Lord Visalatchi and Nandi is done and then decorated with Rudraksha, Vibhuti and vilva leaves.
Aadi Puja
The Tamil month of Aadi (July/August) is considered an auspicious one for prayers for Amman. Sangabishegam (conch ceremonial bath) is done in the evenings on every Friday for Mahamariamman and every Tuesday for Vishnu Durga.
Aaadi Pooram is also celebrated. Ladies would carry pots containing turmeric powder diluted with water as an offering for the abishegam of Mahamariamman.
Bhairavar Pooja
On every Thei Pirai Ashtami which is the 8th day of the fading moon (waning moon), special poojas and homam are conducted for Lord Bhairavar. The rituals begin in the evening with the Maha Kala Bhairavar Homam. It is believed that participation in this homam will protect us from evil and black deeds. The homam or the yagna is followed by special abishekam (ritual bathing) for Lord Bhairava. Punuku () or Civetone a kind of natural scent is offered to the deity. You can also find deities offering eleven Ellu Deepam () or Seseme light, considered sacred to Lord Bhairavar. At the end, Bitter gourd Rice and Vadai is given as Prasadham.
See also
Hindu Mahajana Sangam
List of Hindu temples in Malaysia
References
External links
Mariamman temples
Hindu temples in Malaysia
Religious buildings and structures in Penang
Tourist attractions in George Town, Penang |
23573352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20liberalism | Economic liberalism | Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production. Economic liberalism has been generally described as representing the economic expression of 19th-century liberalism until the Great Depression and rise of Keynesianism in the 20th century. An economy that is managed according to these precepts may be described as liberal capitalism or a liberal economy. Economic liberals tend to oppose government intervention and protectionism in the market economy when it inhibits free trade and competition but support government intervention to protect property rights and resolve market failures.
Economic liberalism was born as the theory of economics of liberalism, developed during the Age of Enlightenment, particularly by Adam Smith, which advocates minimal interference by government in the economy. This was initially to promote the idea of private ownership and trade; however, due to a growing awareness of concerns regarding policy, economic liberalism paved the way for a new form of liberalism, known as social liberalism, which allowed for government intervention in order to help the poor. As a consequence, the widespread appeal of Smith's economic theories of free trade, the division of labour, and the principle of individual initiative has helped to obscure the rich body of political liberalism to be found in his work. This promoted the everyday man to hold ownership of his own property and trade, which slowly allowed for individuals to take control of their places within society. Economic liberalism is associated with markets and private ownership of capital assets. Historically, economic liberalism arose in response to feudalism and mercantilism. Today, economic liberalism is contrasted with protectionism because of its support for free trade and an open economy, and is also considered opposed to planned economies and non-capitalist economic orders, such as socialism.
Initially, the economic liberals had to contend with the supporters of feudal privileges for the wealthy, traditions of the aristocracy and the rights of monarchs to run national economies in their own personal interests. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, these were largely defeated. Today, economic liberalism is associated with classical liberalism, neoliberalism, right-libertarianism, and some schools of conservatism like liberal conservatism and fiscal conservatism. They commonly adhere to a political and economic philosophy that advocates a restrained fiscal policy and a balanced budget through measures such as low taxes, reduced government spending, and minimized government debt. Free trade, deregulation, tax cuts, privatization, labour market flexibility, and opposition to trade unions are also common positions. Economic liberalism follows the same philosophical approach as classical liberalism and fiscal conservatism.
Overview
Economic liberalism is a much broader concept than fiscal liberalism, which is called fiscal conservatism or economic libertarianism in the United States. The ideology that highlighted the financial aspect of economic liberalism is called fiscal liberalism, which is defined as support for free trade.
Origins
Arguments in favor of economic liberalism were advanced during the Age of Enlightenment, opposing feudalism and mercantilism. It was first analyzed by Adam Smith in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), which advocated minimal interference of government in a market economy, although it did not necessarily oppose the state's provision of basic public goods. In Smith's view, if everyone is left to his own economic devices instead of being controlled by the state, the result would be a harmonious and more equal society of ever-increasing prosperity. This underpinned the move towards a capitalist economic system in the late 18th century and the subsequent demise of the mercantilist system. Private property and individual contracts form the basis of economic liberalism.
The early theory of economic liberalism was based on the assumption that the economic actions of individuals are largely based on self-interest (invisible hand) and that allowing them to act without any restrictions will produce the best results for everyone (spontaneous order), provided that at least minimum standards of public information and justice exist, so that no one is allowed to coerce, steal, or commit fraud, and there should be freedom of speech and press. This ideology was well reflected in English law; Lord Ackner, denying the existence of a duty of good faith in English contract law, emphasised the "adversarial position of the parties when involved in negotiations".
Position on state interventionism
Economic liberalism opposes government intervention in the economy when it leads to inefficient outcomes. They are supportive of a strong state that protects the right to property and enforces contracts. They may also support government interventions to resolve market failures. Ordoliberalism and various schools of social liberalism based on classical liberalism include a broader role for the state but do not seek to replace private enterprise and the free market with public enterprise and economic planning. A social market economy is a largely free-market economy based on a free price system and private property that is supportive of government activity to promote competition in markets and social welfare programs to address social inequalities that result from market outcomes.
Historian Kathleen G. Donohue argues that classical liberalism in the United States during the 19th century had distinctive characteristics as opposed to Britain: "[A]t the center of classical liberal theory [in Europe] was the idea of laissez-faire. To the vast majority of American classical liberals, however, laissez-faire did not mean no government intervention at all. On the contrary, they were more than willing to see government provide tariffs, railroad subsidies, and internal improvements, all of which benefited producers. What they condemned was intervention in behalf of consumers."
See also
Conservatism in the United States
Constitutional economics
Doux commerce
Economic freedom
Economic liberalization
Economic progressivism
Georgism
Laissez-faire
Libertarianism in the United States
References
Bibliography
External links
Classical liberalism
Conservative liberalism
Economic globalization
Economic ideologies
Free market
Ideologies of capitalism
Liberalism
Political ideologies |
23573358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H11NO2 | C8H11NO2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H11NO2}}
The molecular formula C8H11NO2 may refer to:
Butyl cyanoacrylate
4-Deoxypyridoxine
Dopamine, a neurotransmitter
Isobutyl cyanoacrylate
Norfenefrine
Octopamine
Octopamine (drug)
Vanillylamine |
23573373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGrath%20%28disambiguation%29 | McGrath (disambiguation) | McGrath is a surname of Irish origin.
McGrath may also refer to:
Places
United States:
McGrath, Alaska, a village
McGrath, Minnesota, a town
McGrath State Beach, Oxnard, California
Antarctica:
Mount McGrath
McGrath Nunatak
Other uses
McGrath Foundation, an Australian breast cancer support and education charity
McGrath Cup, a Gaelic Football competition in Munster, Ireland
McGrath's Fish House, restaurant chain in the American Pacific Northwest
See also
Clan McGrath
Magrath (disambiguation)
McGraw (disambiguation) |
23573389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelis%20immersa | Stelis immersa | Stelis immersa is a species of orchid found from Mexico to northern Venezuela.
References
External links
immersa
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of Venezuela |
6899688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protium%20%28plant%29 | Protium (plant) | Protium is a genus of more than 140 species of flowering plants in the family Burseraceae. It is native to the Neotropics (where around 175 species have been found), Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and southern Asia from Pakistan east to Vietnam. The genus had been included in Bursera, but is distinct, being most closely related to Crepidospermum and Tetragastris.
The species are usually small or medium-sized trees, but some can be large, up to tall. In their native range, some species are grown for timber, used as firewood, as medicinal plants, for their fruit, their resin (Copal) or in other cultural contexts.
Selected species
Protium almecega March.
Protium apiculatum Sw.
Protium aracouchini
Protium asperum
Protium attenuatum
Protium connarifolium
Protium copal
Protium correae
Protium decandrum
Protium elegans
Protium gigantium
Protium guianense
Protium hebetatum Daly
Protium heptaphyllum Mart.
Protium icicariba (= Icica icicariba)
Protium inconforme
Protium obtusifolium (Lam.) Marchand (= Dammara graveolens)
Protium panamense
Protium pittieri
Protium serratum
Protium widgrenii Engl.
Uses
Caranna, medicinal gum
References
Flora of Pakistan (treats species in the genus Bursera)
Burseraceae genera |
6899692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachytrope | Tachytrope | A tachytrope is a curve in which the law of the velocity is given. It was first used by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in A System of Analytic Mechanics, first published in 1855.
References
Sources
Velocity |
23573392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footballer%20of%20the%20Year%20in%20Russia%20%28Futbol%29 | Footballer of the Year in Russia (Futbol) | Footballer of the Year in Russia was an annual award given by Futbol weekly to the Russian Premier League player of the season. The title was awarded according to the results of a poll conducted by the newspaper. Players of each Premier League club are polled. The award started in 1964 as Soviet Footballer of the Year until changing its name for the 1992 season. The last title awarded in 2021. Brazilian Daniel Carvalho became the first foreign player to win the award in 2005.
List of winners
See also
Soviet Footballer of the Year
Footballer of the Year in Russia (Sport-Express), Sport-Express daily newspaper version
References
External links
Futbol weekly official blog
Russia 2
Awards established in 1992
1992 establishments in Russia
Russian football trophies and awards
Annual events in Russia
Association football player non-biographical articles |
23573406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator%20Superior%20of%20Wallis%20and%20Futuna | Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna | The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of France in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator Superior is Hervé Jonathan, since 11 January 2021.
The post was created in 1961, after Wallis and Futuna become a French overseas territory. In 2003, the status was changed to that of an overseas collectivity.
For French representatives in Wallis and Futuna from 1887 until 1961, see: Resident of Wallis and Futuna.
List of administrators superior (1961–present)
See also
Wallis and Futuna
List of kings of Uvea
List of kings of Alo
List of kings of Sigave
References
External links
Politics of Wallis and Futuna |
23573412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeal%20of%20Certain%20Laws%20Act%201772 | Repeal of Certain Laws Act 1772 | The Repeal of Certain Laws Act 1772 (12 Geo. III, c. 71) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. It repealed statutes against forestallers and engrossers, including the Forestallers Act 1551.
Notes
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1772 |
6899695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlboro%20Cup%20Invitational%20Handicap | Marlboro Cup Invitational Handicap | The Marlboro Cup Invitational Handicap was a Thoroughbred horse race first run in September 1973 at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. A Grade 1 race for horses 3 years old and up, it was raced over a distance of miles on a dirt track.
The race came into existence as a result of the huge popularity of Secretariat, who in 1973 became the first U.S. Triple Crown champion in twenty-five years. Such was the drawing power of Secretariat that CBS television readily agreed to broadcast the race nationally, a rare occurrence at the time for a non-Triple Crown or traditional "classic" event (such as the Travers Stakes). Originally conceived as a match race with Secretariat's stablemate and 1972 Kentucky Derby winner Riva Ridge, it was changed to an invitational race that brought together the top horses 3 years of age and older.
In the inaugural race, Secretariat set a world record time for miles on dirt while winning by lengths on a track officially rated as being only "good". The race became a very important annual event and 1978 marked the first of only two times in racing history that two American Triple Crown winners met in a single race, with Seattle Slew, the 1977 champion, defeating the 1978 champion Affirmed by three lengths. (The two met again in that year's edition of the Jockey Club Gold Cup; Seattle Slew lost by a nose to Exceller, while Affirmed finished up the track due to a slipped saddle.)
For many years the Marlboro Cup was part of Belmont Park's Fall Championship meet and the track's owner, the New York Racing Association, created a Fall Championship Series consisting of the Woodward Stakes, followed by the Marlboro Cup, and then the Jockey Club Gold Cup. In 1984, Slew o' Gold became the first horse to win the Fall Series for which he received a $1,000,000 bonus. CBS and later NBC continued to broadcast the Marlboro into the 1980s.
The advent of the Breeders' Cup races in 1984 marked the beginning of the end for the Marlboro Cup. In 1987, the 15th edition of the race attracted just five horses and was picked up for broadcast on cable television only.
Records
Speed record:
1:45.40 @ 1-1/8 miles: Secretariat (1973) (new stakes, track, and world record)
2:00.00 @ 1-1/4 miles: Turkoman (1986)
Most wins:
No horse won this race more than once.
Most wins by a jockey:
3 – Jacinto Vásquez (1977, 1982, 1983)
Most wins by a trainer:
2 – MacKenzie Miller (1980, 1987)
Most wins by an owner:
2 – Rokeby Stables (1980, 1987)
Winners
External link
Secretariat's 1973 Marlboro Cup
References
Discontinued horse races
Horse races in the United States
Belmont Park
Recurring sporting events established in 1973
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1987
1973 establishments in New York (state)
1987 disestablishments in New York (state) |
23573414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Beatles%20in%20Mono | The Beatles in Mono | The Beatles in Mono is a boxed set compilation comprising the remastered monaural recordings by the Beatles. The set was released on compact disc on 9 September 2009, the same day the remastered stereo recordings and companion The Beatles (The Original Studio Recordings) were also released, along with The Beatles: Rock Band video game. The remastering project for both mono and stereo versions was led by EMI senior studio engineers Allan Rouse and Guy Massey. The release date of 09/09/09 is related to the significance to John Lennon of the number nine.
The boxed set was released on 180-gram heavyweight vinyl on 8 September 2014, mastered directly from the original analogue tapes and not the digital masters used for the CD release.
Intention
The Beatles in Mono was released to reflect the fact that most of the Beatles' catalogue was originally mixed and released in the monophonic format. Stereo recordings were a fairly new concept for pop music in the 1960s and did not become standard until late in that decade. This explains why the Beatles' initial album releases were mixed for mono. By the late sixties, however, stereo recording for pop music was becoming more popular and, thus, the new standard. Therefore, the last few Beatles albums—Yellow Submarine, Abbey Road and Let It Be—were mixed and released only in stereo. Many feel that the mono mixes reflect the true intention of the band. For example, in the case of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, all the mono mixes were done together with the Beatles themselves, throughout the recording of the album, whereas the stereo mixes were done in only six days by Abbey Road personnel George Martin, Geoff Emerick and Richard Lush after the album had been finished, with none of the Beatles attending. George Harrison commented:
John Lennon did not like the stereo mix of his song "Revolution" on the 1967-1970 compilation album. Lennon stated during a 1974 interview:
Limited edition
Amazon.com advertised the set as a limited edition item in the United States. Less than a month prior to the set's release it was announced that the site had sold out of units. Less than two weeks before 9 September, many other online retailers announced the selling out of units from their inventories, including the Canadian Amazon.ca site.
EMI announced on 3 September that more mono boxed sets were to be pressed due to high demand from online pre-orders. It is still to remain a "limited edition", but since it has already been certified platinum by the RIAA it was not limited to 10,000 copies as originally stated. As of July 2018, the CD set is still readily available; however, the vinyl box set is out of print. Individual mono albums on vinyl still available are Rubber Soul, Revolver, The Beatles and Mono Masters, a 3-LP set of singles.
Five years after the initial CD release, mono editions of each of the albums are available individually in the vinyl format, though the mono editions for CD are still available only in the box set. All of the American albums can be had on CD individually in mono paired with the original stereo mixes; this is the only other way to acquire the mono mixes on CD.
Disc listing
The thirteen-disc (fourteen on LP) collection contains the remastered mono versions of every Beatles album released in true mono. The original 1965 stereo mixes of Help! and Rubber Soul are included on the CD version as bonuses on their respective albums. (In 1986 both albums had been remixed by George Martin for their CD release in 1987.) The box contains a new two-disc compilation album titled Mono Masters, which compiles all the mono mixes of singles, B-sides and EP tracks that did not originally appear on any of the UK albums or Magical Mystery Tour.
Please Please Me (1963)
With the Beatles (1963)
A Hard Day's Night (1964)
Beatles for Sale (1964)
Help! (1965)
Rubber Soul (1965)
Revolver (1966)
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
Magical Mystery Tour (1967)
The Beatles (1968)
Mono Masters (1962–1970)
The albums Yellow Submarine, Abbey Road and Let It Be are not included in this set, as no true mono mixes of these albums were issued. The same holds true for the songs "The Ballad of John and Yoko", "Old Brown Shoe" and the single mix of "Let It Be", which were also omitted. A mono version of the Yellow Submarine album was released in the UK, but it was simply a fold-down (two stereo channels combined into one channel) from the stereo mix, not a unique and separate mono mix. Abbey Road and Let It Be were issued in the UK in mono on reel-to-reel tape and on LP in Brazil and other countries but, again, only as fold-downs from the respective stereo versions.
The previously unavailable true mono mixes of the four new Beatles songs released on the Yellow Submarine album ("Only a Northern Song", "All Together Now", "Hey Bulldog" and "It's All Too Much"), originally intended for a separate, but ultimately scrapped mono EP which would have also included a mono mix of "Across the Universe", are included on the Mono Masters compilation. Also omitted from this set, but included in the stereo box set, is a DVD containing the mini-documentaries included with the stereo remasters of the different albums.
The "White Album" was originally released in mono and stereo in the UK and several other countries, but in the United States, it was released only in stereo. However, the mono mixes of "Don't Pass Me By" and "Helter Skelter" had been previously issued in the US in 1980 on the Capitol Records Rarities compilation album.
All CDs replicate their original album labels as first released, from the various Parlophone Records label variations, to the Capitol Records label (for Magical Mystery Tour) and the UK Apple Records side A and B labels for discs 1 and 2 respectively for The Beatles. For Mono Masters, disc 1 uses a mid-1960s Parlophone label design and disc 2 uses the unsliced Apple label design. All vinyl labels use the Apple label design.
The CD set also includes a 44-page booklet which includes an essay on the important role that the mono mixes played in the Beatles' recording career, notes on every track featured in Mono Masters, and a track-by-track listing of the recordings. The vinyl set includes a 108-page book which also includes many rare photographs of the Beatles in Abbey Road Studio, fascinating EMI archive documents and evocative articles sourced from 1960s publications.
Chart performance
The set debuted at number 40 on Billboard's Top 200 chart and the magazine reported that 12,000 copies were sold in its first week of release. In Japan, it debuted at number 10, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week on the Oricon album charts. The set was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in April 2010.
References
External links
The Beatles official website press release
Details of remasters reported in Chicago
Albums produced by George Martin
The Beatles compilation albums
2009 compilation albums
Capitol Records compilation albums
Apple Records compilation albums
Albums arranged by George Martin
Albums arranged by Paul McCartney
Albums conducted by George Martin
Albums conducted by Paul McCartney
Albums arranged by Mike Leander
Albums arranged by George Harrison
Albums conducted by George Harrison
Albums arranged by John Lennon
Albums conducted by John Lennon
Reissue albums
Compilation albums published posthumously |
23573417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Adolph%20Gad | Peter Adolph Gad | Peter Adolph Rostgaard Bruun Gad (25 November 1846 – 26 February 1907) was a Danish ophthalmologist who founded the first eye infirmary of São Paulo city, Brazil, at the "Santa Casa de Sao Paulo" hospital, in 1885. This eye infirmary became the first ophthalmology school of São Paulo. Doctor Gad also worked in Rio de Janeiro and Copenhagen.
References
1846 births
1907 deaths
Danish ophthalmologists |
20465358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Poland%20in%20the%20Early%20Modern%20era%20%281569%E2%80%931795%29 | History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795) | The early modern era of Polish history follows the late Middle Ages. Historians use the term early modern to refer to the period beginning in approximately 1500 AD and lasting until around 1800.
The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish diet in 1505 transferred legislative power from the king to the diet. This event marked the beginning of the period known as the "Nobles' Democracy" () or "Nobles' Commonwealth" (). The state was ruled by the "free and equal" Polish nobility or szlachta, albeit in intense, and at times destabilizing, competition with the Jagiellon and then elective kings.
The Union of Lublin of 1569 constituted the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a more closely merged continuation of the already existing personal union of the Crown of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The beginning of the Commonwealth coincided with the period of Poland's greatest territorial expansion, power, civilizational advancement and prosperity. The Polish–Lithuanian state had become an influential player in Europe and a vital cultural entity, spreading Western culture eastward.
Following the Reformation gains accompanied by religious toleration, the Catholic Church embarked on an ideological counter-offensive and Counter-Reformation claimed many converts from Protestant circles. The disagreements over and the difficulties with the assimilation of the eastern Ruthenian populations of the Commonwealth had become clearly discernible; an attempt to settle the issue was made in the religious Union of Brest. On the military front, a series of Cossack uprisings took place.
The Commonwealth, assertive militarily under King Stephen Báthory, suffered from dynastic distractions during the reigns of the Vasa kings Sigismund III and Władysław IV. It had also become a playground of internal conflicts, in which the kings, powerful magnates and factions of nobility were the main actors. The Commonwealth fought wars with Russia, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire.
The situation, however, soon radically deteriorated. From 1648 the Cossack Khmelnytsky Uprising engulfed the south and east, and was soon followed by a Swedish invasion, which raged through core Polish lands. Warfare with the Cossacks and Russia left Ukraine divided, with the eastern part, lost by the Commonwealth, becoming the Tsardom's dependency. John III Sobieski, fighting protracted wars with the Ottoman Empire, revived the Commonwealth's military might once more, in the process helping decisively in 1683 to deliver Vienna from a Turkish onslaught.
The Commonwealth, subjected to almost constant warfare until 1720, suffered devastating population losses, massive damage to its economy and social structure. The government became ineffective because of large scale internal conflicts (e.g. Lubomirski's Rokosz against John II Casimir and other confederations), corrupted legislative processes (liberum veto) and manipulation by foreign interests. The "ruling" nobility class fell under control of a handful of powerful families with established territorial domains. The reigns of two kings of the Saxon Wettin dynasty, Augustus II and Augustus III, brought the Commonwealth further disintegration.
The Polish-Lithuanian state was dominated by the Russian Empire from the time of Peter the Great. This foreign control reached its climax under Catherine the Great, and involved at that time also the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Habsburg monarchy. During the later part of the 18th century the Commonwealth recovered economically, developed culturally and attempted fundamental internal reforms. The reform activity provoked hostile reaction and eventually military response on the part of the neighboring powers. The royal election of 1764 resulted in the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski.
The Bar Confederation of 1768 was a szlachta rebellion directed against Russia and the Polish king. It was brought under control and followed in 1772 by the First Partition of the Commonwealth, a permanent encroachment on the outer Commonwealth provinces by Russia, Prussia and Austria.
The Great, or Four-Year Sejm was convened by Stanisław August in 1788. The Sejm's landmark achievement was the passing of the Constitution of May 3, 1791, considered the first in modern Europe. The constitutional reform generated strong opposition from conservative circles in the Commonwealth's upper nobility and from Catherine II.
The nobility's Targowica Confederation appealed to Empress Catherine for help and in May 1792 the Russian army entered the territory of the Commonwealth. The defensive war fought by the forces of the Commonwealth ended when the King, convinced of the futility of resistance, capitulated by joining the Targowica Confederation. Russia and Prussia in 1793 arranged for and executed the Second Partition of the Commonwealth, which left the country with critically reduced territory, practically incapable of independent existence.
Reformers and patriots were soon preparing for a national insurrection. Tadeusz Kościuszko, chosen as its leader, on March 24, 1794 in Cracow (Kraków) declared a national uprising. Kościuszko emancipated and enrolled in his army many peasants, but the hard-fought insurrection ended in suppression by the forces of Russia and Prussia. The third and final partition of the Commonwealth was undertaken again by all three partitioning powers, and in 1795 the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist.
Early elective monarchy
Non-hereditary royal succession
The death of Sigismund II Augustus in 1572 ended the nearly two centuries of the rule of the Jagiellon dynasty in Poland. It was followed by a three-year interregnum period, during which the Polish nobility (szlachta) was searching for ways to continue the governance process and elect a new monarch. Lower szlachta was now included in the selection process and adjustments were made to the constitutional system. The power of the monarch was further circumscribed in favor of the expanding noble class, which sought to ensure its future domination.
Each king had to sign the so-called Henrician Articles (named after Henry of Valois, the first post-Jagiellon king), which were the basis of the political system of Poland, and the pacta conventa, which were various further personal obligations of the chosen king. From that point, the king was effectively a partner with the nobility, a top member of the diet (sejm), and was constantly supervised by a group of upper-rank nobles, senators from sejm's upper chamber.
The disappearance of the ruling dynasty and its replacement with a non-hereditary elective monarchy made the constitutional system much more unstable. With each election the noble electors wanted more power for themselves and less for the monarch, although there were practical limits to how much the kings could be constrained. A semi-permanent power struggle resulted, to which the magnates and lesser szlachta added their own constant manipulations and bickering and authority eroded from the government's center. Eventually foreign states had taken advantage of the vacuum and replaced the nobility of the Commonwealth as the real arbiter of royal elections and of overall power in Poland-Lithuania.
In its periodic opportunities to fill the throne, the szlachta exhibited a preference for foreign candidates who would not found another strong dynasty. This policy produced monarchs who were either ineffective or in constant debilitating conflict with the nobility. The kings of alien origin were initially unfamiliar with the internal dynamics of the Commonwealth, had remained distracted by the politics of their native countries, and often inclined to subordinate the interests of the Commonwealth to those of their own country and ruling house.
Henry of Valois (1573–1574)
In April 1573, Sigismund's sister Anna, the sole heir to the crown, convinced the Sejm to elect the French prince Henry of Valois as king. Her marriage with Henry was to further legitimize Henry's rule, but less than a year after his coronation, Henry fled Poland to succeed his brother Charles IX as King of France.
Stephen Báthory (1576–1586)
The able and militarily as well as domestically assertive Transylvanian Stephen Báthory (1576–1586) counts among the few more highly regarded elective kings.
During the Livonian War (1558–1582), fought between Ivan the Terrible of Russia and Poland-Lithuania, Pskov was besieged by Polish forces. The city was not captured, but Báthory, with his Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, led the Polish army in a decisive campaign and forced Russia to return territories previously taken, gaining Livonia and Polotsk. In 1582, the war ended with the Truce of Jam Zapolski.
The Commonwealth forces retrieved most of the lost provinces. At the end of Báthory's reign, Poland ruled two main Baltic Sea ports: Danzig (Gdańsk), controlling the Vistula River trade and Riga, controlling the Daugava River trade. Both cities were among the largest in the country.
War of the Polish Succession
Stephen Báthory planned a Christian alliance against the Islamic Ottomans. He proposed an anti-Ottoman alliance with Russia, which he considered necessary for his anti-Ottoman crusade. Russia however was heading for its Time of Troubles and he could not find a partner there. When Báthory died, there was a year-long interregnum. Emperor Mathias' brother, Archduke Maximilian III, tried to claim the Polish throne, but was defeated at Byczyna during the War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588). Sigismund III Vasa became the Commonwealth's next king, the first of the three rulers from the Swedish House of Vasa.
House of Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632)
Sigismund III Vasa was King of Poland 1587–1632 and King of Sweden 1592–99. He was the son of John III Vasa of Sweden and Catherine, the daughter of Sigismund I the Old of Poland. He annoyed the Polish nobles by deliberately dressing in Spanish and other Western European styles (including French hosiery). An ardent Catholic, Sigismund III was determined to win the Swedish crown and bring Sweden back to Catholicism. Subsequently, Sigismund III involved Poland in unnecessary and unpopular wars with Sweden during which the diet refused him money and soldiers and Sweden seized Livonia and Prussia.
The first few years of Sigismund's reign (until 1598) saw Poland and Sweden united in a personal union that made the Baltic Sea an internal lake. However, a rebellion in Sweden started the chain of events that would involve the Commonwealth in more than a century of warfare with Sweden.
The Catholic Church embarked on an ideological counter-offensive and Counter-Reformation claimed many converts from Protestant circles. The Union of Brest split the Eastern Christians of the Commonwealth. In order to further Catholicism, the Uniate Church (acknowledging papal supremacy but following Eastern ritual and Slavonic liturgy) was created at the Synod of Brest in 1596. The Uniates drew many followers away from the Orthodox Church in the Commonwealth's eastern territories.
Sigismund's attempts to introduce absolutism, then becoming prevalent in the rest of Europe, and his goal of reacquiring the throne of Sweden for himself, resulted in a rebellion of the szlachta (gentry). In 1607, the Polish nobility threatened to suspend the agreements with their elected king but did not attempt his overthrow.
For ten years between 1619 and 1629, the Commonwealth was at its greatest geographical extent in history. In 1619, the Russo-Polish Truce of Deulino came into effect, whereby Russia conceded Commonwealth control over Smolensk and several other border territories. In 1629, the Swedish-Polish Truce of Altmark took place; the Commonwealth ceded to Sweden most of Livonia, which the Swedes had invaded in 1626.
Sigismund III Vasa failed to strengthen the Commonwealth or to solve its internal problems; he concentrated on futile attempts to regain his former Swedish throne.
Commonwealth-Sweden-Muscovy Wars
Sigismund desire to reclaim the Swedish throne drove him into prolonged military adventures waged against Sweden under Charles IX and later also Russia. In 1598, Sigismund tried to defeat Charles with a mixed army from Sweden and Poland, but was defeated in the Battle of Stångebro.
As the Tsardom of Russia went through its "Time of Troubles," Poland failed to capitalize on the situation. Military campaigns undertaken brought Poland at times close to a conquest of Russia and the Baltic coast during the Time of Troubles and False Dimitris, but military burden imposed by the ongoing rivalry also along other frontiers (the Ottoman Empire and Sweden) prevented this from being accomplished. After prolonged war with Russia, Polish forces occupied Moscow in 1610. The office of tsar, then vacant in Russia, was offered to Sigismund's son, Władysław. Sigismund, however, opposed his son's accession as tsar, as he hoped to obtain the Russian throne for himself. Two years later the Poles were driven out of Moscow and Poland lost an opportunity for a Polish-Russian union.
Poland escaped the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which ravaged everything to the west, especially Prussia. In 1618, the Elector of Brandenburg became hereditary ruler of the Duchy of Prussia on the Baltic coast. From then on, Poland's link to the Baltic Sea was bordered on both sides by two provinces of the same German state.
Southern wars
The Commonwealth viewed itself as the "bulwark of the Christendom" and together with the Habsburgs and the Republic of Venice stood in the way of the Ottoman plans of European conquests. Since the second half of the 16th century, the Polish-Ottomans relations were worsened by the escalation of Cossack-Tatar border warfare, which turned the entire border region between the Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire into a semi-permanent warzone. A constant threat from Crimean Tatars supported the appearance of Cossackdom.
In 1595, magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia. This started a series of conflicts that would soon spread to Transylvania, Wallachia and Hungary, when the forces of the Polish magnates clashed with the forces backed by the Ottoman Empire and occasionally the Habsburgs, all competing for the domination over that region.
With the Commonwealth engaged on its northern and eastern borders with nearly constant conflicts against Sweden and Russia, its armies were spread thin. The southern wars culminated in the Polish defeat at the Battle of Cecora in 1620. The Commonwealth was forced to renounce all claims to Moldavia, Transylvania, Wallachia and Hungary.
Religious and social tensions
The population of Poland-Lithuania was neither overwhelmingly Roman Catholic nor Polish. This circumstance resulted from the federation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where East Slavic Ruthenian populations predominated. In the days of the "Republic of Nobles", to be Polish was much less an indication of ethnicity than of rank; it was a designation largely reserved for the landed noble class, which included members of Polish and non-Polish origin alike. Generally speaking, the ethnically non-Polish noble families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gradually adopted the Polish language and culture. As a result, in the eastern territories of the Kingdom the Polish-speaking landed nobility dominated over the peasantry, whose great majority was neither Polish nor Catholic. Moreover, the decades of peace brought huge colonization efforts to Ukraine, which heightened tensions between peasants, Jews and nobles. The tensions were aggravated by the conflicts between the Orthodox and Greek Catholic (both Church Slavonic liturgy) churches following the Union of Brest and by several Cossack uprisings. In the west and north of the country, cities had large German minorities, often of reformed beliefs. According to the Risāle-yi Tatar-i Leh (an account of the Lipka Tatars written for Suleiman the Magnificent by an anonymous Polish Muslim during a stay in Istanbul in 1557–8, on his way to Mecca) there were 100 Lipka Tatar settlements with mosques in Poland. In 1672, the Tatar subjects rose up in an open rebellion against the Commonwealth.
Władysław IV Vasa (1632–1648)
During the reign of Sigismund's son, Władysław IV Vasa, the Cossacks in Ukraine revolted against Poland; wars with Russia and Turkey weakened the country; and szlachta obtained new privileges, mainly exemption from income tax.
Władysław IV aimed to achieve many military goals, including conquests of Russia, Sweden and Turkey. His reign is that of many small victories, few of them bringing anything worthwhile to the Commonwealth. He was once elected a Russian tsar, but never had any control over Russian territories. Like his father, Władysław was involved in Swedish dynastic ambitions. He failed to strengthen the Commonwealth or prevent the crippling events of the Khmelnytsky Uprising and the Deluge that devastated the Commonwealth from 1648 onward.
John Casimir Vasa (1648–1668)
The reign of Władysław's brother John Casimir, the last of the Vasas, was dominated by the culmination in the war with Sweden, the groundwork for which was laid down by the two previous Vasa kings. In 1660, John Casimir was forced to renounce his claims to the Swedish throne and acknowledge Swedish sovereignty over Livonia and city of Riga.
Under John Casimir, the Cossacks grew in power and at times were able to defeat the Poles; the Swedes occupied much of Poland, including Warsaw, the capital; and the King, abandoned or betrayed by his subjects, had to seek temporary refuge in Silesia. As a result of the wars with the Cossacks and Russia, the Commonwealth lost Kiev, Smolensk, and all the areas east of the Dnieper River by the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667). During John Casimir's reign, East Prussia successfully renounced its formal status as a fief of Poland. Internally, the process of disintegration started. The nobles, making their own alliances with foreign powers, pursued independent policies; the rebellion of Jerzy Lubomirski shook the throne.
John Casimir, a broken, disillusioned man, abdicated the Polish throne on 16 September 1668 amid internal anarchy and strife and returned to France, where he joined the Jesuit order and became a monk. He died in 1672.
Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1654)
The Khmelnytsky Uprising, by far the largest of the Cossack uprisings, proved disastrous for the Commonwealth. The Cossacks, allied with the Tatars, defeated the forces of the Commonwealth in several battles, the Commonwealth scored a major victory at Berestechko, but the Polish-Lithuanian empire ended up "fatally wounded". The easternmost parts of its territory were effectively lost to Russia, which resulted in a long-term shift in the balance of power. In the short-term the country was weakened at the moment of the invasion by Sweden.
The Deluge (1648–1667)
Although Poland-Lithuania was unaffected by the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), the following two decades subjected the nation to one of its worst trials ever. This colorful but ruinous interval, the stuff of legend and popular historical novels of Nobel laureate Henryk Sienkiewicz, became known as potop, or the Deluge, for the magnitude and suddenness of its hardships. The emergency began when the Ukrainian Cossacks rose in revolt and declared an independent state based in the vicinity of Kiev, allied with the Crimean Tatars and the Ottoman Empire. Their leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky defeated Polish armies in 1648 and 1652, and after the Cossacks concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav with Russia in 1654, Tsar Alexis overran the entire eastern part of the Commonwealth (Ukraine) to Lwów (Lviv). Taking advantage of Poland's preoccupation in the east and weakness, Charles X Gustav of Sweden intervened. Most of the Polish nobility along with the Polish vassal Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia agreed to recognize him as king after he promised to drive out the Russians. However, the Swedish troops embarked on an orgy of looting and destruction, which caused the Polish populace to rise up in revolt. The Swedes overran the remainder of Poland except for Lwów and Danzig (Gdańsk). Poland-Lithuania rallied to recover most of its losses from the Swedes. In exchange for breaking the alliance with Sweden, Frederick William, the ruler of Ducal Prussia, was released from his vassalage and became a de facto independent sovereign, while much of the Polish Protestant nobility went over to the side of the Swedes. Under Hetman Stefan Czarniecki, the Poles and Lithuanians had driven the Swedes from the Commonwealth's territory by 1657. The armies of Frederick William intervened and were also defeated. Frederick William's rule over East Prussia was recognized, although Poland retained the right of succession until 1773.
The thirteen-year struggle over control of Ukraine included an attempted formal union of Ukraine with the Commonwealth as an equal partner (1658) and Polish military successes in 1660–1662. This was not enough to keep eastern Ukraine. Under the pressure of continuing Ukrainian unrest and the threat of a Turkish-Tatar intervention, the Commonwealth and Russia signed in 1667 an agreement in the village of Andrusovo near Smolensk, according to which eastern Ukraine (left bank of the Dnieper River) now belonged to Russia. Kiev was also leased to Russia for two years, but never returned and eventually Poland recognized Russian control of the city.
The potop wars episode inflicted irremediable damage and contributed heavily to the ultimate demise of the state. Held responsible for the greatest disaster in Polish history, John Casimir abdicated in 1668. The population of the Commonwealth had been reduced by a staggering 1/3, by military casualties, slave raids, plague epidemics, and mass murders of civilians. Most of Poland's cities were reduced to rubble, and the nation's economic base was decimated. The war had been paid for by large-scale minting of worthless currency, causing runaway inflation. Religious feelings had also been inflamed by the conflict, ending tolerance of non-Catholic beliefs. Henceforth, the Commonwealth would be on the strategic defensive facing hostile and increasingly more powerful neighbors.
Commonwealth after the Deluge
In the Treaty of Oliva in 1660, John Casimir finally renounced his claims to the Swedish crown, which ended the feud between Sweden and the Commonwealth and the accompanying string of wars between those countries (War against Sigismund (1598–1599), Polish–Swedish wars (1600–1629) and the Northern War (1655–1660)).
After the Truce of Andrusovo of 1667 and the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686, the Commonwealth lost left-bank Ukraine to Russia.
Polish culture and the Uniate East Slavic Greek Catholic Church gradually advanced. By the 18th century, the populations of Ducal Prussia and Royal Prussia were a mixture of Catholics and Protestants and used both the German and Polish languages. The rest of Poland and most of Lithuania remained overwhelmingly Roman Catholic, while Ukraine and some parts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Belarus) were Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic (both Church Slavonic liturgy). The society consisted of the upper stratum (8% nobles, 1% clergy), townspeople and the peasant majority. Various nationalities/ethnicities or linguistic groups were present, including Poles, Germans, Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Armenians and Tatars, among others.
Native kings; wars with the Ottoman Empire
Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki (1669–1673)
Following the abdication of King John Casimir Vasa and the end of the Deluge, the Polish nobility (szlachta), disappointed with the rule of the Vasa dynasty monarchs, elected Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki as king, believing that as a non-foreigner he would further the interests of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was the first ruler of Polish origin since the last of Jagiellon dynasty, Sigismund II Augustus, died in 1572. Michael was a son of a controversial but popular with szlachta military commander Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, known for his actions during the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
His reign was not successful. Michael lost a war against the Ottoman Empire, with the Turks occupying Podolia and most of Ukraine from 1672–1673. Wiśniowiecki was a passive monarch who readily played into the hands of the Habsburgs. He was unable to cope with his responsibilities and with the different quarreling factions within Poland.
John III Sobieski (1674–1696)
Hetman John Sobieski was the Commonwealth's last great military commander; he was active and effective in the continuing warfare with the Ottoman Empire. Sobieski was elected as another "Piast" (of Polish family) king. John III's most famous achievement was the decisive contribution by the Commonwealth's forces led by him to the defeat of the Ottoman Empire's army in 1683, at the Battle of Vienna. The Ottomans, if victorious, would have likely become a threat to Western Europe, but the successful battle eliminated that possibility and marked the turning point in a 250-year struggle between the forces of Christian Europe and the Islamic Ottoman Empire. Over the 16 years following the battle (the Great Turkish War), the Turks would be permanently driven south of the Danube River, never to threaten Central Europe again.
For the Commonwealth there was no big payoff for the Turkish victories and the rescuer of Vienna had to cede territories to Russia in return for promised aid against the Crimean Tatars and Turks. Poland had previously formally relinquished all claims to Kiev in 1686. On other fronts John III was even less successful, including agreements with France and Sweden in a failed attempt to regain the Duchy of Prussia. Only when the Holy League concluded peace with the Ottomans in 1699, Poland recovered Podolia and parts of Ukraine.
Decay of the Commonwealth
Beginning in the 17th century, because of the deteriorating state of internal politics and government and destructive wars, the nobles' democracy gradually declined into anarchy, making the once powerful Commonwealth vulnerable to foreign interference and intervention. In the late 17th century Poland-Lithuania had virtually ceased to function as a coherent and genuinely independent state.
During the 18th century, the Polish-Lithuanian federation became subject to manipulations by Sweden, Russia, the Kingdom of Prussia, France and Austria. Poland's weakness was exacerbated by an unworkable parliamentary rule which allowed each deputy in sejm to use his vetoing power to stop further parliamentary proceedings for the given session. This greatly weakened the central authority of Poland and paved the way for its destruction.
The decline leading to foreign domination had begun in earnest several decades after the end of the Jagiellon dynasty. Insufficient and ineffective taxation, virulently contested by the szlachta whenever it impinged on their perceived interests, was another contributor to the downfall. There were two kinds of taxes, those levied by the Crown and those levied by legislative assemblies. The Crown raised both customs duties and taxes on land, transportation, salt, lead, and silver. Sejm raised a land tax, a city tax, a tax on alcohol, and a poll tax on Jews. The exports and imports by the nobility were tax-free. The disorganized and increasingly decentralized nature of tax gathering and the numerous exceptions from taxation meant that the king and the state had insufficient revenue to perform military or civilian functions. At one point the king secretly and illegally sold crown jewels.
The nobles or szlachta became increasingly focused on guarding their own "liberties" and blocked any policies designed to strengthen the nation or build a powerful army. Beginning in 1652, the fatal practice of liberum veto was their basic tool. It required unanimity in sejm and permitted even a single deputy not only to block any measure but to cause dissolution of a sejm and submission of all measures already passed to the next sejm. Foreign diplomats, using bribery or persuasion, routinely caused the dissolution of inconvenient sessions of sejm. Of the 37 sejms in 1674–96, only 12 were able to enact any legislation. The others were dissolved by the liberum veto of one person or another.
The Commonwealth's last martial triumph occurred in 1683 when King John III Sobieski drove the Turks from the gates of Vienna with a heavy cavalry charge. Poland's important role in aiding the European alliance to roll back the Ottoman Empire was rewarded with some territory in Podolia by the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699). This partial success did little to mask the internal weakness and paralysis of the Polish–Lithuanian political system.
For the next quarter century, Poland was often a pawn in Russia's campaigns against other powers. When John III died in 1697, 18 candidates vied for the throne, which ultimately went to Frederick Augustus of Saxony, who then converted to Catholicism. Ruling as Augustus II, his reign presented the opportunity to unite Saxony (an industrialized area) with Poland, a country rich in mineral resources. The King however lacked skill in foreign policy and became entangled in a war with Sweden. His allies, the Russians and the Danes, were repelled by Charles XII of Sweden, beginning the Great Northern War. Charles installed a puppet ruler in Poland and marched on Saxony, compelling Augustus to give up his crown and turning Poland into a base for the Swedish army. Poland was again devastated by the armies of Sweden, Russia, and Saxony. Its major cities were destroyed and a third of the population killed by the war and a plague outbreak in 1702-13. The Swedes finally withdrew from Poland and invaded Ukraine, where they were defeated by the Russians at Poltava. Augustus was able to reclaim his throne with Russian support, but Tsar Peter the Great decided to annex Livonia in 1710. He also suppressed the Cossacks, who had been in revolt against Poland since 1699. Later on, the Tsar frustrated an attempt by Prussia to gain territory from Poland (despite Augustus' approval of this). After the Great Northern War, Poland became an effective protectorate of Russia for the rest of the 18th century. The wide-ranging European War of the Polish Succession, named after the conflict over the succession to Augustus II, was fought from 1733–1735.
In the 18th century, the powers of the monarchy and the central administration became mostly formal. Kings were denied opportunity to provide for elementary requirements of defense and finance, and aristocratic clans made treaties directly with foreign sovereigns. Attempts at reform were stymied by the determination of szlachta to preserve their "golden freedoms", most notably the liberum veto. Because of the chaos sown by the veto provision, under Augustus III (1733–63) only one of the thirteen sejm sessions ran to an orderly adjournment.
Unlike Spain and Sweden, great powers that were allowed to settle peacefully into secondary status at the periphery of Europe at the end of their time of glory, Poland endured its decline at the strategic crossroads of the continent. Lacking central leadership and impotent in foreign relations, Poland-Lithuania became a chattel of the ambitious kingdoms that surrounded it, an immense but feeble buffer state. During the reign of Peter the Great (1682–1725), the Commonwealth fell under the dominance of Russia, and by the middle of the 18th century Poland-Lithuania had been made a virtual protectorate of its eastern neighbor, retaining only a theoretical right to self-rule.
By the 18th century, outside commentators routinely ridiculed the ineffectiveness of sejms, blaming the liberum veto. Throughout Europe political commentators unanimously called it a terrible failure. Many Polish nobles regarded the veto as a constructive instrument, to be used as a weapon against the presumably tyrannical aspirations of the monarchy. The long-term result was a weak state that could not compete with its neighbors, especially Prussia and Russia. Inevitably Poland was partitioned among them and the nobles lost all their political rights as well as their nation state.
Several decades before the loss independence, intellectuals began to reconsider the role of the veto and the nature of Polish liberty, arguing that Poland had not been progressing as fast as the rest of Europe because of a lack of political stability. The exposure to Enlightenment ideas gave Poles further reason to reconsider concepts such as society and equality, and this led to discovery of the idea of the naród, or nation; a nation in which all people, not just the nobility, should enjoy the rights of political liberty. The reform movement came too late to save the state, but helped to form the coherent nation, able to survive the long period of Partitioned Poland.
Commonwealth–Saxony personal union
After John III Sobieski's death, the Polish-Lithuanian throne was occupied for seven decades by the German Prince-elector of Saxony, Augustus II the Strong, and his son, Augustus III, of the House of Wettin.
Augustus II the Strong (1697–1706, 1709–1733)
Augustus II the Strong, also known as Frederick Augustus I, was an over-ambitious ruler. In the contest for the crown of the Commonwealth he defeated his main rival, François Louis, Prince of Conti, who was supported by France, and King John III's son, Jakub. To ensure his success in becoming the Polish king he converted from Lutheranism to Roman Catholicism. Augustus II virtually bought the election. Augustus hoped to make the Polish throne hereditary for the House of Wettin, and to use his resources as Elector of Saxony to impose some order on the chaotic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, he was soon distracted from his internal reform projects and became preoccupied by the possibility of external conquests.
In alliance with Peter the Great of Russia, Augustus won back Podolia and western Ukraine and concluded the long series of Polish-Turkish wars by the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699). A Cossack revolt that had begun in 1699 was suppressed by the Russians. Augustus tried unsuccessfully to regain the Baltic coast from Charles XII of Sweden. He allied with Denmark and Russia, provoking a war with Sweden. After Augustus' allies were defeated, Sweden's king Charles XII marched from Livonia into Poland, using it then as the base of his operations. Installing a puppet ruler (King Stanisław Leszczyński) in Warsaw, he occupied Saxony and drove Augustus II from the throne. Augustus was forced to cede the crown from 1704 to 1709, but regained it when Tsar Peter defeated Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava (1709). Poland, which after having suffered extensive damages from wars had only recently returned to its 1650 population level, was once again completely razed to the ground by the armies of Sweden, Saxony, and Russia. Two million people died as a result of the war and disease epidemics. Cities were reduced to rubble, and cultural losses were immense. After the Swedish defeat Augustus II regained the throne with Russian backing, but the Russians proceeded to annex Livonia after driving the Swedes from it.
Augustus II was helpless when, in 1701, the Elector of Brandenburg proclaimed himself sovereign "King in Prussia," as Frederick I and founded the aggressive, militaristic Prussian state, which would eventually form nucleus of a united Germany. The victor from Poltava, Tsar Peter the Great declared Russia to be the guardian of the Polish-Lithuanian Republic's territorial integrity. This effectively meant that the Commonwealth became a Russian protectorate; it had remained in this condition for the duration of its existence (until 1795). The policy of Russia was to exercise political control over Poland in cooperation with Austria and Prussia.
Stanisław Leszczyński (1706–1709, 1733–1736)
Seen as a puppet of Sweden during his first stint on the throne, Stanisław Leszczyński ruled in times of turmoil, and Augustus II soon recovered the throne, forcing him into exile. He was elected king again following the death of Augustus in 1733, with the support of France and Polish nobles, but not of Poland's neighbors. After the military intervention by Russian and Saxon troops, he was besieged in Danzig (Gdańsk), and again forced to leave the country. For the rest of his life Leszczyński became a successful and popular ruler in the Duchy of Lorraine.
August III (1733–1763)
Also Elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus II), Augustus III inherited Saxony after his father's death, and was elected King of Poland by a minority sejm with the support of Russian troops. Augustus III was a puppet of Russia, and during his reign foreign armies criss-crossed the land. He was uninterested in the affairs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which he viewed mostly as a source of funds and resources for strengthening his power in Saxony. During his 30-year reign, he spent less than 3 years in Poland, delegating most of his powers and responsibilities to Count Heinrich von Brühl. Augustus III's uninvolved reign facilitated political anarchy and further weakened the Commonwealth, while the neighboring Prussia, Austria and especially Russia were becoming increasingly dominant in its affairs.
Reforms and partitions during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski (1764–1795)
From the early years of the reign of Empress Catherine the Great (1762–1796), Russia intensified its manipulation of Polish affairs. Prussia and Austria, the other powers surrounding the Republic, also took advantage of internal religious and political bickering. The neighboring states divided up the country in three partition stages. The third one in 1795 wiped Poland-Lithuania from the map of Europe.
Russian protectorate and First Partition
More enlightened Poles realized by now that reforms were necessary. One faction, led by the Czartoryski family, sought to abolish the fatal liberum veto and promoted a broad reform program; their main rivals were the Potocki family faction. The Czartoryskis entered into collaboration with the Russians, and in 1764 Empress Catherine II of Russia dictated the election of a member of the Czartoryski clan, her former favorite and lover, Stanisław August Poniatowski, as king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Partially confounding expectations that he would be an obedient servant of his former mistress, Stanislaw August encouraged a modernization of his realm's dysfunctional political system and achieved a temporary moratorium on use of the liberum veto in sejm (1764–1766). This threatened to increase the strength of central government and brought displeasure in the foreign capitals that preferred an inert, pliable Poland. Displeased Catherine encouraged religious dissension in Poland-Lithuania's substantial Eastern Orthodox population, which had lost the rights guaranteed to them in the 16th century.
Under heavy Russian pressure, the unhappy sejm introduced religious toleration and Orthodox and Protestant equality with Catholics in 1767. Through the Polish nobles that Russia controlled (the Confederation of Radom) and Russian Minister to Warsaw Prince Nicholas Repnin, Catherine forced a sejm constitution (comprehensive legislation), which undid Poniatowski's reforms of 1764. The liberum veto and other old abuses of szlachta power were guaranteed as unalterable parts of this new constitution.
Poland was however also compelled to sign a treaty of guarantee with Russia, where Catherine was imposed as protector (guarantor) of the Polish political system. The system could not be changed without Russia's approval, and thus the Commonwealth became de facto a Russian protectorate. The real power in Poland lay with the Russian ambassadors, and the Polish king became to a significant degree an executor of their will.
This situation provoked in 1768 a Catholic uprising and civil war known as the Confederation of Bar. The Confederation was a league of Polish nobles that fought against the King and Russian forces until 1772, to revoke the Empress' mandate. The Confederation's warfare and defeat provoked in part a partition of the Commonwealth (seizure of its outer territories) by its neighbors. Although Catherine initially opposed partition, King Frederick II of Prussia, interested in territorial gains and in neutralizing Austria's threatening military position, promoted a partition scheme that would be favorable to the interests of all three partitioning states. Emperor Joseph II of the Habsburg monarchy and then Empress Catherine agreed, and in 1772 Russia, Prussia, and Austria forced the terms of partition upon the helpless Commonwealth, under the pretext of quelling anarchy and restoring order.
National revival
The first partition in 1772 did not directly threaten the stability of the Polish-Lithuanian state. Poland still retained extensive territory that included the Polish heartlands. Moreover, the shock of the annexations made clear the dangers of decay in government institutions, creating a body of opinion favorable to reform along the lines of the European Enlightenment. King Stanisław August supported the progressive elements in the government and promoted the ideas of foreign political figures such as Edmund Burke and George Washington. Polish intellectuals studied and discussed Enlightenment philosophers such as Montesquieu and Rousseau. During the period of Enlightenment in Poland, the concept of democratic institutions for all classes was accepted in the more progressive circles of Polish society. Education reform included the establishment of the first ministry of education in Europe (the Commission of National Education). Taxation and the army underwent thorough reform, and central executive government was established as the Permanent Council. Landholders emancipated large numbers of peasants, although there was no official government decree. Polish cities and business enterprises, in decline for many decades, were revived by the influence of the Industrial Revolution, especially in mining and textiles.
Stanisław August's process of renovation reached its climax when, after three years of intense debate, the "Great Sejm" produced the Constitution of May 3, 1791, which historian Norman Davies called "the first constitution of its kind in Europe". Conceived in the liberal spirit of the contemporaneous document in the United States, the constitution recast Poland-Lithuania as a hereditary monarchy and got rid of many of the eccentricities and antiquated features of the old system of government. The new constitution abolished the individual veto in parliament; provided a separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government; and established "people's sovereignty" (for the noble and bourgeois classes). Although never fully implemented, the Constitution of May 3 gained a cherished position in the Polish political heritage; tradition marks the anniversary of its passage as the country's most important civic holiday.
Destruction of Poland-Lithuania
Passage of the constitution alarmed many nobles, some of whom would lose considerable stature under the new order. In autocratic states such as Russia, the democratic ideals of the new constitution also threatened the existing order, and the prospect of Polish recovery threatened to end domination of Polish affairs by Poland's neighbors. In 1792, Polish conservative factions formed the Confederation of Targowica and appealed for Russian assistance in restoring the status quo. Empress Catherine was happy to use this opportunity; enlisting Prussian support, she invaded Poland under the pretext of defending Poland's ancient liberties. A defensive war against powerful Russian armies was fought in 1792 with some measure of success, but the irresolute Stanislaw August, who did not believe in the possibility of defeating the Russian Empire, capitulated, defecting to the Targowica Confederation. Arguing that Poland had fallen prey to radical Jacobinism, then at high tide in France, Russia and Prussia abrogated the Constitution of May 3, carried out the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, and placed the remainder of the country under occupation by Russian troops.
The Second Partition was far more injurious than the first. Russia received a vast area of eastern Poland, extending southward nearly to the Black Sea. To the west, Prussia received an area that became known as South Prussia, nearly twice the size of its First Partition gains along the Baltic, as well as the port of Danzig (Gdańsk). Poland's neighbors thus reduced the Commonwealth to a rump state and signaled their intention to abolish it altogether at their convenience.
The Kościuszko Uprising, a great Polish revolt, broke out in 1794 under the leadership of Tadeusz Kościuszko, a military officer who had rendered notable service in the American Revolution. Kościuszko's ragtag insurgent armies won some initial successes, but they eventually fell before the superior forces of Russian General Alexander Suvorov. In the wake of the insurrection of 1794, Russia, Prussia, and Austria carried out the third and final partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1795, erasing the Commonwealth of Two Nations from the map and pledging to never allow its return.
Much of Europe condemned the dismemberment as an international crime without historical parallel. Amid the distractions of the French Revolution and its attendant wars however, no state actively opposed the final annexations. In the long term, the dissolution of Poland-Lithuania upset the traditional European balance of power, dramatically magnifying the influence of Russia and paving the way for the powerful Germany that would emerge in the nineteenth century with Prussia at its core. For the Poles, the Third Partition began a period of continuous foreign rule that would endure for well over a century.
See also
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648)
History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)
History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)
List of Polish rulers
List of nobles
Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland (1763–1794)
References
- Poland.
Further reading
The Cambridge History of Poland (two vols., 1941–1950) online edition vol 1 to 1696
Butterwick, Richard, ed. The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795. Palgrave, 2001. 249 pp. online edition
Davies, Norman. Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford University Press, 1984. 511 pp. excerpt and text search
Davies, Norman. God's Playground: A History of Poland. 2 vol. Columbia U. Press, 1982. 1,189 pp.; highly detailed, well-written narrative but criticized by some specialists online excerpts and search at Amazon.com; vol 1 to 1795
Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
Stone, Daniel. The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795. U. of Washington Press, 2001. 374 pp.
External links
Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures: Poland's Heritage
300 maps of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
01
.Poland
1569
16th century in Poland
17th century in Poland
18th century in Poland |
6899696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20Heroes | Relative Heroes | Relative Heroes was a limited comic book series published by DC Comics in six issues, from March 2000 through October 2000. It revolved around a family of orphaned children who become superheroes. The team first appears in Relative Heroes #1 (March 2000), by Devin K. Grayson and Yvel Guichet.
History
After their parents are killed in a traffic accident, the super-powered Weinberg children travel across country to Metropolis in order to find Superman. The children are hunted by three superpowered D.E.O. operatives named Girth, Napalm & Kittyhawk. The D.E.O. eventually capture the kids and reveal to Cameron that he and Chloe were never in fact human or metahuman, and that Cameron is actually a member of a race of alien shapeshifters known as the "Es".
Members
Joel Aaron Weinberg (Houston) - No superhuman talents.
Aviva Joby Weinberg (Temper) - Aviva possessed powers to generate electricity.
Damara Sinclaire (Allure) - Charmed by the god Eryx with mystic pheromones and other powers of persuasion in return for her hand in marriage.
Tyson Gilford (Blindside) - Adopted African-American brother who believes he is the grandson of the Invisible Hood, Tyson can become invisible at will.
Cameron Begay (Omni) - Adopted brother who like Synch of Generation X, can mimic the powers of others. Member of an alien race known as the "Es".
Chloe - Cameron's plant. Member of an alien race known as the "Es".
External links
Cosmic Teams: Relative Heroes
Religion of Comic Book Characters: Houston
Religion of Comic Book Characters: Temper
Gay League profiles: Houston
DC Comics titles
DC Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
DC Comics superhero teams
Superheroes who are adopted |
20465372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauri%20Asikainen | Lauri Asikainen | Lauri Asikainen (born 28 May 1989) is a Finnish Nordic combined athlete. He was born in Savonlinna, and made his senior Nordic combined debut in 2009, at the world championships in Liberec. He was previously a ski jumper, winning team bronze in 2007 at the World Junior Championships in Tarvisio.
References
External links
Lauri Asikainen's web site
1989 births
Living people
People from Savonlinna
Finnish male ski jumpers
Finnish male Nordic combined skiers
Sportspeople from South Savo |
6899697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%2BC%20Development%20and%20Cooperation | D+C Development and Cooperation | D+C Development and Cooperation is a monthly English language journal funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. It claims is to provide a credible forum of debate involving government, civil society, and academia at an international level. All articles are available online.
D+C is the identical twin of "E+Z Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit", the leading German language publication on global development issues. D+C and E+Z share the same content. Their total circulation was 24.000 in July 2006.
References
External links
Official site
English-language magazines
Political magazines published in Germany
Monthly magazines published in Germany
Magazines with year of establishment missing |
6899698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeline%20Trail | Evangeline Trail | The Evangeline Trail is a scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
It is located in the western part of the province, bringing visitors to the Minas Basin, the Annapolis Valley and the Gulf of Maine. The route connects Mount Uniacke in Hants County with Yarmouth at the Bay Ferries terminal where ferries connect to Maine in the United States.
The route measures .
Name
The route is named after the principal character in the epic poem Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The region from Yarmouth to Halifax via the Annapolis Valley was first connected by the Dominion Atlantic Railway, which is credited with instigating the province's nascent tourism industry during the early 20th century; the DAR was titled "The Land of Evangeline Route" and the Evangeline Trail pays homage to this transport predecessor.
Communities include
Lower Sackville
Mount Uniacke
Windsor
Hantsport
Wolfville
New Minas
Kentville
Berwick
Aylesford
Kingston
Middleton
Lawrencetown
Bridgetown
Annapolis Royal
Digby
Weymouth
Church Point
Meteghan
Yarmouth
Parks
Oaklawn Farm Zoo
Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens
Museums
Uniacke Estate Museum
Shand House Museum
Fort Edward National Historic Site
Halliburton House Museum
Grand Pre National Historic Site
Randall House Museum
Greenwood Military Museum
MacDonald Museum
North Hills Museum
Fort Anne National Historic Site
Habitation at Port-Royal
St. Mary's Church (Church Point)
Firefighters' Museum of Nova Scotia
Yarmouth County Museum
Highways
Trunk 1
Highway 101
External links
Evangeline Trail
Literary inspiration. Westworld Alberta
Roads in Hants County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Kings County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Digby County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Yarmouth County
Scenic travelways in Nova Scotia |
20465388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market%20Place%20Shopping%20Center | Market Place Shopping Center | Market Place Shopping Center is an enclosed shopping mall located in Champaign, Illinois, US. The mall's anchor stores are Dick's Sporting Goods, Field & Stream, JCPenney, Macy's, and Costco Wholesale. It is the second largest enclosed shopping mall in Central Illinois.
History
The mall opened in 1975 and was originally anchored by Sears, JCPenney, and Bergner's.
The shopping center acquired a Tuscany-themed Italian villa setting as part of a renovation and expansion project, completed in August 1999. This project added on a Famous-Barr department store and brought the mall up to of gross leasable area.
In May 2004, JCPenney, which had left the property and the region five years earlier, re-entered the mall as an anchor. In 2006, Famous-Barr rebranded as Macy's following Macy's takeover of May Department Stores, Famous-Barr's parent company.
In 2013, it was announced that Sears would be closing in 2014. Sears had operated in Champaign continuously since 1928, and had been an original anchor at the mall's 1975 opening. The store was demolished. Dick's Sporting Goods and Field & Stream built on that space in October 2015. On January 12, 2018 it was announced that Loft would be closing its store at the mall on January 27. On January 24, 2018 it was announced that H&M would move into the mall. The store will move into the Dick's Sporting Goods wing. The store will move into the Gymboree store, the former Banana Republic store, a temporary Christmas store and the Forever 21 store. Gymboree closed at the end of January. Forever 21 will temporarily move into the JCPenney wing before returning to a new permanent store in the Dick's Sporting Goods wing. It will move into the Payless ShoeSource space, the former European Famous Brands store and the Day Spa. Payless ShoeSource is moving into the vacant Loft store. Day Spa is moving into the MasterCuts space which closed on January 26.
Bergner's closed in August 2018, as part of the closure of the entire Bon-Ton department store network. In April 2019, it was announced that Costco Wholesale would replace the former Bergner's space by constructing a new store in place of the existing structure. Costco opened at the mall in October 2020. Old Navy and LensCrafters have moved to other parts of the mall in order to cut the mall's square footage by 14,000 sq. ft. for the construction of the Costco.
References
Shopping malls in Illinois
Buildings and structures in Champaign, Illinois
Tourist attractions in Champaign County, Illinois
Shopping malls established in 1976 |
6899706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Roth%20%28musician%29 | Peter Roth (musician) | Peter Roth (Hebrew: פיטר רוט; born on September 17, 1974) is an Israeli singer and record producer, and a member of the Israeli rock band Monica Sex.
Biography
Roth was born in Bat Yam to a musician couple. His father, a member in an Israeli army band, taught Peter to play the guitar at a young age. Roth played basketball in high school, but he wasn't tall enough to be good at it; he then took music lessons instead. Roth was a member of a few teenage bands, in which he met Shachar Even-Tzur.
In the middle of the 90s, Roth joined Monica Sex, which already included Even-Tzur, Yahaly Sobol and Yossi Khamami. The band had many performances in Tel Aviv, garnered a following, and signed a contract with Hed Artzi. In 1995 the band released the album Ptzaim Veneshikot (Wounds and Kisses), which sold a few tens of thousands of copies. In 1996 the band moved to New York City. After a year and half they disbanded.
Roth came back to Israel and worked as a guitarist in bands of other artists, such as Eviatar Banai, Maor Cohen and Yahaly Sobol. He was also member of the bands HaZvuvim (The Flies) and Malkat HaPlakat (Queen of the Placard) and started to work as a producer.
In 2001, Monica Sex reunited and recorded the album Yehasim Ptuhim (Open Relationships). In 2003 the band worked with Shalom Hanoch, and later that year released its third album, Haiot Mahmad (Pets).
Roth started to work on a solo album in 2003 along with Dan Toren. He also worked with Arik Einstein, Izhar Ashdot and Maor Cohen.
In 2005, Roth released a single from his album Hi Ohevet (She Loves). By the end of that year, he had released the self-titled album, which won the ACUM Prize.
In 2006 he released the album Regaim (Moments) with Arik Einstein.
Discography
Monica Sex
Ptzaim VeNeshikot (Wounds and Kisses) – 1995
Yehasim Ptuhim (Open Relationships) – 2001
Haiot Mahmad (Pets) – 2003
Other
Solo Album: Peter Roth – 2005
With Arik Einstein: Regaim (Moments) – 2006
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
People from Bat Yam
20th-century Israeli male singers
Israeli record producers
Israeli people of Romanian-Jewish descent
21st-century Israeli male singers |
17327678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Copa%20Libertadores | 1979 Copa Libertadores | The 1979 Copa Libertadores represented the 20th edition of the tournament, which saw Olimpia of Paraguay win the title for the first time, the first time a team from a country outside Uruguay, Argentina or Brazil won the tournament. This allowed the Paraguayan side to play the Intercontinental Cup against Malmö FF of Sweden, in which the South American side won.
Qualified teams
Argentina
Boca Juniors (1978 Libertadores Champion)
Independiente (Champion of Campeonato Nacional Argentino 1978)
Quilmes (Champion of Campeonato Metropolitano Argentino 1978)
Bolivia
Bolívar (Champion of Campeonato Boliviano 1978)
Jorge Wilsterman (Runners-up of Campeonato Boliviano 1978)
Brazil
Guarani (Champion of Campeonato Brasileiro 1978)
Palmeiras (Runners-up of Campeonato Brasileiro 1978)
Chile
Palestino (Champion of Campeonato Chileno 1978)
O’Higgins (Winner Liga Pre-Libertadores 1978)
Colombia
Millonarios (Champion of 1978 Campeonato Profesional)
Deportivo Cali (Runners-up of 1978 Campeonato Profesional)
Ecuador
El Nacional (Champion of Campeonato Ecuatoriano 1978)
Técnico Universitario (Runners-up of Campeonato Ecuatoriano 1978)
Paraguay
Olimpia (Champion of Campeonato Paraguayo 1978)
Sol de América (Runners-up of Campeonato Paraguayo 1978)
Peru
Alianza Lima (Champion of Campeonato Peruano 1978)
Universitario (Runners-up of Campeonato Peruano 1978)
Uruguay
Peñarol (Champion of Liga Pre-Libertadores 1978)
Nacional (Runners-up of Liga Pré-Libertadores 1978)
Venezuela
Portuguesa (Champion of Campeonato Venezuelano 1978)
Galicia (Runners-up of Campeonato Venezuelano 1978)
Group stage
Boca Juniors, of Argentina skips to semifinals as current champions.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Semifinals
Group A
Group B
Finals
Champion
Top-scorers
6 goles
Juan José Oré (Universitario)
Miltäo (Guaraní)
External links
Sitio oficial de la CONMEBOL
Libertadores 1979 at RSSSF.com
1
Copa Libertadores seasons |
17327699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosvenor%20Shopping%20Centre | Grosvenor Shopping Centre | The Grosvenor Shopping Centre (for a time known as The Mall Grosvenor or The Mall Chester) is a large shopping precinct in Chester, England. It hosts around 70 stores. Whereas most of the central shopping area of Chester consists of historic streets, The Mall provides undercover shopping to complement the wide range of shops in other locations around the city. It consists of some Edwardian buildings with modern covered shopping malls. It was owned by The Mall Fund, and carried their corporate branding. It was sold sometime in 2009 and the name Grosvenor Shopping Centre reinstated by the new owners.
References
Shopping centres in Cheshire
Buildings and structures in Chester
Shops in Chester |
6899708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Cod%20Commission | Cape Cod Commission | The Cape Cod Commission is a regional planning authority and department of Barnstable County. It was created in 1990 by an Act of the Massachusetts General Court and confirmed by a majority of county voters.
In the wake of an unprecedented growth boom in the 1980s, the Cape Cod Commission Act found that the region known as Cape Cod (a geographic region largely co-extensive with Barnstable County) possesses unique natural, coastal, historical, cultural and other values which are threatened by uncoordinated or inappropriate uses of the region's land and other resources.
The Commission was established as a regional planning and regulatory agency to prepare and implement a regional land use policy plan for all of Cape Cod, review and regulate Developments of Regional Impact, and recommend designation of certain areas as Districts of Critical Planning Concern. It is funded by the Cape Cod Environmental Protection Fund.
Commission composition
The Commission is made up of 19 members representing each of Barnstable County's 15 towns as well as the County Commissioners, minorities, Native Americans, and a governor's appointee. The members are citizen volunteers who guide a professional staff to plan for Cape Cod's future growth, provide technical assistance to towns, review and vote on major developments and act as the Commission's liaison to their communities.
Commission planners and technical staff have expertise in a wide variety of areas including: landscape architecture, land use planning, economic development, affordable housing, historic preservation, wetland and wildlife resources, water resources, coastal resources, waste management, transportation planning, and computer mapping.
The Commission's work is divided into three major areas: planning and community development, technical services, and regulation.
References
External links
. (Various documents).
Barnstable County website
Government of Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Land management in the United States
Environment of Massachusetts |
23573419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor%20Jupiter | Sailor Jupiter | , better known as , is a fictional character in the Sailor Moon manga series created by Naoko Takeuchi. Makoto is her sailor form's alternative human identity as part of the Sailor Soldiers, female supernatural fighters who protect the Solar System from evil.
In the series, Makoto is the third Sailor Soldier to be discovered by Usagi Tsukino, and serves as the "coordinator" of the group, as she possesses superhuman strength, as well as powers associated with electricity and plants.
Aside from the main body of the Sailor Moon series, Makoto features in her own manga short story, The Melancholy of Mako-chan. A number of image songs mentioning her character have been released as well, including the contents of three different CD singles.
Profile
Makoto's strong, independent personality is hinted at in her most striking physical feature—her unusual height (5'6" or 1.68 meters). She is stated at her first appearance in the series to be very tall, and considerable notice is taken in the original Japanese versions, although this trait is downplayed in English translations (as her relative height is not all that uncommon in most Europeans). She is strong, and was rumoured to have been kicked out of her previous school for fighting. She is introduced to the series after transferring to Azabu Jūban Junior High, where Usagi Tsukino and Ami Mizuno are students, and where she stands out all the more because her school uniform is different from everyone else's; unable to find anything in her size, her school's administration tells her to wear her old one. It has a long skirt, which when coupled with her hair, was a common visual cue for a tough or delinquent girl at the time the series was created. However, unlike these delinquent girls, her reddish, wavy hair is natural. Despite her tough appearance, she is very gentle. She always wears pink rose earrings and a green hair tie that decorates her ponytail.
One of the most consistent characters across the many versions of the series, Makoto is always depicted as simultaneously the most determined of the four Guardian Soldiers. Her most closely held dream is to get married and own a cake and flower shop. After entering high school, she also joins the cooking and gardening clubs.
Her domestic talents are explained as a deliberate effort to overcome her tomboyishness. In the live-action series she enjoys shopping, but eschews "girly" things (she can be seen shopping for basketball shoes in one scene, for instance); she cooks, but also physically overpowers delinquents; she reorganizes her home, but does so with a sledgehammer. She also excels in dancing, especially ice-skating. She insists that she is not the least bit feminine, and seems surprised and touched when someone tells her she is.
This dual nature comes from a need to be self-sufficient: her parents died in an aviation accident as a child and she has since then looked after herself. She is self-sufficient almost to a fault, and gets shocked when an airplane passes overhead. In the anime adaptation, Makoto lives alone. In Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, Makoto's parents' death is told in a flashback in Act 6, but how they died is not mentioned.
Makoto has at least one former boyfriend, which is the importance of this subplot. Her senpai is mentioned only once or twice. In the anime adaptation Makoto is extremely boy-crazy. Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon is an integral part of why Makoto feels she needs to be alone. In each version, there are mentions of other men who were very briefly a part of her life. Makoto is generally attracted to Motoki Furuhata, especially in the anime, but only in the live-action show do they become close. By the end of the direct-to-DVD Special Act, they are engaged to be married.
Aspects and forms
As a character with different incarnations, special powers, transformations and extended longevity; a really long ageless lifetime virtually spanned between the Silver Millennium era and the 30th Century, Makoto gains multiple aspects and aliases as the series progresses.
Sailor Jupiter
Makoto's Soldier identity is Sailor Jupiter. She wears a sailor suit colored in green and pink, with rose-shaped earrings in green, laced-up boots with height just above the ankles. In the manga and live-action series she has a belt carrying a small ball of potpourri. She is given specific titles throughout the various series, including "Soldier of Protection", "Herculean Jupiter", "Soldier of Thunder and Courage", and "Soldier of Caring". Her personality is no different from when she is a civilian, although certain powers are unavailable to her in that form.
In Japanese, the name for the planet Jupiter is , the first kanji meaning 'wood' and the second indicating a celestial object. Although the Roman planet-name is used, Sailor Jupiter's dominant element is wood due to this aspect of Japanese mythology. Unusually, most of her attacks are based on her secondary power, lightning, which is in reference to the Roman god Jupiter. She is by far the most skilled of the Sailor Soldiers, able to lift a full-grown man above her head, even while ice skating or to stop a stone pillar from falling. In the early manga, she always has a short antenna coming from her tiara, which serves as a lightning rod; eventually this takes on the same role as in the anime, and extends upward only when she summons lightning. It does not appear in the live-action series.
Sailor Jupiter gains additional special abilities and powers, and at key points her Sailor Soldier uniform changes to reflect this. The first change takes place in Act 37 of the manga, when she obtains the Jupiter Crystal and her outfit becomes similar to that of Super Sailor Moon. She is not given a new title. A similar event is divided between Episodes 143 and 154 of the anime, and she is given the name Super Sailor Jupiter. A third form appears in Act 42 of the manga, unnamed but analogous to Eternal Sailor Moon (sans wings). In the official visual book for Sailor Moon Eternal, this form was named "Eternal Sailor Jupiter".
Princess Jupiter
In Silver Millennium, Sailor Jupiter was also the Princess of her home planet. She was among those given the duty of protecting [[Sailor Moon
(character)#Princess Serenity|Princess Serenity]] of the Moon Kingdom. As Princess Jupiter, she dwelt in Io Castle and wore a green gown—she appears in this form in the original manga, as well as in supplementary art. Naoko Takeuchi once drew her in the arms of Nephrite, but no further romantic link between them was established in the manga or the first anime adaptation. However, in Sailor Moon Crystal it is clearly stated that Sailor Jupiter and Nephrite were in love at the time of the Moon Kingdom.<ref>Sailor Moon Crystal act #12 "Enemy –Queen Metalia"</ref> This is also established in the stage musicals, and it is implied in the Another Story video game.
Special powers and items
Makoto is portrayed as unusually strong for a teenage girl, but like the other Sailor Soldiers, she must transform in order to gain access to her celestial powers. She transforms into a Sailor Soldier by raising a special device (pen, bracelet, wand, or crystal) into the air and shouting a special phrase, originally "Jupiter Power, Make-up!" As she becomes more powerful and obtains new transformation devices, this phrase changes to evoke Jupiter Star, Planet, or Crystal Power. In both anime, Sailor Jupiter's transformation sequence evolves slightly over time, whether to update the background images or to accommodate changes to her uniform or a new transformation device, but they all involve electric charges forming an atom path which encircles her body.
In the manga, Sailor Jupiter's first named attack is Flower Hurricane, which is immediately followed by calling down lightning. Emphasis is quickly placed upon her electric-based powers, and these are the norm in all versions of the series. Her primary attack for the first story arc and most of the second is Supreme Thunder, for which she calls down lightning from the sky with a tiny lightning rod that extends from the stone on her tiara (or, in the live-action series, with her leg). Sometimes, before performing the attack she would call out "Waga shugo Mokusei yo! Arashi wo okose! Kumo wo yobe! Ikazuchi wo furaseyo!" (我が守護木星よ！嵐を起こせ！雲を呼べ！雷を降らせよ！; My guardian Jupiter! Brew a storm! Call the clouds! Bring down the lightning!). Although she channels this power, she is not immune to its effects, and can use her body to focus the electricity in a suicide move. It is upgraded twice for one-off attacks in the anime series: once to Supreme Thunder Dragon, and much later to Super Supreme Thunder.
In the second story arc Sailor Jupiter gains Sparkling Wide Pressure, an attack consisting of a lightning ball which, aside from a manga-only power called Jupiter Coconut Cyclone, remains her primary attack for the rest of the second story arc, all of the third, and much of the fourth. When she takes on her second Soldier form (Super Sailor Jupiter in the anime), she acquires a special item, a wreath of oak leaves, which is described in the manga as "the emblem of thunder and lightning." It appears in her hair and enables her to use Jupiter Oak Evolution.
Sailor Jupiter's earrings, large pink roses, are occasionally significant. She wears them in both her Soldier and civilian forms, and can use them as a projectile weapon if she needs to. When they first meet in the manga, Usagi thinks the roses have a nice fragrance, and late in the anime the sight of them brings her back from temporary memory loss because it reminds her of Tuxedo Mask. Much more important, in the manga, are the Jupiter Crystal and Leaves of Oak. The former is Makoto's Sailor Crystal and the source of all of her power, which becomes especially important in the fifth story arc. In the live-action series, she frequently uses unnamed electric attacks, and is given a tambourine-like weapon (the Sailor Star Tambo) by Artemis. In the final episode, the Tambo transforms into a lance.
Development
Makoto is present in the original proposal for a hypothetical Codename: Sailor V anime, but her name is given as Mamoru Chino. Creator Naoko Takeuchi confirms that this character eventually became Makoto, and writes that the original concept was quite different—Makoto was not only tough, but in fact was meant to be the leader of a female gang as well as a smoker. A very similar name was later given to the series' male protagonist, Mamoru Chiba.
Sailor Jupiter's original costume design, like the others', was fully unique. It featured buckles, very long gloves, blue and yellow highlights, a bare lower torso, and a profusion of thin, dark pink ribbons—along with a face-plate and communicator. Later, Takeuchi was surprised by these sketches and stated that she did not remember drawing them. Her instructions to the animators included a note that Makoto should appear muscular, "a little meatier than normal."
The kanji of Makoto's surname translate as and . The Japanese word for Jupiter is 木星, which literally translates as "wood planet," and is referenced in her last name. Her given name is in hiragana and therefore difficult to translate. Possible meanings include "truth", "fidelity", and "sincerity". The given name "Makoto," however, is a unisex name usually given to boys, but is sometimes given to girls; its use here highlights Makoto's tomboyishness.
Actresses
In the original Japanese series, Makoto is voiced by Emi Shinohara in the original series, and by Ami Koshimizu in Sailor Moon Crystal and all media since.
In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, her name was changed to "Lita" and was voiced by Susan Roman. In the Viz Media English adaptation, her voice is supplied by Amanda C. Miller.
In the stage musicals, Makoto has been portrayed by 13 actresses: Noriko Kamiyama, Marie Sada, Takako Inayoshi, Emika Satoh, Akari Tonegawa, Chiho Oyama (whose older sister Anza was the first to play Sailor Moon), Emi Kuriyama, Yuriko Hayashi, Ayano Sugimoto, Kaori Sakata, Karina Okada, Mai Watanabe, Yu Takahashi, Kaede., Ami Noujo, Minami Umezawa, Kie Obana, Kanna Matsuzaki and Shio Yamazaki
In Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, Makoto is played by Mew Azama. Also, child actress Misho Narumi portrays Makoto in flashbacks, dream sequences, and childhood photos.
Reception and influence
The official Sailor Moon'' character popularity polls listed Makoto Kino and Sailor Jupiter as separate entities. In 1992, readers ranked them at eleventh and fifth respectively, out of thirty eight choices. One year later, now with fifty choices, Jupiter dropped to the eleventh most popular while Makoto was twelfth most popular. In 1994, with fifty one choices, Sailor Jupiter was the seventeenth most popular character and Makoto was eighteenth. In early 1996, with fifty one choices, Makoto was the twenty third most popular character and Jupiter was the twenty seventh.
A five-book series was published, one book on each of the Sailor Soldiers and Sailor Moon. Makoto's was released in 1996. This book was later translated into English by Mixx.
See also
Jupiter in fiction
Jupiter (mythology)
Zeus
Thor
References
Comics characters introduced in 1992
Fiction set on Jupiter
Fictional characters with electric or magnetic abilities
Fictional characters with plant abilities
Fictional chefs
Fictional female martial artists
Fictional high school students
Fictional middle school students
Martial artist characters in anime and manga
Orphan characters in anime and manga
Jupiter
Teenage characters in anime and manga |
23573423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17H22N2O | C17H22N2O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C17H22N2O}}
The molecular formula C17H22N2O may refer to:
4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzhydrol
Doxylamine, a sedative antihistamine
5-MeO-DALT, or N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine
Molecular formulas |
17327726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq%20Niazi | Tariq Niazi | Tariq Masood Niazi (15 March 1940 – 20 April 2008) was a Pakistani field hockey player between 1961 and 1969 and member of the Olympic team. Niazi was part of the 1964 games in Tokyo where they won a silver medal and the 1968 games in Mexico City where they won the gold. He competed in the Asian Games. Mianwali’s municipal hockey stadium was renamed Tariq Niazi Hockey Stadium in Niazi's honor.
Niazi died on 20 April 2008 of a cardiac arrest.
References
External links
Tariq Niazi – databaseOlympics Page
Pakistan Hockey Team
1940 births
2008 deaths
Pakistani male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players of Pakistan
Olympic gold medalists for Pakistan
Olympic silver medalists for Pakistan
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1962 Asian Games
Field hockey players at the 1966 Asian Games
Pashtun people
Asian Games gold medalists for Pakistan
Asian Games silver medalists for Pakistan
Medalists at the 1962 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1966 Asian Games |
23573433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelis%20ophioglossoides | Stelis ophioglossoides | Stelis ophioglossoides is a species of orchid native to east Cuba, French Guiana, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, and the Windward Islands. It is the type species of the genus Stelis.
References
ophioglossoides
Flora of Cuba
Flora of French Guiana
Flora of the Leeward Islands
Flora of Trinidad and Tobago
Flora of Venezuela
Flora of the Windward Islands
Orchids of South America
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Plants described in 1800 |
23573456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H16N2O8 | C10H16N2O8 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C10H16N2O8}}
The molecular formula C10H16N2O8 (molar mass: 292.24 g/mol, exact mass: 292.0907 u) may refer to:
EDDS
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
6899717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Morgan%20%28musician%29 | Tom Morgan (musician) | Thomas Martin Morgan (born 3 March 1970) is an Australian musician and songwriter. He fronts the 1990s indie pop group, Smudge (1991–present). He has written or co-written (with Evan Dando) songs for Boston power pop group, the Lemonheads. Morgan's other bands include Sneeze (1991–present), The Givegoods, Godstar (1991–95), Tofu Kok and Bambino Koresh (ca. 2012). He married Argentine-Spanish musician, Leticia Nischang (Sneeze, Bambino Koresh). As of September 2010, Morgan and Nischang were living in Maitland.
On 4 March 2013 Morgan issued his solo album, Orange Syringe, with Nischang providing backing vocals.
Discography
Orange Syringe (4 March 2013) Fire Records (FIRECD292, FV292LP)
Local Knowledge (2001) Lake Midgeon (LMD001)
References
External links
An Interview with Tom Morgan at Oz Music Project, archived here
Interview with Tom Morgan at evandando.co.uk (December 2005)
1970 births
Living people
People from Maitland, New South Wales
Australian singer-songwriters
21st-century Australian singers |
17327736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20Farm%20Twins | Home Farm Twins | Home Farm Twins is a series of children's books written by Jenny Oldfield. The books were later successfully adapted into a television series for the BBC, with Polly Duniam and Sophie Duniam cast as the twins. The television series proved so popular that the books were re-packaged as TV tie-ins.
The books
Speckle the Stray
Sinbad the Runaway
Solo the Homeless
Susie the Orphan
Spike the Tramp
Snip and Snap the Truants
Sunny the Hero
Socks the Survivor
Stevie the Rebel
Samson the Giant
Sultan the Patient
Sorrel the Substitute
Skye the Champion
Sugar and Spice the Pickpockets
Sophie the Show-Off
Silky the Foundling
Scott the Braveheart
Spot the Prisoner
Shelley the Shadow
Star the Surprise
Specials
Scruffy the Scamp
Stanley the Troublemaker
Smokey the Mystery
Stalky the Mascot
Samantha the Snob
At Stonelea
Mitch goes Missing
Maisea wants her Mum
Mac Climbs a Mountain
Television series
The television series ran for three seasons from 7 January 1999 until 30 March 2000 with repeats of the three seasons shown in 2001.
Home Farm Twins follows the adventures of twins Hannah and Helen around the local countryside in this series dramatized by Elly Brewer from the Home Farm books by Jenny Oldfield.
The first season started with the Moore family moving from London to the country village of Doveton. Hannah is a dreamer and an idealist, much more 'girly' than her tomboy sister Helen, who is more outspoken, daring and sarcastic.
The girls quickly got to know the locals and began a long-term friendship with Sam from Crackpot Farm who teased them for being 'townies' but still loved to join in their adventures but Sam had dreams elsewhere and dropped a bombshell on the twins during Season 3 by announcing he was to leave Doveton.
The twins' mother, Mary, is famous for making cakes at the Curlew Cafe which is the business she started up after moving to Doveton, while her husband, David, is a wildlife photographer and studies animals. The twins' parents had a baby girl during Season 3. The girls learned that animals were no longer the only ones who needed looking after and promptly watched their baby sister on numerous occasions, getting into big trouble for regular accidents involving their methods. The final season broadcast on the BBC ended with the twins facing the realities of growing up and looking back at their time spent living on Home Farm and wondering what life had in store for them next.
Television series cast
Polly Duniam as Hannah Moore
Sophie Duniam as Helen Moore
Jacquetta May as Mary Moore
Martin Ball as David Moore
Ben Evans as Sam
References
External links
1999 British television series debuts
2000 British television series endings
1990s British children's television series
2000s British children's television series
Series of children's books
British children's novels
BBC children's television shows
English-language television shows |
23573458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20ICF%20Canoe%20Slalom%20World%20Championships | 1963 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships | The 1963 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Spittal, Austria under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 8th edition. The women's folding K1 team event resumed after being absent from the program at 1961 championships.
Medal summary
Men's
Canoe
Kayak
Mixed
Canoe
Women's
Kayak
Medals table
References
External links
International Canoe Federation
1963 in Austrian sport
1963 in canoeing
1963
International sports competitions hosted by Austria |
6899718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazeau%20River | Brazeau River | The Brazeau River is a river in western Alberta, Canada. It is a major tributary of the North Saskatchewan River.
The river was named for Joseph Brazeau, a linguist associated with the Palliser Expedition.
Course
The river originates in the heights of the Canadian Rockies from Brazeau Lake (which is fed by creeks that flow from Coronet Glacier and the Queen Elizabeth Ranges) and flows east through the Rocky Mountains foothills until it merges into the North Saskatchewan River between Drayton Valley and Rocky Mountain House at Brazeau Forks.
The upper course runs eastwards from Jasper National Park into Brazeau Canyon Wildland Provincial Park. The O'Chiese First Nation is established at the confluence with Nordegg River.
The total length of the river is . The river, and various other local geographic features, were named after Joseph Brazeau, a Missouri-born fur trader working for the Hudson's Bay Company in the area between 1852 and 1864.
Hydroelectric development
The Brazeau River has long been seen as a potential site for hydroelectric power generation. The earliest scheme to harness the power of the river was hatched in 1913 and involved a dam and storage on Brazeau Lake. The potential power generation was estimated at 5,000 to 10,000 kilovolt-amperes, and power would have been transmitted to Edmonton and Calgary, both roughly from the generator (this was a relatively ambitious plan: long-distance transmission was not common at the time). The plan was scuttled after the discovery of a large underflow at Brazeau Lake, precluding its use as a storage facility.
The Brazeau Reservoir was created on the lower course through the construction of the Brazeau Dam. Its hydroelectric power plant is Alberta's largest, with a capacity of 355 megawatts and an annual production of about 394,000 megawatt hours of electrical energy.
An unusual feature of this hydroelectric development, commissioned in 1965, is a pump system capable of lifting water from the reservoir into the long canal leading to the power plant so that it can operate at low reservoir water levels.
Tributaries
Boulder Creek
Four Point Creek
Brazeau Lake
John-John Creek
Upper Longview Lake
Job Creek
Whisker Creek, Whisker Lakes, Job Lake, Leah Lake, Samson Lake
Isaac Creek
Race Creek
Southesk River
Southesk Lake
Thistle Creek
Chimney Creek
Marshybank Creek
Marshybank Lake
Canyon Creek
Moosehound Creek
Cardinal River
Blackstone River
Elk River
Nordegg River
See also
Geography of Alberta
List of Alberta rivers
References
External links
Rivers of Alberta
North Saskatchewan River |
23573460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelis%20scabrida | Stelis scabrida | Stelis scabrida is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands. It was first described by John Lindley in 1840.
References
scabrida
Flora of the Leeward Islands
Flora of the Windward Islands
Plants described in 1840 |
23573467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BDkev | Býkev | Býkev is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Jenišovice is an administrative part of Býkev.
History
The first written mention of Býkev is from 1392. Jenišovice was founded around 1250. For centuries, agriculture has been the main livelihood of the inhabitants. That did not change until 1994, when the State Farm ceased to exist.
Transport
The interstate I/16 road passes through Býkev. The railway line Kralupy nad Vltavou–Roudnice nad Labem goes through the municipality, but there is no railway station. The municipality is served only by bus.
Sights
The landmark of Býkov is the monument to the victims of World War I, built in the form of the Czech Lion (heraldic symbol of the Czech Republic) in 1918–1920.
References
External links
Villages in Mělník District |
6899722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikolahi | Ikolahi | Ikolahi is a village in Khanna tehsil in Ludhiana district of Punjab State, India. It is located 39 km to the east of
District headquarters Ludhiana. 7 km from Khanna. 68 km
from State capital Chandigarh
Ikolahi Pin code is 141401 and postal head office is
Khanna.
Libra (2 km), Bhamadi (2 km), Daudpur (2 km),
Rasulra (2 km), Chakohi (3 km) are the nearby villages to Ikolahi.
Caste Factor
In Ikolahi village, most of the villagers are from
Jatt caste. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 41.36% of total population in Ikolahi village.
Work Profile
In Ikolahi village out of total population, 732 were
engaged in work activities. 90.71% of workers describe
their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more
than 6 Months) while 9.29% were involved in Marginal
activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of
732 workers engaged in Main Work, 147 were
cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 50 were
Agricultural labourer.
Population
The Ikolahi village has population of 1874 of
which 984 are males while 890 are females as per
Population Census 2011.
In Ikolahi village population of children with age 0-6 is
205 which makes up 10.94% of total population of
village.
Average Sex Ratio of Ikolahi village is 904 which
is higher than Punjab state average of 895. Child Sex
Ratio for the Ikolahi as per census is 864, higher than
Punjab average of 846.
Ikolahi village has higher literacy rate compared to
Punjab. In 2011, literacy rate of Ikolahi village was 78.85% compared to 75.84% of Punjab. In Ikolahi Male literacy stands at 82.95% while female literacy rate
was 74.34%.
Panchyat
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act,
Ikolahi village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of
Village) S. BIR SINGH
Education
Delhi public school khanna (DPS khanna) is located in Ikolahi. It is a branch of Delhi Public School. It offers full 12th grade tuition for students.
Ikolahi has a government school up to 8th grade. This school also has a play yard. Additionally, within Ikolahi there is also Gurukul public school, which is up to 10th class. There are many scientific amenities and cultural activities for students at Gurukul public school.
External links
http://wikimapia.org/12376999/IKOLAHI-ਇਕੋਲਾਹੀ
http://villagemap.in/punjab/ludhiana/khanna/795500.html
Villages in Ludhiana district |
6899732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull%20My%20Daisy%20%28poem%29 | Pull My Daisy (poem) | "Pull My Daisy" is a poem by Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Neal Cassady. It was written in the late 1940s in a similar way to the Surrealist “exquisite corpse” game, with one person writing the first line, the other writing the second, and so on sequentially with each person only being shown the line before.
It provided the title for the film Pull My Daisy, which was narrated by Kerouac, and featured Ginsberg and other writers, artists and actors of the Beat Generation. It was based on an event in the life of Cassady. The poem also featured in a jazz composition by David Amram, which appeared in the opening of the film.
"Pull My Daisy" can be found published in various forms in Kerouac's Scattered Poems and Ginsberg's Collected Poems.
References
Poetry by Allen Ginsberg
Beat poetry
American poems
Poetry by Jack Kerouac |
23573470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora%20MacLeod%20of%20MacLeod | Flora MacLeod of MacLeod | Dame Flora MacLeod of MacLeod, (3 February 1878 – 4 November 1976) was the 28th Chief of Clan MacLeod.
Biography
Flora Louisa Cecilia MacLeod was born at 10 Downing Street, London, in 1878, the home of her grandfather Sir Stafford Northcote, who was then Chancellor of the Exchequer. Her mother was Lady Agnes Mary Cecilia Northcote and her father, Sir Reginald MacLeod, became Chief of Clan MacLeod in 1929. She was elected President of the clan's society and went to live with her father at the 800-year-old family seat, Dunvegan Castle in Skye, where she became a county councillor for Bracadale. In 1901, she married Hubert Walter, a journalist at The Times, with whom she had two daughters, Joan and Alice. Her husband, Hubert Walter, died in 1933.
Upon the death of her father in 1935, Flora MacLeod of MacLeod (as she would be thenceforth known) inherited the estate and was recognised as the 28th Chief of Clan MacLeod. Years later, to raise income, she opened Dunvegan Castle to tourists, turning it into a popular tourist attraction. Following the Second World War, she travelled widely, establishing Clan MacLeod Societies throughout the British Commonwealth.
She was created a in 1953. She lived at Dunvegan Castle until 1973 before moving to Ythan Lodge in Aberdeenshire, where she died in 1976, aged 98. She is buried in the traditional Clan MacLeod burial ground at Kilmuir, near Dunvegan. Her grandson John MacLeod of MacLeod succeeded her.
The Dame Flora MacLeod of MacLeod Trophy for Open Piobaireachd has been presented, since 1969, to the best bagpiper at the Grandfather Mountain Highland Games in North Carolina, USA.
Ancestry
Coat of arms
Her coat of arms are described thus:
Shield I and IV azure a castle triple towered and embattled argent masoned sable windowed and porched gules and II and III gules three legs in armour proper garnished and spurred Or flexed and conjoined in triangle at the upper part of the thigh.
Crest and mantle Upon a torse Or and azure, A bull's head cabossed sable horned Or between two flags gules staves sable, the mantling azure double Or.
Supporters Two lions reguardant gules armed and langued azure each holding a dagger proper
References
External links
New York Times obituary for Dame Flora MacLeod of MacLeod
National Galleries.org site
1878 births
1976 deaths
Flora
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
People from Westminster
People from the Isle of Skye
British people of Scottish descent
Anglo-Scots |
6899733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household%20Saints | Household Saints | Household Saints is a 1993 film starring Tracey Ullman, Vincent D'Onofrio and Lili Taylor. It was based on the novel by Francine Prose and directed by Nancy Savoca. The film explores the lives of three generations of Italian-American women over the course of the latter half of the 20th century. The film's executive producer is Jonathan Demme, a long-time friend of Savoca's, and her first real employer in the world of film.
Plot
The film follows the courtship and marriage of Catherine Falconetti (Ullman) to local butcher Joseph Santangelo (D'Onofrio), as well as Catherine's relationship with her overbearing Old World mother-in-law (Judith Malina).
The film also focuses on Catherine and Joseph's daughter Teresa (Taylor), a devout Catholic more similar to her superstitious grandmother than with her modernized and secularized parents. As a child and young adult she puts herself through a series of trials so that she might one day be canonized as a saint. Teresa's teenage fantasy to become a nun is strained after starting a relationship with a marriage-minded young man (Michael Imperioli).
The film explores both family dynamics over the course of time as well as, on a larger level, the relationship between religious faith in miracles and modernity.
Reception
The film was on the "Best Films" list of over 20 national critics and was nominated for a Spirit Award for Best Screenplay by Savoca and Guay. Taylor won Best Supporting Female for the film at that year's Independent Spirit Awards.
Casting
Savoca cast many favorite New York City actors for the film which was shot in DeLaurentis/Carolco (now EUE Screen Gems) Studios in Wilmington, North Carolina. The film reunited Lili Taylor with Savoca, with whom she'd previously worked on Dogfight, and Vincent D'Onofrio, with whom she'd appeared in 1988's Mystic Pizza.
Tracey Ullman and Vincent D'Onofrio, as Lili Taylor's screen parents, are only eight years older than she is.
Home media
Although the film met critical success, so far it has only been released on VHS with no public plans for a DVD release.
References
External links
1993 films
1993 comedy films
American comedy films
Films about Catholicism
Films shot in North Carolina
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Nancy Savoca
1990s English-language films
1990s American films |
23573480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By%C5%A1ice | Byšice | Byšice is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.
Etymology
The name is believed to originate from the personal name Byš.
Geography
Byšice is located about southeast of Mělník and north of Prague. It lies in the Jizera Table plateau.
History
The first written mention of Byšice is from 1321. The settlement was founded on a trade route from Mělník to Mladá Boleslav. It was an agricultural and market village, in the 19th century it was a market town.
The seal comes from the 15th or 16th century. The coat of arms is derived from this seal.
Demographics
Economy
In Byšice is located one of the most significant Czech food-producing companies, Vitana. The company was founded in 1919 as Graf and it was moved into Byšice in 1927. In 2013 it became a part of the Orkla ASA conglomerate.
A large part of the municipal territory is agricultural land, which is managed by several entities.
Sights
The most valuable building is the Church of St. John the Baptist. It is a Baroque building from 1690–1693. The church has been protected as a cultural monument.
The church is a single rectangular building. It has a rectangular, triangular-ended presbytery. There is a rectangular sacristy in the axis of the building. The façade of the church is divided by pilasters. There are niches in the side fields of the façade. In the middle of the facade is a rectangular portal with a supraport and a rectangular window with a segmental niche. In the side parts of the facade above the pilasters takes place laying. Above the middle part is a ledge. The façade is finished with a wing gable with vases, pilasters and niches. The side facades have lysine frames and semicircular windows.
The presbytery and the sacristy have a barrel vault with lunettes. The ship has a flat ceiling. There is an indistinct stucco decoration on the vault and wall of the presbytery and the semicircular triumphal arch. The walls of the nave are divided by cornice pilasters with stucco decoration. There are stucco cut fields on the ceiling of the ship.
References
External links
Villages in Mělník District |
6899739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosicles%20%28sculptor%29 | Sosicles (sculptor) | Sosicles (Ancient Greek: Σωσικλῆς) was a Roman sculptor in the mid 2nd century AD. He worked as copyist of ancient Greek masterpieces. He is known from his signature shown on a marble plinth from Tusculum and the column of a marble statue of a wounded Amazon (originally in the collection of Alessandro Albani, Inv. D19; now in the Capitoline Museums, Inv. MC 0651). The marble statue is one of the three Amazon statue types.
References
Künstlerlexikon der Antike II (2004) 411 s.v. Sosikles (R. Vollkommer).
Hans von Steuben: Die Amazone des Polyklet, in: Polykletforschungen, ed. by Herbert Beck and Dieter Bol, Berlin 1993, pp. 73-102.
External links
The Three Amazons
William Smith - The Ancient Library
AJA Online
Hellenistic sculptors |
6899740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfarfakoud | Kfarfakoud | Kfarfakoud (Kfarfakud or Kafarfakoud كفرفاقود) is a village in the Chouf district of Lebanon that lies between the valleys of the coastal Lebanese chain of mountains.
The name Kfarfakoud (as the names of other villages of Lebanon) has its origins in Syriac-aramaic language (kfar: land; fakoud: governor, landowner).
Historically it is thought that the village was located in the "Khalwat" part of mount Kfarhammil (كفرحمل) and was destroyed totally by an earthquake in the 6th century AD and was rebuilt in its new place. A well known legend is that of Ajouz Lkhair (عجوز الخير) the only person who survived the disaster. The neighborhood of the village is almost all green; it has an oak forest at the eastern side.
Altitude: 450m
Population: 2200
Main Families: Amaneddine, Nasr, Kamaldine, Zahreddine Practiced religion: Druze.
References
External links
kfarfakoud.com
Kfar Faqoud, Localiban
Populated places in Chouf District
Populated places in Lebanon |
6899744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomoko%20Ninomiya | Tomoko Ninomiya | is a Japanese manga artist, based in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In 1989, she made her debut with London Doubt Boys.
She is best known for her series Nodame Cantabile, which received the 2004 Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo manga. Nodame Cantabile has been adapted for television as both live-action dramas broadcast in 2006, 2008 and 2014 and as of 2016, 3 anime seasons.
Selected works
(1991–1995), 10 volumes, rereleased in 5 bunkoban volumes
(1994–2001), 11 volumes, rereleased in 6 bunkoban volumes
(1995–1996), 1 volume
(1995), 1 volume
(1999), 1 volume
(1998–2001), 4 volumes
(2001–2009), 24 volumes
(2011–2015)
(2011–2016)
References
1969 births
Japanese female comics artists
Living people
Manga artists
Women manga artists
Manga artists from Saitama Prefecture
Winner of Kodansha Manga Award (Shōjo)
Female comics writers |
6899752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Bradley | Warren Bradley | Warren Bradley may refer to:
Warren Bradley (footballer) (1933–2007), English footballer
Warren Bradley (politician), former leader of Liverpool City Council
Warren Ives Bradley (1847–1868), American author who wrote as Glance Gaylord |
6899761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Perfect | Peter Perfect | Peter Perfect may refer to:
Peter Perfect in the Turbo Terrific, a character in the cartoon Wacky Races
Peter Brock, Australian motor racer
Peter Gregg (racing driver), U.S. motor racer
Peter Ishkhans, judge on the makeover reality series Tease
See also
Perfect Peter, a character in the Horrid Henry stories & TV series |
6899763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Secret%20in%20the%20Old%20Attic | The Secret in the Old Attic | The Secret in the Old Attic is the twenty-first volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1944 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.
Plot Summary- 1944 edition
Nancy searches for clues to missing music manuscripts written by the late soldier Philip March. March's daughter and his father, living together on the family estate, are rapidly running out of money, and believe some of Philip's music is being sold and played on the radio. Nancy goes to his estate, Pleasant Hedges, to investigate, with the assistance of her good friends, Bess and George. They search the estate, for clues, and also find valuable antiques that they sell for Mr. March so he can get some money in the meantime. Also, her father's client, Mr. Booker, solicits her aid in his investigation of a rival company, the Dight plant, which seems to be manufacturing silk cloth using his patented methods. And what is Bushy Trott, manic scientist, doing at the Dight plant?
There is also a subplot in the original text in which Nancy is confused as to why Ned hasn't asked her out to a dance. It turns out that Diane Dight, daughter of the owner of the Dight plant, intercepts his communication asking Nancy out so that she can date Ned and another boy, also involved in the mystery, can date Nancy. At the end, Nancy is imprisoned in a room with a black widow spider, about to give her a deadly bite. But Ned and Effie Schnieder, the maid, rescue her just in time. Nancy and Ned figure out how they were tricked, and make up.
Nancy continues trying to solve both mysteries, discovering hidden songs in the process. The resolution of both cases are quite climactic.
1970 revision
The revised version, still in print, is a condensed version of the original story, which has 20 chapters instead of 25. The story is largely similar to the original, with Mr. March looking for his son's songs that were composed but never published, so he can sell them for money to raise his granddaughter, Susan. Nancy helps find the missing music and another part introduces that Nancy goes to a factory that she thinks is copying a formula for silk. At the end Nancy, is about to be bitten by a black widow spider but she is saved by Ned Nickerson. The revised text does include Diane Dight, but does not have the romantic subplot of the original edition.
Artwork
Collectors of the series seem to greatly enjoy the original art by Russell H. Tandy, which depicts Nancy among highly Gothic elements, by candlelight, in the old attic. In 1962, Rudy Nappi gave Nancy a modern flip hairstyle and changed the color to red, and altered her shirtwaist wrap dress to a generic red sailor-style dress for the cover art. In 1970, Nappi updated his art, employing a shadowy apple green color motif and Gothic elements, including the skeletal hand, to showcase Nancy, looking very much like Barbara Eden in a coatfront shift, with a candle. This cover plays heavily on the spooky elements popular during the "Dark Shadows" era.
Television
A reference to the book is made in the pilot episode of the Nancy Drew television series. Nancy searched through her family’s attic to discover a bloody dress inside a trunk. The visual of Nancy opening the trunk to find the dress looks strikingly similar to the cover of the novel.
References
Nancy Drew books
1944 American novels
1944 children's books
1970 American novels
1970 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
44496550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Marathi%20films%20of%202015 | List of Marathi films of 2015 | This is a list of Marathi films that have been released or have been scheduled for release 2015.
January–March
April–June
July–September
October–December
References
External links
http://www.gomolo.com/2010-2019/marathi-movies-2015
Lists of 2015 films by country or language
2015 in Indian cinema
2015 |
6899772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Stonehouse | Ruth Stonehouse | Ruth Stonehouse (September 28, 1892 – May 12, 1941) was an actress and film director during the silent film era. Her stage career started at the age of eight as a dancer in Arizona shows.
Early life
Ruth Stonehouse was born to James Wesley Stonehouse and Georgia C. Worster on September 28, 1892, in Denver, Colorado. Her father was the founder of Stonehouse Signs Inc. According to the 1900 Census for Laurence Town, Teller County, Colorado, she lived with her father, James, a sign writer, and her grandmother, Eda Stonehouse, along with her sister, Hazel, who was a year younger. By 1910, she was living with her mother, Georgia Stonehouse, a stenographer, and her sister, Hazel, in Chicago, Illinois. Curiously, her mother lists herself as a widow on the 1910 Census, while James Stonehouse can be found residing in Arizona.
Film career
Stonehouse worked for Triangle Film Corporation and Universal Pictures during a career which extended from 1911 until 1928. A few years prior in 1907, she was a founding member of Essanay Film Manufacturing Company. She also signed on to work on Cyrus J. Williams' productions. Having experience here helped Stonehouse begin her directing career later on as she moved to different stations. Her androgynous appearance was most apparent in the role of Nancy Glenn and in the 1917 motion picture, The Edge of the Law. She performed in comedies and dramas such as the patriotic film Doing Her Bit (1917), which was directed by Jack Conway.
In 1917, Stonehouse directed the films Daredevil Dan, A Walloping Time, The Winning Pair, A Limb of Satan, Puppy Love, and Tacky Sue's Romance. These movies were one-reel orphan asylum pictures, the first of which was entitled Mary Ann.
Personal life
Stonehouse owned a cabin in Santa Anita Canyon in the Sierra Madre Mountains. Here she entertained men and women of prominence in the film world, cooking culinary masterpieces which her friends deemed superior to most chefs. Stonehouse was a fan of the Owen Magnetic Auto and promoted it in newspapers. Stonehouse was an avid gardener who grew fibrous-rooted begonias, pleromas, fuchsias, cinerias, and hyacinths. Her home, located at 204 North Rossmore Avenue in Los Angeles, California, was an adaptation of a Spanish design that was situated well to the front of a large lot. She was an active worker in the Children's Home Society for twenty-five years and also a member of the Garden Club of California.
Death
Stonehouse died in Hollywood, California of a cerebral hemorrhage on May 12, 1941, at the age of 48. She was listed as Mrs. Felix Hughes in her obituary. Her funeral services were conducted from Wee Kirk o' the Heather. She was interred in a mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park.
Selected filmography
Mr. Wise, Investigator (1911) *short
When Soul Meets Soul (1913) *short
The Spy's Defeat (1913) short with Francis X. Bushman
Blood Will Tell (1914) short with Bushman
Ashes of Hope (1914, Essanay) short with Bushman
The Masked Wrestler (1914) *short
No. 28, Diplomat (1914) *short
The Slim Princess (1915) with Wallace Beery
The Romance of an American Duchess (1915)
The Papered Door (1915) *short
The Alster Case (1915)
The Gilded Cage (1915)
The Adventures of Peg o' the Ring (1916) *serial
A Phantom Husband (1917)
The Edge of the Law (1917)
Love Aflame (1917)
Follow the Girl (1917)
The Saintly Sinner (1917)
Fighting for Love (1917)
Rosalind at Redgate (1919) *short
The Master Mystery (1919)
The Masked Rider (1919)
The Four-Flusher (1919, Metro Pictures)
The Red Viper (1919 Tyrad Pictures)
Parlor, Bedroom and Bath (1920 Metro Pictures)
The Hope (1920 Metro Pictures)
Are All Men Alike? (1920 Metro Pictures)
The Land of Jazz (1920 Fox Film Corporation)
Cinderella's Twin (1920 Metro Pictures)
I Am Guilty (1921 Associated Producers)
Don't Call Me Little Girl (1921 Paramount Pictures)
The Wolver (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
Mother o' Dreams (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
Lorraine of the Timberlands (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Honor of Rameriz (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Spirit of the Lake (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Heart of Doreon (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Flash (1923 Russell Productions)
Flames of Passion (1923 Independent Pictures)
Lights Out (1923 Film Booking Offices of America; FBO)
The Way of the Transgressor (1923 Independent Pictures)
A Girl of the Limberlost (1924 Film Booking Office of America; FBO)
Broken Barriers (1924 Metro-Goldwyn)
Straight Through (1925 Universal Pictures)
A Two-Fisted Sheriff (1925 Arrow Film Corp.)
Fifth Avenue Models (1925 Universal Pictures)
The Fugitive (1925 Arrow Film Corp.)
Blood and Steel (1925 Independent Pictures)
The Scarlet West (1925 First National)
Ermine and Rhinestones (1925 Jans Film Service)
False Pride (1925 Astor Pictures)
The Wives of the Prophet (1926 Lee-Bradford)
Broken Homes (1926 Astor Pictures)
The Ladybird (1927 First Division Pictures)
Poor Girls (1927 Columbia Pictures)
The Satin Woman (1927 Lumas Film Corp.)
The Ape (1928 Collwyn Pictures Corp.)
The Devil's Cage'' (1928 Chadwick Pictures)
References
Notes
Citations
Further reading
1900 United States Federal Census, Precinct 39, Teller, Colorado; Roll T623_130; Page: 7B; Enumeration District: 136.
External links
Ruth Stonehouse at the Women Film Pioneers Project
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American women film directors
20th-century American women writers
Actresses from Denver
1892 births
1941 deaths
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
20th-century American actresses
American film directors
Women film pioneers |
20465392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Basham | Chris Basham | Christopher Paul Basham (born 20 July 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or centre back for club Sheffield United. He is best known as a pioneer of the role of the overlapping centre back (usually on the right flank), a position he developed under Chris Wilder during the 2016-17 season.
Having started as a junior with Newcastle United, he played for Bolton Wanderers, as well as having loan spells at Stafford Rangers and Rochdale, prior to joining Blackpool in August 2010.
Career
Bolton Wanderers
Basham was a member of the youth team at Newcastle United before being released at age sixteen. Soon after, he joined Bolton Wanderers, where he signed his first professional contract with the club, signing a two-year deal. In November 2006 Basham joined Conference National side Stafford Rangers on a month's loan, making his debut on 25 November in a 2–2 home draw with St Albans City. After four appearances for Rangers, Basham returned to Bolton when his loan deal expired.
On 7 February 2008, Basham joined League Two side Rochdale on loan until the end of the 2007–08 season. Making his debut on 12 February 2008 in a 4–2 home defeat to Hereford United, Basham went on to make a total of 13 appearances for his temporary employers, helping Rochdale to finish fifth in the league and qualify for the League Two play-offs.
The following season saw Basham make his senior debut for Bolton Wanderers as an 89th-minute substitute in the 4–1 win over Sunderland at the Stadium of Light on 29 November 2008. He scored his first goal on 11 April 2009, in a 4–3 defeat to Chelsea at Stamford Bridge, and eventually made a total of eleven appearances that season.
The following season saw Basham making his first appearance came on 29 August 2009, where he came on as a substitute in the second half, in a 3–2 loss against Liverpool, followed up by assisting a winning goal for Gary Cahill, in a 3–2 win over Portsmouth on 12 September 2009. On 6 November 2009, and after 17 appearances for the club, Basham signed a contract extension with Bolton until the summer of 2012. Remaining on the fringes of the first-team Basham made a total of eight league and two cup appearances in the 2009–10 season before an injury kept him out for the rest of the season.
Blackpool
On 6 August 2010, Bolton Wanderers turned down a bid from newly promoted Premier League side Blackpool. Eventually, Blackpool made a second bid for Basham, which was accepted by the club and the next day, on 13 August 2010, Basham signed a three-year contract with Blackpool for a fee reported to be in the region of £1million.
The following day after signing for the club, Basham made his debut as a 60th-minute substitute for Marlon Harewood as Blackpool marked their Premier League debut on the opening day of the 2010–11 season with a 4–0 win over Wigan Athletic at the DW Stadium. It wasn't until 10 November when he made his second league appearance, playing the whole game against Aston Villa in a 3–2 loss. However, Basham spent the most of the season on the reserve bench or injured and at the end of the season, the club were relegated to the Championship.
After appearing two matches at the start of the 2011–12 season, Basham suffered an injury that kept him out for a month and expected to be loaned out once he returned from injury. However, Basham was recalled to the first team once he recovered following the club's injury crisis and then on 10 December 2011, Basham scored his first goal for Blackpool, heading the first equaliser of a 2–2 away draw at Southampton. His second goal for the club then came on 21 January 2012, in a 2–1 win over Crystal Palace. Despite missing out for the rest of the season, he made 21 appearances and scoring two times in all competitions.
In the 2012–13 season, Basham appeared in and out of the first team at the start of the season, due to being on the sidelines and played in the reserve. By the time he suffered ankle injury in early-December, he made seven appearances. After returning from injury, Basham then scored his first Blackpool on 29 December 2012, in a 4–2 loss against Middlesbrough. As the 2012–13 season progressed, Basham remained in the first team despite suffering from injuries during a match against Leicester City that kept him out for a month and went on to finish the 2012–13 season, making 28 appearances and scoring once in all competitions. Following this, Blackpool opted to take up their option of a contract extension, keeping Basham under contract until summer 2014.
In the 2013–14 season, Basham began to establish himself in the first team and started well, helping the club go unbeaten for the first six matches to the start of the season, including scoring his first goal of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Middlesbrough on 17 August 2013. After appearing four matches throughout September, including scoring another against Leicester City, Basham's performance earned him Wonga.com Player of the Month award for September. Despite missing out on two occasions, due to injury and suspension, Basham continued to be in the first team throughout the season and went on to make 42 appearances in all competitions.
At the end of the 2013–14 season, Basham was offered a new contract by the club.
Sheffield United
On 5 June 2014, Basham signed a three-year deal with Sheffield United on a free transfer after his contract with Blackpool came to an end. Upon joining the club, Basham was given number six shirt for the new season.
Basham made his Sheffield United, making his first start and played 86 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–1 loss against Bristol City in the opening game of the season. Since making his debut, Basham became a first team regular at the club and was praised by Manager Nigel Clough, playing most of the season in midfield or centre-back positions. However, as the 2014–15 season progressed, he continued to be in the first team despite facing suspension and injury. In the play-offs, Basham played both legs against Swindon Town and scored in the second leg, in a 5–5 draw but unsuccessful, having previously lost 2–1 against them in the first leg. Despite this, he finished his first season, making 50 appearances (20 league) in all competitions.
In the 2015–16 season, Basham continued to be in the first team regular at the club following the arrival of Manager Nigel Adkins and then played his first match as captain against Doncaster Rovers on 26 September 2015, scoring his first goal of the season, in a 3–1 win. Throughout the 2015–16 season, Basham went on to captain on five occasions following Jay McEveley's absence. Basham's second goal of the season came on 28 November 2015, in a 1–1 draw against Barnsley. Basham also scored two more goals later in the season against Colchester United and Walsall. Despite missing out two league matches, due to injuries. and Basham made 49 (44 league) appearances and scoring four times in all competitions.
In the 2016–17 season, Basham continued to be in the first team regular at the club following the arrival of Manager Chris Wilder and played in the midfield position. Basham then scored his first goal of the season, but was later sent-off in the second half, in a 2–2 draw against Scunthorpe United on 24 September 2016. After serving a three match suspension, Basham returned to the first team, on 18 October 2016, making his first start from suspension, in a 3–0 win against Shrewsbury Town, followed up by scoring in the next game, in a 3–3 draw against Bradford City. Two weeks later, on 6 November 2016, Basham scored and set up one of the goals, in a 6–0 win over Leyton Orient in the first round of the FA Cup. Due to his impressive performance at the club, Manager Wilder hinted that Basham could be earning a new contract, with a year to his contract left. As the 2016–17 season progressed, Basham began to play in the defense, as a centre-back, partnering with either Jack O'Connell, Ethan Ebanks-Landell and Jake Wright. Around the same time, Basham played in the midfield position, with Paul Coutts. Then, in a 3–0 win over Port Vale on 14 April 2017, Basham produced an impressive display when he set up two goals. At the end of the 2016–17 season, which saw Sheffield United promoted to Championship after six seasons in League One, Basham went on to make 48 appearances and scoring two times in all competitions.
In July 2017, Basham penned a new two-year contract with the Blades having played a key role in United's title winning promotion from League One. On 28 April 2019, Basham saw his second promotion in three seasons with United as the Blades were promoted to the Premier League.
On 1 August 2020, Basham signed a new two-year deal at Sheffield United. Basham won the Player of the year award and Players' player of the year award for the 2019–20 season.
On 12th May 2022, Basham signed a new two-year deal at Sheffield United committing his future to the summer of 2024.
Personal life
Basham was born in Hebburn, Tyne and Wear. He studied at Gateshead College and trained with their Academy for Sport. He grew up supporting Sunderland. Basham considers Alan Cork as a great influence and is indebted to Cork for guiding him throughout his professional football career.
Having two years away from football, after leaving Newcastle United at sixteen, Basham worked at McDonald's. In late 2014, Basham became a father.
Career statistics
Honours
Sheffield United
EFL League One: 2016–17
EFL Championship runner-up: 2018–19
Individual
Sheffield United Player of the Year Award: 2019-20
Sheffield United Players' Player of the Year Award: 2019-20
References
External links
Profile at the Sheffield United F.C. website
1988 births
Living people
People from Hebburn
Footballers from Tyne and Wear
English footballers
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Newcastle United F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Stafford Rangers F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Premier League players |
20465397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leanderthal%20Lady | Leanderthal Lady | Leanderthal Lady is the skeletal remains of a prehistoric woman discovered in January 1983 by the Texas Department of Transportation at the Wilson-Leonard Brushy Creek Site (an ancient Native American campsite) in the city of Cedar Park, Texas, a suburb of Austin, the state capital. The remains were also alternatively labeled "Leanne". Both names were inspired by the proximity of the site to the town of Leander, to the north.
Analysis
Carbon dating and stratigraphic analysis showed the remains to be 10,000 to 13,000 years old. The skeleton is of a tall female who was approximately eighteen to thirty years old at the time of death. The find was significant as one of the oldest and most complete human skeleton finds in North America.
See also
List of unsolved deaths
References
External links
Leanne's Burial
1983 archaeological discoveries
1983 in Texas
Oldest human remains in the Americas
People from Cedar Park, Texas
People from Leander, Texas
Unsolved deaths
Williamson County, Texas |
44496559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbhajan%20Singh%20%28mountaineer%29 | Harbhajan Singh (mountaineer) | Harbhajan Singh is an Indian mountaineer, known for his successful mountaineering expeditions of Mount Everest, Mount Nanda Devi and many other peaks in the Himalayan region. The Government of India honored him in 2011, with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri.
Biography
Harbhajan Singh was born in a very small village named Dholowal of District Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India on the 10th of September 1956. As a child, he was known for his athleticism. He won several medals in various sports at the state level in the under 18 years old age group. He was considered the best athlete at Khalsa College Garhdiwala. When he was completing his post Graduation from Government college Hoshiarpur he learned judo and as it was a new sport in Punjab, he excelled and won medals in various state level competitions. He represented Punjab in Judo and won Gold medal in National judo championship held at Indore ( MP) in 1979. In addition to participating in sports he used to take active part in various other activities at the college. He remained NCC cadet and is “C” certificate holder, he was NSS volunteer and took part in various camps for social service activities, he remained editor of college magazine for punjabi section and an active member of student central association of the college . His career began in 1980 when he joined Indo-Tibetan Border Police as a gazetted officer through a national level competitive exam and is currently the incumbent Inspector General of ITBP.
Singh is credited with three Mt. Everest expeditions and his performance remained remarkable for the significant successful attempts. Since then, he has to his credit successful expeditions to Mt.Nanda Devi, the third highest peak in India, and many others such as Mount Abhigamin, Mt. Kamet & Mt.Abhigamin, Mount Mana, Mt. Stopanth, Mount Nunkun, Mt.White Needle (twice), Mount Pinnacle, Mount Pyramid, Mt. North Pyramid, Mt. Sphinx, Mt. Panchachuli, Mount Stok Kangri (twice in winters) Mount Kasket and four un-named peaks(03 in Leh-Ladakh and 01 in H.P) He also has led a team of skiers who skied down after climbing Mt. Abhigamin in 2007 and later on ski down from the 3rd camp (Ht.approximately 23000 ft.) of Mount Everest in 2009.
Awards and recognitions
Harbhajan Singh is a recipient of various following Awards and recognitions conferred by the Government of India and Government of Punjab for his spectacular and significant achievements in the field of Mountaineering and adventure sports and outstanding and meaningful performance as an officer of elite ITBPOLICE Force :-
a) Padmashri Award in 2011.
b) Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award in 2016.
c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh Award (highest sports Award of Punjab) in 2019.
d) IMF Nain singh & Kishan singh life time achievement award in 2011.
e) President’s Police Medal for Distinguished services in 2011.
f) President’s Police medal for Meritorious services in 2005.
g) DG ITBPOLICE Insignia & Commendation roll -13 times.
Indian Mountaineering Foundation has also extended life membership to him for his significant contributions in the field of mountaineering and promoting adventure activities at International and National level
.
His name also figure in “Limca book of records and quiz competition books prepared for competitive exam” for his matchless and spectacular contribution in the field of mountaineering and promoting adventure activities at International and National level.
See also
Adventure sports
Limca Book of World Records
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Indian mountain climbers
Mountain climbers from Punjab, India
Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award |
17327776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mats%20Zuccarello | Mats Zuccarello | Mats André Zuccarello Aasen (born 1 September 1987) is a Norwegian professional ice hockey winger for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). Nicknamed the "Lizard", he has also played for the New York Rangers and Dallas Stars.
Prior to joining the NHL, Zuccarello previously played for Modo Hockey in the Swedish Elite League. In 2010, he won the Guldhjälmen (Golden Helmet), awarded annually to the most valuable player in the Swedish Hockey League. He is regarded as one of the most successful Norwegian players to play in the NHL.
Early life
Zuccarello grew up in the suburbs of Løren in Oslo and began playing hockey at age five. After several years at Hasle-Løren, he began playing for Vålerenga, where he stayed until the end of lower secondary school. By that time, he had been scouted by Frisk Asker, which offered him a scholarship at the Norwegian College of Elite Sport, which he accepted.
Zuccarello is of Italian descent from his mother's side. He has a younger brother, Fabian, who plays in the Norwegian First Division, and a step brother, Robin Dahlstrøm, who played in both Sweden and Norway before retiring in 2021.
Playing career
Norway and Sweden
Zuccarello began playing full-time for Frisk in the GET-ligaen, Norway's premiere league, as an 18-year-old. He scored 8 points over 21 games as a rookie in 2005–06. The following season, he improved to 59 points over 43 games, third in league scoring behind Jonas Solberg Andersen and Mathis Olimb. In 2007–08, Zuccarello helped Frisk to the best regular season record in the league. Zuccarello finished third in league scoring a second consecutive season with 64 points, as he and Frisk teammates Chris Abbott, Cam Abbott and Marcus Eriksson ranked as the top four GET-ligaen scorers. Zuccarello added 27 points in 15 playoff games as Frisk advanced to the Finals, where they were defeated in six games by the Storhamar Dragons.
After three seasons in the GET-ligaen, Zuccarello signed with Modo Hockey of the Elitserien, Sweden's premier league. In his first season with Modo, he ranked third in team scoring with 40 points in 35 games. The following season, he led the team with 23 goals. With a league-leading 64 points, he was awarded the Guldhjälmen as the league's most valuable player, as voted by Elitserien players.
New York Rangers
In the summer of 2010, Zuccarello was signed as a free agent by the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL) to a two-year, entry-level contract. He began the 2010–11 season with the Hartford Wolf Pack/Connecticut Whale, the Rangers' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, to adapt to the North American style of hockey and rink dimensions. On 22 December 2010, he was called up to the Rangers following an injury to right winger Marián Gáborík. He made his NHL debut on 23 December 2010 against the Tampa Bay Lightning, becoming the seventh Norwegian player to play in the NHL as well as the second undrafted one. Zuccarello logged 17 minutes and 52 seconds of ice time and registered two shots on goal in his NHL debut. As the game remained tied after overtime, Zuccarello scored in the shootout against Lightning goaltender Dan Ellis. However, the Rangers lost the game 4–3. Though he was reassigned to the Whale immediately after the game, the Rangers recalled him for their next game, on 27 December against the New York Islanders. He earned his first NHL assist during the contest, tying defenceman Anders Myrvold for the Norwegian player with the fewest games played before recording an NHL point. The Rangers won the game 7–2. Nine days later, in his sixth game, Zuccarello scored his first NHL goal against goaltender Cam Ward three minutes into overtime, leading the Rangers to a 2–1 victory over the Carolina Hurricanes. On 1 April 2011 he was reassigned to Connecticut after playing 41 games for the Rangers.
On 13 April 2011, Zuccarello became only the second Norwegian to take part in NHL post-season action when the Rangers lost 2–1 against the Washington Capitals.
Metallurg Magnitogorsk
On 1 June 2012, Zuccarello confirmed he had signed a two-year contract with Metallurg Magnitogorsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). However, he returned to the NHL and the Rangers after the 2012–13 NHL lockout.
Return to New York
On 28 March 2013, Zuccarello agreed to terms on a one-year contract with the New York Rangers. Zuccarello played in the last 15 games of the 2012–13 campaign, helping the Rangers reach the postseason. He played in all 12 Ranger playoff games, tallying his first playoff goal in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals against the Washington Capitals.
Zuccarello re-signed with the Rangers at the end of the 2012–13 season for another one-year contract, worth $1.15 million. The 2013–14 season turned out to be a breakout season for Zuccarello. He tallied career highs in goals, assists and team-highs in points, as his contributions helped the Rangers reach the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals, where they faced-off against the Los Angeles Kings. Although New York lost the series 4–1, Zuccarello made history by becoming the first Norwegian to ever participate in the Stanley Cup Finals. His all-around game also took a step forward throughout the season, as he established himself as a hard worker with the ability to get under the skin of his opponents. His work was recognized by being awarded the 2013–14 Steven McDonald Extra Effort Award.
On 22 July 2014, Zuccarello agreed to a one-year, $3.5 million contract with the Rangers.
During the 2014–15 season, Zuccarello agreed to a four-year, $18 million contract worth $4.5 million annually that extends through to the 2018–19 season. He finished fifth on the team in scoring, playing a large role with linemate Rick Nash, having the second-most goals in the NHL, as the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy with the League's best regular season record. Early into the 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs, Zuccarello was hit in the head by a shot by his own teammate, Rangers captain Ryan McDonagh. It was determined Zuccarello suffered a serious brain contusion and concussion and would most likely miss the rest of the playoffs. But rumors escalated as the Rangers continued their run that he may be available if the Rangers made it to the Stanley Cup Finals. However, they lost to the Tampa Bay Lightning in seven games in the 2015 Eastern Conference Finals, ending their season.
At the beginning of the 2015–16 season, Zuccarello got off to a fast start in his return, quickly becoming the team leader in scoring. On 30 October, Zuccarello recorded a hat-trick (the first of his NHL career) against the Toronto Maple Leafs, and on 15 November, he scored the game-winning goal in another game against the Maple Leafs, with less than one minute remaining in regulation. In his comeback season, Zuccarello scored a career-high 26 goals, with 35 assists. His performance, coupled with his tremendous effort, especially returning to the ice after the aforementioned injury the previous postseason, culminated in Zuccarello winning the Steven McDonald Extra Effort Award again and being selected as a finalist for the Bill Masterton Trophy for the 2015–16 season.
To start the 2017–18 season, Zuccarello was named an alternate captain of the Rangers on 4 October 2017. On 12 March 2018, Zuccarello recorded his 100th career NHL goal, in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes, which the Rangers won 6–3. On 23 October 2018, Zuccarello became the ninth player in Rangers history to lead the team in points for three consecutive seasons, joining Jaromír Jágr, Wayne Gretzky, Phil Esposito, Andy Bathgate, Bryan Hextall Sr., Cecil Dillon, Bill Cook and Frank Boucher.
Dallas Stars
With the Rangers in a rebuild, Zuccarello was traded to the Dallas Stars on February 23, 2019, in exchange for a 2019 conditional second-round pick and a 2020 conditional third-round pick. He debuted with the Stars the same day against the Chicago Blackhawks. He scored his first goal with the team during the second period but later suffered an upper-body injury forcing him to miss the third period of play. Afterwards, the Stars announced he was expected to miss at least four weeks to recover. Zuccarello returned for the playoffs but the Stars were eliminated by the St. Louis Blues in double overtime of game seven in the second round.
Minnesota Wild
Having left the Stars as a free agent, Zuccarello signed a five-year, $30 million contract with the Minnesota Wild on 1 July 2019.
On April 17, 2022, during a game against the St. Louis Blues, Zuccarello had broken the Wild team record for most assists in a season when he recorded his 51st and 52nd assists, surpassing teammate Kirill Kaprizov and Pierre-Marc Bouchard (2007–08 season), who held the record at 50. He also recorded his 500th career point, making him the 62nd active NHL player to reach that mark since he entered the league in 2010.
International play
Zuccarello has represented Norway at the 2008 IIHF World Championship in Canada, the 2009 IIHF World Championship, the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and the 2010 IIHF World Championship in Germany. He was forced to withdraw from the 2011 IIHF World Championship in Slovakia, however, due to a hand fracture. Zuccarello later represented Norway at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
Zuccarello represented Team Europe in the 2016 World Cup of Hockey.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
Norwegian NHL records
1987 births
Living people
Connecticut Whale (AHL) players
Dallas Stars players
Frisk Asker Ishockey players
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Hasle-Løren IL players
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Metallurg Magnitogorsk players
Minnesota Wild players
Modo Hockey players
New York Rangers players
Norwegian expatriate ice hockey people
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Norwegian ice hockey right wingers
Norwegian people of Sicilian descent
Olympic ice hockey players of Norway
Ice hockey people from Oslo
Undrafted National Hockey League players |
20465408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honour%20and%20Glory | Honour and Glory | Honour and Glory (foaled March 24, 1993 in Kentucky – July 17, 2018) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won important races during his career. He was bred by William T. Young's Overbrook Farm and purchased by British businessman and prominent racehorse owner, Michael Tabor.
Retired to stud in the United States, Honour and Glory sired a number of winners including the 2000 American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly, Caressing, winner of the 2000 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies. The Leading First-Crop Sire of 2000, among his other American-born offspring, he sired Blues and Royals, winner of the 2005 UAE Derby.
Honour and Glory was sold to La Mission Stallion Station in Argentina. He stood in that country, where he notably sired 2008 UAE Derby winner, Honour Devil, and also at Wintergreen Stallion Station in Midway, Kentucky.
On July 17, 2018 it was announced that Honour and Glory had died due to complications of a broken femur.
References
External links
Honour and Glory's pedigree and partial racing stats
Honour and Glory Thoroughbred Times breeding profile
1993 racehorse births
2018 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Thoroughbred family 16-a
Godolphin Arabian sire line |
23573482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%20Channel%20%28Romanian%20TV%20channel%29 | Disney Channel (Romanian TV channel) | Disney Channel is a Romanian pay television channel owned by The Walt Disney Company Limited, with programs licensed by the National Audiovisual Council.
It broadcasts for preschoolers and kids, and also for teenagers and adults, from series and movies.
History
After Disney XD was successfully launched on 13 February 2009 in the United States, the Disney-ABC Television Group re-branded Jetix France to Disney XD on 1 April 2009 and it was expected to be rolled out to other European countries in that same year. In May, Disney announced that Jetix in certain countries (namely Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Bulgaria) would be rebranded as Disney Channel, marking that channel's first introduction in those countries. The change occurred on 19 September 2009.
In May 2010 Disney Channel Eastern Europe was removed from Hot Bird satellite. Advertising is shown in Romanian and Bulgarian; the voices in the ads are only heard on the respective audio tracks.
Programming
See also
Disney XD
Playhouse Disney
Disney Channel
Playhouse Disney Romania
Disney Channel Bulgaria
References
External links
Romania
Romania
Television stations in Romania
Children's television networks
Television channels and stations established in 2005
ru:Disney Channel Romania |
20465413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Spirit%20of%20America | The Spirit of America | The Spirit of America is a 1963 American short documentary film produced by Algernon G. Walker about the Spirit of America. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
See also
List of American films of 1963
References
External links
The Spirit of America at National Archives and Records Administration
1963 films
1963 documentary films
1963 short films
American short documentary films
1960s short documentary films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films |
23573483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADtov | Cítov | Cítov is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Daminěves is an administrative part of Cítov.
References
Villages in Mělník District |
23573488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%8Delice | Čečelice | Čečelice is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mělník District |
23573489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob%C5%99e%C5%88 | Dobřeň | Dobřeň is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. The village with well preserved examples of folk architecture is protected by law as a village monument reservation.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Jestřebice, Klučno, Střezivojice and Vlkov are administrative parts of Dobřeň.
References
Villages in Mělník District |
44496565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire%20Haigh | Claire Haigh | Claire Haigh (born 16 September 1980) is a Luxembourgish female kickboxer and mixed martial artist.
She is the former WPMF Lightweight and Super Lightweight champion, as well as the WPMF World Pro League Super Lightweight Champion. She is also the former WMC Lightweight champion. She is a two time ISKA Lightweight World title challenger.
Martial arts career
Haigh made her kickboxing debut in 2007, against Sheree Halliday, during Woking Fight Night 4. She lost a decision.
In 2009, Haigh was given the opportunity to fight for the World Professional Muaythai Federation Lightweight title, against Chantal Ughi. She won by way of TKO. Haigh fought Chantal Ughi for the World Professional Muaythai Federation Super Lightweight title in the same year, winning a decision.
Haigh defended her WPMF title in 2010, when she faced Stephanie Ielö Page, and won a unanimous decision.
Claire Haigh next fought Lanzi Estella for the KSFL World title. She would win a unanimous decision.
During Penzance Fight Night 2010: Fast And Furious, Haigh faced Julie Kitchen for the IKF World title. She lost a close split decision.
Haigh's next fight was likewise a title fight. She fought Miriam Nakamoto for the WBC Muaythai Lightweight title. Nakamoto won the bout by knockout.
Claire Haigh would then go on a six fight winning streak before challenging Angélique Pitiot for the ISKA World Lightweight title. During this winning streak, she defended her lightweight title twice, against Kwanta Soonkeeranakornsree, and against Nilawan Techasuep. Pitiot won by knockout.
She fought and defeated Nong Nan Jor Nguan in 2012 for the WMC World Lightweight title in 2012.
Championships and accomplishments
World Professional Muaythai Federation
WPMF World Lightweight Championship (135 lbs)
Two successful title defenses
WPMF World Super Lightweight Championship (140 lbs)
WPMF World Pro League Super Lightweight Championship (140 lbs)
World Muaythai Council
WMC World Lightweight Championship (135 lbs)
Kickboxing record
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Marlene Caneva
|
| France
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|5
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Anke Van Gestel
|Kings of Muay Thaï 5
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision (unanimous)
|align=center|5
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Saida Atmani
|Kings of Muay Thai 4
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|4
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Veronica Vernocchi
|Fighter’s Legion
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision (split)
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Laetitia Bakissy
|One versus One
| Trappes, France
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|5
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Hatice Ozyurt
|No Pain, No Muay Thai, Belgium
| Andenne, Belgium
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Marlene Caneva
|Kings of Muay Thai 3
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|5
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Angélique Pitiot
|Tower Muay Thai
| Paris, France
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|1
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Saida Atmani
|Fight Fever 5th Edition
| Longeville-lès-Metz, France
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Roxana Gaal
|Fight Fever 5th Edition
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|3
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Sandra Pires
|Kings of Muay Thai 2
| Oberkorn, Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|3
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Nilawan Techasuep
|WPMF World Championship
| Bali, Indonesia
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|5
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Kwanta Soonkeeranakornsree
|WPMF World Championship
| Phuket, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|4
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
|
|
| Phuket, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Miriam Nakamoto
|WCK Muay Thai The Top Best
| Haikou City, Hainan Island, China
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|1
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Julie Kitchen
|
| Cornwall, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision (split)
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#c5d2ea;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Draw
| Amanda Kelly
|Muay Thai Addicts III
| London, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Draw (unanimous)
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Lanzi Estella
|Gala KSFL
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision
|align=center|5
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Stephanie Ielö Page
|WPMF World Championship
| Saphan Buri Stadium, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Julie Kitchen
|Kings Cup Tournament
| Bangkok, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Chantal Ughi
|Queens Birthday - Muay Thai Event
| Bangkok, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Ifa Onuga
|England vs Belarus
| London, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Sheree Halliday
|Woking Fight Night 4
| Woking, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
Mixed martial arts record
|Draw
|align=center|3–0–1
|Jin Tang
|Draw (Unanimous)
|DQ - Dragon Qilu
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Shandong, China
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|3–0
|Eileen Forrest
|Submission (Rear-Naked Choke
|MC - Martial Combat 12
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:06
|Singapore
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Sun Jiao
|TKO (Elbows)
|MC - Martial Combat 5
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:30
|Singapore
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Angela Rivera-Parr
|Rear-Naked Choke
|CWA - Cage Wars Australia 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:40
|Queensland, Australia
|
References
1980 births
People from Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve
Luxembourgian female kickboxers
Luxembourgian female mixed martial artists
Living people
Bantamweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
Lightweight kickboxers
Luxembourgian Muay Thai practitioners
Female Muay Thai practitioners |
20465434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Canadian%20Tour | 2008 Canadian Tour | The 2008 Canadian Tour season ran from April to September and consisted of 15 tournaments. It was the 39th season of the Canadian Professional Golf Tour.
The season started with two events in the United States (in April), followed by three events in Mexico (in April and May), and finishing with 10 events in Canada (in June through September). American John Ellis won the Order of Merit.
Schedule
The following table lists official events during the 2008 season.
References
External links
Official site
Canadian Tour
PGA Tour Canada |
23573490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20ECM%20Prague%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 2009 ECM Prague Open – Singles | The women's singles of the 2009 ECM Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.
Vera Zvonareva was the defending champion, but was sidelined due to an ankle injury.
Sybille Bammer won in the final 7-6(4), 6-2 against Francesca Schiavone.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
External links
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
ECM Prague Open - Singles
2009 - Singles |
20465443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20United%20States%20Senate%20election%20in%20Delaware | 2000 United States Senate election in Delaware | The 2000 United States Senate election in Delaware was held on November 7, 2000, in conjunction with the 2000 U.S. presidential election, other elections to the United States Senate in other states, as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator William Roth ran for re-election to a sixth term, but he was defeated by outgoing Democratic Governor Tom Carper. Carper subsequently became the first Democrat to hold this seat since 1947. It was also the first time since 1943 that both seats were held by Democrats.
General election
Candidates
Tom Carper, Governor of Delaware and former U.S. Representative (Democratic)
Mark E. Dankof (Constitution)
Robert Mattson (Natural Law)
J. Burke Morrison (Libertarian)
William Roth, incumbent U.S. Senator since 1971 (Republican)
Campaign
For 16 years, the same four people had held all four major statewide positions in Delaware. Governor Tom Carper was term-limited and could not run for re-election again. Both he and U.S. Representative Michael Castle wanted to be U.S. Senator. However, Roth would not retire, and fellow Republican Castle decided against a primary.
Roth, 79, had served in the U.S. Senate for 30 years. He was the Chairman of the Finance Committee. Carper, 53, was a popular Governor and former U.S. Congressman of Delaware's At-large congressional district, who announced his candidacy against Roth in September 1999. Both candidates were moderates. Roth was one of the few Republicans to vote for the Brady Bill. Although Roth started the campaign with a 2-to-1 spending advantage, Carper went into the final month with more than $1 million on hand. In a contest between two popular and respected politicians, the main issue seemed to be Roth's age versus Carper's relative youth.
Carper defeated Roth by over ten points. Roth received more votes than Presidential candidate George W. Bush, suggesting the strength of the Democratic turnout was a boon to Carper's candidacy. Some consider Roth's defeat to be due to his age and health, as he collapsed twice during the campaign, once in the middle of a television interview and once during a campaign event.
Debates
Complete video of debate, October 15, 2000
Results
See also
2000 United States Senate elections
References
2000
Delaware
2000 Delaware elections |
44496567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansor%20Abd%20Rahman | Mansor Abd Rahman | Dr. Mansor bin Abd Rahman is a Malaysian politician. He was the former Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the seat of Sik, Kedah, representing the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Malaysia's previous governing Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
A medical doctor by profession, Mansor entered Parliament at the 2013 election. At the time of his election he was the deputy chief of UMNO's Sik division. He defeated the incumbent Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) MP, Che Uda Che Nik.
In the 2018 election, Mansor lost to Ahmad Tarmizi Sulaiman of PAS, in a three-corner fight with Azli Che Uda of Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH) for the Sik parliamentary seat.
Election results
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Kedah
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian medical doctors
United Malays National Organisation politicians
Members of the Dewan Rakyat
21st-century Malaysian politicians |
23573492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolany%20nad%20Vltavou | Dolany nad Vltavou | Dolany nad Vltavou (until 2016 Dolany) is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. The historic centre of Debrno within the municipality is well preserved and protected by law as a village monument zone.
Administrative parts
The village of Debrno is an administrative part of Dolany nad Vltavou.
Geography
Dolany nad Vltavou lies about southeast of Mělník and north of Prague.
The municipality is located on the left bank of the Vltava River in the place, where the rocky valley of the Vltava ends and begins a plain typical for the confluence of the rivers Vltava and Elbe. The highest point of the municipality has an elevation of .
References
Villages in Mělník District |
20465475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique%20Cloutier | Véronique Cloutier | Véronique Cloutier (born December 31, 1974), also known as Véro, is a popular French Canadian TV and radio personality. She is the daughter of Guy Cloutier and the sister of Stéphanie Cloutier. She has hosted various programs on Radio-Canada, including La Fureur, Véro and Paquet Voleur. Her daily show Le Véro Show on Rythme FM is one of the most popular Quebec radio programs.
Biography
Career
While in high school, Cloutier worked on the radio program Bonjour Champion on CKAC. She also worked on the campus radio station of the University of Montreal, CISM-FM, on the radio program Virus Chronique. Her first television appearance was on the program Les mini-stars on the Quebec television network TVA in 1990.
In September 1993, Cloutier attended a public audition for the television channel MusiquePlus and was offered a job with the channel. Various programs that she hosted included Combat des clips, Le décompte MusiquePlus and Vox Pop. From 1995 to 1997, she hosted her own program called Véro Show.
In August 1997, she left MusiquePlus to join Radio-Canada. Her first job with the channel was the quiz show La Tête de l'emploi.
Her career reached new heights after hosting La Fureur, a weekly game show where celebrities answer questions related to music. It became one of the highest rated programs in Quebec with more than 1,200,000 viewers each week. In the fall of 1999, she would host the Gala de l'ADISQ, Quebec's major music awards show.
In April 2002 Cloutier was master of ceremonies at the Molson Centre in Montreal at the event La Fureur de Céline, in which 15,000 fans saw Céline Dion perform. In the summer of 2002, she starred in her first film, Les Dangereux, directed by Louis Saia and produced by Richard Goudreau. In December 2007 she was hired by the Royal Canadian Mint as a campaign spokesperson for the launch of an ad campaign in Quebec. She signed on to represent the Mint for three years.
In 2008, Cloutier was involved in several projects. She was the host of the Prix Gemeaux, the French Canadian equivalent of the Gemini Awards.
In December 2008, Cloutier hosted Radio-Canada's annual New Year's TV special, Bye Bye. The show, produced by Cloutier and Louis Morissette, received over 1,300 complaints from viewers finding it vulgar, angry and racist for material that included sketches on the assassination of then-American president-elect Barack Obama, jokes about Nathalie Simard, who was sexually assaulted as a child by Guy Cloutier (her father), and for anglophone-bashing.
Personal life
Cloutier's husband is Louis Morissette, a French Canadian comedian. Together, they have two daughters, Delphine Cloutier-Morissette and Raphaelle Cloutier-Morissette, and a son, Justin Cloutier-Morissette.
References
External links
Veronique Cloutier
1974 births
Canadian game show hosts
Canadian television talk show hosts
Living people
French Quebecers
People from Montreal |
44496570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domingo%20de%20Vico | Domingo de Vico | Domingo de Vico was a Spanish Dominican friar during the Spanish conquest of Chiapas and the conquest of Guatemala in the 16th century. He was originally from Jaén. Chronicler Antonio de Remesal recorded that de Vico studied theology in Úbeda and finished his studies in the San Esteban convent in Salamanca.
Domingo de Vico set out from Spain on 9 July 1544 with a group led by Bartolomé de las Casas in an effort to enforce the New Laws that had been issued in 1542 to protect the indigenous inhabitants of the Spanish colonies from overexploitation by the encomenderos. De Vico was the prior of Cobán from 1554 until his death in 1555. He was charged with the evangelisation of the Lakandon and Acala Ch'ol in the unconquered area that was then referred to by the Spanish as the Tierra de Guerra ("Land of War"), and also as Verapaz.
Works
In 1544, Francisco Marroquín, bishop of Guatemala, charged Domingo de Vico with producing a treatise upon Indian idolatry. The work contained instructions to Dominicans upon how to use indigenous beliefs in their sermons in Chiapas and Guatemala. It was entitled Tratado de ídolos ("Treatment of Idols"). His best known written work is his Theologia Indorum, of which eleven copies survive, divided between the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris (5 copies) and the Firestone Library of Princeton University, New Jersey (6 copies). Among the copies in France are translations made in the Tzutuhil, K'iche' and Kaqchikel languages. During his short time in Guatemala before his death, he is believed to have compiled the Vocabulario de la lengua cakchiquel ("Vocabulary of the Kaqchikel language"). De Vico learnt the Ch’ol language and was able to preach to the Lakandon and Acala in their own language.
De Vico wrote some religious poems in Kaqchikel upon the Acts of the Apostles and the Passion of Christ. A work entitled Los Proverbios de Salomón, las Epístolas y los Evangelios de todo el año, en lengua mexicana ("The Proverbs of Solomon, the Epistles and Gospels for the whole year, in the Mexican tongue") was prevented from being published by the Spanish Inquisition.
Death
In 1555, Domingo de Vico and his companion Andrés López were killed by the Acala and their Lakandon allies. De Vico, who had established a small missionary church in San Marcos (in what is now Alta Verapaz, Guatemala), had offended the local Maya ruler by repeatedly scolding him for taking several wives. The indigenous leader shot the friar through the throat with an arrow; the angry natives then sacrificed him by cutting open his chest and extracting his heart. His corpse was then decapitated; the natives carried off his head as a trophy, which was never recovered by the Spanish. In retaliation, the Spanish rounded up 260 Ch'ol in 1559, hanged 80 and branded the rest as slaves.
Citations
References
External links
Digital copy of Domingo de Vico's Latin and K'iche' text Teologia Indorum at Princeton University Digital Library.
16th-century Spanish people
Spanish Dominicans
1555 deaths
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
16th-century Spanish writers
16th-century male writers
16th-century Mesoamericanists
Roman Catholic writers
Spanish Mesoamericanists
People from Jaén, Spain
16th century in Guatemala
16th century in the Maya civilization |
23573500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Whitworth%20%28poet%29 | John Whitworth (poet) | John Whitworth (11 December 1945 - 20 April 2019) was a British poet. Born in India in 1945, he began writing poetry at Merton College, Oxford. He went on to win numerous prizes and publish in many highly regarded venues. He published twelve books: ten collections of his own work, an anthology of which he was the editor, and a textbook on writing poetry.
Life
Whitworth was born in India in 1945. He graduated from Merton College, Oxford. His work appeared in Poetry Review, The Times Literary Supplement, London Magazine, The Spectator, Quadrant, New Poetry, The Flea, Chimaera, HyperTexts, Light, Qualm, and Shit Creek Review. He taught a master class at University of Kent. He was a judge for the 9th Poetry on the Lake Competition, 2009.
He read at Lamar University.
He read at the 9th annual Sarah Lawrence College Poetry Festival 2012.
He was married to Doreen Roberts, who taught at the University of Kent; they had two daughters, Ellie and Katie.
Awards
1988 Cholmondeley Award
2004 The Silver Wyvern, Poetry on the Lake
2009 Eleanor Room Poetry Award Lamar University
2011 Literary Review £5000 Poetry Prize
Bibliography
Poetry
Collections
Anthologies
List of poems
Non-fiction
References
External links
About John Whitworth at Poetry Archive
John Whitworth Poems in Qualm
John Whitworth 2011 Poems in Qualm
1945 births
2019 deaths
British poets
British male poets
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Quadrant (magazine) people |
6899779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic%20cheetah | Asiatic cheetah | The Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) is a critically endangered cheetah subspecies currently only surviving in Iran. It once occurred from the Arabian Peninsula and the Near East to the Caspian region, Transcaucasus, Kyzylkum Desert and India, but was extirpated in these regions during the 20th century.
The Asiatic cheetah survives in protected areas in the eastern-central arid region of Iran, where the human population density is very low. Between December 2011 and November 2013, 84 individuals were sighted in 14 different protected areas, and 82 individuals were identified from camera trap photographs.
In December 2017, fewer than 50 individuals were thought to be remaining in three subpopulations that are scattered over in Iran's central plateau. As of January 2022, the Iranian Department of Environment estimates that only 12 Asiatic cheetahs, 9 males, and 3 females, are left in Iran.
In order to raise international awareness for the conservation of the Asiatic cheetah, an illustration was used on the jerseys of the Iran national football team at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
The Asiatic cheetah diverged from the cheetah population in Africa between 32,000 and 67,000 years ago. During the British rule in India, it was called hunting leopard, a name derived from the ones that were kept in captivity in large numbers by Indian royalty to use for hunting wild antelopes.
Taxonomy
Felis venatica was proposed by Edward Griffith in 1821 and based on a sketch of a maneless cheetah from India. Griffith's description was published in Le Règne Animal with the help of Griffith's assistant Charles Hamilton Smith in 1827.
Acinonyx raddei was proposed by Max Hilzheimer in 1913 for the cheetah population in Central Asia, the Trans-Caspian cheetah. Hilzheimer's type specimen originated in Merv, Turkmenistan.
Evolution
Results of a five-year phylogeographic study on cheetah subspecies indicate that Asiatic and African cheetah populations separated between 32,000 and 67,000 years ago and are genetically distinct. Samples of 94 cheetahs for extracting mitochondrial DNA were collected in nine countries from wild, seized and captive individuals and from museum specimen. The population in Iran is considered autochthonous monophyletic and the last remaining representative of the Asiatic subspecies.
Mitochondrial DNA fragments of an Indian and a Southeast African cheetah museum specimens showed that they genetically diverged about 72,000 years ago.
Characteristics
The Asiatic cheetah has a buff-to-light fawn-coloured fur that is paler on the sides, on the front of the muzzle, below the eyes and inner legs. Small black spots are arranged in lines on the head and nape, but irregularly scattered on body, legs, paws and tail. The tail tip has black stripes. The coat and mane are shorter than of African cheetah subspecies. The head and body of an adult Asiatic cheetah measure about with a long tail. It weighs about . They exhibit sexual dimorphism; males are slightly larger than the females.
The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world. It was previously thought that the body temperature of a cheetah increases during a hunt due to high metabolic activity. In a short period of time during a chase, a cheetah may produce 60 times more heat than at rest, with much of the heat, produced from glycolysis, stored to possibly raise the body temperature. The claim was supported by data from experiments in which two cheetahs ran on a treadmill for minutes on end but contradicted by studies in natural settings, which indicate that body temperature stays relatively the same during a hunt. A 2013 study suggested stress hyperthermia and a slight increase in body temperature after a hunt. The cheetah's nervousness after a hunt may induce stress hyperthermia, which involves high sympathetic nervous activity and raises the body temperature. After a hunt, the risk of another predator taking its kill is great, and the cheetah is on high alert and stressed. The increased sympathetic activity prepares the cheetah's body to run when another predator approaches. In the 2013 study, even the cheetah that did not chase the prey experienced an increase in body temperature once the prey was caught, showing increased sympathetic activity.
Distribution and habitat
The cheetah thrives in open lands, small plains, semi-desert areas, and other open habitats where prey is available. The Asiatic cheetah mainly inhabits the desert areas around Dasht-e Kavir in the eastern half of Iran, including parts of the Kerman, Khorasan, Semnan, Yazd, Tehran, and Markazi provinces. Most live in five protected areas, viz Kavir National Park, Touran National Park, Bafq Protected Area, Dar-e Anjir Wildlife Refuge, and Naybandan Wildlife Reserve.
During the 1970s, the Asiatic cheetah population in Iran was estimated to number about 200 individuals in 11 protected areas. By the end of the 1990s, the population was estimated at 50 to 100 individuals.
During camera-trapping surveys conducted across 18 protected areas between 2001 and 2012, a total of 82 individuals in 15–17 families were recorded and identified. Of these, only six individuals were recorded for more than three years. In this period, 42 cheetahs died due to poaching, in road accidents and due to natural causes. Populations are fragmented and known to survive in the Semnan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Yazd, Esfahan, and Kerman Provinces.
In summer 2018, a female cheetah and four cubs were sighted in Touran Wildlife Refuge Iran's Semnan province.
Former range
The Asiatic cheetah once ranged from the Arabian Peninsula and Near East to Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan to India.
It is considered regionally extinct in all of its former range, with the only known surviving population being Iran.
In Iraq, the cheetah was still recorded in the desert west of Basrah in 1926. The last record was published in 1991, and it was a cheetah that had been killed by a car. In the Sinai peninsula, a sighting of two cheetahs was reported in 1946. In the Arabian Peninsula, it used to occur in the northern and southeastern fringes and had been reported in both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait before 1974. Two cheetahs were killed in the northern Saudi Ha'il Region in 1973. In Yemen, the last known cheetah was sighted in Wadi Mitan in 1963, near the international border with Oman. In Oman's Dhofar Mountains, a cheetah was shot near Jibjat in 1977.
In Central Asia, uncontrolled hunting of cheetahs and their prey, severe winters and conversion of grassland to areas used for agriculture contributed to the population's decline. By the early 20th century, the range in Central Asia had decreased significantly. By the 1930s, cheetahs were confined to the Ustyurt plateau and Mangyshlak Peninsula in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and to the foothills of the Kopet Dag mountains and a region in the south of Turkmenistan bordering Iran and Afghanistan. The last known sightings in the area were in 1957 between the Tejen and Murghab Rivers, in July 1983 in the Ustyurt plateau, and in November 1984 in the Kopet Dag. Officers of the Badhyz State Nature Reserve did not sight a cheetah in this area until 2014; the border fence between Iran and Turkmenistan might impede dispersal.
The cheetah population in Afghanistan decreased to the extent that it has been considered extinct since the 1950s. Two skins were sighted in markets in the country, one in 1971, and another in 2006, the latter reportedly from Samangan Province.
In India, the cheetah occurred in Rajputana, Punjab, Sind, and south of the Ganges from Bengal to the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. It was also present in the Kaimur District, Darrah and other desert regions of Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat and Central India. Akbar the Great was introduced to cheetahs around the mid-16th century and used them for coursing blackbucks, chinkaras and antelopes. He allegedly possessed 1,000 cheetahs during his reign but this figure might be exaggerated since there is no evidence of housing facilities for so many animals, nor of facilities to provide them with sufficient meat every day.
Trapping of adult cheetahs, who had already learned hunting skills from wild mothers, for assisting in royal hunts is said to be another major cause of the species' rapid decline in India, as there is only one record of a litter ever born to captive animals. By the beginning of the 20th century, wild Asiatic cheetahs sightings were rare in India, so much so that between 1918 and 1945, Indian princes imported cheetahs from Africa for coursing. Three of India's last cheetahs were shot by the Maharajah of Surguja in 1948. A female was sighted in 1951 in Koriya district, northwestern Chhattisgarh.
Ecology and behaviour
Most sightings of cheetahs in the Miandasht Wildlife Refuge between January 2003 and March 2006 occurred during the day and near watercourses. These observations suggest that they are most active when their prey is.
Camera-trapping data obtained between 2009 and 2011 indicate that some cheetahs travel long distances. A female was recorded in two protected areas that are about apart and intersected by railway and two highways. Her three male siblings and a different adult male were recorded in three reserves, indicating that they have large home ranges.
Diet
The Asiatic cheetah preys on medium-sized herbivores including chinkara, goitered gazelle, wild sheep, wild goat and cape hare. In Khar Turan National Park, cheetahs use a wide range of habitats, but prefer areas close to water sources. This habitat overlaps to 61% with wild sheep, 36% with onager, and 30% with gazelle.
In India, prey was formerly abundant. Before its extinction in the country, the cheetah fed on the blackbuck, the chinkara, and sometimes the chital and the nilgai.
Reproduction
Evidence of females successfully raising cubs is very rare. A few observations in Iran indicate that they give birth throughout the year to one to four cubs. In April 2003, four cubs found in a den had still closed eyes. In November 2004, a cub was recorded by a camera-trap that was about 6–8 months old. Breeding success depends on availability of prey.
In October 2013, a female with four cubs were filmed in Khar Turan National Park. In December 2014, four cheetahs were sighted and photographed by camera traps in the same national park. In January 2015, three other adult Asiatic cheetahs and a female with her cub were sighted in Miandasht Wildlife Refuge. Eleven cheetahs were also sighted at the time, and another four a month later. In July 2015, five adult cheetahs and three cubs were spotted in Khar Turan National Park.
Threats
The Asiatic cheetah has been listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1996. Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, wildlife conservation was interrupted for several years. Manoeuvres with armed vehicles were carried in steppes, and local people hunted cheetahs and prey species unchecked. The gazelle population declined in many areas, and cheetahs retreated to remote mountainous habitats.
Reduced gazelle numbers, persecution, land-use change, habitat degradation and fragmentation, and desertification contributed to the decline of the cheetah population. The cheetah is affected by loss of prey as a result of antelope hunting and overgrazing from introduced livestock. Its prey was pushed out as herders entered game reserves with their herds. A herder pursued a female cheetah with two cubs on his motorbike, until one of the cubs was so exhausted that it collapsed. He caught and kept it chained in his home for two weeks, until it was rescued by officers of the Iranian Department of Environment.
Mining development and road construction near reserves also threaten the population. Coal, copper, and iron have been mined in cheetah habitat in three different regions in central and eastern Iran. It is estimated that the two regions for coal (Nayband) and iron (Bafq) have the largest cheetah population outside protected areas. Mining itself is not a direct threat to the population; road construction and the resulting traffic have made the cheetah accessible to humans, including poachers. The Iranian border regions to Afghanistan and Pakistan, viz the Baluchistan Province, are major passages for armed outlaws and opium smugglers who are active in the central and western regions of Iran, and pass through cheetah habitat. Uncontrolled hunting throughout the desert cannot be effectively controlled by the governments of the three countries.
Conflict between livestock herders and cheetahs is also threatening the population outside protected areas. Several herders killed cheetahs to prevent livestock loss, or for trophies, trade and fun. Some herders are accompanied by large mastiff-type dogs into protected areas. These dogs killed five cheetahs between 2013 and 2016.
Between 2007 and 2011, six cheetahs, 13 predators and 12 Persian gazelles died in Yazd Province following collisions with vehicles on a transit road. At least 11 Asiatic cheetahs were killed in road accidents between 2001 and 2014. The road network in Iran constitutes a very high risk for the small population as it impedes connectivity between population units.
Efforts to stop the construction of a road through the core of the Bafq Protected Area were unsuccessful.
Between 1987 and 2018, 56 cheetahs died in Iran because of humans; 26 were killed by herders or their dogs.
Conservation efforts
In September 2001, the project "Conservation of the Asiatic Cheetah and its Associated Biota" was launched by the Iranian Department of Environment in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme's Global Environment Facility, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the IUCN Cat Specialist Group, the Cheetah Conservation Fund and the Iranian Cheetah Society.
Personnel of Wildlife Conservation Society and the Iranian Department of Environment started radio-collaring Asiatic cheetahs in February 2007. The cats' movements are monitored using GPS collars. International sanctions have made some projects, such as obtaining camera traps, difficult.
A few orphaned cubs have been raised in captivity, such as Marita who died at the age of nine years in 2003. Beginning in 2006, the day of his death, 31 August, became the Cheetah Conservation Day, used to inform the public about conservation programs.
In 2014, the Iranian national football team announced that their 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2015 AFC Asian Cup kits are imprinted with pictures of the Asiatic cheetah in order to bring attention to conservation efforts. In February 2015, Iran launched a search engine, Yooz, that features a cheetah as logo. In May 2015, the Iranian Department of Environment announced plans to quintuple the penalty for poaching a cheetah to 100 million tomans (around US$2500 as of February 2022). In September 2015, Meraj Airlines introduced the new livery of Iranian Cheetah to support its conservation efforts.
Iranian officials have discussed constructing wildlife crossings to reduce the number of deaths in traffic accidents.
In 2014, an Asiatic cheetah was cloned for the first time by scientists from the University of Buenos Aires. The embryo was not born.
In captivity
In February 2010, photos of an Asiatic cheetah in a "Semi-Captive Breeding and Research Center of Iranian Cheetah" in Iran's Semnan province were published. Another news report stated that the centre is home to about ten Asiatic cheetahs in a semi-wild environment protected by wire fencing all around.
In January 2008, a male cub aged about 7–8 months was recovered from a sheep herder and brought into captivity. Wildlife officials in Miandasht Wildlife Refuge and the Turan National Park have raised a few orphaned cubs.
In December 2015, it was reported that 18 Asiatic cheetah cubs had recently been born at Pardisan Park.
Re-introduction proposals
The Asiatic cheetah whose long history on the Indian subcontinent gave the Sanskrit-derived vernacular name "cheetah" to the species Acinonyx jubatus, also had a gradual history of habitat loss there. In Punjab, before the thorn forests were cleared and extensively utilized for agriculture and human settlement, they were intermixed with open grasslands grazed by large herds of blackbuck; these coexisted with their main natural predator the Asiatic cheetah. The blackbuck, no longer extant in Punjab, is severely endangered in India. Later, more habitat loss, prey depletion, and trophy hunting were to lead to the extinction of the Asiatic cheetah in India by the early 1950s.
The debate over whether cheetah reintroduction is compatible with the stated aims of wildlife conservation, started soon after extinction was confirmed. In 1955, the former State Wildlife Board of Andhra Pradesh proposed the reintroduction of the Asiatic cheetah in two districts of the state, on an experimental basis. In 1965, the pros and cons of reintroduction were critically discussed by M. Krishnan in a newspaper article. In 1984, Divyabhanusinh was asked to write a paper on the prospect of cheetah reintroduction in India for the Ministry of Environment and Forests. This paper was subsequently sent to the Cat Specialist Group of Species Survival Commission of the IUCN, where it sparked international interest.
In the 1970s, India's Department of Environment formally wrote to the Iranian government to request Asiatic cheetahs in use for reintroduction and apparently received a positive response. The talks were stalled after the Shah of Iran was deposed in the Iranian Revolution, and the negotiations never progressed. In August 2009, Jairam Ramesh, the then-Minister of Environment, rekindled the talks with Iran for sharing a few of their animals. Iran had always been hesitant to commit to the idea, given the very low numbers present in the country. It is said that Iran wanted an Asiatic lion in exchange for a cheetah, and that India was not willing to export any of its lions. The plan to source cheetahs from Iran was eventually dropped in 2010.
Proposals for the introduction of African cheetahs were made by the Indian government in 2009, but disallowed by India's supreme court. The court reversed its decision in early 2020, allowing the import of a small number on an experimental basis for testing long-term adaptation. On 17 September 2022, five female and three male Southeast African cheetahs between ages four and six, a gift of the government of Namibia, were released in a small quarantined enclosure within the Kuno National Park in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The cheetahs, all fitted with radio collars, will remain in the quarantined enclosure for a month, whereupon initially the males and later the females will be released into the park.
The scientific reaction to the translocation has been mixed. Adrian Tordiffe, a wildlife veterinary pharmacologist at the University of Pretoria who is an enthusiast considers India to provide "protected space" for the fragmented and threatened population of the world's cheetahs. K. Ullas Karanth, one of India's foremost tiger experts has been critical of the effort, considering it to be a "PR exercise," which given India's realities involves "high mortalities," and requires a continual import of African cheetahs.
See also
Wildlife of Iran
Northeast African cheetah
Northwest African cheetah
Southeast African cheetah
East African cheetah
American cheetahs (Miracinonyx)
Cheetah Conservation Fund
References
External links
The Persian Cheetah
Spotted big cat in Turkmenistan
Asiatic cheetah embryos cloned at Royan Institute
Asiatic cheetah
Felids of Asia
Fauna of South Asia
Fauna of Western Asia
Fauna of Iran
Critically endangered fauna of Asia
Extinct animals of Pakistan
Species endangered by habitat loss
Species endangered by habitat fragmentation
Asiatic cheetah
Asiatic cheetah |
6899782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Clue%20in%20the%20Crumbling%20Wall | The Clue in the Crumbling Wall | The Clue in the Crumbling Wall is the twenty-second volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1945 under Carolyn Keene, a pseudonym of the ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.
Plot
Nancy and her friends work to find an inheritance concealed in the walls of an old mansion before it can be discovered and stolen by an unscrupulous and crude man.
Covers
The original art, by R. H. Tandy shows Nancy (in a shirtwaist dress), Bess and George removing a box that they have found while hiding from two men were "hacking" away at the stone walls of a garden walkway. Bess is depicted with very dark blonde-light brown hair, and all three girls are in feminine clothing, contrary to what the text of the book describes (riding pants/slacks and casual blouses with sturdy boots/shoes). Nancy is depicted in the same dress in the frontispiece.
The cover was updated with revised art in 1962 to show the same scene, with all three girls again in dresses or skirts, and Nancy's hair changed to Titian red. In this cover, the men are on the other side of the wall. The frontispiece was not updated in this edition.
The story was revised for a 1973 edition with new art showing a montage of Heath Castle, the male vandals, and a perplexed and puzzled Nancy. The art work of the 1973 edition included a frontispiece and the internal illustrations that were described as crude and lacking in detail, according to adult critics and collectors.
Nancy Drew books
1945 American novels
1945 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
44496584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accursio%20Bentivegna | Accursio Bentivegna | Accursio Bentivegna (born 21 June 1996) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Juve Stabia.
Club career
Born in Sciacca, Province of Agrigento, Sicily, Bentivegna started his career at Palermo, playing for their Primavera side. He made his Serie A debut for Palermo against Sampdoria as a substitute replacing Franco Vázquez. On 31 August 2014, he moved to Como on loan. He scored his first goal for Como on 27 October 2015, in a 3−1 defeat against Cesena. After scarcely playing for Palermo's first team, he was loaned out to Serie B club Ascoli in January 2017.
On 18 September 2020, he joined Juve Stabia. On 7 January 2021, he was loaned to Imolese.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
Profile at Palermo F.C.
1996 births
Living people
People from Sciacca
Sportspeople from the Province of Agrigento
Footballers from Sicily
Italian footballers
Association football forwards
Palermo F.C. players
Como 1907 players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
Carrarese Calcio players
S.S. Juve Stabia players
Imolese Calcio 1919 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Italy youth international footballers |
44496591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divan%20Japonais%20%28lithograph%29 | Divan Japonais (lithograph) | Divan Japonais is a lithograph poster by French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. It was created to advertise a café-chantant that was at the time known as Divan Japonais. The poster depicts three persons from the Montmartre of Toulouse-Lautrec's time. Dancer Jane Avril is in the audience. Beside her is writer Édouard Dujardin. They are watching a performance by Yvette Guilbert. Though her face is not included in the poster, she is recognizable by her tall, thin frame and long black gloves.
References
Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Lithographs |
17327800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20at%20the%201992%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20freestyle%2052%20kg | Wrestling at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 52 kg | The men's freestyle 52 kilograms at the 1992 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya from August 3 to August 5. The wrestlers are divided into 2 groups. The winner of each group decided by a double-elimination system.
Results
Legend
WO — Won by walkover
Elimination A
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Summary
Elimination B
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Summary
Finals
Final standing
References
External links
Official Report
Freestyle 52kg |
44496596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.C.%20Tira | F.C. Tira | F.C. Tira (), Moadon Sport Tira, lit. Tira Sport Club (or in short Mem Samekh Tira, lit. F.C. Tira) is an Israeli football club based in Tira. The club is currently in Liga Alef North division.
History
The club was founded in 2005, after the previous clubs of the city, Hapoel Tira and Maccabi Bnei Tira, were folded in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Upon its establishment, F.C. Tira received the players of the defunct Maccabi Bnei Tira, which in the previous season, following failed attempt to promote the club, received itself the players of the defunct Hapoel Tira, which folded due to economic and political problems, after playing for only one season in Liga Artzit, the third tier of Israeli football at the time, in 2003–04.
F.C. Tira folded in 2009, following consistent failures to achieve promotion from Liga Gimel to Liga Bet. However, the club was reformed after one season hiatus, and with the help of Abet Titi and Haim Yirmiyahu, won Liga Gimel Sharon division in the 2010–11 season and promoted to Liga Bet.
In the 2012–13 season, the club finished fourth in Liga Bet South A division and qualified for the promotion play-offs, where they lost 1–2 to Hapoel Bik'at HaYarden in the first round.
Honours
League
1Achieved by Hapoel Tira
Cups
External links
Moadon Sport Tira The Israel Football Association
References
Tira
Association football clubs established in 2005
2005 establishments in Israel
Arab-Israeli football clubs |
17327808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308%20LEN%20Euroleague | 2007–08 LEN Euroleague | The 2007–08 LEN Euroleague was the 45th edition of LEN's premier competition for men's water polo clubs. It ran from 26 September 2007 to 10 May 2008, and was contested by 42 teams. The Final Four (semifinals, final, and third place game) took place on May 9 and May 10 in Barcelona. The winning team was Pro Recco from Italy.
Qualifying round 1
Group A (Istanbul)
Preliminary round
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 26 March, and the second legs were played on 9 April 2008.
|}
Final Four (Barcelona)
Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc, Barcelona, Spain
Final standings
LEN Champions League seasons
Champions League
2007 in water polo
2008 in water polo |
23573506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach%20%28season%2013%29 | Bleach (season 13) | The thirteenth season of the Bleach anime series is based on Tite Kubo's Bleach manga series. It is known as the , is directed by Noriyuki Abe and produced by TV Tokyo, Dentsu, and Studio Pierrot. The anime original season focuses on an alternative set of events in which the Soul Reaper's swords, zanpakutō, assume human forms and declare war against their wielders, led by a mysterious man named Muramasa, who is a former zanpakutō.
The season began airing on July 28, 2009 until April 6, 2010 on TV Tokyo in Japan. The English adaptation of the Bleach anime is licensed by Viz Media. The season began airing on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim on November 13, 2011 in the United States, eventually joining the lineup of the newly relaunched Toonami programming block on the same network on May 27, 2012 and ended on August 5, 2012. Aniplex released the season in a series of nine DVD volumes, each containing the first four episodes, from May 26, 2010 to January 26, 2011.
The episodes use five pieces of theme music: two opening themes and three closing themes. The first opening theme, by Scandal, and the first ending theme, "Mad Surfer" by Kenichi Asai, are used for episodes 230 to 242. The second opening theme, by Porno Graffitti, and the second ending theme, by SunSet Swish, are used from episode 243 to 255. The third ending theme, by RSP is used for episodes 256 to 265.
Episode list
References
General
Specific
2009 Japanese television seasons
2010 Japanese television seasons
Season 13 |
20465482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Potrero%20de%20los%20Funes%20TC2000%20round | 2008 Potrero de los Funes TC2000 round | The 2008 TC2000 in San Luis was the 13th race of the 2008 TC2000 season. It took place at the Potrero de los Funes Circuit in Argentina on 23 November 2008.
Results
TC 2000 Championship |
17327832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe%20Winkelman | Babe Winkelman | Babe Winkelman (born April 24, 1949) is an American sportsman and television producer, known for television programs about hunting and fishing. His program Good Fishing was first syndicated internationally in the mid-1980s. As of 2017, Winkelman produces an additional program, Outdoor Secrets, which with Good Fishing, airs in the United States and internationally on channels such as CBS Sports, American Hero Channel, and Destination America. His programs are also available globally on 25,000 hyper-local websites across the U.S. and Roku, Apple TV, Opera TV, Amazon Fire, and Netflix.
Early life
Donald Edward "Babe" Winkelman (nicknamed by his father after baseball giant Babe Ruth) grew up on a dairy farm near the small town of Duelm, Minnesota. He started fishing at age 6 on Stoney Brook, a stream that ran through the family farm. It was there that he started to understand how fish moved around through the seasons and there that his "Pattern Approach" to fishing got its roots. Pheasants were abundant on the farm as well and his hunting career started there with his first pheasant kill at age 8. Deer hunting started as a driver at age 10 and he shot his first buck at age 12.
Through endless hours of hunting and fishing, Babe polished his skills. During the 1960s, Babe spent a lot of time at the family cabin on Hay Lake near Longville, where he refined his "pattern" approach to fishing that he continues to teach others today. He started working construction after graduating eighth grade and continued learning carpentry throughout high school. He learned from his father, Don Winkelman Sr., who was a carpentry master. Less than two months after graduating high school, he became the youngest person in the history of Minnesota to get his journeyman's Union card. Babe spent his nights playing lead guitar and singing in bands.
In May 1969, he started Winkelman Building Corporation Inc., a construction company, along with his brother Dennis and father Don. In February 1970, Johnny Winter called him 3 times for him to go on a world tour as lead guitarist for his band. He decided he couldn't leave his dad and the construction business, and his music career became a hobby that he still practices to this day. By the time Babe was 25, the company had grown into 6 corporations with nearly 200 employees. Babe decided his interests were elsewhere, and he embarked on a full-time career in the outdoors.
Outdoor life
He started guiding fishermen in 1965 and started fishing tournaments in 1970. In 1973, he helped found the Minnesota State Bass Federation to get bass tournaments started and served as president for nearly 3 years. 1973 was also the year Babe started writing for outdoor publications and gave his first seminar to teach fishing. Babe started in the outdoors full-time in 1975, where he guided, fished tournaments, taught at seminars, and did promotional work for Lindy/Little Joe Fishing Tackle. He became a field editor for Fishing Facts magazine, writing for them and a host of other publications.
In the last four decades, Babe has written many articles and has guest hosted hundreds of radio shows and podcast episodes. In 1978, he was hired by S.C. Johnson to introduce a new product to America, "Deep Woods OFF." The commercial was Babe, "as a professional fisherman", needing a stronger insect repellent because of his outdoor endeavors. Babe's fishing television series, Good Fishing, first hit the airwaves in 1980. This prompted him to start Babe Winkelman Productions Inc. and set up his own studio. For nearly 40 years he has owned the trademark,"Teaching America to Fish." The show was educational and involved his whole family. The show kept growing in size and covered the U.S. and Canada. During the 1980s, Babe authored a series of "how to" books on fishing, was the only person to use audio tapes to teach fishing, was the first to develop videos that taught fishing starting in 1984, and went on to produce nearly 100 different titles in the next decade.
Appearances
The Saturday Evening Post ran a feature on Babe in 1987. He was also featured in People Magazine in 1988, Midwest Living around 1990, and thousands of other newspaper and magazine articles, radio, and TV appearances. Excerpts of Good Fishing appeared three times on Married... with Children and about a dozen different movies. Babe was also a guest on Donny & Marie. 1988 was also the year Babe aired his second television series, Outdoor Secrets (hunting series), which was the first hunting show on the air since 1978. Winkelman spoke at a presidential rally for President George W. Bush in 2004.
Awards
In 1988, Babe was inducted into the Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame. In 1992, he was inducted into the Sports Legends Hall of Fame alongside professional boxer Evander Holyfield, baseball player Pete Rose, and 30 other athletes from around the world. Babe is the only outdoorsman ever to be inducted into this hall of fame. In 2001, he was inducted into the Fishing Hall of Fame of Minnesota. In 2007, he was given the Excellence in Craft award by the Outdoor Writers Association of America (OWAA), their most prestigious award for his work with television. Babe Winkelman's production company has won a couple hundred awards for production excellence, including 87 in a two-year span. This included the New York Film Festival, the WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival (for a commercial), and production awards including the Teddy, Addy, and the Golden Moose Awards. In 2013, Babe and Kris were nominated by Otter Tail County as Conservationists of the Year for the state of Minnesota. The award recognized the work they have done at some land they bought for hunting with the whole family in 2002 and turned it into a wilderness paradise. In 2015, Babe was inducted into the Legends of the Outdoors National Hall of Fame.
References
Sources
Biography of Babe Winkelman
Interview with Babe Winkelman - Gundogmag.com
Karlee Winkelman participates in cancer benefit - mnbound.com
External links
Babe Winkelman Productions
http://pursuitchannel.com/portfolio/babe-winkelmans-good-fishing/
http://www.destinationamerica.com/tv-shows/babe-winkelmans-good-fishing/
https://www.ispot.tv/ad/AXtQ/babe-winkelman-productions-app-daily-videos
Living people
American fishers
Fishing television series
People from Benton County, Minnesota
People from Cass County, Minnesota
People from Crow Wing County, Minnesota
1949 births |
17327833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regimental%20Aid%20Post | Regimental Aid Post | In the British Army, Canadian Forces and other Commonwealth militaries, the Regimental Aid Post (RAP) is a front-line military medical establishment incorporated into an infantry battalion or armoured regiment for the immediate treatment and triage of battlefield casualties. In the US forces, the equivalent is the Battalion Aid Station.
The term has been used continuously since the First World War or earlier.
The RAP has traditionally been staffed by the unit's Medical Officer, a Medical NCO, and a small number of medical orderlies. Additionally, units have employed stretcher-bearers, and more recently trained medics, for the evacuation and immediate treatment of battlefield casualties.
The RAP has usually been the first stop in the evacuation chain for seriously injured personnel, who are then transported to casualty clearing stations and other larger medical units further to the rear. RAPs are not usually equipped to provide surgical treatment or long-term care.
See also
Aid station
Military medicine in the United Kingdom
Military medicine in Australia |
23573519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20Gonna%20Get%20Married | I'm Gonna Get Married | "I'm Gonna Get Married" is a 1959 R&B/pop hit written by Harold Logan and Lloyd Price and recorded by Lloyd Price. Lloyd's last known performance of "I'm Gonna Get Married" was on July 8, 1994.
Background
The lyrics are addressed to Lloyd as "Johnny" throughout the song. it's a lyrical battle between the chorus, who keep telling Johnny that he's too young to get married, despite how smart he is, and Johnny, who plans to marry the girl he loves, admitting that he's not smart enough to aid his aching heart. Johnny goes on to tell what happens when he's with his girl, which he cannot help it at all.
Lyrics
Johnny, Johnny, Johnny)
(Johnny, you're too young)
But I'm gonna get married
(You're so young)
My name she'll carry
(You're too young)
(And Johnny you're so smart)
But not smart enough to hide
An aching heart
How come my heart deserts me
Burning full of love and desire
How come every time she kisses me
It sets my soul on fire
How come every time she leaves me
It seems like I've lost a part
I may be too young to marry
But not to hide an aching heart
(Johnny, you're too young)
But I'm gonna get married
(You're so young)
My name she'll carry
(You're too young)
(And Johnny you're so smart)
But not smart enough to hide
An aching heart
How come every time she kisses me
It thrills me from head to toe
How come every time I see her
It lifts me right off the floor
How come every time I'm with her
She whispers so soft and low
It makes me want to jump and holler
And bump my head into a door
(Johnny, you're too young)
But I'm gonna get married
(You're so young)
My name she'll carry
(You're too young)
(And Johnny you're so smart)
But not smart enough to hide
An aching heart
(Too young) but I'm gonna get married
(You're so young) my name she'll carry
(You're too young) but I'm gonna get married
(You're so young) my name she'll carry
(You're too young)
Charts
The single was his follow-up to "Personality" and, like that entry, "I'm Gonna Get Married" went to number one on the Billboard R&B chart, where it stayed for three consecutive weeks. The single was the last of his four number ones, as well as his fifth Top 40 single, peaking at number three for two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart.
Chart history
References
1959 singles
Lloyd Price songs
Songs written by Lloyd Price
1959 songs |
23573522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath%20School%20%28disambiguation%29 | Sabbath School (disambiguation) | Sabbath School, Saturday pre-service lessons for a congregation of seventh-day Christian denominations
Sunday school, Christian religious school sessions for children held on Sundays, and known by some denominations as Sabbath School.
Hebrew school, Jewish religious school sessions for children, sometimes held on the Sabbath and then known as Sabbath School. |
17327834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikgaw | Chikgaw | Chikgaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23573527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%AD%20Be%C5%99kovice | Dolní Beřkovice | Dolní Beřkovice () is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Podvlčí and Vliněves are administrative parts of Dolní Beřkovice.
References
Villages in Mělník District |
20465484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Timbalier%20%28AVP-54%29 | USS Timbalier (AVP-54) | USS Timbalier (AVP-54) was a of the United States Navy. She was commissioned shortly after the end of World War II, and served between 1946 and her decommissioning in 1954. She later saw commercial service as the Greek cruise ship MV Rodos.
Construction and commissioning
Timbalier was built at the Lake Washington Shipyard, at Houghton, Washington, with her keel laid down on 9 November 1942. She was launched on 18 April 1943, sponsored by Mrs. S. B. Dunlap. Timbalier, and her sister , were initially ordered in February 1944 to be completed at the Puget Sound Navy Yard, but were transferred back to the Lake Washington Shipyard in June 1945. The resulting delay meant that she was not commissioned until 24 May 1946.
US Navy career
Timbalier departed from Seattle, Washington on 20 June 1946, arriving at San Francisco, California, two days later on 22 June 1946. She transferred to Alameda, California, where she loaded stores and airplane spare parts before sailing for San Diego, California, on 26 June 1946. She underwent a period of sea trials off the United States West Coast, completing them on 27 July 1946. She then departed bound for Panama, transiting the Panama Canal on 3 August 1946. Timbalier then proceeded to the shipyards at New York City.
Timbalier was at the New York Naval Shipyard at Brooklyn, New York, until 8 November 1946, when she departed for Norfolk, Virginia, which she reached on 9 November 1946. She spent the rest of November 1946 in the vicinity of Hampton Roads, Virginia.
Timbalier departed Hampton Roads on 3 December 1946, bound for San Juan, Puerto Rico. She arrived there on 7 December 1946, beginning service with Fleet Air Wing 11 (FAW-11). She was based at Trinidad, and carried out operations in the Caribbean and off the United States East Coast. She served with FAW-11 as a tender for their Martin PBM Mariner flying boats for the rest of her naval career. With the increase in the Soviet submarine threat by 1951, the PBM Mariner squadrons deployed to carry out reconnaissance off the U.S. East Coast, and plansd called for them to concentrate on convoy defense and antisubmarine warfare in the event of conflict with the Soviet Union, supported by Timbalier, her sister ship , and the seaplane tender .
In 1952 Timbalier supported flying boat operations during Operation Mainbrace, a large-scale exercise of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's navies, off the Scandinavian and Icelandic coasts. During Mainbrace, Timbalier tended flying boats operating from Lerwick in the Shetland Islands.
Decommissioning, reserve, and disposal
Timbalier was decommissioned on 15 November 1954 and placed in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. She was struck from the Navy List on 1 May 1960, and was sold on 20 December 1960 to Panagiotis Kokkinos, of Piraeus, Greece.
Commercial service
After her sale, Timbalier became the Greek cruise ship . She was scrapped at Eleusis, Greece, in 1989.
References
Barnegat-class seaplane tenders
Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States
1943 ships
Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyard |
23573529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%AD%20Zimo%C5%99 | Dolní Zimoř | Dolní Zimoř is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mělník District |
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