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4034310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong%20Se-hyun | Jeong Se-hyun | Jeong Se-hyun (Korean: 정세현; Hanja: 丁世鉉; born 7 May 1945) is a South Korean politician served as an Unification Minister under two consecutive presidents from 2002 to 2004.
He spent more than two decades at the Ministry of Unification which he first joined as a researcher on communist countries at then-Board of National Unification in 1977. In 2002 he was appointed as the head of the Ministry and assumed the post until June 2004 serving two consecutive Presidents, Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun. He was also credited with boosting inter-Korean cooperative projects including Kaesong Industrial Region, a landmark site of Inter-Korean cooperation.
In 2019 Jeong was appointed the Executive Vice-Chair of National Unification Advisory Council led by the President Moon Jae-in, the third president Jeong serves and third liberal president of the country. He was credited with helping to create the predecessor of the Council, Presidential Advisory Council on Peaceful Unification Policy, back in 1981.
He also worked at Korean think tanks - now-Sejong Institute and Korea Institute for National Unification - as their ranking member. In addition, he was the visiting scholar to Kyung Hee University and Myongji University as well as the Endowed-Chair Professor of Ewha Womans University and Kyungnam University.
Moreover, he previously served as the 11th President of Wonkwang University and the 6th President of Korean Council for Reconciliation and Cooperation, one of South Korean NGOs that most actively engage with North Korea. He currently chairs Korea Peace Forum.
He holds three degrees from Seoul National University: bachelor in political science and diplomacy and master and doctorate in international relations. He focused his postgraduate studies on Chinese studies earning master for analysing Han Fei, a Chinese philosopher, and doctorate for Mao Zedong's foreign policy.
Honours
Order of Service Merit by the government of South Korea (2002)
References
Seoul National University alumni
1945 births
Living people
Government ministers of South Korea
Aphae Jeong clan
Experts on North Korea
People from Imsil County
Kyung Hee University faculty
Myongji University faculty
Ewha Womans University faculty
Kyunggi High School alumni |
4034315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire%20on%20Titus | Vampire on Titus | Vampire on Titus is the sixth studio album by American indie rock band Guided by Voices.
Background
Vampire on Titus was recorded after a short-lived dissolution of the band (after 1992's "farewell" album Propeller) but prior to the full-time regrouping that occurred with the assemblage of the Bee Thousand album and the band's return to live performance. The album was recorded with a skeletal line-up consisting of Robert Pollard, Jim Pollard and Tobin Sprout. Jim Shepard of V-3 remarked to Pollard once that he “was like a vampire on Titus, sucking songs out of the earth.” Pollard lived on Titus Ave. in Dayton, Ohio. The album is often acknowledged as being the most abrasively lo-fi in the entire Guided by Voices catalog.
Track listing
All songs written by Robert Pollard unless otherwise noted.
Side A
""Wished I Was a Giant"" – 2:43
"#2 in the Model Home Series" (R. Pollard, Tobin Sprout) – 1:45
"Expecting Brainchild" (Jim Pollard, R. Pollard) – 2:30
"Superior Sector Janitor X" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:37
"Donkey School" (Sprout) – 1:03
"Dusted" – 2:08
"Marchers in Orange" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard) – 1:24
"Sot" (Sprout, R. Pollard) – 2:35
"World of Fun" – 0:55
Side B
"Jar of Cardinals" – 1:22
"Unstable Journey" – 2:15
"E-5" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 1:29
"Cool Off Kid Kilowatt" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:56
"Gleemer (The Deeds of Fertile Jim)" (Sprout) – 2:24
"Wondering Boy Poet" (R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:59
"What About It?" – 1:37
"Perhaps Now the Vultures" – 2:23
"Non-Absorbing" – 1:37
Personnel
Guided by Voices
Robert Pollard – vocals, guitar, drums
Jim Pollard – guitar
Tobin Sprout – vocals, guitar, bass
Technical
Bruce Greenwald – photography
John Mandeville – cover artwork
References
1993 albums
Guided by Voices albums
Scat Records albums |
4034318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmington%20%28Louisville%2C%20Kentucky%29 | Farmington (Louisville, Kentucky) | Farmington, an historic site in Louisville, Kentucky, was once the center of a hemp plantation owned by John and Lucy Speed. The 14-room, Federal-style brick plantation house was possibly based on a design by Thomas Jefferson and has several Jeffersonian architectural features. As many as 64 African Americans were enslaved by the Speed family at Farmington.
History
The Farmington site was part of a military land grant given to Captain James Speed in 1780. His son, John Speed, completed Farmington on a tract of land in 1816. Built in the Federal architectural style, the house is based on plans by Thomas Jefferson, which are now in the Coolidge Collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Speed built the house for his wife, Lucy Gilmer Fry, daughter of Joshua Fry and granddaughter of Dr. Thomas Walker, the guardian of Thomas Jefferson. Her aunt and uncle's home in Charlottesville, Virginia was called Farmington and had an addition designed by Thomas Jefferson.
Their son, Joshua Fry Speed, was an intimate, lifelong friend of Abraham Lincoln. While courting Mary Todd, Lincoln spent three weeks at Farmington in 1841 while recovering from mental and physical exhaustion. It was during this visit to Farmington in 1841 that Abraham Lincoln witnessed slavery on a plantation first-hand and he saw enslaved people chained together after he boarded a steamboat at the Louisville waterfront. In an 1855 letter to Joshua Speed, Lincoln wrote that the scene had continued to torment him.
John and Lucy's son, James Speed, was appointed Attorney General of the United States by Lincoln in 1863.
Design
Farmington consists of a single story above a raised basement. The building is roughly a square shape, measuring wide by long. There are 14 rooms of living quarters on the first floor, with servant's and children's rooms on the basement floor. The first story is about five feet above ground level, with the basement windows completely above ground. All rooms in the basement are finished.
A simplified classical cornice under the hipped roof helps give the house its pleasing, proportional appearance. The front entrance is a tetrastyle portico (porch) with slender Doric columns, reached by 11 steps. The porch's gable features a semi-circular ventilation window.
The front door opens into a central hall which has a door at the back leading to a rear hall. These two halls give access to all rooms on the first floor, as well as stairs to the basement and attic. The stairs are hidden, which is a common feature of homes designed by Jefferson.
A notable feature of the first floor are two wide octagonal rooms, another distinctive feature of Jeffersonian architecture. One of the octagonal rooms is a dining hall, the other is a parlor. Other rooms on the first floor are two bedrooms, a study and a family sitting room.
Preservation
Farmington has been restored as a tourist attraction and a re-creation of a 19th-century plantation. The house itself had been altered little at the time it was purchased by the Historic Homes Foundation for preservation in 1958. The only substantial change in its interior or exterior appearance since construction was the installation of a tin roof in place of the original wood shingles, which was done for fire safety reasons.
As of 2011, Farmington and a small visitors center are open to the public for tours and the site is available for special events and rentals.
In 2012, Farmington's owner, Historic Homes Foundation, Inc., entered into an agreement to sell 5 of the landmark's 18 acres to an adjoining landowner, Sullivan University, for use as a 300-space parking lot to be shared by both entities. Controversial questions about the proposal were raised in online media leading up to its consideration in the February 3, 2013 meeting of the Metro Louisville Landmarks Commission's Individual Landmarks Architectural Review Committee.
See also
Historic Locust Grove
History of Louisville, Kentucky
History of slavery in Kentucky
List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
Louisville in the American Civil War
Riverside, The Farnsley-Moremen Landing
References
Further reading
External links
Farmington official web site
"Joshua and James Speed" — Article by Civil War historian/author Bryan S. Bush
Google Satellite Map
Houses completed in 1816
19th-century buildings and structures in Louisville, Kentucky
Houses in Louisville, Kentucky
Museums in Louisville, Kentucky
Tourist attractions in Louisville, Kentucky
Local landmarks in Louisville, Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Louisville, Kentucky
Historic house museums in Kentucky
Plantation houses in Kentucky
Plantations in Kentucky
Federal architecture in Massachusetts
1816 establishments in Kentucky |
4034320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting%205-4-3-2-1 | Counting 5-4-3-2-1 | "Counting 5-4-3-2-1" is a song by American post-hardcore band Thursday, the first single from their fourth album, A City by the Light Divided. "Counting 1-2-3-4-5" was released to radio on April 11, 2006.
The song was originally written during the Full Collapse-era, but was re-arranged in a new key and was deemed suitable to be recorded.
Keyboardist Andrew Everding commented on the song's meaning and corresponding music video: "[Counting 5-4-3-2-1] specifically comes from not being happy in the town that you grew up in and wanting to get out as quickly as possible. When we do videos, we send out a call and receive treatments and that one was one of the first ones that we got from Artificial Army. We were originally going to do two videos…a low-budget animated video and then we were going to do another video to connect it, but then we started seeing what the animation was about. We usually go back and forth with ideas. But for the most part, we trust the director. It was our first storyline video but there are some performance elements to it."
Personnel
Geoff Rickly - vocals
Tom Keeley - lead guitar, vocals
Steve Pedulla - rhythm guitar, vocals
Tim Payne - bass guitar
Tucker Rule - drums
Andrew Everding - keyboards, synthesizers
References
2006 singles
Thursday (band) songs
2006 songs
Island Records singles |
4034321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%20Karere | Te Karere | Te Karere is a news and current affairs show that was New Zealand's first Māori language television programme. Te Karere is broadcast on Television New Zealand's TVNZ 1 at 3:55 pm on weekdays and repeated 1:05 am and 5:35 am the following day. The focus of the programme is content which is of national significance to the targeted Māori audience.
The programme is funded in its entirety by Te Māngai Pāho.
History
Te Karere first went to air during Māori Language Week, with a two minute bulletin celebrating the week in 1982. The original presenters and producers were Derek Fox and Whai Ngata.
The following year, Te Karere got a regular slot of four minutes. With a modest, shoestring budget, Fox and Ngata produced a professional news show. The show was originally broadcast on TV2, but as that channel had poor coverage on the East Coast, with its large Māori population, Te Karere was moved to TV1.
The show later expanded to 15, and then to 30 minutes in 2009.
Reporters
The award-winning Māori broadcaster Tini Molyneux began her broadcasting career on Te Karere in the 1980s.
Harata Brown (Reporter, Northland)
Oriini Kaipara (Reporter, 2013-2016)
Te Rina Kowhai (Reporter, 2018-2022)
Te Okiwa Mclean (Reporter, Wellington)
Moana Makapelu Lee (Reporter, Rotorua - Bay of Plenty)
Scotty Morrison (News Anchor, 2003-)
Rapaera Tawhai (Reporter, Tauranga - Bay of Plenty)
Aroha Treacher (Reporter, Hawke's Bay)
Victor Waters (Reporter, Sports)
Producers
Roihana Nuri (Executive Producer)
Paora Maxwell (Executive Producer, 2008-2013)
Arana Taumata (Executive Producer)
Shane Taurima (Executive Producer, 2006-2012)
References
External links
Te Karere's TVNZ Website
Te Karere's IMDB Site
Māori culture
Māori language
New Zealand television news shows
1982 New Zealand television series debuts
1980s New Zealand television series
1990s New Zealand television series
2000s New Zealand television series
2010s New Zealand television series
2020s New Zealand television series
TVNZ 1 original programming
Television shows funded by NZ on Air
Māori-language mass media |
4034337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchang%20CJ-6 | Nanchang CJ-6 | The Nanchang CJ-6 () is a Chinese basic trainer aircraft designed and built by the Nanchang Aircraft Factory (now Hongdu Aviation) for use by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).
Development
The CJ-6 (Chu Jiao 初教 = Chuji Jiaolianji 初级教练机 = basic trainer aircraft) is an all-original Chinese design that is commonly mistaken for a Yak-18A. Its predecessor, the Nanchang CJ-5, was a licence-built version of the Yak-18. However, advancements in pilot training brought a need for a new aircraft with improved performance and a tricycle landing gear. When the Soviet Union developed the Yak-18A, PLAAF engineers decided that its performance and design would not suit China's needs.
The aircraft was designed in 1958 by the Nanchang Aircraft Factory (now Hongdu Aviation). As the Shenyang Aircraft Factory already had experience building the Shenyang JJ-1 begun technical research for the CJ-6, more than 20 Shenyang designers were transferred to Nanchang, including chief designers Tu Jida and Lin Jiahua. Xu Shunshou and Huang Zhiqian, then China's top aircraft designers, were also involved.
During late 1957 Aeronautical Engineers Cheng Bushi and Lin Jiahua began work in Shenyang on a trainer design that addressed the shortcomings of the Yak-18A. The design they delivered featured an aluminum semi-monocoque fuselage, flush-riveted throughout, and introduced a modified Clark airfoil wing design with pronounced dihedral in the outer sections. The dihedral and an angular vertical tail distinguish it externally from the otherwise vaguely similar Yak-18A. Wind tunnel testing validated the design, and in May 1958 the program was transferred to the Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing factory where Chief Engineer Gao Zhenning initiated production of the CJ-6. The first flight of the CJ-6 was completed on August 27, 1958, by Lu Maofan and He Yinxi.
Power for the prototype was provided by a Czech-built horizontally-opposed piston engine, but flight testing revealed the need for more power, so a locally manufactured version of the Soviet AI-14P 260 hp radial, the Housai HS-6, was substituted along with a matching propeller, and with that change the CJ-6 was approved for mass production. In 1965 the HS-6 engine was upgraded to 285 hp and redesignated the HS-6A, and the aircraft equipped with the new power plant were designated the CJ-6A.
A total production run estimated at more than 3,000 aircraft supplied CJ-6 aircraft for PLAAF training, as well as for export (as the PT-6) to countries including Albania, Bangladesh, Cambodia, North Korea, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka.
It is expected Hongdu/Yakovlev joint developed CJ-7 Trainer (L-7) primary trainer will replace CJ-6s in PLAAF.
General information
One thing to note is that the Nanchang CJ-6 makes extensive use of pneumatics to control the gear and flap extension/retraction, operate the brakes and start the engine. An engine-driven air pump recharges the system; however if air pressure is too low to start the engine then the onboard air tank can be recharged by an external source. If an external source is not available then the engine can be started by hand swinging the propeller.
Variants
Hongzhuan-502 (Hongzhuan - Red Craftsman)
Initial designation of production CJ-6 aircraft.
CJ-6
Two-seat primary trainer aircraft, powered by a 260-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6 radial piston engine.
CJ-6A
Improved version, powered by a 285-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6A radial piston engine.
CJ-6B
Two-seat armed border patrol aircraft, powered by a 300-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6D radial piston engine. Small number built.
BT-6
Export designation of the CJ-6 and CJ-6A.
PT-6A
Export version of the CJ-6A
Haiyan A (Haiyan - Petrel)
Haiyan Prototype. First flew on August 17, 1985.
Haiyan B
Single-seat agricultural topdressing, aerial spraying, fire-fighting aircraft, fitted with an upgraded 345-hp Huosai HS-6 radial piston engine.
Haiyan C
General aviation variant for agriculture and leisure flight.
Operators
Albanian Air Force
Bangladesh Air Force: ≤ 24 PT-6 in service.
Khmer Air Force
Ecuadorian Army Aviation
People's Liberation Army Air Force
People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force
Korean People's Army Air Force
Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force
Sri Lanka Air Force
Tanzania Air Force Command
Zambian Air Force
Civilian use
Due to its low price and sturdy construction, the CJ-6A is a popular hobby plane. A used CJ-6 in the United States can cost as little as $75,000. The aircraft appears on the civil register of the US, Australia, New Zealand, UK, South Africa and other countries.
In Australia, CJ-6 aircraft are generally operated in the Limited Category. This is administered by the Australian Warbirds Association Limited (AWAL). The AWAL operates under an approval from the Australian government's Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) to manage the operation of ex-military aircraft.
Accidents and incidents
A Sri Lanka Air Force PT-6 aircraft which took off from China Bay, Trincomalee crashed near Kantale, Sri Lanka on 15 December 2020 killing trainee pilot on board.
A privately owned CJ6A was involved in a July 5, 2021 collision with a lawn maintenance machine while attempting a landing ( https://halifax.citynews.ca/national-news/tsb-says-quebec-pilot-in-fatal-collision-with-lawn-tractor-didnt-get-ok-for-landing-5148003) killing the operator of the lawn machine and damaging the aircraft. The pilot was uninjured.
Specifications (CJ-6A)
References
External links
Warbird Alley: CJ-6 page
CJ-6 photos and development review, Chinese language
Warbird Registry: Nanchang CJ-5/CJ-6 Registry
1950s Chinese military trainer aircraft
Nanchang aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958 |
4034361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Museum | Space Museum | Space Museum may refer to:
Hong Kong Space Museum
National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C., United States
Planetarium, a place for exhibiting images of astronomical phenomena
The Space Museum, a serial of the British television program Doctor Who
Space Museum, a DC Comics science-fiction series
Space Museum (album), by Solid Space |
4034368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Navy%20Memorial | United States Navy Memorial | The United States Navy Memorial is a memorial in Washington, D.C. honoring those who have served or are currently serving in the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Merchant Marine.
It lies on Pennsylvania Avenue NW between 7th Street Northwest and 9th Street Northwest, adjacent to the Archives station of the Washington Metro and the National Archives building. The National Park Service, through its National Mall and Memorial Parks administrative unit, provides technical and maintenance assistance to the foundation. The plaza is part of Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site.
Associated with the memorial is the Naval Heritage Center, which offers spaces available for rent, and is open year-round.
History
In the early days of U.S. independence, architect Pierre L'Enfant envisioned a memorial in the nation's capital "to celebrate the first rise of the Navy and consecrate its progress and achievements."
Pennsylvania Avenue, the boulevard that links the U.S. Capitol and White House, was chosen as the site for a memorial to all of the U.S. sea services.
After President John F. Kennedy—himself a World War II Navy war hero—inspired the redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue, another, Admiral Arleigh Burke, proclaimed in 1977 that "we have talked long enough about a navy memorial and it's time we did something about it."
In the spring of 1977, Burke—a former three-term Chief of Naval Operations—started to recruit a group to form the private, non-profit U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation. The following year, the foundation, led by Rear Admiral William Thompson, USN (Ret.), began work on the enabling legislation, design, site selection, and fund raising that would lead to the construction and subsequent of a memorial.
Congress authorized the memorial in 1980, with the stipulation that funding come solely from private contributions. In March 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed the act into law.
The foundation teamed up with the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation to use Market Square as the site for the memorial. The pair selected William Conklin and James Rossant of New York as architects.
By December 1985, the foundation had raised enough funds to earn a go-ahead from the Secretary of the Interior and construction got underway the following month.
By August 1987, Stanley Bleifeld completed work on The Lone Sailor statue as construction of the memorial neared completion at the site. The memorial was dedicated on October 13, 1987.
From late 1987 to mid-1990, two buildings were constructed on the memorial's northern perimeter. The eastern of the two buildings was selected for the memorial's visitor center. The building's shell was sufficiently completed by September 1989 to allow construction to begin for the interior of the Visitors Center. The visitor center opened in June 1991 and was formally dedicated on October 12, 1991. Some $18-million was raised by opening day of the visitor center, and fund raising continues today, to retire remaining construction debt and support educational programs undertaken by the foundation.
During the summer of 2006, the water in the fountains of the Navy Memorial was colored blue due by chemicals added to fight algae growth. According to a spokesperson for the memorial, the algae has been surprisingly difficult to eliminate, and that they "figured it was better to have blue water than to have an algae-encrusted memorial." The blue water was gone by the end of the summer.
Memorial Plaza features The Lone Sailor, a statue by Stanly Bleifield and tribute to all personnel of the sea services overlooking the Granite Sea, a map depicting the world's oceans, using an azimuthal projection centered on Washington, DC. Surrounding these are two fountains honoring the personnel of the American Navy and the other navies of the world. Its southern hemisphere is surrounded by 26 bronze high reliefs commemorating events, personnel, and communities of the various sea services.
Adjacent to the Memorial Plaza is the United States Navy Memorial Visitor Center, which features the Arleigh & Roberta Burke Theater, several rotating exhibits about the sea services, and several Navy Log kiosks, for easy registration on the Navy Log. The Visitor Center also features daily screenings of the films At Sea and A Day in the Life of the Blue Angels. The Media Resource Center provides a library of printed, audio and video historical documents on the Navy. The Navy Log room has touch-screen kiosks to register and search for Sea Service members and veterans.
From June 2018 through June 2020, the Visitor Center featured two exhibits: The American Sailor: Agile, Capable, and Talented, and Zumwalt: The Current that Brought the Navy to the Shores of the 20th Century. The American Sailor tells the story of the birth of the United States Navy, and explores how individuals have defended the country at sea and provided U.S. military services wherever the seas extend over time. Zumwalt exhibits oral histories, personal keepsakes, family artifacts and first-hand written accounts of Zumwalt’ s life as CNO, leader, father, husband, and true American that propelled the Navy into the 20th century.Memorial quotes
On an outdoor wall at the Navy Memorial are engraved noteworthy sayings from the history of the US Navy, and who said them. Among which are:
"I have not yet begun to fight!" – Captain John Paul Jones – 1779
"Don't give up the ship!" – Captain James Lawrence – 1813
"We have met the enemy and they are ours." – Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry – 1813
"Damn the torpedoes, full steam ahead." – Admiral David Farragut – 1864
"You may fire when you are ready, Gridley." – Commodore George Dewey – 1898
"Speak softly and carry a big stick." – President Theodore Roosevelt – 1907
"Sighted sub, sank same" – Aviation Machinist's Mate 1/c Donald Francis Mason – 1942
"Underway on nuclear power." – Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson – January 17, 1955
"That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind" – Astronaut and Naval Aviator Neil Armstrong – July 20, 1969
"I can imagine no more rewarding a career. And any man who may be asked in this century what he did to make his life worthwhile, I think can respond with a good deal of pride and satisfaction: 'I served in the United States Navy.'" President John F. Kennedy, 1 August 1963, at Bancroft Hall at the US Naval Academy
Other Navy memorials
Navy-Merchant Marine Memorial
Peace Monument (Naval Monument)
John Ericsson National Memorial
John Paul Jones Memorial
National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial
Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial
Various buildings and memorials on the campus of the U.S. Naval Academy
USS Arizona Memorial (BB-39)
USS Bennington Monument
USS Indianapolis National Memorial
USS Maine memorials
USS South Dakota (BB-57)
USS Utah Memorial (BB-31)
Battleship Missouri Memorial – USS Missouri (BB-63)
Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial – USS New Jersey'' (BB-62)
U.S. submarines designated as memorials
World War II Submarine Torpedo monument
UDT-SEAL Memorial
Seabees Memorial
Various memorials for Lt. Vincent R. Capodanno
Lt. Hans Grauert Memorial Field
Ensign C. Markland Kelly Jr. Award
Lt. Donald McLaughlin Jr. Award
YF-415 Memorial, Hingham, Massachusetts
See also
List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6
United States Marine Corps War Memorial
Michigan Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument
U.S. Navy Museum
American War Memorials
References
External links
United States Navy Memorial official website
National Mall & Memorial Parks
Complete photos of the Navy Memorial. Sites of Memory website
U.S. Navy Memorial. James Rossant website
Monuments and memorials in Washington, D.C.
Mem
Navy Mem
Navy Mem
Navy Mem
Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.
1987 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Buildings and structures completed in 1987
Naval monuments and memorials
Penn Quarter
Fountains in Washington, D.C. |
4034374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace%20Rupert%20Turnbull | Wallace Rupert Turnbull | Wallace Rupert Turnbull (October 16, 1870 – November 24, 1954) was a Canadian engineer and inventor. The Saint John Airport was briefly named after him. He was inducted in Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame in 1977.
Biography
Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, W. Rupert Turnbull graduated in mechanical engineering from Cornell University in 1893 and undertook postgraduate work in physics at the Universities of Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany. In 1902 he built the first wind tunnel in Canada. During the next decade, he continued researching the stability of aircraft and investigated many forms of airfoils. During World War I Turnbull was employed by Frederick and Company aircraft builders in England, where he designed a number of propellers, the most successful being his invention of the variable-pitch propeller which was first tested in 1927. His interests extended into many fields, such as hydroplane torpedo screen bomb sights, and tidal power, but his systematic approach to aeronautical engineering remains his greatest contribution.
See also
Frank W. Caldwell
References
External links
1870 births
1954 deaths
Aviation history of Canada
People from Saint John, New Brunswick
Canadian aviators
Canadian inventors
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) |
4034382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadori%27s%20pheasant | Salvadori's pheasant | Salvadori's pheasant (Lophura inornata) is a landfowl bird of genus Lophura, native to Indonesia. It is found in the mountain rainforests of Sumatra. Thus it is also known as the Sumatran pheasant. The Hoogerwerf's pheasant is usually thought to be a subspecies. This bird was first described in 1879 by the Italian ornithologist Tommaso Salvadori. The species name inornata means "without ornament".
This species is classified as "near threatened" by the IUCN because of the reduction in its population size caused by the destruction of its habitat and hunting.
Description
The male and female Salvadori's pheasant are quite unlike each other in appearance, and in fact the male bird is very similar to the female crestless fireback (Lophura erythrophthalma). The male Salvadori's pheasant is in length and is plain black, with a bluish fringe to the feathers of body and neck. The tail is short and rounded. The beak is whitish-green and the iris orange-red. There is a yellowish-green or grey-green ring of bare skin round the eye, and the rest of the bare facial skin is bright red. The legs are greyish-blue with a strong spur. The female is slightly shorter and has no spur. Her colour is reddish-brown, each feather having fine black speckling and a pale streak by the shaft, giving her a mottled look. The throat is paler brown and the tail is blackish-brown. Juveniles are similar to females but the feathers are edged with pale buff giving a scaled effect.
The principle differences between the male Salvadori's pheasant and the female crestless fireback is that the former is longer, has a pale bill and holds the tail lowered while the latter is more robust, has a black beak and tends to keep the tail cocked. Also, Salvadori's pheasant occurs at higher altitudes in Sumatra than the crestless fireback.
Distribution and habitat
Salvadori's pheasant is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia, where it is found at altitudes between about . There are two subspecies; L. i. inornata being relatively common and known from many locations in the centre and south of the Barisan Mountains, while L. i. hoogerwerfi, Hoogerwerf's pheasant, is restricted to the northern part of the mountains and has been seen infrequently.
Status
L. inornata is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a "near-threatened species". This is because the total population is thought to be trending downwards, it being estimated that there are between five thousand and twenty thousand individuals in total, and the bird's habitat is being degraded by the clearing of its forest home for illegal agricultural activities. Some birds are hunted and a few have appeared on sale in local markets, the vendors admitting that they had been poached from the Gunung Leuser National Park.
References
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet
gbwf.org – Salvadori's Pheasant (Lophura inornata)
Oriental Bird Images: Salvadori's Pheasant Selected images
Salvadori's pheasant
Birds of Sumatra
Endemic fauna of Sumatra
Salvadori's pheasant |
4034404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapinocephalus | Tapinocephalus | Tapinocephalus ("humble head") is an extinct genus of large herbivorous dinocephalians that lived during the Middle Permian Period. These stocky, barrel-bodied animals were characterised by a massive bony skull roof and short weak snout. It is thought that, like the rest of the members of its family, the animals engaged in head-butting intraspecific behavior, possibly for territory or mates.
The fossil remains (skull and postcranial elements) of Tapinocephalus are known from the Lower, Middle, and Upper part of the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone ( Capitanian age) of the Lower Beaufort Beds of the South African Karoo. Only the type species, T. atherstonei is now considered valid for this genus.
In life, these animals were over in length and massed around , making them among the largest animals of their time.
Classification
Tapinocephalus atherstonei is known from a number of skulls and postcranial bones. The skull is large with a heavily pachyostotic skull roof, a massive bony frontals and a short weak Moschops-like snout. Taurops is a synonym. Phocosaurus megischion is another synonym differing only in that the transition from the frontals to the snout is not abrupt.
See also
List of therapsids
Sources
Boonstra, L.D. 1956, "The skull of Tapinocephalus and its near relatives" Annals of the South African Museum, 43 Part 3 pp. 137–169, 17 figs, plate 4.
----- 1969. The fauna of the Tapinocephalus Zone (Beaufort beds of the Karoo). Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 56:1–73.
King, Gillian M., 1988 "Anomodontia" Part 17 C, Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Gutsav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York.
External links
Tapinocephalia - Tapinocephalus - Palaeos
Tapinocephalians
Prehistoric therapsid genera
Guadalupian synapsids of Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1876
Taxa named by Richard Owen |
4034406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Spoilers%20%28band%29 | The Spoilers (band) | The Spoilers were a Southern California punk rock/new wave band formed in 1978.
History
The Spoilers began in Los Angeles, California in 1978. The founding members were Chris Hickey, George Padgett and Dean Stefan. Bill Hickey was also considered a semi-member of the band when he was not attending law school at Berkeley. Their first EP was released in 1978 on White Lunch Records and contained the songs "Has Been" (written by Dean Stefan), "Battling On" (Chris Hickey), "Boys Night Out" (Dean Stefan) and "The Ugly Nancies" (Chris Hickey). Hickey and Stefan were credited with guitar and Padgett with bass.
Under the management of local impresario Stan Bernstein, the band moved from a punk to a new wave band, to fit their image as soft clean-cut suburbanites. Bernstein released a second Spoilers record in 1979, Balloon Water Race, that contained "Focus" (Dean Stefan), "Loose Words" (Chris Hickey), "Mr. X" (Craig Wisda) and "Point Blank" (Bruce Springsteen). A 45 single followed in 1980 on White Lunch Records, of Stefan’s "Greta", backed with Hickey’s "Loose Words". The single was played by Rodney Bingenheimer on the KROQ as well as on Dr Demento's syndicated show.
The band then relocated south to Los Angeles. A five-song mini album was recorded with Paul Wexler, but was not released due to contractual disagreement with Wexler. Instead, the band left to record a 1980 single on Elton John’s record label, The Rocket Record Company. This single featured Stefan’s "Reckless" backed by a new version of "Battling On".
Kessler and Wisda left the band in 1981. Hickey and Stefan then recorded a 12-song album, produced by Steve Verroca, and using studio musicians.
Later solo work
Chris Hickey went on to release six solo albums, co-lead the alt-folk band Show of Hands with future Beach Boy Randell Kirsch, and lead the alternative band Uma. Both bands released CDs on major labels (I.R.S. Records and MCA Universal, respectively). Dean Stefan released a solo album Trial and Error and wrote much of the soundtrack music to the children’s television series, Rainbow Fish. These songs were released as a CD on Sony Music.
External links
Chris Hickey
Punk rock groups from California
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups from Los Angeles |
4034429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochodaeidae | Ochodaeidae | Ochodaeidae, also known as the sand-loving scarab beetles, is a small family of scarabaeiform beetles occurring in many parts of the world.
These beetles are small, ranging from . Their bodies are elongate and convex, with black and brown colors including yellowish- and reddish-brown shades.
As of 2012, the biology and habits of Ochodaeidae beetles is still mostly unknown. Most types have been collected in sandy areas at night, while some of their species are active during the day.
Taxonomy
Ochodaeidae beetles belong to the infraorder Scarabaeiformia, which contains only one superfamily, the Scarabaeoidea. The most striking feature of the Scarabaeoidea are the ends of their antennae, that are divided into several lamellae, thus resembling a fan. Another distinguishing feature are their legs, that possess teeth and are adapted for digging.
Ochodaeidae is divided into two subfamilies containing five tribes and 15 genera:
Subfamily Ochodaeinae Mulsant & Rey, 1871
Tribe Enodognathini Scholtz, 1988
Enodognathus Benderitter, 1921
Odontochodaeus Paulian, 1976
Tribe Ochodaeini Mulsant & Rey, 1871
Codocera Eschscholtz, 1818
Cucochodaeus Paulsen, 2007
Neochodaeus Nikolayev, 1995
Notochodaeus Nikolajev, 2005
Ochodaeus Dejean, 1821
Parochodaeus Nikolayev, 1995
Xenochodaeus Paulsen, 2007
Subfamily Chaetocanthinae Scholtz in Scholtz, D'Hotman, Evans & Nel, 1988
Tribe Chaetocanthini Scholtz in Scholtz, D'Hotman, Evans & Nel, 1988
Chaetocanthus Péringuey, 1901
Mioochodaeus Nikolajev, 1995
Namibiotalpa Scholtz & Evans, 1987
Tribe Pseudochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
Pseudochodaeus Carlson & Richter, 1974
Tribe Synochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
Synochodaeus Kolbe, 1907
Gauchodaeus Paulsen, 2012
References
Literature about Ochodaeidae
2006: A review of the family-group names for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) with corrections to nomenclature and a current classification. Coleopterists Society monograph, 5: 144–204.; / PDF on the web site of the Zoological Institute of St. Petersburg: PDF
; 2009: Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic. Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae and Trogidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 49: 297–332. PDF
2009: Ochodaeidae species of the Palaearctic's Asia. Euroasian entomological journal, 8(2): 205–211. [not seen]
; 2010: The oldest fossil Ochodaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Zootaxa, 2553: 65–68. Preview
1988: Phylogeny and systematics of the Ochodaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 51: 207–240.
2006: Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, , p. 95
Beetle families
Scarabaeiformia |
4034431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1981 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | John McEnroe defeated the five-time defending champion Björn Borg in a rematch of the previous year's final, 4–6, 7–6(7–1), 7–6(7–4), 6–4, to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1981 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first Wimbledon singles title and third major singles title overall. Borg was attempting to equal William Renshaw's record of six consecutive Wimbledon titles and Roy Emerson's all-time record of 12 major titles.
During this tournament, McEnroe famously shouted "You cannot be serious!" to the chair umpire in response to a serve being called "out". The disagreement took place on June 22 during his first round match against Tom Gullikson.
Seeds
Björn Borg (final)
John McEnroe (champion)
Jimmy Connors (semifinals)
Ivan Lendl (first round)
Gene Mayer (withdrew before the tournament began)
Brian Teacher (second round)
Brian Gottfried (second round)
Roscoe Tanner (second round)
José Luis Clerc (third round)
Guillermo Vilas (first round)
Víctor Pecci (first round)
Peter McNamara (quarterfinals)
Yannick Noah (first round)
Wojciech Fibak (fourth round)
Balázs Taróczy (third round)
Vitas Gerulaitis (fourth round)
Gene Mayer withdrew due to injury. He was replaced in the draw by lucky loser Mike Estep.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1981 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20Trumpet | Time Trumpet | Time Trumpet is a six episode satirical television comedy series which aired on BBC Two in August 2006. The series was written by Armando Iannucci, Roger Drew and Will Smith in a similar manner to Iannucci's earlier one-off programmes, 2004: The Stupid Version and Clinton: His Struggle with Dirt. One sketch was later spun off by network in Ireland, RTÉ, into the cult television series Soupy Norman, in May 2007.
Premise
Time Trumpet is set in the year 2031, and is a retrospective documentary on the first thirty years of the twenty-first century. Actors and actresses played the parts of 'today's stars' thirty years on, who were interviewed as part of the show.
These 'older selves' included David Beckham, Anne Robinson, David Cameron, Sebastian Coe, Kate Middleton, Charlotte Church, Ant & Dec, June Sarpong, Tony Blair, Alastair Campbell, Charles Clarke, Noel Edmonds, Chris Moyles, Gordon Brown, David Miliband, Bob Geldof, Saddam Hussein, Natasha Kaplinsky, Prince Harry, Jamie Oliver and the woman who released the doves at the end of the Michael Jackson trial.
The show also included interviews with comedians, billed in the show as "top cultural commentators slash TV pundits", speaking about the events of the past. These included Stewart Lee (also appearing as the baldheaded 'Stu Lee', the implication being that he was contractually obliged to shave his head and change his name), Richard Ayoade, Jo Enright, Matthew Holness, Adam Buxton, Mark Watson and David Sant.
Iannucci himself is seen once per episode interviewing guests, but at an oblique angle and with a different physical appearance. Series co creator Will Smith also appears in the series.
Each episode had a main theme running throughout, such as The Olympics or the War in Iraq. The main running gag was the promise of a catch up with "an increasingly odd Tom Cruise" and would feature the elderly actor making bizarre claims such as to be "pound for pound the world's strongest man".
Episodes
Controversy
The third episode, which featured a jumbo jet crashing into the British Houses of Parliament and the subsequent assassination of Tony Blair, was due to be screened on 17 August 2006, but was cancelled in the wake of the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, and substituted by another episode. The cancelled episode was subsequently shown a week later, without the footage of an assassinated Blair. However, a related sketch was aired, involving a play on the events of 9/11, where two towers are flown into an aeroplane.
Home media
A DVD of the series was released on 27 April 2009. The assassination of Tony Blair sketch was removed from this, as were some sketches that included footage of the Olympic Games.
Legacy
One sketch depicted real life Polish soap opera Pierwsza miłość becoming a hit across Europe, which was followed by a scene dubbed into English in a humorous way, changing the setting from Poland to Ireland. This ended up forming the basis of the cult television show Soupy Norman on RTÉ.
Alan Moore's final issue of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen includes a reference to the in series game show "Rape an Ape", as well as several references to Iannucci's The Thick of It.
American remake
In December 2011, network in the United States, Comedy Central announced they would be remaking the series, with Iannucci as producer. Ultimately, the series was not picked up by the network, and Iannucci moved on to other projects.
References
External links
Iannucci profiled on BBC News' "Faces of the Week" (4 November 2005) with reference to Time Trumpet
BBC comedy blog
2006 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
2000s British satirical television series
BBC television comedy
British mockumentary television series
English-language television shows
Political satirical television series
Television series about television
Television series set in the 2030s |
4034443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow%20argus | Meadow argus | The meadow argus (Junonia villida) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly found in Australia and Nelsons Island. It is also known as Albin's Hampstead eye in the United Kingdom, where it has occurred only as an accidental import.
Description
The meadow argus has two brownish wings, each covered with two distinctive black and blue eyespots as well as white and orange marks that appear on the edge of the wings. The eyespots are a defense mechanism that are not only used to frighten predators away, but also to confuse the predators into thinking that the eyespots are the target, allowing the butterfly to escape with only a small part of the wing being lost. The underside of the wings are mainly unmarked, except the lower part of the forewing has similar markings as the upperside. The wingspan measures 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in males and 4.3 centimetres (1.7) in females.
As the butterfly rests, it can sit in four different positions depending on the current situation. These positions include:
If the sun is shining, the butterfly will open and relax its wings
If danger approaches while in the sunlight the butterfly will open its wings further revealing eyespots on its hindwings
If the sun is not shining the butterfly will close its wings
If danger approaches while there is no sunlight the butterfly will raise its frontwings revealing hidden eyespots
Distribution and habitat
The meadow argus can be found mainly on the Australian mainland, as well as in Tasmania, Kangaroo Island, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Tuvalu, Samoa and Cook Islands. They reside in urban areas, forests, woodlands, and grasslands, though they are uncommon during the winter months. Every year during October or November, the butterflies migrate from southern Australia to warmer areas in the north.
Early stages
Eggs
Meadow argus eggs are laid on a leaf of the food plant, shaped with sturdy vertical and horizontal ribs. The eggs usually hatch within 7 to 10 days.
Larvae
Meadow argus larvae are black with short thin spines. Meadow argus caterpillars feed on various garden plants, both native and introduced. This includes Plantago, Scrophulariaceae, Convolvulaceae, Compositae, Verbenaceae, Porulacaceae, and Gentianaceae. This stage lasts from 4 to 5 weeks.
Pupae
Meadow argus pupae have various colours, though usually they are black dotted with white and reddish yellow. This stage lasts from 2 to 3 weeks.
See also
Common buckeye (Junonia coenia)
References
Junonia
Butterflies of Oceania
Butterflies of Australia
Lepidoptera of New Guinea
Lepidoptera of Papua New Guinea
Butterflies of New Zealand
Butterflies described in 1787 |
4034444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy%20Sepulchre%20Cemetery%20%28East%20Orange%2C%20New%20Jersey%29 | Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (East Orange, New Jersey) | Holy Sepulchre Cemetery is located in East Orange and Newark, New Jersey. The Garden State Parkway runs through the two halves of the cemetery (exit 144 and exit 145, respectively). This cemetery was established in 1859 and is maintained by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.
In the 1950s, the newly-constructed Garden State Parkway cut directly through the cemetery. Hundreds of graves had to be moved prior to construction. Both sides of the cemetery are visible to drivers on the Parkway today.
Notable burials
Thomas J. Callan (1853–1908), Indian Wars Medal of Honor recipient
Jack Farrell (1857–1914), Major League Baseball player for 11 seasons, from 1879–1889
Edward F. McDonald (1844–1892), represented New Jersey's 7th congressional district from 1895–1899
Cornelius Augustine McGlennon (1878–1931), represented from 1919–1921
Frank Joseph McNulty (1872–1926), Representative from New Jersey 8th District from 1923–1925
Paul John Moore (1868–1938), represented New Jersey's 8th congressional district from 1927–1929
Edward L. O'Neill (1903–1948), represented New Jersey's 11th congressional district from 1937–1939
Albert Oss (1818–1898), Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
James Smith, Jr. (1851–1927), U.S. Senator from New Jersey from 1893–1899
Thomas Sullivan (1859–1940), Indian Wars Medal of Honor recipient
References
External links
Search for burials in the Archdiocese of Newark database
Old Newark Cemeteries: Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Political Graveyard: Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Find-A-Grave information for Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Cemeteries in Essex County, New Jersey
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Roman Catholic cemeteries in New Jersey
1859 establishments in New Jersey
East Orange, New Jersey
Garden State Parkway
Geography of Newark, New Jersey |
4034447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20WAB%20class | NZR WAB class | {{DISPLAYTITLE:NZR WAB class}}
The NZR WAB class locomotives were steam locomotives designed, built and used by New Zealand Railways Department (NZR). Their wheel arrangement is described by the Whyte notation 4-6-4T. The locomotives were designed by NZR chief draughtsman S.H. Jenkinson as tank versions of the AB class 4-6-2 Pacific locomotive. Initially, the locomotives were separated into two classes, designated WAB for mainline work and WS for suburban work.
The remaining locomotives were kept in service until the last days of steam, operating short-haul mainline freight services and fast suburban services, particularly in Auckland. WAB 794 was sold to the Ohai Railway Board in Southland for running heavy coal trains. The locomotives were progressively withdrawn in the 1960s.
Introduction
The first locomotives, WS 686 and WAB 687, were built from the boilers, frames and engine units initially destined for AB 666 and AB 667. These entered service in 1917, WS 686 in Wellington and WAB 687 at Taumarunui in the central North Island. Fourteen WS class locomotives were built between 1917 and 1925: one at Addington workshops (686), five at A & G Price Ltd, Thames (799-803) and eight at Hillside workshops, Dunedin (764-771). All the WS class were converted to WAB in 1932-4. Sixteen WAB class were built between 1918 and 1926: one at Addington (687), 12 at Hillside (786-795) and three at A&G Price (796-798). In about 1922 the class was introduced on Auckland (until 1930 near Britomart) to Papakura suburban services. Between 1947 and 1957 11 WAB class were converted to AB class.
Preserved locomotives
Only three examples of the class remain, with two in their original form as WABs:
WAB 794 was donated by the Ohai Railway Board in 1968 to the New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society and was moved to the Ferrymead Railway, and displayed for the Rail 125 celebrations in 1988. The locomotive has since been restored and is preserved at Feilding, and has been used on mainline excursions and also on the regular Wellington - Auckland Overlander service.
WAB (former WS) 800 is owned by the Waikato Branch of New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society and was stored for many years at the Te Awamutu Railway Museum. Following the negotiation of a lease agreement, the engine has been moved to the Glenbrook Vintage Railway for eventual restoration to working order.
AB (former WAB) 795 is preserved at Kingston, for use on the "Kingston Flyer".
See also
NZR W class
NZR WA class
NZR WB class
NZR WD class
NZR WE class
NZR WF class
NZR WG class
NZR WW class
Locomotives of New Zealand
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
NZ Steam locomotives - WAB class
Feilding and District Steam Rail Society
Railway preservation in New Zealand
Wab class
4-6-4T locomotives
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand
Railway locomotives introduced in 1917 |
4034482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1982 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Jimmy Connors defeated the defending champion John McEnroe in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1982 Wimbledon Championships. The final between Connors and McEnroe was the first Wimbledon match in history to take place on a Sunday.
A number of high-profile players were absent from this tournament for various reasons. This included five-time champion Björn Borg, who refused to play after officials required him to play in a qualifier tournament due to being absent from the tour injured for most of 1982; Ivan Lendl and Eliot Teltscher both withdrew citing difficulty playing on the grass courts; and Argentine players Guillermo Vilas and José Luis Clerc withdrew in protest to their country's conflict with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands.
Seeds
John McEnroe (final)
Jimmy Connors (champion)
Vitas Gerulaitis (quarterfinals)
Sandy Mayer (third round)
Johan Kriek (quarterfinals)
Gene Mayer (quarterfinals)
Mats Wilander (fourth round)
Peter McNamara (first round)
Andrés Gómez (first round)
Yannick Noah (withdrew)
Brian Teacher (quarterfinals)
Mark Edmondson (semifinals)
Brian Gottfried (second round)
Roscoe Tanner (fourth round)
Buster Mottram (fourth round)
Steve Denton (fourth round)
Yannick Noah withdrew due to injury. He was replaced in the draw by lucky loser Richard Meyer.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1982 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miho%20Morikawa | Miho Morikawa | is a Japanese singer and model.
Biography
Miho Morikawa got her start at the age of 17 after winning a singing contest, which led to her first album, called Sentimental Times, in 1986. Soon after her debut, she started writing lyrics and eventually composing some of the songs as well. On her EP Holiday, Miho played the blues harp in some songs. Her 1992 album, Freestyle, debuted at No.10 on the Japanese Album Chart. She has done songs for several anime series; including "Blue Water" and "Yes I Will" from Fushigi no Umi no Nadia, "Positive" from Ranma ½, and "By Yourself" from a Dirty Pair OAV and "Yahoo!" the second opening of Kenichi: The Mightiest Disciple with Akira Asakura under the group name Diva x Diva. Her most recent album was Glad (2010).
References
External links
Official blog
Actresses from Osaka Prefecture
1968 births
Living people
Japanese women singers
Musicians from Osaka Prefecture |
4034493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%27s%20Nose%20%28Westchester%20County%2C%20New%20York%29 | Anthony's Nose (Westchester County, New York) | Anthony's Nose is a peak in the Hudson Highlands along the east bank of the Hudson River in the hamlet of Cortlandt Manor, New York. It lies at the extreme northwest end of Westchester County, and serves as the east anchor of the Bear Mountain Bridge.
Topography
Anthony's Nose, together with Dunderberg Mountain, comprises the South Gate of the Hudson Highlands. It forms a ridge running northeast and southwest, being separated from Canada Hill to the northeast by Copper Mine Brook and the "South Mountain Pass", and being bordered on the southwest by the Hudson. The Hudson makes a turn around the southwestern tip, so that the northwestern side also slopes down to salt marshes along the river. On the southeastern side are Mine Mountain and, across Broccy Creek, Manitou Mountain. Most of this land is part of Camp Smith, a New York National Guard reservation.
US 6/202 crosses the Hudson on the Bear Mountain Bridge to the western tip of the mountain, where it meets NY 9D. 9D runs northeast along the northwestern flank of the mountain to Garrison, New York, while 202/6 runs southeast, hugging the cliffs, towards Peekskill. The main line of the New York Central Railroad, now Metro-North's Hudson Line, runs along the mountain and passes under the western tip and the Bear Mountain Bridge through a tunnel bearing the peak's name.
History
The peak has been known as Anthony's Nose since at least 1697, when the name appears on a grant patent for the Highland Patent, also known as the Philipse Patent for its original owner, Frederick Philipse, the first Lord of Philipse Manor.
Washington Irving's Knickerbocker's History of New York, a parody, attributes the name to one Anthony Van Corlaer, a trumpeter of New Amsterdam, modeled at least in part on the real Dutch colonial Arent van Corlaer (1619-1667).
Another traditions names Anthony de Hooges (1620–1655), a deacon of the Dutch Reformed Church and early settler of Rensselaerswyck, for his prominent nose.
One of the Hudson River Chains was stretched from Fort Montgomery above West Point to the foot of the mountain. The Bear Mountain Bridge was later constructed along approximately that alignment. An airway beacon was once located on the summit.
Geology
The mountain is composed of Canada Hill granite. Large calcite crystals have been collected from the railroad cut along the base.
Trails
The Appalachian Trail crosses the Bear Mountain Bridge and follows NY Rt. 9D for a short distance before turning east and climbing the side of the mountain. It skirts the summit ridge, descends into the clove between Anthony's Nose and Mine Mountain, and from there into South Mountain Pass. The blue-blazed Camp Smith Trail leaves the AT southwestward just above the descent to 9D, and runs along the ridge to reach the summit. From there, it runs along the border of Camp Smith to reach parking along U.S. Rt. 202/U.S. Rt. 6 on the south side of Manitou Mountain.
References
Hudson Highlands
U.S. Route 6
Mountains of Westchester County, New York
Mountains of New York (state) |
4034507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th%20Street%E2%80%93Columbus%20Circle%20station | 59th Street–Columbus Circle station | The 59th Street–Columbus Circle station is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and the IND Eighth Avenue Line. It is the eighth-busiest station complex in the system. It is located at Columbus Circle in Manhattan, where 59th Street, Broadway and Eighth Avenue intersect, and serves Central Park, the Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, and Midtown Manhattan. The station is served by the 1, A, and D trains at all times; the C train at all times except late nights; the B train during weekdays until 11:00 p.m.; and the 2 train during late nights.
The Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line station was built for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), and was a local station on the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The Eighth Avenue Line station was built as an express station for the Independent Subway System (IND) and opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the IND's first segment. The complex was renovated in the 2000s, following unsuccessful attempts to raise money for such a restoration during the late 20th century.
The IRT station has two side platforms and four tracks; express trains use the inner two tracks to bypass the station. The IND station has three island platforms and four tracks, but only two of the platforms are in use. The transfer between the IRT platforms and the IND platforms has been within fare control since July 1, 1948. The station complex contains elevators, which make it compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The original portion of the IRT station's interior is a New York City designated landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
Original IRT subway
Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature authorized the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx. A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899. The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, under which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.
The 59th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 60th Street to 82nd Street, for which work had begun on August 22, 1900. These sections had been awarded to William Bradley. The section of tunnel near Columbus Circle had been completed by late 1901. At the time, the uptown platform was planned to be named 60th Street, while the downtown platform was to be named 59th Street. On March 14, 1903, the 59th Street station hosted a ceremony in which mayor Seth Low drove the first spike for the IRT subway's first track. By late 1903, the subway was nearly complete, but the IRT Powerhouse and the system's electrical substations were still under construction, delaying the system's opening.
The 59th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch. The opening of the first subway line, and particularly the 59th Street station, helped contribute to the development of Columbus Circle and the Upper West Side.
Operation
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission (PSC) proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts, made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 () was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. Platforms at local stations, such as the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station, were lengthened by between . The northbound platform was extended to the south, while the southbound platform was extended to the north and south. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910.
As early as March 1914, local business owners and workers began advocating for the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station to be converted into an express stop. That August, the PSC published a report outlining two alternatives for the station's conversion. The first option called for building a mezzanine under the tracks and relocating the platforms, while the other option called for lowering the tracks and erecting a new mezzanine above. IRT president Theodore Shonts opposed the plan, saying that the plan was too costly. Such a conversion would require underpinning the Columbus Monument directly above the station, as well as the relocation of a water main next to the subway line. In 1915, the city awarded the PSC the right to build an entrance inside a building on the north side of Columbus Circle, replacing an entrance on the sidewalk.
The Broadway Association recommended in mid-1922 that a new entrance be built on the south side of Columbus Circle, since pedestrians had to cross heavy vehicular traffic in the circle. In December 1922, the Transit Commission approved a $3 million project to lengthen platforms at 14 local stations along the original IRT line, including 59th Street and five other stations on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Platform lengths at these stations would be increased from . The commission postponed the platform-lengthening project in September 1923, at which point the cost had risen to $5.6 million.
IND expansion
New York City mayor John Francis Hylan's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over of new lines and taking over nearly of existing lines. The lines were designed to compete with the existing underground, surface, and elevated lines operated by the IRT and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval to the construction of a subway line along Eighth Avenue, running from 207th Street. The Eighth Avenue Line station was originally planned to be located at 57th Street, with entrances extending up to 61st Street. By 1927, the IND station had been relocated to be nearer the IRT station, forming a major transit hub under Columbus Circle.
Though most of the Eighth Avenue Line was dug using a cheap cut-and-cover method, workers at 59th Street–Columbus Circle had to be careful to not disrupt the existing IRT line overhead. Workers blasted out a portion of the station site, but they had to halt the work when an IRT train passed by. The Columbus Monument was shored up during the work. The underpinning process was overseen by John H. Myers, the engineer who had been responsible for underpinning the monument during the construction of the IRT station. In October 1928, the BOT awarded a $444,000 contract to Charles Mead & Co. for the completion of the 50th Street, 59th Street, and 72nd Street stations on the Eighth Avenue Line. One developer predicted that the IND station's construction would spur development around Columbus Circle, similar to the development boom that had taken place around Times Square when the original IRT had been built.
A preview event for the new subway was hosted at Columbus Circle on September 9, 1932, a day before the official opening. The Eighth Avenue Line station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street. There was a direct connection with the IRT station at Columbus Circle; initially, passengers had to pay an additional fare to transfer between the IRT and the IND. The New York Herald Tribune described the 59th Street station as one of three "showplaces" on the new IND line, the others being the 14th Street and 42nd Street stations. Although the IND station was built with three island platforms, the center platform (between the two express tracks) was not used for the first two decades of the station's operation. IND employees did use the center platform for musical performances during Christmas.
In the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) proposed decorating the 59th Street station and other IND stations with murals. Supporters of the WPA's plan created a mockup of two murals for the 59th Street station in early 1939. One mural would have depicted a map of Manhattan's subway lines, flanked by "typical street scenes", while the other mural would have depicted Christopher Columbus, flanked by scenes depicting Central Park. In addition, relief panels would have been placed above the stairways leading to the northbound and southbound platforms, respectively depicting personifications of winter and summer.
Modifications and later changes
1940s and 1950s
The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. A large sporting arena was then proposed for the western side of Columbus Circle in 1946, with a tunnel connecting directly to the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station. The arena plan, originally envisioned as a replacement for Madison Square Garden, ultimately evolved into the New York Coliseum convention center. Meanwhile, as part of the unification of the New York City Subway system, the passageways between the IRT and IND stations were placed inside fare control on July 1, 1948. Later the same year, a candy store opened in the mezzanine of the 59th Street station, one of the first such stores approved in the subway system.
Starting on March 24, 1953, the IND station's center express platform was opened for passenger service during rush hours; express trains opened their doors on both sides in the peak direction only. Southbound trains served the center platform in the morning and northbound trains served the platform in the afternoon. In addition, a loudspeaker system was installed at the IND station to help regulate passenger flow. Access to the center express platform was via seven staircases, which were closed during off-peak hours. This was the first time the center express platform had been used in regular service.
During the early 1950s, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA; now an agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, or MTA) considered converting the IRT station to an express stop. This would serve the anticipated rise of ridership resulting from the Coliseum's completion and the expected redevelopment of the area. The conversion would entail constructing a separate island platform for express trains, similar to the arrangement at 34th Street–Penn Station, at a cost of $5 million. Additionally, a passageway would be built, connecting directly to the basement of the Coliseum. The NYCTA also considered converting the 72nd Street station to a local station. In March 1955, the NYCTA approved contracts with engineering firms for the design and construction of four projects across the subway system, including the conversion of the 59th Street station. Edwards, Kelcey and Beck was hired as consulting engineers for the station conversion, which never occurred. NYCTA chairman Charles L. Patterson suggested that, rather than construct an express platform for the IRT at 59th Street, the authority should instead lengthen platforms at local stations along the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to accommodate eight-car local trains.
The original IRT stations north of Times Square could barely fit local trains of five or six cars depending on the configuration of the trains. Stations on the line from 50th Street to 96th Street, including this station but excluding the 91st Street station, had their platforms extended in the 1950s to accommodate ten-car trains as part of a $100 million () rebuilding program. The joint venture of Rosoff Bros Inc. and Joseph Meltzer Associates Inc. received a contract to remodel the 50th Street, 59th Street, and 66th Street stations in February 1957. The work was complicated by the fact that the contractors could not disrupt subway service or vehicular traffic during the platform-lengthening project. The platform extensions at the local stations were completed by early 1958. Once the project was completed, eight-car local trains began operating on February 6, 1959. Due to the lengthening of the platforms at 86th Street and 96th Street, the intermediate 91st Street station was closed on February 2, 1959, because it was too close to the other two stations.
1960s and 1970s
In May 1960, the NYCTA approved businessman Huntington Hartford's offer to redesign a subway entrance on Eighth Avenue and 58th Street, next to Hartford's new Gallery of Modern Art at 2 Columbus Circle. Hartford funded the project, which was designed by the Gallery of Modern Art's architect, Edward Durell Stone. A New York Times article attributed the development of the Coliseum and 2 Columbus Circle to the presence of the 59th Street station, which had increased the neighborhood's accessibility. The Gulf and Western Building (now the Trump International Hotel and Tower) was constructed on the north side of the circle in the late 1960s. As part of that project, a sunken circular plaza was built, with a large staircase leading to the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station and to the building's basement. This plaza and entrance had been required as part of the building's construction. Though the station had a direct entrance to the Gulf and Western Building, it lacked similar connections to 2 Columbus Circle or the Coliseum.
By 1970, NYCTA officials ranked the Columbus Circle station as one of the twelve most congested places in the subway system, where trains suffered from significant delays due to overcrowding. In March 1975, the NYCTA proposed renovating the 59th Street station as part of a six-year modernization program. The same year, Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), an MTA subsidiary that owned the Coliseum, spent $1 million on two escalators between the mezzanine and the intersection of Eighth Avenue and 58th Street. The installation included a fiberglass canopy above the escalators, as well as a small garden at mezzanine level near the escalators. The escalators opened in October 1975 and were intended largely for patients of the nearby Roosevelt Hospital, but they initially were often out of service due to repeated "vandalism". In 1979, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the space within the boundaries of the original IRT station, excluding expansions made after 1904, as a city landmark. The station was designated along with eleven others on the original IRT.
1980s and 1990s
As part of a pilot program to reduce high crime in the New York City Subway system, in May 1981, the MTA spent $500,000 to install 76 CCTV screens at the Columbus Circle subway station, monitored by the New York City Transit Police. Crime at the station increased in the year after the CCTV system was installed, but the Transit Police continued to use the CCTV system, and the MTA expanded the experiment to the Times Square–42nd Street station. The cameras were deactivated in 1985 after further tests showed that their presence did not help reduce crime. The MTA considered transferring 220 CCTV cameras from these stations to token booths at the stations with the most crime.
The MTA announced in 1983 that it would renovate the Columbus Circle station as part of its capital program. To fund the renovation, the MTA placed the neighboring Coliseum for sale in 1984. The next year, a joint venture of Boston Properties and Phibro-Salomon Inc. was selected to redevelop the site as part of the Columbus Center project. In exchange for a zoning bonus, the developers would have funded over $30 million in improvements to the station. The improvements would have included new elevators and escalators; rearranged entrances and staircases; wider platforms; a reconfigured mezzanine and fare control area; and an entrance into the basement of the proposed building. The MTA planned to remove most of the bas-relief plaques as part of a widening of the southbound platform, relocating two of these plaques above an escalator, though the LPC objected to the proposal.
The Coliseum sale was nullified in late 1987, and Boston Properties presented a revised proposal for Columbus Center the next year, in which it would no longer fund improvements to the Columbus Circle station. To cover a funding shortfall for the Columbus Circle station's renovation, officials considered diverting $7.7 in million of funding from a proposed renovation of the Flushing–Main Street station in Queens. A third plan for Columbus Center was presented in 1989. This proposal included $12 million to $15 million for a renovation of the Columbus Circle station; Boston Properties, the city, and the MTA would each cover one-third of that amount.
By 1990, The New York Times described the station as "a haven for many homeless people", and the station had one of Manhattan's largest homeless populations. The renovation of the Columbus Circle station was to have been funded by the sale of the Coliseum, which continued to face delays. Boston Properties reneged from the Columbus Center project in 1994. Planning for Columbus Center restarted in May 1996, and Time Warner and The Related Companies were selected to redevelop that site into the Time Warner (now Deutsche Bank) Center in 1998. The development would include a refurbished subway entrance at 58th Street, with an elevator to the mezzanine. However, Time Warner was not obligated to renovate the station, since it was not requesting a zoning bonus for its project. The city government simultaneously planned to renovate Columbus Circle itself. An entrance or skylight for the subway station was included in two proposals for the circle's reconstruction, but the final plan did not include skylights or a new entrance.
2000s to present
In 2002, as part of the construction of the nearby Hearst Tower, the Hearst Corporation proposed renovating the station in exchange for permission to include six more stories in its tower. Hearst would fund the addition of three elevators: two to the IND and southbound IRT platforms and the third to the northbound IRT platform. In addition, the company would construct an entrance, add and relocate stairways, and relocate turnstiles. The IRT station's original interiors were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. A renovation of the station started in 2006 and was completed in 2012. As part of the project, two subway entrances opened at the northwest corner of 60th Street and Broadway in 2008, connecting with the downtown IRT platform. The IND station's unused express platform was converted to an underpass between the IRT platforms. Dattner Architects and WSP Global designed the renovation, which was completed in 2012.
The MTA announced in early 2014 that it would convert a section of the mezzanine between 57th and 59th Streets into a retail complex called TurnStyle. At the time, the station was the seventh-busiest in the system. According to MTA real-estate director Jeffrey Rosen, this was the first project where the MTA converted a portion of an older station to retail. The MTA initially charged rents of , about one-third the rate of similarly sized above-ground storefronts. The TurnStyle complex opened on April 18, 2016. TurnStyle's storefronts had a 90 percent occupancy rate in the three years after it opened, and the MTA planned to construct similar malls in other stations. The market was temporarily closed in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.
Service history
IRT station
The IRT's 59th Street–Columbus Circle station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch. After the first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by local trains along both the West Side (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street) and East Side (now the Lenox Avenue Line). Local trains ran from City Hall to 242nd Street in the Bronx during rush hours, continuing south from City Hall to South Ferry at other times. East Side local trains ran from City Hall to Lenox Avenue (145th Street). The Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street in 1918, thereby dividing the original line into an "H"-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and all local trains were sent to South Ferry.
The IRT routes at the station were given numbered designations in 1948 with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The Broadway route to 242nd Street became known as the 1 and the Lenox Avenue route as the 3. After the platforms at the station were lengthened in 1959, all 1 trains became local and all 2 and 3 trains became express, and eight-car local trains began operating. Increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the 1 train on February 6, 1959. In April 1988, the NYCTA unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train. When skip-stop service started in 1989, it was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College on weekdays, and 59th Street was served by both the 1 and the 9. Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005, as a result of a decrease in the number of riders who benefited.
IND station
When the IND Eighth Avenue Line opened, the station was served by express (A) and local (AA) trains between Chambers and 207th Street. After the IND Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933, the C express and CC local trains started serving the station, running via the Concourse Line, while the AA was discontinued. IND service at the station was again modified on December 15, 1940, when a spur to the IND Sixth Avenue Line opened south of 59th Street. The BB and CC local trains stopped at the station only during rush hours, while the AA local train served the station during off-peak hours. The C express train ran only during rush hours, and a new express route (the D) was established, running at all times. In 1985, the AA was relabeled the K, while the BB became the B; the K train was discontinued in 1988.
Station layout
The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line platforms run diagonally to and above the IND Eighth Avenue Line platforms. The IRT station is a local stop with four tracks and two side platforms, while the IND station is an express stop with four tracks and three island platforms (one of which is not in revenue service). The complex contains two mezzanines, which contain fare control areas and connect directly to the IRT platforms. The northern mezzanine is next to the northbound IRT platform and the southern mezzanine is next to the southbound IRT platform. Passengers can transfer between the IRT platforms by descending to the IND platforms. The 59th Street–Columbus Circle station is fully wheelchair-accessible, with several elevators connecting the street, mezzanines, and platforms. The station also contains the precinct house of New York City Police Department (NYPD)'s Transit District 1.
South of the southbound IRT platform is a mezzanine leading to 57th Street. The TurnStyle retail complex occupies a portion of this mezzanine. There are stores on both sides of a central corridor measuring wide. TurnStyle contains 30 storefronts, which range from . TurnStyle is divided into three sections: a marketplace at the south end, retail stores in the middle, and an area with "grab-and-go" restaurants at the north end. Deliveries are made via a staircase with an enclosed conveyor belt leading from the street, and garbage is taken out through the same conveyor belt.
Artwork
This station formerly had an artwork called Hello Columbus, installed in 1992 and made by various New York City artists and public school students. The artwork consisted of 74 aluminum plaques, each measuring .
Sol LeWitt designed a mosaic on the stairway from the IND platforms to the uptown IRT platform, Whirls and Twirls, which was installed in 2009. Whirls and Twirls is rectangular in shape, measuring . It consists of 250 porcelain tiles in six colors, which are arranged in a curving pattern within the rectangular palette. LeWitt also designed two light-and-dark-gray compass roses on the station floor, which are also made of porcelain. One of the compass roses is near the Deutsche Bank Center entrance while the other is near 58th Street.
Entrances and exits
This station complex has many entrances/exits from street level. Most of the station's exits are from the two mezzanines. The one at the north end of Columbus Circle leads to the Trump International Hotel and Tower. A wide staircase from that plaza leads to the northern part of the IND mezzanine, adjacent to the north end of the northbound IRT platform. There is also an elevator at the same corner. An additional staircase leads to the east side of Central Park West, just north of Columbus Circle.
The south end of the northbound IRT platform has a fare control area leading to two staircases. These staircases ascend to the southeastern corner of Central Park South and Broadway, just outside 240 Central Park South.
Two staircases from the northwest corner of Broadway and 60th Street descend to a fare control area leading to the southbound IRT platform. There are two additional staircases from the median of Broadway between Columbus Circle and 60th Street, which also lead to a fare control area adjacent to the southbound IRT platform. A staircase to the southwest corner of that intersection was proposed as part of the Columbus Center project but was never built.
The Deutsche Bank Center at the northwest corner of 58th Street and Eighth Avenue has a set of elevators, escalators, and staircases descending to a fare control area. The mezzanine also has a staircase to the northeast corner of 58th Street and Eighth Avenue, outside 2 Columbus Circle. There is a passageway leading to two sets of easement staircases at 57th Street and Eighth Avenue. A single staircase, within the Central Park Place building, ascends to the northwest corner of the intersection. At the southeast corner, two staircases ascend to the Hearst Tower: one to Eighth Avenue and one to 57th Street.
In October 1992, at a public hearing, New York City Transit proposed closing street staircase S6 to the northwest corner of 61st Street and Central Park West (outside what is now 15 Central Park West) and reopening street staircase S2 at 60th Street and Central Park West, located to the east of the circular stair, in order to expand the Transit Police District Command to accommodate more officers and increase the efficiency of the operation. The circular staircase was expected to be reconstructed to provide more direct access. The 61st Street exit was operated part-time, closing at nights, consisted of a high exit turnstile and was used by 2,400 daily passengers. It was located in a remote unmonitored portion of the station, making safety an added consideration for its closure. Four staircases to the two platforms that led to the passageway leading to the exit were removed.
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line platforms
The 59th Street–Columbus Circle station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line has four tracks and two side platforms. The local tracks are used by the 1 at all times and by the 2 during late nights; the express tracks are used by the 2 train during daytime hours and the 3 train at all times. The platforms were originally long, as at other local stations on the original IRT, and ranged between wide at the ends and wide at the center. As a result of the 1958–1959 platform extension, the platforms became long.
Design
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than thick. Each platform consists of concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The platform floor was originally divided into white granolithic slabs measuring . These slabs curved upward at the intersection with each wall, preventing debris buildup. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every , while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every , support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. The ceiling ranges from high. There is a gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of -thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.
The walls along the southbound platform and a short stretch of the northbound platform consist of a brick wainscoting on the lowest part of the wall and white glass tiles above, while the rest of the northbound platform has ceramic tile walls. The wainscoting is about high and is topped by a band of green marble with white veining. The platform walls are divided at intervals by green and red tile pilasters, or vertical bands. Atop each pilaster are faience plaques in blue, green, brown, and cream. These are flanked by square tiles depicting the Santa María, one of Christopher Columbus's ships. The walls contain two varieties of mosaic tile plaques, with the name "Columbus Circle" in white letters, alternating with each other. One variety of name plaques contains a green-mosaic background, while the other has a green faience background with half-circle motifs and Renaissance style moldings. There were originally four such plaques on each platform. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by faience contractor Grueby Faience Company. Hidden behind the current station wall is a prototype of a mosaic installed in 1901; it consists of red and yellow mosaic tiles in a guilloche pattern.
Various doorways lead off both platforms. On each platform, two of the doorways led to restrooms for women and men. Each restroom had ceramic-tile floors, glass walls, and marble-and-slate partitions; patrons paid five cents to enter. The ceilings of the original platforms and fare control areas contain plaster molding. The moldings divide the original ceilings into panels measuring 15 feet wide. Blue tile was used for the ceilings above the tracks, while yellow plaster was used for the ceilings above the platforms. The mezzanines leading off either platform contain ceramic tiles and flooring. The original exit stairways (now removed or upgraded) were wide.
In January 1992, the MTA Board approved a request by the NYCTA to close 43 full-time or part-time station areas at 30 station complexes, including an underpass connecting the northbound and southbound platforms, which was located near the northern end of the station (west of the IND platforms).
IND Eighth Avenue Line platforms
The 59th Street–Columbus Circle station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line is an express stop with four tracks and three island platforms. Only the outer two platforms are used for passenger service, allowing cross-platform interchanges between local and express trains heading in the same direction. The station is served by the A train at all times, the B train during weekdays until 11:00 p.m., the C train at all times except late nights, and the D train at all times. The B and C trains typically use the local tracks and the D train typically uses the express tracks. The A train uses the express tracks during the daytime and the local tracks at night.
Design
The walls of the station contain contain blue-tile bands bordered in black; since 59th Street is an express station, it has a wider tile band than local stations. Large white "59"s are placed over the blue stripes. The tile colors are intended to help riders identify their station more easily, part of a color-coded tile system for the entire Independent Subway System. The stations on the Eighth Avenue Line were built with long platforms, but there were provisions to lengthen them to to accommodate eleven-car trains.
Four of the express stations, including 59th Street, were built with long mezzanines so that passengers could walk the entire length of the mezzanines without having to pay a fare. It was proposed to develop the mezzanines of these four stations with shops, so that they would become retail corridors, similar to the underground mall at Rockefeller Center. Above the south end of the station is an underground arcade connecting 57th and 58th Streets, which was originally flanked by stores. The mezzanine also enabled pedestrians to cross under Columbus Circle.
Track layout
South of the station, trains can continue along the Eighth Avenue Line or diverge east to the Seventh Avenue station via the IND Sixth Avenue Line. The B and D trains diverge to the Sixth Avenue Line, while the C and A trains continue on the local and express tracks respectively. The next express stop on the Eighth Avenue Line is 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal, while the next local stop on the line is 50th Street.
North of the station are crossovers in both directions, and the northbound tracks cross over the southbound tracks to form a two-level configuration, used at all local stations on the line through 103rd Street. The next local stop northbound is 72nd Street, while the next express stop is 125th Street. The distance between the 59th Street and 125th Street stations was intended to "avoid much delay and confusion" by reducing the number of places where passengers could transfer between local and express trains.
Nearby points of interest
Church of St. Paul the Apostle
Museum of Arts & Design
New York Institute of Technology
Professional Children's School
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Fordham University
Ridership
In 2019, the station had 23,040,650 boardings, making it the eighth most used station in the -station system. This amounted to an average of 72,959 passengers per weekday. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, ridership dropped drastically in 2020, with only 7,618,925 passengers entering the station that year. However, it was still the system's eighth most used station.
References
Further reading
External links
nycsubway.org – Whirls and Twirls Artwork by Sol Lewitt (2007)
nycsubway.org – Hello Columbus Artwork by the NYC Artists & Public School Students (1992)
Forgotten NY – Original 28 - NYC's First 28 Subway Stations
MTA's Arts For Transit – 59th Street–Columbus Circle
TurnStyle website
1904 establishments in New York City
1932 establishments in New York City
59th Street (Manhattan)
Broadway (Manhattan)
Subway
Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)
IND Eighth Avenue Line stations
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations
New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan
New York City interior landmarks
New York City Subway stations in Manhattan
New York City Subway stations located underground
New York City Subway transfer stations
Railway and subway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1904
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1932 |
4034512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona%20Supreme%20Court | Arizona Supreme Court | The Arizona Supreme Court is the state supreme court of the U.S. state of Arizona. Sitting in the Supreme Court building in downtown Phoenix, the court consists of a chief justice, a vice chief justice, and five associate justices. Each justice is appointed by the governor of Arizona from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission. Justices stand for retention in an election two years after their appointment and then every six years. They must retire at age 70.
Court history
The court started in 1912 with 3 justices. Alfred Franklin, Donald L. Cunningham, and Henry D. Ross took office on February 14, 1912 (Valentine's Day). In 1949, the Court expanded from 3 to 5 justices and from 5 to 7 justices in 2016.
The jurisdiction of the court is prescribed by Article VI, Section 5 of the Arizona Constitution. Most of the appeals heard by the court go through the Arizona Court of Appeals, except for death penalty cases, over which the Arizona Supreme Court has sole appellate jurisdiction. The court also has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances as outlined in the Arizona Constitution. A quorum is three, but the whole court must sit in order to declare a law unconstitutional.
Selection of justices
The Chief Justice is chosen for a five-year term by the court, and is eligible for re-election. They supervise the administration of all the inferior courts. They are Chairman of the Commission on Appellate Court Appointments, which nominates candidates to fill vacancies in the appellate courts. If the Governor fails to appoint one of the nominated candidates within sixty days of their names being submitted to her or him, the Chief Justice makes the appointment.
The Vice Chief Justice, who acts as Chief Justice in the latter's "absence or incapacity," is chosen by the court for a term determined by the court.
Justices are selected by a modified form of the Missouri Plan. A bipartisan commission considers applicants and sends a list of nominees to the governor. The governor is required by law to appoint from this list based on merit, without regard to party affiliation. Justices are then retained for an initial period, after which they are subject to a retention election. If the justice wins the election, his/her term is six years.
Qualifications
Admitted to the practice of law in Arizona and be a resident of Arizona for the 10 years before taking office;
May not practice law while a member of the judiciary;
May not hold any other political office or public employment;
May not hold office in any political party;
May not campaign, except for him/herself; and,
Must retire at age 70.
Justices
The current Arizona Supreme Court includes:
Chief Justices
Alfred Franklin (1912–1914, 1917)
Henry D. Ross (1915–1916, 1921–1922, 1927–1928, 1933–1934, 1939–1940, 1945)
Donald L. Cunningham (1918–1920)
Archibald G. McAlister (1923–1926, 1931–1932, 1937–1938, 1943–1944)
Alfred C. Lockwood (1929–1930, 1935–1936, 1941–1942)
Rawghlie Clement Stanford (1945–1948)
Arthur T. LaPrade (1949–1950, 1955–1956)
Levi Stewart Udall (1951–1952)
Rawghlie Clement Stanford (1953–1953)
Marlin T. Phelps (1954–1954, 1959)
Levi Stewart Udall (1957–1958)
Fred C. Struckmeyer Jr. (1960–1961, 1966, 1971, 1980–1981)
Charles C. Bernstein (1962–1963, 1967–1967)
Jesse Addison Udall (1964–1964, 1969)
Lorna E. Lockwood (1965–1965, 1970) (First female chief justice in the United States)
Ernest McFarland (1968–1968)
Jack D. H. Hays (1972–1974)
James Duke Cameron (1975–1979)
William A. Holohan (1982–1987)
Frank Gordon Jr. (1987–1992)
Stanley G. Feldman (1992–1997)
Thomas A. Zlaket (1997–2002)
Charles E. Jones (2002–2005)
Ruth McGregor (2005–2009)
Rebecca White Berch (2009–2014)
Scott Bales (2014–2019)
Robert M. Brutinel (2019–present)
See also
Arizona Bar Exam
Courts of Arizona
References
External links
Map:
Arizona Supreme Court Justices
Arizona Constitution, Article VI
Arizona Judicial Branch
Arizona
1912 establishments in Arizona
Courts and tribunals established in 1912 |
4034523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Year%202889%20%28film%29 | In the Year 2889 (film) | In the Year 2889 (also known as Year 2889) is a 1969 American made-for-television horror science fiction film from American International Pictures about the aftermath of a future nuclear war. The film stars Paul Petersen, Quinn O'Hara, Charla Doherty, Neil Fletcher and Hugh Feagin. AIP commissioned low-budget cult film auteur Larry Buchanan to produce and direct this film as a color remake of Roger Corman's 1956 film Day the World Ended.
Although not set in the year 2889, In the Year 2889s title is borrowed from a short story of the same title by Jules Verne and his son, Michael Verne. (The film however did not follow the Jules Verne story at all.) The screenplay was written for Buchanan by Harold Hoffman.
Plot
A nuclear war has wiped out most of Earth's population. The film follows a group of survivors who are holed up in a secluded valley and must protect themselves from rising radiation levels, mutants, and in some cases, each other.
Cast
Production
AIP gave Buchanan the script of the 1955 Corman film Day the World Ended, originally written by Lou Rusoff, to use for this film, resulting in an almost line-for-line, scene-for-scene remake.
This was Buchanan's fifth Azalea Productions film. It was made by AIP six years after the success of their 1961 Jules Verne adaptation Master of the World. Because this was an even lower budget remake of the earlier low budget Corman film, it needed a new title; AIP already had a registered title available (for a previously unmade Verne project), so it was used on the Buchanan film.
Release
In the Year 2889 was completed and released in 1967 as a made-for-television movie. All promotional materials, including the original listing in TV Guide, have the title as Year 2889, but the on-screen credits give the correct title.
AIP's 1950s special effects technician Paul Blaisdell, who handled the effects in the original AIP film Day the World Ended, happened to come across the film while channel surfing on a Saturday afternoon. He hadn't been told that all of his old AIP films had been remade in Color. He said "I recognized some of the dialogue coming out of the actors' mouths because it was a direct steal from Day the World Ended. I sat there...staring at it, and i just couldn't believe it. I was absolutely spellbound....It's just absolutely unbelievable that they (remade) those.... I don't want to know a damn thing about them. I hope I never see them. One was more than enough!"
Home media
In the Year 2889 was released on DVD by Retromedia Entertainment in 2004, packaged as a double feature with Buchanan's 1969 film 'It's Alive!'.
Reception
Paul Gaita from Allmovie called the film "threadbare and blandly executed", but also noted that the film's pacing, and performances were more professional than the director's previous efforts. Finishing his review, Gaita wrote, "No one will mistake this for a classic of the genre, or even one of Corman's titles, but for Buchanan completists and late movie devotees, it's a harmless and agreeable time-killer."
See also
List of American films of 1967
List of films in the public domain in the United States
References
External links
In the Year 2889 at AllMovie
1967 films
1960s science fiction films
American International Pictures films
Remakes of American films
Films about cannibalism
1960s English-language films
Films about nuclear war and weapons
Films set in the 29th century
American science fiction television films
American post-apocalyptic films
Films about World War III
1960s American films |
4034532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturzstrom | Sturzstrom | A Sturzstrom (from the German Sturz (fall) and Strom (stream, flow)) or rock avalanche is a large landslide consisting of soil and rock which travels a great horizontal distance (as much as 20 or 30 times) compared to its initial vertical drop. Sturzstroms have similarities to the flow of glaciers, mudflows, and lava flows. They flow across land fairly easily, and their mobility increases when volume increases. They have been found on other bodies in the Solar System, including the Moon, Mars, Venus, Io, Callisto, Iapetus, and Phobos.
Movement
Sturzstroms may be triggered, similarly to other types of landslides, by heavy rains, earthquakes, or volcanic activity. They move rapidly, but do not necessarily require water to be present to move, and there is no definite explanation for their kinematic characteristics. One theory, the acoustic fluidization theory, hypothesizes that vibrations caused by the collisions among the rock fragments reduce friction and allow the mass to travel great distances. Another theory involves air pockets forming under the slide and providing a cushion that the slide rides over with very low friction, although the merit of this theory has been called into question by the presence of sturzstroms in vacuums such as on the Moon and Phobos. Observation of slides on Iapetus suggests that tiny contact points between bits of ice debris may heat up considerably during the movement, causing melting and forming a more fluidand thus less friction-limitedmass of material.
The amount of energy in a sturzstrom is much higher than in a typical landslide. Once moving, it can ride over nearly any terrain and will cover much more horizontal ground than downward-sloped ground. Its momentum can even carry the sturzstrom up small hills. The process of detachment, movement and deposition of a sturzstrom can be recorded by seismometers tens of kilometers away. The peculiar characteristics of this seismic signal make it distinguishable from that of small earthquakes. In the large Köfels landslide, which flowed into the Ötztal valley in Tyrol, Austria, deposits of fused rocks, called "frictionite" (or "impactite", or "hyalomylonite"), were found in the landslide debris. This has been hypothesized to be volcanic in origin or the result of a meteorite impact, but the leading hypothesis is that it was due to the large amount of internal friction. Friction between static and moving rocks can create enough heat to fuse rocks to form frictionite.
See also
Slump
Rockslide
Pyroclastic flow
References
Landslides |
4034543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20of%20Sorrow%20%28film%29 | King of Sorrow (film) | King of Sorrow is a 2007 Canadian television film starring Kim Coates and Lara Daans; it was written, produced, and directed by Damian Lee. A psychological thriller and love story, it features the final filmed performance by Chris Penn.
Plot
A homicidal, drug-addicted policeman who suffered an abusive childhood develops a relationship with a suicidal psychiatrist.
Cast
Kim Coates as Steve Serrano
Lara Daans as Dani Brookes
Angela Asher as Dr. Dreyfus
Daniel Matmor as Frank Jennings
Stefano Pezzetta as Young Steve
Robert Van Dyke as Steve's Uncle
Nicole Robert as Old Prostitute
Robert Norman Smith as John Baker
Stephanie Moore as Julia Baker
Sadie LeBlanc as Blondie
Heidi von Palleske as Dr. Sally Champlain
Chris Penn as Detective Enola
External links
2007 television films
2007 films
2007 thriller films
Films directed by Damian Lee
Canadian thriller television films
Canadian thriller films
English-language Canadian films
Films produced by Damian Lee
Films about police officers
Films with screenplays by Damian Lee
2000s Canadian films |
4034544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20load | Body load | Body load is the specific physical or tactile sensations brought on by psychoactive drugs, especially psychedelics. Generally, body load is an unpleasant physical sensation that is difficult to describe objectively either in terms of other sensations or in its specific location. However, it could be likened to an instinct of the body sensing it is about to be placed under exceptional stress, a state of pre-shock. Common symptoms include stomach ache, nausea, dizziness, feelings of being over-stimulated or "wired," shivering, feelings of excessive tension in the torso, or, in more severe cases, shortness of breath or a feeling of suffocation. Different drugs may cause different body load sensations which vary in intensity and duration.
In contrast, many drug users, and particularly users of cannabis, entactogens like MDMA or of certain synthetic phenethylamines (most notably the popular 2C-B) and tryptamines, also often report a "body high" or "body rush", which is similar to body load in many respects but is usually considered pleasant.
Causes
The causes of the experience of body load are unknown. However, one proposed mechanism is the stimulation of serotonergic 5-HT receptors, particularly those involved in tactile sensation and, equally importantly in many cases where nausea is experienced, those located along the lining of the digestive tract. Serotonin is heavily involved in appetite control, and over-stimulation of serotonergic receptors has been shown to cause nausea in overdoses of SSRIs or MDMA. Many psychedelics which can cause body load are partial serotonin agonists, which work by mimicking the structure of serotonin to varying degrees.
References
Symptoms and signs |
4034547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho%20Garc%C3%ADa%20of%20Castile | Sancho García of Castile | Sancho García (died 5 February 1017), called of the Good Laws (in Spanish, el de los Buenos Fueros), was the count of Castile and Álava from 995 to his death.
Biography
Sancho was the son of count García Fernández and his wife Ava of Ribagorza, the daughter of Raymond I, Count of Pallars and Ribagorza. Sancho rebelled against his father with the support of Al-Mansur of Córdoba. This resulted in the partition of the county between father and son, and the county was not reunited until his father's death five years later. He renewed the Reconquista by rebelling against Almanzor, alongside García Gómez and their mutual cousin García Sánchez II of Pamplona. Sancho led the coalition that was defeated at the Battle of Cervera in July 1000, but in early September successfully turned back the Córdoban invasion of his county. Almanzor died in 1002, leaving the Caliphate of Córdoba in crisis. Sancho ruled for another 15 years. In 1010, he intervened in Ribagorza, bringing about an end to Muslim domination there and leading to the abdication of his aunt countess Toda, and the establishment of a partition between Castilian-educated William Isarn, illegitimate son of Toda's brother and predecessor count Isarn, and Raymond Sunyer of Pallars, husband of Sancho's sister Mayor. Following his death in 1017, he was succeeded by his own son García.
Count Sancho García was called El de los Fueros (literally, "He of the Rights" or "of the Charters"), because of the rights or charters which he granted to the various cities. In 1011, he founded the Monastery of San Salvador de Oña where he was buried.
Family and issue
Sancho married Urraca, whose parentage has not been found in contemporary records. However, based on them having given a daughter the name of a founder of the Banu Gómez clan, she has been identified as sister of rebel García Gómez and daughter of count Gómez Díaz of Saldaña by Sancho's aunt, Muniadona Fernández of Castile. They had:
Muniadona, eldest daughter, married Sancho III of Pamplona, through whom the right to the county eventually passed.
Ferdinand, died before 2 March 999
Tigridia, born about 998, abbess of the Monastery of San Salvador de Oña, which Sancho founded in 1011 for her to direct.
Sancha, in 1016 affianced at Zaragoza to Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona, and married him by 1021.
García, born in November 1009, who succeeded his father.
They may also have been parents of:
Urraca, who married before 1008 to Sancho VI William of Gascony and died childless in Bordeaux on 12 July 1041.
References
Bibliography
1017 deaths
11th-century people from the Kingdom of León
Counts of Spain
10th-century rulers in Europe
11th-century rulers in Europe
Year of birth unknown
House of Beni Mamaduna
Counts of Castile
Sons of emperors |
4034550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20social%20nudity%20organizations | List of social nudity organizations | The following is a list of social nudity organizations associated with naturism and nude recreation within a family-friendly, non-sexualized context.
Major naturist organizations
Worldwide
International Naturist Federation (INF) with regional member organizations in 34 countries.
North America
United States
The American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR) Main national nudist organization
American Nudist Research Library
The Naturist Society (TNS) Main national naturist organization
Tennessee's Associated Naturists Network (TANN)
Florida Young Naturists
Black Naturists Association (BNA)
Canada
Federation of Canadian Naturists (FCN)
FQN-FCN Union (Canada's official representative in the INF)
La Fédération Québécoise de Naturisme (FQN)
Europe
France
Association pour la promotion du naturisme en liberté (APNEL)
Germany
Deutscher Verband für Freikörperkultur
The Netherlands
Naturisten Federatie Nederland (NFN)
Spain
Federación Española de Naturismo (FEN)
Asociación Naturista Nudista de Andalucía (ANNA)
Asociación para el Desarrollo del Naturismo de la Comunidad de Madrid (ADN)
Asociación Naturista de Tenerife (NATURATEN)
Asociación Naturista de Galicia (NaturiGal)
Associació Club Català de Naturisme (CCN)
United Kingdom
British Naturism – National organization formerly known as CCBN (Central Council for British Naturism)
Naturist Action Group
Asia
Naturist Association Thailand, the national naturist organization in Thailand.
Topfree organizations
Topfree Equal Rights Association (TERA)
Outdoor Co-ed Topless Pulp Fiction Appreciation Society
Go Topless Day
Free the Nipple
References
External links
Where to be Naked in the World
Naked For Peace
Lists of organizations |
4034552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik%20Kafur | Malik Kafur | Malik Kafur (died 1316), also known as Taj al-Din Izz al-Dawla, was a prominent slave-general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He was captured by Alauddin's general Nusrat Khan during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat, and rose to prominence in the 1300s.
As a commander of Alauddin's forces, Kafur defeated the Mongol invaders in 1306. Subsequently, he led a series of expeditions in the southern part of India, against the Yadavas (1308), the Kakatiyas (1310), the Hoysalas (1311), and the Pandyas (1311). From these campaigns, he brought back many treasures, and many elephants and horses for the Delhi Sultanate.
From 1313 to 1315, Kafur served as Alauddin's governor of Devagiri. When Alauddin fell seriously ill in 1315, Kafur was recalled to Delhi, where he exercised power as Na'ib (viceroy). After Alauddin's death, he tried to usurp control by appointing Alauddin's minor son, Shihabuddin Omar, as a puppet monarch. Kafur's regency lasted for about a month, before he was assassinated by Alauddin's former bodyguards. Alauddin's elder son, Mubarak Shah, succeeded him as regent, and usurped power shortly afterward.
Early life and career
Kafur is described as of Hindu descent ("Marhatta", according to the 14th-century chronicler Isami). In his youth, Kafur was the slave of a wealthy Khwaja of Khambhat. He was an eunuch slave of great physical beauty, said to have been purchased by his original master for 1,000 dinars. This resulted in the epithet hazar-dinari. It is very unlikely that the price paid was actually 1,000 dinars; the description seems rather to be a metaphorical compliment to Kafur. Ibn Batuta (1304–1369) refers to Kafur by the epithet al-Alfi (the Arabic equivalent of hazar-dinari), again in reference to the price paid for him, but Ibn Batuta may be in error in stating that the epithet refers to a sum paid by the sultan (Alauddin) himself for Kafur.
Kafur was captured from the port city of Khambhat by Alauddin's general Nusrat Khan, during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat, and converted to Islam. Nusrat Khan presented him to Alauddin in Delhi. Nothing is known about Kafur's early career in Alauddin's service. According to Isami, Alauddin favoured Kafur because "his counsel had always proved appropriate and fit for the occasion". Kafur rose rapidly, mainly because of his proven ability as a wise counsellor and military commander. By 1306, Kafur held the rank of barbeg, used to designate a chamberlain who also served as a military commander. By 1309–1310, he held the iqta' (administrative grant) of Rapri.
Military career
In 1306, Alauddin sent an army led by Kafur to the Punjab to repulse a Mongol invasion by the Chagatai Khanate. The Mongol army had advanced to the Ravi River, ransacking the territories along the way. This army included three contingents, led by Kopek, Iqbalmand, and Tai-Bu. Kafur routed the Mongol army, with support from other commanders, including Malik Tughluq. Kafur was known by this time as Na'ib-i Barbak ("assistant master of ceremonies"). This may be the origin of his name Malik Na'ib, although some historians believe this relates instead to his later, and more important, role of Na'ib-i Sultan.
The 16th-century chronicler `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni also credits Kafur with leading Alauddin's army in the 1305 Battle of Amroha. This claim, however, is based on the erroneous identification of another officer, called Malik Nayak ( Malik Nanak), with Malik Kafur.
Kafur was then sent to the Deccan Plateau, as the commander of a series of great military raids that laid the foundations of Muslim power in that region. In 1307, Alauddin decided to invade the Yadava kingdom of Devagiri, whose king, Ramachandra, had discontinued tribute payments to Delhi for three or four years. Alauddin had originally intended to select another slave to lead this invasion: Malik Shahin, who was the governor of Chittor Fort. But Malik Shahin had fled, fearing a Vaghela resurgence in the neighbouring territory of Gujarat. Alauddin appointed Kafur instead.
Alauddin took measures to raise Kafur above all other officers. The royal canopy and the royal pavilion were sent with Kafur, and the officers were directed to pay their respects to Kafur daily and to take their orders from him. Kafur easily subjugated the Yadavas. Along with rich spoils, Kafur brought Ramachandra back to Delhi, where the Yadava king acknowledged Alauddin's suzerainty.
In 1309, Alauddin sent Kafur on an expedition to the Kakatiya kingdom. Kafur's army reached the Kakatiya capital, Warangal, in January 1310, and breached its outer fort after a month-long siege. The Kakatiya ruler, Prataparudra, surrendered and agreed to pay tribute. Kafur returned to Delhi in June 1310 with a huge amount of wealth obtained from the defeated king. The Koh-i-Noor diamond was said to be among the loot. Alauddin was very pleased with Kafur, and rewarded him generously.
In Warangal, Kafur had learned that the southernmost regions of India were also very wealthy. He obtained Alauddin's permission to lead an expedition there. The expedition set off on 19 October 1310, and reached the extremity of peninsular India. On 25 February 1311, Kafur besieged Dwarasamudra, the Hoysala capital, with 10,000 soldiers. The Hoysala king, Ballala, surrendered vast wealth as part of a truce negotiation, and agreed to pay an annual tribute to the Delhi Sultanate. From Dwarasamudra, Kafur proceeded to the Pandya kingdom, where he raided several places, obtaining much treasure and many elephants and horses. Kafur occupied Madurai on 24 April, and reached Delhi in triumph on 18 October 1311.
At court, Kafur seems to have excited the enmity of a faction led by Mahru, Alauddin's second wife; Khizr Khan, his eldest son by her; and Alp Khan, Mahru's brother, who was also Khizr Khan's father-in-law and the governor of Gujarat. In 1313, probably at his own request, Kafur led another expedition to Devagiri, when Ramachandra's successor Singhana (or Shankaradeva) refused to continue the tribute payments. Kafur subdued him, and annexed Devagiri to the Delhi Sultanate. Kafur remained in Devagiri as governor of the newly annexed territory for two years, until he was urgently summoned to Delhi when Alauddin's health began deteriorating. He had administered the territory with sympathy and efficiency.
As viceroy
Kafur ultimately rose to the position of Na'ib (viceroy), although the date of his appointment to this position is not known. In 1315, when Alauddin fell seriously ill, Kafur was recalled from Devagiri to Delhi. Kafur handed over charge of Devagiri to Ayn al-Mulk Multani.
During Alaudidn's last days, Kafur held the executive power. During this period, Alauddin became very distrustful of his other officers, and started concentrating power in the hands of his family and his slaves. He removed several experienced administrators, abolished the office of wazir (prime minister), and even executed the minister Sharaf Qa'ini. It appears that Kafur, who considered these officers his rivals and a threat, convinced Alauddin to carry out this purge. Alauddin had greater trust in Kafur than other officers because, unlike the other officers, Kafur had no family or followers. According to Isami, during the final days of Alauddin's reign, Kafur allowed no one to see the sultan, and became de facto ruler of the Sultanate.
Relationship with Alauddin
Kafur had been captured by Khalji forces in 1299, and had caught the fancy of Alauddin. A deep emotional bond developed between the two. During his reign (even before his illness), Alauddin was infatuated with Kafur, distinguishing him above all his other friends and helpers, and Kafur held the highest place in his esteem. Regarding the time when Alauddin was ill, the chronicler Ziauddin Barani (1285–1357) states:
Based on Barani's description, several scholars including Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai among others believe that Alauddin and Kafur were in a homosexual relationship. Historian Banarsi Prasad Saksena states that Alauddin was infatuated with Kafur during the last years of his reign, but believes that the closeness between the two was not sexual.
Murder of Alp Khan
Kafur's hold on power was threatened by Alp Khan, an influential noble whose two daughters were married to Alauddin's sons, Khizr Khan (the heir apparent) and Shadi Khan. Kafur convinced Alauddin to order the killing of Alp Khan in the royal palace. He also had Khizr Khan first banished from court to Amroha, and then imprisoned in Gwalior, and had Khizr's brother Shadi Khan imprisoned. According to stories that circulated as far as Persia, Khizr Khan, his mother and Alp Khan had hatched a conspiracy to poison Alauddin, so that Khizr Khan could be appointed as the new Sultan, but Alauddin was able to execute them all before he died. This story was corroborated to some extent by Ibn Battuta. The story may just have been Kafur's propaganda.
Next, Kafur convened a meeting of important officers at Alauddin's bedside. At this meeting, Alauddin's six-year-old son Shihabuddin was declared the new heir apparent, and it was decided that Kafur would act as his regent after Alauddin's death. According to Isami, Alauddin was too weak to speak during the meeting, but his silence was taken as consent.
The officers supportive of Kafur included Kamal al-Din "Gurg", whose family came from Kabul. It appears that Kafur and other officers of non-Turkic origin allied to counter the Khalaj establishment of the Sultanate.
As regent
When Alauddin died, on the night of 4 January 1316, Kafur brought his body from the Siri Palace and had it buried in the mausoleum that had been built before Alauddin's death. Barani claims that, according to "some people", Kafur murdered Alauddin.
The day after Alauddin's death, Kafur convened a meeting of important officers and nobles in the palace. There, he read out a will of the late sultan that named Shihabuddin as his successor while disinheriting Khizr Khan, and then seated Shihabuddin on the throne as the new Sultan. As regent, Kafur held power for a short time—35 days, according to Barani; 1 month, according to Isami; and 25 days, according to the 16th-century historian Firishta. During this period, he held a daily ceremonial court in the morning at the Hazar Sutun Palace. After the short ceremony, Kafur would send Shihabuddin to his mother, and dismiss the courtiers. He would then meet the officers in his chambers on the ground floor, and issue various orders. He ordered the ministries of revenue, secretariat, war, and commerce to maintain the laws and regulations established by Alauddin. The officers of the ministries were asked to consult Kafur on all policy matters.
Kafur took several actions to maintain his control over the throne. Before burying Alauddin, he had taken the royal ring from the Sultan's finger. He gave this ring to his general, Sumbul, and asked him to march to Gwalior and take control of the fort, using the ring as a symbol of royal authority. He asked Sumbul to send the fort's governor to Delhi, and ordered Sumbul to return to Delhi after blinding Khizr Khan, who had been imprisoned in Gwalior. Sumbul carried out these orders, and was appointed Amir-i Hijab(Commander of the Faithful) as a reward. On his first day as regent, Kafur also ordered his barber to blind Khizr Khan's uterine brother Shadi Khan. This incident intensified resentment of Kafur among the Turkic nobles. Kafur deprived Alauddin's senior queen, who bore the title Malika-i Jahan, of all her property, and later imprisoned her at Gwalior fort. He also imprisoned Mubarak Shah, another adult son of Alauddin. According to Firishta, Kafur married Alauddin's widow Jhatyapalli, the mother of Shihabuddin. Becoming the new Sultan's step-father was probably Kafur's way of legitimizing his power.
Alp Khan's murder had led to a rebellion in Gujarat, and Kafur had sent Kamal al-Din "Gurg" to suppress it. Meanwhile, Kafur summoned the Devagiri governor, Ayn al-Mulk Multani, to Delhi with all his soldiers. While Multani was on his way, Kamal al-Din was killed in Gujarat. Kafur then appointed Multani as governor of Gujarat, and asked him to march there to suppress the rebellion. The rebellion could be suppressed only after Kafur's death.
Death
Alauddin's former bodyguards (paiks) disapproved of Kafur's actions against the family of their deceased master. Led by Mubashshir, Bashir, Saleh, and Munir, these bodyguards decided to kill Kafur. When Kafur became suspicious of a conspiracy against him, he summoned Mubashshir to his room. Mubashshir, who had been permitted to carry arms in the royal quarters since Alauddin's day, wounded Kafur with his sword. His associates then entered the room and beheaded Kafur, also killing two or three gatekeepers who had attempted to protect him. This event took place sometime in February 1316.
According to an account cited by the 16th-century chronicler Firishta, Kafur had sent some paiks to blind Mubarak Shah, but the captive prince gave them his jeweled necklace and convinced them to kill Kafur instead. Another legend attributes Kafur's death to his mother's prayers to the mystic Shaikhzada Jam. These accounts are latter-day fabrications. According to Barani's near-contemporary account, the paiks decided to kill Kafur on their own initiative.
Kafur's killers freed Mubarak Shah, who was appointed as the new regent. A few months later, Mubarak Shah usurped control by blinding Shihabuddin. Kafur's killers claimed credit for making him king, and began demanding high positions in the royal court. Instead, Mubarak Shah had them executed.
The chronicler Barani was severely critical of Kafur. Historian Abraham Eraly, however, believes that Barani's criticism of Kafur is not credible as Barani was deeply prejudiced against Kafur, presumably because of Kafur's non-Turkic, Hindu origins and eunuch status.
Tomb
The location of Kafur's grave is unknown today. His mausoleum existed in the 14th century, when it was repaired by Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq (r. 1351–1388). Firuz Shah's autobiography Futuhat-i-Firuzshahi states:
Popular culture
In the 2018 Bollywood film Padmaavat, Malik Kafur is portrayed by Jim Sarbh.
References
Bibliography
Alauddin Khalji
Military history of India
Converts to Islam from Hinduism
Indian Muslims
1316 deaths |
4034555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix%20Christian%20Preparatory%20School | Phoenix Christian Preparatory School | Phoenix Christian Preparatory School is a private, non-denominational Christian school located in Central Phoenix. It was the first Christian high school in the state of Arizona when it was founded.
History
Founded as Old Paths Christian School in 1912, the school was incorporated in 1949 as Phoenix Christian High School, it is a college preparatory. It moved to its current location on Indian School Road a couple of years later.
For most of its history, the school operated as a four year high school. Enrollment at the time was at about 400 to 450 students. In the early 1990s, the junior high school was added, and in 2003, the adjacent Light and Life grade school, previously operated by the Free Methodist church on 18th Avenue, was merged with the high school, forming one system known as Phoenix Christian Unified Schools.
Demographics
The demographic breakdown of the 380 students enrolled in grades K-12 (NCES does not track demographic information for pre-K students) during the 2013–14 school year was:
Native American/Alaskan - 0.5%
Asian/Pacific islanders - 13.1%
Black - 26.1%
Hispanic - 29.2%
White - 31.1%
Notable alumni
Steve Green, a gospel singer
Beneth Alice Peters Jones, wife of Bob Jones III
Tim Rattay, NFL quarterback
Vonda Kay Van Dyke, 1965 Miss America
References
External links
Christian schools in Arizona
High schools in Phoenix, Arizona
Educational institutions established in 1912
1912 establishments in Arizona |
4034558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1983 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | John McEnroe defeated Chris Lewis in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1983 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon singles title and fifth major singles title overall.
Jimmy Connors was the defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Kevin Curren. Lewis became the first New Zealander to reach a major singles final.
Seeds
Jimmy Connors (fourth round)
John McEnroe (champion)
Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
Guillermo Vilas (first round)
Mats Wilander (third round)
Gene Mayer (withdrew)
José Luis Clerc (first round)
Vitas Gerulaitis (second round)
Steve Denton (first round)
Jimmy Arias (withdrew)
Johan Kriek (third round)
Kevin Curren (semifinals)
Brian Gottfried (fourth round)
Bill Scanlon (fourth round)
Hank Pfister (second round)
Tim Mayotte (quarterfinals)
Gene Mayer and Jimmy Arias withdrew due to injury. They were replaced in the draw by lucky loser Bruce Kleege and Qualifier Scott Davis respectively.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1983 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20H.%20Coffman%20Jr. | James H. Coffman Jr. | Colonel James Henry Coffman Jr. (born 1954) is a U.S. Army officer who was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for valorous conduct while serving as an advisor with the Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq attached to the Iraqi Special Police Commandos in Mosul, Iraq in 2004.
Early life and education
Coffman grew up in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1978. Coffman subsequently earned a Master of Science degree in National Security Affairs from the Naval Postgraduate School. He was also a U.S. Army Fellow at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and attended the Boston University Overseas Program for Master of Science in International Relations in Vicenza, Italy. In the course of his formal education Coffman has authored papers on ethnic conflict in the post-Cold War world.
Iraq war counter-insurgency activities
Coffman served during the US occupation of Iraq. While working as a civilian advisor, his unit was attacked on November 14, 2004. During this attack, he was commended for the leadership he provided his troops while outnumbered against a group of Iraqi insurgents. He continued fighting even after an enemy round shattered his shooting hand, continuing to fire with his other hand. After reinforcements arrived, Coffman refused to exit the battle despite his injuries. He was award the Distinguished Service Cross for these actions.
Coffman worked as a civilian adviser to train the Special Police Commandos; a paramilitary unit known as the Wolf Brigade that was later accused by a UN official of torture and murder, and which was also implicated in the use of death squads. The Wolf Brigade was created and supported by the US and it enabled the redeployment of Saddam Hussein's Republican Guard but with the new task of terrorising those connected with the Iraqi insurgency. This was part of the US drive to use "dirty tactics" against insurgents in Iraq, a counterinsurgency doctrine known as "fighting terror with terror," and one that had previously been exercised by the US in other theaters, including Vietnam and El Salvador.
Coffman worked closely with Steele advising Iraqi Special Police Commandos during Multi-National Security Transition Command operations, and who has also been implicated in human rights abuses of Iraqi detainees. Coffman reported directly to General David Petraeus and worked alongside Steele in detention centers that were set up with US funding.
General Muntadher al-Samari, Iraqi interior ministry commander from 2003 to 2005, revealed the US role in torture carried out by the Special Commandos' interrogation units, claiming that Steele and Coffman knew exactly what was being done. Al-Samari described "the ugliest sorts of torture" he had ever seen, which included the severe beating and hanging of detainees, as well the pulling off of their fingernails. The Guardian report also claimed that the US backing of sectarian paramilitary units helped create conditions that led to sectarian civil war.
Awards and decorations
Coffman has been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Bronze Star Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters, Joint Service Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Combat Infantryman Badge, Expert Infantryman Badge, Special Forces Tab and the Ranger tab.
See also
Battle of Mosul
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
United States Military Academy alumni
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
United States Army colonels
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War |
4034562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk%20Road%20%28disambiguation%29 | Silk Road (disambiguation) | The Silk Road is a number of trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass.
Silk Road may also refer to:
Art, entertainment, and media
Films and television
The Silk Road (Japanese TV series), a 1980 documentary produced by Japan's NHK
The Silk Road (film), a 1988 Japanese film
The Maritime Silk Road (film), a 2011 Iranian movie
The Silk Road (UK TV series), a 2016 documentary by the BBC, in 3 episodes, presented by Sam Willis
Silk Road (film), about the online marketplace of the same name
Games
Silkroad Online, a 2005 free multiplayer online game
Literature
Silk Road, a novel by Jeanne Larsen
Silk Road, a book by Eileen Ormsby of All Things Vice
Silk Road, 2011 book written by Colin Falconer (writer)
The Silk Roads: A New History of the World, 2015 book written by Peter Frankopan
The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith, 2004 book written by Susan Whitfield
Silk Roads. Peoples, Cultures, Landscapes., 2019 book written by Susan Whitfield
Music
Silk Road (album), a 1997 album by Art Farmer
Silk Road, for string quartet Tan Dun
Silk Road Fantasia, Zhao Jiping
Silk Road, album by Kitarō
Silk Road Suite, a 1996 musical compositions by Kitarō for the NHK documentary series
"Silk Road", song by Rick Ross from Black Market (Rick Ross album)
Theater
Silk Road Rising, a theater company in downtown Chicago
Organizations and commerce
Silk Road (marketplace), anonymous online black market (Tor hidden service) best known for the illegal drug trade, shut down in 2013
Silk Road Project, a non-profit organization initiated by cellist Yo-Yo Ma
SilkRoad, Inc., a multinational corporation that provides human resources software services
Other
Silk Road disease, an inflammatory disorder
See also
Maritime Silk Road (disambiguation)
New Silk Road (disambiguation)
Silk Route (disambiguation)
Silk Way (disambiguation)
Belt and Road Initiative |
4034567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonshine%20Festival | Sonshine Festival | Sonshine Festival was a Christian music festival held annually, starting in 1982 in Willmar, Minnesota and continuing in that location through 2014. That same year, festival organizers announced its relocation to Somerset, Wisconsin for 2015 onward because of an inability to attract sufficient people to the original location.
A member of the Christian Festival Association, Sonshine has featured Christian musical artists from around the world. In 2012, the Newsboys recorded their live album Newsboys Live in Concert: God's Not Dead at the festival. Since 2014, Sonshine is produced by Creation Festivals. Citing financial reasons, Sonshine 2017 was postponed, with "hope and desire to see [it] return in 2018", according to the festival's webpage. The festival is indefinitely on hiatus, awaiting the advent of new financial backers.
References
External links
Official Website
History of Sonshine Music Festival, a documentary produced by Pioneer Public Television
Christian music festivals
Music festivals established in 1982
Music festivals in Minnesota |
4034589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20Link%20International%20Aviation%20College | Air Link International Aviation College | Air Link International Aviation College, also referred to by its acronym ALIAC or simply as Air Link, is a private, aviation-oriented educational institution located at the General Aviation Area of the Domestic Airport in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines.
The main campus features 28 aircraft, single and twin-engined, and a hangar next to a classroom building. Another campus, located on the island of Lubang, Occidental Mindoro, provides facilities for intensive training for both flying and ground students.
History
ALIAC was founded in 1982 by Captain Geronimo Amurao, a Philippine Airlines pilot, when he established a small flying school which he called the "Amurao Flying School". In 1984, this small aviation school grew to become the "Air Link International Aviation School" under the stewardship of Capt. Amurao, with the help of his wife, Dr. Myrna Tan Vallecer-Amurao. In April 2003, its name was amended to "Air Link International Aviation College". In 2017, Atty. Gomeriano V. Amurao became the new Managing Chairman and President of ALIAC.
Academic programs
The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) recognize ALIAC's academic programs. The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) certifies that ALIAC is an Approve Training Organization for Flight Training and Aircraft Maintenance. Aircraft frames and power plants are available for ALIAC students to work on, dismantle and assemble in the laboratories under the direct supervision of duly licensed personnel.
References
Universities and colleges in Metro Manila
Education in Pasay
Educational institutions established in 1984
Aviation schools in the Philippines
Air_Link_International_Aviation_College_(Philippines) |
4034594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybosoridae | Hybosoridae | Hybosoridae, sometimes known as the scavenger scarab beetles, is a family of scarabaeiform beetles. The 690 species in 97 genera occur widely in the tropics, but little is known of their biology.
Hybosorids are small, 5–7 mm in length and oval in shape. Color ranges from a glossy light brown to black. They are distinctive for their large mandibles and labrum, and their 10-segmented antennae, in which the 8th antennomore of the club is deeply grooved and occupied by the 9th and 10th antennomeres. The legs have prominent spurs.
The larvae have the C-shape and creamy white appearance typical of the scarabaeiforms. The 4-segmented legs are well-developed; the front legs are used to stridulate by rubbing against the margin of the epipharynx, a habit unique to this family.
Adults are known to feed on invertebrate and vertebrate carrion, with some found in dung. Larvae have been found in decomposing plant material. Little more is known of their life histories.
The group has been long recognized as distinct, primarily because of the larval characteristics, either as a distinct family or as a subfamily of Scarabaeidae.
Genera
Acanthocerodes c g
Adraria c g
Aegidiellus c g
Aegidinus c g
Aegidium c g
Afrocloetus c g
Allidiostoma c g
Anaides c g
Aneilobolus c g
Anopsiostes c g
Antiochrus c g
Apalonychus c g
Aporolaus c g
Araeotanypus c g
Astaenomoechus c g
Aulisostes c g
Baloghianestes c g
Besuchetostes c g
Brenskea c g
Callophilharmostes c g
Callosides c g
Carinophilharmostes c g
Celaenochrous c g
Ceratocanthoides c g
Ceratocanthopsis c g
Ceratocanthus White, 1842 i c g b
Chaetodus c g
Chaetophilharmostes c g
Cloeotus c g
Coilodes c g
Congomostes c g
Cryptogenius c g
Cryptophilharmostes c g
Cryptosphaeroides c g
Cyphopisthes c g
Daimothoracodes c g
Dicraeodon c g
Ebbrittoniella c g
Eusphaeropeltis c g
Germarostes Paulian, 1982 i c g b
Glyptogermarostes c
Goudotostes c g
Hapalonychoides c g
Hybochaetodus c g
Hybosoroides c g
Hybosorus MacLeay, 1819 i c g b
Hypseloderus c g
Ivieolus c g
Kuijtenous c g
Liparochrus c g
Macrophilharmostes c
Madrasostes c g
Martinezostes c g
Melanophilharmostes c g
Metachaetodus c g
Microphaeochroops c g
Microphaeolodes c g
Mimocoelodes c g
Nesopalla c g
Oxymorostes c g
Pachyplectrus LeConte, 1874 i c g b
Pantolasius c g
Paraegidium c g
Parallidiostoma c g
Paulianostes c g
Perignamptus c g
Petrovitzostes c g
Phaeochridius c g
Phaeochroops c g
Phaeochrous c g
Phaeocroides c g
Philharmostes c g
Pseudopterorthochaetes c g
Pseudosynarmostes c g
Pterorthochaetes c g
Scarabaeinus c g
Scarabatermes c g
Seleucosorus c g
Synarmostes c g
Totoia c g
Trachycrusus c g
Xenocanthus c g
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
Extinct genera
Subfamily Anaidinae Nikolajev 1996
†Crassisorus Nikolajev et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Cretanaides Nikolajev 1996
†Protanaides Nikolajev 2010 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
Subfamily Ceratocanthinae Martinez 1968
Tribe Ivieolini Howden and Gill 2000
†Mesoceratocanthus Nikolajev et al. 2010 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
Subfamily Hybosorinae Erichson 1847
†Cretohybosorus Nikolajev 1999 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
†Fortishybosorus Yan et al. 2013 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Jurahybosorus Nikolajev 2005 Bayan Teg, Mongolia, Bajocian, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
†Leptosorus Nikolajev 2006 Jiufotang Formation, China, Aptian, Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
†Protohybosorus Nikolajev 2010 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
Subfamily †Mimaphodiinae Nikolajev 2007
†Mimaphodius Nikolajev 2007 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
Subfamily Liparochrinae Ocampo 2006
†Libanochrus Kirejtshuk et al. 2011 Lebanese amber, Barremian
†Coprologus Heer 1847 Upper Freshwater-Molasse Formation, Germany, Miocene
†Procoilodes Ocampo 2002 Dominican amber, Miocene
†Pulcherhybosorus Yan et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Sinochaetodus Lu et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Sinohybosorus Nie et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†Tyrannasorus Ratcliffe and Ocampo 2001 Dominican amber, Miocene
References
Mary Liz Jameson, "Hybosoridae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2002), vol. 2
Scarabaeiformia
Beetle families |
4034596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Supreme%20Court | Arkansas Supreme Court | The Supreme Court of Arkansas is the highest court in the state judiciary of Arkansas. It has ultimate and largely discretionary appellate jurisdiction over all state court cases that involve a point of state law, and original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases. The Supreme Court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Arkansas Constitution. It is also able to strike down gubernatorial directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction.
Established by Article Five of the 1836 Constitution, the Supreme Court was composed of three judges, to include a chief justice, elected to eight-year terms by the General Assembly. As later set by Act 205 of 1925, it consists of the Chief Justice of Arkansas and six associate justices. Justices are elected in non-partisan elections to eight-year terms, staggered to make it unlikely the Court would be replaced in a single election. Vacancies are filled by gubernatorial appointment.
When a vacancy occurs, the governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints a new justice. Each justice has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before the Court. When in majority, the chief justice decides who writes the opinion of the court; otherwise, the most senior justice in the majority assigns the task of writing the opinion.
The Court meets in the Supreme Court Building in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Membership
There are currently seven justices on the Supreme Court: Chief Justice Dan Kemp and six associate justices.
Further reading
Distinguishing the Righteous from the Roguish: The Arkansas Supreme Court, 1836–1874 by J. W. Looney, 2016, University of Arkansas Press
References
External links
1836 establishments in Arkansas
Arkansas state courts
Courts and tribunals established in 1836
Ark |
4034606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Milbradt | Georg Milbradt | Georg Milbradt (born 23 February 1945) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Minister-President of Saxony from 2002 to 2008.
Early life
Milbradt was born in Eslohe. His family originally was from Wągrowiec (Wongrowitz) near Poznań (Posen) but ended up in Dortmund after World War II, and he passed his Abitur there in 1964. From 1964 to 1968, Milbradt studied economics, law, and mathematics at the University of Münster. He graduated with a degree in economics in 1968. From 1970 to 1980, he was scientific assistant at the institute for finance at the University of Münster, where he obtained his doctoral degree (Dr. rer. pol., summa cum laude) in 1973 and his habilitation in 1980. From 1980 to 1983, Milbradt worked as substitute professor of finance and political economics at the University of Mainz; since 1985 he holds the title of an (unsalaried) professor at the economics faculty in Münster.
Political career
Milbradt has been a member of the CDU since 1973. He was head of the finance department of the city of Münster from 1983 to 1990 and then Minister of Finance of Saxony from 1990 to January 2001, but was dismissed from office by Minister-President Kurt Biedenkopf because Milbradt had started a debate about Biedenkopf's succession. Milbradt served as member of the state board of the CDU from 1991 and became deputy chairman of the state CDU in 1999 and chairman in 2001. From 1994 until 2009, he was a member of the Landtag of the Free State of Saxony.
On 18 April 2002, Milbradt was elected as Minister-President of Saxony despite Biedenkopf's explicit opposition. Milbradt first governed with an absolute CDU majority, but in a coalition with the SPD after the state elections of 19 September 2004, in which the CDU lost a large number of votes.
In April 2008 Milbradt announced that he would resign from the office by the end of May and that Stanislaw Tillich would succeed him. He had been under pressure for months because of his involvement in the liquidity crisis of the government's Sachsen LB bank. Milbradt has also been criticized for private loans from the bank during his time as Minister of Finance in Saxony; in April 2008, the state government confirmed that Milbradt and his wife had borrowed a total of around €172,000 ($272,000) between 1996 and 1999 to help purchase around €360,000 in investment fund products from a subsidiary of the bank.
Life after politics
In 2010, Milbradt and former Mayor of Hannover Herbert Schmalstieg served as arbitrators to mediate in a wage dispute between the German United Services Trade Union (ver.di) and the country's public sector employers. He later successfully mediated in a similar conflict between train operator ODEG and the German Train Drivers' Union (GDL) in 2011. In 2015, the Association of Local Government Employers (VKA) appointed Milbradt as its negotiator in a dispute with employees of day nurseries in Germany; again, Schmalstieg served as his counterpart in the talks.
As a delegate of the Catholic Church in Germany, Milbradt was one of the members of the country's temporary National Commission on the Disposal of Radioactive Waste from 2014 and 2016. From 2015 until 2016, he served on a government-appointed commission tasked with recommending how to safeguard the funding of fulfilling Germany's exit from nuclear energy, under the leadership of co-chairs Ole von Beust, Matthias Platzeck and Jürgen Trittin. He was a CDU delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 and 2022.
Since 2017, Milbradt has been serving as the German government's special envoy for the Ukrainian reform agenda.
Other activities
HHL Foundation, Chairman of the Board
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Member of the Board of Trustees
Forum of Federations, Member of the Board (2010-2013), Chairman of the Board (from 2013)
Deutsche Bank, Member of the Advisory Board (2004-2006)
Milbradt oversees the Schüler Helfen Leben initiative.
Recognition
2009 – Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2004 – Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria
2002 – Order of Merit of the Free State of Saxony
Personal life
Milbradt is married to Angelika Meeth-Milbradt, a professor of economics, since 1975. They have two children.
Works
Die demographische Herausforderung. Sachsens Zukunft gestalten, by Georg Milbradt and Johannes Meier, Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2004,
Kraft der Visionen, by Georg Milbradt and Thomas Rietzschel, Kiepenheuer, 2003,
References
Mühlbradt, Max: Das Geschlecht Milbradt (Milbrandt, Mildebrath, Milbrath, Milbrod, Mühlbrecht, Mühlbradt). Nachfahrentafeln. Landsberg an der Warthe: Selbstverlag des Verfassers 1934.
Ulrich Brümmer: Parteien und Wahlen in Sachsen, Wiesbaden 2006,
External links
Official homepage
1945 births
Living people
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz faculty
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Members of the Landtag of Saxony
Politicians from Dortmund
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Free State of Saxony
Ministers-President of Saxony
University of Münster faculty |
4034614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaly%20Mam | Somaly Mam | Somaly Mam ( ; born 1970 or 1971) is a Cambodian anti-trafficking advocate who focuses primarily on sex trafficking. From 1996 to 2014, Mam was involved in campaigns against sex trafficking. She set up the Somaly Mam Foundation, raised money, appeared on major television programs, and spoke at many international events.
After allegations of lying had appeared in The Cambodia Daily in 2012 and 2013, Newsweek ran a cover-story in May 2014 claiming that Mam had fabricated stories of abuse about herself and others. After the Somaly Mam Foundation undertook its own investigation through Goodwin Procter, a Boston-based law firm, she resigned from her position and the foundation shut down in October 2014. She moved back to live in Cambodia before returning to the US later that year to begin new fundraising activities.
Early life
Mam was born to a tribal minority family in Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia. In her memoir, The Road of Lost Innocence, she states that she was born in either 1970 or 1971.
Mam was investigated by a journalist working in Cambodia, and his allegations that key parts of her early life were false was carried by Newsweek in May 2014. Mam resigned from the Somaly Mam Foundation shortly thereafter. An investigation by Marie Claire magazine came to a different conclusion, finding witnesses that supported Mam's story and contradicted Newsweek's allegations.
In her book Mam said she attended school in Cambodia, but did not graduate. According to the Newsweek article, Mam did graduate and found two students and a teacher to support their claims, but Marie Claire quotes the school director remembering she attended only three years of school.
Mam said that she was abused by her "grandfather" until she was approximately 14 and that she was sold to a brothel and forced into prostitution and that she was also forced to marry a stranger. She has claimed that she was forced to prostitute herself on the streets and made to have sex with five or six clients per day.
Mam left Cambodia for Paris in 1993 where she married a French citizen, Pierre Legros. They divorced in 2008.
Charity and achievements
Mam served as an untrained healthcare worker with Médecins Sans Frontières and, in her spare time, handed out condoms, soap, and information to women in the brothels. In 1996, she co-founded AFESIP (Agir pour les Femmes en Situation Precaire or "Acting for Women in Distressing Situations"), a Cambodian NGO dedicated to rescuing, housing and rehabilitating women and children in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam who have been sexually exploited. AFESIP conducts outreach work to try helping the women still enslaved. The organization also works with law enforcement to raid the brothels. The company has locations in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
In June 2007, Mam co-founded the Somaly Mam Foundation, a nonprofit organization formed in the United States that supported anti-trafficking groups and helped women and girls who had been forced into sexual slavery. The Somaly Mam Foundation (SMF) attracted the support of U.S. business leaders and Hollywood stars. SMF was the global fundraising arm of Somaly Mam's Phnom Penh-based AFESIP.
After the May 2014 Newsweek article questioning Mam's claims, the Somaly Mam Foundation undertook its own investigation by Goodwin Procter, a Boston-based law firm. Mam resigned from her position and later the foundation shut down in October 2014. In January 2015, Mam and former operations director of SMF Rigmor Schneider launched a New Somaly Mam Fund as a funding source for AFESIP. In 2016, a new charity, Together1heart, became the primary fundraising vehicle for AFESIP. Actress AnnaLynne McCord serves as CEO of Together1Heart. Posts on the group's Facebook page suggest that Mam is still heavily involved, and McCord insists that Mam is a "survivor" and appears to absolve her of wrongdoing, while stating that neither Together1heart nor AFESIP has made changes as a result of the 2014 public relations crisis.
Scrutiny of Mam's stories
Scrutiny of Mam's story began with comments she made at the United Nations. Speaking on a United Nations panel to member states, international aid organizations and the media in New York on April 3, Mam stated that eight girls had been killed after her organization AFESIP conducted a high-profile raid on a massage parlor at the Chai Hour II Hotel in Phnom Penh, where 83 women and girls were taken and placed in her refuge center. Somaly Mam has since admitted that this was "inaccurate" and that the Cambodian army had not killed eight girls.
On 25 April 2012, the Cambodia Daily newspaper reported Mam's ex-husband and one-time AFESIP director Pierre Legros, saying that Mam had misrepresented an incident involving their daughter in 2004. Mam had long claimed that the teenager was kidnapped and raped by human traffickers in retaliation for her raid on the Chai Hour II Hotel. In her 2007 autobiography, Mam wrote that the people involved in the kidnapping of her daughter were released from jail, though a trial was pending. Legros said their daughter was not kidnapped, but had run away with her boyfriend, and that in his view the abduction story was a means of "marketing for the Somaly Mam Foundation". The U.S. Ambassador at the time, Joseph Mussomeli, wrote in a diplomatic cable in 2004 that Mam claimed that Mam's daughter had been "lured by her peers" to Battambang Province and that she was later found in a night club there in the company of three men who were arrested and charged with trafficking. Cambodian officials told the newspaper they had no record of such events.
In October 2013, the Cambodia Daily alleged a further deception took place in January 1998, when Mam was propelled into the international media spotlight largely owing to the on-camera testimony of the young Meas Ratha and other alleged victims of Cambodia's child sex industry. Mam's work as president of AFESIP was being featured on French television as part of the popular weekly show Envoyé spécial. Ratha, then a teenager of about 14 years from Takeo province, told a story of sexual slavery in an unspecified brothel somewhere in Phnom Penh. Sixteen years later, Ratha (now 32 years old and married) told the newspaper that her testimony for the France 2 channel was fabricated and scripted for her by Mam as a means of drumming up support for the organization. Ratha said, "The video that you see, everything that I put in is not my story."
On 1 June 2015 the Phnom Penh Post, in an article based on recently released State Department cables, revealed that the United States government "...knew about the now-infamous deceptions and malpractice within organisations run by Somaly Mam for years prior to the media exposés". The article cites a cable titled Somaly Mam Under Microscope sent to the State Department from the US embassy in Phnom Penh on May 8, 2012. Speaking of Mam's claim that her daughter was abducted in 2006 in revenge for an Afesip raid on a Phnom Penh brothel in 2004, the cable says: “Ms Mam has made this claim on numerous occasions despite having reported to post [the embassy] at the time of the incident that the girl was not kidnapped but rather lured by her peers from Phnom Penh to Battambang”. The embassy cable quoted sources in the anti-trafficking community in Phnom Penh as saying that Mam was “rotten to the core,” but as having made a “strategic decision to remain silent on concerns about Afesip’s accounting systems and general lack of financial controls to avoid putting … other anti-[trafficking] NGOs ‘at risk’”.
Resignation
On May 28, 2014, after the Newsweek exposé, and receiving the report from lawyers, Mam resigned from the Somaly Mam Foundation. In late 2014, Mam returned to New York, hoping to restore her reputation and launched a public relations campaign, hiring publicity firm Jonathan Marder & Company. Mam protested her innocence in a September 2014 interview in Marie Claire, and launched the New Somaly Mam Fund soon after.
In October 2014 the Cambodian government announced that Mam would be prohibited from operating an NGO, but days later appeared to withdraw the prohibition. By December 2014 she was accepting donations for a new NGO with headquarters in Texas, "The New Somaly Mam Fund: Voices for Change". As was the case with her previous venture, US actress Susan Sarandon was recruited to serve on the board of the charity. "I hope that chapter is closed. I am very comfortable that what she is saying is the truth. The new organization will not rescue women and girls but collaborate with other NGOs to rehabilitate and educate them once they are free so they can find jobs", the co-founder of the 'fund', Rigmor Schneider told a reporter, and explained plans to operate two residential centres. "Basically what we're looking for now is funding."
On October 9, 2014, in an interview in Global Post, Mam's ex-husband and co-founder of AFESIP Pierre Legros said: "When you work in this world, you know fabricated stories are used by everyone to get funding." He was more concerned about "mismanagement and sexual abuse allegations within a shelter in 2006." He said that he wished "to denounce the logic of a failing system praising 'development'."
Honors and awards
(Newest first)
The Guardian Top 100 Women: Activists and Campaigners, 2011
The Daily Beast Women in the World, 2011
TIME magazine's 100 most influential people, with the accompanying article written by actress Angelina Jolie, 2009
World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child in Sweden for her "dangerous struggle" to defend the rights of children in Cambodia. (2008)
Roland Berger Human Dignity Award 2008
Honorary Doctor of Public Service from Regis University (2007)
CNN Hero, 2006
Olympic flag bearer, 2006 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony, Torino, Italy.
Glamour magazine named Somaly Mam "Woman of the Year" in 2006
Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation in the presence of Queen Sofia of Spain, 1998
No date given:
"Mimosa D'Oro"
Festival du Scoop Prize, France
Excmo Ayuntaniento de Galdar Concejalia de Servicio Sociale, Spain
U.S. State Department "Heroes of Anti-Trafficking" award.
Bibliography
References
External links
Somaly Mam Foundation website (Mam is no longer affiliated with the foundation)
1970s births
Living people
Cambodian human rights activists
Human trafficking in Cambodia
Sex crimes
1996 hoaxes
Anti–human trafficking activists
Anti-prostitution activists
Victims of underage prostitution
False allegations of sex crimes |
4034619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Harmon | Dick Harmon | Dick Harmon (July 29, 1947 – February 10, 2006) was a golf instructor with clients including Fred Couples, Jay Haas, Craig Stadler, Lanny Wadkins, Steve Elkington and 2009 U.S. Open winner Lucas Glover. He was a native of New Rochelle, New York and Palm Springs, California.
His father Claude Harmon won the 1948 Masters Tournament. His brothers Butch, Craig and Bill were also ranked in Golf Digest's Top 50 Teachers.
Harmon was the professional at the River Oaks Country Club between 1977 and 2001. After leaving that position, he established two teaching centres in Houston, Texas.
Harmon established the Dick Harmon School of Golf at the Houstonian with teaching assistant and friend Arthur J. Scarbrough.
Harmon died at the age of 58 from complications due to pneumonia on February 10, 2006.
References
"Dick Harmon, part of golf's top teaching family, dies" Sports Illustrated February 10 2006 retrieved February 11, 2006
Redstone Golf Club biography of Harmon
BBC Q&A with Harmon
American male golfers
American golf instructors
Golfers from Texas
Sportspeople from New Rochelle, New York
1947 births
2006 deaths |
4034624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity%20Episcopal%20Church | Trinity Episcopal Church | Trinity Episcopal Church may refer to various buildings and their congregations in the United States:
Alabama
Trinity Episcopal Church (Mobile, Alabama), 1845, the first large Gothic Revival church built in Alabama
Arkansas
Trinity Episcopal Church (Pine Bluff, Arkansas), 1866, also known as St. John's Parish
Trinity Episcopal Church (Searcy, Arkansas), 1902
California
Trinity Episcopal Church (Santa Barbara, California), 1866
Delaware
Trinity Episcopal Church (Wilmington, Delaware), 1890
District of Columbia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.), 1851, razed in 1936
Florida
Trinity Episcopal Church (Apalachicola, Florida), 1839, originally known as Christ Church
Trinity Episcopal Church (Melrose, Florida), 1886, an historic Carpenter Gothic Episcopal church
Trinity Parish (St. Augustine, Florida), 1834, the oldest Protestant church in Florida
Georgia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Columbus, Georgia), 1891
Idaho
Trinity Episcopal Church (Gooding, Idaho), 1907, on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho
Trinity Episcopal Church (Pocatello, Idaho), 1987
Illinois
Trinity Episcopal Church (Wheaton, Illinois), 1881, a historical Gothic Revival Episcopal church
Indiana
Trinity Episcopal Church (Bloomington, Indiana), 1905, a church in the Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis
Trinity Episcopal Church (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 1865
Iowa
Trinity Episcopal Church (Iowa City, Iowa), 1871
Trinity Episcopal Church (Muscatine, Iowa), 1854
Trinity Episcopal Church (Ottumwa, Iowa), 1985, in the Fifth Street Bluff Historic District
Kansas
Trinity Episcopal Church (Atchison, Kansas), 1866
Kentucky
Trinity Episcopal Church (Covington, Kentucky), 1857
Trinity Episcopal Church (Danville, Kentucky), 1830
Trinity Episcopal Church (Owensboro, Kentucky)
Louisiana
Trinity Episcopal Church (Cheyneyville, Louisiana), 1860
Massachusetts
Trinity Episcopal Church (Lenox, Massachusetts), 1888
Trinity Episcopal Church (Melrose, Massachusetts), 1886
Maine
Trinity Episcopal Church (Lewiston, Maine), 1879
Michigan
Trinity Episcopal Church (Caro, Michigan), 1881
Trinity Episcopal Church (Detroit), 1890
Trinity Episcopal Church (Houghton, Michigan), 1910
Minnesota
Trinity Episcopal Church (Litchfield, Minnesota), 1871
Trinity Episcopal Church (St. Charles, Minnesota), 1874
Trinity Episcopal Church (Stockton, Minnesota), 1859
Mississippi
Trinity Episcopal Church (Hattiesburg, Mississippi), 1912
Missouri
Trinity Episcopal Church (Independence, Missouri), 1881
Trinity Episcopal Church (Kirksville, Missouri), 1917
Trinity Episcopal Church (St. Louis, Missouri), 1885, moved 1910
New Jersey
Trinity Episcopal Church (Woodbridge, New Jersey), c. 1717
New York
Trinity Episcopal Church (Ashland, New York), 1879
Trinity Episcopal Church (Buffalo, New York), 1886
Trinity Episcopal Church (Claverack, New York), 1901
Trinity Episcopal Church-Fairfield, Fairfield, New York, 1808
Trinity Church (Manhattan), 1839-46, on Broadway near Wall Street, also known as Trinity Episcopal Church
Trinity Episcopal Church Complex (Mount Vernon, New York), 1857
Trinity Episcopal Church (Potsdam, New York), 1835
Trinity Episcopal Church Complex (Saugerties, New York), 1831
Trinity Episcopal Church (Syracuse, New York), 1914, now known as the Faith by Love Church
Trinity Episcopal Church and Parish House (Watertown, New York), 1889
North Carolina
Trinity Episcopal Church (Chocowinity, North Carolina), 1826
Trinity Episcopal Church (Mount Airy, North Carolina), 1896
Trinity Episcopal Church (Scotland Neck, North Carolina), 1855
Ohio
Trinity Episcopal Church (Columbus, Ohio), 1866
Trinity Episcopal Church (McArthur, Ohio), 1882
Trinity Episcopal Church (Toledo, Ohio), 1863
Oregon
Trinity Episcopal Church (Ashland, Oregon), 1894
Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (Portland, Oregon), 1906
Trinity Episcopal Church (Bend, Oregon), 1929
Pennsylvania
Old Trinity Church (Episcopal), 1711, in what was Oxford Township, now Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania),1875
Rhode Island
Trinity Church (Newport, Rhode Island), 1726
South Carolina
Trinity Episcopal Church and Cemetery, Abbeville, South Carolina, 1860
Trinity Episcopal Church (Charleston County, South Carolina), 1876, on Edisto Island
Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (Columbia, South Carolina), 1847, formerly Trinity Episcopal Church
South Dakota
Trinity Episcopal Church (Groton, South Dakota), 1884
Tennessee
Trinity Episcopal Church (Clarksville, Tennessee), 1875
Trinity Episcopal Church (Winchester, Tennessee), 1872
Texas
Trinity Episcopal Church (Houston), 1919
Virginia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Portsmouth, Virginia), 1830
Trinity Episcopal Church (Staunton, Virginia), 1855
Washington
Trinity Parish Episcopal Church (Seattle), 1902
West Virginia
Trinity Episcopal Church (Parkersburg, West Virginia), 1878
Wisconsin
Trinity Episcopal Church (Oshkosh, Wisconsin), 1887
See also
Trinity Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (disambiguation)
Trinity Memorial Episcopal Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Methodist Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation)
Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church (disambiguation) |
4034625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1984 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Defending champion John McEnroe defeated Jimmy Connors in the final, 6–1, 6–1, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1984 Wimbledon Championships. It was his third Wimbledon and sixth major singles title overall. The final was for a long time referred to as the greatest display in the history of tennis; it lasted only 80 minutes and McEnroe made just four unforced errors during the entire match (none in the first set).
This was the first major appearance for future six-time champion Boris Becker; he would go on to win the title the following year.
Seeds
John McEnroe (champion)
Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
Jimmy Connors (final)
Mats Wilander (second round)
Jimmy Arias (fourth round)
Andrés Gómez (quarterfinals)
Yannick Noah (withdrew)
José Luis Clerc (withdrew)
Henrik Sundström (second round)
Anders Järryd (first round)
Kevin Curren (fourth round)
Johan Kriek (fourth round)
Tomáš Šmíd (quarterfinals)
Bill Scanlon (fourth round)
Vitas Gerulaitis (fourth round)
Tim Mayotte (fourth round)
Yannick Noah and José Luis Clerc withdrew due to injury and illness respectively. They were replaced in the draw by Qualifier Paul Annacone and Lucky loser Claudio Mezzadri respectively.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1984 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20Episcopal%20Church | Grace Episcopal Church | Grace Episcopal Church, or variants thereof, may refer to the following:
United States
(by state then city)
Alabama
Grace Episcopal Church (Anniston, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Calhoun County, Alabama
Grace Episcopal Church (Clayton, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Barbour County, Alabama
Grace Episcopal Church (Mount Meigs, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Montgomery County, Alabama
Arkansas
Grace Episcopal Church (Wynne, Arkansas)
California
Grace Episcopal Church (Boulder Creek, California)
Grace Episcopal Church (St. Helena, California)
Colorado
Grace Episcopal Church (Buena Vista, Colorado), listed on the NRHP in Chaffee County, Colorado
Grace and St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Grace Episcopal Church (Georgetown, Colorado), NRHP-listed, in Clear Creek County
Florida
Grace Episcopal Church and Guild Hall (Port Orange, Florida),
Indiana
Grace Episcopal Church (Muncie, Indiana), located in Delaware County, Indiana, is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis
Illinois
Grace Episcopal Church (Chicago)
Grace Episcopal Church (Galena, Illinois)
Grace Episcopal Church (Oak Park, Illinois)
Kentucky
Grace Episcopal Church (Hopkinsville, Kentucky), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Paducah, Kentucky), NRHP-listed
Louisiana
Grace Episcopal Church (St. Francisville, Louisiana), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Maine
Grace Episcopal Church (Robbinston, Maine), NRHP-listed
Maryland
Grace and St. Peter's Church, Mount Vernon, Baltimore
Grace Episcopal Church (Mt. Vernon, Maryland), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Taylor's Island, Maryland), NRHP-listed
Massachusetts
Grace Episcopal Church (Amherst, Massachusetts)
Grace Episcopal Church (Lawrence, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Grace Episcopal Church (Medford, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Michigan
Grace Episcopal Church in East Grand Rapids, Michigan
Grace Episcopal Church (Jonesville, Michigan), listed on the NRHP in Michigan
Grace Episcopal Church (Mount Clemens, Michigan)
Grace Episcopal Church in Traverse City, Michigan
Mississippi
Grace Episcopal Church (Rosedale, Mississippi), listed on the NRHP in Bolivar County, Mississippi
Missouri
Grace Episcopal Church (Chillicothe, Missouri)
Grace Episcopal Church (Kirkwood, Missouri), listed on the NRHP in St. Louis County, Missouri
New Jersey
Grace Episcopal Church (Plainfield, New Jersey), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Madison, New Jersey)
Grace Church (Newark)
New Hampshire
Grace Episcopal Church (Manchester, New Hampshire), listed on the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places
New York
Grace Church (Manhattan), an Episcopal Parish church in New York City
Grace Church (Nyack, New York)
Grace Episcopal Church (Bronx, New York), located on City Island, listed on the NRHP in Bronx County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Lyons, New York), listed on the NRHP in Wayne County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Middletown, New York), listed on the NRHP in Orange County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Queens), listed on the NRHP in Queens County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Syracuse, New York), listed on the NRHP in Onondaga County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Waverly, New York), listed on the NRHP in Tioga County, New York
Grace Episcopal Church (Whitney Point, New York), listed on the NRHP in Broome County, New York
North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church, Morganton, North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Lexington, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Davidson County, North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Trenton, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Jones County, North Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Weldon, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Halifax County, North Carolina
North Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Jamestown, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Stutsman County, North Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Minnewaukan, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Benson County, North Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Pembina, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Pembina County, North Dakota
Ohio
Grace Church (Cincinnati, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Cincinnati, Ohio
Grace Episcopal Church (Sandusky, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Erie County, Ohio
Oregon
Grace Episcopal Church (Astoria, Oregon)
South Carolina
Grace Episcopal Church (Charleston, South Carolina)
South Dakota
Grace Episcopal Church (Huron, South Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Beadle County, South Dakota
Tennessee
Grace Episcopal Church (Memphis, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Shelby County, Tennessee
Grace Episcopal Church (Spring Hill, Tennessee), NRHP-listed
Texas
Grace Episcopal Church (Cuero, Texas), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Galveston, Texas), NRHP-listed
Grace Episcopal Church (Georgetown, Texas), formerly NRHP-listed and now known as Grace Heritage Center
Virginia
Grace Episcopal Church (Alexandria, Virginia)
Grace Episcopal Church (Keswick, Virginia)
Grace Episcopal Church (Kilmarnock, Virginia)
Christ and Grace Episcopal Church (Petersburg, Virginia)
Washington, D.C.
Grace Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.)
Wisconsin
Grace Episcopal Church (Madison, Wisconsin), listed on the NRHP in Dane County, Wisconsin
Grace Episcopal Church (Sheboygan, Wisconsin)
See also
Grace Church (disambiguation) |
4034633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mark%27s%20Episcopal%20Church | St. Mark's Episcopal Church | St. Mark's Episcopal Church and variations may refer to:
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Hope, Arkansas)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Glendale, California)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Berkeley, California)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Cocoa, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Haines City, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Palatka, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Starke, Florida)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Louisville, Kentucky)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Augusta, Maine)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Highland, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Kingston, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Lappans, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Perryville, Maryland)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Boston, Massachusetts)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Worcester, Massachusetts)
St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral (Minneapolis), Minnesota
St. Mark's Episcopal Chapel (Corinna Township, Minnesota)
Saint Mark's Episcopal Church (Raymond, Mississippi)
St. Mark's Pro-Cathedral (Hastings, Nebraska)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Tonopah, Nevada)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Ashland, New Hampshire)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (West Orange, New Jersey)
Saint Mark's Episcopal Church (Chelsea, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Fort Montgomery, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Green Island, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Hoosick Falls, New York)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Mt. Kisco, New York)
Saint Mark's and Saint John's Episcopal Church, Rochester, New York
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Halifax, North Carolina)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Huntersville, North Carolina)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Wadsworth, Ohio)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Philadelphia)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Pinewood, South Carolina)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (San Antonio, Texas)
St. Mark's Cathedral (Salt Lake City)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Alexandria, Virginia)
St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral, Seattle
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (St. Albans, West Virginia)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Beaver Dam, Wisconsin)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Guild Hall and Vicarage, Oconto, Wisconsin
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Cheyenne, Wyoming)
See also
St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral (disambiguation)
St. Mark's Church (disambiguation) |
4034639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Paul%27s%20Church | St. Paul's Church | St. Paul's Church or St Paul's Church or any variation thereof may refer to:
Belgium
St. Paul's Church, Antwerp
Canada
St. Paul's, Bloor Street, Toronto, Ontario
St. Paul's Church (Halifax), Canada's oldest Protestant church
St. Paul's Eastern United Church, Ottawa, Ontario
St. Paul's Presbyterian Church (Leaskdale), Ontario
St. Paul's Anglican Church (Dawson City), a National Historic Site of Canada
China
St. Paul's Church, Nanjing
Denmark
St. Paul's Church, Aarhus
St. Paul's Church, Bornholm
St. Paul's Church, Copenhagen
St. Paul's Church, Hadsten
France
St. Paul's Church, Strasbourg
Germany
St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main, location of the 1849 Frankfurt Constitution
Paulinerkirche, Leipzig, a destroyed church in Leipzig
India
St. Paul's Church, Bangalore
St. Paul's Church, Diu, a Portuguese colonial church in Diu
St. Paul's Church, Landour, an Anglican church in Landour Cantonment, Uttarakhand State
St. Paul's Church, Mangalore
Indonesia
St. Paul's Church, Jakarta, another name for Gereja Paulus Jakarta
Ireland
St. Paul's Church, Banagher, County Offaly
St. Paul's Church, Bray, County Wicklow
St. Paul's Church, Dublin
St. Paul's Church, Mullingar
Italy
St. Paul's Church, Brugherio
St. Paul's Church, Mirabello
St. Paul's Within the Walls, Rome
Macao
Ruins of St. Paul's, the ruins of what was the 17th-century Cathedral of St. Paul, also called the St Paul's Church, in Macao
Malaysia
St. Paul's Church, Malacca
Malta
St Paul's Church, Cospicua
Collegiate church of St Paul, Rabat
St Paul's Church, Munxar
St Paul's Church, Safi
Collegiate Parish Church of St Paul's Shipwreck, Valletta
Monaco
St. Paul Church, Monaco
New Zealand
Old St Paul's, Wellington
St Paul's Church, Auckland
Norway
Paulus Church, Oslo
Pakistan
St. Paul's Church, Manora, Karachi
St. Paul's Church, Rawalpindi
Portugal
St Paul's Church, Braga
Singapore
St. Paul's Church, Singapore, an Anglican church located in Kovan, Singapore
Sri Lanka
St. Paul's Church, Kandy
St. Paul's Church, Milagiriya
Sweden
St. Paul's Church, Mariatorget, Stockholm
Switzerland
St. Paul's Church, Basel
St. Paul's Church, Bern
Syria
Chapel of Saint Paul, Damascus
Turkey
Saint Paul's Church, Tarsus
United Kingdom
England
St Paul's Cathedral, London
Old St Paul's Cathedral, London
St Paul's Church, Adlington, Lancashire
Old St Peter and St Paul's Church, Albury, Surrey
St Paul's Church, Bedford, Bedfordshire
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Bolton-by-Bowland, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Boughton, Chester
St Paul's, Bow Common, London
St Paul's Church, Brighton
St Paul's Church, Bristol
St Paul's Church, Brookhouse, Lancashire
St Paul's, Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire
St Paul's Church, Bury, Greater Manchester
St Paul's, Cambridge, Cambridgeshie
St Paul's Church, Clapham, London
St Paul's Church, Constable Lee, Lancashire
St Paul's, Covent Garden, London (also known as the 'Actors' Church')
St Paul's, Deptford, London
St Paul's Church, Dover, Kent
St Paul's Church, East Ham, London
St Paul's Church, Farington, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Gulworthy, Devon
St Paul's, Hammersmith, London
St Paul's Church, Harringay, London
St Paul's Church, Helsby, Cheshire
Old St Paul's Church, Hoddlesden, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Hooton, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, Kewstoke, Somerset
St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, London
St Paul's Church, Lindale, Cumbria
Church of St Paul, Liverpool, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, Longridge, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Macclesfield, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, Marston, Cheshire (demolished)
St James' and St Paul's Church, Marton, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, New Southgate, London
St Paul's Church, Newport, Isle of Wight
St Paul's Church, Over Tabley, Cheshire
St Paul's Church, Oxford
St Paul's Church, Preston, Lancashire
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Preston Deanery, Northamptonshire
St Paul's Church, Rusthall, Kent
St Paul's Church, Salisbury, Wiltshire
St Paul's Church, Seacombe, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, Scotforth, Lancaster, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Shadwell, London
St Paul's Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire
St Paul's Church, Gatten, Shanklin, Isle of Wight
St Paul's Church and Centre, Norton Lees, Sheffield, Yorkshire
St Paul's Church, Wordsworth Avenue, Sheffield, Yorkshire
St Paul's Church, Skelmersdale, Lancashire
St Paul's Church, Tintagel, Cornwall
Church of St Paul with St Luke, Tranmere, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, West Derby, Liverpool, Merseyside
St Paul's Church, Winlaton, Tyne and Wear
St Paul's Church, Witherslack, Cumbria
St Paul Parish Church, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria
St Paul and St Stephen's Church, Gloucester, Gloucestershire
Scotland
St Paul's Church, Perth
St Paul's Parish Church, Edinburgh
Old St. Paul's, Edinburgh
Wales
St Paul's Church, Colwyn Bay, North Wales
St Paul's Church, Grangetown, Cardiff
St Paul's Church, Newport, Wales
Isle of Man
St Paul's, Ramsey, Isle of Man, one of Isle of Man's Registered Buildings
United States
California
St. Paul's Catholic Church (San Francisco)
Colorado
St. Paul's Church (Marble, Colorado)
District of Columbia
Church of St. Paul's, K Street (Washington, D.C.)
Saint Paul African Union Methodist Church
St. Paul's Lutheran Church (Washington, D.C.)
Florida
Basilica of St. Paul (Daytona Beach, Florida)
Georgia
St. Paul United Methodist Church (Atlanta)
Saint Paul's Church (Augusta, Georgia)
Illinois
St. Paul Catholic Church (Highland, Illinois)
Iowa
St. Paul's Catholic Church (Burlington, Iowa)
St. Paul United Methodist Church (Cedar Rapids, Iowa)
St. Paul Lutheran Church (Davenport, Iowa)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Durant, Iowa)
Cathedral Church of Saint Paul (Des Moines)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Harlan, Iowa)
Maryland
Saint Paul Catholic Church (Ellicott City, Maryland)
St. Paul's Parish Church (Brandywine, Maryland)
St. Paul's Chapel (Crownsville, Maryland)
St. Paul's Church (Fairlee, Maryland)
Massachusetts
The Church of St. Paul (Harvard Square)
Cathedral Church of St. Paul, Boston
Saint Paul's Church, Chapel, and Parish House, Brookline
St. Paul's Church (Dedham, Massachusetts)
Missouri
St. Paul Catholic Church (Center, Missouri)
St. Paul's Church (New Melle, Missouri)
New York
St. Paul's Church (Brownville, New York)
St. Paul's Church (Chittenango, New York)
Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site, Mount Vernon
St. Paul's Church (Owego, New York)
St. Paul's Church and Cemetery (Paris Hill, New York)
St. Paul's Chapel, New York City
North Carolina
St. Paul's Church and Cemetery (Newton, North Carolina)
Ohio
St. Paul Church (Over the Rhine), Cincinnati
St. Paul Church Historic District, Cincinnati
St. Paul Church South Bass Island, Put-in-Bay
Pennsylvania
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Exton, Pennsylvania), also known as St. Paul's Church (and listed as such on the National Register of Historic Places)
St. Paul's Church (Chester, Pennsylvania)
Rhode Island
St. Paul's Church (North Kingstown, Rhode Island)
Saint Paul Church (Cranston, Rhode Island)
Saint Paul's Church (Pawtucket, Rhode Island)
Texas
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Greenville, Texas)
Virginia
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Alexandria, Virginia)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (King George, Virginia), also known as St. Paul's Church (and listed as such on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP))
St. Paul's Church (Lynchburg, Virginia)
Saint Paul's Episcopal Church (Norfolk, Virginia), also known as Saint Paul's Church (and listed as such on the NRHP)
Saint Paul's Church (Petersburg, Virginia), NRHP-listed
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia), also known as St. Paul's Church (and listed as such on the NRHP)
St. Paul's Catholic Church (Portsmouth, Virginia)
See also
Old St. Paul's (disambiguation)
St. Paul A.M.E. Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul the Apostle Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Catholic Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Chapel (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Church and Cemetery (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Lutheran Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Methodist Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Reformed Church (disambiguation)
St. Paul's Cathedral (disambiguation)
St. Peter and St. Paul's Church (disambiguation) |
4034643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammika%20Ranatunga | Dammika Ranatunga | Dammika Ranatunga (born 12 October 1962) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in two Test matches and four One Day Internationals in 1989.
He is the eldest brother of former Sri Lanka captain Arjuna Ranatunga, Sanjeeva Ranatunga, Nishantha Ranatunga, Prasanna Ranatunga and Ruwan Ranatunga
1962 births
Living people
Alumni of Ananda College
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers |
4034644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20James%20Episcopal%20Church | St. James Episcopal Church | St. James Episcopal Church, or variants thereof, may refer to:
(sorted by state, then city/town)
United States
California
St. James Episcopal Church (Sonora, California)
St. James' Episcopal Church (South Pasadena, California)
Colorado
St. James Episcopal Church (Meeker, Colorado), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Rio Blanco County
Connecticut
St. James Episcopal Church (New London, Connecticut), listed on the NRHP in New London County
Delaware
St. James' Church (Newport, Delaware)
St. James Episcopal Church, Mill Creek
Florida
St. James' Episcopal Church (Lake City, Florida)
St. James Episcopal Church (Ormond Beach, Florida)
Idaho
St. James Episcopal Church (Mountain Home, Idaho), listed on the NRHP in Elmore County
St. James Episcopal Church (Payette, Idaho), listed on the NRHP in Payette County
Illinois
St. James Episcopal Church (Lewistown, Illinois), listed on the NRHP in Fulton County
St. James Episcopal Church (McLeansboro, Illinois), listed on the NRHP in Hamilton County
Indiana
St. James Memorial Chapel (Howe, Indiana)
Iowa
St. James Episcopal Church (Oskaloosa, Iowa), listed on the NRHP in Mahaska County
Kentucky
Saint James' Episcopal Church (Pewee Valley, Kentucky)
Saint James' Episcopal Church (Prestonsburg, Kentucky)
St. James Episcopal Church (Shelbyville, Kentucky)
Louisiana
St. James Episcopal Church (Baton Rouge, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in East Baton Rouge Parish
Maine
St. James Episcopal Church (Old Town, Maine), listed on the NRHP in Penobscot County
Maryland
St James Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland)
Massachusetts
St. James Episcopal Church (Amesbury, Massachusetts)
St. James Episcopal Church (Cambridge, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Middlesex County
Michigan
St. James Episcopal Church (Grosse Ile, Michigan), listed on the NRHP in Wayne County
Saint James' Episcopal Church (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan)
Minnesota
St. James Episcopal Church (Minneapolis, Minnesota), better known as "Saint James On-The-Parkway" (or "St. James OTP")
Montana
St. James Episcopal Church and Rectory (Bozeman, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Gallatin County
St. James Episcopal Church and Parish House (Lewistown, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Fergus
New York
St. James Episcopal Church (Batavia, New York)
St. James Episcopal Church (Fort Edward, New York), listed on the NRHP in Washington County
St. James Episcopal Church (Hyde Park, New York), Episcopal Diocese of New York
St. James Episcopal Church (Lake George, New York)
St. James' Episcopal Church (Manhattan)
St. James' Episcopal Church and Parish House, The Bronx, New York, listed on the NRHP in Bronx County
St. James Episcopal Church, part of the Skaneateles Historic District in Skaneateles, New York
St. James Episcopal Church (Watkins Glen, New York), listed on the NRHP in Schuyler County
North Carolina
St. James Episcopal Church and Rectory (Kittrell, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Vance County
St. James Episcopal Church (Wilmington, North Carolina), the oldest church in the city of Wilmington
Ohio
St. James Episcopal Church (Boardman, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Mahoning County
St. James Episcopal Church (Painesville, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Lake County
St. James Episcopal Church (Zanesville, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Muskingum County
Oklahoma
St. James Episcopal Church (Wagoner, Oklahoma), Oklahoma's oldest Episcopal church still in use.
Oregon
St. James Episcopal Church (Coquille, Oregon), listed on the NRHP in Coos County
Pennsylvania
St. James Episcopal Church (Muncy, Pennsylvania), listed on the NRHP in Lycoming County
Church of St. James the Less, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, National Historic Landmark
South Carolina
St. James Episcopal Church (Santee, South Carolina), in Georgetown, SC, listed on the NRHP and as an NHL in Charleston County
Tennessee
St. James Episcopal Church (Cumberland Furnace, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Dickson County
St. James Episcopal Church (Greeneville, Tennessee)
Texas
St. James Episcopal Church (La Grange, Texas), listed on the NRHP in Fayette County
Utah
St. James Episcopal Church (Midvale, Utah)
Virginia
St. James Episcopal Church (Portsmouth, Virginia)
St. James Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)
St. James' Episcopal Church (Warrenton, Virginia)
Washington, D.C.
St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square
Wisconsin
St. James' Episcopal Church (Manitowoc, Wisconsin)
St. James Episcopal Church (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), listed on the NRHP in Milwaukee County
See also
St. James Church (disambiguation)
St. James Catholic Church (disambiguation) |
4034648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond%20process | Mond process | The Mond process, sometimes known as the carbonyl process, is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1890, to extract and purify nickel. The process was used commercially before the end of the 19th century, and particularly by the International Nickel Company in the Sudbury Basin. This process converts nickel oxides into nickel metal with very high purity being attainable in just a single step.
Synopsis
This process involves the fact that carbon monoxide combines with nickel readily and reversibly to give nickel carbonyl. No other element forms a carbonyl compound under the mild conditions used in the process.
This process has three steps:
1. Nickel oxide reacts with syngas at 200 °C to give nickel, together with impurities including iron and cobalt.
NiO(s) + H2(g) → Ni(s) + H2O(g)
2. The impure nickel reacts with carbon monoxide at 50–60 °C to form the gas nickel carbonyl, leaving the impurities as solids.
Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) → Ni(CO)4(g)
3. The mixture of nickel carbonyl and syngas is heated to 220–250 °C, resulting in decomposition back to nickel and carbon monoxide:
Ni(CO)4(g) → Ni(s) + 4 CO(g)
Steps 2 and 3 illustrate a chemical transport reaction, exploiting the properties that (1) carbon monoxide and nickel readily combine to give a volatile complex and (2) this complex degrades back to nickel and carbon monoxide at higher temperatures. The decomposition may be engineered to produce powder, but more commonly an existing substrate is coated with nickel. For example, nickel pellets are made by dropping small, hot pellets through the carbonyl gas; this deposits a layer of nickel onto the pellets.
This process has also been used for plating nickel onto other metals, where a complex shape or sharp corners have made precise results difficult to achieve by electroplating. Although the results are good, the toxicity makes it impractical as an industrial process. Such parts are now plated by electroless nickel plating instead.
See also
Carbonyl metallurgy
Crystal bar process
References
Further reading
Miessler, Gary L. (2014). Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Pearson. p. 492
Chemical processes
Nickel |
4034649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20J.%20Callan | Thomas J. Callan | Thomas Joseph Callan (July 12, 1853 – May 5, 1908) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his bravery during the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876.
Biography
Callan was born in County Louth, Ireland on July 12, 1853, and joined the US Army in March 1876.
He had served just three months as a Private in Company B, 7th United States Cavalry, at the time of his actions. He received the Medal of Honor for his bravery at the Battle of Little Big Horn, Montana Territory, on June 25, and June 26, 1876. His medal was issued on October 24, 1896.
He died on May 5, 1908, and was buried in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, East Orange, New Jersey.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 7th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date. At Little Big Horn, Mont., 25-June 26, 1876. Entered service at: Boston, Mass. Birth: Ireland. Date of issue: October 24, 1896.
Citation:
Volunteered and succeeded in obtaining water for the wounded of the command; also displayed conspicuously good conduct in assistlng (sic) to drive away the Indians.
See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars
Notes
References
1853 births
1908 deaths
People from County Louth
19th-century Irish people
Irish soldiers in the United States Army
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
United States Army soldiers
Irish-born Medal of Honor recipients
American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (East Orange, New Jersey) |
4034652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadah | Yadah | Yadah is the third person singular qal form of the Hebrew language verbal root ydh. Depending on its conjugation, it carries a range of meanings involving throwing or praising.
In the qal form, it describes the "shooting" of arrows in Jeremiah 50:14.
The piel form means "throwing" (as in throwing stones at a person, in Lamentations 3:53) or "casting down" ("the horns of the nations," in Zechariah 2:4).
In the hiphil form, it normally means "praising" (usually in the context of ritual worship) and occasionally for confessing one's sins.
The hitpael form has a similar range of meanings, but the word most often means "confession" and less commonly "praise".
References
Hebrew words and phrases |
4034653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RampART | RampART | rampART was a squatted social centre in the Whitechapel area of east London. It was established in a derelict building in Rampart Street which was previously used as an Islamic school for girls.
The centre operated as a private members club providing a space for a wide range of groups to carry out their activities. It was managed by volunteers without any funding and with a strong emphasis on consensus decision making and DIY culture.
The centre was variously known as rampART Social Centre, rampART creative centre and social space, or more commonly as rampART.
The centre lost a court case brought by the owner and awaited eviction from 3 January 2008. It was finally evicted on 15 October 2009.
Developments at rampART
At the 2009 G-20 London summit protests police raided squats occupied by protesters including the one on Rampart Street where the police believed people involved in violent disorder were staying. There was around 20 people in it. Four from Rampart were arrested on 2 April 2009.
On 15 October 2009 rampART was evicted. Rampart reported on its own Wordpress social media blog page that 45 police officers, several bailiffs and a priest were present, and a chainsaw was used to enter the building and climbers also used the roof as a means of access.
Background
rampART was opened in 2004. and was located at 15 to 17 Rampart Street, London E1 2LA. The project was initiated by a mixture of artists, community groups and political activists. Within the first year, the building had hosted over 100 cultural and political events.
The centre was run by an open collective as an autonomous space. It was open to all on the basis of equality for all. Projects were run on an entirely voluntary basis by the people involved. They were not charity workers or social workers. The projects were run in the spirit of co-operation, solidarity and mutual aid. It was not a commercial enterprise run for profit—instead it was funded day-to-day by donations given by users, or by raising funds through benefit events such as gigs, cafés or film nights.
Gatherings
During the Hugo Chávez referendum there was a week-long ‘Venezuela Solidarity’ event.
During the European Social Forum rampART accommodated over 50 European visitors as well as laying on free food and a range of entertainment.
No Border network presented an exhibition in 2009 by French photographer Julie Rebouillat about migrants sleeping rough in Calais.
WANC (Women's Anarchic Nuisance Café) took place on a monthly basis.
A talk by indigenous Mexican activists on behalf of peasant farmers.
See also
Self-managed social centres in the United Kingdom
Sources
"ESF radio from rampart" written 14 October 2004, retrieved 7 June 2006.
References
External links
Announcement of first opening
rampART at the European Social Forum
Social centres in the United Kingdom
DIY culture
Cultural organisations based in London
Entertainment in London
Infoshops
Evicted squats
Squats in the United Kingdom
Whitechapel
2004 establishments in England
2009 disestablishments in England |
4034679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charith%20Senanayake | Charith Senanayake | Charith Panduka Senanayake (born 19 December 1962) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and businessman. He played in three Test matches and seven One Day Internationals from 1990 to 1991. He also served as manager of Sri Lanka national cricket team for a considerable period of time. He also played professional cricket in Kenya representing Mombasa Sports Club. He has also worked as an expertise in marketing in several positions including marketing manager of Macwoods Ltd in Sri Lanka, marketing consultant of Tea Tang Ltd in Sri Lanka, general manager of LAB International Ltd in Kenya and CEO of Afri Bridge Trade Exporters in Kenya.
Career
He pursued his primary and secondary education at the Ananda College where he also played school cricket and also featured in popular school Big Match Ananda–Nalanda (involving arch-rivals Ananda College and Nalanda College).
He played in domestic cricket competitions representing Colombo Cricket Club and his first-class playing career spanned for about a decade between 1982-83 season to the 1993-94 season. Charith made his ODI debut on 21 December 1990 against Pakistan at the 1990–91 Sharjah Cup.
He received his maiden test call up for the tour of New Zealand in 1990 and subsequently made his test debut on 31 January 1991 against New Zealand at Wellington where he scored duck on debut while opening the batting. He then went onto score his maiden test half-century in his second test during the second test match of the series against New Zealand. He scored 64 opening the batting alongside debutant Chandika Hathurusingha and the duo added 95 runs for the opening wicket. He was then dropped from the Sri Lankan test team after the third test of the series as he only scored 97 runs during the three match test cricket in the tour of New Zealand and it also marked his only test series of his career. Roshan Mahanama and Chandika Hathurusingha subsequently secured their positions as openers in test team which left no room for Charith to regain his place in the side.
He then moved to Kenya in 1998 due to lack of opportunities in Sri Lanka in order to pursue his cricketing career. In December 1998, he won the Best All-Round Award in Kenya's Coastal Province and was also recognized for his captaincy steering Mombasa Sports Club to win their maiden CCA Postel Knockout Trophy. He has also worked as coach of Colombo Cricket Club in two occasions just prior to his migration to Kenya. He also worked as a television commentator for a brief stint.
After his retirement from professional cricket, he became the head of Sri Lanka Cricket's marketing unit and served in the post from 2008 to 2011. He was also appointed as the team manager of Sri Lanka men's cricket team in 2008 replacing Hashan Tillakaratne following the intervention of the then Sports minister Gamini Lokuge. It was revealed that he had lived in Kenya for about ten years primarily involved in tea plantation and worked for a British tea company based in Kenya. He was appointed as team manager when he was on the holiday to Sri Lanka.
In February 2012, he was again appointed as team manager replacing Anura Tennekoon. He then resigned from the position of team manager in 2013 and was subsequently replaced by Michael de Zoysa.
However, he was once again reinstated as the team manager of Sri Lankan team in April 2016 following the end two year tenure of Michael de Zoysa. In December 2016, he was replaced by Ranjit Fernando as the manager of Sri Lankan team on a rotational basis for the tours of South Africa and Australia. He again became the team manager in July 2018 for the fourth time replacing Asanka Gurusinha.
In November 2018, he again resigned as the team manager in wake of Sri Lanka's humiliating defeat against England at Galle in first of the three match test series and was subsequently replaced by Jeryl Woutersz. In 2020, he was roped in by Burgher Recreation Club as director of coaching.
In June 2021, he was appointed as the chairman of the LPL Technical Committee for the 2021 Lanka Premier League.
Controversies
In February 2013, he was unceremoniously sacked from the position of team manager of Sri Lankan national team just a month before the expiration of his contract with SLC. He was accused then for his allegedly leaking a personal letter from the then national team captain Mahela Jayawardene to the media in which Mahela claimed that he had lost all his confidence in SLC. Senanayake along with Jayawardene were accused of breaching the contract with SLC and their actions were reviewed by SLC.
In November 2018, he was made scapegoat for Sri Lanka's decline in international cricket which was primarily due to the internal affairs within the Sri Lanka Cricket Board and he subsequently resigned due to poor performances of the national cricket team. He had revealed that Sri Lankan cricket would be placed in a situation like the Kenyan cricket team in the future.
In 2016, he was accused of involving in a brawl with veteran Sri Lankan spinner Muttiah Muralitharan over the appointment of Muralitharan as the spin bowling consultant for Australia national cricket team by Cricket Australia prior to the start of the three match test series between Sri Lanka and Australia. Charith alleged Muralitharan for possibly influencing the pitch curator to prepare a turning pitch to suit Australian spinners Nathan Lyon and Steve O'Keefe at the P. Sara Oval during one of Australia's practice matches.
References
External links
1962 births
Living people
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sri Lankan businesspeople
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Kenyan cricketers
Kenyan businesspeople
Colombo Cricket Club cricketers
Cricketers from Colombo
Alumni of Ananda College
Sri Lankan cricket commentators
Sri Lankan cricket coaches |
4034692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Boris Becker defeated Kevin Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. He became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male major singles champion at of age. This latter record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open.
John McEnroe was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinals and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe at the same major.
Seeds
John McEnroe (quarterfinals)
Ivan Lendl (fourth round)
Jimmy Connors (semifinals)
Mats Wilander (first round)
Anders Järryd (semifinals)
Pat Cash (second round)
Joakim Nyström (third round)
Kevin Curren (final)
Johan Kriek (third round)
Aaron Krickstein (first round)
Yannick Noah (third round)
Miloslav Mečíř (first round)
Eliot Teltscher (second round)
Stefan Edberg (fourth round)
Tomáš Šmíd (second round)
Tim Mayotte (fourth round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet%20Theater | Magnet Theater | The Magnet Theater is an improvisational comedy theatre and improv school in New York City.
The Magnet Theater was founded in March 2005 by Armando Diaz, Ed Herbstman and Shannon Manning. Diaz, Manning and Herbstman were friends from Chicago, where they studied under improv guru Del Close at Improv Olympic. Diaz also co-founded the Peoples Improv Theater (PIT), where Herbstman taught. Armando Diaz and Sean Taylor currently own and operate Magnet Theater.
The Magnet offers performance and writing classes to people of all experience levels.
The Magnet is also home to the New York Musical Improv Festival founded by T.J. Mannix and Co-Produced by Robin Rothman. Celebrating its 11th annual event virtually in July 2020, NYMIF brings together hundreds of musical improvisors and musicians from Austin to Boston, Chicago to L.A., Toronto to Vancouver and beyond. Performers have included Baby Wants Candy, Broadway's Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson, The Improvised Sondheim Project, members of Freestyle Love Supreme and North Coast.
Many Magnet instructors and performers write and lend their voices to The Truth.
See also
Peoples Improv Theater
Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre
References
External links
Magnet Theater
Theatres in Manhattan
Performance art in New York City
Improvisational theatre
Chelsea, Manhattan |
4034703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quik%20Is%20the%20Name | Quik Is the Name | Quik Is The Name is the debut studio album by American hip hop artist and producer DJ Quik, released by Profile Records on January 15, 1991. Production was mainly handled by DJ Quik along with his executive producers Courtney Branch and Tracy Kendrick. Recording sessions took place throughout 1990 at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California, with a production budget of $30,000.
The album debuted and peaked at #29 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling over 50,000 copies in its first week in America. The album was certified Gold 4 months after its release on May 30, 1991 and Platinum 4 years later on July 26, 1995. , the album has sold over 1,068,203 copies in United States.
Background
DJ Quik was signed by Profile Records in the summer of 1990, after they heard his 1987 mixtape "The Red Tape". He was the most expensive signee that Profile had ever acquired and was also the first artist to have got a six figure deal on the label. Quik revealed to Vibe (magazine) that "Quik Is The Name was originally supposed to be a mixtape that I was going to sell in the ‘hood. I recorded it on a Tascam four-track. I did all the over-dubs, all the blending, and mixed it down on one of those Maxell metal tapes they used to sell. But along comes Dave from Profile Records looking for me like, ‘Hey dude, I heard your cassette, man. Come sign with us.’ [laughs] There was a bidding war between Fred Munao at Select Records and Cory Robbins and Profile. Cory ultimately ended up beating Fred out and I signed with Profile."
Recording
In an interview Quik revealed, that Profile Records gave him a $30,000 budget to mix the record over. He said: "If you do the math: a $1000 a-day studio…if we get Quik is the Name done in less than a month, that’s more money in my pocket. So we got it done in 17 days. We dumped everything out of the SP-1200, brought the turntables into the studio, scratched all the hooks, did all the overdubs and brought in a bass guitar player to fatten up the sound because we would lose a lot of the bass from sampling. We recorded some of the album at Westlake Recording Studios in Santa Monica, which is where Michael Jackson did Thriller. It was a trip being in there mixing "Tonite" on those big boards knowing that Michael was coming in and out of there". The "Tonite" synth was programmed by LA Dream Team's former member and producer, The Real Richie Rich.
Singles
The album's lead single, "Born and Raised in Compton", was released on December 4, 1990. It peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and spent 14 weeks on the chart. The album's second single, "Tonite" was released on June 10, 1991. It peaked at number 49 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 3 on the US Rap Songs chart. The song became his most successful and highest charting single to date. The album's third and final single, "Quik Is The Name", was released on November 11, 1991. The single did not manage to chart.
Critical response
Alex Henning of Rhapsody wrote that "Quik's debut set the groundwork for the G-funk era, largely due to the success of "Tonite." Much like Warren G, Quik focuses less on violence and more on mind-altering substances, ladies and cold chillin'. The optimistic "Born and Raised in Compton" offers a remedy to the hard life in the ghetto. Alex Henderson of Allmusic rated the album with 4/5 stars and wrote "in 1991 begged the question: does rap really need yet another gangsta rapper? Indeed, by that time, rap had become saturated with numerous soundalike gangsta rappers -- most of whom weren't even a fraction as interesting as such pioneers of the style as Ice-T, N.W.A, and Schoolly D. Nonetheless, rapper/producer Quik turned out to be more noteworthy than most of the gangsta rappers who debuted that year. Lyrically, the former gang member (who grew up in the same L.A. ghetto as N.W.A, Compton) doesn't provide any major insights. His sex/malt liquor/gang-banging imagery was hardly groundbreaking in 1991. But his hooks, beats, and grooves (many of which owe a debt to 1970s soul and funk) are likeable enough.
Kendrick Lamar named it as his favorite album of all time.
Accolades
Quik Is The Name appeared on several critics' top albums lists. In 1998, the album was listed on The Source's list of the 100 greatest Rap albums of all time list. The album was listed at number 28 of "The 50 Greatest Debut Albums in Hip-Hop History" by Complex. In 2022, Rolling Stone included the album in their list of The 200 Greatest Hip-Hop Albums of All Time at 156.
Track listing
signifies an additional producer.
Personnel
Credits for Quik Is the Name adapted from Allmusic.
2nd II None - vocals
AMG - vocals
Courtney Branch - engineer, executive producer, mixing, producer
Hi-C - vocals
Greg Jessie - executive producer
The Real Richie Rich - engineer, synth programmer
Stan Jones - bass, guitar
Tracy Kendrick - engineer, executive producer, mixing, producer
DJ Quik - keyboards, mixing, producer
Joe Shay - engineer
Liz Sroka - engineer
Howie Weinberg - mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1991 debut albums
DJ Quik albums
Albums produced by Courtney Branch
Albums produced by DJ Quik
Profile Records albums
Hip hop albums by American artists |
4034706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapila%20Wijegunawardene | Kapila Wijegunawardene | Kapila Indaka Weerakkody Wijegunawardene (born 23 November 1964) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in two Test matches and 26 One Day Internationals from 1988 to 1992.
In his second Test match, he claimed 7 wickets in the match. He recorded his best bowling figures in an innings by claiming 4 wickets including Imran Khan, Javed Miandad, and Salem Malik in this match.
Kapila received the opportunity to represent Sri Lanka in 1992 Cricket World Cup. He went wicket-less in the two outings he got against Zimbabwe and Pakistan.
He represented Colombo Cricket Club in domestic cricket and at international level, the selectors always considered him as a limited-over player.
Later, Kapila worked as the chairman of the selectors for Sri Lanka men's national team.
1964 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Colombo Cricket Club cricketers
Alumni of S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia |
4034708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Loring%20Jackson | Charles Loring Jackson | Charles Loring Jackson (April 4, 1847 – October 31, 1935) was the first significant organic chemist in the United States. He brought organic chemistry to the United States from Germany and educated a generation of American organic chemists.
Personal life
Charles Loring Jackson was born in Boston on April 4, 1845. He graduated from Harvard College in 1867 after studying in private schools in Boston. He joined the Harvard chemistry department as an assistant lecturer immediately after graduation and on his twenty-first birthday became an assistant professor in 1871. He was the third member of the department which consisted of Josiah Parsons Cooke and Henry Barker Hill.
In 1870, Jackson developed a chemistry course which evolved into Chemistry I, that he taught for more than forty years.
As an adult Jackson enjoyed amateur theatricals and writing poetry and romantic fiction. In retirement he enjoyed gardening at his beautiful estate in Pride's Crossing near Beverly, Massachusetts.
Learning chemistry
While studying chemistry at Harvard in 1873, Jackson had a slight attack of rheumatic fever. When he returned back to work his professor advised that he take a year's leave of absence and study in Europe. He, therefore, traveled to Heidelberg, Germany to study at Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg. There he trained under Robert Bunsen, a specialist in gas analysis and platinum metals. Although he did not intend to make organic chemistry his specialty, he also worked with the organic chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann. However, Hofmann inspired Jackson to pursue organic chemistry as a career. Jackson was known to have said that he learned to "use his mind" under Hofmann, "an activity that Bunsen rather discouraged."
During Jackson's time in Heidelberg Hofmann was writing his Faraday Lectures on Justus von Liebig and had Jackson correct his English. This was a great opportunity for Jackson to develop an intimate association with Hofmann.
In 1874 Jackson published his first paper which dealt with organic selenium compounds.
Research at Harvard
In 1875 after returning to Harvard Jackson synthesized the first new organic compound made in a Harvard laboratory, p-bromobenzyl bromide. This provided a method of producing substituted benzyl compounds with interesting results, such as a synthesis of anthracene. In the following years he developed syntheses of flavoring compounds curcumin and vanillin. He also synthesised benzine tri-sulfonic acid and developed what is now a traditional method of nitrating organic materials, preliminary sulfonation followed by nitration. In the late 1880s he discovered the reaction between highly substituted aromatic halides and malonic ester in which a halogen radical is replaced by a hydrogen, his most prolific source of scientific publications. He also did considerable work on the derivatives of o-quinone, although he missed the discovery of the parent compound by only a small margin.
The European connection
The importance of Jackson's studies in Europe to the development of the organic chemistry industry in the United States should not be underestimated. In the 1870s when Jackson traveled to Europe there literally was no organic synthesis being done in the United States either in academia or in industry. This short-coming became very evident with the advent of World War I and World War II when the supply of strategic organic materials from Germany to the United States was cut off. Had the United States been unable to quickly develop an organic synthesis capability, the outcome of the World Wars might have been quite different.
Several of Jackson's students at Harvard, Roger Adams, Farrington Daniels, Frank C. Whitmore, James B. Sumner and James Bryant Conant to name a few, were instrumental in developing organic synthesis in the United States. Some of them had traveled to Germany to study organic synthesis using the connections Jackson had established.
In Jackson's time academic research was generally quite open, resulting in an open and internationalist philosophy among scientists. The World Wars put this philosophy at odds with commonly held beliefs about national security, intellectual property, trade secrets and technology leakage.
Accomplishments
"In 1897, he received the coveted Erving professorship. He belonged to the American and the German chemical societies and the American and the British Associations for the Advancement of Science, being a corresponding member of the latter. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and to the Natural Academy of Sciences in 1883. From 1894 to 1903, he was Chairman of the Division of Chemistry. Due to his interest in the student body, he was, for fifty years, a proctor in the dormitories of the Harvard Yard--Gray 5 from 1868 to 1871 and Holsworthy II from 1871 to 1918."
Publications
Fiction
Charles Loring Jackson, The Gold Point and Other Strange Stories, Stratford Company of Boston (1926)
Scientific
Charles Loring Jackson, Biographical memoir of Henry Barker Hill, 1849-1903, National Academy of Sciences (January 1, 1905) ASIN B0008AF3CW
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain colored substances derived from nitro compounds, ASIN B0008CBY1E
Charles Loring Jackson, Charles Robert Sanger: [Biographical notice], Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, ASIN B0008CWAYE
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain nitro derivatives of the vicinal tribrombenzol, Harvard University—Chemical Laboratory Contributions, ASIN B0008CBYHS
Charles Loring Jackson, Memoir of Josiah Parsons Cooke, 1827-1894, National Academy of Sciences (January 1, 1902) ASIN B0008AF390
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain derivatives of orthobenzoquinone, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1900) ASIN B0008CBYIC
Charles Loring Jackson, On the action of sodic ethylate on tribromdinitrobenzol, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1898) ASIN B0008CBYH8
Charles Loring Jackson, On certain derivatives of symmetrical trichlorbenzol, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1898) ASIN B0008CBYHI
Charles Loring Jackson, On the oxide of dichlormethoxyquinone-dibenzoylmethylacetal, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (January 1, 1898) ASIN B0008CBYI2
Charles Loring Jackson, Samuel Cabot, John Wilson and Son, University Press (January 1, 1908) ASIN B0008D0U36
References
Frank C. Whitmore, Charles Loring Jackson, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 18, No. 8 (1926)
External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
19th-century American chemists
American science writers
American short story writers
Harvard College alumni
Harvard University faculty
Organic chemists
1847 births
1935 deaths
20th-century American chemists |
4034723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arutani%E2%80%93Sape%20languages | Arutani–Sape languages | Arutani–Sape, also known as Awake–Kaliana or Kalianan, is a proposed language family that includes two of the most poorly documented languages in South America, both of which are now extinct. They are at best only distantly related. Kaufman (1990) found a connection convincing, but Migliazza & Campbell (1988) maintained that there is no evidence for linking them. The two languages are,
Arutani (also known as Aoaqui, Auake, Auaque, Awake, Oewaku, Orotani, Uruak, Urutani)
Sape (also known as Caliana, Chirichano, Kaliana, Kariana)
Kaufman (1990) states that a further connection with Máku (Maku of Roraima/Auari) is "promising". (See Macro-Puinavean languages.)
Vocabulary
Migliazza (1978)
Migliazza (1978) gives the following Swadesh list table for Uruak, Sape, and Máku ("Maku"):
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! no. !! gloss !! Uruak !! Sape !! Máku
|-
| 1 || I || maykate/ma-/tsa- || mɨ || teːne
|-
| 2 || thou || kaykate/ka- || kapɨ || eːne
|-
| 3 || we || materya || mɨyono || teːkene
|-
| 4 || this || kiʔa || tɨsa || ki
|-
| 5 || that || ayta || tɨsami || kwa
|-
| 6 || who || maʔayokə || pante || toči
|-
| 7 || what || maya || pemente || čini
|-
| 8 || not || ãʔãy || atsam/ɨka || laʔa
|-
| 9 || all || kitate || kawen || peʔtaka
|-
| 10 || many || kaʔtyaw || kawen || eːsuʔu
|-
| 11 || one || kyoana/kyano || koka || nokuðamu
|-
| 12 || two || komana || kɨrya || baʔta
|-
| 13 || big || kwaya || konən || bote
|-
| 14 || long || šawi || karya || kaxi
|-
| 15 || small || sikipi || to || kudi
|-
| 16 || woman || kari || kapay || neːlabə
|-
| 17 || man || maʔkya || kwa || laːsəba
|-
| 18 || person || kina || kamon || dzoʔkude
|-
| 19 || fish || kotom || pə || meʔkəsa
|-
| 20 || bird || yopsa || čam || iːduba
|-
| 21 || dog || toari || to || dzoʔwi
|-
| 22 || louse || koʔka || čo || iːne
|-
| 23 || tree || šapi || tapa || oːba
|-
| 24 || seed || kuka || ku || küːte
|-
| 25 || leaf || aña || muyra || deːmu
|-
| 26 || root || aša || tu || leːmekeči
|-
| 27 || bark || kõhã || kui/kuy || čiːmu
|-
| 28 || skin || kõhã || kuy || čːmu
|-
| 29 || flesh || mitsa || mɨan || muči
|-
| 30 || blood || kaña || tsom || leːme
|-
| 31 || bone || mo || wina || aːmu
|-
| 32 || grease || wiñaya || kun || eːkünü
|-
| 33 || egg || kokama || kupi || küʔte
|-
| 34 || horn || širipya || wina || eːkatso
|-
| 35 || tail || mašya || upi || neːto
|-
| 36 || feather || oša || ičam upa || kuːte
|-
| 37 || hair || oša || pa || kuːte
|-
| 38 || head || kwate || moynaku || keːte
|-
| 39 || ear || watika || awi || čikaʔte
|-
| 40 || eye || kohap || amku || sukute
|-
| 41 || nose || wa/kwa || ayku || pi
|-
| 42 || mouth || maʔa || itu || wɨːči
|-
| 43 || tooth || ka || pɨka || wuːmu
|-
| 44 || tongue || takõhã || matu || duːte
|-
| 45 || claw || šopti || ičam aypa || sukuči
|-
| 46 || foot || šate || ikora || basuku
|-
| 47 || knee || korokopsa || mɨney || basəkate
|-
| 48 || hand || maša/mama || piča apa || suku
|-
| 49 || belly || tsya || tukuy || sɨkɨči
|-
| 50 || neck || šoropaña || pokoy || lipite
|-
| 51 || breasts || kotsa || wi || čüčü
|-
| 52 || heart || kirakote || pokowi || səbuku
|-
| 53 || liver || ika || mapi || iːsa
|-
| 54 || drink || oyta/ayta || pe || mi
|-
| 55 || eat || pa/kapa || ko/ku || ki
|-
| 56 || bite || psa/pasa || pu || bü
|-
| 57 || see || kina || mow || ku
|-
| 58 || hear || ko || man || ne
|-
| 59 || know || kina || mow || nimi
|-
| 60 || sleep || anə || paku/ku || we
|-
| 61 || die || atay || siya || kinə
|-
| 62 || kill || rio (beat) || kaya || šipinu
|-
| 63 || swim || ša || pə || lawa
|-
| 64 || fly || šan || karu || nü
|-
| 65 || walk || ma || paru || te
|-
| 66 || come || mana || ma || na
|-
| 67 || lie down || kio/taa || pɨre || ða
|-
| 68 || sit || naka || maye || sɨkɨ
|-
| 69 || stand || kara || pa || kəy
|-
| 70 || give || matso || emeyma || se
|-
| 71 || say || mataka/tsama || mo || šini/šibu
|-
| 72 || sun || uši || ñam || keʔle
|-
| 73 || moon || aʔtap || tapo || ya
|-
| 74 || star || okihat || ñayino || ðaoku
|-
| 75 || water || akohã || nam || naʔme
|-
| 76 || rain || akohã || nam posoe || naʔme
|-
| 77 || stone || muka || takuypa || liːne
|-
| 78 || sand || iñãkosa || inoku || lunükü
|-
| 79 || earth || iñã || inokučin || boʔte
|-
| 80 || cloud || karapaso || usəyna || sapənawi
|-
| 81 || smoke || šana || yui || čipe
|-
| 82 || fire || ani || šoko || nühẽ
|-
| 83 || ash || šoni || tukutu || meːte
|-
| 84 || burn || asipa || šoko || we/niʔ
|-
| 85 || path || aʔma || mu || iːkilu
|-
| 86 || mountain || piʔa || takwa || wiːke
|-
| 87 || red || araʔwi || ayña || leme
|-
| 88 || green || atehe || šanurua || nüčü
|-
| 89 || yellow || pišio || pusia || kaləmadə
|-
| 90 || white || araway || sae || kaləmate
|-
| 91 || black || sipan/soson || tsaiña || kabi/weʔči
|-
| 92 || night || tose || useyna || iːkisu
|-
| 93 || hot || kuri || ɨrɨa || we
|-
| 94 || cold || roma/kima || unkoya || antsu/mihu
|-
| 95 || full || topi || ukwa || suku
|-
| 96 || new || koma || yenkoña || asi
|-
| 97 || good || taseri || amayñakoa || kuduma/eːdi
|-
| 98 || round || siari || način || kuməsa
|-
| 99 || dry || šona || patokwa || kaːte
|-
| 100 || name || rawi || marua || entse
|}
See also
Macro-Puinavean languages
Notes
References
Hammarström, Harald. 2010. 'The status of the least documented language families in the world'. In Language Documentation & Conservation, v 4, p 183
Further reading
Armellada, Cesareo de & Baltasar de Matallana. 1942. Exploración del Paragua. Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 8, 61-110.
Coppens, Walter. 2008 [1983]. Los Uruak (Arutani). In Miguel Ángel Perera (ed.) Los aborígenes de Venezuela, 2nd edition, Volume 2, 705-737. Caracas: Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales/Instituto Caribe de Antropología y Sociología.
Rosés Labrada, Jorge Emilio, Thiago Chacon & Francia Medina. 2020. Arutani (Venezuela and Brazil) – Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description 17, 170-177. London: EL Publishing.
Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada & Francia Medina (2019). Sapé (Venezuela) — Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description, vol 16. London: EL Publishing. pp. 169-175.
Indigenous languages of Northern Amazonia
Languages of Brazil
Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
Proposed language families
Macro-Puinavean languages |
4034728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzan%20Rum | Cruzan Rum | Cruzan Rum ( ) is a rum producer in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands owned by Beam Suntory. Founded in 1760, it claims the distinction of being "the most honored rum distillery in the world." For eight generations, and through various changes in corporate ownership, it has been managed by the Nelthropp family.
Background
The distillery is also the largest supplier of American private and distributor label rum. Cruzan Rum also makes a pure cane distillate alcohol (in 189-proof), which can be found for sale in the medicine sections of many grocery stores in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Cruzan is one of two rum distilleries which, due to their place in American history, are part of the American Whiskey Trail.
Cruzan rum is made similar to a traditional Cuban style that produces an exceptionally clean, and lighter bodied rum. Although Cruzan rums generally have had mixed success at international spirit ratings competitions, the single-barrel has performed extremely well. Cruzan's most notable showing was from 2009 raters at the Beverage Testing Institute who gave it a 96 (out of 100). Proof66 rates the single-barrel amongst the Top 20 rums in the world.
Distillery
The Cruzan Rum Distillery (formerly known as Estate Diamond) has been in operation for more than 250 years. Tours of the distillery and its historic grounds including original sugar mill run 6 days a week in Frederiksted.
Rums
Cruzan 151°: aged for a minimum of one year in American oak barrels. The winner of silver medal at the 2011 San Francisco World Spirits Competition and gold medal at the 2002 Beverage Testing Institute.
Cruzan 9: spiced rum named for the 9 different herbs used to make it and also the 9 districts of St. Croix.
Cruzan Rum Cream: a blend of Cruzan light rum, pure Irish cream, caramel, vanilla and other flavors. (discontinued)
Cruzan Velvet Cinn: a traditional horchata blend of Cruzan light rum, rich dairy cream, and cinnamon.
Estate
Cruzan Estate Light: aged two years.
Cruzan Estate Dark: aged two years, available in both 80- and 151-proof.
Cruzan Estate Diamond: aged five years. Back in production - now available as both a dark and a light.
Single barrel
Cruzan Single Barrel: a blend of rums aged 5-12 years then rebarreled in new oak barrels for additional aging. The winner of double gold medals and the title "World's Best Rum" at the 2000, and 2010 San Francisco World Spirits Competition, as well as numerous other gold medals at various spirits competitions.
Black strap
Cruzan Black Strap: a heavier bodied version of Cruzan light rum with the addition of blackstrap molasses from tropical sugar cane. According to Gary Nelthropp, Master Distiller for Cruzan, there is no blackstrap molasses in the flavoring component. It is named after blackstrap molasses solely for marketing purposes.
Light rum
Cruzan Light Aged Rum is aged in oak for at least one year and then carbon filtered for clarity.
Flavored rum
Branded as Cruzan Tropical Rums, white rum blended with flavorings. Available in raspberry, coconut, mango, vanilla, pineapple, banana, black cherry, citrus, guava, key lime, passion fruit, orange, peach, blueberry lemonade and strawberry.
A watermelon variety was introduced in 2019.
References
External links
Official website
The history of Cruzan Rum
Economy of the United States Virgin Islands
American rums
Alcoholic drink brands
Beam Suntory
1760 establishments in North America
1760s establishments in the Caribbean |
4034737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta%20Youth%20Parliament | Alberta Youth Parliament | The Alberta Youth Parliament (AYP) is one of a number of provincial model youth parliaments that has its origins in the "boys work" movement of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is the oldest youth parliament in Alberta, and the longest continuously operating youth parliament in Canada. Its flagship session occurs every December in the Alberta Legislature, and it hosts a variety of smaller events throughout each year. It is open to all youths in Alberta who are between the ages of 15-21.
Overview
The central focus of the organization is its parliamentary program. The main parliamentary session occurs during the last week of December in the Alberta Legislature. Throughout each year, the parliament organizes events such as public speaking and debate, community service, and social events. The cabinet also meets throughout the year to plan events, discuss the operations of the parliament, and prepare for the annual winter session.
The parliament's goals have evolved from the TUXIS "four-fold" program to develop the mental, physical, social and spiritual well-being of its members and all youth. AYP is a non-denominational spiritual youth Parliament which recently reaffirmed its non-exclusionary spiritual foundation. It believes that exposure to different points of view encourages tolerance of varying interpretations of religion, faith, and spirituality.
Activities
AYP holds an annual session from December 26 to 31. The focus of session is the parliamentary sittings where the members learn parliamentary procedure and debate legislation on topics of interest. In addition to the parliamentary procedure and debating activities, members attending the annual session participate in various social action and devotional events.
The parliament hosts smaller events throughout the year that are tailored towards aspects such as public speaking and debate, and community service. It also partakes in a miniature session every May Long Weekend. Every second year, the four western Canadian youth parliaments participate in a joint-mini session which is hosted on a rotating basis. In its off-years, AYP hosts a normal mini-session.
AYP is a founding member of the Western Canada Youth Parliament. It was also a founding member and participant in the now-defunct Youth Parliament of Canada/Parlement jeunesse du Canada.
Organizational structure
The Executive Committee consists of the Premier, the Leader of the Opposition, the Deputy Premier, and the Deputy Leader of the Opposition (formerly known as the Alternate Leader of the Opposition). They are elected at Session by the members of the parliament and serve a one-year term. The Executive Committee is colloquially referred to as the "Front Four" and they run the parliament by appointing the Front Bench: Ministers for the Cabinet and Deputies for the Shadow Cabinet. The current Executive Committee, elected at the 102nd Session, is Simran Ghotra as Premier, Sarah Clark as Leader of the Opposition, Carson Flett as Deputy Premier, and Seham Ahmed as Deputy Leader of the Opposition.
The current Front Bench is:
Cabinet:
Provincial Secretary: Terrence Wong
Deputy Provincial Secretary: Patrick Cyr
Minister of Finance - Ajminder Sanghotra
Minister of Community and Social Services- Reeana Tazreean
Deputy Minister of Community and Social Services - Arbnora (Abby) Beka
Minister of Education - Leo Huang
Deputy Minister of Education - Kaydence Gillespie
Minister of External Affairs: Skylar Johnson
Associate Ministers of External Affairs - Sabbena Kaur
Minister without Portfolio - Mona Mohamed, Daniel Zander, and Donovan Grover
History
The first Session of the Older Boys' Parliament of Alberta was first held in the Legislative Chamber of the Provincial Government in Edmonton, from December 28 to 30, 1920. The Mayor of Edmonton, D.M. Duggan, acted as lieutenant governor. Armour Ford was elected as the first Speaker. The first Premier was Edward Hunter Gowan. The Leader of the Opposition was James Robin Davidson.
Like many of the other Canadian Youth Parliaments, AYP was sponsored by the Boys’ Work Board of the provincial Religious Education Council (“REC”). AYP originally met under the name “Alberta Older Boy's Parliament”. The Alberta Older Boy's Parliament added “TUXIS” to its name in 1932. “TUXIS” stands for “Training for Service, with Christ (represented with an 'X' for the Greek letter 'chi') in the center, and you and I on either side, with no-one but Christ between us”. An alternative interpretation is "Training Under Christ In Service."
It was the last of these youth parliaments to retain its “TUXIS” appellation and maintain its Christian character, but has since become a spiritual, but non-denominational organization. The REC was a coalition of religious organizations, the most significant of which was the United Church). The REC of Alberta ceased to exist in 1962. As a result, the TUXIS and Older Boy's Parliament of Alberta Alumni Society was formed. The members of this Society now provide sponsorship, including financial backing and continuity, of TUXIS.
The 60th Session of the Parliament approved a resolution inviting young women to attend the Parliament and share in the companionship of TUXIS. This same year also approved a resolution to change the name from "TUXIS and Older Boys' Parliament of Alberta" to "TUXIS Parliament of Alberta." Young women first attended the 62nd Session in 1981 at Red Deer and soon entered into the leadership when LaVonne Rosvick was elected Premier for the 67th Session.
The parliament celebrated its 100th Session in 2019, and its 100th anniversary in 2020; the latter Session was conducted virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike most other Canadian Youth Parliaments founded during the same time, AYP met continuously throughout the Great Depression and World War II. As a result, AYP has the longest uninterrupted history of annual sessions of any youth parliament in Canada. The TUXIS Parliament of Alberta voted to change its operating name to the Alberta Youth Parliament during its 102nd Session in December 2022, and the change was ratified by the Alumni Council on March 20, 2022.
Notable alumni
Clarence Campbell (Former NHL commissioner)
Robert Clark (Former Alberta MLA)
Gary Dickson (Former Alberta MLA)
Bob Hawkesworth (Former Alberta MLA)
David King (Former Alberta MLA and Cabinet Minister)
Danielle Larivee (Former Alberta MLA and Cabinet Minister)
Murray Smith (Former Alberta MLA and Cabinet Minister)
Richard Starke (Former Alberta MLA and Former Cabinet Minister)
See also
Western Canada Youth Parliament
Youth Parliament of Canada/Parlement jeunesse du Canada
History of Youth Work
References
Alberta
Educational organizations based in Alberta |
4034741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globix%20Corporation | Globix Corporation | Globix Corporation is a company that provided internet infrastructure and network services; it went bankrupt following the dot-com bubble, recovered, and was bought by RCN Corporation in 2007.
History
Globix Corporation was founded in 1989 as Bell Technology Group, a value-added reseller of computers; Marc Bell served as CEO from its founding until 2001.
In the mid-1990s the company expanded into Internet products and services and completed an IPO in January 1996.
By June 1998 the company offered "dedicated Internet access, Web Hosting, Co-location, network and systems integration, interactive media development (including 2-D and 3-D animation) and instructor-led corporate training" and changed its name to Globix Corporation.
During the dot-com bubble, Globix bought an eight-story building in New York City to serve as a data center, which was announced at Internet World 2000 by Bell, who cited "tremendous demand for our managed Internet Data Center services". The company already had nearly 300,000 square feet of data center space, and planned four additional centers. The company completed a $600 million bond offering in 2001 to fund further expansion.
As the dot-com bubble burst, in August 2001 the company hired a new CEO and in January 2002, Globix filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy; its market capitalization had fallen from almost $1 billion in 1999 to $5.87 million. Globix emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2002, with creditors receiving $120 million in notes in exchange for the $600 million in bonds they held. In October 2003 Globix sold its New York City data center to fund operations and retire some of its debt.
In November 2003 Globix acquired Aptegrity Inc., a managed services provider focused on Web-based applications. In July 2004, Globix announced it intended to merge with NEON Communications, Inc., a provider of optical networking to carriers and large companies in the US Northeast and mid-Atlantic, and the deal closed in March 2005. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, Globix reported a net loss of $41.4 million and had $95.8 million in debt.
In late 2005 and 2006 Globix restructured and paid down debt by selling off assets, including its New York city headquarters, a UK subsidiary, and its hosting business, the latter of which it sold to Quality Technology Services.
In February 2007 Globix changed its name to NEON Communications Group, Inc.
In June 2007 RCN Corporation announced it intended to acquire NEON and the deal closed in November 2007.
References
Companies based in New York City |
4034743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd%20II%20None | 2nd II None | 2nd II None is a rap group from Compton, California. It consists of cousins KK (born Kelton L. McDonald) and Gangsta D (born Deon Barnett). They were members of the Elm Street Piru Bloods.
History
Early years
Their career started in 1987 after the release of "The Red Tape", they signed with Profile Records. They released their first album in 1991, the self-titled 2nd II None on Profile Records. Their second album, Classic 220 on Arista Records, released in 1999. 2nd II None and DJ Quik produced led album production.
However, the most lasting and notable part of 2nd II None's legacy is having their seminal track and most popular single, "Up N' Da Club," be featured in The Sopranos episode "Full Leather Jacket." During the scene featuring the track, Furio Giunta, played by Federico Castelluccio, and associate Gaetano Giarizzo visit would-be gangsters Matt Bevilaqua and Sean Gismonte at their apartment to collect the hapless duo's kickup from a string of safe robberies committed with Christoper Moltisanti.
After collecting a 10 percent cut equaling $7,500 (it's all there), Furio says to Matt "Gimme'a one thousand dollars." Matt replies "one thousand more?" and makes an Italian hand motion. Humiliated, and wearing nothing but tight underwear together, Matt and Sean have no choice but to collapse to Furio's extortion. Furio then purported in Italian that Matt and Sean "suck each other's cocks." After a brief confusion because of the obvious language barrier, Gaetano tells them to have a nice day. Furio and Gaetano depart the domicile, leaving the door widely ajar while Matt and Sean stare out into the hall in latent homoerotic disbelief.
Some internet Sopranos scholars believe that without the addition of "Up N' Da Club," the scene would have failed and put the rest of the series's narrative integrity at risk.
In 2008, their 1994 unreleased album Tha Shit was leaked on the internet.
Discography
Studio albums
Unreleased albums
The Shit (1994)
Compilation albums
Tha Kollective (2009)
Singles
References
Hip hop groups from California
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Profile Records artists
Musicians from Compton, California
Gangsta rap groups
1987 establishments in California
Hip hop duos
Family musical groups
American musical duos
African-American musical groups
Bloods
Death Row Records artists |
4034761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%20Supreme%20Court | Colorado Supreme Court | The Colorado Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Colorado. Located in Denver, the Court consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices.
Powers and duties
Appellate jurisdiction
Discretionary appeals
The Court principally handles certiorari petitions. Certiorari petitions ask the Supreme Court to grant an additional review of a case. The primary review [appeal of right] was either done by:
Colorado Court of Appeals in appeals from courts of general jurisdiction [District Courts], or
Courts of general jurisdiction [District Courts] in appeals from courts of limited jurisdiction [County or Municipal Courts].
Only a small fraction of certiorari petitions are granted by the Colorado Supreme Court. From petitions filed in 2015 and 2016, only 6% of all cases were granted an additional review. It takes three of the seven justices to vote in favor of a certiorari petition for it to be granted.
Appeals of right
In addition, the Colorado Supreme Court has jurisdiction over direct appeals in cases where a trial court finds a law unconstitutional, in death penalty cases, in water law cases, in certain election cases, in interlocutory appeals (i.e., appeals in the middle of a case) in certain matters of exceptional importance for which an ordinary appeal is not a sufficient remedy, and in certain other cases.
Original jurisdiction and supervisory powers
The Colorado Supreme Court also has original jurisdiction over attorney discipline proceedings, over advisory questions presented by the state legislature or the state attorney general, and questions referred to it by the federal courts. Furthermore, the Colorado Supreme Court has general supervisory and budget authority over the judicial branch, the court rule making process, and the regulation of attorneys. Finally, the Colorado Supreme Court makes appointments to a number of boards and commissions, which often has the effect of providing a tie breaking member in situations where the other appointees are equally divided on partisan lines.
Membership
Current makeup
The current Colorado Supreme Court's membership, and the date each Justice was appointed, is as follows:
Appointment process
When a vacancy on the court occurs, a commission established by the state constitution reviews submitted applications. The commission submits three names to the Governor. The Governor of Colorado then has 15 days to select the next justice from that list.
The justice selected serves a provisional two-year term before facing a retention election. The voters then chose whether to retain or not retain the justice. If the justice is retained, they go on to serve a full 10-year term before the next retention election.
If a justice is not retained, the appointment process starts again. However, no appellate judge has ever lost a retention election since the system was put in place in 1966. The Justices are not elected as partisan officials, although they are initially appointed by a partisan elected official.
In 2006, an effort to change this system of retaining judges by initiative was rejected by voters, in part due to a campaign against the initiative which had strong support from both Democratic and Republican members of the Colorado Bar Association.
The chief justice is selected by the justices from amongst themselves.
Yearly pay
The pay is set by the legislature in the yearly budget. The budget year in Colorado starts on July 1.
2006
Chief Justice – $125,656
Associate Justice -$122,972
2016
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court earned $176,799 per year.
2017 – 2018
Chief Justice – $181,219
Associate Justice – $177,350
2018 – 2019
Chief Justice – $186,656
Associate Justice – $182,671
2019 – 2020
Chief Justice – $192,256
Associate Justice – $188,151
Court building
While there is a chamber originally dedicated to the Colorado Supreme Court in the state capitol building, the Colorado Supreme Court and Colorado Court of Appeals were located in their own building across the street from the state capitol from 1977 to 2010. In August 2010 the building was imploded to make way for a larger court building. Construction of the new building began in September 2010. That new building, dubbed the Ralph L. Carr Colorado Judicial Center, opened in early 2013. Named for a former governor of Colorado, the building is located at 2 East 14th Avenue in Denver.
The State Supreme Court Building was a box-like structure raised off the ground by two square columns located on the east and west ends of the building. The only parts of the building actually on the ground level were the columns, which contained the entrances and elevators for the building.
The underside of the building featured a 150-foot mural designed by Colorado artist Angelo di Benedetto. It depicted several notable figures, including Hammurabi, Moses and Martin Luther King Jr. The figures represented persons who are believed to have made significant contributions to law and justice. Directly beneath the mural was a large window embedded into the ground that looked down into the underground law library. Persons in the library were able to look up onto the mural via the ground level glass window. The mural was removed before the building was demolished, but its ultimate fate is uncertain.
The courtroom itself was located on the fifth floor of the building (the ground level columns being the first floor). The entrance to the courtroom consisted of two large brass colored metallic doors with a textured design on them. The courtroom was dimly lit with two stained glass windows depicting previous Supreme Court Justices. The well of the courtroom was circular, with a podium for counsel in the center. The podium was a circular column that resembled a container of lipstick that, unlike the rest of the courtroom, was well lit. It faced a semicircular bench with seats for seven justices. Behind the bench was a large drape through which the Justices entered the courtroom.
The former building was designed by John Rogers and RNL Design. See RNL Architecture.
The Ralph L. Carr Justice Center was designed by Fentress Architects. The judicial wing is four stories tall and contains the Supreme Court courtroom and chambers and Court of Appeals courtrooms. The justice center also includes an adjacent wing that is a twelve-story office tower containing the office of the State Attorney General as well as offices for other State agencies.
The new Justice Center is named for former Colorado Governor Ralph Lawrence Carr, who served from 1939 to 1943 and was noted for his opposition to Japanese American internment during World War II.
Publication of opinions
All opinions of the Colorado Supreme Court are published. Court opinions are initially released as slip opinions and posted on the court's website. They are ultimately published in Westlaw's Pacific Reporter, a regional case reporter that is the designated official reporter for the State of Colorado. Westlaw also publishes the state-specific Colorado Reporter, repeating all Colorado cases from the Pacific Reporter and reusing that reporter's pagination and citations. The Colorado Bar Association also publishes all Colorado Supreme Court opinions in its monthly journal, The Colorado Lawyer.
Between 1864 and 1980, the State published its own official reporter, Colorado Reports. Concurrent coverage in the Pacific Reporter began in 1883.
Notable cases
In re Ballot Title #3, 2019CO57
Facts: The Petitioners Hedges and Briggs brought a proposed Initiative that would repeal the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights (TABOR), Colorado Constitution Article X, Section 20. The Title Board found the initiative violated the Colorado constitution's single subject clause for a ballot initiative.
Issue: Did the Title Board make a mistake in finding the ballot initiative is more than a single subject?
Decision: Five of the seven justices found the Title Board did make a mistake. Justice Gabriel wrote the decision; Chief Justice Coats, and Justices Hood, Hart, and Samour join. Their reasons included:
1. The initiative only has one objective, the repeal of TABOR. The subjects of the initiative are connected and its subject matter is properly connected.
2. There is nothing in the initiative that could be read to hide something, or pose a risk of surprise on the voters.
3. The initiative was written simply and plainly.
Analysis: Prior case law, determining that the repeal of a constitutional provision with multiple subjects violates the single subject clause, is not controlling here for a few reasons:
1. In re Proposed Initiative 1996-4, 916 P.2d 528, 533 (Colo. 1996) only mentioned this principal in dicta, meaning that holding was done as a hypothetical and was not in resolving the case at hand.
2. All other cases citing that holding all referred back to the Proposed Initiative case without further analysis, or its analysis was again in dicta.
Dissent: Justice Márquez writes a dissent and Justice Boatright joins.
Holding: An initiative that repeals a constitutional provision with multiple subjects does not violate the constitution's single subject clause so long as it passes the standard single subject test:
1. It effectuates one general objective or purpose;
2. Does not treat incongruous subjects in the same measure;
3. Comprises subject matter that is necessarily and properly connected;
4. Contains nothing surreptitious or hidden; and
5. Presents no risk of surprise or fraud on voters.
Colo. Oil & Gas v. Martinez, 2019CO3
Facts: The Respondents proposed a new rule to the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission in 2013. The rule required the commission to only grant new drilling if it would not impair the environment. The commission determined it did not have the statutory authority to grant such a rule. On review, the Denver District Court overruled the commission. The Court of Appeal's (Case 2016CA564) then over ruled the District Court and agreed with the Commission's decision.
Issue: Did the Commission have the legal authority to approve the Respondent's proposed rule?
Decision: The unanimous opinion was written by Justice Gabriel. It found three reasons the Commission's decision should stand.
1. The Court has a limited role in reviewing a decision by the Commission not to implement a new rule.
2. The new rule would run counter to the authority given to the Commission by the State Legislature.
3. The Commission was already working with another agency to fix the concerns raised by the Respondents.
Holding: The Supreme Court upheld the Court of Appeals' decision, reversed the Denver District Court's decision, and upheld the decision of the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission.
Union of Taxpayers v. Aspen, 2018CO36
Facts: In 2012 the City of Aspen implemented a $.20 fee per bag at grocery stores. The city wanted to reduce waste and encourage citizens to bring reusable bags.
Issue: The issue was whether the levy was a tax or a fee under the law. A tax requires voter approval under the TABOR amendment in the Colorado constitution.
Decision: The majority opinion was written by Chief Justice Rice. She and Justices Márquez, Gabriel, and Hart determined the amount was a fee because it was not levied to raise money for the city and had a specific purpose for the funds.
Dissent: Justices Coats, Boatright, and Hood dissented.
Holding: The decision upheld the unanimous decision by the Colorado Court of Appeals, Union of Taxpayers v. Aspen, 2015COA162.
Romer v. Evans (1996)
In 1992, Colorado voters approved an amendment to the state constitution, Amendment 2, which forbade any political subdivision within Colorado from taking any action to recognize homosexuals as a protected class of people. In 1993, a trial court issued a permanent injunction against the amendment, and the Colorado Supreme Court agreed, noting the amendment subject to "strict scrutiny" under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution and remanded the case back to the trial court to find if it could withstand strict scrutiny. The trial court concluded it could not, and the Colorado Supreme Court once again agreed in a 2–1 decision. The case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which affirmed the Colorado Supreme Court in a 6–3 decision, though by applying rational basis review instead.
Common-law same-sex marriage
In January 2021, the Colorado Supreme Court made a ruling to retroactively recognise common-law same-sex marriage.
See also
List of justices of the Colorado Supreme Court
Notes
References
External links
Colorado State Judicial Branch Homepage
Justices of the Colorado Supreme Court
Colorado
Supreme Court
1876 establishments in Colorado
Courts and tribunals established in 1876 |
4034763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley%20de%20Silva | Ashley de Silva | Ashley Matthew de Silva (born 3 December 1963) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in 3 Tests and 4 ODIs from 1986 to 1993. He is, , CEO of Sri Lanka Cricket.
De Silva was born in 1963 in Colombo into a Roman Catholic family. He attended Saint Joseph's College, Colombo, where he played in four of the annual Battle of the Saints against St. Peter's College, Colombo, the last—in 1982—as captain. He became the first former Saint Joseph's player to play Test cricket.
De Silva began his domestic cricket career for Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in the Lakspray Trophy. He later moved to Colombo Cricket Club where he was playing when the competition attained First-class cricket status in 1989.
After his playing career, de Silva became a referee as well as taking charge of one List A match as an umpire in 2011.
In 2013, de Silva became acting CEO of Sri Lanka Cricket, later taking on the role permanently.
References
External links
Ashley de Silva on ESPN
1963 births
Living people
Alumni of Saint Joseph's College, Colombo
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Colombo Cricket Club cricketers
Wicket-keepers |
4034764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaya%20and%20British%20Borneo%20dollar | Malaya and British Borneo dollar | The Malaya and British Borneo dollar (; ) was the currency of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo, Brunei and the Riau archipelago from 1953 to 1967 and was the successor of the Malayan dollar and Sarawak dollar, replacing them at par. The currency was issued by the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo. Prior to 1952, the board was known as the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya.
The Malaya and British Borneo dollar was used in Malaya after independence in 1957, and in Malaysia after its formation in 1963, as well as in Singapore after its independence in 1965. After 1967, the two countries and Brunei ended the common currency arrangement and began issuing their own currencies. However, the Malaya and British Borneo dollar continued to be legal tender until 16 January 1969. The currency was also being used in the Riau Archipelago in Indonesia prior to 1963.
History
Board of Commissioners of Currency Malaya and British Borneo
The Currency Ordinance No. 44 of 1952 of the Crown Colony of Singapore, No. 33 of 1951 of the Federation of Malaya, No. 10 of 1951 of North Borneo and No. 1 of 1951 of Sarawak implemented an agreement between those governments and the State of Brunei for the establishment of a Board of Commissioners of Currency to be the sole issuing authority in British Malaya and British Borneo.
This agreement became effective on 1 January 1952. The Board consisted of five members:
Financial Secretary of Singapore who was also the Chairman of the Board
Minister of Finance for the Federation of Malaya
Governor of Sarawak
Governor of North Borneo
British Resident of Brunei
and two further appointed by agreement of the participating governments.
End of common currency
On 12 June 1967, the currency union came to an end and Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei each began issuing their own currencies: the Malaysian dollar, Singapore dollar and Brunei dollar. The currencies of the three countries were interchangeable at par value under the Interchangeability Agreement until 8 May 1973 when the Malaysian government decided to terminate it. Brunei and Singapore continue with the Agreement until the present day.
The Board of Commissioners of Currency Malaya and British Borneo was officially wound up on 30 November 1979.
Coins
Coins were issued in bronze 1 cent square shaped coins issued between 1953 and 1961, and circular coins of similar composition from 1962, and cupro-nickel 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents. These all shared a similar basic design depicting Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and denomination on the reverse. However, the Queen was replaced with two daggers on the smaller round cent of 1962. These coins carried the same design features and sizes from the coins of the previous Commissioner's Currency and Straits series, making them relatively unchanged in appearance except for the depictions of the British monarchs. The older coins also continued to circulate alongside these bearing the new title.
Banknotes
1953 series
All notes bear the date 21 March 1953, and signed by W.C. Taylor, the Chairman of the Board of Commissioner of Currency. The 1, 5 and 10 dollar notes were printed by Waterlow and Sons, the 50 and 100 dollar notes were printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. Ltd. and the 1,000 and 10,000 dollar notes were printed by Thomas de la Rue & Co. Ltd. As a safeguard against forgery, a broken security thread and the watermark of a lion's head were incorporated in the paper before printing.
1959 series
See also
British North Borneo dollar
Malayan dollar
Sarawak dollar
Straits dollar
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Coins of Malaya and British Borneo
Global Financial Data currency histories table
Tables of modern monetary history: Asia
|-
|-
Dollar
Currencies of the Commonwealth of Nations
Obsolete currencies in Malaysian history
British Malaya
British Borneo
Economy of Brunei
Modern obsolete currencies
British rule in Singapore
Currencies of Brunei
Currencies of Malaysia
Currencies of Singapore
1953 establishments in Malaya
1967 disestablishments in Malaysia
Brunei–United Kingdom relations |
4034765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20Porcelos | Diego Rodríguez Porcelos | Diego Rodríguez Porcelos (governed 873 – c. 885), was the second Count of Castile, succeeding his father Rodrigo. He did not govern Álava, however, as his father had done, since this responsibility fell on Count Vela Jiménez. Between 882 and 884 and under the mandate of King Alfonso III of Asturias, he was in charge of the repoblación of Burgos and Ubierna.
Shortly before 882, he built a castle in Pancorbo from where he confronted a large Arab army trying to annex the valley of the Ebro in two different military campaigns in 882 and 883. He also created a defensive line along the river Arlanzón, and in 884 founded an outpost that would develop into the city of Burgos. It also appears he restored the episcopal see of Oca (ancient Auca).
His date and place of death are not agreed upon by the chronicles, though 885 is most probable as recorded in the Chronica Naierensis which states that Didacus comes...et interfectus est in Cornuta era DCCCCXXIII, secundo kalendas febroarii, that is, that he was killed in Cornudilla on 31 January, and most likely, in a battle against the Muslim troops faithful to the Banu Qasi. Nevertheless, other historians, such as Justo Pérez de Urbel give 890 as his decease date. His body, however, was supposedly buried in the hermitage of San Felices de Oca (nowadays Villafranca Montes de Oca). After his death, Castile was divided by his successors into many counties until 932.
Descendants
The name of the mother of his children, who were probably very young when he died, is not known. These were:
Gómez Díaz, who should not be confused with his namesake, Gómez Díaz count in Saldaña, appears in 932 as the alférez of Count Fernán González whose eldest son, Gonzalo Fernández, married Fronilde Gómez, possibly a daughter of this Gómez Díaz.
Gonzalo Díaz, who appears on 3 February 921 with his wife María at the Monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña donating some watermills at the Arlanzón River and declaring that he was the son of Count Diego (Gundessalbus, Didaci comite filius).
Fernando Díaz, count in Lantarón and Cerezo.
Monuments in his memory
In a roundabout near the Museum of Human Evolution in Burgos, there is an equestrian statue in his honour, made in 1983 by sculptor Juan de Ávalos. He is also depicted in a sixteenth century statue in the Arco de Santa María, in the same city.
References
Bibliography
885 deaths
Counts of Spain
9th-century births
9th-century Asturian nobility
People of the Reconquista
Counts of Castile |
4034767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renee%20Cipriano | Renee Cipriano | Renee Cipriano is currently a Partner and Environmental Lawyer with Thompson Coburn LLP in Chicago, Illinois. Ms. Cipriano provides strategic planning and counseling around statutory and regulatory requirements, enforcement and compliance.
Cipriano is the former director of the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. She left the Illinois EPA in May 2005 after almost four years as director. Her successor is Douglas P. Scott.
Views on product regulations
Cipriano sees significant tension between federal and state product regulation, including those meant to protect the environment from contaminants that have been incorporated into products. She thinks the fact that states, not federal lawmakers, adopt and enforce most of these product regulations presents "great challenges", for manufacturers, distributors, and retailers in particular.
Awards and appointments
In 2009, Cipriano was appointed to the Illinois Carbon Capture and Sequestration Legislation Commission by Illinois Senate President John J. Cullerton.
Cipriano, who is co-chair of Keep Chicago Beautiful, won its President's Lifetime Volunteer Service Award in 2011. Keep Chicago Beautiful is an affiliate of Keep America Beautiful, an environmental organization that advocates litter prevention, recycling, and community greening.
In October 2011, she was named 2012 Chicago Environmental Law Lawyer of the Year by Best Lawyers.
A February 9, 2006 Chicago Tribune article written by Michael Hawthorne[2] raised the issue of Cipriano registering as a lobbyist for Ameren less than a year after leaving public office. The article cites a 2003 ethics law barring state employees from working for companies they formerly regulated for at least one year.
However, the article also stated that an EPA spokeswoman argued "that the law doesn't apply to Cipriano's new job lobbying for a power company subject to scores of environmental regulations."
American lobbyists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
4034779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubudu%20Dassanayake | Pubudu Dassanayake | Pubudu Bathiya Dassanayake ( ; born 11 July 1970) is a Sri Lanka-born Canadian former international cricketer and coach who represented both Sri Lanka and Canada internationally. He has coached Everest Premier League side Bhairahawa Gladiators, the United States national team, Canada, and Nepal.
Dassanayake was born in Kandy, Sri Lanka. A wicket-keeper, he made his debut in first-class cricket in 1990, at age of 19. Dassanayake's international debut came in August 1993, against South Africa. He spent just over a year as Sri Lanka's first-choice wicket-keeper, with his last international matches coming on a 1994 tour of New Zealand. In total, Dassanayake represented Sri Lanka in eleven Tests and sixteen One Day International (ODI) matches. His domestic career, which was played mostly for the Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club, continued until the 2000–01 season.
After emigrating to Canada, Dassanayake made his international debut for Canada at the 2005 ICC Trophy. He also represented the team in the 2005 and 2006 editions of the ICC Intercontinental Cup. After his retirement from playing, he was appointed head coach of the national team in August 2007, having earlier spent several months as acting head coach. Dassanayake oversaw Canada's successful qualification for the 2011 World Cup, resigning as coach after the tournament's completion. He was appointed coach of Nepal in October 2011, and served until October 2015, coaching the team at the 2014 World Twenty20. Dassanayake was appointed U.S. head coach in September 2016, but resigned in July 2019.
Playing career
Sri Lanka
Dassanayake was born in Kandy, in Sri Lanka's Central Province. A wicket-keeper, he made his first-class debut in January 1990, aged 19, playing for the Colts Cricket Club during the 1989–90 season of the Lakspray Trophy. Dassanayake switched to the Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club for the 1990–91 season, but played only a single limited-overs game. He appeared in another four one-day games the following season, playing twice for Bloomfield in the Hatna Trophy and also twice for the Sinhalese Sports Club in the Premadasa Trophy. Beginning in mid-1992, Dassanayake began to be selected for representative teams, playing first-class tournaments for Central Province and a Sri Lankan under-23s team. He toured Bangladesh with Sri Lanka A in December 1992, and the following month toured South Africa with a Sri Lankan under-24s side.
Leapfrogging Ashley de Silva and Romesh Kaluwitharana (the two wicket-keepers used in Sri Lanka's previous series) for selection, Dassanayake made his international debut in August 1993, playing three Tests and two ODIs in a home series against South Africa. Prior to the first Test, he had impressed selectors by recording six dismissals in an innings in a warm-up game for a Sri Lanka Board XI. After his debut series, Dassanayake's next international was a one-off Test against the West Indies in December 1993. The following month, he was selected for a tour of India, playing in three Tests and one ODI. At the 1994 Austral-Asia Cup in the United Arab Emirates, Dassanayake played ODIs against Australia and New Zealand for the first time. His next internationals came in a home series against Pakistan in August 1994. This was followed by the Singer World Series (a quadrangular ODI tournament hosted in Sri Lanka), and then by a tour of Zimbabwe.
Dassanayake played his final international matches in December 1994, at the Mandela Trophy (a one-off ODI tournament hosted in South Africa). He was unable to maintain his batting at the standard required for international competition, averaging just 13.06 across eleven Tests and 10.62 across sixteen ODIs. In his first domestic season after being dropped from the national team, Dassanayake scored two first-class centuries, including a career-high 144 for Bloomfield against the Panadura Sports Club. Although he never returned to the senior Sri Lankan team, he did play several more series for Sri Lanka A, appearing against the United Arab Emirates and India A in December 1995, against Bangladesh and Pakistan A in February 1997, and against England A in February 1998. His domestic career with Bloomfield ended after the 2000–01 season.
Canada
Dassanayake immigrated to Canada in 2001, settling in Ontario. After meeting the residency qualifications, he made his international debut for Canada at the 2005 ICC Trophy, held in Ireland. He appeared in all seven of his team's matches, recording eight dismissals (five catches and three stumpings) and scoring 76 runs, with a highest score of 36 not out against Scotland. Later in the year, Dassanayake represented Canada in ICC Intercontinental Cup matches against Bermuda and the Cayman Islands, serving as captain in the absence of John Davison. Against Bermuda, he played solely as a batsman, with Ashish Bagai taking the gloves. Dassanayake's final appearance for Canada came in August 2006, in an Intercontinental Cup game against Kenya. He was 36 at the time, and again played solely as a batsman.
Coaching career
Canada
In August 2007 he was named as permanent coach of Canada, having been in temporary charge since June, replacing Andy Pick. Dassanayake coached Canada for almost 4 years leading them to the 2011 Cricket World Cup where the country won only its second ever World Cup Match. Following the world cup, Dassanayake elected not to renew his contract with Cricket Canada.
Nepal
Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN) appointed him as the coach of Nepal national cricket team on August 23, 2011, for six months. Fellow Sri Lankan Roy Dias coached Nepal cricket team for 9 years before leaving in 2011.
Dassanayake has been a prolific sculptor in shaping Nepalese cricket. On his coaching Nepal has clinched 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three. So far Dassannayake has been true to his words about Nepalese cricket. Three years back he had mentioned in a press conference at the Tribhuvan International Airport that he would make Nepal cricket team play ICC Cricket World Cup so far on his coaching, Nepal cricket team has made a place in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 held at Bangladesh.
In October 2015, Dassanayake stepped down as Nepal coach, citing personal reasons, ending his four year tenure in the role. His last game was against Papua New Guinea in November 2015. He was appointed as a consultant coach of Nepal for the match against Namibia in world cricket league and a match against MCC on the special request of ICC .
In December 2021, Dassanayake was re-appointed as Nepal Cricket team head Coach. Cricket Association of Nepal re-selected Pubudu as Nepal’s coach out of 15 shortlisted Coaches.He then resigned from the position on July 20 2022
United States
In July 2016, Dassanayake was one of four candidates shortlisted for the vacant position of head coach of the U.S. national team. As part of the selection process, he served as a guest coach at a training camp for the national squad, and also coached a combined ICC Americas invitational team at the West Indies Cricket Board's under-19 tournament. In September 2016, it was announced that Dassanayake had won the position, with his first major tournament in charge to be the 2016 World Cricket League Division Four event in Los Angeles. The United States won the tournament and Dassanayake said "I wouldn't have settled for runner-up in the final" and that he was "very happy how things went in the final". In July 2019, Dassanayake resigned from his role as coach of the US national team. In August 2020, Dassanayake confirmed that he would be coaching franchise cricket in New Jersey.
References
External links
1970 births
Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club cricketers
Canadian cricketers
Coaches of the Canada national cricket team
Coaches of the Nepal national cricket team
Colts Cricket Club cricketers
Cricketers from Kandy
Kandurata cricketers
Living people
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers
Sri Lankan cricket coaches
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sri Lankan emigrants to Canada
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan expatriates in Nepal
Coaches of the United States national cricket team
Sri Lankan expatriates in the United States
Wicket-keepers |
4034780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come%20Together%20Music%20Festival | Come Together Music Festival | Come Together is an all-ages Australian music festival performed at Luna Park Sydney. Beginning in 2005, it was originally two separate events, one in April and one in September. In 2006, a two-day festival was held in June (on the Queen's Birthday Long Weekend), and the festival was again on the same long weekend in 2007. Originally limited to Australian performers, the festival was later expanded to include New Zealand performers and a small number of international acts.
The ticket price includes an unlimited rides pass and is for ages 13 and over.
Triple J and The Music have traditionally supported or presented the event alongside Luna Park Sydney.
From 2011 to 2013 the event changed to a one-day hip hop-centric event until 2014 when the event was cancelled one week before its 7 June date due to poor ticket sales.
Come Together 2015 has been announced for 6 and 7 June – returning to its original two-day format, reintroducing indie music to the Sunday. Triple J are supporting and The Music are presenting. Triple J Unearthed winners will open each day which feature all-Aussie line-ups of established and breaking acts.
Notable past line-ups
2005 - April
Little Birdy
Rocket Science
Gerling
Sarah Blasko
The Redsunband
The Mess Hall
The Presets
Machine Translations
Even
Youth Group
2005 - September
You Am I
Butterfingers
Dappled Cities Fly
78 Saab
Peabody
Screamfeeder
Bluebottle Kiss
Andy Clockwise
Bluejuice
+ more
2006
Augie March
Regurgiator
The Herd
Ratcat
Magic Dirt
The Mess Hall
The Panics
+ more
2007
Every Time I Die
Grinspoon
Shihad
Cog
Karnivool
Regular John
+ more
2008
The Vines
British India
Bridezilla
The Holidays
The Living End
Gyroscope
Birds of Tokyo
Children Collide
Dead Letter Circus
The Getaway Plan
Mammal
+ more
2009
Midnight Juggernauts
Bliss & Eso
Something With Numbers
Art vs Science
Wolf & Cub
Red Riders
Spod
Cloud Control
Philadelphia Gran Jury
+ more
2010
MM9
Bertie Blackman
Horrorshow
The Jezabels
Boy & Bear
The Snowdroppers
Ernest Ellis
+ more
2011
Drapht
Urthboy
Illy
The Tongue
+more
2012
360
Horrorshow
Hermitude
Koolism
Skryptcha
+more
2013
The Herd
Spit Syndicate
Allday
Jackie Onassis
Crochet Crooks
+more
2014... (cancelled)
2015
DAY 1
Seth Sentry
Thundamentals
Horrorshow
REMI
Coin Banks
Ivan Ooze
DAY 2
Ball Park Music
The Jungle Giants
SAFIA
Elizabeth Rose
Montaigne
Ecca Vandal
References
External links
Music festivals in Australia
June events
Music festivals established in 2005
2005 establishments in Australia
Music in Sydney |
4034784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1986 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Defending champion Boris Becker successfully defended his title, defeating Ivan Lendl in the final, 6-4, 6-3, 7-5 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1986 Wimbledon Championships.
Seeds
Ivan Lendl (final)
Mats Wilander (fourth round)
Jimmy Connors (first round)
Boris Becker (champion)
Stefan Edberg (third round)
Joakim Nyström (third round)
Henri Leconte (semifinals)
Anders Järryd (second round)
Andrés Gómez (first round)
Tim Mayotte (quarterfinals)
Kevin Curren (first round)
Brad Gilbert (fourth round)
Mikael Pernfors (fourth round)
Martín Jaite (second round)
Guillermo Vilas (first round)
Johan Kriek (second round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1986 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyal%20Wijetunge | Piyal Wijetunge | Piyal Kashyapa Wijetunge (born August 6, 1971, Badulla) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in one Test in 1993. Though he was not successful in the international arena, he was an active member in the domestic arena, where he played 65 first class matches and took 161 wickets as well.
He has served as a spin bowling coach for the Sri Lanka national team, where he trained international players such as Rangana Herath, Tharindu Kaushal and Dilruwan Perera.
See also
One-Test wonder
References
1971 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers
Kandurata cricketers
Alumni of St. Anthony's College, Kandy
Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club cricketers |
4034788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggradation | Aggradation | Aggradation (or alluviation) is the term used in geology for the increase in land elevation, typically in a river system, due to the deposition of sediment. Aggradation occurs in areas in which the supply of sediment is greater than the amount of material that the system is able to transport. The mass balance between sediment being transported and sediment in the bed is described by the Exner equation.
Typical aggradational environments include lowland alluvial rivers, river deltas, and alluvial fans. Aggradational environments are often undergoing slow subsidence which balances the increase in land surface elevation due to aggradation. After millions of years, an aggradational environment will become a sedimentary basin, which contains the deposited sediment, including paleochannels and ancient floodplains.
Aggradation can be caused by changes in climate, land use, and geologic activity, such as volcanic eruption, earthquakes, and faulting. For example, volcanic eruptions may lead to rivers carrying more sediment than the flow can transport: this leads to the burial of the old channel and its floodplain. In another example, the quantity of sediment entering a river channel may increase when climate becomes drier. The increase in sediment is caused by a decrease in soil binding that results from plant growth being suppressed. The drier conditions cause river flow to decrease at the same time as sediment is being supplied in greater quantities, resulting in the river becoming choked with sediment.
In 2009, a report by researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder in the journal Nature Geoscience said that reduced aggradation was contributing to an increased risk of flooding in many river deltas.
See also
External links
Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
"The Physical Environment" Glossary definition
David Mohrig, MIT OpenCourseWare - 12.110: Sedimentary Geology - Fall 2004
John B. Southard, MIT OpenCourseWare - 12.110: Sedimentary Geology - Spring 2007
References
Geomorphology
Sedimentology
Deposition (geology) |
4034792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulip%20Samaraweera | Dulip Samaraweera | Dulip Prasanna Samaraweera (born 12 February 1972 in Colombo) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in 7 Tests and 5 ODIs for his country from 1993 to 1995. He was a right-handed opening batsmen and occasional right arm off-spinner.
Family
His younger brother Thilan Samaraweera is also a former Test, ODI and T20I player of the Sri Lankan national cricket team.
His brother in law Bathiya Perera is also a former first class cricketer of Sri Lanka.
Domestic career
Playing for the Colts Cricket Club in Sri Lanka, Samaraweera made his first class debut in the 1991-92 season. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Colts Cricket Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
He continued his first-class career for Colts until retiring in 2003. A strike rate of 53 in ODIs and 26 in Tests indicated that he was a dour player who did not score quickly. Although he never bowled at international level, he had 41 wickets to his name at first class level with an excellent average of 20. He scored over 7000 runs at first-class level including 16 centuries and 34 half centuries but never established himself at international level.
International career
He was selected for the ODI team for his debut against the West Indies in Sharjah in November 1993, in which he only managed three runs. He played four more times, aggregating 91 runs and making his top-scoring of 49 in a successful run-chase against India in Jalandhar in early 1994. Despite top-scoring, he never played ODIs for Sri Lanka again.
He made his Test debut against the West Indies at Moratuwa in December 1993, after replacing Chandika Hathurusingha as an opener. He made a slow 16 from 107 balls on debut. He made his top score of 42 in his next Test against India in Lucknow and played the whole India series, before touring New Zealand in early 1995 when he played his final two Test matches. He was dropped, ending his international career, in which he failed to pass 50 in any of his 14 innings.
References
1972 births
Living people
Alumni of Ananda College
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Basnahira South cricketers
Colts Cricket Club cricketers |
4034795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuela%20Di%20Centa | Manuela Di Centa | Manuela Di Centa, (born 31 January 1963) is a former Italian cross-country skier and Olympic athlete. She is the sister of former cross-country skier Giorgio Di Centa and cousin of former track and field athlete Venanzio Ortis.
Career
Di Centa, born in Paluzza, province of Udine, to a family of Nordic skiers, made her debut on the Italian national team in 1980 at the age of 17, skied with the G.S. Forestale. Two years later, she competed at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oslo finishing in eighth place. After a quarrel with the president of the Italian Skiing Federation, Di Centa left the national team, not returning until 1986.
At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, she finished sixth in the 20 km freestyle. She won her first medals in international competition at the 1991 World Championships in Val di Fiemme: a silver (4 × 5 km relay) and two bronzes (5 km, 30 km). An Olympic medal followed in 1992, a bronze in the 4 × 5 km relay. In 1993, at the Falun World Championships, she won two more silvers (30 km, 4 × 5 km relay). At the 1995 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, she won another silver (30 km) and a bronze (5 km).
Di Centa also became Italian national champion in fell running in 1985, 1989 and 1991.
Di Centa seemed confined to the role of the eternal second, but this changed abruptly at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, where she medaled in all five cross-country events: two gold, two silver and one bronze medal. The same year she also won her first aggregate Cross-Country Skiing World Cup, a feat she repeated in 1996.
In 1996 she was the first Italian cross-country skier to receive the Holmenkollen Medal. Her last title was a bronze at the 1998 Winter Olympics in the 4 × 5 km relay.
After retiring, Di Centa worked for Italian television (RAI), and became a member of the Italian and International Olympic Committees.
Di Centa became the first Italian woman to climb Mount Everest (with supplementary oxygen) in 2003.
Di Centa is the first Italian woman (and the 19th Italian) to compete at five Olympics, which she did from 1984 to 1998.
Her younger brother Giorgio is currently a member of the Italian national cross-country ski team and was the winner of two gold medals at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
At the 2018 Winter Olympics di Centa was inducted into the Olympians for Life project.
Her niece, Martina, competed for Italy at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Cross-country skiing.
2006 Winter Olympics
As a member of the International Olympic Committee and the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) and as one of Italy's most accomplished Winter Olympic athletes, Di Centa played a prominent public role in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She was one of the eight flag bearers during the Opening Ceremonies. At the Closing Ceremonies, she participated in the awarding of medals to the winners of the men's 50 km cross-country race. Coincidentally, the gold medal winner was her younger brother Giorgio.
Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
Olympic Games
7 medals – (2 gold, 2 silver, 3 bronze)
World Championships
7 medals – (4 silver, 3 bronze)
World Cup
Season standings
Individual podiums
15 victories
35 podiums
Team podiums
1 victory – (1 )
9 podiums – (8 , 1 )
Note: Until the 1999 World Championships and the 1994 Olympics, World Championship and Olympic races were included in the World Cup scoring system.
National titles
Italian Mountain Running Championships
Mountain running: 1985, 1989, 1991 (3)
Politics
Manuela Di Centa, who has been vice-president of the National Council of the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) until 2006, is also involved in politics and was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia, between 2006 and 2013. She became a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1999 and remained there until 2010.
Doping allegations
The Swedish investigative television program Uppdrag granskning claimed that Di Centa had an exceptionally high hemoglobin level prior to a World Cup in Lahti in 1997. Di Centa's hemoglobin value was measured in an official pre-competition test as high as 17.3 g/dL. The allowed limit to start in official FIS competition is 16.5 g/dL.
See also
List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games
Italian sportswomen multiple medalists at Olympics and World Championships
References
External links
Holmenkollen medalists - click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
1963 births
Living people
People from Paluzza
Cross-country skiers at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Holmenkollen medalists
International Olympic Committee members
Italian female cross-country skiers
Italian female mountain runners
Olympic cross-country skiers of Italy
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Italian summiters of Mount Everest
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
FIS Cross-Country World Cup champions
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Friuli-Venezia Giulia |
4034817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriman%20High%20School | Harriman High School | Harriman High School is a public high school located in Harriman, Tennessee, operated by the Roane County School System. As of 2006, the school had an enrollment of 353.
Until 1999, Harriman High School was part of the separate Harriman City School System, which was a legacy of the city's founding in the late nineteenth century as a planned community and "utopia" by temperance movement leaders from the northeastern U.S. and the East Tennessee Land Company. Harriman High came under the authority of the Roane County School System when taxpayers voted to stop paying for a separate system in 1999. Three previous votes on the topic had failed to surrender the system. Proponents of Harriman's separate system claimed the city long had better schools than its county neighbors; those in favor of surrender argued that the town's vanishing industrial base made paying for separate schools impractical.
Harriman's campus is located at the intersection of Georgia and Roane Streets and its athletic teams compete in Richard Pickell Gymnasium, on Wallace-Black Field, and Sharieffa Barksdale Track.
Harriman's mascot is the Blue Devil. Reportedly, an early member of the school board was an alumnus of Duke University, and used his alma mater's nickname for Harriman. The Blue Devils' historical rivals are the Tigers from Rockwood High School in Rockwood, Tennessee and the two share one of Tennessee's oldest football rivalries. The rivalry between Harriman and Rockwood is the state's longest consecutive running rivalry. Harriman and Rockwood started playing in 1921 and have played every year since 1924. The 2022 season will mark the 104th time the teams have played.
Notable alumni
Harriman High School is the alma mater of:
U.S. Olympic hurdler Sharieffa Barksdale (1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games)
Former University of Tennessee football player Jeremaine Copeland, who starred on UT's 1998 National Championship team. Copeland led Harriman to a Class AA state basketball championship and an appearance in the Class AA state football title game during a time when Harriman was one of the state's smallest Class AA schools. Copeland was one of only 3 Harriman football players to go to an NCAA Division 1 program on scholarship.
References
Public high schools in Tennessee
Schools in Roane County, Tennessee
Harriman, Tennessee |
4034818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concan%2C%20Texas | Concan, Texas | Concan is a small unincorporated community in Uvalde County in the southwestern portion of the Hill Country of Texas. It sits along the Frio River close to Garner State Park and is a popular destination for summer vacationers. It is also well known for the excellent birdwatching in the spring. Also, a Roy Bechtol-designed 18-hole golf course is open to the public called Concan Country Club or the Golf Club at Concan.
Several outfitters in the area haul swimmers and tubers up the Frio River to designated drop-off points and then pick them up later downstream.
Neal's Dining Hall in Concan is featured in a 2012 episode of the syndicated television series Texas Country Reporter hosted by Bob Phillips.
The name "Concan" may have originated from the card game Conquian.
References
External links
The Handbook of Texas Entry for Concan, Texas
Concan.com website with info, links and photos of Concan and the Frio River
Texas Hill Country River Region
Unincorporated communities in Uvalde County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas |
4034821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1987 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Pat Cash defeated Ivan Lendl in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–5 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1987 Wimbledon Championships.
Boris Becker was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the second round to Peter Doohan.
Future champion Andre Agassi made his first appearance in the main draw at Wimbledon, losing in the first round to Henri Leconte. Agassi would not compete at Wimbledon again until 1991 due to his disagreement with the All England Club's dress code.
Seeds
Boris Becker (second round)
Ivan Lendl (final)
Mats Wilander (quarterfinals)
Stefan Edberg (semifinals)
Miloslav Mečíř (third round)
Yannick Noah (second round)
Jimmy Connors (semifinals)
Andrés Gómez (fourth round)
Henri Leconte (quarterfinals)
Tim Mayotte (third round)
Pat Cash (champion)
Brad Gilbert (third round)
Joakim Nyström (third round)
Emilio Sánchez (fourth round)
David Pate (second round)
Kevin Curren (second round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1987 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine%20Central%20Institute | Maine Central Institute | Maine Central Institute (MCI) is an independent high school in Pittsfield, Maine, United States that was established in 1866. The school enrolls approximately 430 students and is a nonsectarian institution. The school has both boarding and day students.
History
The Maine Central Institute was founded in 1866 by Rev. Oren B. Cheney and Rev. Ebenezer Knowlton, abolitionists who also founded Bates College in nearby Lewiston, Maine. The Maine State Seminary, originally part of Bates, served as a college preparatory school until it was dissolved in the late 1860s, and MCI (along with the Nichols Latin School in Lewiston) largely took the Seminary's place as a feeder school for Bates. The school was at its inception affiliated with the Free Will Baptists but is officially non-sectarian today.
The first building, the Institute Building (Founders Hall), was completed in 1869 and served as the primary campus building until 1958. In 1882 an early case involving the school was appealed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. The campus has expanded greatly over the past 140 years, and became officially coeducational in 1903 with the purchase of a boarding house from Benjamin Bowden and the construction of a second floor making it Ceder Croft Hall, which in 1927 burned down during a Christmas break. Immediately after, a fundraising campaign initiated by MCI alumni began with the intention to rebuild a residence hall. The dorm was completed in October 1928 and named Alumni Hall after the generous efforts from alumni. Due to World War I increasing enrollment in 1911 it became necessary to erect a female dormitory. The building today called Weymouth Hall houses the offices of Athletics and Activities, the dean of students and the dean of residential life, as well as the television studio (WMCI), the Health and Wellness Center, the Campus Bookstore, the Student Union, and classrooms for MCI's prestigious ESL (English as a Second Language) program.
Two athletic buildings have been built—Parks Gymnasium (still standing) which was finished in 1936 due to the MCI students' increased interest in athletics and in 1988 the construction of Wright Gymnasium which houses many of MCI's trophies and recognitions and a state of the art weight room and basketball court. The John W. Manson house was donated in 1944; since that date, it has been the residence of the head of school.
In 1950 the William H. Powell Memorial Library was constructed with the donations of Ella Powell in the name of her late husband, Judge William H. Powell. Today the Powell library has over 8,000 nonfiction books, academic subscriptions, and a seminar room dedicated to the original donor of the library Ella Powell. Shortly after the construction of the Powell Library, the Cianchette Science building was erected in name of Joseph R. Cianchette a main financial contributor. In the 1960s two dormitories were built to supplement the increase in postgraduate students and their need for housing. Those buildings are currently named Rowe Hall (constructed in 1961) and Manson Hall (constructed in 1966). Today there are a total of three main residence halls, two male and one female. Rowe Hall and Manson Hall (both male) are under the supervision of Mrs. Megan Thompson and Alumni Hall (female) is under the supervision of Mrs. Dana Fehnel, additional faculty and staff live in apartments on the different floors of the residence halls.
In 2000 work on the Chuck and Helen Cianchette Math and Science Center—was finished. This building houses state of the art science labs and classrooms. The Math and Science Center is a 23,000-square-foot recent facility, including fifteen instructional spaces, classrooms which prepare students for the on-campus SAT/TOEFL exams, a 3-D printing lab, along with physics, biology and chemistry labs. Maine Central Institute also has nearby greenhouses and garden spaces for science classes and clubs.
The Student Center at Maine Central Institute includes a 250-seat dining room, outdoor patio area, recreation/game room, student lounge with performance stage area, 40-seat conference room, renovated kitchen and serving area. The Student Center is attached to Rowe Hall and is a location for school functions, alumni and community group gatherings, and various student group activities.
The institute has a nationally recognized athletic program and has produced many prominent NBA players. The team's best season was 1998, when they were undefeated (37 wins) and finished #1 in the USA Today polls. The team was led by McDonald's All-American Erick Barkley and future New England Prep player of the year Chris Foxworth.
MCI traditions
One of the longest-running traditions at MCI is the Manson Essay contest which dates back to 1871. This competition which has happened annually for more than 145 years has evolved into a competition between the entire junior class in which they need to complete a university-level research paper and then give a speech on the topic. Only a select few are given the title of "Manson Essay Finalists" and then have to perform their speeches in front of the community at the Annual Manson Essay Contest. Only one will achieve the coveted title of "Manson Essayist".
Notable alumni
Erick Barkley, professional basketball player
Caron Butler, professional basketball player
Sam Cassell, retired professional basketball player
Barry Clifford, underwater explorer
Henri J. Haskell, First Attorney General of Montana
DerMarr Johnson, professional basketball player
Brad Miller, professional basketball player
Orrin Larrabee Miller, U.S. Congressman from Kansas
Cuttino Mobley, professional basketball player
Mamadou N'diaye, professional basketball player
Roy E. Lindquist, decorated U.S. Army Major General
Jaime Peterson, professional basketball player
Bob Pickett, college football head coach
Tim Rollins, arts educator
See also
Bates College
Bossov Ballet Theatre
Pittsfield, Maine
Lapham Institute
Parsonsfield Seminary
Storer College
References
Sources
Anthony, Alfred Williams, Bates College and Its Background, (Philadelphia: Judson Press, 1936).
MCI website
Boarding schools in Maine
Private high schools in Maine
Educational institutions established in 1866
Schools in Somerset County, Maine
Pittsfield, Maine
1866 establishments in Maine |
4034837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuki%20language | Yuki language | Yuki, also known as Ukomno'm, is an extinct language of California, formerly spoken by the Yuki people. The Yuki are the original inhabitants of the Eel River area and the Round Valley Reservation of northern California. Yuki ceased to be used as an everyday language in the early 20th century and its last speaker, Arthur Anderson, died in 1983. Yuki is generally thought to be distantly related to the Wappo language.
Classification
Yuki consisted of three dialects, from east to west: Round Valley Yuki, Huchnom (Clear Lake Yuki) and Coast Yuki. These were at least partially mutually intelligible, but are sometimes counted as distinct languages.
These languages are categorized as (Northern) Yukian within the Yuki–Wappo family, which also includes the distant Wappo language. It is thought that the ancestor of the Yukian languages diverged from Wappo around 1500 . The three Yukian languages diverged from each other over the last one thousand years, while dialectal variations in Wappo are even more recent. The most likely catalyst or, at least, influence on the separation of Yukian and Wappo was the expansion of the Pomo, leading to pomoization of the Wappo language and physical separation between the Yuki and the Wappo tribes.
Vocabulary
Yuki had an octal (base-8) counting system, as the Yuki keep count by using the four spaces between their fingers rather than the fingers themselves. Yuki also had an extensive vocabulary for the plants of Mendocino County, California.
Grammar
An extensive reference grammar of Yuki was published in 2016 and is based primarily on the texts and other notes recorded by Alfred L. Kroeber from Yuki speaker Ralph Moore in the first decade of the 20th century as well as elicited material recorded from other speakers later in the 20th century. This grammar also contains sketches of Huchnom and Coast Yuki based on the notes of Sydney Lamb and John Peabody Harrington, respectively.
Phonology
An alveolar stop /t/ is an apico-alveolar stop articulated as [t̺].
References
External links
Northern Yukian language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
OLAC resources in and about the Yuki language
Indigenous languages of California
Extinct languages of North America
Languages extinct in the 20th century
Yuki–Wappo languages |
4034867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uli%20Hoene%C3%9F | Uli Hoeneß | Ulrich "Uli" Hoeneß (, ; born 5 January 1952) is the former president of German football club Bayern Munich and a former footballer for West Germany who played as a forward for club and country. Hoeneß represented Germany at one World Cup and two European Championships, winning one tournament in each competition.
During his playing career he was mainly associated with Bayern Munich, with whom he won three league championship titles and three European Cup titles. He later served as the club's general manager. In 2014 he pleaded guilty to tax evasion, ultimately serving 18 months in prison for the offence.
Early life and education
Hoeneß was born in Ulm, Württemberg-Baden. He attended the Hans-Multscher-Grundschule before changing to the Schubarth-Gymnasium, both located in Ulm.
Club career
In 1970, he played as left-sided forward with amateurs TSG Ulm 1846 and was recruited by Udo Lattek, then manager of Bundesliga club FC Bayern Munich. Hoeneß immediately made an impact, scoring six times in 31 matches as the Bavarians finished in second position, behind Borussia Mönchengladbach, and adding the domestic cup.
During his eight-and-a-half-year stint with Bayern, Hoeneß enjoyed great success, winning a total of eight major titles, including three league titles and as many European Cups. In the 1973–74 edition of the latter competition, the final replay against Atlético Madrid, he produced one of his most outstanding performances, scoring two goals in the 4–0 victory. However, in the final of the following year's European Cup against Leeds United, he was brutally fouled by Frank Gray and suffered an injury on his right knee from which he never fully recovered.
In late 1978, Hoeneß was loaned to Bayern neighbours 1. FC Nürnberg, where it was hoped he could get more match practice. His recovery failed, however, and he was forced to hang up his boots at a mere 27. He had appeared in 250 matches in Germany's top division, netting 86 times.
International career
Hoeneß played 35 times for West Germany. His debut came on 29 March 1972, he scored the final goal in a 2–0 friendly win in Hungary.
As one of six Bayern players in the German squad, Hoeneß won both UEFA Euro 1972 and the 1974 FIFA World Cup. In the final of the latter, against Holland, he committed a foul on Johan Cruyff in the opening minute that led to a goal from the subsequent penalty, but West Germany came from behind to win 2–1. He also played with the national side in Euro 1976 in Yugoslavia, where he missed the decisive West German shot in the penalty shootout loss against Czechoslovakia, skying it over the crossbar.
Hoeneß had retained his amateur status until 1972, allowing him to take part in that year's Summer Olympic Games. There, he played alongside future Bayern coach Ottmar Hitzfeld as West Germany failed to qualify for the semifinals of the tournament, losing 3–2 to East Germany, a match in which Hoeneß scored his only goal of the tournament. This historic match was also the first between West Germany and East Germany.
Bayern Munich management
Immediately after retiring as a player in May 1979, Hoeneß was appointed commercial/general manager of Bayern Munich. On 27 November 2009, after 30 years as a general manager, Hoeneß was elected president of the club. Since Hoeneß joined, Bayern's management the club has had continued success on and off the field, winning 24 Bundesliga titles, 14 DFB-Pokal titles, two Champions League titles, one UEFA Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one FIFA Club World Cup and the Intercontinental Cup.
During his reign, the club experienced strong growth in revenue and stature. Between 2002 and 2005, Bayern also built a state-of-the-art stadium, the Allianz Arena, at a cost of €340 million. Hoeneß was one of the catalyst for the building of the stadium.
Re-election as president of FC Bayern Munich, 2016–19
In August 2016, Hoeneß announced that he would seek re-election to the post of president of Bayern Munich. He was re-elected in November 2016 with more than 97% of the votes, as there were no other candidates for this position.
On 1 May 2019, Hoeneß celebrated 40 years of working for Bayern's management. When he started on 1 May 1979, Bayern had twelve employees, 12 million Deutschmarks in revenue, and 8 million marks of debt. In November 2018, Bayern had over 1,000 employees and their revenue had risen to €657.4 million.
On 15 November 2019, Hoeneß retired as Bayern's president and was succeeded by Herbert Hainer. Hoeneß spent 49 years at Bayern, both as player and in management of the club.
Personal life
Hoeneß and his wife Susanne have two children, Sabine and Florian, and have been married for over 40 years. Hoeneß is a son of a master butcher, and now co-owns HoWe Wurstwaren KG, a Nuremberg-based bratwurst factory. Hoeneß's younger brother Dieter also had a very successful career as a player in the Bundesliga and for the West Germany national team.
On 17 February 1982, Hoeneß was the sole survivor of the crash of a light aircraft in which three others died. He was on his way to a West German national team friendly. Sleeping in the rear of the plane, he sustained only minor injuries.
Hoeneß has provided financial assistance, either personally or through organizing benefit games, to other German league teams like FC St. Pauli, Hertha BSC, Borussia Dortmund, 1860 München and Hansa Rostock.
Hoeneß has helped former Bayern players like Sebastian Deisler (depression), Breno (depression) and Gerd Müller (alcoholism) in times of need.
Tax evasion and imprisonment
In April 2013, it was reported that Hoeneß was being investigated for tax evasion. He was reported to have held a Swiss bank account for the purpose of evading taxes due on investment income, and to owe between €3.2 million and €7 million in taxes to the German state. The reports came after journalists "gained access to a document meant only for internal use by tax officials." Prosecutors from Munich carried out raids in offices of two Bavarian tax offices after Hoeneß filed a complaint. Despite increasing public criticism, Hoeneß has remained in his position as president and chairman of the supervisory board of Bayern Munich.
Hoeneß was accused of tax evasion and his trial began on 10 March 2014. The FC Bayern München AG supervisory board had a "unanimous opinion" that Hoeneß should continue in his role despite being sent to trial.
During the trial, he admitted evading 28.5 million euros in taxes. He was subsequently found guilty of seven serious counts of tax evasion and sentenced to three and a half years in prison on 13 March 2014. The following day he resigned from his roles as President of Bayern Munich e.V. and chairman of the board of Bayern Munich AG and announced that he would not be appealing against his sentence.
Hoeneß was to serve his sentence at Landsberg Prison. Hoeneß submitted a request to be confined to a different prison, however, he reported to Landsberg on 2 June 2014. During the first two weeks of his sentence, Hoeneß was housed in a larger cell with a cellmate "for medical reasons" and to help adjust to life behind bars. After the initial two weeks, he was moved into a single cell. On 2 January 2015, Hoeneß was granted day release. He had to return to prison at 6 p.m. every night.
There was an alleged attempt to extort €200,000 from Hoeneß whereby he and his family would be subjected to violence unless he paid up. A man was arrested in connection with the scheme. His imprisonment ended on 29 February 2016.
Career statistics
Honours
Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74
DFB-Pokal: 1970–71
European Cup: 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76
Intercontinental Cup: 1976
West Germany
FIFA World Cup: 1974
UEFA European Championship: 1972; runner-up: 1976
Individual
UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1972
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1973–74
Literature
Juan Moreno: Uli Hoeneß: Ein Mann sieht Rot. Piper Verlag, München 2014, .
Patrick Strasser: Hier ist Hoeneß! Riva, München 2010, .
Peter Bizer: Uli Hoeneß. Nachspiel. Mensch, Macher, Mythos. Ellert & Richter Verlag, Hamburg 2014, .
Christoph Bausenwein: Das Prinzip Uli Hoeneß. Ein Leben in Widersprüchen. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2014, .
Petja Posor: Der Fall Hoeneß als Skandal in den Medien. Anschlusskommunikation, Authentisierung und Systemstabilisierung. Universitätsverlag Konstanz, Konstanz 2015, .
References
External links
1976 European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") 1974 at RSSSF
European Championships – UEFA Teams of Tournament at RSSSF
1952 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ulm
German footballers
German people convicted of tax crimes
German prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Germany
Association football forwards
Bundesliga players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
1. FC Nürnberg players
Germany international footballers
Germany under-21 international footballers
Germany youth international footballers
UEFA Euro 1972 players
1974 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1976 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
Footballers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of West Germany
FC Bayern Munich non-playing staff
German football chairmen and investors
FC Bayern Munich board members
Sole survivors
Footballers from Baden-Württemberg
UEFA Champions League winning players |
4034879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Stefan Edberg defeated Boris Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Most of the final was played on the third Monday. On the Sunday, Becker and Edberg only managed 22 minutes of constantly interrupted play due to rain, and managed just five games, with Edberg leading 3–2 in the first set. The rest of the final was played the next day.
Pat Cash was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Becker.
Reigning Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander attempted to become the first man to achieve the Surface Slam (winning majors on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year), and also attempted to become the first man to win the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. He lost to Miloslav Mečíř in the quarterfinals.
Three-time champion John McEnroe competed for the first time since 1985, losing in the second round to Wally Masur. This tournament also featured the first appearance of future champion Goran Ivanišević.
Seeds
Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
Mats Wilander (quarterfinals)
Stefan Edberg (champion)
Pat Cash (quarterfinals)
Jimmy Connors (fourth round)
Boris Becker (final)
Henri Leconte (fourth round)
John McEnroe (second round)
Miloslav Mečíř (semifinals)
Tim Mayotte (quarterfinals)
Anders Järryd (second round)
Jonas Svensson (third round)
Emilio Sánchez (second round)
Andrei Chesnokov (first round)
Amos Mansdorf (second round)
Slobodan Živojinović (fourth round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjeeva%20Ranatunga | Sanjeeva Ranatunga | Sanjeeva Ranatunga (born 25 April 1969) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in 9 Test matches and 13 One Day Internationals from 1994 to 1997.
Family
He is the brother of former Sri Lanka captain Arjuna Ranatunga, Dammika Ranatunga, Nishantha Ranatunga and Prasanna Ranatunga.
International career
He has scored 2 centuries in Tests; 118 and 100* against Zimbabwe in consecutive Tests at Harare Sports Club and Queens Sports Club in 1994. His other notable performances are a hard fought 60 and 65 against Australia at Adelaide in 1996. His highest ODI score of 70 came against Pakistan at R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo in 1994 which earned him the Man of the Match Award.
References
1969 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Basnahira South cricketers
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers
Kandurata cricketers |
4034903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayantha%20Silva | Jayantha Silva | Kelaniyage Jayantha Silva (born February 6th, 1973, Kalutara) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in 7 Tests and one ODI from 1995 to 1998.
1973 births
Living people
Basnahira South cricketers
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers |
4034906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamara%20Dunusinghe | Chamara Dunusinghe | Chamara Iroshan Dunusinghe (born October 19, 1970, Colombo) is a Sri Lankan Australian former cricketer who played in 5 Tests and one ODI from in 1995. He attended Nalanda College Colombo.
International career
Chamara is the 64th Sri Lanka Test Cap, when he made his debut in New Zealand Vs Sri Lanka at Napier New Zealand 1994/95 and scored 91. He also became the first Sri Lankan to be dismissed for nervous 90's on test debut.
References
Nelson Mendis - head coach of Nalanda
1970 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Alumni of Nalanda College, Colombo
Saracens Sports Club cricketers
Sri Lankan emigrants to Australia
Wicket-keepers |
4034907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6(7–1), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships.
The semifinal match between Ivan Lendl and Becker was (at the time) the longest ever Wimbledon semifinal, at four hours and one minute long. It was later surpassed by the 2013 encounter between Novak Djokovic and Juan Martín del Potro, which would last four hours and forty-three minutes.
John McEnroe reached the semifinals, his best showing at a major since reaching the 1985 US Open final.
Seeds
Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
Stefan Edberg (final)
Boris Becker (champion)
Mats Wilander (quarterfinals)
John McEnroe (semifinals)
Jakob Hlasek (first round)
Miloslav Mečíř (third round)
Tim Mayotte (quarterfinals)
Michael Chang (fourth round)
Jimmy Connors (second round)
Brad Gilbert (first round)
Kevin Curren (third round)
Aaron Krickstein (fourth round)
Andrei Chesnokov (first round)
Mikael Pernfors (second round)
Amos Mansdorf (fourth round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Carey%20%28ice%20hockey%29 | Jim Carey (ice hockey) | James M. Carey (born May 31, 1974), is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Washington Capitals, Boston Bruins, and St. Louis Blues in the National Hockey League (NHL). Carey was born in
Dorchester, Massachusetts, but grew up in Weymouth, Massachusetts.
Playing career
Carey made his college hockey debut with the Wisconsin Badgers in 1992. He was the highest drafted goalie in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft, taken in the 2nd round, 32nd overall by the Washington Capitals. Before coming to Washington, Carey played in the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 1993 and played in the AHL with the Portland Pirates. In Portland, he took home numerous individual awards, including the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award as the top rookie in the AHL and the Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award for top netminder in the AHL. He was also selected to the First All-Star Team.
In 1994–95, Carey made his NHL debut in Washington and went undefeated in his first seven games. He would finish the season with an 18–6–3 record and was selected to the NHL All-Rookie Team. This early success promoted him to Washington's starting goalie the following season – his best in the NHL. He played in 71 games, won 35, recorded 9 shutouts, and finished with a GAA of 2.26. He won the Vezina Trophy for his efforts and was selected to the NHL First All-Star Team.
The next fall, Carey was the backup to goalie Mike Richter on Team USA in the World Cup of Hockey. The United States would win the championship by beating Team Canada in three games.
In 1996–97 NHL season, Carey was traded midway through the season to the Boston Bruins in a blockbuster deal. Carey would never find his true form again in Boston and was sent down to the minors a year later with the Providence Bruins in the AHL. He signed on as a free agent at the end of the season with the St. Louis Blues and played four games before deciding he had enough of hockey.
Other
Due to the similarity of his given and surname to that of actor Jim Carrey, his nicknames were "The Mask", "Ace", and eventually "Net Detective", which were a play on Carrey's 1994 films, The Mask and Ace Ventura: Pet Detective.
Post-NHL career
Carey is the President and CEO of OptiMED Billing Solutions, Inc., a medical billing company, based out of Boston and Sarasota, Florida.
Awards and honors
Named WCHA Rookie of the Year in 1993.
Selected to the AHL First All-Star Team in 1995.
Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award winner in 1995.
Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award winner in 1995.
Selected as Rookie of the Year by Hockey Star Presents in 1995.
Rated #19 in "The Top 50 Netminders in Pro Hockey" by Hockey Star Presents in 1995.
Selected to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1995.
Selected to the NHL First All-Star Team in 1996.
Vezina Trophy winner in 1996.
Inducted into the Portland Pirates Hall of Fame in 2008.
Washington Capitals records
Career lowest GAA (2.37).
Lowest GAA in a single season (2.13 in 1995) - at the time; Braden Holtby now has the record with 2.07 Source (NHL.com)
Tied for most penalty minutes in a playoff season (4 in 1995).
Tied for most shutouts in a single season (9 in 1996).
Transactions
June 20, 1992 – Drafted in the 2nd round, 32nd overall by the Washington Capitals in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft
March 1, 1997 – Traded by the Washington Capitals with Jason Allison, Anson Carter, and the Capitals' 3rd round selection (Lee Goren) in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft to the Boston Bruins for Adam Oates, Bill Ranford, and Rick Tocchet
March 1, 1999 – Signed by the St. Louis Blues
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
External links
1974 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey goaltenders
Boston Bruins players
Cincinnati Cyclones (IHL) players
Ice hockey players from Boston
Portland Pirates
Providence Bruins players
St. Louis Blues players
Sportspeople from Weymouth, Massachusetts
Vezina Trophy winners
Washington Capitals draft picks
Washington Capitals players
Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey players
American chief executives |
4034912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkow%20language | Konkow language | The Konkow language, also known as Northwest Maidu (also Concow-Maidu, or in the language itself) is a part of the Maiduan language group. It is spoken in California. It is severely endangered, with three remaining elders who learned to speak it as a first language, one of whom is deaf. As part of an effort to regain official recognition as a federally recognized tribe, an effort to provide language instruction amongst the descendants of the original tribe and affiliated family members has begun.
In the name , means "meadow", with the additional creating the adjective form of the word. Hence, would be spoken by the ("tribe").
Dialects
One source supports the claim that Northwest Maidu had at least nine dialects, designated today according to the locality in which each was spoken. These dialects were: Otaki, Mikchopdo, Cherokee, Eskeni, Pulga, Nemsu, Feather Falls, Challenge, and Bidwell Bar. Lexica of each remain scant. In addition, there may have been many family variations within each dialect group; thus, certainly there was no one Konkow language, but Konkow means a phonologically distinct pronunciation from what is popularly defined as 'Maidu' or 'Mountain Maidu', namely in terms of stress patterns on lexicon. According to limited historical data, by the turn of the 19th century there were only four of these dialects still being spoken.
Alternate names
The name "Konkow" has been variously spelled Concow and Konkau. The language is also known as Maidu (Meidoo), Holólupai, Michopdo, Nákum, Secumne (Sekumne), Tsamak, Yuba, and the pejorative "Digger".
Modern Konkow
Since 2002, a dialect which could be called "Modern Konkow," based on what is conventionally called the Cherokee dialect of Konkow, has come into limited use by some California Native Americans with cultural and familial ties to the old Konkow tribe. This dialect is primarily based on the dialect as learned by Mary Jones, one of the last speakers of Old Konkow, who learned the dialect that was spoken in the vicinity of Cherokee, California. It is being promulgated with a DVD-based course of study called "Twenty-two Lessons in the Koyoongkʼawi Language".
As of 2010, .mp3 learning materials of the Mechoopda dialect were also available, based on old recordings of Emma Cooper, made during the 1940s as a part of the war effort. Also based on the Emma Cooper recordings, a "Konkow Toddler" app was released for iPhone, iPad, and other iOS devices in July 2012.
Materials for study of the Northwest Maidu language, including the 22-lesson course mentioned above, have been made available on the website of the Konkow Maidu Cultural Preservation Association.
Phonology
Consonants
The affricate /t͡sʼ/ may also be realized as ~ allophonically.
Vowels
Vowel length is also present.
References
External links
Konkow language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
Recording of Konkow Maidu
Language Instruction available on Konkow Maidu Cultural Preservation Association website
OLAC resources in and about the Northwest Maidu language
Concow language, California Language Archive (archived from March 4, 2016)
Konkow Bibliography
Konkow basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
Indigenous languages of California
Maiduan languages
Endangered Maiduan languages
Native American language revitalization |
4034917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tas-Tic%20%28Vol.%201%29 | Fan-Tas-Tic (Vol. 1) | Fan-Tas-Tic (Vol. 1) (sometimes spelled as Fantastic, Vol. 1), is the unofficial debut studio album by American hip hop group Slum Village. It comprises songs from their demo album, which was recorded in 1996 and 1997, but not officially released until 8 years later. It was nonetheless leaked onto the underground circuit and caused "quite a stir" in 1997. The whole album was produced by J Dilla. Many of the songs would later be revamped or re-conceived for their follow up album, Fantastic, Vol. 2 in 2000.
Overview
The album was recorded in 1996 and 1997 in J Dilla's home studio. Fan-Tas-Tic (Vol. 1) quickly became popular with fans of Detroit hip hop, when copies of the cassette were sold by the group at concerts, and also made available at Record Time on Gratiot. The record became highly sought after, with copies costing up to $50 at one point.
Although, at the time Slum Village were hailed as successors to A Tribe Called Quest, Fan-Tas-Tic shares little in common with Tribe's earthy, cerebral brand of Hip hop. The lyrical content of the album, which dealt with acquiring wealth and the attention of women, later became commonplace among mainstream hip-hop artists.
The group received much praise for their seemingly freestyled approach (which they later admitted to), and also for the production style of the then-upcoming producer Jay Dee, who subtly used low end frequencies, intricate basslines, and offbeat drums, behind the "tag-team" rhyming of his partners, T3 and Baatin.
Track listing
"Fantastic" – 1:28
"Keep It On (This Beat)" – 3:09
"I Don't Know" – 1:01
"How We Bullshit" – 1:16
"Fat Cat Song" (feat. Phat Kat) – 2:53
"The Look of Love" – 4:17
"Estimate" – 1:24
"Hoc N Pucky" – 1:38 (This track is not the original version, vocals from the original track have been stripped from and for the final version.)
"Beej N Dem" – 2:15
"Pregnant (T3)" – 1:17
"Forth & Back (Rock Music)" – 3:36
"Fantastic 2" – 0:50
"Fantastic 3" – 1:35
"This Beat (Keep It On) (Remix)" – 2:59
"5 Ela (Remix)" (feat. 5 Elementz) – 3:00
"Give This Nigga" – 1:35
"Players" – 2:59
"Look of Love (Remix)" – 2:46
"Pregnant (Baatin)" – 1:01
"Things U Do (Remix) / Uh-Ah-Wu-Ah" – 3:27
"Fat Cat (Remix)" – 2:44
"Fantastic 4" – 1:20
"What's Love Gotta Do with It (Look of Love Remix)" – 3:26 (2005 bonus track)
"2U4U" (instrumental) – 2:11 (2005 bonus track)
Samples Used
"Fantastic" contains a sample of "You'll Know When You Get There" by Herbie Hancock.
"Keep It On" contains samples of "Snowflake Bop" by Gil Evans and "Risin' to the Top" by Keni Burke."Ain't No Half Steppin'" by Heatwave
"I Don't Know" contains samples of "Sex Machine", "Make It Funky" and "My Thang" by James Brown.
"Fat Cat Song" contains a sample of "Turn off the Lights" by Larry Young.
"The Look of Love" contains samples of "The Look of Love" by Barney Kessel and "Inside My Love" by Trina Broussard.
"Estimate" contains a sample of "You Call It Madness" by Clare Fischer.
"Hoc N Pucky" contains a sample of "T.T.T. (Twelve Tone Tune)" by Bill Evans.
"Beej N Dem" contains samples of "Atomic Dog" by George Clinton and "Friday The 13th" by Gil Evans.
"Forth & Back" contains samples of "Funkin 4 Jamaica" by Tom Browne & "I Thought It Was You" by Herbie Hancock.
"Fantastic 3" contains a sample of "Age of Aquarius” by the Moog Machine from the album Switched-On Rock.
"5 Ela (Remix)" contains samples of "Yearning for Your Love" by The Gap Band and "Remind Me" by Patrice Rushen.
"Give This Nigga" contains a sample of "Heartbreaker" by Zapp.
"Players" contains a sample of "Clair" by Singers Unlimited.
"Look of Love (Remix)" contains a sample of "Inside My Love" by Minnie Ripperton.
"Pregnant (Baatin)" contains a sample of "A Chunk of Sugar" by Roger Troutman.
"Things U Do (Remix)" contains a sample of "Sing Me Softly of the Blues" by Gary Burton Quartet.
"2U4U (Instrumental)" contains a sample of "Jonz In My Bonz" by D'Angelo.
References
1997 albums
2006 albums
J Dilla albums
Slum Village albums
Albums produced by J Dilla |
4034919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A2lid-i%20Shahrazuri | Khâlid-i Shahrazuri | Mawlana Khâlid Sharazuri also known as Khâlid-i Baghdâdî and Mawlana Khalid (1779–1827) was a Kurdish Sufi, and poet by the name of Shaykh Diya al-Dīn Khalid al-Shahrazuri, the founder of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order - called Khalidi after him - that has had a profound impact not only on his native Kurdish lands but also on many other regions of the western Islamic world. His writings are among the earliest examples of prose and poetry in Central Kurdish.
Shahrazuri acquired the epithet Baghdadi through his frequent stays in Baghdad, for it was in the town of Karadağ (Qaradagh) in the Shahrizur region, about 5 miles from Sulaymaniyah, that he was born in 1779. His father was a Qadiri Sufi who was popularly known as Pir Mika'il Shesh-angosht, and his mother also came from a celebrated Sufi family in Kurdistan.
His best known books are Mecd-i Talid (Big Birth) and Shems'u Shumus (The Sun of All Suns).
Early life
He was born in the year 1779 in the village of Karadağ, near the city of Sulaymaniyah, in what is now Iraqi Kurdistan. His family belonged to the Jaff tribe that claimed descent from the 3rd caliph 'Uthman. Hence, the attribution al-'Uthmani is sometimes added to his name. He was raised and trained in Sulaymaniyah, where there were many schools and many mosques and which was considered the primary educational city of his time. Young Khalid studied with the two great scholars of his time, Shaykh `Abdul Karam al-Barzinji and Shaykh `Abdur Rahim al-Barzinji, and he read with Mullah Muhammad `Ali.
He studied the Qur'an and its explanation and fiqh according to the Shafi`i school. He was famous in poetry. When he was fifteen years of age he took asceticism as his creed, hunger as his horse, wakefulness as his means, seclusion as his friend, and energy as his light. He also studied the sciences of mathematics, philosophy, and logic as well as the principles of jurisprudence. He studied the works of Ibn Hajar, as-Suyuti, and al-Haythami. He memorized the commentary on Qur'an by Baydawi. He was able to find solutions for even the most difficult questions in jurisprudence. He memorized the Qur'an according to the fourteen different ways of recitation, and became very famous everywhere for this.
For many years Mawlana Khalid's interests were focused exclusively on the formal traditions of Islamic learning, and his later, somewhat abrupt, turning to Sufism is highly reminiscent of the patterns in many a classic Sufi biography.
He began his studies in Qaradagh, with Qur'an memorization, Shafi fiqh, and elementary logic. He then traveled to other centers of religious study in Kurdistan, concentrating on logic and kalam. Next he came to Baghdad, where he astounded the established ulema with his learning and bested them in debates on many topics. Such was his mastery of the religious sciences that the governor of Baban proposed him a post as modarres, but he modestly refused. However, when Abd al-Karim Barzanki died of the plague in 1799, Mawlana Khalid assumed the responsibility for the madrasa in Sulaymaniyah he had founded. He remained there for about seven years, distinguished as yet only by his great learning and a high degree of asceticism that caused him to shun the company of secular authority.
He then entered seclusion, leaving everything he had studied behind, engaging in virtuous actions and much dhikr.
Awakening to Sufism
In 1805 Shahrazuri decided to perform hajj, and the journey he undertook as a result turned his aspirations to Sufism. On his way he stopped in Medina for a few days and encountered an anonymous saintly Yemeni, who prophetically warned not to condemn hastily anything he might see in Mecca apparently contradicting the sharia. He traveled to Tihamah and Hijaz through Mosul and Yarbikir and ar-Raha and Aleppo and finally Damascus. There he spent some time, meeting its scholars and studying with the master of both ancient and modern knowledge, scholar of hadith, Shaykh Muhammad al-Kuzbari. He received authorization in the Qadiri Tariqat from Shaykh al-Kuzbari and his deputy, Shaykh Mustafa al-Kurdi, who travelled with him until he reached Medina. Once in Mecca, he went to the Kaaba where he saw a man sitting with his back to the sacred structure and facing him. Forgetting his admonition, he inwardly reproved the man, who asked "do you not know that the worth of the believer is greater in Allah's eyes than the worth of the Kaaba?" Penitent and overwhelmed, Mawlana Khalid asked for forgiveness and begged the stranger to accept him as a disciple. He refused, telling him that his master awaited him in India.
After the hajj he returned to Solaymaniya and his duties at the madrasa but was inwardly agitated by the desire to find his destined master. Finally, in 1809, an Indian dervish by the name of Mirza Rahim-Allah 'Azimabadi visited Sulaymaniyah. Shaykh Khalid asked him about the perfect guide to show him the way and Shaykh Mirza told him, "There is one perfect Shaykh who observes the character of the Prophet and is a guide in the gnosis (ma`rifah). Come to his service in Jehanabad (India) for he told me before I left, 'You are going to meet someone, bring him back with you.'" He recommended that Mawlana Khalid travel to India and seek initiation from a Naqshbandi sheikh of Delhi, Shah Abdullah Dehlavi. Mawlana Khalid departed immediately.
In India
He reached Delhi in about a year (1809). His journey took him through Rey, Tehran, and other provinces of Iran. He then traveled to the city of Herat in Afghanistan, followed by Kandahar, Kabul, and Peshawar. The great scholars of all these cities with whom he met would often test his knowledge in the sciences of Divine Law (shari'a) and Divine Awareness (ma`rifat), and those of logic, mathematics, and astronomy always found him immensely knowledgeable.
He moved on to Lahore, where he met with Shaykh Thana'ullah an-Naqshbandi and asked for his prayers. He recalled, "I left Lahore, crossing mountains and valleys, forests and deserts until I reached the Sultanate of Delhi known as Jehanabad. It took me one year to reach his city. Forty days before I arrived Shaykh Abdullah ad-Dehlawi told his followers, 'My successor is coming.'"
He was initiated into the Naqshbandi order by Shah Abdullah. In five months he completed all stages of spiritual wayfaring as required by the Naqshbandi's and that in a year he attained the highest degree of sainthood (al-welaya al-kobra). He was then sent back to Sulaymaniyah by Shah Abdullah, will full authority to act as his khalifa in western Asia and to grant initiation not only in the Naqshbandi but also in the Qaderi, Sohrawardi, Kobrawi and Chishti orders.
After enduring hostilities from rival sheikhs in Solaymaniya, he travelled to Baghdad and Damascus where he preached the Naqshbandi way with considerable success. He remained in Damascus for the remainder of his life, appointing Sheikh Ismail Anarani as his chief khalifa before he died in June 1827. He was buried on one of the foothills of Jabal Qasiyun, on the edge of the Turkish quarter of Damascus. Later a building was erected over the tomb, comprising a zawia and a library which are still frequented.
Achievements and Legacy
Shahrazuri is credited with establishing the Khalidi, a new branch of the Naqshbandi order. Much of his significance lies in his giving renewed emphasis to traditional tenets and practices of the Naqshbandi, notably adherence to the sharia and sunnah and avoidance of vocal dhikr in preference of silent performance. Some elements of his teachings were controversial, even among other Naqshbandi, foremost being his interpretation of the practice of rabeta - the linking, in the imagination, of the heart of the Murid with that of the preceptor. He proclaimed that rabeta was to be practiced exclusively with reference to himself, even after his death.
Proportionally important for the identity of the Khalidi branch was its political orientation. It was characterised by a pronounced loyalty to the Ottoman state as an object of Muslim unity and cohesion, and a concomitant hostility to the imperialist nations of Europe. Almost everywhere the Khalidiya went, from Daghestan to Sumatra, its members could be identified for their militant attitudes and activities.
The spread of his following was vast, reaching from the Balkans and the Crimea to South East Asia just one generation after his death. His primary following was in the Islamic heartlands - the Arab, Turkish, and Kurdish provinces of the Ottoman Empire and the Kurdish areas of Iran. Nearly everywhere in Anatolia the Khalidi branch of the Naqshbandi came to supersede branches of senior origin.
Shahrazuri had a pronounced impact on the religious life of his native Kurdistan. For the Kurds, Islamic practice was traditionally connected with membership in a Sufi brotherhood, and the Qaderi order had predominated in most Kurdish areas. With the emergence of the Khalidiya, the Qadiriyyah lost their preeminence to the Naqshbandi. Kurdish identity became associated with the Khalidi branch of the Naqshbandi, and this, coupled with the hereditary nature of leadership of the order in Kurdistan, accounts for the prominence of various Naqshbandi families in Kurdistan to the present.
His place in the Khalidiyya Golden Chain
See also
List of famous Sufis
List of Kurdish people
References
Sources
Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Islamic Supreme Council of America (June 2004), .
E.F. Haydari, Al-Majd al-taled fi manaqeb al-sheikh Khalid, Istanbul 1874
S. M. Stern, Islamic Philosophy & the Classical Tradition, Oxford 1972
Hamid Algar, The Naqshbandi Order, Studia Islamica 1976
External links
Khalid al-Baghdadi (Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order website)
Belief and Islam Turkish translation by Khalid al-Baghdadi
Belief and Islam- by Mawlana Khalid-i Baghdadi
1779 births
1827 deaths
Naqshbandi order
Sufi mystics
People from Baghdad
Kurdish people of the Ottoman Empire
Kurdish scholars
Kurdish philosophers
18th-century Kurdish people
Mystics from Iran |
4034928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanka%20de%20Silva | Lanka de Silva | Sanjeewa Kumara Lanka De Silva (born 29 July 1975), or Lanka De Silva, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in three Test matches and 11 One Day Internationals in 1997. He is also the current interim head coach of the Sri Lanka women's national cricket team.
Domestic career
He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Colombo Cricket Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.
International career
He was right-hand wicket-keeper batsman. de Silva is only the tenth player in Sri Lankan cricket history to pass 10,000 runs in first-class cricket after starting his career in 1991/92 season for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club.
He played three Test for Sri Lanka all against Indian national cricket team when Sri Lanka toured to India in 1997 without any success and lost his place to Romesh Kaluwitharana.
Coaching career
In 2015, de Silva was named as head coach of Sri Lanka national cricket team replacing Jeevantha Kulatunga along with physio Neha Karnik. In August 2020, he was appointed as the interim head coach of the Sri Lanka women's cricket team replacing Harsha de Silva.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Colombo Cricket Club cricketers
Wayamba cricketers
Sri Lankan cricket coaches
Sportspeople from Kurunegala
Commonwealth Games competitors for Sri Lanka
Wicket-keepers |
4034936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Stefan Edberg defeated the defending champion Boris Becker in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 3–6, 3–6, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships.
Seeds
Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
Boris Becker (final)
Stefan Edberg (champion)
John McEnroe (first round)
Andrés Gómez (first round)
Tim Mayotte (first round)
Brad Gilbert (quarterfinals)
Aaron Krickstein (withdrew)
Jim Courier (third round)
Jonas Svensson (third round)
Guy Forget (fourth round)
Pete Sampras (first round)
Michael Chang (fourth round)
Petr Korda (first round)
Henri Leconte (second round)
Yannick Noah (first round)
Aaron Krickstein withdrew due to injury. He was replaced in the draw by Qualifier Shuzo Matsuoka.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1990 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4034941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Tempesta | Mike Tempesta | Mike Tempesta is a rock guitarist and an artist relations manager. He also goes by the moniker M.33. He was credited for rhythm guitar tech on the 1990 Anthrax album Persistence of Time and his guitar solo in their Album/Song "Stomp 442,"/"American Pompeii". Before his career as a musician, he was a guitar technician for Anthrax's Scott Ian. He was a member of Human Waste Project, and played rhythm guitar in the band Powerman 5000 until his departure in 2004. He performed on the debut album of Scum of the Earth, once again with his brother John Tempesta, and has since left the lineup. After leaving Powerman 5000, he took up a job as an artist relations manager for Yamaha Corporation of America, but soon left and eventually was hired as an artist relations manager for Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, overseeing the Jackson, Charvel, and EVH brands.
A Schecter guitar was branded with his name.
References
American heavy metal guitarists
Living people
American people of Italian descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
Powerman 5000 members
Scum of the Earth (band) members |
4034950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leangen | Leangen | Leangen is a largely industrial neighborhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Østbyen. It is the site of the Leangen Sports Complex (Leangen idrettsanlegg) which includes an indoor ice hockey arena Leangen Ice Hall (Leangen Ishall) and Leangen Sports Hall (Leangen idrettshall) an indoor running track and training facility. Leangen is also the location of Leangen Racecourse (Leangen Travbane), a harness racing course as well as a facility of Sør-Trøndelag University College.
References
External links
Leangen Travbane website
Geography of Trondheim
Neighbourhoods of Trondheim |
4034960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier%20Village | Frontier Village | Frontier Village was a amusement park in San Jose, California, that operated from 1961 to September 1980. It was located at 4885 Monterey Road, at the intersection with Branham Lane. The site is now Edenvale Garden Park, next to Hayes Mansion, and was once part of the sprawling Hayes Family Estate.
History
The park was built by Joseph Zukin, Jr. of Palo Alto, who was inspired by a family trip to Disneyland in 1959. In 1958, Zukin sold 110,000 shares in the Frontier Village corporation at $5 per share; the first designer was Paul Murphy, who also had a full time job at Santa Clara University as director of publications. After Murphy found himself too busy, design responsibility was turned over to Laurence Hollings, who had experience designing film sets at Columbia Pictures and Paramount Pictures, and nature habitats at the California Academy of Sciences. He described the park as a "sort of tongue-in-cheek approach to the Wild West."
The park was initially to be built along El Camino Real in Sunnyvale, California, according to plans drawn up in 1958 by the Frontier Village Corporation, founded by Zukin, Hawley Smith, and Michael Khourie. Zukin declared "it will be designed as a children's dream of the Old West, where the child (and his parents) can actually experience the thrills and excitement of the West in an atmosphere especially created for fun and relaxation." Zukin later announced in April 1959 that Frontier Village would be built in San Jose. Ground was broken for the park on August 1, 1960, and it was laid out so carefully that only four trees were removed.
The park, developed at a cost of $2 million, opened on October 21, 1961, surrounded by a high barricade of logs, and was themed to the Old West. Admission was $0.90 for adults, $0.45 for children (older than 12), and free (for children under 12). The initial public mascot of the park was an unnamed "Deputy Marshal" who greeted guests and saved them from dangerous outlaws in daily mock shootouts staged on the hour, every hour, at the park's Main Street. The actors were equipped with actual firearms (Colt Single Action Army revolvers and double-barrel shotguns) firing blanks filled with black powder. Retaining the water in an artificial canal for one of the early rides, the Indian Canoe, proved troublesome until the canal was lined with cement. Although the park was open year-round, operating hours were switched to weekends only during the off-season (fall to spring). More than one million people visited the park in its first three years of operation.
The 1964 summer season opened on Saturday, June 20, marked by a special "Family Fun Day". Frontier Village was praised as "spotless, rarely jammed ... one can take in all of the rides and attractions within about four hours." Jim Bakich, a first-year student at San Jose City College, attempted to set a world's record for the longest continuous Ferris wheel ride in 1965, vowing to spend two full weeks aboard the park's wheel. Other self-claimed world records set at the park in 1966 include the finish of the longest foot-propelled scooter journey ( from Big Sur, by Byron Jones) and largest pizza ( in diameter). Dennis the Menace visited the park with his parents in the story "The Park Lark", initially published for the March 1970 issue; while there, he interacted with the marshal, an outlaw, other guests, and visited several attractions, including the Rainbow Falls trout fishing pond and the Antique Cars ride.
When the park opened in 1961, it was surrounded by undeveloped land. A decade later, the park was surrounded by urban sprawl; Zukin lacked the necessary funds to expand and sold Frontier Village to Rio Grande Industries for US$1.7 million in 1973, although he stayed on to manage the park through 1977. That year, Charles Jacques rated the park as the 45th best in the United States, behind local competitors Marriott's Great America (#12) and Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk (#30). It was also the first year of operation for the Apache Whirlwind, the park's first (and only) roller coaster. Jeff Block and Rena Clark set a new record for Ferris wheel endurance starting on July 1, 1978, traveling on the park's wheel in 29,744 revolutions over 37 days. Block would break the record in 1993 with a 38-day ride on the same Ferris wheel, which had been relocated to the Orange County Fair after Frontier Village's closure.
Characters from the Hanna-Barbera cartoons, including Fred Flintstone, Barney Rubble, and Scooby Doo, were added to the park in 1979. Rio Grande announced plans in 1977 to expand the park to on park-owned land at a cost of $10 million, including on-site restaurants and concessions; however, those plans were denied by the San Jose City Council, unless the park also funded $1.8 million for traffic improvements. According to Zukin, the protests and opposition from the park's new residential neighbors, who complained about the noise and fought development plans, led Rio Grande to drop the expansion. Lawsuits from nearby homeowners coupled with lower-than-expected park revenues, skyrocketing San Jose land values, and competition from Marriott's Great America, which opened in neighboring Santa Clara in 1976, signaled the end for the little park. With the high property values, Rio Grande could make more money selling off the land to developers than it could by running the park.
In 1980, the undeveloped land and Frontier Village were sold to a land developer, the Bren Company. Despite a petition drive that collected 10,000 signatures by September 19, 1980, which would have declared the site a historical landmark, Rio Grande announced the park would be closed. During its final days, it held a special event titled "The Last Roundup", attracting 30,000 visitors per day. Television advertisements publicizing the last days included a stagecoach ride and a prisoner lamenting that he would miss the park's closing. The park closed its gates for the last time on September 28, 1980. The Bren Company held a public auction in October 1980, disposing of all the rides, buildings, and lumber that made up Frontier Village.
Legacy
Bren built a residential development just west of present-day Edenvale Garden Park on the site of the planned expansion; the condominium complex is named "Frontier Village".
All the buildings were removed from the amusement park and San Jose's Edenvale Garden Park now exists at the former location of the amusement park. Little is recognizable from the former Frontier Village, but items such as concrete boulders from the artificial river remain half-buried. In April 2008, artist Jon Rubin installed the Frontier Village Birdhouses, five scale models of Frontier Village buildings and landmarks placed where the original structures were during the park's operating period. Each of the five scale buildings (Railroad Station; Main Entrance Log Towers; Mine Ride; Old School House; Main Street) is a functioning birdhouse and were built by Vince Duke. The present-day Edenvale Garden Park has play structures themed for the amusement park's railroad.
Some signage and ride vehicles have remained in the hands of private collectors, while other vehicles were stored at the nearby Happy Hollow Park & Zoo, to be sold later in 1980 at auction. Two fans started a website to gather history, photographs, and testimonials in 2000. Since 2001 former employees and fans have held a reunion each summer at Edenvale Garden Park to reminisce about the amusement park and a group calling themselves the "Fall Guys" re-enact the park's gunbattles; the reunions were started by Mat Lindstedt. Shaughnessy McGehee of Campbell, California built a miniature version of the park in his own backyard over two decades. He built miniature versions of the Silver Dollar Saloon, General's Store, and Schoolhouse. McGehee also collected Frontier Village memorabilia, including the Crazy Horse, three of the eight Antique Autos (with his most prized being the Yellow Maxwell), the Frontier Village lettering from the front entrance of the park, and the original Silver Dollar Saloon doors. The replica closed in 2015, after McGehee sold his house and moved to Oregon.
Frontier Village's narrow gauge train, originally built by Arrow Development, was bought in 1981 by Jerry Burke, who made it the central focus of his 10 acre themed 1880 Western themed Burke Junction shopping center in Cameron Park, approximately east of Sacramento. It was abandoned in 2000 after Burke sold the property and did not run again until the Glasser family purchased the shopping center in 2008; they spent $150,000 rehabilitating the train and announced in June 2010 the train would resume service; the inaugural run was on August 21. On January 8, 2018, the Burke Junction train collided with a minivan; although there were no injuries, the train was damaged, requiring extensive repairs.
The "It Takes a Village" exhibit featuring Frontier Village was held at the New Museum Los Gatos in 2015; artifacts and memorabilia were shown alongside similar ephemera from defunct local amusement parks, including Santa's Village (Scotts Valley) and The Lost World.
Frontier Village is the subject of an eponymous song by singer-songwriters Jeff Larson and Jeffrey Foskett, released as part of the 2018 album Elua Aloha.
Rides and Attractions
As originally constructed, the park was divided into the amusement area and parking lot; the remaining were reserved for expansion. The park was laid out with a central square and a perimeter railroad that traversed bridges and canyons; the square included an Old West village with a stage for live performances.
Rides
Attractions
California Street (Dapper Dan's, Last Chance Casino, Shoe & Spike)
El Sito Mysterio
Front Street (Birthday Party Corral, Games, Hunter's Paradise Shooting Gallery, Ice Cream Gazebo, Skeeball)
Indian Island (Archery, Fort Far West, Indian Island Stage)
Main Street (Arcade, Cantina Murieta, Gunfights, Indian Goods, Marshal's Office, Picture Palace, Silver Dollar Saloon, Sweet Shop, Trading Post)
Nevada Street
Petting Zoo Island
Reserved Company Picnics
Rainbow Falls Trout Fishing (measured ; stocked with 10,000 rainbow trout)
Sagebrush Theatre
School House Museum
See also
American Old West
List of defunct amusement parks
References
External links
Remembering Frontier Village
Frontier Village at Defunct Amusement Parks
San Jose Public Library's California Room archive's Frontier Village Digital Collection
(American Coaster Enthusiasts of Northern California; January 30, 2015)
1980 disestablishments in California
Buildings and structures in San Jose, California
Defunct amusement parks in California
Economy of San Jose, California
Event venues established in 1961
20th century in San Jose, California
1961 establishments in California
Amusement parks opened in 1961
Amusement parks closed in 1980 |
4034972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate%2095%20in%20Maine | Interstate 95 in Maine | Interstate 95 (I-95) in the US state of Maine is a highway running from the New Hampshire state line in Kittery, to the Canadian border in Houlton. It is the only two-digit Interstate Highway in Maine. In 2004, the highway's route between Portland and Gardiner was changed so that it encompasses the entire Maine Turnpike (including the former I-495 between Falmouth and Gardiner), a toll road running from Kittery to Augusta.
Route description
I-95 enters Maine as a six lane highway from New Hampshire on the Piscataqua River Bridge, which connects Portsmouth, New Hampshire, with Kittery. At mile 0.38, the highway becomes the Maine Turnpike. The highway runs in a general northeasterly direction, parallel with U.S. Route 1 (US 1), at this point. I-95 bypasses the Biddeford/Saco area, with a spur route, I-195, connecting to Old Orchard Beach.
At Scarborough, I-95 meets the southern terminus of I-295 and narrows to four lanes. The highway turns north, serving the Portland International Jetport and bypassing Portland to the west. At Falmouth, the highway meets unsigned I-495, also called the Falmouth Spur. Until January 2004, I-95 followed the Falmouth Spur and I-295 between Falmouth and Gardiner.
The highway continues north along the Maine Turnpike (which was I-495 prior to 2004) through Gray to Auburn and Lewiston, which the turnpike bypasses to the south. The highway then runs in an easterly direction to meet the northern terminus of I-295 at Gardiner. From there, I-95 parallels the Kennebec River past Augusta and Waterville. The highway then crosses the river at Fairfield and then turns northeast along the Sebasticook River past Pittsfield to Newport.
I-95 then continues east alongside US 2 from Newport to Bangor, where I-395 connects to the city of Brewer. The highway runs along the northern edge of Bangor's center, then turns northeast, following the Penobscot River past Orono and Old Town (Prior to the early 1980s, I-95 was a super two highway north of Old Town).
The highway continues north, still running near the river, towards Howland. Near Lincoln, I-95 runs north through uninhabited forest land, crossing the Penobscot River at Medway. The highway goes northeast and east, passing a series of small Aroostook County farming towns before reaching Houlton, where it connects to U.S. Route 2 and New Brunswick Route 95 at the international border. North of Bangor, traffic levels drop noticeably, with AADT averaging only about 5,000 in northern Penobscot County and going down to as low as 2,000–4,000 in Houlton. As an Interstate Highway, all of I-95 in Maine is included in the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.
History
The Maine Turnpike Authority was created by the Maine Legislature in 1941 to build and operate a toll highway connecting Kittery and Fort Kent. In 1947, the first section of highway, designated the Maine Turnpike, opened between Kittery and Portland. In 1953, the Turnpike Authority began construction on an extension to the state capital at Augusta using the former right-of-way of the Portland–Lewiston Interurban railway from Portland through West Falmouth. The original turnpike was the largest construction project in the state's history until the construction of the extension, which opened to the public on December 13, 1955.
The Maine Turnpike was the first highway in the nation that was funded using revenue bonds. It remains self-financed and does not receive funding from the state or federal government. When the first section opened in 1947, it was only the second long-distance superhighway in the United States following the October 1940 opening of the Pennsylvania Turnpike. For these reasons, the Maine Turnpike was named a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1999.
In 1956, one year after the Portland-Augusta extension opened, Congress created the Interstate Highway System. The remaining sections to be built—from Augusta to Fort Kent—would be publicly funded freeways instead of toll roads under the Maine Turnpike Authority. Today, this highway, which ends at Houlton instead of Fort Kent, is signed as Interstate 95 throughout and the Maine Turnpike between the New Hampshire line at Kittery and the junction with US 202 near Augusta.
In 2015, the Maine Turnpike Authority purchased the segment from the Piscataqua River Bridge to MM 2.2 of I-95 from MaineDOT.
Speed limits
The Maine Turnpike had a posted speed limit of in the early 1970s, but as Maine then had no law against traveling less than over the posted limit, the de facto speed limit was . In 1974, as part of a federal mandate, the speed limit was reduced to , with a new law including a "less than 10 over" violation. In 1987, Congress allowed states to post on rural Interstate highways. Following the relaxation, Maine increased its speed limit. In May 2011, a bill was introduced to raise the speed limit on I-95 from Old Town to Houlton from to . It passed, with Maine the first state east of the Mississippi River since the 1970s to establish a speed limit.
A further law passed in 2013 by the Maine Legislature allowed the Maine Department of Transportation and the Turnpike Authority to change speed limits with the approval of the Maine State Police. Per that law, Maine DOT increased the limit to on several sections of Interstate 95 on May 27, 2014. These areas included the section from mile marker 114 just outside Augusta to mile 126 just before Waterville. In addition, the section from Fairfield (just north of Waterville) to Bangor also saw an increase to . Speed limits on sections controlled by the Turnpike Authority increased on August 11, 2014. The sections from mile marker 2.1 in Kittery to mile marker 44.1 in Scarborough and the section from mile marker 52.3 in Falmouth to mile marker 109 in Augusta increased from to . The section from mile marker 44.1 in Scarborough to mile marker 52.3 in Falmouth increased from to .
Tolls
The Maine Turnpike is a toll road for all of its length except south of York and between Auburn and Sabattus. Flat-fee tolls are paid upon entering the turnpike and at toll barriers in York, New Gloucester, and West Gardiner. As of 1 November 2021, it costs passenger vehicles $8.00 with cash and out of state E-ZPasses and $6.70 with a Maine issued E-ZPass to travel the entire length of the turnpike. The turnpike joined the E-ZPass electronic toll collection network in 2005, replacing the former Maine-only system designated Transpass that was implemented in 1997.
The tolls on the Maine Turnpike were not supposed to be permanent. Toll collections were to stop once the Maine Turnpike Authority paid off the debt from the road's construction. In the 1980s the bonds were going to be paid off but the Maine Legislature authorized the Maine Turnpike Authority in 1982 to continue as a quasi-governmental agency and to continue to collect tolls in order to fund the maintenance of the section of highway controlled by the MTA.
Service plazas and rest areas
There are eleven total rest areas on I-95 in Maine, five of which are full service plazas operated by the Maine Turnpike Authority. Five of the rest areas are accessible from northbound only, four are accessible from southbound only, and two are accessible from both directions. The rest stops are open 24 hours and all provide restrooms and visitor information. Food and Fuel services as well as ATMs are available only at the five major plazas. The plazas are at the following locations:
Kennebunk—a separate plaza is located on each direction of the turnpike at milepost 25. These plazas are the largest and most profitable in the state, and they have near-identical layouts and each includes Burger King, Starbucks, Hershey's Ice Cream, Citgo gas stations, and Z-Market gift shops among the offerings. The original plazas opened in 1947, and incorporated a pedestrian tunnel under the highway to connect the two. These original plazas were replaced in 1972, and the tunnel was sealed. The 1972 plazas were then replaced during the winter of 2006–2007, reopening in 2007.
Gray (northbound) and Cumberland (southbound)—a separate plaza is located on each direction of the turnpike on either side of the Gray–Cumberland town line at milepost 59. Each includes Burger King (both sit-down and drive-thru) and a Citgo gas station. Both plazas were rebuilt in 2007, and are currently the only two plazas to feature a drive-thru food option.
West Gardiner—accessible from both directions of both the turnpike (I-95) and I-295, which converge just north of the plaza. The plaza itself is located just off the highways, along SR 9 and SR 126. Similar in layout to the Kennebunk plazas, Burger King, Starbucks, and Citgo gas are among the offerings. This plaza also includes the Center for Maine Craft, a gift shop featuring locally made products and visitor information. The West Gardiner plaza was built and opened for business in 2008. The plaza replaced two smaller rest areas that were located in Lewiston (southbound at milepost 83) and Litchfield (northbound at milepost 98), both of which were closed and demolished.
There is a rest area and tourist welcome center located on the turnpike northbound at milepost 3 in Kittery. There are weigh stations located on the turnpike northbound and southbound in York at milepost 4 (southbound) and milepost 6 (northbound). There are ramps to and from the northbound turnpike to the Saco Ramada Hotel and Conference Center in Saco at milepost 35. The ramps are from the original exit 5 which was replaced when I-195 was opened just to the north. The hotel was built on the site of the old toll plaza. Ramps connecting the hotel to and from the southbound turnpike were removed as part of the widening project in the early 2000s when hotel ownership opted not to pay nearly $1 million to build a new bridge. The Turnpike Authority is planning to reestablish the exit at this location by 2022 in order to relieve traffic congestion at the intersection of Interstate 195 and Industrial Park Road, which can often back up to Interstate 95.
North of Augusta, there are two additional pairs of rest areas before I-95's northern terminus in Houlton. Separate facilities are located on each direction of I-95 in Hampden, just south of Bangor; and in Medway, about halfway between Bangor and Houlton. There are 24-hour restrooms at all four locations, while the Hampden facilities each feature a state-operated Maine information center available during daytime hours. A final rest area, which also contains a state-operated Maine information center, is located in Houlton, and is accessible from both directions of I-95 by taking exit 302.
Emergency routes
In 2019, MaineDOT began signing emergency routes along roads near I-95. The routes generally lead from one exit to the next exit and are meant to be used when sections of the highway must be closed due to an accident or other disruption. In such an event, electronic signs will be activated and flaggers deployed to direct drivers to use the appropriate emergency route to lead them around the closure and maintain traffic flow. Northbound routes are designated with a single letter, while southbound routes are designated with double letters. This system was first used when a section of highway was closed due to the death of a Maine State Trooper in an accident.
Exit list
Auxiliary routes
Interstate 195, a spur in Saco
Interstate 295, runs from I-95 near Downtown Portland to I-95 in West Gardiner
Interstate 395, a spur east of Bangor
Interstate 495, unsigned designation for the Falmouth Spur
References
External links
Maine Turnpike Official Site
Steve Anderson's BostonRoads.com: Maine Turnpike (I-95)
95
Maine
Toll roads in Maine
Tolled sections of Interstate Highways
Transportation in York County, Maine
Transportation in Cumberland County, Maine
Transportation in Androscoggin County, Maine
Transportation in Kennebec County, Maine
Transportation in Somerset County, Maine
Transportation in Waldo County, Maine
Transportation in Penobscot County, Maine
Transportation in Aroostook County, Maine
Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks |
4034973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathstalker%20and%20the%20Warriors%20from%20Hell | Deathstalker and the Warriors from Hell | Deathstalker and the Warriors from Hell, also known as Deathstalker III: The Warriors from Hell, is a 1988 sword and sorcery fantasy film. It is the third film in the Deathstalker tetralogy.
Plot summary
The film, which takes place in a fantasy setting, opens at a festival featuring Deathstalker and the wizard Nicias. Deathstalker once saved Nicias and the two go from village to village obtaining money by Nicias foretelling the future and showing his magic. During the festival, a hooded woman arrives to see Nicias. She is actually the princess Carissa bringing a magical stone hoping that Nicias has the other one, which when united, will at long last uncover the magical and rich city of Arandor of whom Nicias is the last of the city's descendants. Nicias does not possess the second stone, but knows it is south in Southland which is ruled by the evil sorcerer Troxartes. Troxartes has the second stone and wants the first so he can harness its power and rule more.
The festival is attacked by Troxartes's black-clad right-hand man Makut and his horse soldiers looking for the stone. Amid the slaughter and chaos, Nicias teleports away while the princess is saved from capture by Deathstalker and the two escape. She is nonetheless killed by a few of the unknowing soldiers and passes the stone and knowledge on to Deathstalker. He travels to the hot and wooded Southland where he meets the twin sister of Carissa, the feisty Princess Elizena who was sent from the North to marry Troxartes. Makut is searching for Deathstalker now and finds him again so Deathstalker hides in Elizena's tent but is alerted by her after she sees he held her with a twig instead of a knife. He escapes into an impenetrable valley where he is given shelter by two wild women, Marinda and her mother. Marinda has sex with Deathstalker and then lead him to their horses so he can escape since Makut has entered the valley. The mother, outraged at Marinda's absence, leads Makut to the horses, but Deathstalker has escaped. Learning that he is up against Deathstalker, Troxartes uses his power to awaken all the dead foes he defeated to catch the “legend.”
Elizena's guards were killed by Makut after he thought they were aiding Deathstalker. She accidentally meets Deathstalker who is camping in the woods. In the morning she leaves and is found by Troxartes who takes her back to his castle as his bride. Deathstalker trails them and infiltrates the castle by night, but is found by Troxartes himself who asks for the stone until Deathstalker is knocked unconscious and the stone retrieved. Troxartes figures out there is actually a third stone needed to harness the power so he puts his mistress to torture Deathstalker for the knowledge, but he escapes and ties her up. Heading for the stones, Nicias unknowingly teleports right near Troxartes in the castle who jovially captures him and intends to put him in his army if his magic cannot find the third stone.
In the woods at night, Deathstalker finds Marinda and runs into a few of the undead warriors near a camp fire recognizing Gragas who was killed in a fair fight between Deathstalker earlier. They are forced to do Troxartes's bidding because their souls are kept secure in jars so Deathstalker makes a deal to get the jars if they will help him against Troxartes. He also tells Marinda to go alert the northern band to come help in the fight against the castle. Elizena learns she is just being kept alive until the third stone is found so she leads Deathstalker to where Nicias is being kept. The third stone is accidentally discovered to have been hidden in the castle all along. The northern band arrives and the souls are released by Deathstalker so the undead warriors turn on Troxartes and his band. In the ensuing battle, Makut is killed by an arrow during a duel between Deathstalker. Troxartes kills Marinda and is then killed by Deathstalker during the fight. The three stones are united at last and it reveals the secret city of Arandor and peace is brought to the land. Deathstalker rides off into the sunset for further adventures.
Cast
John Allen Nelson as Deathstalker
Carla Herd as Carissa / Elizena
Terri Treas as Camisarde
Thom Christopher as Troxartas
Aarón Hernán as Nicias
Roger Cudney as Inaros
Agustín Salvat as Makut
Claudia Inchaurregui as Marinda
Mario Iván Martínez as Preacher
Carlos Romano as Gragas
Erika Carlsson as Khorsa
Alejandro Bracho as Dead Warrior
Lizetta Romo as Dead Warrior
Antonio Zubiaga as Soldier
Manuel Benítez as Soldier
Production
The movie borrows footage from The Raven for some of the exterior shots of Troxartes's castle turrets.
Reception
Influence
This movie appeared on the seventh season of Mystery Science Theater 3000. In the episode, Mike Nelson, Tom Servo, and Crow T. Robot mock lead actor John Allen Nelson's inability to maintain a consistent accent throughout the film, as well as his character's irritating cockiness that causes them to root against him for most of the movie. They also ridicule Makut's helmet, which has enormous metal bat wings welded on each side. Thom Christopher's physical appearance and poor line delivery in the film also prove to be fodder for several jokes. At one point, Tom Servo comments that he cannot take an "arch nemesis who's 5'8" and bald" seriously. The wizard Nicias prompts numerous jokes as well, primarily The Lord of the Rings comments that compare his appearance to Gandalf, Saruman, and Radagast the Brown. The film's lame attempt at a battle scene prompted Nelson to say on two occasions, "This movie is like playing Doom when there's no monsters or opponents." and "This is one of the most ambitiously bad movies we have ever done."
The episode's stinger (following the end credits) is Marinda's mother angrily declaring "Potatoes are what we eat!"
The MST3K version of Deathstalker and the Warriors from Hell was included as part of the Mystery Science Theater 3000, Volume XXXV DVD collection, released by Shout! Factory on March 29, 2016. The other episodes in the four-disc set include Teenage Caveman (episode #315), Being from Another Planet (episode #405), and 12 to the Moon (episode #524).
Soundtrack
The movie's theme tune is a recycling of James Horner's theme for Roger Corman's Battle Beyond the Stars, which has been re-used by Corman himself for several of his films, including Space Raiders and Sorceress. The film also includes an excerpt of Brian Eno's "Prophecy Theme" from the soundtrack of the 1984 David Lynch version of Dune.
References
External links
1988 films
1980s fantasy films
Sword and sorcery films
Fantasy adventure films
Deathstalker (film series)
1980s English-language films
1980s American films |
4034976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Bentley | Ray Bentley | Ray Russell Bentley (born November 25, 1960) is a former professional American football linebacker, broadcaster, and author.
Biography
Playing career
Bentley's first three years in professional football were spent with the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League.
He later joined the Buffalo Bills, and played six seasons with the team, including their first two Super Bowl years in the 1990s. Bentley's career ended with the Cincinnati Bengals in 1992, in which he set the team's franchise record for the longest fumble return touchdown (75 yards).
Broadcasting career
Bentley worked as part of the NFL on Fox broadcast team for four years from 1998 to 2001, doing both color commentary and play-by-play. He left Fox for a position as head coach and general manager of the Arena Football League's Buffalo Destroyers, and held that position for two years before resigning.
From 2003 to 2006, Bentley was a color commentator alongside play-by-play man Bob Papa on NBC's Arena Football League coverage, and since 2003 has served in that capacity for ESPN. In 2007, Bentley returned to the Buffalo Bills as a play-by-play announcer for their preseason television games, a role he still serves. He is also an advisory member for the revival of the USFL.
From 2009 to 2016
Bentley was a radio personality on 107.3 in Grand Rapids MI. In 2012 he was the linebacker coach for the Grandville Bulldogs. Ray is currently a defensive coordinator for the high school team Byron Center Bulldogs.
Author
Bentley is the author of a series of children's books about the character of Darby the Dinosaur.
References
1960 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Arena football announcers
ArenaBowl broadcasters
Buffalo Bills announcers
Buffalo Bills players
Central Michigan Chippewas football players
Cincinnati Bengals players
College football announcers
Columbus Destroyers coaches
Michigan Panthers players
National Football League announcers
Oakland Invaders players
Olympic Games broadcasters
Sportspeople from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Players of American football from Grand Rapids, Michigan |
4034981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderware | Wonderware | Wonderware was a brand of industrial software now owned by Aveva and rebranded under the AVEVA name. Wonderware was part of Invensys plc, and Invensys plc was acquired in January 2014 by Schneider Electric. Invensys plc. was formed in 1999 by the merger of BTR plc and Siebe plc, and Wonderware was acquired by Siebe plc in 1998.
The Wonderware software now under the AVEVA name is used in various industries, including: Automotive Assembly, Facilities Management, Food and Beverage, CPG, Mining and Metals, Power, Oil and Gas, Chemicals, Energy, Water and Wastewater.
Distribution
Over the decades Wonderware built up a network of distributing partners including a group of individually owned partners doing business under the Wonderware name. This network, including those Wonderware named partners, now sell and support AVEVA products. The Wonderware brand and name now only exists as a distribution name for AVEVA.
History
Wonderware was co-founded by Dennis Morin and Phil Huber. Both were former employees of another local startup located in Irvine, California.
Wonderware was sold to British-based SIEBE in 1998 for nearly 400 million dollars. By that time, all the founding members had left the company. Co-Founder Phil Huber remains active in startups. Morin died on the last day of 2012. Wonderware became part of Paris-based Schneider-Electric in 2014.
Wonderware was formed as a partnership in 1987 and incorporated in California in 1988 as Wonderware Software Development Corporation. The company reincorporated in Delaware in 1993. At the time, there were other software companies making programs to automate production processes, but Wonderware was the first to introduce a program designed to be used with the Microsoft Windows operating system.
Mergers and acquisitions
The original Wonderware Corporation was acquired by Siebe plc in 1998. In 1999, Siebe plc merged with BTR plc to form Invensys plc; in January 2014, Schneider Electric acquired Invensys plc; then in March 2018, AVEVA merged with Schneider Electric Software.
References
MES software |
4034990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Wimmer | Herbert Wimmer | Herbert "Hacki" Wimmer (born 9 November 1944 is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Besides winning five national championships and two UEFA Cups with his club side Borussia Mönchengladbach, he won the 1974 World Cup and the UEFA Euro 1972 with Germany.
Club career
Wimmer started his playing career with lowly Borussia Brand (a place close to the city of Aachen). Between 1966 and 1978, he played in 366 Bundesliga matches for Borussia Mönchengladbach and scored 51 goals. With the club, he won five national championships (in 1970, 1971, 1975, 1976, and 1977), the German Cup in 1973, and the UEFA Cup in 1975.
Wimmer started out as a forward, but in Mönchengladbach, his role was primarily to cover defensively for the star of the team in this era, midfield playmaker Günter Netzer. His physical endurance, which earned him the nickname the Iron Lung, was one of his major assets. Wimmer was considered as a paragon of a player that never runs out of steam. As such, Jonathan Wilson, when writing for The Guardian in 2013, described him as a "destroyer," which is a type of holding midfielder whose role is mainly to help win back possession and distribute the ball to other players.
International career
Between 1968 and 1976, Wimmer also played in 36 matches for the West German national team, where he scored four goals. With West Germany, he won the 1972 European Football Championship – he scored the second goal in the 3–0 win in the final against the USSR – and the 1974 FIFA World Cup, where he took part in two matches.
Honours
Borussia Mönchengladbach
Bundesliga: 1969–70, 1970–71, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77
DFB-Pokal: 1972–73
UEFA Cup: 1974–75; runner-up: 1972–73
European Cup runner-up: 1976–77
West Germany
FIFA World Cup: 1974
UEFA European Championship: 1972; runner-up: 1976
Individual
UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1972
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1975–76
References
External links
1944 births
Living people
People from Eupen
German footballers
Germany international footballers
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
UEFA Euro 1972 players
UEFA Euro 1976 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
1974 FIFA World Cup players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
Bundesliga players
Association football midfielders
UEFA Cup winning players |
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