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23573069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lede%C4%8Dko | Ledečko | Ledečko is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Vraník is an administrative part of Ledečko.
In popular culture
The 1403 recreation of the villages, called Ledetchko and Vranik, were featured in Czech role-playing game Kingdom Come: Deliverance.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dovice | Močovice | Močovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinteely%20F.C. | Cabinteely F.C. | Cabinteely Football Club () was an association football club based in Cabinteely, County Dublin, Ireland comprising adult and many youth under-age teams for both males and females, 60 teams in all. Cabinteely competed in the League of Ireland First Division from 2015–2021 after being granted a licence by the Football Association of Ireland in January 2015.
They made their debut in the League of Ireland First Division on 6 March 2015 and play their games at Stradbrook Road, the home of Blackrock College RFC .
The club, which was formed in 1967, fielded teams at every under-age level from under-8 to under-18 plus adult, taking part in several league and cup competitions such as those run by MGL, DDSL, SDFL, and LSL.
History
Cabinteely have changed their name over the years. In the early 1930s, they were commonly known as "the Blues from Cabinteely". In 1939, they won the Schoolboys League Cup in front of an estimated crowd of 6,000. In the 1930s, Cabinteely's squad included Peter Farrell. The club's name was changed to Cabinteely Boys around 1950, and the current club was formed in 1967, as Auburn F.C., beginning league football with one team. In 1973, Auburn F.C. was changed to Cabinteely Boys F.C., with the name later changed to just Cabinteely F.C. to acknowledge both the female members associated with the club and the ladies teams.
League of Ireland
Cabinteely finished 8th on 20 points in their debut season in the First Division in 2015. In 2016 Cabinteely finished in 7th above Athlone Town. In 2017, Cabinteely achieved the highest number of points ever at 38, more than doubling the previous year's figure. They also progressed further than ever before in the FAI Cup and Leinster Senior Cup. In a first for the club, Kieran Marty Waters was voted PFAI First Division Player of the Year. In 2017, Cabinteely released a 5-year strategic plan where the club planned to provide new facilities in their home of Kilboget Park rather than Stradbrook. The plan proposed a new clubhouse, a second all-weather pitch and a stadium.
Merger with Bray Wanderers
In November 2021, Cabinteely and Bray Wanderers announced a merger, technically a takeover of Wanderers by Cabinteely. The newly created team would be known as Bray Wanderers and continue to play in the Carlisle Grounds, with the intention to apply for a First Division licence. Bray's former manager Pat Devlin and then Director of Football (DoF) at Cabinteely became the DoF for the new Bray Wanderers.
Notable past players
Andy Keogh
Alan O'Brien
Stephanie Roche
Jason Knight
References
External links
Official Site
Association football clubs in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
Cabinteely
Leinster Senior League (association football) clubs
1967 establishments in Ireland
2021 disestablishments in Ireland
Defunct League of Ireland clubs
Former League of Ireland First Division clubs
Association football clubs established in 1967
Association football clubs disestablished in 2021 |
23573073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepom%C4%9B%C5%99ice | Nepoměřice | Nepoměřice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Bedřichov and Miletice are administrative parts of Nepoměřice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9%20Dvory%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Nové Dvory (Kutná Hora District) | Nové Dvory () is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Administrative parts
The village of Ovčáry is an administrative part of Nové Dvory.
History
The first written mention of Nové Dvory is from 1370.
Sights
The main landmarks are the Nové Dvory Castle with the Church of Saint Martin, connected together by an arcade corridor. The complex was built in 1686. Today the building of the castle serves as an elementary school.
References
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
23573079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%C5%99esane%C4%8D | Okřesaneč | Okřesaneč is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomy%C5%A1l | Onomyšl | Onomyšl is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Budy, Křečovice, Miletín and Rozkoš are administrative parts of Onomyšl.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opatovice%20I | Opatovice I | Opatovice I is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby village of the same name, Opatovice II within Uhlířské Janovice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17327583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demet%20Akal%C4%B1n | Demet Akalın | Demet Akalın (born 23 April 1972) is a Turkish singer and former model. Due to the popular songs she has released since the middle of the 2000s, she has become one of the most recognizable names of Turkish pop music.
Akalın, who was born in Gölcük, Kocaeli, initially decided to pursue a career in modeling and started working as a model for Neşe Erberk's agency. She also acted in a number of motion picture films and television series in the 1990s. Simultaneously with modeling, she started singing in the casinos, and released her first studio album, Sebebim in 1996 which was not successful. With the release of the album Banane in 2004, she became well-known in Turkey. The album's lead single, "Aşkın Açamadığı Kapı", earned Akalın a Turkey Music Award for the Song of the Year. Kusursuz 19 (2006) received a gold certification from Mü-Yap and with the success of Dans Et (2008), she became one of the influential figures of Turkish pop music. Her album Pırlanta was the best-selling album in Turkey in 2015. Many of her songs, including "Afedersin", "Mucize", "Toz Pembe" and "Hayalet", have been number-one hits in Turkey. Other songs such as "Tecrübe", "Çanta", "Olacak Olacak", "Sabıka", "İlahi Adalet" and "Ders Olsun" have ranked among the top 5 on Turkey's music charts.
Akalın, who is considered by music critics to have created her own style, has frequently appeared on the cover of magazines and has been the subject of numerous tabloid reports. From 2007 to 2018, she was in an on and off feud with Hande Yener, and their arguments were covered in the tabloids from time to time. After her marriages to Oğuz Kayhan in 2006 and Önder Bekensir in 2010 ended in divorce, she married Okan Kurt in 2012 and the couple's first child Hira was born in 2014. The couple divorced in 2018. To this day, she has won two Golden Butterfly Awards and four Kral Turkey Music Awards, and has received numerous other awards and nominations.
Life and career
1972–96: Early life and career beginnings
Demet Akalın was born on 23 April 1972 to Ali and Şenay Akalın in Gölcük, Kocaeli. Her paternal family has Laz ancestry, while her maternal grandmother, Iffet Hanim (1912-2011), was of Tatar descent and her maternal grandfather was of Bosniak descent. She attended primary and secondary schools in Gölcük and eventually got enrolled in Gölcük Barbaros Hayrettin Lisesi. With the help of her mother, she took modeling courses with Yaşar Alptekin. She subsequently joined Neşe Erberk's modeling agency. Meanwhile, she acted in a number of movies and TV series including Günlerden Pazar (1992), Tele Anahtar (1994) and Sensiz Olmaz (1994). She also appeared in a TV movie titled Hayatın Anlamı alongside Ece Sükan.
1996–2005: Sebebim, Unuttum and Banane
While continuing her modeling career, Akalın started to sing at casinos as well. In September 1996, her first studio album Sebebim (My Reason) was released by Elenor Plak. The songs were a mix of pop and Arabesque. Naim Dilmener wrote in his review for Hürriyet that Akalın was still inexperienced and her shaky vocals made the album poorly received. The album's lead single, titled "Sebebim", was written by Seda Akay and Niran Ünsal, for which a music video was released. Two other music videos were made for the songs "Asla Affedilmez" and "Sakın Vazgeçme". In 1998 Akalın got a role as Deniz in one episode of Kanal D's TV series Sibel.
In June 2000 her first EP Yalan Sevdan was released by Şahin Özer Müzik. A music video was made for the EP's song "Senin Anan Güzel mi?", which became Akalın's first hit in Turkey and Sırma Karasu of Habertürk later praised the song as one of the earliest examples of modern Turkish pop music. Akalın's second studio album Unuttum (I've Forgotten) was produced by Peker Müzik and released in June 2003. All of the new songs in the album were written by Ersay Üner and three music videos were made for the album's lead single, "Unuttum", as well as the songs "Gazete" and "Allahından Bul".
In December 2004, her third album Banane (I Don't Care) was released by Seyhan Müzik. The songs on this album were written by Serdar Ortaç and Yıldız Tilbe. The album sold 40,000 copies and eight music videos were made for the songs "Bittim", "Aşkın Açamadığı Kapı", "Banane", "Vuracak", "Bir Anda Sevmiştim", "Tamamdır", "Pembe Dizi" and "Adam Gibi", the second of which was chosen as the Song of the Year at the 12th Turkey Music Awards. Critics drew similarities between "Banane"'s music vido and Madonna's short film "Star" made in 2002 for BMW. Akalın's future husband, Oğuz Kayhan, appeared in the music video for "Pembe Dizi".
2006–09: Kusursuz 19 and Dans Et
Akalın wrote a few songs for her fourth studio album Kusursuz 19 (The Perfect 19) which was produced by Seyhan Müzik and released in June 2006. The album was released with high hopes to make Akalın a solid figure of Turkish pop music as, in Akalın's words, "Hande Yener was a bit distressed because her new tape was very European, and Gülşen was having problems due to her troubled relationship with her producer. As they are dealing with their problems and losing blood, I will take my place in the music market with my new album." The album sold 147,000 copies, got a gold certification from Mü-Yap and its lead single "Afedersin" became a number-one hit on Türkçe Top 20. Separate music videos were also made for the songs "Herkes Hakettiği Gibi Yaşıyor", "Mantık Evliliği" and "Alçak". Akalın received the award for Best Female Artist at the 13th Turkey Music Awards and "Afedersin" was chosen as the Best Song of the Year. In July 2006, she married restaurant owner Oğuz Kayhan and the couple got divorced in November. Akalın later stated that they were divorced because they had fallen in disagreement about having children.
Akalın did not intend to release any new works for a period of time, but at the request of her fans, she eventually released the single "Tatil" in June. Meanwhile, she got into a feud with Hande Yener. Yener had said: "I do western music, so I can not compete with those who make fantasy music. What Demet does is not similar to my style." to which Akalın responded by saying: "If she does not like me, why is she after my works? It is obvious that she takes all the works that I don't like or refuse to do for herself." Yener subsequently took a case to the court asking for 50,000 on the grounds that Akalın had insulted her and attacked her verbally, but the court said that they did not find any insult in Akalın's words. The feud continued when Yener said: "Demet? She's a grocery singer. What she does is 'grocery music'. No doubt. The likes of her are the followers of Serdar Ortaç." Akalın responded by saying: "Oh, she does electronic music? It's more likely that she's been electrocuted." and won 10,000 in the court in a case against Yener. Hürriyet chose the phrase 'grocery music' as one of the core words of 2007 and Sırma Karasu from Habertürk described the grocery music debate as one of the breaking points of Turkish pop music. After this point, the feud between the two continued on numerous occasions.
Akalın's fifth studio album Dans Et (Dance) was produced by Seyhan Müzik and released in March 2008 with Ersay Üner writing and composing most of the songs. By the end of the year it sold 128,000 copies in Turkey and received a gold certification from Mü-Yap. Critics reacted negatively to slow-paced songs but praised the dance songs. The lead single "Mucize" ranked number one on Billboard Türkiyes Türkçe Top 20 for seven weeks. After making a music video for "Mucize", separate music videos were released for the songs "Bebek", "Gururum" and "Dans Et". "Bebek" became the third most-played song on radio in Turkey in 2008. At a concert in Bodrum in May 2008 Akalın said to a group of audience: "Bro, are you all from Diyarbakır? From the mountain side? I didn't understand where you came from. You're just looking like morons. One gives a round of applause or something." These words made her subject to a large number of reactions. She responded by saying: "The words I have said were a joke at my own friends from Diyarbakır who had come to see my performance. If the joke I made with all my sincerity towards my friends has been misunderstood, I apologize to all my fans from Diyarbakır." The criticism continued and seven businessmen from Diyarbakır accused Akalın of "publicly denouncing a section of society based on social class, sex, and regional difference". In 2010, the court decided to postpone the announcement of the judgment and, as a precautionary measure, the singer was ordered to write the words of the İstiklal Marşı on a page and make a five-page comment on the anthem.
In April 2009, Akalın released the single "Toz Pembe", which ranked number one on Türkçe Top 20. While the song was favorably received by some critics, it was considered by some as a replay of the singer's previous works.
2010–14: Zirve, Giderli 16 and Rekor
In January 2010, Akalın married the businessman Önder Bekensir, but just like her first marriage this one also ended after a few months. In July, the couple applied to the court on the grounds of severe disagreement and they divorced over the course of 20 minutes. In April, she released her sixth studio album Zirve (Peak), which sold 83,000 copies and made her the eighth best-selling artist in Turkey in 2010. She later jokingly said that this album was full of "grocery songs to the bottom". Critics noted that the album contained "flat pop music rant" and was mostly commercial. The albums's lead single, "Tecrübe", ranked number two on Turkey's music charts. The first music video for the song was directed by Teoman Topçu, who spent 40,000 for its preparation, but as some drew similarities between the clip and Corenell's music video for "Keep on Jumpin'", Akalın set the video aside and worked with Tamer Aydoğdu on a second video clip for the song. Five other music videos were made for the songs "Evli, Mutlu, Çocuklu", "Çanta", "Bozuyorum Yeminimi", "Umutsuz Vaka" and "Olacak Olacak". Akalın's former husband appeared in the music video for "Evli, Mutlu, Çocuklu" and Tan Taşçı appeared in the music video for "Çanta", which was directed by Akalın herself. "Çanta" and "Olacak Olacak" ranked third and fourth on Turkey's official music charts. On 3 August 2010, Akalın performed for the first time at the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre, and Murat Dalkılıç made an appearance on the stage as well.
In May 2011 Akalın began preparations for her new studio album and in summer she released her second EP Aşk, followed by the newly recorded song "Ben de Özledim" together with Ferdi Tayfur. Three months before that she had collaborated with Fettah Can on the song "Yanan Ateşi Söndürdük". Her EP sold 40,000 copies and one of its songs, "Sabıka", ranked among the top five on Turkey's music charts. In July, she performed at the 52nd International Nasrettin Teachers Memorial and Humor Days in Akşehir, Konya, and said to the district governor Ahmet Katırcı: "You covered your ears with your hands for an hour. Are you disturbed, 'uncle'? You're making me lose my concentration." These words resulted in a backlash from the district governor. Katırcı said that he had covered his ears as he was suffering from vertigo and accused Akalın of being disrespectful saying: "A professional artist, who has been on stage for many years, should know that she should not address a person who has come to see her performance as 'uncle'." Next month, Akalın's house in Beykoz was robbed and 100,000 cash and some jewelry were stolen. Akalın later sued the robbers for 600,000, five of whom were sent to prison. In October, she got a role as a supporting actress on TNT's TV series Yıldız Masalı and the next month her duet with Alişan, "Melekler İmza Topluyor", was released.
In March 2012, she played in a commercial for Morhipo together with Hande Yener. As to why they accepted the advertising offer, Akalın said: "They paid us a lot, we could not say no!" In the same month, she was featured on Erdem Kınay's album Proje, performing the songs "Rota" and "Emanet". The next month she married her third husband Okan Kurt. In May, her concert in Nicosia was cut short because of a protest during which plastic bottles were thrown at the stage, and the reason for this action was stated to be due to the comments she had made in Diyarbakır back in 2008. After a while Akalın posted a message on Twitter and said: "Killers of an unborn baby! All my curses be upon those who bothered me." hinting that she had had a miscarriage due to the criticism that she had faced in the press. Her seventh studio album Giderli 16 (Break Up 16) was released in November 2012 and sold 69,000 copies in Turkey, becoming the ninth best-selling album of the year. The critics stated that Akalın had continued to repeat the style of her previous works in this album and that she was making commercial-like music to sell out the album. Ersay Üner was featured on the lead single "Yılan". The song "Türkan", which was written as a tribute to Türkan Şoray, was chosen as the Best Song at the Turkey Music Awards and the 40th Golden Butterfly Awards. After these two songs, new music videos for "Giderli Şarkılar", "Yıkıl Karşımdan" (feat. Gökhan Özen), "Kalbindeki İmza", "Sepet", "Nasip Değilmiş" (duet with Özcan Deniz) and "Felaket" were released.
From March to June 2013, Akalın served as a judge on Popstar 2013 for 13 episodes together with Bülent Ersoy, Orhan Gencebay and Serdar Ortaç. After learning that she was pregnant, she canceled ten concerts in Europe at the end of the year from which she was supposed to earn 410,000. In February 2014, Akalın gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Hira, in Istanbul, and two months later her eighth studio album Rekor (Record) was released by Seyhan Müzik. The album sold 89,000 copies, becoming the number-one best-selling album in Turkey. Akalın recorded different music videos for the songs "İlahi Adalet", "Rekor", "Koltuk", "Nefsi Müdafaa" and "Yeminim Var". Out of these songs, the first one ranked second on Turkey's official music chart, and singer Gökhan Özen was the featuring artist on the fourth one. Music critic Yavuz Hakan Tok wrote that Akalın, who claimed that she did not have any concerns over the success of this album, was in fact trying to maintain her current popularity with the release of Rekor. Tok found this album's potential of becoming a hit low compared to Akalın's previous albums. In October, she was the guest judge at Show TV's Bu Tarz Benim. In the same month, she stopped working with Seyhan Müzik, the production company with which she had worked since 2004.
2015–present: Pırlanta, Rakipsiz and Ateş
In December 2014, Akalın signed a 750,000 contract with DMC to produce a new album. In the early months of 2015 she started working on her ninth studio album; meanwhile she was featured on Emrah Karaduman's song "İntikam" and Sinan Akçıl's song "Vazgeçilmezim". In June, her new album Pırlanta (Diamond) was released, and its lead single "Ders Olsun" ranked second on Turkey's official music chart. The album itself became the best-selling album in Turkey, and sold 105,000 copies, receiving a gold certification from DMC. Following "Ders Olsun", new music videos were released for the songs "Gölge", "Çalkala", "Beş Yıl", "Pırlanta" and "Şerefime Namusuma". In the same year in August, Akalın took part in the first season of TV8's singing competition Rising Star Türkiye as a judge alongside Gülben Ergen, Fuat Güner and Mustafa Sandal.
In February 2016, Akalın was cast in a supporting role together with her husband in Osman Pazarlama. In November, her tenth studio album Rakipsiz (Unrivaled) was released and its lead single, "Hayalet", became a number-one hit on the official music chart for two weeks. On 11 September 2018, Akalın and her husband Okan Kurt divorced due to "irreconcilable differences". Their daughter's custody was given to Akalın. Akalın's house was reportedly being under the threat of confiscation due to the debts of Martaş Logistics, a company run by her husband's family. The couple later reconciled in late November 2018, but are not legally married. By the end of the year, Akalın and fellow singer Hande Yener reconciled after an 11-year feud which made them the subject of many tabloid news.
Akalın's eleventh studio album, Ateş (Fire), was released by DMC on 18 April 2019. The album's first music video, "N'apıyorsan Yap", was released on 19 April 2019, four days prior to the album's release on digital platforms. It was followed by music videos for the songs "Ağlar O Deli", "Esiyor" and "Yekten". In December 2020, Akalın launched her own cosmetic collection under the name DA.
Philanthropy
Demet Akalın donated 50,000 and 10,000 to Mehmetçik Foundation in 2016 and 2017 respectively. In 2019, she donated proceeds from her concert at the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre to the same charity. In December 2019, Akalın together with Hande Yener and producer Polat Yağcı had a meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Prevention of child abuse and violence against women were among the discussed topics during the meeting.
Discography
Sebebim (1996)
Unuttum (2003)
Banane (2004)
Kusursuz 19 (2006)
Dans Et (2008)
Zirve (2010)
Giderli 16 (2012)
Rekor (2014)
Pırlanta (2015)
Rakipsiz (2016)
Ateş (2019)
Filmography
Films
Günlerden Pazar (1992)
Sensiz Olmaz (1994)
Tele Anahtar (1994)
Osman Pazarlama (2016)
TV series
Sibel (1998)
En İyi Arkadaşım (2006)
Television programs
As judge
Popstar 2013 (2013)
Bu Tarz Benim (2014) (guest judge)
Rising Star Türkiye (2015)
As presenter
Daha Ne Olsun (2007) (presented together with Alişan)
Evlilik Hayatı (2010) (presented together with Önder Bekensir)
Demet ve Alişan ile Sabah Sabah (2020–2021) (presented together with Alişan)
Gelinim Mutfakta (2021)
Commercials
References
External links
Demet Akalın on Spotify
1972 births
21st-century Turkish singers
21st-century Turkish women singers
Golden Butterfly Award winners
Living people
People from Gölcük
Turkish dance musicians
Turkish female models
Turkish people of Tatar descent
Turkish people of Laz descent
Turkish people of Bosniak descent
Turkish pop singers
Turkish women singers |
23573083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pab%C4%9Bnice | Paběnice | Paběnice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertoltice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Pertoltice (Kutná Hora District) | Pertoltice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Budkovice, Chlístovice, Laziště, Machovice and Milanovice are administrative parts of Pertoltice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17327598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamyaw | Bamyaw | Bamyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23573088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Scot%20Fry | Ron Scot Fry | Ron Scot Fry is the former entertainment and artistic director of the Bristol Renaissance Faire. He is also a college professor, a writer, director, artist and performer. He has two children.
Work history
Fry was the Artistic Director of the Bristol Renaissance Faire, from 1989 to 2009, Virginia Renaissance Faire, Renaissance Pleasure Faire in 2006 and 2007. While there, he wrote and directed dozens of staged works, designed several buildings including the charming Tuscany Tavern, two-story Public House and Cheshire Chase Action Stage. His accomplishments included design and construction of full scale dragon puppet, 10 foot tall jester puppet, among others. Fry was a teacher, designer, technician, and SAFD certified Fight Cast director and performer.
As Artistic director, Fry was a key player in the success of the Bristol Renaissance Faire. His approach to street theatre helped to make the Bristol Faire an interactive Renaissance Faire. In 1989, Fry started BAPA, the Bristol Academy for the Performing Arts, where young performers learned how to speak Olde English, fight with swords, interact with guests and develop improvisational skills. Fry brought in teachers from Chicago's Second City and The Players Workshop. He oversaw most of the acts at the Bristol Faire and directed all of the faire's scenario shows, much of the street theatre, and all new performers coming into BAPA.
Fry founded the Bristol Academy for the Performing Arts (BAPA), which held classes in movement, character development, street, commedia dell'arte, and improvisation.
In 2009, Fry helped transform the non-profit he founded in 1993 into Optimist Theatre and became the Founding Artistic Director for Shakespeare in the Park in Milwaukee, WI. An Equity company, producing full length, free outdoor productions.
References
External links
Bristol Faire website
Living people
American theatre directors
Renaissance fair
Year of birth missing (living people) |
17327611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechin | Chechin | Chechin is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23573089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrovice%20I | Petrovice I | Petrovice I is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Petrovice II.
Administrative parts
Villages of Hološiny, Michalovice, Senetín and Újezdec are administrative parts of Petrovice I.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17327621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiglai | Chiglai | Chiglai is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith%20Tyberg | Judith Tyberg | Judith Tyberg (1902–1980) was an American yogi ("Jyotipriya") and a renowned Sanskrit scholar and orientalist. Author of The Language of the Gods and two other reputed texts on Sanskrit, she was the founder and guiding spirit of the East-West Cultural Center in Los Angeles, California, a major pioneering door through which now-celebrated Indian yogis and spiritual teachers of many Eastern and mystical traditions were first introduced to America and the West.
Early life as a theosophist at Point Loma
Judith Marjorie Tyberg was born on May 16, 1902, at Point Loma, the "California Utopia", which was the new world headquarters of the Theosophical Society. Katherine Tingley, world president, founded "Lomaland" in 1898 and Tyberg's Danish theosophist parents, Marjorie and Olaf Tyberg, were among the first joiners. In 1900, Tingley founded the Raja Yoga School. Tyberg recalled how, as young children, they were instructed in the works of the world's great religious and spiritual traditions and were inspired to seek "Truth, Justice, Wisdom ... more knowledge, more light". Early on, Tyberg displayed a serious and philosophical nature and a vocation for education. Madame Tingley called her "one of my true raja yogis". Tyberg grew up, studied, lived and taught at Point Loma until its closing in 1942, and it was in this context that she knew orientalist Walter Evans-Wentz and Paul Brunton.
She received all her educational degrees from the Theosophical University: a B.A. degree in Higher Mathematics and Languages (Latin, Greek, Hebrew, German, Dutch, French, Spanish, Danish and Swedish); an M.A. in Religion and Philosophy with a specialization in Oriental Thought; and a B.Th and M.Th in Sacred Scriptures and Ancient Civilizations, with a focus on the Bible and Kabbalah. Tyberg began her study of Sanskrit in 1930 with Gottfried de Purucker and received a Ph.D. in Sanskritic studies. She became a member of the American Oriental Society.
While still a teenager, Tyberg began her teaching career at the Raja Yoga School. She held the post of Assistant Principal of the Raja Yoga School from 1932 to 1935, became head of its Sanskrit and Oriental Division in 1940, and served as Dean of Studies as well as Trustee of the Theosophical University from 1935 to 1945. Starting in the late 1930s, she authored numerous articles on spirituality and consciousness for The Theosophical Forum magazine, including The Sacred Texts of the Gupta-Vidya, Possibilities of the Kali Yuga, Hinduism & Buddhism, Where are your haunts of Consciousness? In 1934, Tyberg joined the team set up by de Purucker to create an encyclopedia of spiritual vocabulary used in theosophy, drawing from Greek, Chinese, Kabbalist, Zoroastrian, Hindu, and Buddhist texts. Tyberg's contribution was the exposition of over 2,000 terms.
First Sanskrit works
Tyberg translated the Hymn to the Origin of the World from the Rig Veda and collated, edited and prefaced Charles Johnston's 1946 translation of Shankaracharya's Crest-Jewel of Wisdom. In 1940, Tyberg published Sanskrit Keys to the Wisdom Religion, an exposition of over 500 Sanskrit terms used in religious, occult and theosophical literature. This was a groundbreaking work by virtue of its content and its innovative printing technology, as it was the first time anywhere, including India, that the ancient form of Sanskrit was linotyped. Tyberg, in collaboration with Geoffrey Baborka, chief linotype operator at the Theosophical University Press, transformed a modern Sanskrit keyboard into a keyboard for the ancient form of the
Devanagari alphabet, composed of dozens of matrices. Tyberg's view of Sanskrit's importance was quoted by the Los Angeles Times: "Not only are the languages used on the European and American continents deficient in words dealing with spirit, but many of the English words that do have spiritual connotations are so weighty with false and dogmatic beliefs that it is difficult to convey an exact meaning to all ... while Sanskrit expresses the inner mysteries of the soul and spirit, the many after-death states, the origin and destiny of worlds and men and human psychology." In 1941, Tyberg continued using her linotype innovation for the publication of the first edition of her First Lessons in Sanskrit Grammar. This was a revision of James R. Ballantyne's 1851 grammar, which Tyberg prepared in conjunction with Lawrence A. Ware of Iowa State University. Throughout her life, she reworked this text several times, subsequently republishing it in 1950, 1961, and 1977.
India and meeting with Sri Aurobindo
In 1946, due to a schism within the California theosophical movement, Tyberg resigned from her dean and trustee positions at Point Loma. After a brief period of teaching at the University of Southern California, she went out on her own and opened a Sanskrit center and bookshop in Glendale, California. There, she taught Indian philosophy, religion, languages and culture. She continued lecturing at universities and associations, thus developing both her reputation and a large network of contacts with other orientalists.
In 1946, Tyberg attended a lecture at the University of Southern California given by S. Radhakrishnan, then Vice-Chancellor of Benares Hindu University, following which Tyberg applied for a Sanskrit research scholarship at BHU. In her application letter and scholarship request, she stated: "I have decided to give my life to the spreading of the beautiful teachings and religious philosophy as found in Sanskrit scriptures ... and I would have the West illumined by its perfect philosophy." Explaining the "small means" earned from her teaching and lecturing, and her "simple way of living", she also expressed her belief that "when one dares and goes ahead with an unselfish heart and is convinced that the work is for the progress of humanity, help does come." The response was a three-year scholarship at the Oriental Division of Benares Hindu University, and Tyberg was made an honorary member of the All India Arya Dharma Seva Sangha.
Tyberg arrived at BHU in June 1947. At her first meeting, Tyberg chose the Vedic religious hymns for her Master's thesis topic. After a twenty-five-year study of humanity's sacred scriptures and seventeen years of Sanskrit, she was convinced that a deep but undiscovered spiritual secret was encrypted in the Vedas' archaic, complex language and that Western explanations of the texts were "nonsense". But, while the Vedas were accepted as the fount of India's spiritual culture, the current view, including in India, held that they were an interesting but "obscure, confused and barbarous hymnal". Tyberg's surprise and disappointment was great when she was thus informed that even the scholars at BHU knew of no one who could help her find this secret, if it even existed. She was advised to change her research topic.
Professor Arabinda Basu, then a young lecturer, overheard this exchange. He followed a crestfallen Tyberg into the corridor, quietly told her that there was someone who could help her and then gave her an as-yet unpublished manuscript of The Secret of the Veda by Sri Aurobindo, the revolutionary who, after a series of mystical experiences, renounced politics and founded an ashram in Pondicherry. Tyberg stayed up all night reading, and the next morning, told Basu that she'd found the object of her lifelong search for truth. On his advice, she wrote to Sri Aurobindo, asking for permission to come to see him.
The invitation that followed led Tyberg to spend two months in the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in Autumn 1947. On November 24, one of the four days annually when Sri Aurobindo broke his seclusion, Tyberg did her reverence to Sri Aurobindo and to his spiritual collaborator Mirra Alfassa, a Frenchwoman known as "The Mother". Tyberg's diary recorded her experience: "I just felt God", "electric forces", "stretched out to infinity", and "I really knew what was my soul." In a private audience with The Mother, Judith Tyberg asked to receive a spiritual name, which was chosen by Sri Aurobindo himself: "Jyotipriya, the lover of Light".
Back in Benares, Tyberg continued her studies in Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali, the Gita, the Upanishads, the Brahma Sutras, the Vedantic systems of philosophy and modern Indian thought, leading to an M.A. in Indian Religion and Philosophy. In March 1949, she wrote to Sri Aurobindo and The Mother: "I received the news that I had passed First Class in the M.A. examinations and had made a record for the university.... For the question 'State clearly and briefly the philosophical and religious views of Sri Aurobindo', I answered fully and enjoyed pouring out my soul in it."
Many eminent Indians, political leaders and yoga masters alike, were impressed with Tyberg's scholarship and her feeling for Indian culture: Mahatma Gandhi, Maulana Azad, V. K. Gokak, B. L. Atreya, Anandamayi Ma, Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramdas, and Krishna Prem, and at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram: Kapali Shastri, Indra Sen, Sisir Mitra, Prithvi Singh, and former freedom fighters-turned-yogis Nolini Kanta Gupta and A.B. Purani, friends she referred to as "the cream of Hindu culture". Tyberg spent a week with the sage Ramana Maharshi at his Arunachala ashram where he told her "You're already realized, you just don't know it." Another lifelong friend was Swami Sivananda alongside whom Tyberg served as India's representative to the 1948 World University Round Table. Tyberg was the first President of the International Students Union, founded by S. Radhakrishnan, who called her "a real force in international understanding". Professor T.R.V. Murti declared "I am convinced that you are destined to play an important role in bringing the West and the East together on a spiritual plane."
In Autumn 1949, Tyberg went back to Pondicherry for a six-month stay as a disciple at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram. During her two years in India, Tyberg had kept up regular correspondence with an extensive network of American seekers. When certain people criticized this as unyogic, Tyberg asked The Mother for her view. Her reply was "How do you think the Divine works if he doesn't work through people like you?" and she repeated what she'd told Tyberg at their very first meeting: "You have chosen it, to serve, long ago." After a final reverence to Sri Aurobindo on February 21, 1950, Tyberg recorded her impressions: "Vast deep calm with a mighty wisdom ... his consciousness seemed infinite ... such currents!"
The American Academy of Asian Studies
In April 1950, Tyberg took the boat from Calcutta to California, which included a stop in Hawaii. There she met her old Benares friend Charles Moore and discussed the results of his 1949 East–West Convention of Philosophers. From this, she gathered ideas for an approach to Sri Aurobindo that might readily appeal to the Western mind. Her arrival in Los Angeles was met with enthusiasm, and in just the first two weeks, she gave over ten lectures to more than 1,000 attendees. A similarly packed schedule was organized in San Francisco, where she received an enthusiastic reception at Stanford University. America was eager for "the uncensored truth about India" and, in Tyberg's words, California was "just teeming with interest in Sri Aurobindo". Then, in 1951, Tyberg was invited to join the faculty of the newly founded American Academy of Asian Studies in San Francisco. The AAAS was the first graduate university devoted to Asian culture, and was considered one of the "principal roots" of the 1960s' "San Francisco Renaissance". Tyberg held the professorship of Sanskrit alongside an international group of colleagues that included Alan Watts, Haridas Chaudhuri, and Dilipkumar Roy. Chaudhuri and Roy were fellow "ardent Aurobindonians" as was Director of Studies, Frederic Spiegelberg, who held Sri Aurobindo to be "the prophet of our age". Spiegelberg highly regarded Tyberg for her teaching approach, which took "Sanscrit as a life force underlying Indian thinking, past and present", and praised her "superior teaching abilities ... the way in which she understood to make every single class meeting a vitally interesting one". As an instructor in a Summer 1952 seminar on Modern India at San Francisco State College, Tyberg's teaching was noted as "exceptionally effective": "It is perfectly clear that she commands a tremendous range of knowledge and insight into the workings of modern Indian society based on both direct experience and extensive study." Tyberg also taught as a lecturer at Stanford University.
The East–West Cultural Center
After two years at the AAAS, Tyberg returned to Los Angeles, where on May 1, 1953, she founded the East–West Cultural Center. In line with Sri Aurobindo's dictum "The Knowledge that unites is the true Knowledge." Tyberg intended the EWCC to be a "broad and non-sectarian" forum for building cultural reciprocity between East and West as well as presenting a variety of aspects of spiritual life. She single-handedly conducted classes in Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali, and Greek, studies in comparative religion and sacred scriptures, and the yoga of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother. Tyberg organized guest lectures on Indian art and culture, dramatic readings from Indian literary classics, concerts and dance performances. She inaugurated an Oriental Library and bookshop with resources on India's many yogic paths. In the isolationist atmosphere of the Korean War, where "those interested in spiritual things are very much in the minority", her activities were pioneering.
From 1953 to 1973, Tyberg also operated "The East West Cultural Center School for Creatively Gifted Children", which received full accreditation by the Los Angeles and California school boards. The school promised cultivating "aesthetic and studious habits". In an echo of her Raja Yoga school training, Tyberg aimed at inspiring children with "the highest ideals" by focusing on their "god-like qualities". Tyberg singlehandedly taught all school subjects, as well as music theory and piano. Many of her graduates were accepted by leading colleges as much as two years in advance of public school students, and Tyberg's school is remembered by them as "a wonderful and unique opportunity".
When the Cold War Fifties gave way to the New Age Sixties, the many years of Tyberg's avant-garde efforts burst into bloom. With her "My Search for Universality" talks, she was hailed as "one of the South-land's great women leaders and lecturers". The East-West Cultural Center became known as the focal point for Southern California's spiritual activity and its auditorium on Sunday afternoons was the first US launching pad for yogis who went on to have "a huge impact on modern Yoga": Swamis Muktananda, Satchidananda, Chidananda, Ramdas and Mother Mirabai, Sikh, Sufi, and Buddhist masters from Sri Lanka, Japan, and Cambodia, as well as Indian cultural and political leaders. Tyberg invited noted Western mystics, occultists and astrologers such as Dane Rudhyar and Marie de Vrahnes from Lourdes as well as early health food proponents such as Bernard Jensen. Famed dancers Ruth St. Denis and Indira Devi performed on the EWCC's stage in those early years of America's spiritual flowering. It was Tyberg who arranged Swami Vishnudevananda's Los Angeles program during the time he was also a subject of the early medical research on the effects of meditation, conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles. American hatha yoga exponent Ganga White was one of the young seekers attracted to Tyberg's center. When, on February 28, 1968, The Mother inaugurated the new international spiritual township of Auroville, Tyberg was an ardent supporter of this spiritual adventure and served as an essential informational and connecting link.
Tyberg was known for her "high ethical and spiritual ideals" and for her upright and "high-minded" character. Indian gurus sent their disciples to see her to "be benefited". However, if there was any insincerity or misrepresentation of India's spiritual light, Tyberg would be categorical and cut off all aid and connections immediately. "Never speaking against anyone, she would simply say 'I cannot disclose my reasons, but I assure you they are genuine.'" Part of her challenge and pedagogy was to lead seekers to be able to distinguish between low-level and often fraudulent "psychic phenomena" and the "true psychic" in Sri Aurobindo's description – the conscious evolution godwards of the soul. Anandamayi Ma dictated a 1959 message to Tyberg saying "how very pleased" she was about Tyberg's activities. Swami Sivananda wrote: "I greatly admire the solid work that you do for the spiritual good of mankind in a silent manner. This is dynamic Yoga. The whole of America will be grateful to you."
For Tyberg, the high point of the week was her Thursday evening spiritual satsangs where the focus was the in-depth teachings of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother, in her words "the highest path offered". She wrote to The Mother: "You must know how happy I am to have something so genuine to offer those seeking truth.... I just must share my great happiness and blessing with others." When she spoke, she said she felt a force that would come down in "great swirls" from above her head and get her "centralized to speak". A long-time devotee explained that Tyberg "did not interpret or ever become vague, or indulge in clichés, but seemed to identify so completely with Sri Aurobindo and The Mother that one felt continually their presence" and how during meditations with Tyberg "the force was so powerful' that his body would bend.
In her private office, Tyberg kept a framed personal message from the Mother: "For you who have realised your soul and seek the integral yoga, to help the others is the best way of helping yourself. Indeed, if you are sincere you will soon discover that each of their failures is a sure sign of a corresponding deficiency in yourself, the proof that something in you is not perfect enough to be all-powerful." There are strong indications in Tyberg's letter to the Mother of March 8, 1956, that she was one of the very few to have felt The Mother's February 29 Supramental Descent experience.
"The Language of the Gods" and the last years
One of Tyberg's last works was The Drama of Integral Self-Realization, an illuminating and stirring summary of Sri Aurobindo's spiritual epic poem, Savitri, which appeared as a chapter in the 1960 publication, The Integral Philosophy of Sri Aurobindo: A Commemorative Symposium, edited by Haridas Chaudhari and Frederic Spiegelberg. In 1970, Tyberg published The Language of the Gods, her culminating opus on Sanskrit's "wisdom-treasury". This, along with her accompanying Sanskrit pronunciation tapes, capped 45 years of Sanskrit teaching and scholarship. Tyberg dedicated it "In Reverent Memory of Sri Aurobindo" and wrote in her preface: "In this age when men are responding to a spiritual need for unity and brotherhood among all the nations of the world, we find a spiritual vocabulary being drawn from the rich treasury of Sanskrit terminology because these words are already ripe with truths divine." In her "Plan of Study Recommended", Tyberg specified: "a stress has been given to the verb-roots of the words, for they are the essential carriers of the meaning of the words as originating in the spiritual element of the Universe" and in this way the student can "get at the real meaning of the word, free from the loaded implications that so many words have come to possess because of religious dogma and a misunderstanding due to lack of spiritual experience".
The book had a double introduction, by both B. L. Atreya and V. K. Gokak. Atreya praised the unique combination of Sanskrit and Hinduism, while Gokak lauded Tyberg's "ceaseless search for Truth" and her "burning desire to communicate to other aspirants what vision of Reality she herself attained through her study" of the mystical and philosophical terms which "help us to map out precisely the realms of the superconscient in man". The work was widely reviewed in India: The Indian Libertarian wrote: "Dr. Tyberg has woven for us a magnificent fabric of primary source materials of the highest authority," and The Indian Review hailed the "novel approach and sincerity of scholarship" ending with the words "Dr. Tyberg has laid all lovers of Sanskrit under a debt of gratitude." In Mother India, Sanat K. Banerji admired Tyberg's "boldness and originality" and particularly commended three major innovations: "within a reasonable compass, practically all the important terms that a students of (India's) most valuable works is likely to come across", the relating of "technical terms to the verbal roots from which they are derived" and the "signal service" that he felt must be emphasized: "Vedic interpretation has long suffered at the hands of scholars wholly ignorant of the spiritual endeavours the Vedas were meant to enshrine. The author has a valuable chapter on the Vedas and their spiritual meaning ... compiled from Sri Aurobindo's monumental work on the subject." The review finished with the words: "Dr. Tyberg has justified the name Jyotipriya given her by Sri Aurobindo."
In 1972, Tyberg's finances finally permitted a last trip to see The Mother on the occasion of the Sri Aurobindo Centenary celebrations. Despite the constant arthritic pain that afflicted her body, Tyberg kept "cheerfully going on" as she often said, managing the EWCC's rich diversity of activities while continuing to provide spiritual teaching and personal counselling, always for free. She accepted new professorships: at the College of Oriental Studies (1973), as Emeritus Staff Professor of Buddhist Studies at the Buddha Dharma University (1973), and as Professor of Sanskrit and Hinduism for the Goddard College Graduate Field Faculty (1975). One academic reference attested "Tyberg's lectures were distinguished by wide reading and research; and even more than this, she imparted to her students and hearers the spiritual aroma and inspiration of the great philosophical schools of the East." Tyberg often said that it was in the joy of teaching that she transcended all pain.
In 1978, Tyberg was able to make the ultimate mortgage repayment on the EWCC building and drew up a "guidance" letter of ideals and principles for EWCC's new Board of Directors "as the New Age unfolds": "This Center is not a business or a sect or a popular or social activity. It is a service to the Divine to share and unite the best aspects of the spiritual and religious, philosophical and cultural and healing arts of the East and West for uplifting and leading to a Divine Life on Earth.... May it continue to grow thus spontaneously with Divine backing with no catering to lower standards for attracting money."
Judith Tyberg expired on October 3, 1980. After a life where she sought "long service ... in search of truth, beauty and joy to share with all", her final aspiration was "the speedy return of my soul to the Divine ... so I may return again to serve the Light." Her Sanskrit books continue to be used as basic texts in Sanskrit classes, and the East West Cultural Center, the child of Tyberg's decades of pioneering and dedicated service, continues to exist as the Sri Aurobindo Center of Los Angeles.
References
Bibliography
1902 births
1980 deaths
People from Los Angeles
American yoga teachers
American Sanskrit scholars
American Indologists
American Theosophists
Sri Aurobindo
20th-century translators |
23573091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrovice%20II | Petrovice II | Petrovice II is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Petrovice I.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Boštice, Losiny, Nové Nespeřice, Stará HuťStaré Nespeřice and Tlučeň are administrative parts of Petrovice II.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17327630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chih-ko | Chih-ko | Chih-ko is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
23573093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan%20Kleinberg | Ethan Kleinberg | Ethan Kleinberg is Class of 1958 Distinguished Professor of History and Letters at Wesleyan University, Editor-in-Chief of History and Theory and was Director of Wesleyan University's Center for the Humanities. Kleinberg's wide-ranging scholarly work spans across the fields of history, philosophy, comparative literature and religion. Together with Joan Wallach Scott and Gary Wilder he is a member of the Wild On Collective who co-authored the "Theses on Theory and History" and started the #TheoryRevolt movement.
He is the author of Haunting History: for a deconstructive approach to the past and Generation Existential: Martin Heidegger’s Philosophy in France, 1927-61, which was awarded the 2006 Morris D. Forkosch prize for the best book in intellectual history, by the Journal of the History of Ideas and co-editor of the volume Presence: Philosophy, History, and Cultural Theory for the Twenty-First Century. He is completing a book length project titled The Myth of Emmanuel Levinas, on the Talmudic Lectures the French-Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas presented in Paris between 1960 and 1990.
Biography
His research interests include European intellectual history with special interest in France and Germany, critical theory, educational structures, and the philosophy of history.
He received his B.A from UC. Berkeley and his Ph.D. from UCLA. For high school he attended Windward School in Los Angeles.
In 1998 he was a Fulbright scholar in France. In 2003 he was the recipient of Wesleyan University's Carol A. Baker ’81 Memorial Prize for excellence in teaching and research. In 2006 his book Generation Existential: Heidegger’s Philosophy in France, 1927-1961 was awarded the Morris D. Forkosch prize for the best book in intellectual history by the Journal of the History of Ideas. In 2011 he was Directeur d’études invité at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris. In 2018 he was Professeur Invité at the Université Bordeaux Montaigne. He was named the 2020 Reinhart Koselleck Guest Professor at the Center for Theories of History, Bielefeld University.
Bibliography
Haunting History: for a deconstructive approach to the past
This book argues for a deconstructive approach to the practice and writing of history at a moment when available forms for writing and publishing history are undergoing radical transformation. To do so, it explores the legacy and impact of [(deconstruction)] on American historical work; the current fetishization of lived experience, materialism, and the "real;" new trends in philosophy of history; and the persistence of ontological realism as the dominant mode of thought for conventional historians.
Arguing that this ontological realist mode of thinking is reinforced by current analog publishing practices, Ethan Kleinberg advocates for a hauntological approach to history that follows the work of Jacques Derrida and embraces a past that is at once present and absent, available and restricted, rather than a fixed and static snapshot of a moment in time. This polysemic understanding of the past as multiple and conflicting, he maintains, is what makes the deconstructive approach to the past particularly well suited to new digital forms of historical writing and presentation.
Generation Existential: Heiddegger’s Philosophy in France, 1927-1961
When we think of Heidegger's influence in France, we tend to focus on such contemporary thinkers as Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Jean-François Lyotard. In Generation Existential, Ethan Kleinberg shifts the focus to the initial reception of Heidegger's philosophy in France by those who first encountered it. Kleinberg explains the appeal of Heidegger's philosophy to French thinkers, as well as the ways they incorporated and expanded on it in their own work through the interwar, Second World War, and early postwar periods. In so doing, Kleinberg offers new insights into intellectual figures whose influence on modern French philosophy has been enormous, including some whose thought remains under-explored outside France.
Among Kleinberg's "generation existential" are Jean Beaufret, the only member of the group whom one could characterize as "a Heideggerian"; Maurice Blanchot; Alexandre Kojéve; Emmanuel Levinas; and Jean-Paul Sartre. In showing how each of these figures engaged with Heidegger, Kleinberg helps us to understand how the philosophy of this right-wing thinker had such a profound influence on intellectuals of the left. Furthermore, Kleinberg maintains that our view of Heidegger's influence on contemporary thought is contingent on our comprehension of the ways in which his philosophy was initially understood, translated, and incorporated into the French philosophical canon by this earlier generation.
Presence: Philosophy, History and Cultural Theory for the 21st Century
The philosophy of “presence” seeks to challenge current understandings of meaning and understanding. One can trace its origins back to Vico, Dilthey, and Heidegger, though its more immediate exponents include Jean-Luc Nancy, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, and such contemporary philosophers of history as Frank Ankersmit and Eelco Runia. The theoretical paradigm of presence conveys how the past is literally with us in the present in significant and material ways: Things we cannot touch nonetheless touch us. This makes presence a post-linguistic or post-discursive theory that challenges current understandings of “meaning” and “interpretation.” Presence provides an overview of the concept and surveys both its weaknesses and its possible uses.
In this book, Ethan Kleinberg and Ranjan Ghosh bring together an interdisciplinary group of contributors to explore the possibilities and limitations of presence from a variety of perspectives—history, sociology, literature, cultural theory, media studies, photography, memory, and political theory. The book features critical engagements with the presence paradigm within intellectual history, literary criticism, and the philosophy of history. In three original case studies, presence illuminates the relationships among photography, the past, memory, and the Other. What these diverse but overlapping essays have in common is a shared commitment to investigate the attempt to reconnect meaning with something “real” and to push the paradigm of presence beyond its current uses. The volume is thus an important intervention in the most fundamental debates within the humanities today.
Publications
Generation Existential: Heidegger’s Philosophy in France, 1927-1961, 2005 Cornell University Press. Paperback edition, 2007. Chinese translation with author’s foreword (Beijing: New Star Press/Xin Xing, July 2008).
Presence: Philosophy, History and Cultural Theory for the 21st Century, a volume co-edited with Ranjan Ghosh, November 2013, Cornell University Press.
Just the Facts: the Fantasy of a Historical Science, History of the Present: a journal of critical inquiry (University of Illinois Press), Vol. 6, No. 1 (Spring 2016).
History and Theory in a Global Frame, introduction to History and Theory Theme Issue on “Historical Theory in a Global Frame,” co-authored with Vijay Pinch, Volume 54, No. 4, December 2015.
Not Yet Marrano: Levinas, Derrida and the ‘ontology’ of Being-Jewish, in Traces of God: Derrida and Religion, Edward Baring and Peter Gordon eds., October 2014, Fordham University Press.
To Atone and to Forgive: Jaspers, Jankélévitch/Derrida and the possibility of forgiveness in Jankélévitch and Forgiveness, Alan Udoff ed., February 2013, Lexington Press, Rowman and Littlefield.
Academic Journals in the Digital Era: An Editor’s Reflections, Perspectives on History, 50:9/ December 2012.
The Trojan Horse of Tradition, introduction to History and Theory Theme Issue on “Tradition and History”, Volume 51, No. 4, December 2012.
Back to Where We’ve Never Been: Heidegger, Levinas, Derrida on Tradition and History, History and Theory, Volume 51, No. 4, December 2012.
The New Metaphysics of Time, introduction to History and Theory Virtual Issue, August 2012.
In/finite Time: tracing transcendence to Emmanuel Levinas’s Talmudic lectures, International Journal of Philosophical Studies special issue on Emmanuel Levinas, Volume 20, Number 3 (2012).
Of Jews and Humanism in France, Modern Intellectual History volume 9, Number 2, (August 2012).
The Letter on Humanism: Reading Heidegger in France, in Situating Existentialism, Robert Bernasconi and Jonathan Judaken eds. (June 2012, Columbia University Press).
A Perfect Past? Tony Judt and the Historian’s Burden of Responsibility, French Historical Studies, Volume 35, Number 1 (Winter 2012).
To Atone and to Forgive: Jaspers, Jankélévitch/Derrida and the possibility of forgiveness in Jankélévitch and Forgiveness, Alan Udoff ed. (forthcoming from Lexington Press, Rowman and Littlefield).
Freud and Levinas: Talmud and Psychoanalysis Before the Letter, Freud’s Jewish World, Arnold Richards ed., (New York: Macfarland Press, January 2010).
Presence In Absentia in Storia della Storiografia 55 (2009).
Review of François Cusset, French Theory: How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, and Co. Transformed the Intellectual Life of the United States, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, 2008-09-07
Review essay of Allan Bass, Interpretation and Difference: The Strangeness of Care (Stanford University Press, 2006), Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 56, 3, Fall 2008.
Interdisciplinary Studies at the Crossroads, Liberal Education, 94, no. 1, Winter 2008.
Haunting History: Deconstruction and the Spirit of Revision, History and Theory, 46, no. 4, December 2007.
New Gods Swelling the Future Ocean, History and Theory, 46, no. 3, October 2007.
The Myth of Emmanuel Levinas in After the Deluge: New Perspectives in French Intellectual and Cultural History, Julian Bourg, ed., Lexington Press, Rowman and Littlefield, 2004.
Kojève and Fanon: The Fact of Blackness and the Desire for Recognition in French Civilization and Its Discontents, Tyler Stovall and George Van Den Abbeele, ed., Lexington Press, Rowman and Littlefield, 2003.
References
External links
History and Theory: Expanding the Intellectual Network
Wesleyan History Department
History and Theory editorial page
Video of lecture on Freud and Levinas at Center for Jewish History
Kleinberg's article Interdisciplinary Studies at a Crossroads
Kleinberg’s review of Francois Cusset's French Theory
"Haunting History: Deconstruction and the Spirit of Revision" in History and Theory
See also
Wesleyan biography
H-net biography
Columbia biography
Intellectual historians
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Critical theorists
Wesleyan University faculty
Living people
Heidegger scholars
Year of birth missing (living people) |
44496289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start%20Talking | Start Talking | Start Talking is the self-produced debut album from Swedish heavy metal band Bulletrain, released 24 October 2014, through Metal Heaven records.
Recording process
The recordings for the band's debut began as early as in late 2011 when the group decided to record their third EP. It was later cancelled when they parted ways with the singer Mike Palace in 2012. Since the group had such amount of material already they took the chance and started recording the music for a full-length album. Together with Marcus Forsberg at Tweak Studios in Helsingborg they started the recording process in 2013. In the winter of 2013, Bulletrain went to Stockholm to finish the record with the vocals for the album with the producers RamPac (Johan Ramström, Patrik Magnusson). It was mixed and mastered by Buster Odeholm.
Track listing
Singles
"Out of Control"
"Phantom Pain"
Personnel
Jonas Tillheden - drums, backing vocals
Mattias Persson - lead guitar, backing vocals
Robin Bengtsson - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Sebastian Sundberg - lead vocals
Niklas Månsson - bass guitar, backing vocals
Additional musicians
Gustav Bergström, bass guitar on tracks "From the bottom of my heart", "Out of control" and "Phantom pain".
Kalle Yttergren, backing vocals on tracks "Dicing with death" and "Joanna's secret".
References
Start Talking Markus'Heavy Music Blog.com Retrieved November 24, 2014
Melodic Rock.com Retrieved November 24, 2014
Classic Rock.com Retrieved November 24, 2014
External links
Official website
Metal Heaven
2014 debut albums
Bulletrain albums |
23573094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Corbet | Edward Corbet | Edward Corbet ( – 5 January 1658) was an English clergyman, and a member of the Westminster Assembly.
Life
He was born at Pontesbury in Shropshire, and was educated at Shrewsbury and Merton College, Oxford, where he was admitted a probationer fellow in 1624. Meanwhile, he had taken his B.A. degree on 4 December 1622, and became proctor on 4 April 1638. At Merton he distinguished himself he resisted the attempted innovations of William Laud, and subsequently gave evidence at the archbishop's trial.
He was chosen one of the Westminster Assembly of divines, and a preacher before the Long parliament.<ref>He published God's Providence: a sermon [on 1 Cor. i. 27] preached before the Hon. House of Commons, at their late solemne fast, 28 Dec. 1642,' London, 1642 [O.S.]</ref> He received the thanks of the house, and by an ordinance dated 17 May 1643 was instituted to the rectory of Chartham, Kent. He held this living until 1646, when he returned to Oxford as one of the seven ministers appointed by the parliament to preach the loyalist scholars into obedience. He was also elected one of the parliamentary visitors of the university, but rarely sat among them. On 20 January 1648 he was installed public orator and canon of the second stall in Christ Church, Oxford, in the place of the ejected Henry Hammond; he resigned both places in August, possibly for reasons of conscience. The same year he proceeded D.D. on 12 April. At the beginning of 1649 he was presented, on the death of Dr. Thomas Soame, to the rectory of Great Hasely, near Oxford.
Corbet married Margaret, daughter of Sir Nathaniel Brent, by whom he had three children, Edward, Martha, and Margaret. He died in London on 5 January 1658, aged about 55, and was buried on the 14th in the chancel of Great Hasely near his wife, who had died in 1656. By his will he left amongst other books Robert Abbot's Commentaries on Romans'' in manuscript.
Notes
References
External links
17th-century English Anglican priests
Westminster Divines
1603 births
1658 deaths
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Clergy from Shropshire |
23573095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podveky | Podveky | Podveky is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Ježovice, Útěchvosty and Zalíbená are administrative parts of Podveky.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C4%9Bhy | Potěhy | Potěhy is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ovice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Rašovice (Kutná Hora District) | Rašovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Jindice, Mančice and Netušil are administrative parts of Rašovice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohozec%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Rohozec (Kutná Hora District) | Rohozec is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98end%C4%9Bjov | Řendějov | Řendějov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Jiřice, Nový Samechov and Starý Samechov are administrative parts of Řendějov.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment%20benefits%20in%20Ukraine | Unemployment benefits in Ukraine | As the unemployed according to the art. 2 of the Ukrainian Law on Employment of Population are qualified citizens capable of work and of employable age, who, due to lack of a job, do not have any income or other earnings laid down by the law and are registered in the State Employment Center as looking for work, ready and able to start working. This definition also includes persons with disabilities who have not attained retirement age and are registered as seeking employment.
Who is entitled to unemployment benefits in Ukraine?
Only those citizens who are officially unemployed are entitled to unemployment benefits. According to part Ι art. 43 of the Law on Employment of Population this status is given to:
individuals of working age before they attain retirement age who are unemployed and willing to start working;
individuals under 16 years who have worked and were dismissed due to enterprises closure or reprofiling and redundancy and
individuals with disabilities who have not attained pension age and are receiving disability pension or social welfare benefits.
In order to get official unemployed status, one needs to register at the State Employment Center. Registration requires providing all necessary documentation together with the application to the nearest Employment Center.
Attendance of Employment Center and selection of the appropriate job
After being granted unemployed status, an individual is obliged to visit the Employment Center at least once every 30 calendar days while the workers of the Labour Exchange are trying to place them in a suitable job. A job is considered suitable if it matches the education, professional skills and work experience of the candidate.
If after a period of 6 months from registration it is not possible to find an appropriate job, the candidate would be encouraged to take acquire further education or skills or accept a job in a different field taking into account health, competencies and needs of the labor market. Employment Center staff would seek job placements for the candidate in both their old field and the new one in which they've retrained.
For disabled candidates, an appropriate job is selected according to their professional knowledge and skills and taking into account the medical certificate produced by an expert committee recommending conditions and character of work, the individual's rehabilitation program and the wishes of the disabled person regarding their working conditions.
Two-time refusal of the proposed job is a premise for deregistration from the Employment Center and deprivation of the official unemployed status. Repeat registration on the labor exchange is possible not earlier than in 90 calendar days since the deregistration day. Within this 3-month period the Employment Center will provide only consulting services, the payment of the unemployment assistance will not take place.
Skipping the appointed visiting of the Employment Center date without any valid reason causes payment reduction and/or deregistration from the labor exchange. According to the Decree of the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers No.198 from 20.03.2013 "About the order of registration, re-registration of unemployed individuals and introduction of job-seeking individuals", valid reasons for skipping a visit include an illness, death of the family members and relatives, care of ill child (under 14 years), or attending the hospital, court and law-enforcement authorities, conscription office, or other government body.
Assessment and payment of unemployment benefits
The start of benefits payments can vary. The financial assistance is assigned from the 8th day after registration with the Employment Center, as stated in the Law on Mandatory State Social Unemployment Insurance. It does not apply if the person voluntary resigned from the previous workplace without having substantial reasons for it (art. 38 of the Labour Code of Ukraine) or was dismissed on the basis of violation of labor discipline. In the mentioned cases the payments are made from the 91st day after registration.
Payment period
In line with the Ukrainian law the total duration of the unemployed assistance payment can not exceed 360 calendar days during within 2 years time. But a number of nuances exist which influence the duration of unemployment benefits provision. Hence the payment periods could be as follows:
720 days - for individuals approaching retirement age (2 years before retirement)
360 days - standard payment duration for the majority of Ukrainian citizens
270 days - by voluntary resignation from the last workplace without having substantial reasons and in consonance with the points 3,4,7,8 art. 40 and articles 37,41 and 45 of the Labour Code of Ukraine. The mentioned points deal with non-fulfilment of responsibilities, theft, coming to work not sober.
180 days - for migrants as well as young people who finished their school, college and university education, or released from military recruitment.
Payment amount
Minimum monthly financial assistance amount in 2018 accounts for ₴544. The minimum amount is paid to the persons whose contribution period for the last calendar year is less than 6 months or was dismissed from the previous workplace for the reasons named in the points 3,4,7,8 art. 40, art.41 and 45 of the Labour Code of Ukraine, also to migrants, graduates of educational institutions (without work experience) and demobilized soldiers from the army service.
Payments for unemployed people whose contribution period for the last 12 months before the registration on the labour exchange exceed half a year or who have work interruption for justifiable reasons (e.g. fixed-term military service, education, care of disabled persons in the first category and pensioner who is in need of permanent care) are calculated as proportional relation to their average monthly income in connection with their contribution period, but the benefit payment can not be less than the minimum financial assistance amount set for this category (₴1,280):
Amount of the assistance payment smoothly decreases in accordance to unemployment duration. It means first 90 days an unemployed individual receives 100% of the appointed to him financial assistance, during the following 90 days - 80%, during the remaining period the payments amount to 70%.
The maximum amount of financial assistance can not exceed quadruple amount of the subsistence minimum for individuals capable of working - now it is ₴6,400.
Unemployment benefits in Ukraine are paid out by the State Social Security Fund in case of Unemployment (a part of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine) and financed by employers. An insured person pays 0.6% of its wages to the State Social Security Fund in case of Unemployment. A self-employed can only contribute voluntarily. The employer pays 1.6% of the total wage. To be able to receive unemployment benefits one must be registered at an employment office, be able and willing to work, and have income less than the minimum wage (the minimum wage in Ukraine is ₴1,218). The benefit may be reduced, suspended, or terminated after an discharge for violating work rules or for filing in a fraudulent claim. The benefit is based on 50% of average earnings for persons with a 2 to 6-year career, 55% of average earnings for persons with a 6 to 10 years 60% of average earnings and if one has worked more than 10 years he will receive 70% of average earnings. In the first 90 calendar days 100% of the benefit is paid, the next 90 calendar days 80% is paid and after that time period 70%.
Being in the initial stages of economic reconstruction, social protection issues will be of primary importance in Ukraine. If their incomes are below the minimum living standard, pensioners and children, in particular, should receive targeted money allowances. The official latent unemployment rate is 20-30%. The rapid small-scale privatization, privatization of unfinished construction projects (whose number is greater than 9,000), and the liberalization procedures required to start private businesses will reduce the amount of unemployment. Furthermore, Ukraine has adopted stricter rules for being able to register as unemployed as well as raised the unemployment benefit payments to its people. Current unemployment rate was 8.8% as of the year 2017. By providing support to workers during various employment-related risks, such as unemployment, social policies raise the reservation wage of workers. This allows workers to reject jobs that may not correspond to their skill qualifications. Thus, social policies indirectly support the investments in skills made by employers.
Impacts of the Russo-Ukrainian War on unemployment
The Russo-Ukrainian War has caused a large and growing internal flow of people leaving the areas of warfare and needing to find new jobs and income in other parts of the country. It is estimated that up to 2 million jobs were lost since the start of the crisis and the unemployment rate rose from 7.6% in 2014 to 9.6 a year later. The oblasts of Luhansk and Donetsk have seen the most drastic increases in unemployment rate leading to 57% of the population reportedly having difficulties meeting their essential needs. Overcoming the high unemployment rates, particularly in war-torn areas, requires including the formation of the demand for certain specialists from the side of the government, the introduction of relevant education subsidies, as well as economic reforms to attract investments.
Current structure of Ukrainian benefits program
Unemployment insurance, which provides unemployment benefits, lump-sum benefits for employees, vocational training, retraining and occupational development for the unemployed are several of the policies in place that assist those who are without a job. Injured workers are able to use employment injury insurance, which provides benefits to injured persons as well as medical care. The current system of social security in Ukraine is financed by both the state and local budgets. The Social Security Rate is a tax related with income charged to both companies and employees. It serves as an important source of income for the government because they help to pay for many programs such as welfare, health care, and many other benefits. This will not be sustainable in the future as nearly half of Ukraine's able-bodied adults are not paying their taxes or social contributions, but still demand social services and benefits.
See also
List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by salary
Pensions in Ukraine
References
External links
Social security in Ukraine
Unemployment in Ukraine
Ukraine |
23573109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samop%C5%A1e | Samopše | Samopše is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Budín, Mrchojedy, Přívlaky and Talmberk are administrative parts of Samopše.
In popular culture
15th century recreations of the villages of Samopše and Mrchojedy, called Samopesh and Merhojed, are featured in the video game Kingdom Come: Deliverance.
References
External links
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semt%C4%9B%C5%A1 | Semtěš | Semtěš is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scho%C5%99ov | Schořov | Schořov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita%20Virk | Amrita Virk | Amrita Virk () is a Punjabi singer from Indian Punjab. She entered the world of Punjabi music in 1998, releasing her first album, Kalli Beh Ke Ro Laini Aan.
Life and career
Virk was born on 11 June 1975. She started singing at very early age like in school functions. She started professional singing in 1997 when the industry was dominated by male singers. In July 1998, she released her first album, Kalli Beh Ke Ro Laini Aan, which made her a recognised singer in the industry.
Discography
She released 56 albums till now. Some of her albums are:
Kalli Beh Ke Ro Laini Aan (July 1998)
Saada Pai Gia Vichhora (Jan. 1999)
Masti Bharia Akhara (Mar. 1999)
Yaari Tutti Ton (May 1999)
Dil Tuttya Laggda (May 1999)
Masti Bharia Duja Akhara (June 1999)
Doli Hune Hi Turi Aa (Aug. 1999)
Tainu Pyar Ni Kardi Main (Oct. 1999)
Hae Tauba (Feb. 2000)
Pyar Ho Gia (April 2000)
Tutt Ke Sharik Ban Gia (Nov. 2000)
Tu Mainu Bhull Javenga (Feb. 2001)
Stagi Dhamaka (June 2001)
Teri Yaad Sataaundi Ai (Sept. 2001)
Pai Na Jaan Puaare (Nov. 2002)
Paani Dian Chhallan (Feb. 2004)
Timtimaunde Taare (Mar. 2004)
Dil Di Wahi (Dec. 2004)
Tauhr Amrita Di (Dec. 2007)
Terian Nishania (Feb. 2009)
See also
Jaswinder Brar
Hardev Mahinangal
Dharampreet
References
External links
Punjabi-language singers
1975 births
Living people |
44496300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangar%20Patler | Bangar Patler | Banger Patler is 1993 Tulu Language film. It was produced and directed by Dr. Richard Castelino, and shot by cinematographer Sundarnath Suvarna. The musical score is by Ragdev. The film stars Vaman Raj in the title role, with supporting roles by Sudha Rani, Kasargod Chinna, Sarojini Shetty, Sundeep Malani, Rohidas Kadri and others. It was shot in and around Mangalore. The film ran for 105 days in Jyothi Talkies, Mangalore. It was the first Tulu cinema which won national award.
List of Tulu movies
List of tulu films of 2015
List of Tulu films of 2014
List of Released Tulu films
Tulu cinema
References
1993 films
Tulu-language films
Films shot in Mangalore |
23573116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heckler%20%26%20Koch%20FABARM%20FP6 | Heckler & Koch FABARM FP6 | {{Infobox weapon
|name=FP6
| image= H&KFabarmFP6entry.jpg
| image_size = 300
|origin=Italy
|type=Combat shotgunRiot shotgun
|is_ranged=yes
|service=
|used_by=See users
|wars=
|designer=
|design_date= 1998
|manufacturer=FABARM
|production_date= 1998–present
|number=
|variants= 4
|weight=6.6 lb
|length=41.25 in, 105cm
|part_length=20 in, 51cm
|cartridge=12 gauge 2 & 3 inch shells
|caliber=
|action=pump-action
|rate=
|velocity=
|range=30 m
|max_range=
|feed=5+1 rounds or 7+1 rounds, internal tube magazine
|sights=Night
}}
The Fabarm FP6 is a pump-action combat shotgun that was manufactured by the Italian firearms company Fabbrica Bresciana Armi S.p.A. (FABARM) and sold by Heckler & Koch. It was intended for civilian and law enforcement use.
History
Upon severing business association with Benelli in 1998, Heckler & Koch replaced their entire line of shotguns with those manufactured by FABARM. The line featured hunting and sport shotguns in over-and-under, side-by-side, semi-automatic autoloaders and pump shotguns including youth models. For military, law enforcement and home defense use, H&K released four variants of the FP6 model.
Design details
The machined receiver is manufactured from lightweight Ergal 55 alloy and is drilled and tapped for scope mounting. Three of the four variants were sold with an attached Picatinny rail for mounting optics or accessories and the bottom forward edge of the forend is also drilled to accept an accessory rail. With the exception of the short-barreled model, FABARM shotguns are sold with their Tribore barrel which is a deep-drilled, machined barrel with three separate internal bore profiles. Beginning at the chamber and forcing cone, the bore is enlarged to .7401" to soften recoil while the second profile is in the middle of the barrel gradually choking down to .7244" to emulate a cylinder bore profile to increase velocity. The final bore is the FABARM choke system which consists of standard choking followed by a cylinder profile at the muzzle which serves to improve shot patterns and distribution. The muzzle is threaded to accept one of five different chokes or a muzzle brake/compensator. Some models were sold with a ventilated barrel shroud.
Features of the weapon include a chrome-plated trigger, slide release, and shell carrier. There is also an oversized triangular push-button safety. The trigger group is held in the receiver by two pins which makes removal for cleaning and maintenance very easy. Some models have a flip-up frontsight (which serves as a low-profile sight when closed) while others have a small blade sight. Other models were issued with ghost-ring sights.
The forend and buttstock are synthetic black polymer with the latter having a synthetic rubber recoil pad mounted on the end. One model was issued instead with a heavy wire gauge folding stock and pistol grip. Models were available with either a black anodized protective finish, matte finish, or were finished in carbon fiber.
Operation
The forend is connected to dual action bars which cycle the bolt when pulled back towards the receiver. As it travels to the rear, the shell latch is pushed out of the way by a camming surface on the action bar allowing a cartridge to drop into the carrier while the remaining shells in the magazine tube are held by the cartridge retaining latch. As the forend is returned, the action bars bring the bolt forward while the carrier aligns the shell before seating it into the chamber. After the shell is fully seated, the action bars continue forward forcing the locking bolt into a recess which is on top of the barrel extension causing the action to lock into battery. Upon firing the weapon, the slide unhooking lever releases and the action is allowed to cycle, extracting and ejecting the spent shell while cocking the hammer and releasing the next round from the magazine.
Accessories
All FP6 shotguns are sold with a choke adjustment wrench, owners manual and a hard plastic vacu-formed impact case. Additional accessories available from H&K include an assortment of chokes, muzzle brakes/compensators, magazine tube extensions, pistol grips and folding stocks. There is an adapter available for the receiver of the FP6 to allow use of Remington 870 stocks such as BlackHawk and Knoxx stocks.
Variants
H&K released four variants of the FP6.
Standard FP6 (H&K 40621HS) featuring a 20" Tribore barrel, black protective finish, perforated heatshield, small front blade sight, fixed synthetic buttstock, and a rounded forend.
Carbon fiber finish model (H&K 40621CF) featuring a 20" Tribore barrel, no heatshield, receiver-mount Picatinny rail, small front blade sight, fixed synthetic buttstock, and a rounded forend.
Folding stock and pistol gripped model with a 20" Tribore barrel, no heatshield, receiver-mount Picatinny rail, and a large flip-up blade sight.
Tactical short-barreled model, the FP6 Entry (H&K 40621T), featuring a 14" barrel, matte finish, perforated heatshield, receiver-mount Picatinny rail, large flip-up blade sight, fixed synthetic buttstock, and a contoured forend. This variant has a 33.75" overall length and is regulated by the National Firearms Act as a Title II firearm in the United States.
Users
- National Gendarmerie
- GSG 9, replacing all Remington Model 870P
See also
Fabarm SDASS Tactical
List of shotguns
Notes
References
Fortier, David M. "Italian alley sweeper: pumping lead with the Fabarm FP6", Guns Magazine, August 2003.
Gangarosa, Gene Jr., (2001). Heckler & Koch—Armorers of the Free World. Stoeger Publishing, Maryland. .
Ramage, Ken. (2008). Gun Digest 2008''. Krause Publications. p. 419.
Shotguns of Italy
FABARM FP6
Pump-action shotguns
Police weapons
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1998 |
44496315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Tikhonov | Viktor Tikhonov | Viktor or Victor Tikhonov may refer to:
Viktor Tikhonov (politician) (1949–2020), Ukrainian politician, member of parliament and former ambassador
Viktor Tikhonov (born 1930) (1930–2014), Soviet ice hockey player and coach
Viktor Tikhonov (born 1988), Russian ice hockey player, grandson of Viktor Vasilyevich Tikhonov (1930–2014) |
23573122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavo%C5%A1ov | Slavošov | Slavošov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Hranice and Věžníkov are administrative parts of Slavošov.
Notable people
Jaroslav Stodola and Dana Stodolová (born 1966 and 1970), serial killers; lived here
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sob%C4%9B%C5%A1%C3%ADn | Soběšín | Soběšín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Otryby is an administrative part of Soběšín.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sou%C5%88ov | Souňov | Souňov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C5%88kovice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Staňkovice (Kutná Hora District) | Staňkovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Chlum, Nová Ves, Ostašov and Smilovice are administrative parts of Staňkovice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starko%C4%8D | Starkoč | Starkoč is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Starkoč is from 1355.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C4%9Bjov | Sudějov | Sudějov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixora%20%28album%29 | Ixora (album) | Ixora is the fifth full-length album by Florida-based indie rock band Copeland. Pre-orders were made available on April 1, 2014, and the album was originally scheduled to be released on October 30, 2014. Due to issues during recording that prolonged its completion, the album's release date was postponed until November 24, 2014.
Ixora was recorded and produced in Aaron Marsh's studio, The Vanguard Room, in Lakeland, Florida, and was mixed by Michael Brauer. In addition to the standard ten-track album, a twin, deluxe edition was also recorded and made available for purchase as part of a pre-order exclusive bundle. The twin edition is a double-disc set. Disc one is an extended version of Ixora that contains an additional bonus track, while disc two is an alternate version of the album. Like a remix album, it can be listened to on its own but it can also be played in sync with disc one. In theory, playing both discs at the same time will create a quadraphonic version of Ixora.
Track listing
Reception
Ixora has been well received by critics, with Metacritic awarding the album an aggregate score of 77/100 based on four reviews. Keagan Ilvonen of AbsolutePunk wrote, "There hasn’t been a Copeland album as complete as Ixora". Mark Demming of AllMusic stated, "Copeland is embracing a more mature subject matter than they did on their early albums, but with the same moody and thoughtful musical approach that marked their best-known work".
Personnel
Copeland
Aaron Marsh – vocals, guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, trombone, programming, string and wind arrangements
Bryan Laurenson – guitar, keyboards
Stephen Laurenson – guitar, keyboards, programming
Jonathan Bucklew – drums, percussion
Guest musicians
Steff Koeppen – vocals on "Ordinary" (only Twin version), "Chiromancer", "Like I Want You" and "World Turn" (only Twin version)
Matthew Davis – cello
Joshua Dampier – violin, viola
Matt Evers – bassoon
Steve Jones – trumpet
Jesse Bryant – clarinet
Eva Stillinger – French horn
Dawn Hardy – oboe
Mikel Larrinaga – sax
Production
Produced by Aaron Marsh
Mixed by Michael Brauer, Quad Studio, New York
Mastered by Joe LaPorta
Notes
Copeland (band) albums
2014 albums
Albums produced by Aaron Marsh |
23573135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Francisco%2C%20Nayarit | San Francisco, Nayarit | San Francisco, also known as San Pancho, is a Mexican town situated in the State of Nayarit on the central Pacific coast of Mexico about 50 km north of Puerto Vallarta on Federal Hwy 200.
Geography, flora and fauna
San Francisco is situated along the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Nayarit. The entire state of Nayarit is located south of the Tropic of Cancer and experiences a tropical, hot, and humid climate.
San Francisco is at the edge of the Sierra de Vallejo Biosphere Reserve which provides water to the inhabitants of the region, and is considered by CONABIO as a priority region for the conservation of its natural resources, plant and animal diversity. It is bordered by jungle that is home to the jaguar and scores of other exotic mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and bird species. The region is also notable for its floral diversity.
History
Before the arrival of the Spanish, and still somewhat today, the coast and nearby mountainous region known as the Sierra Madre Occidental was populated by the indigenous Cora and Huichol.
As the Spanish developed ports at San Blas to the north and Puerto Vallarta to the south, the region began to increase in population but still at a much slower pace and was cut off from urban centers like Guadalajara. Franciscan priests presided along with landowners over huge latifundio estates.
Long after Mexican independence, in 1931, as part of sweeping land reform following the Mexican Revolution, the land that comprises modern-day Sayulita and San Francisco was transferred to communal ejido control.
San Francisco continued to rely on subsistence fishing and some mango and tropical fruit cultivation until the changes made by then-President Luis Echeverría in the 1970s who made it the site of his family vacation retreat. A flow of federal funding to San Francisco followed his dream of making San Francisco a “self-sufficient...Third World village” which included the present hospital and a short-lived Universidad del Tercer Mundo.
Bird studies
Molina et al. (2016) made a study of the Avifauna, and report more than 40 species of birds, also Figueroa and Puebla (2014) made a research of the diversity in Sierra de Vallejo.
References
Meyer, Jean. Breve historia de Nayarit. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1997
http://revistabiociencias.uan.mx/index.php/BIOCIENCIAS/article/view/86/122
Populated places in Nayarit |
23573137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchdol%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Suchdol (Kutná Hora District) | Suchdol is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Dobřeň, Malenovice, Solopysky and Vysoká are administrative parts of Suchdol.
References
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
44496366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81rti%C5%86%C5%A1%20Krav%C4%8Denko | Mārtiņš Kravčenko | Mārtiņš Kravčenko (born July 16, 1985 in Rīga, Latvia) is a Latvian professional basketball player who plays the guard position and plays for Latvian Basketball League club BK Jēkabpils. Most of his career he spent at BK Barons which in 2008 won the Latvian Basketball League and FIBA EuroCup championships.
References
External links
Eurocup Profile
1985 births
Living people
BK Barons players
BK Liepājas Lauvas players
Latvian men's basketball players
MBC Mykolaiv players
Basketball players from Riga
Guards (basketball) |
23573138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svat%C3%BD%20Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1 | Svatý Mikuláš | Svatý Mikuláš is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Lišice, Sulovice and Svatá Kateřina are administrative parts of Svatý Mikuláš. Lišice and Sulovice form an exclave of the municipal territory.
Sights
Svatý Mikuláš is known for the Kačina Castle. It is an Empire style building from 1806–1824 with three parts, a main building and two wings. Today it is used by National Museum of Agriculture, which opened here the Czech Countryside Museum. In the left wing there is a never-finished castle chapel and a castle theatre completed in the middle of the 19th century. In the right wing is the Chotek Library with more than 40,000 volumes of educational and beautiful literature from the 16th–19th centuries.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
6899615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20structures%20in%20Japan | List of tallest structures in Japan | Japan has more than 270 high-rise buildings above 150 metres (492 ft). Unlike other Asian countries with skyscrapers exceeding 400 metres in height, Japan's skyscrapers are relatively shorter. Construction is difficult due to the high cost of labor and construction material; all buildings above 50 meters must also be as earthquake-proof as possible and adhere to other strict structural standards.
The tallest building in Japan is currently the 300-metre (984 ft) tall Abeno Harukas, located in Osaka. Two new buildings are set to rise over 300 metres and surpass Abeno Harukas as Japan's tallest. Firstly, the Toranomon-Azabudai District Building A, a 330-metre (1082 ft) supertall skyscraper, is scheduled to be finished in 2023 in Tokyo. Then, in 2027, the 390-metre (1279 ft) Torch Tower, to be built at the Tokyo Torch district, will become the new tallest building in Japan.
Tallest buildings
This list ranks Japanese skyscrapers that stand at least 190 metres (623 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This height includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. Existing partially habitable structures are included for comparison purposes; however, they are not ranked.
Under construction
This lists buildings and free-standing structures that are under construction in Japan and are planned to rise at least 180 metres (590 ft). Any buildings that have been topped out but are not completed are also included.
* Indicates buildings that are still under construction but have been topped out.
Proposed
This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in Japan and are planned to rise at least 180 metres (591 ft).
Timeline of tallest buildings
This is a list of buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Japan. From its completion in 1958 and until the opening of the Tokyo Skytree in 2011, Tokyo Tower retained the title of tallest structure in Japan, aside from various guyed masts that were built in the 1960s and 1970s, later dismantled in the 1990s.
Tallest structures
This list ranks Japanese structures that stand at least 210 metres (689 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This height includes spires, architectural details and antenna masts.
Demolished or destroyed structures
See also
List of tallest structures in Tokyo
List of tallest structures in Osaka Prefecture
List of tallest buildings in Nagoya
List of tallest buildings in Asia
List of tallest buildings
References
General
Diagram of Japanese skyscrapers at SkyscraperPage.com
Specific
External links
Diagram of skyscrapers at SkyscraperPage.com
Tallest buildings
Japan |
23573139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20wardii | Stanhopea wardii | Stanhopea wardii is a species of orchid found from Nicaragua to Venezuela.
References
External links
wardii
Orchids of Venezuela
Orchids of Nicaragua |
44496372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halatty%20Manithalatty | Halatty Manithalatty | Halatty Manthalatty is a village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, under the Nilgiris District. Halatty Manthalatty is also the name given to a range of mountains spread across the states of Tamil Nadu as well as Karnataka and Kerala. It is one of the small villages in Udhagamandalam Taluk in The Nilgiris District under Kadanad Panchayat. Around 100 families and Around 400 people are living in this village.
History
Halatty Manithalatty village has a history going back many centuries. In this village occupied by Badagas , the major non tribal caste is Badaga.
Geography and climate
Halatty Manithalatty is a small village. It has an area of 200 km2. This village is a hilly region, situated at an elevation of 2,000 to 2,600 meters above sea level. Almost the entire village lies in the Western ghats. Halatty Manithalatty village is bounded by Mysore district, Karnataka and Wayanad district, Kerala in the North, Malappuram and Palakkad districts, Kerala in the West, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu in the South.
This Village usually receives rain both during South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon seasons. Udhagamandalam Taluk receive rain by the South West Monsoon and some portion of Udhagamandalam Taluk and the entire Coonoor and Kotagiri Taluks are benefited by the rains of North East Monsoon. There are 16 rainfall registering stations in the district The average annual rainfall of the district is 1,920.80 mm.
Halatty Manithalatty village principal town of the area is Ooty(Udhagamandalam), which is the district capital of Nilgiris. This is the major town for Halatty Manithalatty villagers. They used to go Ooty for buying and selling of goods. Ooty is one of the famous tourist spots in The Nilgiris.
Village administration
Halatty Manithalatty village is under the Udhagamandalam Taluk in The Nilgiris District under Kadanad Panchayat. Kadanad post office is the Branch post office of Halatty Manithalatty village. Denaducombai post office is Head office. Halatty Manithalatty village pincode is 643206. Telephone and STD code is 0423.
Languages
Badaga is the main language for in this village, which has no script and spoken by about 245,000 Badagas in 200 villages in the Nilgiris.
Tamil language is also spoken in this village. Many people speak and understand English, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi.
Basic infrastructure
Transport
Halatty Manithalatty village has two main buses from Ooty ATC. Ooty bus stand as the central bus stand for the Halatty Manithalatty village apart from Municipal Bus Stand, Coonoor. The village roads are maintained by Panchayat Union. It will take around 30 minutes to reach Halatty Manithalatty Village from Ooty. Major bus stops include:
Collector Office, Ooty
Forest Gate
Adasolai Village
Denadu combai
Kadanad Village
Health infrastructure
Kadanad village is the nearest village. It has the Primary Health Centre. Ooty is the main area for this village's Health infrastructure.
Agriculture
Agriculture is the most common work for all. Halatty Manithalatty village used to develop the Horticulture field, and the economy of the village depends upon the success and failure of crops like potato, beans, beetroot, carrot, tea. This village also produces eucalyptus oil and here living people doing their own business such like as tourism guide, fertilizers shop, etc.
Education
In past, Halatty Manithalatty villagers did not have much interest in studies; nowadays they having more interest. Around 77.3% of the population are educated according to the 2013 census. Halatty Manithalatty village is surrounded schools and colleges.
Government School's
Government High School, Kadanad
Government Higher Sec School, Anikorai
Government Higher Sec School, Thuneri
Private Schools
Sathya sai matriculation school, Thuneri
Gurukulam matriculation school, Thuneri
Annai Saradha Devi matriculation school, Anikorai
Colleges
Government Arts and Science College, Ooty
CSI Engineering College, Ketti
Festival
Halatty Manithalatty village grand festival is "Thaipusam", held every year. Vinayagar chaturthi is also one of the festival for this people.
References
Villages in Nilgiris district |
23573143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ebest%C4%9Bnice | Šebestěnice | Šebestěnice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
6899623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Democratic%20Alliance | Southern Democratic Alliance | The Southern Democratic Alliance () is a pro-democracy political organization in Hong Kong. The Alliance was founded on February 1, 2004.
Its stated mission is to unite South Asians with local Chinese to build up a colorful Hong Kong. According to the party's chair, James Lung, local media have termed the Alliance the "Rising Sun of South Asians in the city."
Specifically emphasizing the need for stronger anti-discrimination legislation, the Alliance has focused on the desires of South Asians, specifically the Nepalese population in Hong Kong. One ally of the party has been the Nepalese spiritual group Heavenly Path. The two groups cosponsored a peace rally on July 1, 2007, which organizers claim drew more than 100 attendees.
The party's support for peace and reconciliation, including between mainland China and Taiwan, is at odds with official policy. This and other disagreement may have led to the August 4, 2008 closure of e-Wiki, a collaborative wiki website that hosted articles linking party chairman James Lung to the banned Falun Gong movement and which described his criticism of China's Communist Party. More recently, the Alliance has petitioned for the accommodation of English-dominant minority groups in Hong Kong, asking the Subcommittee on Race Discrimination to make English-language job postings available from the labor department.
The Southern Democratic Alliance first fielded candidates in the 2008 Legislative Council elections, in the Kowloon West district. Its nominees were party chairman James Lung and Heavenly Path spiritual leader Sukra Bantawa, an ethnic Nepali. In the September 7, 2008 election, the Alliance received only 591 votes, out of 206,583 cast, or 0.3%.
References
External links
Website of Southern Democratic Alliance
Political parties established in 2004
Political parties in Hong Kong |
23573144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Bayly | Martin Bayly | Martin Joseph Bayly (born 14 September 1966) is an Irish former professional footballer and manager.
His older brother is Ritchie Bayly while his nephew Robert Bayly currently plays for Shamrock Rovers.
Career
Club career
Born in Dublin, Bayly began his professional career as a youth player with local side Little Bray and English team Wolverhampton Wanderers. Bayly made his senior debut on 21 April 1984 in a 3–0 loss to Ipswich Town in the First Division, the first of seven consecutive appearances. He won the club's Young Player of the Year Award for the season, but made just three further appearances in the 1984–85 season before being released in the summer. In total, Bayly made a total of ten appearances in the Football League for Wolves.
Bayly was then briefly on the books at Coventry City before returning to his native Ireland to join Sligo Rovers. Bayly won the PFAI Young Player of the Year Award in 1987.
While at Sligo, Bayly played in the last ever game at Glenmalure Park in April 1987. Bayly then guested for Shamrock Rovers in a tournament in South Korea in June 1987, before moving to Derry City in 1988. After a year in Spain with UE Figueres, Bayly returned to Ireland to play with a number of clubs including St Patrick's Athletic, Derry City, St James's Gate, Athlone Town and Monaghan United, before signing with Shamrock Rovers in May 1992. Bayly was released by Shamrock Rovers in January 1993,
International career
Bayly appeared for Ireland in the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship and the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship.
References
1966 births
Living people
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
English Football League players
Sligo Rovers F.C. players
Derry City F.C. players
UE Figueres footballers
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Athlone Town A.F.C. players
Monaghan United F.C. players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. guest players
Home Farm F.C. players
Linfield F.C. players
League of Ireland XI players
League of Ireland players
League of Ireland managers
NIFL Premiership players
Home Farm F.C. coaches
St James's Gate F.C. players
Association football midfielders
Republic of Ireland football managers |
6899628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeloBind | VeloBind | VeloBind is a type of book binding often offered at copy and print shops. Velobinding involves punching several small holes along the edge of an unbound book. A strip of plastic with rigid tines is inserted into the holes from the top of the book, and a strip with corresponding holes is placed on the back with the tines protruding through. The book is then placed in a machine that holds the book tightly while the excess length of the tines is cut and the tips melted to seal the bind. The term "VeloBind" is a trademark of the General Binding Corporation, but is regularly used generically to refer to this process, though strip binding is also sometimes used.
Though velobinding is intended to be permanent, the binding can be carefully removed using a utility knife or the special cutting tool included with the binding machine.
Hardcover books can be created using the VeloBind process. Two adhesive inner covers are bound with the prospective contents. These adhesive pages are applied to the inside of a paperboard hard case, itself decoratively covered and containing an adhesive strip that matches with the spine. Book information can be embossed onto the cover with a contrasting foil. VeloBind hardcovers are often used to preserve theses and dissertations.
It is possible to take a soft covered Velo-bound book, remove the old binding and cover, and re-bind it with a hard cover, which may be pre-embossed for more a more impressive appearance. This rapid up-grade was the cause of the short-lived motto "Soft to hard in 30 seconds!"
That was first done when the firm was located in Sunnyvale, California.
There are a number of different styles of Velobind that are available from GBC. The most common style of Velobind strips have eleven pins that are equally spaced across the spine. This style of strips is used by a hot knife binding machine such as the GBC V800pro, Velobind System 2 or Velobind System Three Pro. All of those machines use a heated knife to permanently weld documents in place.
Other styles of Velobind binding strips include four pin reclosable strips and six pin reclosable strips. Four pin Velobind strips are designed for use with either an eleven hole pattern or with a four hole pattern. Six pin strips are designed for use with the personal velobinder which has now been discontinued. Both of these styles of strips allow users to edit their documents by simply snapping the excess portion of the pins into the back of the receiving strip.
One other style of GBC Velobind strips is the 111 or One-Eleven binding strips. The style uses a strip with serrated pins. The machine compresses the spine together locking the pages in place and then cuts the excess portion of the pins off to finish the document. The GBC 111 Velobind machine has been discontinued for many years and the supplies for this binding style are becoming difficult to find.
References
See also
Unibind
External links
Official Site: ACCO/GBC
VeloBind products page
Bookbinding |
17327644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20textbook | Open textbook | An open textbook is a textbook licensed under an open license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public. Many open textbooks are distributed in either print, e-book, or audio formats that may be downloaded or purchased at little or no cost.
Part of the broader open educational resources movement, open textbooks increasingly are seen as a solution to challenges with traditionally published textbooks, such as access and affordability concerns. Open textbooks were identified in the New Media Consortium's 2010 Horizon Report as a component of the rapidly progressing adoption of open content in higher education.
Usage rights
The defining difference between open textbooks and traditional textbooks is that the copyright permissions on open textbooks allow the public to freely use, adapt and distribute the material. Open textbooks either reside in the public domain or are released under an open license that grants usage rights to the public so long as the author is attributed.
The copyright permissions on open textbooks extend to all members of the public and cannot be rescinded. These permissions include the right to do the following:
use the textbook freely
create and distribute copies of the textbook
adapt the textbook by revising it or combining it with other materials
Some open licenses limit these rights to non-commercial use or require that adapted versions be licensed the same as the original.
Open licenses
Some examples of open licenses are:
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC-BY-SA)
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike (CC-BY-NC-SA)
GNU Free Documentation License
Waivers of copyright that place materials in the public domain include:
Creative Commons Public Domain Tools: CC0 (if you are the copyright holder) and the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark (to be applied to works "free of known copyright restrictions")
Affordability
Open textbooks increasingly are seen as an affordable alternative to traditional textbooks in both K-12 and higher education. In both cases, open textbooks offer both dramatic up-front savings and the potential to drive down traditional textbook prices through competition.
Higher education
In the United States, textbook costs increased 88% from July 2006 to July 2016. For this reason, in 2019, students were recommended to budget at least $1,230 per year for textbooks. Overall, open textbooks have been found by the Student Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) to offer 80% or more savings to higher education students over traditional textbooks.
In 2010, research commissioned by the Florida state legislature pointed to the savings potential open textbooks could secure for students. Legislative reports in Texas and North Dakota also pointed to the potential of open textbook programs to secure cost savings. State-backed initiatives began in Washington, Ohio, California, and Texas. In Canada, the province of British Columbia became the first jurisdiction to have a similar open textbook program. In subsequent years, various state, provincial, national, and institutional initiatives emerged to support creation and use of open textbooks.
Open Oregon, a state-funded initiative active since 2015, indicated in an annual report that open textbooks can not only secure significant savings for students, these savings compound over time as materials are reused. For instance, Open Oregon initially offered $52,098 in funding for open textbooks in 2015. By 2019, the program estimated that students in Oregon higher education had secured $477,409.24 in savings.
Organizations supporting creation of open textbooks cite other reasons for doing so that go beyond cost savings. In 2010, the Florida state legislature pointed to "compelling academic reasons" for using open textbooks that included: "improved quality, flexibility and access to resources, interactive and active learning experiences, currency of textbook information, broader professional collaboration, and the use of teaching and learning technology to enhance educational experiences" (OATTF, p. i).
Based on survey data gathered in September 2020, Student PIRGs cited additional reasons for supporting accessible open textbooks in light of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. They noted that, while commercial textbook prices had not continued to surge in the past year, students experiencing economic uncertainty, food shortages, and limited access to Internet were more likely to forgo or lose access to course materials. This report highlighted the economic inequalities that are further exacerbated by an educational market characterized by cost inflation and demanding technological requirements.
Research
A meta-analysis of 22 studies of 100,012 students found that there were no differences between open and commercial textbooks for learning performance. Students enrolled in courses with open textbooks had a lower withdrawal rate than students enrolled in courses in commercial textbooks. Systematic reviews of open educational resources, including open textbooks, concluded that faculty and student perceptions of the quality of open textbooks was comparable to that of commercial textbooks.
Platforms
Open textbooks and other open educational resources may be found on several platforms, typically organized by universities and non-profit organizations, such as MERLOT. The University of Minnesota Open Textbook library is coordinated through the Center for Open Education and is a repository of downloadable open textbooks. OpenStax is both a platform for locating open textbooks and an open textbook creator. Peer review is a common practice across platforms.
K–12 education
Research at Brigham Young University has produced a web-based cost comparison calculator for traditional and open K-12 textbooks. To use the calculator the inputs commercial textbook cost, planned replacement frequency, and number of annual textbook user count are required. A section is provided to input time requirements for adaptation to local needs, annual updating hours, labor rate, and an approximation of pages. The summary section applies an industry standard cost for print-on-demand of the adapted open textbook to provide a cost per student per year for both textbook options. A summed cost differential over the planned period of use is also calculated.
Milestones
Several organizations, publishers, and initiatives have taken a lead in furthering open textbook publishing, particularly in North America.
In early 2011, Connexions announced a series of two grants that would allow the platform to produce a total of 20 open textbooks ultimately distributed as the OpenStax collection. Initially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Michelson 20MM Foundation, and the Maxfield Foundation, this project expanded over an 18-month time frame to include open textbooks for Anatomy & Physiology, Sociology, Biology, Biology for non-majors, and Physics. The second phase of the OpenStax project would produce an additional 15 titles. The most expensive part of this process was image rights clearing with cleared images becoming available for reuse in even more titles. As of June 2021, OpenStax indicates that their textbooks are in use in 60% of U.S. colleges and universities and 100 countries worldwide.
In February 2012, the Saylor Foundation sponsored an "Open Textbook Challenge", offering a $20,000 reward for newly written open textbooks or existing textbooks released under a CC-BY license.
After its launch in 2012, the BC Open Textbook Pilot went on to win many accolades for its commitment to providing open textbooks to students in British Columbia, Canada. BCcampus was tasked with coordinating the program, whose goal was to "make higher education more accessible by reducing student cost through the use of openly licensed textbooks." BCcampus' catalog of open textbooks is widely regarded as a leading source of information about existing OER in Canada. The organization has taken the lead in educating the OER community about textbook accessibility via its Accessibility Toolkit. In 2015 and 2016, BCcampus won Creative Innovation and Open Education Excellence awards from the Open Education Consortium. In 2018, it won a SPARC Innovator Award.
In 2012, David Ernst, a faculty member in the College of Education and Human Development at the University of Minnesota, founded Open Textbook Library (OTL) to help other faculty members locate and adopt open textbooks. Ernst launched traveling workshops that presented the concept of OER to faculty members and invited them to review textbooks in OTL using a pre-set rubric. In 2014, Ernst created Open Textbook Network to provide peer support to institutions looking to expand their open education initiatives. Later renamed Open Education Network, this organization had grown by June 2021 to comprise 140 members and 1,147 campuses across North America and select locations worldwide. Its initiatives came to include local workshops, a publishing cooperative, a certificate in OER Librarianship, and an annual Summer Summit. Meanwhile, Open Textbook Library had grown to 883 textbooks by June 2021.
In 2013, the Maricopa County Community College District launched the Maricopa Millions Study. The goal of this project was to "radically decrease student costs by offering LOW COST or NO COST options for course materials." The project aimed to save students $5 in five years.
In 2013, Tidewater Community College rolled out the first known degree program using exclusively zero-cost course materials. Tidewater's Associate of Science in Business Administration was known as a "Z-Degree" program, and in 2017 the college reported that the degree had garnered students $1 million in savings to date.
Based in Canada, the Rebus Foundation emerged in the 2010s to provide support for authors seeking to publish open textbooks. The foundation provides professional development, facilitates workshops, and encourages authors to connect over shared OER projects.
Also emerging in the 2010s, Pressbooks set out to provide "open-source, book production ... built around the WordPress platform." Since the platform's introduction, many institutions have built open textbook publishing efforts around Pressbooks. Some of the results may be viewed on the Pressbooks Directory. As of June 2021, more than 2,500 books had been published to the directory.
Awards
Because authors do not make money from the sale of open textbooks, many organizations have tried to use prizes or grants as financial incentives for writing open textbooks or releasing existing textbooks under open licenses. Examples of grants and awards follow.
In November 2010, Anthony Brandt was awarded an "Access to Artistic Excellence" grant from the National Endowment for the Arts for his innovative music appreciation course in Connexions. "Sound Reasoning" "takes a new approach [to teaching music appreciation]: It presents style-transcendent principles, illustrated by side-by-side examples from both traditional and contemporary music. The goal is to empower listeners to be able to listen attentively and think intelligently about any kind of music, no matter its style. Everything is listening based; no ability to read music is required." The module being completed with grant funds is entitled "Hearing Harmony". Brandt cites choosing the Connexions open content publishing platform because "it was an opportunity to present an innovative approach in an innovative format, with the musical examples interpolated directly into the text."
In December 2010, open textbook publisher Flat World Knowledge was recognized by the American Library Association's Business Reference and Services Section (ALA BRASS) by being named to the association's list of "Outstanding Business Reference Sources: The 2010 Selection of Recent Titles". The categories of business and economics open textbooks from Flat World Knowledge's catalog were selected for this award and referenced as "an innovative new vehicle for affordable (or free) online access to premier instructional resources in business and economics." Specific criteria used by the American Library Association BRASS when evaluating titles for selection were:
A resource compiled specifically to supply information on a certain subject or group of subjects in a form that will facilitate its ease of use. The works are examined for authority and reputation of the publisher, author, or editor; accuracy; appropriate bibliography; organization, comprehensiveness, and value of the content; currency and unique addition to the field; ease of use for intended purpose; quality and accuracy of indexing; and quality and usefulness of graphics and illustrations. Each year more electronic reference titles are published, and additional criteria by which these resources are evaluated include search features, stability of content, graphic design quality, and accuracy of links. Works selected are intended to be suitable for medium to large academic and public libraries.The Text and Academic Author's Association awarded a 2011 Textbook Excellence Award ("Texty") to the first open textbook to ever win such recognition in that year. A maximum of eight academic titles could earn this award each year. The title "Organizational Behavior" by Talya Bauer and Berrin Erdogan earned one of seven 2011 Textbook Excellence Awards granted. Bauer & Erdogan's "Organizational Behavior" open textbook was published by Flat World Knowledge.
Other significant honors can be found via Open Education Global—a community that presents annual awards for innovation and leadership in open education.
Instruction
Open textbooks are flexible in ways that traditional textbooks are not, which gives instructors more freedom to use them in the way that best meets their instructional needs.
One common frustration with traditional textbooks is the frequency of new editions, which force the instructor to modify the curriculum to the new book. Any open textbook can be used indefinitely, so instructors need only change editions when they think it is necessary.
Many open textbooks are licensed to allow modification. This means that instructors can add, remove or alter the content to better fit a course's needs. Furthermore, the cost of textbooks can in some cases contribute to the quality of instruction when students are not able to purchase required materials. A Florida governmental panel found after substantial consultation with educators, students, and administrators that "there are compelling academic reasons to use open access textbooks such as: improved quality, flexibility and access to resources, interactive and active learning experiences, currency of textbook information, broader professional collaboration, and the use of teaching and learning technology to enhance educational experiences." (OATTF, p. i)
Authorship
Author compensation for open textbooks works differently than traditional textbook publishing. By definition, the author of an open textbook grants the public the right to use the textbook for free, so charging for access is no longer possible. However, numerous models for supporting authors are developing. For example, a startup open textbook publisher called Flat World Knowledge pays its authors royalties on the sale of print copies and study aids. Other proposed models include grants, institutional support and advertising.
American legislation
Legislation "to authorize grants for the creation, update, or adaption of open textbooks" and assure those developed would be made available under favorable licenses was introduced into the 111th United States Congress, both in the Senate and the House of Representatives. Findings specific to open textbooks detailed in the bill text are:
The growth of the Internet has enabled the creation and sharing of open content, including open educational resources.
The U.S. President has proposed a new, significant federal investment in the creation of online open-source courses for community colleges that will make learning more accessible, adaptable, and affordable for students.
The high cost of college textbooks continues to be a barrier for many students in achieving higher education, and according to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, 200,000 qualified students fail to enroll in college each year due to cost.
The College Board reported that for the 2007-2008 academic year an average student spent an estimated $805 to $1,229 on college books and supplies.
Making high quality open textbooks freely available to the general public could significantly lower college textbook costs and increase accessibility to such education materials.
Open textbooks can improve learning and teaching by creating course materials that are more flexible, adaptable, and accessible through the use of technology.
This legislation did not reach the floor of either chamber for debate or vote prior to the conclusion of the 111th Congress.
After this initial foray into legislation supporting OER in higher education, the U.S. Congress funded an Open Textbook Pilot Program in 2018. As of 2021, funding had been renewed every year. In 2021, $7 million was awarded to nine projects nationwide.
Industry opposition
The current higher education textbook industry has voiced stiff opposition to creation and adoption of open textbooks. The industry is represented by Bruce Hildebrand, a former senior vice president from the controversial firm Hill & Knowlton International Public Relations, who is now acting as executive director for higher education for the Association of American Publishers.
Accessibility
As institutions moved toward digital access during the COVID-19 pandemic, accessibility of course materials became a mounting concern. Specifically, accessibility for people with disabilities has been a challenge across resources including open textbooks. Web accessibility is defined by W3C as adherence to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Studies have increasingly shown that open textbooks fail multiple criteria outlined in WCAG. These studies have caused the open education community to produce guides for improving the accessibility of open textbooks and OER.
Projects and Initiatives
A number of projects and initiatives around the world seek to develop, support and promote open textbooks. Two very notable advocates and supporters of open textbook and related open education projects include the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Australian Open Textbook Project
The Australian Open Textbook Project is investigating the current and potential role of open textbooks in Australian higher education. The project has a particular focus on social justice and is funded by the National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE).
BCcampus
BCcampus supports online college and university education in British Columbia (BC), Canada. In 2012 BCcampus was awarded the first in a series of provincial funds from the BC Ministry of Advanced Education to support the use and development of open textbooks in British Columbia, including the creation of open textbooks in popular subjects. BCcampus provides a library of curated open textbooks and extensive support for open textbook development.
Digital Open Textbooks for Development (DOT4D)
The DOT4D project is based at The University of Cape Town and funded by the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC). The project focuses on supporting the use of open textbook use in South African higher education. DOT4D has a particular focus on social justice.
eCampus Ontario
eCampus Ontario is a Canadian non-governmental organisation (NGO). It supports the use of OER and partners with higher education institutions to support the development of open textbooks. eCampus Ontario also provide a curated collection of OER, including open textbooks.
OpenStax
OpenStax (formerly Connexions and OpenStax College) was founded in 2011 and is based at Rice University. As at June 2021 OpenStax provided 61 openly licensed, curriculum aligned textbooks for universities, colleges and high schools, largely available in US English but with some textbooks available in Polish. OpenStax has charitable status and is funded from a variety of sources, including foundation funding. During 2019 it was reported that OpenStax materials were being used by half of all higher education institutions in the United States.
Open Education Network
The Open Education Network (formerly the Open Textbook Network) is based at The University of Minnesota. A membership organisation, The Open Education Network supports the use of OER in Higher Education. The associated Open Textbook Library had curated 886 open textbooks for reuse as at June 2021.
Polish Coalition for Open Education (KOED) and the Polish Government
The KOED advocates for the use of OER in Poland. The work of KOED informed the Polish Government investment in open textbooks for use in primary and secondary education during 2012 and 2013. A range of open textbooks have been developed and made available.
Siyavula
Based in South Africa, Siyavula was founded in 2007 and offers high school maths and science open textbooks. Initially funded through a Shuttleworth Foundation fellowship, the South African government provided 2.5 million print copies of Siyavula textbooks to South African high school students during 2012.
UK Open Textbooks Project
The Hewlett Foundation funded UK Open Textbooks project (2017–2018) was a collaborative pilot project investigating the applicability of two methods of open textbook adoption to the UK context.
See also
Open educational resources
Open content
Openness
California Open Source Textbook Project
Global Text
CK-12 Foundation
Free High School Science Texts
OER Commons
MIT OpenCourseWare
WikiToLearn
Wikibooks
References
External links
BC Open Textbooks
Mavs Open Press
Milne Open Textbooks
OASIS (Openly Available Sources Integrated Search)
OER Africa
Open Oregon
Open Textbook Library at the University of Minnesota
OpenStax
PDX Open
Pressbooks Directory
Textbooks |
23573146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tipoklasy | Štipoklasy | Štipoklasy is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20%28software%29 | Random (software) | Random was an iOS mobile app that used algorithms and human-curation to create an adaptive interface to the Internet. The app served a remix of relevance and serendipity that allowed people to find diverse topics and interesting content that they might not have encountered otherwise.
Random did not require a login or sign-up - the use of the app was anonymous. The app was powered by an artificial intelligence that learned from direct and indirect user interactions inside the app. While learning and adapting to a person, Random created a unique anonymous choice profile that was then used for recommending topics and content. The app didn't recommend the same content twice.
User interface
Random's user interface was made of ever-changing topic blocks that contained keywords and images. By choosing any of the blocks, the user would see related web content. By closing the web content, the user could access new related topics. The user interface allowed people to get more information about a specific topic area or then just leap freely from topic to topic. The content recommended by Random could be any type of web content, varying from news articles to long-form stories and from photographs to videos. Every user of the Random was curating content for other users by using the app.
History
Random was launched in March 2014. The startup was backed by Skype co-founder Janus Friis.
The Random app received a strong reception from the likes of The New York Times, TechCrunch, New Scientist, Vice, and other leading publications. The app went on to gain traction with an active and loyal user community of several hundreds of thousands. This was not enough to support the free app model the team strongly believed in, and the service was terminated in Dec 2015.
Reception
Various reviews in media have emphasized that Random enables people to break their filter bubble and find diverse content they might not find elsewhere.
Alan Henry of Lifehacker wrote: "Random... breaks you out by intentionally guiding you to new topics and interesting articles at sites you may not otherwise read." Vice Motherboard's Claire Evans says that: "Random never turns into a filter bubble, because it perpetually injects the irrational into my experience… in a cocktail of relevancy and serendipity."
The app has been said to have a unique, minimalistic user experience. Kit Eaton of The New York Times commented that Random "let's you browse the news in a different way to all the other news sites you've probably ever used." Mashable reviewed Random by concluding that the "app may be one of the most simple content-discovery apps on the market."
References
Mobile applications
IOS software |
23573149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99ebe%C5%A1ice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Třebešice (Kutná Hora District) | Třebešice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Sights
Třebešice is known for the Třebešice Castle.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99eb%C4%9Bt%C3%ADn | Třebětín | Třebětín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Hostkovice and Víckovice are administrative parts of Třebětín.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryovrysi%2C%20Larissa | Kryovrysi, Larissa | Kryovrysi (, ) is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the community of Karya of which it was a communal district. The 2011 census recorded 83 inhabitants in the village. The community of Kryovrysi covers an area of 36.467 km2.
Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Kryovrysi was 83 people, an increase of almost 15% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.
See also
List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit
References
Populated places in Larissa (regional unit) |
23573156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99ebon%C3%ADn | Třebonín | Třebonín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17327662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20Island%20North%20Light | Block Island North Light | Block Island North Light (Lighthouse), built in 1867, is a historic lighthouse on Block Island, Rhode Island (New Shoreham).
History
The first light on the site was built in 1829. The current structure at Sandy Point is the fourth lighthouse built on the site and was made of granite and iron in 1867. The light was deactivated in 1973 and United States Fish and Wildlife Service acquired the lighthouse. The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
After years of neglect, the lighthouse, along with two acres of land, was sold to New Shoreham in 1984 for $1 USD. Following much renovation by the North Light Commission, it was relighted in 1989, and a museum opened on the first floor in 1993. Then, in 2008 the light underwent restoration at Georgetown Ironworks in Massachusetts and was returned in 2009. Finally, on 23 October 2010, a relighting ceremony took place.
Structure
The building is made of brown granite. The tower is octagonal in shape, in height, and provides a focal plane height of . It contains a fourth-order Fresnel lens, which flashes white light every five seconds, and has a range of . The lighthouse does not have a foghorn.
A wind generator and solar panels provide much of the power for the building.
See also
Block Island Southeast Light
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Lighthouse pics and info
Lighthouse Friend information and photos
Lighthouses in Washington County, Rhode Island
Lighthouse museums in Rhode Island
Museums in Washington County, Rhode Island
New Shoreham, Rhode Island
Lighthouses completed in 1867
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Rhode Island
1867 establishments in Rhode Island |
44496434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopko | Hopko | Hopko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Basil Hopko (1904–1976), Slovak Greek Catholic bishop
Hanna Hopko (born 1982), Ukrainian politician and journalist
Thomas Hopko (1939–2015), American Orthodox Christian priest and theologian |
44496449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Watts%20%28disambiguation%29 | Richard Watts (disambiguation) | Richard Watts (1529–1579) was an English businessman and MP for Rochester.
Richard Watts may also refer to:
Richard Watts (politician) (born 1975), British Labour Party politician
Richard Watts Jr. (1898–1981), theatre critic
Richard C. Watts (1853–1930), American judge
See also
Richard Watt (disambiguation) |
23573160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupadly%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Tupadly (Kutná Hora District) | Tupadly is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20beckeralis | Cliniodes beckeralis | Cliniodes beckeralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Colima in coastal western Mexico.
The length of the forewings is about 12 mm for males and 12–14 mm for females. The forewings are white with black and dark grey lines and postmedial area. The costa is dark brownish grey and the basal area is white. The hindwings are white. Adults have been recorded on wing in June.
Etymology
The species is named for Dr. Vitor Osmar Becker.
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
23573161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Chinetamatea%20River | Ōhinetamatea River | The Ōhinetamatea River is a river in the Westland District of New Zealand. It is also known as Saltwater Creek in the lower reaches.
The river rises on the north flank of the Copland Range and flows generally northward until it reaches the valley of the Cook River and turns westward. There is a high waterfall at elevation. The river passes to the south of an ancient glacial moraine which separates its lower reaches from the Cook River valley.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Westland District
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
6899646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-bismuth%20eutectic | Lead-bismuth eutectic | Lead-Bismuth Eutectic or LBE is a eutectic alloy of lead (44.5 at%) and bismuth (55.5 at%) used as a coolant in some nuclear reactors, and is a proposed coolant for the lead-cooled fast reactor, part of the Generation IV reactor initiative.
It has a melting point of 123.5 °C/255.3 °F (pure lead melts at 327 °C/621 °F, pure bismuth at 271 °C/520 °F) and a boiling point of 1,670 °C/3,038 °F.
Lead-bismuth alloys with between 30% and 75% bismuth all have melting points below 200 °C/392 °F.
Alloys with between 48% and 63% bismuth have melting points below 150 °C/302 °F.
While lead expands slightly on melting and bismuth contracts slightly on melting, LBE has negligible change in volume on melting.
History
The Soviet Alfa-class submarines used LBE as a coolant for their nuclear reactors throughout the Cold War.
The Russians are the acknowledged experts in lead-bismuth cooled reactors, with OKB Gidropress (the Russian developers of the VVER-type Light-water reactors) having special expertise in their development. The SVBR-75/100, a modern design of this type, is one example of the extensive Russian experience with this technology.
Gen4 Energy (formerly Hyperion Power Generation), a United States firm connected with Los Alamos National Laboratory, announced plans in 2008 to design and deploy a uranium nitride fueled small modular reactor cooled by lead-bismuth eutectic for commercial power generation, district heating, and desalinization. The proposed reactor, called the Gen4 Module, is planned as a 70 MWth reactor of the sealed modular type, factory assembled and transported to site for installation, and transported back to factory for refueling.
Advantages
As compared to sodium-based liquid metal coolants such as liquid sodium or NaK, lead-based coolants have significantly higher boiling points, meaning a reactor can be operated without risk of coolant boiling at much higher temperatures. This improves thermal efficiency and could potentially allow hydrogen production through thermochemical processes.
Lead and LBE also do not react readily with water or air, in contrast to sodium and NaK which ignite spontaneously in air and react explosively with water. This means that lead- or LBE-cooled reactors, unlike sodium-cooled designs, would not need an intermediate coolant loop, which reduces the capital investment required for a plant.
Both lead and bismuth are also an excellent radiation shield, absorbing gamma radiation while simultaneously being virtually transparent to neutrons. In contrast, sodium forms the potent gamma emitter sodium-24 (half-life 15 hours) following intense neutron radiation, requiring a large radiation shield for the primary cooling loop.
As heavy nuclei, lead and bismuth can be used as spallation targets for non-fission neutron production, as in accelerator transmutation of waste (see energy amplifier).
Both lead-based and sodium-based coolants have the advantage of relatively high boiling points as compared to water, meaning it is not necessary to pressurise the reactor even at high temperatures. This improves safety as it reduces the probability of a loss of coolant accident (LOCA), and allows for passively safe designs. The thermodynamic cycle (Carnot cycle) is also more efficient with a larger difference of temperature. However, a disadvantage of higher temperatures is also the higher corrosion rate of metallic structural components in LBE due to their increased solubility in liquid LBE with temperature (formation of amalgam) and to liquid metal embrittlement.
Limitations
Lead and LBE coolant are more corrosive to steel than sodium, and this puts an upper limit on the velocity of coolant flow through the reactor due to safety considerations. Furthermore, the higher melting points of lead and LBE (327 °C and 123.5 °C respectively) may mean that solidification of the coolant may be a greater problem when the reactor is operated at lower temperatures.
Finally, upon neutron radiation bismuth-209, the main isotope of bismuth present in LBE coolant, undergoes neutron capture and subsequent beta decay, forming polonium-210, a potent alpha emitter. The presence of radioactive polonium in the coolant would require special precautions to control alpha contamination during refueling of the reactor and handling components in contact with LBE.
See also
Subcritical reactor (accelerator-driven system)
References
External links
NEA 2015 LBE Handbook
Fusible alloys
Nuclear reactor coolants
Nuclear materials
Bismuth |
44496476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Nash | Adam Nash | Adam Nash may refer to:
Adam Nash (savior sibling)
Adam Nash (executive)
Adam Nash, character in The Country of Marriage |
44496477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Fitz-James%20Stuart%2C%2017th%20Duke%20of%20Hu%C3%A9scar | Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar | Fernando Juan Fitz-James Stuart y de Solís, 17th Duke of Huéscar, GE (born 14 September 1990), is a Spanish aristocrat. He is the current Duke of Huéscar, and heir apparent to the dukedom of Alba and thereby to the headship of the House of Alba.
Life and family
He was born in Madrid and is the elder son of Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba (born 2 October 1948), and Matilde de Solís-Beaumont y Martínez-Campos (born in Navarre, Spain, 13 June 1963). On 1 February 2016, he received the title of Duke of Huéscar (the traditional title of the heir to the House of Alba since the 16th century), which title was ceded by his father.
He studied in Madrid at The College for International Studies, where he met his future wife. He married his longtime girlfriend Sofía Palazuelo Barroso, daughter of Fernando Palazuelo and Sofía Barroso, on 6 October 2018 at Liria Palace in a ceremony attended by Queen Sofía of Spain, King Simeon II of Bulgaria and Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria.
On 8 September 2020 they had a daughter, Rosario, born at Hospital de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, in Madrid. She was baptized on 29 May 2021 in the Church of San Román (Seville). She received the names of Rosario Matilde Sofía Cayetana Dolores Teresa.
Ancestry
Fernando’s patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.
Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in Ducal Houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that Fernando’s historically accurate House name is Irujo.
Juan Martínez de Irujo
Martín Martínez de Irujo y Tavar, born 1613
Juan Martínez de Irujo y Mearín, born 1648
Francisco Martínez de Irujo y Éspoz, born 1678
Manuel Martínez de Irujo y de Erice, born 1718
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 1st Marquess of Casa Irujo, 1763–1824
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 2nd Marquess of Casa Irujo, 1803–1855
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 8th Duke of Sotomayor, 1846–1909
Pedro Martínez de Irujo, 9th Duke of Sotomayor, 1882–1957
Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz, 1919–1972
Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba, 1948
Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar, 1990
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles
Dukedoms
17th Duke of Huéscar, Grandee of Spain
Styles
1990–2016: The Most Excellent Don Fernando Fitz-James Stuart y de Solís
2016–present: The Most Excellent The Duke of Huéscar
Honours
Arms
References
|-
Living people
1990 births
Nobility from Madrid
Dukes of Huéscar
Fernando
Grandees of Spain |
44496485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjesme%20iz%20Bosne | Pjesme iz Bosne | Pjesme iz Bosne (Songs from Bosnia) is the debut release by Bosnian folk singer Zehra Deović. It was released 11 December 1962 and re-released with an alternate cover in 1964 through the label Jugoton.
Track listing
Personnel
Instruments
Ismet Alajbegović – accordion
Jovica Petković – accordion
Crew
Jozo Ćetković – photography
References
1962 EPs
Zehra Deović albums
Jugoton EPs |
17327666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M43%20motorway%20%28Hungary%29 | M43 motorway (Hungary) | The M43 motorway () is a Hungarian motorway that runs from the junction with the M5 Motorway west of Szeged to the Romanian border at Nagylak via Makó. Since 2015 it connects Hungary with Romania as the first border crossing on a motorway between the two countries.
Openings timeline
1: Szeged; M5 – Szeged-north (3 km): 2005.12.10.
2/A: Szeged-north – Szeged-Sándorfalva (4.4 km): 2010.04.01.
2/B: Szeged-Sándorfalva – Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely (3.3 km): 2010.10.07.
2/C: Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely – Makó (23.9 km): 2011.04.09.
3: Makó – Csanádpalota ( border) (23.1 km): 2015.07.11.
Junctions, exits and rest area
The route is full length motorway. The maximum speed limit is 130km/h, with (2x2 lane road with stop lane).
Maintenance
The operation and maintenance of the road by Hungarian Public Road Nonprofit Pte Ltd Co. This activity is provided by this highway engineer.
near Makó, kilometre trench 35
Payment
From February 1, 2016, the M43 motorway is fully charged. The motorway can be used instead of the national sticker with the following county stickers:
European Route(s)
Significant artifacts
Bridge
Ferenc Móra Bridge (; ) over Tisza river
See also
Roads in Hungary
Transport in Hungary
International E-road network
External links
National Toll Payment Services Plc. (in Hungarian, some information also in English)
Hungarian Public Road Non-Profit Ltd. (Magyar Közút Nonprofit Zrt.)
National Infrastructure Developer Ltd.
43 |
17327674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verba%20%28surname%29 | Verba (surname) | Verba is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ross Verba (born 1973), American football player
Sidney Verba (1932–2019), American academic
See also |
44496490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armavir%20%28ancient%20city%29 | Armavir (ancient city) | Armavir () (also called Armaouira in antiquity) was a large commercial city and the capital of ancient Armenia during the reign of the Orontid dynasty. It is located 1 km west of the 17th-century village of Armavir.
History
Antiquity
The area of ancient Armavir has been inhabited since the 6th millennium BC. Various obsidian instruments, bronze objects and pottery have been found from that period. Armenian legend held the city to have founded by King Aramais, a grandson of Hayk, in 1980 BC.
During the first half of the 8th century BC, King Argishti I of Urartu built a fortress in the area and named it Argishtikhinili. In 331 BC, when Armenia under the Orontid dynasty asserted its independence from the Achaemenid Empire, Armavir was chosen as the capital of Armenia. Slabs of clay have been found from the Achaemenid period written in the Elamite language concerning episodes of the Gilgamesh epic. Various inscriptions in Hellenistic Greek carved around the third century BC, have been found, including poetry from Hesiod, lines from Euripides, a list of Macedonian months, and names of Orontid Kings.
According to the 5th-century Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, Armavir was the first capital of the Kingdom of Armenia (although, from a geographical standpoint, the first capital of Armenia was Van). Movses' history preserves a tradition that when King Valarsace the Parthian settled in Armavir (ca. 149 BC), he built a temple there and asked prince aspet (knight) Smbat of the Bagratuni Dynasty to give up his religion and worship idols. But Smbat refused to comply. Movses also relates that when King Tigranes II (whom he places on the throne from 90 to 36 BC), in order to take revenge on Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, sent an expedition to Palestine, he carried a great number of Jews into captivity, and settled them in Armavir and in Vardges. Movses goes on to state that later Jews were transferred from Armavir to Yervandashat, and under King Artashes I, were again transferred into the new capital Artashat. When King Sapor II of Persia invaded Armenia (360–370), he led away from Artashat 30,000 Armenian and 9,000 Jewish families, the latter brought by King Tigranes from Judea, and then completely destroyed the city.
In 591 during the reign of emperor Maurice, Armavir (then called Armaouira) and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the Sassanid Persian Empire at the battle of the Blarathon.
During Antiquity, Armavir was taken by the Seleucids, Parthians, Roman Empire, Sassanids and Byzantine Empire before it was taken over by the Arabs in 645.
Medieval Armavir
Arab rule lasted until the first quarter of the ninth century. The Sajids managed this region in the 9th century. After that, the Armenian Bagratuni Dynasty returned this city under Armenian control (Bagratuni Armenia). The Byzantine Empire reconquered this region in 1045 but lost it to the Seljuk Turks in 1064, who renamed the city Sardarabad. This region was changed hands beteween Armenians, Georgians, Eldiguzids and the Khwarezmid Empire after the Seljuks' decline. The Mongols captured this region in 1239 and founded Ilkhanid state in 1256. This region came under the control of the Chupanids in 1353, the Jalayirids in 1357 and the Kara Koyunlu in 1388. Tamerlane captured this region in 1400. Qara Yusuf retook this region in 1407 from Timurid Empire. However Shah Rukh who was a Timurid ruler captured this region in 1421 and in 1429. Jahan Shah who was a Kara Koyunlu ruler captured it in 1447.
Ottoman-Persian rule
Kara Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until Uzun Hasan, ruler of Ak Koyunlu, conquered it in 1468. Ak Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until 1501, Ismail I's conquest. Ismail I was founder of Safavid dynasty. This region was temporarily occupied by Ottoman Empire in 1514, in 1534, in 1548 and in 1553. It was then conquered by Ottoman Empire in 1585 but retaken by the Safavid ruler Abbas I of Persia in 1603. Under the rule of Abbas I, the Armenians of Armavir were resettled in Persia and ancient Armavir was finally abandoned.
The settlement remained abandoned until 1613, when 7 Armenian families rebuilt a new village just 1 km east of the ancient site of Armavir.
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1635–1636 and 1724–1736. At the fall of the Safavid Empire, Armavir became part of the Erivan Khanate.
Russian rule
The Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) began due to Persian demand to reconquer the territories lost to Russia between 1804 and 1813. At first, the Persians repulsed the Russians from the South Caucasus in 1826. However, Russian general and commander of the Russian army, Ivan Paskevich, reconquered South Caucasus and extended its territories to include the Erivan Khanate in 1827.
This region formally passed from Persian to Russian sovereignty after the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828. Armavir became the Sardarabad uyezd of the Armenian Oblast, which itself became the Erivan Governorate in 1840. This situation lasted until the February Revolution in 1917.
References
Former capitals of Armenia
Populated places established in the 8th century BC
Populated places disestablished in the 17th century
Archaeological sites in Armenia
Forts in Armenia
Buildings and structures in Armavir Province
Armavir Province |
23573162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Amon%C3%ADn | Úmonín | Úmonín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Březová, Hájek, Korotice, Lomec and Lomeček are administrative parts of Úmonín.
Notable people
Lawrence of Březová (c. 1370 – c. 1437), historian and writer
Lata Brandisová (1895–1981), aristocrat and equestrian
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghalegaun | Ghalegaun | Ghalegaun () is popular scenic tourist destination with an elevation of 2,100 metres above sea level in Lamjung District. Ghalegaun is also known as Asia’s model tourism village. It lies in kwholasothar rural Municipality of Nepal. The village is situated at approximately 108 km northwest of Kathmandu and 12.5 km northeast of Pokhara, Nepal. The beautiful tourist village is surrounded by Annapurna Circuit. The SAARC Village Tourism Museum is one of the attraction of Ghalegaun which is inaugurated by Bidhya Devi Bhandari in 2017.
The site visitors are increasing day by day and the village is developed as a model touristic destinations in SAARC countries.
Attractions
Cutter
Environmental education
Family travel
Nature cruises
Photography
Singles tour
Senior tours
Religious
Homestay with cultural program
Mountains seen from Ghalegaun
Mount Machhapuchare (6693m)
Mount Annapurna (8091m)
Mount Annapurna II (7939m)
Mount Annapurna IV (7525m)
Mount Lamjung (6932m)
Mount Bouddha (6974m)
Himal Chuli (6747m)
Gallery
References
Populated places in Gandaki Province
Hill stations in Nepal |
23573165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9A%C5%BEice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Úžice (Kutná Hora District) | Úžice () is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Benátky, Čekanov, Chrastná, Františkov, Karlovice, Mělník, Nechyba, Radvanice and Smrk are administrative parts of Úžice.
In popular culture
The 1403 recreation of the village, called Uzhitz, was prominently featured in Czech role-playing game Kingdom Come: Deliverance.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vav%C5%99inec%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Vavřinec (Kutná Hora District) | Vavřinec is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Chmeliště and Žíšov are administrative parts of Vavřinec.
History
The settlement was founded together with the local church in the 14th century and was named after the patron of the original Romanesque church – Saint Lawrence.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Vidice (Kutná Hora District) | Vidice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Karlov t. Doubrava, Nová Lhota, Roztěž and Tuchotice are administrative parts of Vidice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vina%C5%99e | Vinaře | Vinaře is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Vinice is an administrative part of Vinaře.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vla%C4%8Dice | Vlačice | Vlačice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Výčapy is an administrative part of Vlačice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlast%C4%9Bjovice | Vlastějovice | Vlastějovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Březina, Budčice, Kounice, Milošovice, Pavlovice, Skala and Volavá Lhota are administrative parts of Vlastějovice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Fulignati | Andrea Fulignati | Andrea Fulignati (born 31 October 1994) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Catanzaro.
Career
Born in Empoli, and a youth product of small Tuscan team Sestese, he was scouted by Palermo and signed for the Under-19 youth team in 2012. He successively became third-choice keeper for the first time in the following years.
In 2015 he was loaned out to Serie B club Trapani to get more first-team experience, but ended up playing only three games during the season, as Nícolas became the first choice.
He successively returned to Palermo in 2016 to be the reserve of Josip Posavec for the Serie A club. He made his debut in the Italian top flight on 12 March 2017 in a home match against Roma, lost with the result of 0–3. He successively managed to break into the starting lineup for the last remaining league games, eventually overtaking Posavec as first choice and playing a total eight games throughout the entire season.
On 27 July 2018, Fulignati joined to Serie A team Empoli a 3-years contract.
After only 6-month Fulignati joined to Ascoli until 30 June 2021.
On 31 January 2019, Fulignati joined to SPAL on loan until 30 June 2019.
On 2 September 2019, he joined Perugia on loan until 30 June 2021, with Nicola Leali moved to opposite direction. On 23 February 2021, he signed a new contract with Perugia until 30 June 2024.
On 28 June 2022, Fulignati signed a two-year contract with Catanzaro.
References
External links
Palermocalcio.it
1994 births
People from Empoli
Footballers from Tuscany
Living people
Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Palermo F.C. players
Trapani Calcio players
A.C. Cesena players
Empoli F.C. players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
S.P.A.L. players
A.C. Perugia Calcio players
U.S. Catanzaro 1929 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie D players
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Florence |
23573178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlkane%C4%8D | Vlkaneč | Vlkaneč is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Kozohlody and Přibyslavice are administrative parts of Vlkaneč.
Transport
In Vlkaneč, there is a train station on the main railroad line Kolín – Havlíčkův Brod.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodranty | Vodranty | Vodranty is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Vodranty is from 1738.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhon%20Samoy | Akhon Samoy | Akhon Samoy () is a Bengali-language newspaper published from New York, United States since 2000.
History
The newspaper was founded on 1 January 2000, commemorating the 3rd millennium. Initially it was a monthly newspaper and then it was published in weekly basis from November 2000.
Kazi Shamsul Hoque is the founding editor of the newspaper.
Speciality and awards
Akhon Samoy worked for the expatriate Bangladeshi living in United States, especially, social issues, immigration issues and other community news are published objectively.
See also
List of New York City newspapers and magazines
List of newspapers in New York
References
External links
2000 establishments in New York City
Newspapers established in 2000
Bengali-language newspapers
Non-English-language newspapers published in the United States
Newspapers published in New York City
Non-English-language newspapers published in New York (state)
Bangladeshi-American culture
Indian-American culture in New York City |
44496518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykaminea%2C%20Larissa | Sykaminea, Larissa | Sykaminea (, ) is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the community of Karya of which it was a communal district. The 2011 census recorded 94 inhabitants in the village. The community of Sykaminea covers an area of 47.254 km2.
Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Sykaminea was 94 people, a decrease of almost 34% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.
See also
List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit
References
Populated places in Larissa (regional unit) |
23573184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrdy | Vrdy | Vrdy is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,000 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Dolní Bučice, Horní Bučice and Zbyslav are administrative parts of Vrdy.
Notable people
Karel Petr (1868–1950), mathematician
Jiří Hanke (1924–2006), football player and manager
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20warszewicziana | Stanhopea warszewicziana | Stanhopea warszewicziana is a species of orchid found from Costa Rica to western Panama.
References
External links
warszewicziana
Orchids of Costa Rica
Orchids of Panama
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch |
23573186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1bo%C5%99%C3%AD%20nad%20Labem | Záboří nad Labem | Záboří nad Labem is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Habrkovice is an administrative part of Záboří nad Labem.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbizuby | Zbizuby | Zbizuby is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Hroznice, Koblasko, Makolusky, Nechyba, Vestec, Vlková and Vranice are administrative parts of Zbizuby.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbraslavice | Zbraslavice | Zbraslavice () is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Borová, Chotěměřice t. Pančava, Hodkov, Kateřinky, Krasoňovice, Lipina, Malá Skalice, Ostrov, Radvančice, Rápošov, Útěšenovice and Velká Skalice are administrative parts of Zbraslavice.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zb%C3%BD%C5%A1ov | Zbýšov | Zbýšov is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,700 inhabitants.
Geography
Zbýšov is located about west of Brno. It lies on the border between the Křižanov Highlands and the Boskovice Furrow.
History
The first written mention of Zbýšov is from 1280.
Notable people
Ivan Honl (1866–1936), bacteriologist and serologist
References
External links
Populated places in Brno-Country District
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic |
44496522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hill%20%28surgeon%29 | James Hill (surgeon) | James Hill (30 October 1703 – 18 October 1776) was a Scottish surgeon working in Dumfries who advocated curative excision for cancer rather than the palliative approach adopted by many leading surgeons of the day. By follow-up of his patients over years he demonstrated that his radical approach resulted in better outcomes than those published by contemporaries. His experience in diagnosing and treating intracranial bleeding after head injury by directed trephine resulted in the best results published in the 18th century and represent an important landmark in the management of post-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage.
Early life
James Hill was the son of Rev James Hill (1676-1743), minister of the parish church of Kirkpatrick Durham in Kirkcudbrightshire, and his wife Agnes Muirhead (1678-1742), daughter of a Dumfries merchant. James Hill was born in the village of Kirkliston, West Lothian on 30 October 1703. On 17 May 1723 he was apprenticed to the Edinburgh surgeon, physician and philosopher George Young (1692-1757), from whom he learned the value of careful observation and scepticism in medicine. It is known from Hill's later writing that Young was a powerfully influential figure to his young apprentice during the latter's formative professional years.
Hill, like many Edinburgh surgical apprentices attended lectures at Surgeons’ Hall but like the majority of apprentices of the period did not proceed to a surgical diploma or a medical degree in the newly established University of Edinburgh Medical School. During Hill's apprenticeship there was no teaching hospital in Edinburgh. He later wrote "There was no infirmary in Edinburgh when I served my apprenticeship there, so that I never had an opportunity of seeing a cancerous breast extirpated or any other capital operation performed till I performed them myself." The first teaching hospital (the "Little House") opened opposite the head of Robertson's Close on 6 July 1729.
Hill joined the Royal Navy as a surgeon in 1730. At this time naval surgeons were certified for the purpose after an examination by the Court of Examiners of the London Company of Barbers and Surgeons and many naval surgeons of the day had no other formal qualifications.
Surgical practice in Dumfries
In 1732 Hill returned to Dumfries where he set up in surgical practice. On 28 January 1733 he married Anne McCartney, whose father John owned the Blacket (or Blaiket) estate, in the Parish of Urr and it was there that they established the family home. His practice was conducted from his town house in Amisfield's Lodging in the Fleshmarket, in Dumfries. There is no known portrait of James Hill but Murray provides this description: "... his height being about five feet eleven inches. He continued till his death to prefer that fashion of dress that had prevailed in his youth. He wore a full wig ; and used a large staff. He was a man of dignity both of appearance and manners."
Between 1742 and 1775, Hill trained sixteen surgical apprentices. Of these one, Benjamin Bell (1749-1806) was to achieve international fame largely through the success of his best selling textbook A System of Surgery first published in 1783.
Hill’s early writing
Hill a number of articles for the medical journal Medical Essays and Observations which had been launched in 1733 by the Society for the Improvement of Medical Knowledge, which would eventually become the Royal Society of Edinburgh. This was one of the earliest regular medical journals and it provided a vehicle for case reports and other types of article.
Hill's articles give an insight into the range of conditions with which he dealt as a surgeon-apothecary, and his understanding of their causes and treatment. He contributed a case report about a patient who was temporarily ‘cured’ of syphilis by a ‘mercurial suffumigation’. After various therapies including laudanum, tonics, claret and Dr Plummer's pills were unsuccessful, he resorted to mercury, a recognised treatment for syphilis and fumes were thought to be the fastest mode of delivery. The symptoms eventually and she survived for more than a year. This report demonstrates that surgeons in Scotland at this time truly acted as surgeon-apothecaries.
His report on two cases of hydatid disease describes one patient discharging hydatid cysts via a chronic cutaneous fistula from the liver and the other discharging cysts in the sputum. Both recovered without active treatment. Although able to diagnose hydatid disease he thought the condition arose because ‘some people have hydatic constitutions.’
Cases in Surgery
In 1772 Hill published Cases in Surgery a summary of his life's work as a surgeon. Cases deals with the infectious disease sibbens, with cancers and with ‘disorders of the head from external violence’.
Sibbens
Sibbens is now known to be endemic syphilis, a Treponemal infection spread by non-sexual social contact and seen in association with deprivation, especially overcrowded living conditions, poor sanitation and malnutrition. Hill's account is written ‘to rectify the mistakes’ in the MD thesis on the topic submitted to the University of Edinburgh on the topic by Adam Freer in 1767. Hill concluded that syphilis and sibbens were the same disease and that sibbens, having been introduced into a family by sexual means, could then be transmitted around the family by close non-sexual contacts, giving his own family as an example of this mode of transmission. His apprentice Benjamin Bell, who was the first to show that syphilis and gonorrhoea were different diseases, also subscribed to this mode of transmission. Hill, like Freer before him and Bell after him, believed that the most successful treatment was mercury, supplemented on occasion by Peruvian bark. Hill was clear that sibbens and what he termed West Indian yaws were distinct diseases.
Subsequent writers credited Hill and his physician colleague and friend Dr Ebenezer Gilchrist (bap1708-1774) with providing the most precise description of the clinical features and natural history of the disease in Scotland. Hill and Gilchrist also appreciated that the condition could be prevented by improving personal hygiene and avoiding contact with sufferers, and both men advocated these and similar preventive measures.
Cancers
Hill's views on cancer treatment were that cancers should be radically excised aiming for cure, an approach in contrast to the mainstream view of leading European surgeons such as Alexander Monro primus, Samuel Sharp (c1709– 1778) and Henri François Le Dran (1685–1770) that cancers should only be minimally excised to relieve symptoms. He was able to review the outcome of surgery in 88 patients, 86 of whom recovered from the procedure and 77 of these enjoyed a normal expectation of life ‘according to the bills of mortality.’ These outcomes were much superior to the documented results of, for example, Alexander Monro primus. The cancers concerned were mainly skin cancers and a few breast cancers and Hill acknowledges the difficulty in dierentiating some cancers from benign lesions in the era before histological examination. He concludes that his results justify his recommendation that tumours, including ‘the most trifling,’ should be ‘cut entirely out.’
Head injuries
It is Hill's chapter entitled ‘Disorders of the head from external violence’ that marks him out as a careful clinician and an innovative surgeon able to achieve remarkable outcomes by the standards of the day.
Hill recorded 18 cases of head injury which he had treated over 40 years. The cause of the injury, the clinical features, his treatment and the outcome in each case are all recorded in detail. Head injuries, he asserts, have been treated in ‘a much more rational manner’ in the previous 15 years as a result of discoveries and ‘valuable publications’ over that period. He describes the rationale for his treatment and how this changed over time as his knowledge and understanding of the problems progressively increased. He gives ‘a historical view of the gradual progress of the improvements made by others as well as by myself.’
His first patient, a five-year-old boy, sustained a depressed frontal fracture associated with an epidural haematoma (EDH). When the fracture was elevated and the haematoma drained by trepanning the skull, the boy ‘immediately recovered his senses’ but after some days the ‘stupor’ returned, indicating that 'some matter was lodged under the meninges’. Hill made a cruciate incision in the meninges to drain the haematoma with beneficial effect. Ganz regarded this as the first ever description of a lucid interval associated with a subdural haematoma.
This case also demonstrates Hill's understanding of the clinical features of cerebral compression: ‘The smallest compression brought on a stupor, a low intermittent pulse, nausea, vomiting and sometimes convulsive twitches.’ From case 3 onwards he avoided dressings which compressed the trepanned area.
In case 3 he again relieved the features of cerebral compression by a trepan with drainage of an EDH. In case 5 drainage of a large EDH resulted in restoration of consciousness and resolution of a right sided weakness. His account of this case also shows that he appreciated the concept that paralysis on one side of the body indicated compression on the opposite side of the brain. This patient, who crucially did not have a fracture, demonstrates Hill's appreciation that it was injury to the brain that caused symptoms rather than the fracture itself. Percival Pott (1714–1788) by contrast would only operate if a fracture were present.
Hill's understanding of concepts of cerebral compression is demonstrated further by his use of the word ‘compression’ and by his recording of cerebral pulsation or tension in all but one of the operations described. Both of his patients who exhibited poor or absent cerebral pulsation had sustained primary cerebral damage and both died. Hill more than any other eighteenth century writer appreciated the importance of cerebral pulsation as an indicator of cerebral health.
Further evidence of his understanding of the need to decompress where possible is shown by his use of the technique of relieving pressure by shaving off cerebral hernias caused by raised intracranial pressure, a technique he learned from the writing of Henri Francois Le Dran (1685–1770).
Hill's outcomes in treating patients with head injury compares favourably with those of his contemporaries with a mortality rate of 25%, much lower than that of le Dran (57%) or Percival Pott (51%). This was the result of Hill's appreciation of the concept of cerebral compression and his better understanding of the indication for and location of the trephine. Hill's work was recognised and was cited by the influential Edinburgh physician John Abercrombie(1780–1844), the Edinburgh surgeon John Bell (1763–1820)) and the London surgeon John Abernethy (1764–1831)
Hill’s legacy
James Hill died on 18 October 1776 and is buried in St Michael's churchyard in Dumfries. He advanced the understanding of the treatment of head injury by showing that epidural and subdural haematoma could be recognised from clinical features and successfully treated by trepan and surgical drainage to relieve compression. He appreciated the importance of cerebral compression and the significance of unilateral limb weakness in lateralising intracranial bleeding and determining on which side to operate. This work represented a significant advance in our understanding of the nature of brain injury following trauma and how it should be treated.
Further reading
References
1703 births
1776 deaths
People from Dumfries
18th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish surgeons
Scottish medical writers
Enlightenment scientists
Royal Navy Medical Service officers |
23573197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C3%A1ky | Žáky | Žáky () is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Štrampouch is an administrative part of Žáky.
Notable people
Alexander Dreyschock (1818–1869), pianist and composer
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%A9%20Podol%C3%AD | Bílé Podolí | Bílé Podolí is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Lovčice and Zaříčany are administrative parts of Bílé Podolí.
References
Populated places in Kutná Hora District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
23573205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1cov | Kácov | Kácov () is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants. It lies on the Sázava River.
Administrative parts
Villages of Račíněves, Zderadinky, Zderadiny and Zliv are administrative parts of Kácov.
Sights
Kácov is known for the Kácov Castle. After a former keep from the 15th century was ruined in 1627, in 1635 it was rebuilt to a castle. In 1727–1733, it was rebuilt to the Baroque style.
References
Populated places in Kutná Hora District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
23573210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20xytriophora | Stanhopea xytriophora | Stanhopea xytriophora is a species of orchid found from southern Peru to Bolivia.
References
External links
xytriophora
Orchids of Bolivia
Orchids of Peru |
23573226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kybeyan%20River | Kybeyan River | The Kybeyan River, a watercourse that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia.
The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Greenland Swamp, and flows generally north and north-west, joined by three tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Numeralla River, near Warrens Corner; descending over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin |
20465254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Korea%20national%20football%20team%20results%20%281980%E2%80%931989%29 | South Korea national football team results (1980–1989) | This is a list of football games played by the South Korea national football team between 1980 and 1989.
Results by year
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Year
! width="30" |GP
! width="30" |W
! width="30" |D
! width="30" |L
! width="30" |Win %
|-
|1980
|-
|1981
|-
|1982
|-
|1983
|-
|1984
|-
|1985
|-
|1986
|-
|1987
|-
|1988
|-
|1989
|-
!Total
|}
List of matches
1980
Source:
1981
Source:
1982
Source:
1983
Source:
1984
Source:
1985
Source:
1986
Source:
1987
Source:
1988
Source:
1989
Source:
See also
South Korea national football team results
South Korea national football team
References
External links
Results at KFA
1980s in South Korean sport
1980 |
23573230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C14H10O3 | C14H10O3 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C14H10O3}}
The molecular formula C14H10O3 (molar mass: 226.23 g/mol, exact mass: 226.0630 u) may refer to:
Benzoic anhydride
Dithranol, or anthralin
Hydroxyanthraquinone |
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