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4032585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma%20receptor | Sigma receptor | Sigma receptors (σ-receptors) are protein cell surface receptors that bind ligands such as 4-PPBP (4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine), SA 4503 (cutamesine), ditolylguanidine, dimethyltryptamine, and siramesine. There are two subtypes, sigma-1 receptors (σ1) and sigma-2 receptors (σ2), which are classified as sigma receptors for their pharmacological similarities, even though they are evolutionarily unrelated.
The fungal protein ERG2, a C-8 sterol isomerase, falls into the same protein family as sigma-1. Both localize to the ER membrane, although sigma-1 is also reported to be a cell surface receptor. Sigma-2 is an EXPREA domain protein (citation needed) with a mostly intracellular (ER membrane) localization.
Classification
Because the σ-receptor was originally discovered to be agonized by benzomorphan opioids and antagonized by naltrexone, σ-receptors were originally believed to be a type of opioid receptor. When the σ1 receptor was isolated and cloned, it was found to have no structural similarity to the opioid receptors, but rather showed similarity to fungal proteins involved in sterol synthesis. At this point, they were designated as a separate class of proteins.
Function
The function of these receptors is poorly understood. Drugs known to be σ-agonists include cocaine, morphine/diacetylmorphine, opipramol, PCP, fluvoxamine, methamphetamine, dextromethorphan, and berberine. However, the exact role of σ-receptors is difficult to establish as many σ-agonists also bind to other targets such as the κ-opioid receptor and the NMDA glutamate receptor. In animal experiments, σ-antagonists such as rimcazole were able to block convulsions from cocaine overdose. σ-antagonists are also under investigation for use as antipsychotic medications.
The abundant neurosteroid steroid hormone DHEA is an agonist at sigma receptors and along with pregnenolone could be endogenous agonist ligands; opposed by sigma antagonistic activity from progesterone. Another endogenous ligand, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, was also found to interact with σ1.
Physiologic effects
Physiologic effects when the σ-receptor is activated include hypertonia, tachycardia, tachypnea, antitussive effects, and mydriasis. Some σ-receptor agonists—such as cocaine, a weak σ-agonist—exert convulsant effects in animals. Behavioral reactions to σ-agonists are rather heterogeneous: some individuals find σ-receptor agonists euphoric with significant anti-depressive effects. Other individuals, however, experience dysphoria and often report feelings of malaise or anxiety.
In 2007 selective σ-receptor agonists were shown to produce antidepressant-like effects in mice.
Ligands
Agonists
Choline:
3-MeO-PCP: selective for σ1 subtype, Ki = 42nM
4-PPBP
Afobazole: selective for σ1 subtype
Allylnormetazocine (SKF-10047)
Anavex 2-73
Arketamine
BD1031: selective for σ1 subtype
BD1052: selective for σ1 subtype
Berberine
Citalopram
Cocaine
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)
Dextromethorphan (DXM): relatively selective for σ1 subtype
Dextrorphan
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
Dimemorfan
Ditolylguanidine
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Igmesine
Ketamine
L-687,384: selective for σ1 subtype
Lamotrigine
Memantine: selective for σ1 subtype, low affinity
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Noscapine
OPC-14523
Opipramol
PB-28: selective for σ2 subtype
Pentazocine
Pentoxyverine: selective for σ1 subtype
Phencyclidine
(+)-3-PPP
PRE-084: selective for σ1 subtype
Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone sulfate
SA 4503: selective for σ1 subtype
Siramesine
UMB23
UMB82
Antagonists
AC927
AHD1
AZ66
BD1008
BD-1047: selective for σ1 subtype
BD1060: selective for σ1 subtype
BD1063: selective for σ1 subtype
BD1067
BMY-14802
CM156: 3-(4-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione
E-5842
Haloperidol
LR132: selective for σ1 subtype
LR172
MS-377: selective for σ1 subtype
NE-100: selective for σ1 subtype
Panamesine
Phenothiazines
Progesterone
Rimcazole
S1RA (E-52862): selective for σ1 subtype
Sertraline
UMB100
UMB101
UMB103
UMB116
YZ-011
YZ-069
YZ-185
References
External links
Receptors |
4032607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colfax%2C%20North%20Carolina | Colfax, North Carolina | Colfax is a small unincorporated community located in Guilford County, North Carolina, United States. It is located at (36.11, -80.01) in the western part of the county. The population in 2010 was 4,136.
The community is a suburb of Greensboro and High Point and is located in the center of the Piedmont Triad. Its main attraction is the Robert G. Shaw Piedmont Triad Farmers Market, where people shop for fresh food from local farmers. Its main school is Colfax Elementary, which is part of the Guilford County School System. It is also the location of one of fifteen Piano and Organ Distributors, one of the largest piano sellers in the country.
In 2000, the community attempted to incorporate, but failed after a joint commission found that the proposed limits were not sufficient for incorporation under North Carolina law, lacking under the population density requirement. On June 30, 2008 the city of Greensboro annexed the main part of Colfax into the city limits and in 2010 the City of High Point annexed Southern portions of the area, though some of Colfax is still unincorporated.
History
The Col. Isaac Beeson House, Endsley-Morgan House, and Shaw-Cude House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Attractions
Colfax was home to the Colfax Persimmon Festival, which held its 14th and final annual event in October 2021. The gathering was held on a historic farm on N. Bunker Hill Road, north of the main road through town.
Triad Park, which splits the border between Guilford County and Forsyth County, is a popular destination for outdoor activities and gatherings.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Colfax has a Humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
External links
Colfax Community Profile
Piedmont Triad Farmers Market
Piano and Organ Distributors of Colfax
Colfax Persimmon Festival
References
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in Guilford County, North Carolina |
4032610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad%20Days%20%28EP%29 | Salad Days (EP) | Salad Days is the final EP by the American hardcore punk band Minor Threat. It was released in July 1985, two years after the band's breakup, through Dischord Records with the catalog number DIS 015. The EP differs somewhat from the band's previous material. All songs are slower, making a slight departure from the group's hardcore punk style. Tracks "Good Guys" (a remake of The Standells' song "Sometimes Good Guys Don't Wear White") and "Salad Days" both feature an acoustic guitar, and "Salad Days" also has chimes. Like many of Minor Threat's recordings, Salad Days has never been released on CD, but all the songs are available on their 1989 compilation album Complete Discography.
Track listing
Personnel
Ian MacKaye – lead vocals
Lyle Preslar – guitar
Brian Baker – bass
Jeff Nelson – drums
Production
Skip Groff; Minor Threat – producers
Don Zientara – engineer, mixing
Glen E. Friedman – cover photography
Tomas Squip; Cynthia Connelly; Glen E. Friedman; Doug Humiski; Jim Saah – photography
Jeff Nelson – graphic design
Charts
References
1985 EPs
Minor Threat albums
Dischord Records EPs
EPs published posthumously |
4032612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20the%20West | University of the West | University of the West (UWest) is a private, non-sectarian, Buddhist-affiliated university in Rosemead, California. It was founded in 1990 by Hsing Yun, founder of the Taiwan-based Buddhist order Fo Guang Shan and Hsi Lai Temple, the North American order headquarters. The school offered its first class in spring of 1991.
UWest is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. Founded by a Buddhist organization, UWest is described in their official documents as a "Buddhist-affiliated university" that is "informed by Buddhist wisdom," but UWest students are not required to subscribe to the Buddhist faith or practice Buddhism in any form. Indeed, UWest's undergraduate and graduate programs in business administration garner higher enrollment numbers than its undergraduate and graduate programs in religious studies.
History
University of the West, originally incorporated as Hsi Lai University, () started in a small classroom in Hsi Lai Temple, the North American head branch of the Fo Guang Shan order. In its first semester (1991) the school had only four professors and a student body of around 30 students made up of monks and nuns from the temple. Early instructors were Dr. Roger Schmidt, Dr. Dan Lusthaus, Dr. Jim Santucci (now chair of the Department of Comparative Religion at California State University, Fullerton), and Dr. Lewis Lancaster, an eminent Western scholar of Buddhism, a former UWest president and now Chair Emeritus at University of California, Berkeley. Over the years, each of those original professors has returned to the UWest campus to teach or act in administrative roles (or both).
In 1996, Fo Guang Shan purchased a property at 1409 Walnut Grove Ave. in Rosemead, California, a multicultural suburb of the San Gabriel Valley, approximately ten miles east of downtown Los Angeles. The campus belonged to Biola University at the time and was the site of Biola's seminary school. According to Dr. Jim Chen, a UWest professor of accounting and one of the original negotiators of the property purchase, the Christian-based Biola organization was reluctant to sell the property to a Buddhist organization. After a tussle, the property was successfully purchased.
At that time, the university decided to pursue accreditation while also adding additional programs to its offerings. Undergraduate and advanced degrees in business, English, psychology, philosophy, Chinese language, Buddhist chaplaincy, and religious studies were added. An English as a Second Language program was also established, given the international character of students attracted to the school. The degree programs in history, philosophy, Chinese language, and the bachelor of arts in Buddhist studies, are no longer offered, however, they remain accredited should the university revisit them in the future.
The accreditation process took approximately 10 years to complete, with former dean of academic affairs and noted Buddhist scholar Dr. Ananda Guruge steering the drive for WASC recognition. Accreditation was granted in February, 2006. Shortly thereafter a drive to attract American students to the campus was initiated. As of 2014, approximately 40% of the student body are American citizens or permanent residents.
Board of trustees
Overall governance of the university lies in the hands of its 15-member board of trustees. The trustees select the president, oversee all faculty and senior administrative appointments, monitor the budget, supervise the endowment, and protect university property.
Presidents
The current president of University of the West is Dr. Minh-Hoa Ta.
Past presidents include:
Hsing Yun (1990–1998)
Naichen Chen (1998–2004)
Lewis Lancaster (2004–2006)
Roger Schmidt (2004–2007)
Allen Huang (2007–2009)
Chack-Fan Lee (2009–2010)
Chin-Shun Wu (2010–2013)
Stephen Morgan (2013–2018)
Otto Chang (2018-2019)
Chiung-Sally Chou (interim, 2019-2020)
Enrollment
UWest enrollment stood at 383 students as of the fall 2017 semester. The campus has seen a significant growth in population since accreditation in 2006. The student body is approximately 50% international and 50% domestic. Aside from U.S. students, the student body is made up of students from more than 44 countries.
Research centers
Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism
Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon
Institute of Chinese Buddhist Studies
The Center for the Study of Minority and Small Business (CSMSB)
Accreditation
UWest was accredited in February 2006 by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (now the WASC Senior College and University Commission).
Facilities
University of the West consists of three main buildings, two residence halls and an auditorium on a hilltop campus.
The lower floor of the administration building offers services such as financial aid, admissions, student accounts, registrar etc. The upper floor features classrooms, an investment lab for business students, and the offices of the president. The administration building underwent a major modernization from 2003 to 2012.
The three-story education building houses the library, student services, Kenneth A. Locke Hall, IT services, classrooms, academic departments, professors' offices, and the Student Success Center. The building was modernized in 2003–2012.
The recreation building at the top of the campus hosts the dining hall, recreation game room, and student kitchen.
Other facilities include pool and spa, gym, and basketball court.
Notable faculty and alumni
Ananda W. P. Guruge – Buddhist scholar and diplomat, former Dean of Academic Affairs
Lewis Lancaster – Linguistics scholar, former president of UWest
Hsin Ting – Buddhist monk, abbot emeritus of Fo Guang Shan
Ho Hsiu-chen - First fugitive to be repatriated to Taiwan from the US since the two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1979, Ho was able to stay in US because of her “student” status, as she repeatedly enrolled to study in a doctoral program for over 16 years.
See also
Buddhist universities in the United States and Canada
References
External links
Buddhist universities and colleges in the United States
West, University of
Fo Guang Shan
Rosemead, California
Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
1990 establishments in California
1991 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1990
Educational institutions established in 1991
Private universities and colleges in California |
4032613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Colby%20Chase | George Colby Chase | George Colby Chase (March 15, 1844 - May 27, 1919) was an American intellectual and professor of English who served as the second President of Bates College succeeding its founder, Oren Burbank Cheney, from March 1894 to November 1919.
Known as "the great builder," Chase constructed 22 new academic buildings and residential dorms on the campus of the college, tripled the number of students and faculty as well as quadrupling the financial endowment to one million dollars. Chase is notable for being the first and only alumnus of Bates to be elected its president.
Life and career
Chase was born on March 15, 1844, in Unity, Maine. His parents were Freewill Baptists. At age 18 Chase enrolled at the Maine State Seminary and graduated from the Seminary program in 1864. He then enrolled in the college program at Bates College, graduating in 1868. After graduation he taught at the New Hampton Literary Institute, eventually returning to teach at Bates in 1870. In the 1870s, in pursuit his life's work, he returned to Lewiston and enrolled in the theological school, which later became a part of the college's religion department. Meanwhile, the Bates offered him a professorship of Greek and he spent the next year teaching and pursuing his studies in theology. After his spell teaching Greek he moved to teaching English.
In order to better prepare himself, he spent a year as a graduate student at Harvard, returning in 1872 to join the Bates faculty as Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature. Chase attended Bates' Cobb Divinity School while teaching, but eventually decided not to pursue a career in ministry. Chase then studied at Harvard University, returning to Bates in 1872 to teach Rhetoric and English.
Chase taught for 22 years and during that time his administrative skills were noticed by the current Bates College president, Oren Burbank Cheney. In the 1880s Chase took on many of the president's fundraising responsibilities, and in 1894, Chase became Bates' second president, when Oren Burbank Cheney retired. As president Chase greatly expanded the college campus, student body, and the endowment. Chase served as president until his death in 1919. He died shortly after signing the diplomas for the class of 1919. His house on Frye Street is currently part of College, and Chase Hall is named after him.
He has received several honorary degrees including University of New Brunswick and Bowdoin College.
In 1872, he married Emma F. Millett, a former member of the Bates College's first graduating class. They had five children: George, Emma, Muriel, Elizabeth and Caroline. Chase died at his home in Lewiston, Maine, on May 27, 1919, at the age of 75.
Legacy
Chase was honored by Bates with the construction of Chase Hall, which houses the Student Activities Center, the college book store, the postal center, the offices of several student organizations.
See also
History of Bates College
List of Bates College people
References
Further reading
Chase, George M., George C. Chase: A Biography, (Boston: Houghton Milton, 1924).
External links
George Colby Chase records at Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College
Chase Hall at Bates College
George Chase's House
1844 births
Baptists from Maine
Bates College alumni
Bates College faculty
Teachers of English
Harvard University alumni
People from Unity, Maine
Presidents of Bates College
1919 deaths
19th-century Baptists |
4032619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20Willy%203%3A%20The%20Rescue | Free Willy 3: The Rescue | Free Willy 3: The Rescue is a 1997 American family film directed by Sam Pillsbury and written by John Mattson. Released by Warner Bros. under their Warner Bros. Family Entertainment banner, it is the third film in the Free Willy franchise, and the final installment of the original storyline as well as the final one to be released theatrically. Jason James Richter and August Schellenberg reprised their roles from the previous films and they are joined by new cast members Annie Corley, Vincent Berry and Patrick Kilpatrick.
The film was dedicated to Free Willy co-writer Keith A. Walker, who died after production was completed.
Free Willy 3: The Rescue premiered on August 8, 1997 to mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $3.4 million.
Plot
Jesse is sixteen years old and works as an orca-researcher on a research ship called the Noah alongside his old friend Randolph. He's moved away from Glen, Annie and his younger half brother Elvis who were promised by Randolph to keep him out of trouble. They suspect that Willy and his pod are being illegally hunted by whalers posing as commercial fishermen. Aboard just such a ship, the Botany Bay, Max Wesley, who is ten years old, takes his first trip to sea with his father, John, a whaler from a long line of whalers and learns the true unlawful nature of the family business. During his first hunt, Max accidentally falls overboard and comes face to face with Willy. From this point on, Max is working against his own father, teaming with Jesse and Randolph to save Willy from becoming a part of an underground market for whale meat. Jesse introduces Max to Willy properly after learning of Max's experience and how Max likes whales. Jesse goes to his and Randolph's head boss Drake about the threat to the whales, but he refuses to take action until Jesse manages to get proof.
Jesse manages to sneak on board the Botany Bay to steal a sample of the spears that are used to shoot the whales and discovers that the whalers are heading back out to go after Willy and his pod, using an audio recording of a song which Jesse plays on his harmonica as a lure for Willy, who won't realize that it's not Jesse until it's too late. Drake plans to call for help the next day, but knowing it will be too late then, Jesse, Randolph and one of their fellow researchers, Drew, steal the Noah research boat from her mooring and go after the whalers themselves. Max manages to buy them a little time by jumping into the water and forcing the whalers to pause their pursuit of the whales to perform a "man overboard" rescue for Max, which gives Jesse and his two companions enough time to catch up. John is angry because he learns that his son isn't on his side and believes that Max tried to sabotage the engine (Jesse had actually been the one who did this), but it doesn't stop him.
Jesse, Randolph and Drew use a flare gun and their boat's P.A. system to try to bluff the whalers into stopping, but when it doesn't work, Jesse rams the Noah into the Botany Bay just as they fire a harpoon, the jolt causing the harpoon to miss Willy and knocking John into the water. Willy tries to kill him, by biting at him, but Jesse and Max manage to convince Willy to spare him. Max's father then gets trapped under a net and nearly drowns as the net drags him down and ultimately comes face to face with Willy himself. This time, Willy, instead of killing him, saves him by pushing him to the surface and holding him there long enough for Jesse and Randolph to rescue him. The Coastal Marine Patrol arrive, having been summoned on the radio by Jesse before he rammed the Botany Bay, and catch the whalers (who are stunned by Willy rescuing their boss) in the act and arrest them. Being saved by Willy causes John to realize that he was wrong about the whales and he apologizes to Max. John is not sure where to go from here as his whole life has been about whaling, but Max tells him he is his father and forgives him.
Later, Jesse, Randolph, Drew and Max witness the birth of Willy's son (the mother is an orca named "Nicky"). Max thought about using Willy's name until Jesse suggests Max's name for the newborn calf. The film ends with Willy, his family, and the rest of the pod swimming away out to the open sea.
Cast
Jason James Richter as Jesse
August Schellenberg as Randolph Johnson
Annie Corley as Drew Halbert
Vincent Berry as Max Wesley
Patrick Kilpatrick as John Wesley (credited as "Wesley")
Tasha Simms as Mary Wesley
Peter LaCroix as Sanderson
Stephen E. Miller as Dineen
Ian Tracey as Kron
Matthew Walker as Captain Drake
Roger R. Cross as 1st Mate Stevens
Rick Burgess as Smiley
Roman Danylo as Pizza Kid
Soundtrack
Free Willy 3: The Rescue marked the only entry to not feature musical contributions from Michael Jackson. Instead of Basil Poledouris, the music was composed and conducted by Cliff Eidelman and performed by the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. Though score experts from the songs "Connection" and the Free Willy main theme are heard including at the conclusion of movie where the song "A New Family" used the latter.
Songs featured in the film but not on the soundtrack are "China Grove" by The Doobie Brothers, "What Do You See?" by Skydiggers, "Big Sky" by The Reverend Horton Heat and "Pressin' On" by Little Charlie & the Nightcats.
The soundtrack was released on July 29, 1997 by Varèse Sarabande.
Track listing
Reception
Free Willy 3 received generally mixed reviews from critics.
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 44% based on reviews from 16 critics.
Siskel & Ebert called Free Willy 3 the best movie in the series, Roger Ebert gave it a thumbs-up and 3 out of 4 stars in his review, writing, "the series has grown up" and "smart kids will enjoy it."
References
External links
1997 films
1997 children's films
1997 drama films
1990s children's drama films
1990s English-language films
American children's drama films
American sequel films
Fictional orcas
Films set on ships
Films about animal rights
Films about children
Films about cruelty to animals
Films about dolphins
Films about families
Films about father–son relationships
Films about friendship
Films about marine biology
Films about Native Americans
Films about orphans
Films about ship hijackings
Films about whales
Films about whaling
Films directed by Sam Pillsbury
Films featuring underwater diving
Films scored by Cliff Eidelman
Films shot in Vancouver
Films with underwater settings
Free Willy (franchise)
Puppet films
Regency Enterprises films
Seafaring films
Warner Bros. films
1990s American films |
4032622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialized%20view | Materialized view | In computing, a materialized view is a database object that contains the results of a query. For example, it may be a local copy of data located remotely, or may be a subset of the rows and/or columns of a table or join result, or may be a summary using an aggregate function.
The process of setting up a materialized view is sometimes called materialization. This is a form of caching the results of a query, similar to memoization of the value of a function in functional languages, and it is sometimes described as a form of precomputation. As with other forms of precomputation, database users typically use materialized views for performance reasons, i.e. as a form of optimization.
Materialized views which store data based on remote tables were also known as snapshots (deprecated Oracle terminology).
In any database management system following the relational model, a view is a virtual table representing the result of a database query. Whenever a query or an update addresses an ordinary view's virtual table, the DBMS converts these into queries or updates against the underlying base tables. A materialized view takes a different approach: the query result is cached as a concrete ("materialized") table (rather than a view as such) that may be updated from the original base tables from time to time. This enables much more efficient access, at the cost of extra storage and of some data being potentially out-of-date. Materialized views find use especially in data warehousing scenarios, where frequent queries of the actual base tables can be expensive.
In a materialized view, indexes can be built on any column. In contrast, in a normal view, it's typically only possible to exploit indexes on columns that come directly from (or have a mapping to) indexed columns in the base tables; often this functionality is not offered at all.
Implementations
Oracle
Materialized views were implemented first by the Oracle Database: the Query rewrite feature was added from version 8i.
Example syntax to create a materialized view in Oracle:
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW MV_MY_VIEW
REFRESH FAST START WITH SYSDATE
NEXT SYSDATE + 1
AS SELECT * FROM <table_name>;
PostgreSQL
In PostgreSQL, version 9.3 and newer natively support materialized views. In version 9.3, a materialized view is not auto-refreshed, and is populated only at time of creation (unless WITH NO DATA is used). It may be refreshed later manually using REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW. In version 9.4, the refresh may be concurrent with selects on the materialized view if CONCURRENTLY is used.
Example syntax to create a materialized view in PostgreSQL:
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW MV_MY_VIEW
[ WITH (storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ]) ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
AS SELECT * FROM <table_name>;
SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server differs from other RDBMS by the way of implementing materialized view via a concept known as "Indexed Views". The main difference is that such views do not require a refresh because they are in fact always synchronized to the original data of the tables that compound the view. To achieve this, it is necessary that the lines of origin and destination are "deterministic" in their mapping which limits the types of possible queries to do this. This mechanism has been realised since the 2000 version of SQL Server.
Example syntax to create a materialized view in SQL Server:
CREATE VIEW MV_MY_VIEW
WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
SELECT COL1, SUM(COL2) AS TOTAL
FROM <table_name>
GROUP BY COL1;
GO
CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX XV
ON MV_MY_VIEW (COL1);
Stream processing frameworks
Apache Kafka (since v0.10.2), Apache Spark (since v2.0), Apache Flink, Materialize, and RisingWave all support materialized views on streams of data.
Others
Materialized views are also supported in Sybase SQL Anywhere. In IBM Db2, they are called "materialized query tables". ClickHouse supports materialized views that automatically refresh on merges. MySQL doesn't support materialized views natively, but workarounds can be implemented by using triggers or stored procedures or by using the open-source application Flexviews. Materialized views can be implemented in Amazon DynamoDB using data modification events captured by DynamoDB Streams.
Google announced in 8 April 2020 the availability of materialized views for BigQuery as a beta release.
References
External links
Materialized View Concepts and Architecture – Oracle
SQL Snippets: SQL Features Tutorials – Materialized Views – Oracle
Oracle9i Replication Management API Reference Release 2 (9.2)
Materialized Views in Oracle 11.2
Materialized query tables in Db2
Creating Materialized Views In MySQL
Relational model
Data modeling
Database management systems
Databases
Articles with example SQL code |
4032628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berthoald | Berthoald | Berthoald (or Bertoald) (died 604) was the mayor of the palace of Burgundy from some time before 603 (when he is first mentioned as mayor under King Theuderic II) until his death in the next year. According to the Burgundian chronicler Fredegar, he was moderate, sensible, brave, and honest.
In 604, Theuderic, at the suggestion of his grandmother Brunhilda, sent Berthoald to inspect the royal villae along the Seine, in order to have him away from court so that he might be conveniently killed. Brunhilda intended to raise her paramour Protadius to Berthoald's honours. Berthoald and three hundred men were at Arèle when King Clotaire II of Neustria—alerted by some means to his presence— sent an army under his son Merovech and his mayor Landric to assault him. Berthoald fled to Orléans, and Landric followed and besieged him, which violated a peace treaty with Theuderic. The king of Burgundy went out at Christmas to Étampes and met the forces of Merovech and Landric. Defeating them with the aid of Berthoald, he took Paris. Berthoald was killed in battle, having charged the enemy too far, with no regard for his own life, which he knew was in danger at court because of the plottings on behalf of Protadius. Protadius was indeed made mayor of the palace after him.
6th-century births
604 deaths
Mayors of the Palace |
4032629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C3%A7%20family | Koç family | The Koç family is a Turkish family of business people founded by Vehbi Koç, one of the wealthiest self-made people in Turkey. His grandsons, the third generation of the Koç family, today run Turkey's largest group of companies, Koç Holding, the only Turkish company on the Fortune Global 500 list. In 2016, the family's wealth was estimated at US$8 billion, ranking them as the wealthiest family in Turkey. According to Murat Bardakçı, their lineage can be traced to Hacı Bayram-ı Veli.
Notable family members
Vehbi Koç was born on July 20, 1901, in Ankara and died on February 25, 1996, in İstanbul. In 1926, he married Sadberk, his maternal cousin. Starting in trade at a very young age, he built up a broad net of companies, and founded Koç Holding in 1963. He became the richest person in Turkey. His son Rahmi Mustafa Koç and his three daughters, Semahat, Sevgi and Suna, succeeded him.
Semahat Sevim Koç, born 1928 in Ankara, is the first child of Vehbi Koç. She graduated from the American College for Girls in Istanbul before studying at the Goethe Institute in Germany. She was married to Dr. Nusret Arsel from 1956 until his death in 2014. Semahat is member of the board directors of Koç Holding and the Koç Foundation. She is president of the Semahat Arsel Nursing Education and Research Center.
Rahmi Mustafa Koç (born 1930 in Ankara) received his BA degree from Johns Hopkins University, US, after graduating from Robert College in İstanbul. He served at various managerial posts in the group companies, and in 1984 took over the leadership of the business empire his father had founded. Rahmi married Çiğdem Meseretçioğlu, but the couple ultimately divorced after their three sons were born. In 2003, he transferred his chair to his eldest son Mustafa, and assumed the title of honorary chairman of Koç Holding.
Mustafa Vehbi Koç, born 1960 in İstanbul, was the eldest son of Rahmi Koç. He died on January 21, 2016, following a heart attack. He was educated in the Lyceum Alpinum Zuoz in Switzerland, and graduated in 1984 from George Washington University, US. After serving at various posts, this third generation member of the family was appointed president of Koç Holding in 2003. He was married to Caroline Giraud, the daughter of a renowned Levantine family from İzmir.
Mehmet Ömer Koç was born on March 24, 1962, in Ankara as the second son of Rahmi Koç. He graduated from Robert College in İstanbul and Millfield School in Somerset, UK. Ömer was educated first at the Georgetown University, Washington D.C., and then obtained his BA and master's degree from Columbia University, New York. After working in several posts in the Koç group companies, he is currently chairman of Koc Holding, replacing his brother Mustafa, who died in 2016.
Ali Yıldırım Koç (born April 2, 1967, in İstanbul) is the youngest son of Rahmi Koç. After finishing high school at Harrow School, London, he received his B.A. in 1989 from Rice University, Houston, Texas, followed by his Master's degree from Harvard University in 1997. After working in various companies in the US and in the Koç Group, he became chief executive of Koç Holding's information technologies group. He recently married Nevbahar Demirağ. He is the elected chairman of the Turkish sports club Fenerbahçe SK.
Sevgi Koç was born 1938 as the third child of Vehbi Koç. She graduated from the American College for Girls in Istanbul and married Erdoğan Gönül, a member of the Koç Holding's board of directors. She was also made a member of the board of directors for both Koç Holding and the Vehbi Koç Foundation. Sevgi also presided over the executive committee of the Sadberk Hanim Museum in İstanbul, and was a columnist in the Turkish newspaper Hürriyet. She died in İstanbul from cancer on September 12, 2003, shortly after her husband.
Suna Koç was born in 1941 and died in 2020. She was the fourth child of Vehbi Koç. She graduated from American College for Girls in Istanbul, and was then educated at the Bosphorus University, İstanbul. She was married to İnan Kıraç, a high-ranking executive of the Koç Group. They have one child. Suna had served in various posts in the holding, most notably as vice president. She was also a board member of various foundations and educational institutions. Due to her contributions in education, health and social service in Turkey, Suna was awarded the Supreme Service Medal by state president Süleyman Demirel in 1997. In 1999, the London Business School granted her honorary membership for her contributions in leadership at the Koç Holding and in field of children's education in Turkey.
See also
American Hospital, Istanbul
Pera Museum
Rahmi M Koç Museum
Koç Holding
Koç School
Koç University
Vehbi Koç Foundation
References
Turkish business families
Turkish billionaires |
4032654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gourd%20Dance | Gourd Dance | The Gourd Dance is a social dance.
Origin legends
Many Native Americans dispute the origin of the legend of the Gourd Dance. A Kiowa story recounts the tale of a young man who had been separated from the rest of the tribe. Hungry and dehydrated after many days of travel, the young man approached a hill and heard an unusual kind of singing coming from the other side. There he saw a red wolf singing and dancing on its hind legs. The man listened to the songs all afternoon and through the night and when morning came, the wolf spoke to him and told him to take the dance and songs back to the Kiowa people. The "howl" at the end of each gourd dance song is a tribute to the red wolf. The Kiowa Gourd Dance was once part of the Kiowa Sun Dance ceremony.
Decline, revival, and organizations within the Kiowa Tribe
Beginning in 1890 the United States government began to actively enforce bans on Kiowa cultural ceremonials and the Gourd Dance was out of normal practice by the late 1930s.
In 1957 the Kiowa Director for the American Indian Exposition, Fred Tsoodle, called upon singers Bill Koomsa and William Tanedooah who remembered the Gourd Dance songs. Also called were Clyde Ahtape, Harry Hall Zotigh, Fred Botone, Oliver Tanedooah, and Abel Big Bow in Kiowa Gourd Dance dress to dance to the songs for a special tribal presentation at that year's festivities. Two years later inspired by the presentation several Kiowa men reorganized the Kiowa Gourd Dance Society and formally established the organization on January 30, 1957 and voted on the name "Kiowa Gourd Dance". Within the next decade the organization split into three unrelated branches: the establishing group (now called Kiowa Gourd Clan), Tiah-Piah Society of Oklahoma (established in 1962), and the Tia-piah Society of Carnegie (now known as the Kiowa TiaPiah Society). All three societies hold their annual ceremonials on and around July 4, due to the Gourd Dance at one time being a part of the Sun Dance ceremonials usually held in mid-summer.
The variations on the word "Tia-Piah" used in the names of Kiowa Gourd Dance organizations comes from Jài:fè:gàu (Tdeinpei-gah) [IPA: tãi.peː.gɔ] one of the eight Kiowa warrior societies. Perhaps because of the military connotations of the term the Gourd Dance has often been mistaken for a "veteran's dance". However, leaders of all three of the earliest Kiowa-established gourd dance organizations agree that this is not a requirement to become a member of the societies. Dances from two of the other presently-existing societies, Pòlá:hyòp ("Pah-Lye-Up" or "Rabbit Society") [pʰo.laː.hyop] and Óhòmà:gàu ("Ohomah" or "War Dance Society"), [o.ho.mɔː.gɔ] are incorporated into the Kiowa summer ceremonials before and after the gourd dance sessions.
Participation
The Gourd Dance originated with the Kiowa tribe, and is a man's dance. Women participate by dancing in place behind their male counterparts and outside the perimeter formed by the men. The dance in the Kiowa Language is called "Ti-ah pi-ah" which means "ready to go, ready to die".
The Kiowa consider this dance as their dance since it was given to them by "Red Wolf". It has spread to many other tribes and societies, most of which do not have the blessing of the Kiowa Elders. Some gourd societies do not distinguish race as a criterion, and even non-Indians can and are inducted into their gourd societies, the Kiowa gourd dance society however only inducts Indians of half blood or more. Many participants may be older men, and the dance is less energetic and less physically demanding than most pow-wow dances. Some of the Gourd Dances that are held go on all afternoon and on into the evening when it finally cools off enough so that more energetic Intertribal dances can begin. Some Tribal dances feature only Gourd Dancing.
Regalia
Modern Gourd Dance regalia consists of a red and blue blanket draped over the shoulders. (This accessory represents night and day). Some dancers change the blanket to rest over the heart red during the day and blue after dark. A skunk berry (Ka-hole) and silver beaded bandolier fastened on the left shoulder is draped across the heart. The red skunk berry bandolier was added as a memorial tribute to a battle fought with Cheyenne warriors. The aftermath left the land covered with red blood and is represented by the red skunk berries. A handkerchief bundle of Indian perfume, gathered from the foothills, is tied to the back of the bandolier.
A metal rattle to accompany the drumbeat and a feathered fan usually are held in opposite hands. Normally Kiowa Gourd Clan members do not use real gourds in this dance because they are associated with the Native American Church ceremonies.
Traditionally dressed gourd dancers wear buckskin leggings and a long, red breechcloth. These are covered by a black fringed shawl wrapped above the black shawl to secure it. Today these are accompanied with a long sleeved shirt, bolo tie or tie.
Head attire can include hair wrapped with otter wraps, a roach or otter cap. Following Kiowa protocol, it is considered disrespectful to wear ball caps, T-shirts, cowboy hats or boots while participating in this dance. The four Kiowa headsman of this society urge its members to dress with dignity and discretion.
Music and choreography
Like pow-wow dancing, Gourd Dancing is performed in a circular arena. The drum can be placed on the side or in the center of the arena. The dancers take their place around the perimeter of the area. During most of the song, the dancers dance in place, lifting their feet in time to the drumbeats, and shaking their rattles from side to side. At certain points in the singing, the drum beat changes to harder beats. At this point, the dancers will dance in place. When it changes to softer beats the dancers will dance a short distance from their spots.
Typically, the dance begins in the afternoon, and the opening song (referred to as a "Calling Song") is sung first. The head singer will determine how many songs are sung in a set. Usually the slower paced songs are sung in the beginning and progressively faster songs are sung as the gourd dance progresses. When the gourd dance draws to a close, a fast song is usually the last to be performed, but it is not the "official" closing song. Sometimes buffalo songs will be sung after that last gourd dance song.
References
Stanford University Pow-wow
Pow-wow Terminology
Thinkquest
Kiowa
Native American dances
Ritual dances
Indigenous culture of the Great Plains |
4032655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SiS%20630/730 | SiS 630/730 | The SiS 630 and SiS 730 are a family of highly integrated chipsets for Intel (Slot 1/Socket 370) and AMD (Slot A/Socket A) respectively. At the time of release they were unique in that they not only provided VGA, Audio, LAN, IDE and USB functionality on board, but were also in a single-chip solution. At the time of release (1999) most chipsets were composed of physically separate north-bridge and south-bridge chips (technically these still existed in the SiS 630/730 but were contained in a single package). Only later have single-chip solutions become popular in the mainstream, with chipsets such as the nVidia nForce4.
VGA Core (SiS 305)
Hardware Acceleration (Motion Compensation and iDCT) for DVD Playback.
Ultra-AGP Architecture.
Fully DirectX 7.0 Compliant Graphics Engine.
Resolution Up to 1920x1200 8bpp/16bpp 60 Hz NI.
Optional Extended Graphics Memory (EGM) On board for 128-bit Memory Accessing.
Supports VESA DDC1, DDC2B & DDC 3.0.
Driver Support for OS/2(R), Windows(R) 95/98/ME, Windows NT(R) 4.0, Windows(R) 2000/XP.
Supports SiS 301 Video Bridge Interface for Dual Display.
NTSC/PAL TV or Secondary CRT monitor or TFT Digital LCD Monitor.
The video core in the SiS 630/730 is based on the 128-bit SiS 305. The VGA core is capable of using either its own dedicated local memory (giving a 128-bit memory interface) or taking a chunk out of system memory (usually configurable from between 8 MB to 64 MB, giving 64-bit memory interface). In the majority of systems it is configured to use system memory since to get local memory support it was necessary to use a special card which fitted into the AGP slot which is impossible in laptops, and for desktop systems didn't make any sense once cheap AGP graphics cards became available offering superior performance. The onboard adapter competed well against the Intel i810 on Intel platforms and the VIA Twister on AMD both in terms of features and performance.
Unlike the Intel i810, the SiS 630 renders 3D in 32-bit colour (although the performance was quite poor). There was also support for full hardware decoding of MPEG2 which gave CPU usage of around 5-10% when watching DVDs with suitable software (Cyberlink PowerDVD 5 or VideoLAN Media Player). Access to the acceleration is provided via DXVA under Windows 2000/XP.
Another interesting feature is that the SiS 30x core supports two independent overlay surfaces, one for each output. This means that it is possible to view videos on both the primary monitor (e.g. the built in screen on a notebook) and on a TV-Out or secondary monitor output. Most other graphics cards only have one overlay surface or in some cases will clone the same overlay.
The memory bandwidth is shared between the graphics adapter and the rest of the system. Therefore, the system performance is dependent on the resolution and colour depth that is in use. Whilst this would give comparatively poor scores in pure memory throughput benchmarks (a SiS 630 system will show around 470 MB/s of memory read throughput compared to around 800 MB/s on a similar system with discrete graphics) the real-world performance in office applications was very good with systems (particularly budget notebooks) based around the chipset frequently walking away with "best buy" awards.
As of 2003 it seems that SiS have chosen to abandon the SiS 630/730 with no newer drivers being offered and the last two sets being unusable on a large number of systems.
Audio (SiS 7018)
64-voice Polyphony 'Wavetable' sample-based Synthesizer.
DirectSound 3D Accelerator for IID, IAD and Doppler Effects.
Full-duplex, Independent Sample Rate Converter for Audio Recording and Playback.
Supports 2/4/6 Speakers Output with Optional VirtualFX, VirtualAC3.
AC'97 V2.1 Interface for External Audio Codec.
SoundBlaster Pro/16 Compliant.
Full Duplex VirtualPhone Speaker Phone with Modem Capable AC'97.
V.90 Software Modem Compliant.
Driver Support for Windows 95/98/ME, NT 4.0, Windows 2000/XP.
Unlike the later SiS 735 chipset which used the host-processed SiS 7012, the SiS 630/730 featured the fully hardware accelerated SiS 7018 core which itself is a design licensed from Trident, sold as the Trident 4DWave (the same design was also licensed by ALi for use in their 5451 chipset). The Windows 95 VxD drivers take advantage of the hardware acceleration, and there is also SoundBlaster 16 emulation for MS-DOS based games.
Unfortunately SiS chose to drop all of the hardware features from Windows 2000 onwards, treating it as a simpler AC97 host processed solution, as the SiS 7012. At the time of writing there is still no support for the hardware DirectSound, mixing or MIDI features that this chip provides in the WDM driver.
10/100 Fast Ethernet (SiS 900)
IEEE802.3/IEEE802.3u Compatible, 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Standards Support.
Supports On-Now, Wake-On-LAN, PCI Power Management 1.1.
Driver Support for Windows 95/98/ME, NT 4.0, Windows 2000/XP, OS/2, Netware, ODI, SCO Unix, Netware & Linux.
Onboard Ethernet functionality is provided by an SiS 900 compatible controller providing both 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s with auto-sensing.
USB (SiS 7001)
The SiS 630/730 provides two USB 1.1 controllers called the SiS 7001, theoretically allowing 2 12 Mbit/s shared amongst up to 6 physical USB ports. On some boards or notebook systems only one of the controllers is used, with the other one going unused.
IDE (SiS 5513)
The IDE controller on the SiS 630/730 provides support for up to UDMA/100 depending on the specific variant. The IDE controller connects to the "north-bridge" via a dedicated 133 MB/s link, separate from the second 133 MB/s link between the north bridge and other PCI devices. This is beneficial in two ways; firstly IDE performance shouldn't be affected by other PCI devices, and similarly IDE transfers shouldn't affect other devices such as sound cards.
Other Hardware Features
In addition to the features listed above, the SiS 630/730 has support for legacy ports including SPP/ECP/EPP parallel port, 2 serial ports and Fast Infrared/IrDA. There is also a modem interface for HSP AMR modems such as those from SmartLink and PCTel.
See also
Silicon Integrated Systems
External links
http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/sis630.html
http://www.winischhofer.net/mymain/linuxsisvga
Motherboard
Graphics processing units |
4032656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/408%20Tactical%20Helicopter%20Squadron | 408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron | 408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron (408 THS) () is a unit of 1 Wing, Kingston. It is co-located with 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Edmonton.
Equipped with 16 CH-146 Griffon helicopters, it rotates a high combat-readiness level with 400 Squadron (CFB Borden, Ontario) and 430 Squadron (CFB Valcartier, Quebec). Its primary role is in support of contingency operations and vanguard brigades requiring tactical helicopter resources.
No. 408 Squadron's mandate also includes supporting United Nations and NATO peacekeeping operations, land force training, and support to other government departments. For example, 408 Squadron's eight Griffons were assigned to support the Canadian contingent in the Balkans in 1999. Their job was to ferry small teams of paratroopers, infantrymen, and tankers to certain areas to check out water reservoirs, power grids, suspected weapons caches, minefields, and mass grave sites.
History
No. 408 Squadron's history dates back to 24 June 1941, when RAF Bomber Command's directive called for the formation of 408 Squadron as part of No. 5 Group RAF. It was to be the second Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) bomber squadron formed overseas. Goose Squadron, as it was to become known, was initially based at RAF Lindholme in Yorkshire, England, and equipped with Handley Page Hampdens. During the war, the Goose Squadron converted aircraft several times. No 408 would change from Hampden aircraft to the Halifax, and then to the Lancaster in August 1943 after moving to RAF Linton-on-Ouse and becoming part of No. 6 Group.
It flew 4,610 sorties and dropped 11,340 tons of bombs. A total of 170 aircraft were lost and 933 personnel were killed, listed as missing in action (MIA) or prisoners of war (POW). Squadron members won two hundred decorations, and 11 battle honours for its wartime operations.
On 5 September 1945 No 408 Squadron was officially disbanded.
On 10 January 1949, Goose Squadron was reformed at RCAF Station Rockcliffe, Ontario. Equipped with eight Lancaster Mark X photographic aircraft, it was tasked with the mapping of Canada, specifically the far North. In 1962, the squadron formed a flight of Canadair CT-133 Silver Star aircraft and given the additional task of photo reconnaissance missions in support of army exercises.
On February 29, 1964, the Lancaster aircraft were retired and replaced with Dakotas. The Goose Squadron was moved to Rivers, Manitoba, and re-designated as a transport support and area reconnaissance squadron.
On May 1, 1964, RCAF Station Rivers Transport Support Flight with its C-119 Boxcars was transferred into 408 Squadron. In 1965, the Boxcars were replaced by CC-130 Hercules aircraft. As the decade drew to a close, 408 Squadron was once again redesignated. On October 1, 1968, it started its long history with 10 Tactical Air Group as a "Tactical Fighter Squadron".
During this post-war era, the squadron flew seven different aircraft: the Lancaster, Cansos, Norseman, Dakotas, Boxcars, T-33s, and Hercules aircraft. Late in 1970, the squadron was once more disbanded.
On January 1, 1971, 408 Squadron was once again re-activated at Namao in Edmonton, Alberta, as a tactical helicopter squadron (THS) and equipped with CH-135 Twin Huey and CH-136 Kiowa helicopters.
Its primary tasking is to provide tactical aviation to the army. The mission includes air mobile assault, air ambulance, air observation, reconnaissance insertions, troop movement, airborne command and control platform and dropping paratroopers. In September 1996, the squadron was re-equipped with CH-146 Griffon helicopters.
Personnel from 408 Squadron deployed to Afghanistan nearly continually from 2006 until 2011. Initially forming a Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TUAV) detachment using the CU-161 Sperwer. From 2008, 408 members were deployed to Kandahar airfield operating the CH-146 Griffon and CH-147D helicopters as part of the Joint Task Force Afghanistan Air Wing. The primary role of the JTF-A Air Wing was to provide transportation, reconnaissance, armed escort, and fire support to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
In July of 2018, 408 THS deployed to Mali as part of Task Force Mali on Operation Presence. In Mali, 408 THS operated the CH-146 Griffon in the armed escort role, providing support to MEDEVAC and utility missions. 408 THS completed its tour in Mali in January of 2019, having participated in seven medical evacuation missions
Aircraft
Handley Page Hampden
Handley Page Halifax B Mk II, III, V, VII
Avro Lancaster Mk II, X
Consolidated PBY Canso
Noorduyn Norseman
Canadair CT-133 Silver Star
Douglas Dakota
Fairchild C-119 Boxcar
Lockheed CC-130 Hercules
Bell CH-135 Twin Huey
Bell CH-136 Kiowa
Bell CH-146 Griffon
Images
Badges
References
RCAF/DND - Squadron history
External links
RCAF/DND - Squadron history
Canadian Forces aircraft squadrons
Royal Canadian Air Force squadrons |
4032658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Saint-Mandé (Paris Métro) | Saint-Mandé () is a station on Line 1 of the Paris Métro, which is located in the commune of Saint-Mandé, just outside the Boulevard Périphérique. It was called Tourelle until 1937, when it was renamed Saint-Mandé - Tourelle. On 26 July 2002, "Tourelle" was dropped from the name.
Station layout
See also
List of stations of the Paris Métro
References
Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D’Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.
Paris Métro stations in Saint-Mandé
Railway stations in France opened in 1934
Railway stations located underground in France |
4032661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj%20Firlej | Mikołaj Firlej | Mikołaj Firlej may refer to several members of the Firlej family:
Mikołaj Firlej (?-1526), hetman, voiode of Sandomierz (wojewoda sandomierski)
Mikołaj Firlej (?-1588), voivode of Lublin (wojewoda lubelski)
Mikołaj Firlej (?-1601), voivode of Kraków (wojewoda krakowski), Grand Marshal of the Crown
Mikołaj Firlej (1588-1635), voivode of Sandomierz (wojewoda sandomierski) |
4032672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amor%C3%ADn | Šamorín | Šamorín (; , ) is a small town in western Slovakia, southeast of Bratislava.
Etymology
The name is derived from a patron saint of a local church Sancta Maria, mentioned for the first time as villa Sancti Marie (1285). Today's name is an adaptation of the original name: Zent Maria – Samaria – Somoria – Šamorín.
Geography
The town is located on the Danubian Flat in the Žitný ostrov island, near the Gabčíkovo dam by the Danube around southeast of Bratislava and west of Dunajská Streda. Administratively, the town belongs to the Trnava Region, Dunajská Streda District.
History
The oldest artifacts indicating the settlement of the area are dated to the Neolithic and Eneolithic Period.
The settlement of the location is documented also for the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. Later archaeologic research (2008) uncovered artifacts from the Early and High Middle Ages (remnants of settlements, dwellings, farm buildings).
After the Mongol invasion, the village was settled by German "guests" who had the leading role in the town administration. The German minority was given a royal privilege to apply Pressburg Law (now Bratislava) and lived in the town until the end of the Middle Ages. The presence of other ethnic groups like Pechenegs and Székelys is also documented.
The small Hungarian town was mentioned for the first time in 1238 as ecclesia Sancte Mariae and was a prominent port by the Danube during the Middle Ages and the market center of Rye Island. Agriculture also played a major role in the town's development. As a result of this prosperity, its citizens enjoyed a brisk trade in the new technologies and many shipyards on the Danube. However, with rise of Pressburg, the importance of the town began declining. Šamorín eventually lost its right to the status of royal free city granted in 1405 during the reign of Hungarian King Sigismund. In the sixteenth century, the city became notable again because of the witch trials held there.
After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally (contested by Hungary) by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945 Šamorín (Somorja) once more became a part of Hungary under Miklós Horthy through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia.
Demography
According to the 2014 census, the municipality had 13,028 inhabitants. In 2011 7,309 (56.1%) of the inhabitants were Hungarians, 4,365 (33.51%) Slovaks, 63 (0.48%) Czechs and 989 others were unspecified.
In 1910, the town had a total population of 2,930, which included 2,699 (92.12%) Hungarians, 112 (3.82%) Germans and 114 (3.89%) Slovaks.
According to the 1991 census, ethnic groups included 71% Hungarians and 27.4% Slovaks.
According to the 2001 census, ethnic groups included 66.63% Hungarians and 30.96% Slovaks.
The religious make-up was 75.27% Roman Catholics, 4.42% Protestant, 11.75% without denomination and others.
Landmarks
The Reformed Church, originally Catholic and built in the 13th century in the late Romanesque style.
The Catholic Church and its former cloister from the 18th century in the Baroque style.
The Protestant Church of 1784
The Synagogue, built in 1912 in a Romanesque Revival style
The Renaissance-style city hall
Municipal division
Šamorín has five districts: Šamorín () proper and the villages of Bučuháza (), Čilistov (), Kráľovianky (), and Mliečno ().
Historically incorporated villages
1808: Gančháza
1960: Čilistov
1976: Mliečno
Notable people
Livia Bitton-Jackson (born 1931), Holocaust survivor and author, writing a three-part series on her journey from Šamorín to New York City
Pál Skriba (1932–2004), Hungarian painter and teacher
Tibor Linka (born 1995), sprint canoer, won a gold medal at the 2015 World Championships and a silver medal at the 2016 Olympics
Twin towns — sister cities
Šamorín is twinned with:
Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
Hainburg an der Donau, Austria
Gheorgheni, Romania
Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
References
The information in this article is based on that in its German equivalent.
Notes
External links
Official website
Populated places on the Danube
Cities and towns in Slovakia
Hungarian communities in Slovakia |
4032677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20panther | Florida panther | The Florida panther is a North American cougar (P. c. couguar) population in South Florida. It lives in pinelands, tropical hardwood hammocks, and mixed freshwater swamp forests. It is known under a number of common names including Costa Rican puma, Florida cougar, and Florida puma.
Males can weigh up to and live within a range that includes the Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park, the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge, Picayune Strand State Forest, rural communities of Collier County, Florida, Hendry County, Florida, Lee County, Florida, Miami-Dade County, Florida, and Monroe County, Florida. It is the only confirmed cougar population in the eastern United States, and currently occupies 5% of its historic range. In the 1970s, an estimated 20 Florida panthers remained in the wild, but their numbers had increased to an estimated 230 by 2017.
In 1982, the Florida panther was chosen as the Florida state animal.
Description
Florida panthers are spotted at birth, and typically have blue eyes. As the panther grows, the spots fade and the coat becomes completely tan, while the eyes typically take on a yellow hue. The panther's underbelly is a creamy white, and it has black tips on the tail and ears. Florida panthers lack the ability to roar, and instead make distinct sounds that include whistles, chirps, growls, hisses, and purrs. Florida panthers are average-sized for the species, being smaller than cougars from colder climates, but larger than cougars from the Neotropics.
Adult female Florida panthers weigh , whereas the larger males weigh . Total length is from and shoulder height is . Male panthers, on average, are 9.4% longer and 33.2% heavier than females because males grow at a faster rate than females and for a longer time.
Taxonomic status
It was described as a distinct cougar subspecies (Puma concolor coryi) in the late 19th century. The Florida panther had for a long time been considered a unique cougar subspecies, with the scientific name Felis concolor coryi proposed by Outram Bangs in 1899.
A genetic study of cougar mitochondrial DNA showed that many of the purported cougar subspecies described in the 19th century are too similar to be recognized as distinct.
It was reclassified and subsumed to the North American cougar (P. c. couguar) in 2005.
Despite these findings, it was still referred to as a distinct subspecies P. c. coryi in 2006.
In 2017, the Cat Classification Taskforce of the Cat Specialist Group revised the taxonomy of Felidae, and now recognises all cougar populations in North America as P. c. couguar.
Diet
The Florida panther is a large carnivore whose diet consists both of small animals, such as raccoons, armadillos, nutrias, hares, mice, and waterfowl, and larger prey such as storks, white-tailed deer, feral pigs, and small American alligators. The Florida panther is an opportunistic hunter, and has been known to prey on livestock and domesticated animals, including cattle, goats, horses, pigs, sheep, chickens, dogs, and cats. When hunting, panthers shift their hunting environment based on where the prey base is. Female panthers frequently shift both their home range and movement behavior due to their reproductive rates.
Early life
Panther kittens are born in dens created by their mothers, often in dense scrub. The dens are chosen based on a variety of factors, including prey availability, and have been observed in a range of habitats. Kittens will spend the first 6–8 weeks of life in those dens, dependent on their mother. In the first 2–3 weeks, the mother spends most of her time nursing the kittens; after this period, she spends more time away from the den, to wean the kittens and to hunt prey to bring to the den. Once they are old enough to leave the den, they hunt in the company of their mother. Male panthers are not encountered frequently during this time, as female and male panthers generally avoid each other outside of breeding. Kittens are usually 2 months old when they begin hunting with their mothers, and 2 years old when they begin to hunt and live on their own.
Threats
Humans threaten the Florida panther through poaching and wildlife control measures. Besides predation, the biggest threat to the Florida panther is habitat fragmentation. It was persecuted, and the population reduced to a small area in southern Florida. The population became inbred with individuals having kinked tails, and heart and sperm problems.
The two highest causes of mortality for individual Florida panthers are automobile collisions and territorial aggression between Florida panthers. When these incidents injure the panthers, federal and Florida wildlife officials take them to White Oak Conservation in Yulee, Florida, for recovery and rehabilitation until they are well enough to be reintroduced. Additionally, White Oak raises orphaned kittens and has done so for 12 individuals. Most recently, an orphaned brother and sister were brought to the center at 5 months old in 2011 after their mother was found dead in Collier County, Florida. After being raised, the male and female were released in early 2013 to the Rotenberger Wildlife Management Area and Collier County, respectively.
Primary threats to the population as a whole include habitat loss, habitat degradation, and habitat fragmentation. Southern Florida is a fast-developing area, and certain developments such as Ave Maria near Naples, are controversial for their location in prime panther habitat.
Fragmentation by major roads has severely segmented the sexes of the Florida panther, as well. In a study done between 1981 and 2004, most panthers involved in car collisions were found to be male. However, females are much more reluctant to cross roads. Therefore, roads separate habitat, and adult panthers.
Development, as well as the Caloosahatchee River, are major barriers to natural population expansion. While young males wander over extremely large areas in search of an available territory, females occupy home ranges close to their mothers. For this reason, panthers are poor colonizers and expand their range slowly, despite occurrences of males far away from the core population.
The National Park Service has identified mercury poisoning as a potential threat to panthers in south Florida after a female panther from the park died.
Disease
Antigen analysis on select Florida panther populations has shown evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus and puma lentivirus among certain individuals. The presence of these viruses is likely related to mating behaviors and territory sympatry. Although, since Florida panthers have lower levels of the antibodies produced in response to FIV, consistently positive results for the presence of infection is difficult to find.
In the 2002–2003 capture season, feline leukemia virus was first observed in two panthers. Further analysis determined an increase in FeLV-positive panthers from January 1990 to April 2007. The virus is lethal, and its presence has resulted in efforts to inoculate the population. While no new cases have been reported since July 2004, the virus does have potential for reintroduction.
In August 2019, Florida's Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission identified, through the use of game cameras, eight endangered panthers affected by an apparent neurological disorder, but were unable to identify any potential infectious diseases that can affect felines and other species.
Chemicals
Exposure to a variety of chemical compounds in the environment has caused reproductive impairment to Florida panthers. Tests show that the differences between males and females in estradiol levels are insignificant, which suggests that males have been feminized due to chemical exposure. Feminized males are much less likely to reproduce, which represents a significant threat to a subspecies that already has a low population count and a high level of inbreeding. Chemical compounds that have created abnormalities in Florida panther reproduction include herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides such as benomyl, carbendazim, chlordecone, methoxychlor, methylmercury, fenarimol, and TCDD.
Genetic depletion
The Florida panther has low genetic diversity due to a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Factors that include habitat destruction contributed to the formation of a distinct and isolated subspecies of puma in the Florida panther. Isolation was followed by a gradual decline in the population size that increased the likelihood of inbreeding depression. The lower genetic diversity and higher rates of inbreeding led to the increased expression of deleterious traits in the populations, resulting in lower overall fitness of the Florida panther population. This also lowers the adaptive capacity of the population and increases the likelihood of genetic defects such as cryptorchidism and other complications to the heart and immune system. Specifically concerning the Florida panther, one of the morphological consequences of inbreeding was a high frequency of cowlicks and kinked tails. The frequency of exhibiting a cowlick in a Florida panther population was 94% compared to other pumas at 9%, while the frequency of a kinked tail was 88% as opposed to 27% for other puma subspecies. To increase genetic diversity of the Florida panther, eight Texas pumas were introduced to the Florida population to hopefully promote the survival of the native population. The results indicated that the survival rates of hybrid kittens were three times higher than those of purebred pumas. Due to the successes of this restoration effort, the genetic depletion of the Florida panther population is now not as much of a problem as it used to be, but ought to be monitored since the population is still in a fragile state.
Vehicular collisions
Florida panthers live in home ranges between 190 and 500 km2. Within these ranges are many roads and human constructions, which are regularly traveled on by Florida panthers and can result in their death by vehicular collision. Efforts to reduce collisions with the Florida panther include nighttime speed reduction zones, special roadsides, headlight reflectors, and rumble strips. Another method of reducing collisions is the creation of wildlife corridors. Because wildlife corridors emulate the natural environment, animals are more likely to cross through a corridor rather than a road because a corridor provides more cover for prey and predators, and is safer to cross than a road.
Conservation status
It was formerly considered critically endangered by the IUCN, but it has not been listed since 2008. Recovery efforts are currently underway in Florida to conserve the state's remaining population of native panthers. This is a difficult task, as the panther requires contiguous areas of habitat – each breeding unit, consisting of one male and two to five females, requires about of habitat. This animal is considered to be a conservational flagship because it is a major contributor to the keystone ecological and evolutionary processes in their environment. A population of 240 panthers would require of habitat and sufficient genetic diversity to avoid inbreeding as a result of small population size. However, a study in 2006 estimated that about were free for the panthers. The introduction of eight female cougars from a closely related Texas population has apparently been successful in mitigating inbreeding problems. One objective to panther recovery is establishing two additional populations within historic range, a goal that has been politically difficult.
Outside Florida
Florida panthers, usually wandering males, have occurred as vagrants outside of Florida. In 2008, a Georgia man was sentenced to 2 years probation, fined, and handed a lifetime hunting ban for killing a Florida panther that had walked 600 miles north to Troup County, Georgia. In about 2014, a male panther was shot and killed in the Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia.
Habitat Conservation
The conservation of Florida panther habitats is especially important because they rely on the protection of the forest, specifically hardwood hammock, cypress swamp, pineland, and hardwood swamp, for their survival. Conservation strategies for Florida panthers tend to focus on their preferred morning habitats. However, GPS tracking has determined that habitat selection for panthers varies by time of day for all observed individuals, regardless of size or gender. They move from wetlands during the daytime to prairie grasslands at night. The implications of these findings suggest that conservation efforts must be focused on the full range of habitats used by Florida panther populations. Female panthers with cubs build dens for their litters in an equally wide variety of habitats, favoring dense scrub, but also using grassland and marshland.
Management controversy
In 2003, a controversy began involving the leading Florida panther expert David Maehr. He was covertly paid by land developers to produce faulty science papers that were used to permit construction projects that destroyed Florida panther habitat.
In light of accusations against Maehr's work, recovery agencies appointed a panel of four experts, the Florida Panther Scientific Review Team (SRT), to evaluate the soundness of the body of work used to guide panther recovery. The SRT identified serious problems with Maehr's literature, including poor citations and misrepresentation of data to support unsound conclusions. A Data Quality Act (DQA) complaint brought by Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility and Andrew Eller, a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), was successful in demonstrating that agencies continued to use incorrect information after it had been clearly identified as such. As a result of the DQA ruling, USFWS admitted errors in the science the agency was using and subsequently reinstated Eller, who had been fired by USFWS after filing the DQA complaint. In two white papers, environmental groups contended that habitat development was permitted that should not have been, and documented the link between incorrect data and financial conflicts of interest.
David Maehr was covertly paid by developers, and his faulty science research gave developers the necessary permitting to clear forests needed by the panthers to retain a viable breeding population. In January 2006, USFWS released a new draft Florida Panther Recovery Plan for public review. The discredited Maehr left Florida and the field of panthers to study black bears in Kentucky; he died in a plane accident in 2008, while doing bear research.
Relationship with humans
If encountered, the advice for people is not to run since this may stimulate the panther’s instinct to chase. Instead, it is best to stand and face the animal and make eye contact. Most Florida panthers will avoid a confrontation. In the event of being attacked, you should fight back, without turning your back. Further, there has never been a reported panther attack in Florida. However, in western states, people have been attacked and fought back successfully with rocks, sticks, or even their bare hands.
See also
Eastern cougar
Black panther
White panther
References
External links
Florida Panther Net – by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Florida Panther – National Park Service website
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Press Release on new Draft Recovery Plan
The Florida Panther Society, Inc.
Florida Panther Project
Bounding, Rebounding: Panthers Make a Comeback – audio report by NPR (requires JavaScript, pop-ups, and Adobe Flash Player)
Puma (genus)
Mammals described in 1899
Mammals of the United States
Symbols of Florida
Fauna of the Southeastern United States
Controversial mammal taxa
ESA endangered species
Species endangered by habitat fragmentation |
4032701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20P.%20Cain | Harry P. Cain | Harry Pulliam Cain (January 10, 1906 – March 3, 1979) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Washington who served as a Republican from 1946 to 1953. Cain is mainly remembered for his conservative and often highly-controversial views as a member of the Senate and as a friend and supporter of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Prior to his term in the Senate, he had served as the 23rd mayor of Tacoma, Washington. Following his Senate term he was widely recognized as a defender of the civil liberties of individuals accused of being security risks during the Eisenhower Administration and as a community activist and moderate Republican until his death in 1979.
In a 1972 interview, Cain described himself as being, "...basically a political pragmatist – from time to time and for different reasons a conservative, militant, liberal, moderate, purist, radical and now and again what some call a populist." Acknowledging that his career had been known for its inconsistencies, he said, "The record consists of doing the best I could when confronted by any situation demanding action."
Early life and education
Harry Pulliam Cain and his twin brother were born in Nashville, Tennessee. Both parents were of Scots-Irish descent who had moved from Virginia, Alabama, and Kentucky. Their boys were taught a strong appreciation for their southern heritage and family history. The family moved to Tacoma in 1911. Both parents were accomplished writers. His mother suffered from depression and committed suicide in 1917. Shortly after her death, Cain suffered an attack of Bell's palsy, crippling his ability to speak. He eventually regained his speech.
Cain attended the Tacoma public schools and then, in 1920, enrolled at Hill Military Academy in Portland, Oregon, where he was a star athlete and edited the school newspaper. He spent 1924 and 1925 working as a reporter for the now-defunct Portland News-Telegram. He attending the Sewanee: The University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating in 1929. His intellectual hero was the eighteenth-century British philosopher and statesman, Edmund Burke. Upon graduation he received an offer of work from The New York Times.
Career
Before moving to New York City, Cain visited his father in Tacoma but finding him in ill health, decided to remain. He was employed by the Tacoma branch of The Bank of California, N.A. (now Union Bank, N.A.) where he remained until 1939.
When Tacoma was selected to host the 1939 Golden Jubilee Celebration, celebrating fifty years of Washington statehood, Cain was selected as its festival director. The success of the event led Cain to run for the non-partisan position of Mayor of Tacoma in a special election to complete the two-year term of the interim mayor who decided not to run again. A conservative Democrat, Cain voted twice for President Franklin Roosevelt but became disenchanted with the New Deal after 1936. Cain placed third in the primary election. Four days before the general election, the leading candidate died of a stroke and Cain's name was added to the ballot. The dead candidate's supporters backed Cain and he was elected mayor at the age of 34.
Mayor of Tacoma
Cain's terms as mayor were characterized by his enthusiasm and very public approach to governing, including a weekly radio program that was uncommon for the time. His first term was also characterized by the build-up for World War II at the shipyards and military bases around Tacoma, and for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. Following the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Cain was one of only two elected officials on the West Coast to publicly oppose the government's internment of 110,000 Japanese.
In 1942, Cain was re-elected mayor by the largest plurality in Tacoma's history. His second term was characterized by his aggressive efforts to clean up long-existing vice, to obtain funding for wartime housing, to institute a long-range planning process for the city, to reform the outdated City Commission form of government, and opposition from his fellow city commissioners to each of the above.
World War II
He took a leave of absence in May 1943 to enter the United States Army as a Major. Following training at the Army's School of Military Government, Cain was assigned to Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories (AMGOT) in Algiers, Algeria. After field training in Sicily, Cain participated in the invasion of Italy, landing on the beachhead at Salerno, Italy attached to a glider regiment of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division on September 15, 1943. Cain was placed in charge of 29 towns and villages near Naples, Italy trying to meet the needs of starving displaced civilians caught between the two armies. Cain later served in various staff positions on the staff of the newly formed Allied Control Commission (ACC) and the Rome Area Command of the U.S. Fifth Army. He was present during the fighting for Monte Cassino and the invasion of Anzio, two of the bloodiest battles of the Italian campaign.
In March 1944, Cain was assigned to SHAEF headquarters in London, England where he directed the psychological warfare and public relations division of the G-5 Civil Affairs staff. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, he worked with many famous writers and journalists including Archibald MacLeish and Edward R. Murrow. In April 1944, Cain was approached by political supporters in Washington state to run as a Republican for the open U.S. Senate seat in the 1944 election. Although Cain was unable to campaign actively, he won the Republican primary and faced popular Democratic Representative Warren G. Magnuson in the general election. Cain ran a respectable campaign, but fell behind in the final weeks of the campaign, losing to Magnuson by 88,000 votes.
While he was running for the Senate and carrying out his staff duties in London, the Invasion of Normandy and Operation Market Garden had taken place and Cain had missed both of them. He longed for an assignment in the field with a combat unit. In September, he was assigned to the XVIII Airborne Corps, commanded by Major General Matthew Ridgway, as Assistant Chief of Staff for Civil Affairs (G-5). During the Battle of the Bulge in December, Ridgway's Corps was instrumental in plugging the gap and Cain was in the thick of the fighting. Responsible for trying to protect and feed the civilians caught in the middle, Cain received a battlefield promotion to Colonel.
Cain participated in the planning for Operation Varsity, the elimination of the Ruhr Pocket, and the Allied push into Northern Germany. He was slightly wounded 24 hours before the end of hostilities on May 7, 1945. A day later, Cain delivered a speech at the burial of approximately 200 concentration camp victims near the town of Hagenow, Germany. General Ridgway remembered the speech in his memoirs as "one of the most effective I have ever heard."
Cain's last military assignment was inspecting General George S. Patton's controversial military government procedures during the military occupation of Bavaria.
U.S. Senate
After the war, Cain resumed his duties as mayor of Tacoma, but resigned on June 15, 1946, to run again for the Senate. He was elected to the Senate on November 5, 1946, defeating Democrat Hugh B. Mitchell, an affable, competent, and decidedly uncharismatic campaigner who had recently been appointed to the position, by more than 60,000 votes. In this campaign Cain first began to raise the allegations of ties to Communist front organizations against Mitchell and other state Democrats.
Cain served in the Senate from December 26, 1946, to January 3, 1953. He became associated with the midwestern, conservative bloc of the Republican Party led by Robert A. Taft and Arthur H. Vandenberg. His term was controversial and marked by often inflammatory rhetoric and positions on issues that were sometimes seen as being at odds with the best interests of his constituents. Cain later discussed his approach to serving in the Senate in a 1949 interview. "I had decided to listen only to my conscience and my instinct and do what seemed right at the time. Why not? A man in public office might as well play it the way he thinks he should. There is no sure way to stay in public office."
He voted for the Taft-Hartley Act, against a 70-group Air Force, against an expansion in Social Security benefits and generally against public power. He was generally considered to be the real estate industry's strongest supporter in Congress and once made an extended speech attacking Time Magazine for including him on a list of the "Senate's Most Expendable" members. He engaged in two notable filibusters; the first a 6 ¾ hour successful effort to block the nomination of former Washington Governor and Senator Mon C. Wallgren to be director of the National Security Resources Board, and a longer 12 ½ hour unsuccessful effort to block an extension of federal rent controls. While in the Senate, he generally supported the efforts of Senator Joseph McCarthy and others to identify and dismiss government employees who were alleged to be Communist security risks. During the Korean War, he opposed the firing of General Douglas MacArthur and supported extending the war to the Chinese mainland.
As Cain's term in the Senate wound down, he was targeted by the National Democratic Party for defeat in what otherwise looked like a very promising Republican year. With Hugh Mitchell running for Governor, Cain's opponent would be the popular six-term Congressman, Henry M. Jackson. The two fought a tough, bruising campaign, based largely on Cain's record in the Senate. Jackson overcame a national Republican landslide to beat Cain by more than 130,000 votes.
Cain once responded to a comment that he had been a 'reactionary' in the U.S. Senate. "... as a reactionary I reacted strongly against measures believed to be adverse to the public interest. It seldom bothered me that a number of my positions were supported only by a small minority. Had I been concerned with self rather than country I would have acted much differently. I was often angry and too impatient for my own good."
Subversive Activities Control Board
At the urging of some of his former Senate colleagues, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Cain to the Subversive Activities Control Board, where he served from 1953–1956.
Cain went about his new duties, generally supporting the recommendations brought to the board by Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr. Cain soon became aware of numerous cases in which the government's internal security program, while legal, often violated the civil liberties of the accused and sometimes denied them due process under the law. He began to speak out against what he believed to be the excesses of the program in a series of speeches to national civil liberties groups, to the point that White House Chief of Staff Sherman Adams and members of the Justice Department considered him disloyal. The Eisenhower Administration, under pressure from the right wing of their party, saw their internal security program as a means of eliminating security risks from government; Cain saw the program as often trampling on the civil rights of the accused. The confrontation came to a head in a contentious meeting between Cain and the President in the White House on June 7, 1955. Cain determined that he would not to be re-appointed to the position and resigned on June 17, 1955.
On October 23, 1956, a banquet in Cain's honor was held at the National Press Club and attended by more than 350 civil liberties advocates, labor leaders and political admirers, including many of the individuals who Cain had helped. A plaque was presented to Cain with the following inscription: "In Tribute to Harry P. Cain / Champion of Human Dignity, Defender of Constitutional Rights in the Search For National Security / From Those Whose Loyalty to Country He Vindicated, and Those Whose Faith in Freedom He Strengthened / Presented at Testimonial Dinner / National Press Club, Washington, D.C. / 23 October 1956."
Later career
Never wealthy, Cain returned to Tacoma with limited prospects and even less money. Both major parties found him unpredictable. To make matters worse, his marriage was unraveling. He lectured briefly at Yale University and looked for a job. He found it in Miami, Florida where old friends hired him to manage the public relations and, later, the community relations of a large Miami-based savings and loan association.
In May 1957, he was called to testify at Arthur Miller's trial for contempt of Congress. He was Miller's "expert witness on communism" and he testified that he "did not believe" that Miller had written his plays "under the discipline of the Communist Party". His testimony was unusual in that normally only the government produced 'expert testimony' to demonstrate that the defendant was a Communist. In January 1964 he testified in a libel trial brought on behalf of John Goldmark, a Washington state legislator who had been defeated partially on the basis of allegations that his membership in the ACLU was tantamount to being a member of a Communist-front organization. Cain testified that the ACLU had never been on the Attorney General's list of such organizations and Goldmark won a sizable award from the defendants.
Cain became a familiar face on Miami television, hosting and interviewing national political personalities on a weekly public affairs program that the bank sponsored. He also became active in numerous community and civic activities. The Cains divorced in 1958. Later that year he married LaVonne Kneisley, a family friend since the mid-1930s.
He remained active in Republican politics and worked to liberalize and broaden the face of the party in Dade County and throughout the state. In 1962 he managed the congressional campaign of Republican newcomer Robert A. Peterson against Claude Pepper. Peterson lost, but Cain established himself as a viable political force in Florida. He considered running for the U.S. Senate in 1964 and again in 1968, but his moderate positions on social issues were in variance with the state party. He chaired the Florida Citizens for Johnson-Humphrey, the Democratic Party ticket, in 1964, but supported Nelson Rockefeller and then Richard Nixon in 1968 based on his opposition to the Vietnam War. In 1972, he supported his old opponent, Henry Jackson, for the Democratic presidential nomination and campaigned with him in Florida.
In 1972, Cain was appointed to the Metropolitan Miami-Dade County Commission. He championed one of the first indoor smoking bans in the country and other measures ensuring equal rights in jobs, housing and public accommodation. In failing health, he was defeated for re-election in 1976.
Personal life
He married Marjorie Dils of Seattle, Washington, in 1934. They had two children: Harry Jr. (Buzzy) and Candy. In 1935–1936, the couple took an extended trip to England and Germany, where they immersed themselves in theater and he studied British banking methods and listened to the colorful orators in London's Hyde Park. While in Germany, Cain attended several mass rallies where Adolf Hitler and other top Nazi leaders spoke and returned home convinced that Germany presented a major world threat, making more than 150 speeches to local and statewide groups about what he had seen.
Death
He died of complications from emphysema at his home in Miami Lakes, Florida, on March 3, 1979. He was cremated and his ashes scattered on his favorite golf course in Bethesda, Maryland.
References
Bibliography
External links
Congressional Biography
Washington History provides finding aid to article subject from the Special Collections, Washington State Historical Society (WSHS)
1906 births
1979 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Mayors of Tacoma, Washington
People from Miami Lakes, Florida
Republican Party United States senators from Washington (state)
Sewanee: The University of the South alumni
Twin people from the United States
Washington (state) Republicans |
4032706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonda%20people | Bonda people | The Bonda (also known as the Bondo, Bondo Poraja, Bhonda, or Remo) are a Munda ethnic group approximately 12,000 (2011 census) who live in the isolated hill regions of the Malkangiri district of southwestern Odisha, India, near the junction of the three states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh.
Bonda culture
The Bonda people are a tribal people who currently live in the hills of Odisha’s Malkangiri district in India. There are two different Bonda tribes: the Upper Bondas with a population of 6,700 who are the most isolated from mainstream Indian society, and the Lower Bonda with a population of 17,000. Upper Bondas have almost no connection to the outside world. Dambaru Sisha took the oath of office to become the first MLA to the Bonda tribe, to which he traces his ancestry. Sisha attempts to protect the traditions and culture of the people while providing them with educational opportunities. Only 6% of Bondas are literate. The life expectancy of the tribe is so low they are nearly extinct.
The unfree labour or Goti system in India is known as Gufam by the Bonda people. According to Pati, a male bonded labour is called Gufam-Rem whereas a female laborer is a Gufam-Boy. Bonda people are often led to bonded labour through marriage, also known as .
A form of dowry (known as Gining) is paid for brides. In Gining items are used to determine how many arranged marriages will take place. For instance, the number of cows relies upon the social status of the girl.
Bonda boys are expected to marry between the ages of 10 and 12. Although a man may pay the price of a bride for his brother, the brother must always return the amount owed.
Divorce, also known as “Lung Sisi” is also an issue within the Bonda people. In some extreme circumstances, such as if a Bonda woman is divorced for adultery, the former husband demands double the price that was paid for their marriage. The village council determines the severity of the case arrives at a decision based upon the number of cows given back. However, if a man is the one who caused the wrong which resulted in divorce, he can no longer get married through an arranged marriage system.
When a death or mora occurs, it is custom to sacrifice a cow on the tenth day, a practice also known as “Gaitang.”
The chief god of the Bondo people is called Mahāprabhu ().
Population growth in the Bonda Hills in India led to forest habitat decrease although there existed a well-balanced ecosystem. Poverty, however, became a fundamental issue among the Bonda people due to social customs regarding obligatory marriages and deaths, along with myriad other socio-religious practices. These customs did not improve health condition nor economic status, which has created much poverty for them. For instance, crop production is hardly able to feed the population. In order to overcome starvation, the Bonda people, or Ku duburu Remo, often take out loans ( Kalantar or Badi) in order to eat. The loans are usually in cash and are taken from a community member or a figure that serves as a landlord Sakar Remo. Roughly 62 out of 245 households in the Bonda hills are in debt. Loans taken even in cash are charged interest rates, and these funds often provide payments for: bride prices, fines, and the performance of socio-religious rites. As a result, debt payment becomes difficult, with constant fines and interest rates being increased. Very often the Bonda people are led to debt bondage and are forced to liquidate assets such as: land, trees, animals, etc.
Remo, the Bonda language
The Bonda are a scheduled tribe of India and are also known as the Remo (meaning "people" in the Bonda language). The tribe is one of the oldest and most primitive in mainland India; their culture has changed little for more than a thousand years. They are one of the 75 Primitive Tribal Groups identified by the Government of India. Their isolation and known aggressiveness continue to preserve their culture despite the pressures of an expanding Indian population. Their language belongs to the Munda branch of the Austroasiatic language family. It is most closely related to the Gutob language.
Realizing that the Bonda people were in a cultural decline, the Government of Orissa brought to life the Bonda Development Agency (BDA) in 1977. Despite the initiatives taken by the Bonda Development Agency since then, the literacy rates of the Bonda tribes remain one of the lowest, as low as 14 percent.
Two of the most important phonetic features that characterize the Bonda language are the glottal stop, which is a glottal plosive produced by the release of the breath behind the vocal chords, and checked consonants. Those sounds are also featured in Munda languages as a whole. It is the checked consonants k’ and p’ that occur in Bonda, found mostly in the final position of native words. The glottal stop, however, may occur initially in native words. In fact, the checked consonants k’ and p’ are pre-glottalized. The checked consonants behave differently in Bonda depending on whether they are followed by a vowel or another consonant. It has been found that when k’ and p’ are followed by a vowel their glottal stop remains, but they become the sounds g and b. It currently appears as though the Bonda k''' is being fully replaced by the g sound. This may be a product of recent Bonda assimilation into contemporary Indian culture. It is resulting in the loss of one of the original Bonda sounds.
Attire
The Bonda are generally semi-clothed, the women wear thick silver neck bands. The Bonda attire is explained in a legend relating to the Ramayana. According to it, some Bonda women chanced upon Sita who was bathing at a pond in the Bonda hills and, seeing her naked, they sniggered. Enraged, Sita cursed them to a life where they would be condemned to remaining naked and having their heads shaven. When the Bonda women pleaded forgiveness, Sita gave them a piece of cloth she tore off her sari. This explains, according to the legend, why Bonda women have shorn heads and wear only a , a length of cloth that covers the waist. Their torsos are covered in strings of colourful beads. Bonda women also wear metal rings that cover their necks and bangles on their arms. Since Bonda women hunt and forage for food in the forest it is thought that these ornaments have a function of protecting them from injuries and attacks by wild animals.
Bonda women have their heads shaved and adorned with two types of headbands, called and . The is made of grass and the made of beads. Worn together the secures the by preventing the beaded headband from slipping off the woman's head. Bonda women wear metal bands adorning their necks, which are called and are made from aluminum. Including the bands around their neck, necklaces made of beads are also worn, these are called Mali. Due to the culture surrounding their cloth which covers the waist down, the and Mali act as a sort of clothing for the upper body of the women. Both men and women of the tribe wear earrings called made of brass, and rings on their fingers called made of aluminum. For bachelors or newly married men, it is customary to wear their own set of ornaments. Beginning at the ages of eight or nine, males will adorn their bodies with headbands called , bangles called , necklaces called , earrings called , and rings called . Once married, men typically do not continue to adorn their bodies with more ornaments.
Gender roles
In Bonda society, the women enjoy a privileged position. They are the primary workers and providers of food for the community. This matriarchal dominance is also seen in the marital norms of the community. Bonda girls largely marry boys who are at least five to ten years younger than them. Thus the girl looks after her husband as he grows up and in turn he cares for his older wife. In contrast with many other populations in India, the number of women among the Bonda greatly exceeds the number of men.
Among the men alcoholism is a major issue. They spend much time brewing and consuming liquor from rice, palm and the mahua flower. The Bondas are trained in using arms at a young age. This, coupled with rampant alcoholism and their reputation for a quick temper, has contributed to high rates of fratricide among them.
The Bondas still use binnimaya pratha, or barter, and they customarily go to a market every Sunday.
They like to put castor oil on their heads. The women make worli paintings'' in their homes
Threats to Bonda culture
The Government of Odisha has over the years tried to bring the Bonda into the mainstream and set up the Bonda Development Agency (BDA) in 1977 with this aim. Outside influences resulted in the Bondas being given new gods. The curriculum in the government school also seeks to inject this process through prayers and songs. The Bonda have begun to take up non traditional occupations as migrant labourers and as peons and clerks in government offices. This process of mainstreaming has however also had its fallout. Remo or Bonda has approximately 2,500 speakers in the Jayapur hills of Koraput. Despite the large number of speakers of a few Munda languages, bilingualism is widespread. At the present break-neck speed of assimilation, most Munda languages will not survive to the end of this century. All Munda language communities are under heavy demographic and socio-economic pressure to assimilate linguistically to the local Indo-Aryan majority language. The Remo language is now an endangered tongue as more Bondas have taken to Odia as their primary language of communication. The absence of a script or text for Remo adds to the threat of its extinction. It is also feared that other indigenous knowledge of the Bondas will also become casualty to this emphasis on integrating them with Odia society.
In response to threat of a cyclone on 12 October 2014, roughly 1,300 members of Bonda and Didai tribes living "in different villages under Mudulipada and Andrahal gram panchayats" have been moved to the Tribal Welfare Department which is managed by the Mudulipada Boys High School on Saturday. About 3,000 more would be moved to other schools and buildings near Bonda Hill if necessary. For those tribes staying in "thatched and kutcha houses" are being moved to cyclone shelters.
Bibliography
Pancorbo, Luis (2008):"Bonda" en "Avatares. Viajes por la India de los dioses". pp. 147–167. Miraguano Ediciones, Madrid.
Ranjan Sahu, Priya. "Bondas, a Primitive Tribe in Odisha Hills, Get Their First MLA." Points of View Reference Center. Hindustan Times, 24 May 2014. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
Pati, Rabindra Nath., and Jagannatha Dash. Tribal and Indigenous People of India: Problems and Prospects. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub., 2002. Print.
"Bonda Tribals Shifted to Safety." Access World News. New Indian Express, via HT Media Ltd., 12 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 October 2014.
van Driem, G. (2007). Endangered Languages of South Asia. Language Diversity Endangered, B. Matthias, ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 303-341.
References
External links
Manushi on INDIA TOGETHER: Reversal of family roles / Societal patterns of Orissa's Bonda tribals
Sinlung Sinlung — Indian tribes.
L'Inde Fantôme (Louis Malle, 1969) 6 — Les etrangers en Inde Part I. A French documentary film about the Bonda.
Telugu society
Scheduled Tribes of India
Ethnic groups in Odisha
Social groups of Odisha
Social groups of Andhra Pradesh
Scheduled Tribes of Odisha |
4032714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonauta%20nouryi | Argonauta nouryi | Argonauta nouryi, also known as Noury's argonaut, is a species of pelagic octopus. The female of the species, like all argonauts, creates a paper-thin eggcase that coils around the octopus much like the way a nautilus lives in its shell (hence the name paper nautilus). The shell is usually approximately 80 mm in length, although it can exceed 90 mm in exceptional specimens; the world record size is 95.5 mm.
A. nouryi is best known from the waters off the western coast of North America, from Panama to Baja California, but it has also been reported from the south west Pacific, as far away as the Coral Sea. It is considered one of the rarest of the Argonauta species. This, combined with the aesthetically pleasing elongated nature of the shell, make A. nouryi one of the most sought after argonaut species by conchologists.
The type specimen of A. nouryi was collected near the Marquesas Islands. The type repository is unknown.
References
Sweeney, M. J. (2002). Taxa Associated with the Family Argonautidae Tryon, 1879. Tree of Life web project.
External links
CephBase: Noury's Argonaut
Information on the genus Argonauta
nouryi
Cephalopods described in 1852 |
4032727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly%20%281999%20film%29 | Molly (1999 film) | Molly is a 1999 romantic comedy-drama film about a 28-year-old woman with autism who comes into the custody of her neurotic executive brother. The film was directed by John Duigan and written by Dick Christie of Small Wonder-fame, and stars Elisabeth Shue as the title character, Aaron Eckhart as her older brother, and Jill Hennessy.
Plot
A 28-year-old autistic woman named Molly McKay has lived in a mental institution from a young age following her parents' deaths in an automobile accident. When the institution must close on account of budget cuts, Molly is left in the care of her non-autistic older brother, Buck McKay, an advertising executive and perennial bachelor. Molly, who verbalizes very little and is obsessed with lining up her shoes in neat rows, throws Buck's life into a tailspin as she runs off her nurses and barges into a meeting at Buck's agency naked.
Molly's neurologist, Susan Brookes, suggests an experimental surgery in which genetically modified brain cells are implanted into Molly's brain. While Buck initially balks at the suggestion, he finally consents to the surgery and Molly makes a gradual but miraculous recovery, speaking fluidly and interacting with others in a normal way. Buck begins taking Molly to social events, like a production of Romeo and Juliet, a baseball game, and expensive dinners. However, after a few months, Molly's brain begins to reject the transplanted cells and she begins to regress into her previous state. Both Molly and Buck must accept the eventual loss of Molly's cure and her regression into her previous state.
In the final scene of the film, Buck accepts Molly's autism and vows to remain in Molly's life by creating a room for her at his home that looks just like the room she had at the institution.
Cast
Elisabeth Shue as Molly McKay
Lauren Richter as 7-year-old Molly McKay
Aaron Eckhart as Buck McKay
Tanner Lee Prairie as 8-year-old Buck McKay
Jill Hennessy as Susan Brookes
Thomas Jane as Sam
D. W. Moffett as Mark Cottrell
Elizabeth Mitchell as Beverly Trehare
Robert Harper as Dr. Simmons
Elaine Hendrix as Jennifer Thomas
Michael Paul Chan as Domingo
Lucy Liu as Brenda
Jon Pennell as Gary McKay
Sarah Wynter as Julie McKay
Jay Acovone as Jack, The Bartender
Release
The film earned US$17,650 during its theatrical run, on a budget of $21 million, making it a box office bomb. Believing the film was unlikely to be a success, the distributors Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer chose to cut their losses and eliminate the film's marketing budget. It was only released on a single weekend in twelve cinemas, in order to meet legal obligations.
Critical reception
Molly received mostly mixed to negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 14% "Rotten" approval from film critics, with a rating average of 3.4 out of 10. The consensus says, "Molly never really elevates above uninspired, cliche-ridden moments." At Metacritic, Molly received a weighted mean rating of 21 out of 100 from film critics, consistently indicating "generally unfavorable reviews", classified as a generally unfavorably reviewed film.
See also
Charly
Rain Man
References
External links
Trailer
1999 films
1990s English-language films
1999 comedy-drama films
1999 romantic comedy-drama films
American romantic comedy-drama films
Films about autism
Films directed by John Duigan
Films scored by Trevor Jones
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1990s American films |
4032733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protadius | Protadius | Protadius (died 606) was the mayor of the palace of Burgundy from 604, when he displaced his rival Berthoald, until his death two years later. He was originally the noble lover of Brunhilda, the grandmother of and regent for King Theuderic II. She, however, desired to raise him to status in the kingdom and had him given the patricianship over the lands east of the Jura, whose duke, Wandalmar, had died in 604. She then conspired to do away with Berthoald, mayor of the palace, by sending him with only 300 men to the region of the Seine. Attacked by Clotaire II of Neustria's son, Merovech, and his mayor, Landric, Berthoald died in the ensuing battle when he realised that he had nothing to lose, for he was no longer safe at court.
Protadius was appointed to succeed Berthoald, though the Chronicle of Fredegar remarks that he had the capabilities of his predecessor, but not his virtues. Perhaps frightened by the same schemes which had ensured his elevation, he undermined the nobility to secure his position and was an exceedingly cruel extortionist. His paramour Brunhilda pressured her grandson to go to war against her other grandson, Theudebert II of Austrasia, and Protadius was put in charge of the army. At the palace of Quierzy, Theuderic assembled the army, but the men did not want to fight their countrymen and the Duke of Alemannia, Uncelen, declared that the king ordered Protadius' death. Protadius was killed by the warriors and the king was forced to sign a treaty.
Further reading
Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages 476-918. Rivingtons: London, 1914.
Selle-Hosbach, K. Prosopographie Merowingischer Amtsträger in der zeit von 511-613. Bonn, 1974.
Wallace-Hadrill, J.M. The fourth book of the Chronicle of Fredegar. London, 1960.
606 deaths
Mayors of the Palace
Year of birth unknown |
4032737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarase | Fumarase | Fumarase (or fumarate hydratase) is an enzyme () that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of fumarate to malate. Fumarase comes in two forms: mitochondrial and cytosolic. The mitochondrial isoenzyme is involved in the Krebs cycle and the cytosolic isoenzyme is involved in the metabolism of amino acids and fumarate. Subcellular localization is established by the presence of a signal sequence on the amino terminus in the mitochondrial form, while subcellular localization in the cytosolic form is established by the absence of the signal sequence found in the mitochondrial variety.
This enzyme participates in 2 metabolic pathways: citric acid cycle and reductive citric acid cycle (CO2 fixation), and is also important in renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of leiomyomas in the skin and uterus in combination with renal cell carcinoma.
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming). Other names in common use include:
fumarase
L-malate hydro-lyase
(S)-malate hydro-lyase
Structure
Gene
In humans, the FH gene is localized to the chromosomal position 1q42.3-q43. The FH gene contains 10 exons.
Protein
Crystal structures of fumarase C from Escherichia coli have been observed to have two dicarboxylate binding sites close to one another. These are known as the active site and the B site. These sites are connected by a series of hydrogen bonds and the access to either site is only through an opening near the enzyme surface near the B site. Active site is made up of three domains. Even when no ligand is bound to the active site, the binding pocket created by surrounding residues is sufficient to bind water in its place. Crystallographic research on the B site of the enzyme has observed that there is a shift on His129 between free and occupied states. It also suggests that the use of an imidazole-imidazolium conversion controls access to the allosteric B site.
Subtypes
There are two classes of fumarases, class I and class II. Classification depends on the arrangement of their relative subunits, their metal ion requirement, and their thermal stability. Class I fumarases are change state or become inactive when subjected to heat or radiation, are sensitive to superoxide anion, are iron (Fe2+) dependent, and are dimeric proteins with each subunit consisting of around 120 kD. Class II fumarases, found in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes, are tetrameric enzymes with subunits of 200 kD that contain three distinct segments of significantly homologous amino acids. They are also iron-independent and thermally stable. Prokaryotes are known to have three different forms of fumarase: Fumarase A, Fumarase B, and Fumarase C. Fumarase A and Fumarase B from Escherichia coli are classified as class I, whereas Fumarase C is a part of the class II fumarases.
Function
Mechanism
Figure 1 depicts the fumarase reaction mechanism. Two residues catalyze proton transfer and the ionization state of these residues is in part defined by two forms of the enzyme, E1 and E2. In E1, the groups exist in an internally neutralized AH/B: state, while in E2, they occur in a zwitterionic A−/BH+ state. E1 binds fumarate and facilitates its transformation into malate, and E2 binds malate and facilitates its transformation into fumarate. The two forms must undergo isomerization with each catalytic turnover.
Despite its biological significance, the reaction mechanism of fumarase is not completely understood. The reaction itself can be monitored in either direction; however, it is the formation of fumarate from S-malate in particular that is less understood due to the high pKa value of the HR atom (Fig. 2) that is removed without the aid of any cofactors or coenzymes. The reaction from fumarate to S-malate is better understood, and involves a stereospecific hydration of fumarate to produce S-malate by trans-addition of a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom. Early research into this reaction suggested that the formation of fumarate from S-malate involved dehydration of malate to a carbocationic intermediate, which then loses the alpha proton to form fumarate. This led to the conclusion that the formation of S-malate proceeds as E1 elimination - protonation of fumarate to create a carbocation was followed by the addition of a hydroxyl group from H2O. However, more recent trials have provided evidence that the mechanism actually takes place through an acid-base catalyzed elimination by means of a carbanionic intermediate, meaning it proceeds as E1cB elimination (Figure 1).
Biochemical pathway
The function of fumarase in the citric acid cycle is to facilitate a transition step in the production of energy in the form of NADH. In the cytosol, the enzyme functions to metabolize fumarate, which is a byproduct of the urea cycle as well as amino acid catabolism. Studies have revealed that the active site is composed of amino acid residues from three of the four subunits within the tetrameric enzyme.
Other substrates
The main substrates for fumarase are malate and fumarate. However, the enzyme can also catalyze the dehydration of D-tartrate which results in enol-oxaloacetate. Enol-oxaloacetate can then izomerize into keto-oxaloacetate. Both Fumarase A and Fumarase B have essentially the same kinetics for the reversible malate to fumarase conversion, but Fumarase B has a much higher catalytic efficiency for the conversion of D-tartrate to oxaloacetate compared to Fumarase A. This allows bacteria such as E. coli use D-tartrate for their growth; the growth of mutants with a disruptive gene fumB encoding Fumarase B on D-tartrate was severely impaired.
Clinical significance
Fumarase deficiency is characterized by polyhydramnios and fetal brain abnormalities. In the newborn period, findings include severe neurologic abnormalities, poor feeding, failure to thrive, and hypotonia. Fumarase deficiency is suspected in infants with multiple severe neurologic abnormalities in the absence of an acute metabolic crisis. Inactivity of both cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of fumarase are potential causes. Isolated, increased concentration of fumaric acid on urine organic acid analysis is highly suggestive of fumarase deficiency. Molecular genetic testing for fumarase deficiency is currently available.
Fumarase is prevalent in both fetal and adult tissues. A large percentage of the enzyme is expressed in the skin, parathyroid, lymph, and colon. Mutations in the production and development of fumarase have led to the discovery of several fumarase-related diseases in humans. These include benign mesenchymal tumors of the uterus, leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, and fumarase deficiency. Germinal mutations in fumarase are associated with two distinct conditions. If the enzyme has missense mutation and in-frame deletions from the 3’ end, fumarase deficiency results. If it contains heterozygous 5’ missense mutation and deletions (ranging from one base pair to the whole gene), then leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma/Reed’s syndrome (multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis) could result.
Interactive pathway map
See also
Fumarase deficiency
References
External links
Structure of Fumarate
Structure of S-Malate
Link to Breakdown of Citric Acid Cycle
Video of Fumarate → (S)L-Malate
EC 4.2.1 |
4032739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution%20in%20South%20Korea | Prostitution in South Korea | Prostitution in South Korea is illegal, but according to The Korea Women's Development Institute, the sex trade in Korea was estimated to amount to 14 trillion South Korean won ($13 billion) in 2007, roughly 1.6% of the nation's gross domestic product. According to a survey conducted by the Department of Urology at the Korea University College of Medicine in 2015, 23.1% of males and 2.6% of females, aged 18–69, had sexual experience with a prostitute.
The sex trade involved some 94 million transactions in 2007, down from 170 million in 2002. The number of prostitutes dropped by 18% to 269,000 during the same period. The amount of money traded for prostitution was over 14 trillion won, much less than 24 trillion won in 2002. Despite legal sanctions and police crackdowns, prostitution continues to flourish in South Korea, while sex workers continue to actively resist the state's activities.
History
Premodern era
Before the modernization of Korea, there were no brothels, but a caste of the women for the elite landholding classes performed sexual labor. Modernization eliminated the Korean caste system. The first brothels in Korea began to spread after the country first opened its port in 1876 through a diplomatic pact, causing ethnic quarters for Japanese migrants to sprout up in Busan, Wonsan and Incheon.
1960s: US military
From the 1960s until today US camp town prostitution has existed outside US military bases (for example outside Camp Casey and Camp Stanley). This was the result of negotiation between the Korean government and the US military, involving prostitution for United States soldiers in camp towns surrounding the US military bases. The government registered the prostitutes, who were called Western princesses, and required them to carry medical certification. The US military police provided for the security in these US camp town prostitution sites, and detained the prostitutes who were thought to be ill, to prevent epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases. This government involvement was in the past motivated in part by fears that the American military, which protected South Korea from North Korea, would leave. Though US officials publicly condemn prostitution, they are perceived as taking little action to prevent it, and some locals suggest that US Army authorities prefer having commercial sex services available to soldiers.
Prostitutions are visited by American soldiers, Korean soldiers and Korean civilians. In the beginning most prostitutes were South Korean with minority of other women from Europe and Asia. Since the early 2000's most prostitutes were Filipina and Russian.
The number of South Korean prostitutes who worked as sex providers for American soldiers and Korean soldiers was between 26,000 and 39,000. This number is according to the research on the number of checkup for Venereal diseases from 1953 to 1969 by professor Lee Young-hoon an economic professor at Seoul National University. Surveys carried out the 1950s and 1960s suggest 60% of these prostitutes worked near U.S. military camps.
Korean government(보건사회복지부) figures give 10,000-30,000 prostitutes servicing the U.N/U.S. military in the South Korea in 1954, about 20,000 prostitutes in 1966, reducing to 13,000-14,000 in 1969. reducing to 9,935 in 1977.
Since 2004, the majority of prostitutes have been Philippine or Russian women. South Korean sex workers have become less numerous as Filipino and Russian women were a cheaper labor alternative. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, thousands of Russian migrated to Korea to work as sex entertainers in Korean red light districts while thousand others forced were into prostitution for both American soldiers and Korean civilian men and soldiers. Since the mid-1990s, foreigners make up 80–85% of the women working at clubs near military bases. Human traffickers not only brought Russian prostitutes for American and Korean soldiers but also brought in many Russian women through sham marriages with South Korean men. In 2005, Filipina and Russian women became common in many Korean red district and even accounted for 90 percent of all the prostitutes in U.S. military camp towns.
2000s
In 2003, the Korean Ministry of Gender Equality announced that 260,000 women—1 of 25 of young Korean women—may be engaged in the sex industry. However, the Korea Women's Development Institute suggested that from 514,000 to 1.2 million Korean women participate in the prostitution industry. In addition, a similar report by the Korean Institute of Criminology noted that 20% of men in their 20s pay for sex at least four times a month, with 358,000 visiting prostitutes daily.
In 2004, the South Korean government passed an anti-prostitution law (Special Law on Sex Trade 2004) prohibiting the buying and selling of sex and shutting down brothels. Soon afterward, over 2,500 sex workers demonstrated in the streets to demand the repeal of the law, as they believed it threatened their livelihood. In 2006, the Ministry for Gender Equality, in an attempt to address the issue of demand for prostitutes, offered cash to companies whose male employees pledged not to pay for sex after office parties. The people responsible for this policy claimed that they want to put an end to a culture in which men get drunk at parties and go on to buy sex.
In 2007 the government announced that sex tourism by Koreans would be made illegal, as well as Korean women going abroad to sell sex. The courts prosecuted 35,000 clients, 2.5 times higher than the number of those who were caught buying sex in 2003. Meanwhile, enforcement is weak and corruption problematic; there is little evidence that new legislation has made much difference, the trade simply finding other ways to carry on its business. However more men are being sent to "John School" for purchasing sex, while a 2010 investigation suggested that 20% of seniors seek out sex workers.
Range of services
Following the enactment of the Special Law in 2004, there was a crackdown on red-light districts; while many of the brothels in those areas were forced to close, the crackdown went as quickly as it came, with the result that prostitution was driven more underground but also became a more competitive business with lower prices and more services.
Red light districts in South Korea can compare to those of Amsterdam and Germany. The four main red light districts in South Korea prior to the Special Law are Cheongnyangni 588, Yongsan Station, and Mia-ri in Seoul and Jagalmadang in Daegu. While not all of them are operating to full capacity, some still exist while being tolerated not only due to the vast amount of money that is involved in the business, but also in an attempt to control the sex industry.
Other sexual services include 가택 마사지 (gataek massaji), an "in-call" massage where the customer would travel or meet at the masseuse's home or quarters; 키스방 (kiss bang), rooms where customers pay to french kiss and fondle women; and 출장 마사지 (chuljang massaji) or an "out-call" massage where the masseuse travels to the customer's place, love motel, hotel, or other agreed location.
Teen prostitution
According to a 2012 study by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, 3% of runaway youths have been exposed to prostitution, either as a buyer or a prostitute. There have been reported cases of runaway girls who sell sex over internet chat, and live with "families" in jjimjilbang, or bathhouses, with fellow runaway girls. According to United Voice for Eradication of Prostitution, these teen prostitutes are exposed to such crimes as rape and diseases as syphilis. Recidivism is common, with over half of the girls counseled by the Voice returning to the sex trade, often because of blackmail from former pimps and social ostracism from future husbands and families.
In contrast to teen prostitution, women in their 50s, 60s, even their 70s called Bacchus Ladies are engaged in prostitution in a park near the Jongno-3 subway station in the heart of Seoul.
Sex trafficking
Though as recently as 2004 the government received low marks on the issue, in recent years the government has made significant strides in its enforcement efforts. Human trafficking was outlawed and penalties for prostitution increased; the 2004 Act on the Prevention of the Sex Trade and Protection of its Victims was passed, toughening penalties for traffickers, ending deportation of victims, and establishing a number of shelters for victims. As of 2005 there were 144 people serving jail time for human trafficking.
A US Immigration official conceded in 2006 that "There's a highly organized logistical network between Korea and the United States with recruiters, brokers, intermediaries.
A Los Angeles police spokesman said that about 90% of the department's 70–80 monthly arrests for prostitution involve Korean women and Los Angeles police estimates that there are 8,000 Korean prostitutes working in that city and its suburbs. According to Timothy Lim, the customers of Korean prostitutes in foreign countries are overwhelmingly non-Korean men in massage parlours, while their customers through out-call services, room salons and hostess bars are often 90-100% Korean. This makes clear that demand for Korean women is driven not only by American men "thirsting" for exotic women, but also by Korean men, especially first generation immigrant men or non-immigrant businessmen.
A US State Department report titled, "Trafficking in person's report: June 2008", states that in "March 2008, a joint operation between the AFP and DIAC broke up a syndicate in Sydney that allegedly trafficked South Korean women to a legal brothel and was earning more than $2.3 million a year. Police allege the syndicate recruited Korean women through deception about the conditions under which they would be employed, organized their entry into Australia under false pretenses, confiscated their travel documents, and forced them to work up to 20 hours a day in a legal Sydney brothel owned by the syndicate."
The US State Department report also states that the South Korean government "fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking". In 2012, the government continued law enforcement efforts against sex trafficking, and signed MOUs for the Employment Placement System (EPS) with five additional countries and conducted numerous anti-trafficking awareness campaigns. The Korean National Police Agency also cooperated with foreign law enforcement agencies to crack down on human smuggling networks.
The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks South Korea as a 'Tier 1' country.
Foreign prostitutes in South Korea
South Korea is both a source and destination country for human trafficking. The agencies use high salaries to lure young girls to go to Korea and once they arrive they are forced to work as sex slaves.
China
Trafficking in Persons Report of the U.S. State Department has mentioned in many occasions that Chinese women are engaged in prostitution in South Korea. The report describes that they are issued a formal visa and are engaged in sexual services and sometimes they are sold as international marriage bribes and are now sexual workers.
According to MINISTRY OF JUSTICE REPUBLIC OF KOREA as of 2016,There are 212,115 Chinese women(Han Chinese) staying in Korea. According to “Survey for the migrant women employed in the entertainment business in Korea” presented by Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, it is reported that the largest number of women engaged in commercial sex for South Korean men can be found in Han Chinese women.
According to MBC, the public broadcasting company of Korea, 80% of massage businesses in South Korea correspond to commercial sex establishments where Chinese women work. In 2012, 240 Chinese women were arrested for having prostituted in the massage parlors in Korea. The South Korean newspaper “The Dong-a Ilbo” reveals that sex workers in the so-called “휴게텔” are all composed of Chinese women (Han Chinese and Ethnic Korean Chinese) except “Gangnam” area. As of 2018, female students from China staying in South Korea reach 41,957 and many of them are caught by the press and reported as sexual workers.
Chinese women are engaged in prostitution through the country of South Korea such as Seoul, Incheon, Suwon, Pyeongtaek, Yongin, Siheung, Bucheon, Paju, Uijeongbu,
Ansan, Anyang, Cheongju, Dangjin, Cheonan, Daejeon, Asan, Daegu, Busan, Gyeongju, Ulsan, Gwangyang, Changwon, Gangwon Province, Jeolla Province and Jeju Island. Chinese women engaged in prostitution practice their commercial sex not only in the cities but also in the rural areas of which the administrative unit corresponds to town and township.
Thai
According to the Justice Ministry, increasing numbers of Thai women are drawn to illegal "massage work" in the ROK. It estimates that the number of illegal Thai residents soared from 68,449 in 2017 to 122,192 in August 2018. Of the 60,000 who are women, some 50,000 are believed to be working in massage parlors, some of them fronts for prostitution. The owner of one Thai massage parlor in Gangnam said, "Even if I try to run a legitimate business, I have no idea what happens in the room between a client and a masseuse who wants to make more money." Massage parlors are illegal in Korea unless operated by blind people, but around 50,000 offer foot massage, sports massage, and acupressure. They employ some 300,000 workers.
Ukrainian
According to multiple reports the Ukrainian sex-workers are the second largest group of foreign women involved into prostitution outside the US military bases in Republic of Korea.
Russian
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, young Russian girls have been commonly seen in the red-light districts of Korea. They can be found in the bars, strip clubs and coffee shops for entertaining the customers. Between January 2000 and March 2001, approximately 6,000 Russian women entered Korea through Busan port and Gimpo. In 2000, 3,064 Russians entered South Korea on E-6 visas, 2,927 of them women (Jhoty, 2001) Many Korean men actively seek out Russian women because they satisfy not only their desire for dominance over exotic females but also the latent psychological need to overcome their complex. Apart from prostitution many others entered through marriages or sham marriages with Korean men so they could stay legally in South Korea.
South Korean sex tourists in foreign countries
China
During the Autumn symposium held at Sinyang Humanities Hall of Seoul National University organized by Korean Association of Women's Studies, Jung Jae-won, a senior researcher of Institute for Gender Research of Seoul National University presented the survey results regarding current state of purchase of sexual services practiced by Korean men abroad. According to the survey presentation regarding “international expansion of Korean-type sex industry and commercial sex culture,” Korean men buy sex with Chinese prostitutes all over China. It is estimated that there are more than 100 brothel(KTV) exclusively for South Korean men in Qingdao of China, which is the example of this city only. The survey shows that some brothel(KTV) for Korean men has each 150-300 Chinese women engaged in commercial sex. It is reported that a brothel(KTV) of Shanghai where South Korean men are regular customers has more than 500 Chinese prostitutes.
In 2007 it was reported that there were 33 online web sites linking Korean men to Chinese prostitutes. Many Korean men have used sex tour in groups with friends and co-workers. In 2013, the Korea Tourism Association filed a complaint with the police against some Internet site for arranging sex service by Chinese prostitutes for Korean men in China.
According to the 'Center for Women's Human Rights' , Korean high school students have bought Chinese prostitutes for sex while on a school field trip to China.
South Korean men continue to be a major source of demand for child sex tourism in China.
Southeast Asia
South Korean men continue to be a major source of demand for child sex tourism in both Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Child prostitutes in Southeast Asian countries were reportedly patronized mainly by South Korean men, who outstrip Japanese and Chinese as the most numerous sex tourists in the region, with the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand mainly seeing South Korean men using child prostitutes.
Korean prostitutes in foreign countries
The South Korean government has expressed concern over its citizens engaging in prostitution in foreign countries like Australia and the United States.
Australia
Many South Korean women are trafficked to Australia to work as prostitutes with more than a thousand Korean women in the Australian sex industry.
United States
Thousands of South Korean women are trafficked to the United States to work as prostitutes in massage parlors. American authorities arrested hundreds of Korean women for prostitution in the five years leading up to 2011, with the 2008 Korea-US Visa Waiver Program leading to an additional increase in the number of Korean prostitutes in America. The number of people who operate with trafficking rackets to ship Korean women into the sex trade in America reaches into the thousands.
China and Taiwan
Korean prostitutes worked in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period.
A ring of South Korean prostitutes, composed of 21 Korean women ranging in age from 24 to 37, serving Chinese men was busted in Macau in 2015.
Some Korean women wear kimonos while working as prostitutes in Macau.
Japan
In 2013, police broke up a racket trafficking women to Japan from Korea. In 2014, it was reported that websites promoting South Korean prostitutes in Japan have been blocked within South Korea by the government.
See also
Kisaeng
Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military
References
External links
Sex Work in South Korea Asia Monitor Resource Center 1999
Sealing Chen. On the move for love. University of Pennsylvania Press 2010
Timothy C. Lim and Karam Yoo (2006). "The Dynamics of Trafficking, Smuggling and Prostitution: An Analysis of Korean Women in the U.S. Commercial Sex Industry
Cheng S. "Commentary on Hughes, Chon, and Ellerman" (Modern-Day Comfort Women: The U.S. Military, Transnational Crime, and the Trafficking of Women) Violence Against Women 14(3) 2008 359-63]
Cheng S. "Changing Lives, Changing Selves: 'Trafficked' Filipina Entertainers in Korea", Anthropology in Action 2002. Vol 9 (1): 13–20.
Sexuality in South Korea |
4032754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang%27s%20algorithm | Huang's algorithm | Huang's algorithm is an algorithm for detecting termination in a distributed system. The algorithm was proposed by Shing-Tsaan Huang in 1989 in the Journal of Computers.
Termination detection
The basis of termination detection is in the concept of a distributed system process' state. At any time, a process in a distributed system is either in an active state or in an idle state. An active process may become idle at any time but an idle process may only become active again upon receiving a computational message.
Termination occurs when all processes in the distributed system become idle and there are no computational messages in transit.
Algorithm
Huang's algorithm can be described by the following:
Initially all processes are idle.
A distributed task is started by a process sending a computational message to another process. This initial process to send the message is the "controlling agent".
The initial weight of the controlling agent is (usually 1).
The following rules are applied throughout the computation:
A process sending a message splits its current weight between itself and the message.
A process receiving a message adds the weight of the message to itself.
Upon becoming idle, a process sends a message containing its entire weight back to the controlling agent and it goes idle.
Termination occurs when the controlling agent has a weight of and is in the idle state.
Some weaknesses to Huang's algorithm are that it is unable to detect termination if a message is lost in transit or if a process fails while in an active state.
See also
Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm
Notes
Termination algorithms |
4032765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Smith%20%28psychologist%29 | Helen Smith (psychologist) | Helen Smith is a forensic psychologist in Knoxville, Tennessee, who specializes in violent children and adults. She holds a Ph.D from the University of Tennessee and master's degrees from The New School for Social Research and the City University of New York. She has written The Scarred Heart: Understanding and Identifying Kids Who Kill, and was writer and executive producer of Six, a documentary about the murder of a family in Tennessee by teens from Kentucky. The film highlights the inadequacies of the school, mental health and criminal justice systems in preventive treatment of troubled teens; the film was shown at a 2003 film festival in Tennessee.
More recently, Smith wrote Men on Strike: Why Men Are Boycotting Marriage, Fatherhood, and the American Dream - and Why It Matters. The National Review interviewed Smith about the book which was also discussed in the media, and within an op-ed piece in the Boston Globe. The Independent Women's Forum presents Smith as an example of a modern feminist, one who is also an advocate for men, and Smith's comments about the lack of support for men appeared in a 2017 article in The Public Eye. The Southern Poverty Law Center includes Smith in their information on men's rights activists.
Selected publications
References
External links
American psychologists
American women psychologists
Female critics of feminism
American bloggers
The New School alumni
University of Tennessee alumni
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
City University of New York alumni
American women bloggers
21st-century American women |
4032768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APTN%20National%20News | APTN National News | APTN National News is a Canadian television national news program aired by the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network. It is broadcast from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
The program formerly aired in two daily editions: APTN National News Daytime aired at 12:30 p.m., and APTN National News Primetime aired at 6:30 p.m. The program now produces a single half hour of news each day, which airs at 6 and 11:30 p.m. Eastern Time nightly, as well as various specialty programs including Investigates on Mondays and Fridays, Laughing Drum, a half hour talk show where comedians review the headlines of the week, Face-to-Face, a long form interview show, InFocus an hour long live interactive talk show, and Nation to Nation, a show examining the political relationship between First Peoples and Canada. Each day there are also short headline news updates at the top of the hour during the afternoon.
The daily newscast's current anchors are Dennis Ward and Melissa Ridgen; Ridgen also hosts InFocus, and Ward also hosts Face-to-Face. Todd Lamirande hosts Nation to Nation, and Investigates has no single overall host, but airs reports filed by all members of APTN's news team.
In 2019, the news division also launched Nouvelles Nationales d’APTN, a weekly French language news program anchored by Sophie Claude Miller.
In addition to its main newsroom in Winnipeg, APTN National News has news bureaus in Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Thunder Bay, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver, Iqaluit, Yellowknife and Whitehorse.
News and current affairs staff at APTN applied for and received union certification with the Canadian Media Guild from the Canadian Labour Board in 2002. Unionized staff reached its first collective agreement with APTN management in April 2003.
On June 8, 2012, award-winning journalist Karyn Pugliese was appointed as the director of news and current affairs for APTN. Pugliese previously worked as the Ottawa correspondent for APTN National News from 2000 to 2006.
Journalists
In addition to the primary anchors, journalists, video journalists, producers and researchers associated with APTN National News include: Trina Roache (Halifax Bureau); Danielle Rochette, Tom Fennario (Montreal Bureau); Annette Francis, Jorge Barrera, Kenneth Jackson, Mark Blackburn, Francine Compton (Ottawa Bureau); Willow Fiddler (Thunder Bay Bureau) Dennis Ward, Bruce Spence, (Winnipeg Newsroom); Larissa Burnouf (Saskatoon Bureau); Chris Stewart, Brandi Morin (Edmonton Bureau) Danielle Paradis (Alberta and British Columbia); Tina House, Mark Solnoky (Vancouver Bureau); Kent Driscoll, (Iqaluit Bureau); Cullen Crozier (Yellowknife Bureau); Shirley Maclean (Whitehorse Bureau).
Journalists and producers associated with APTN Investigates include Holly Moore, Melissa Ridgen (senior writer/researcher), Kathleen Martens (senior writer/researcher), Josh Grummett (video journalist), Cullen Crozier (video journalist), Rob Smith (video journalist), Paul Barnsley (executive producer). APTN Investigates has won 3 Amnesty International awards for human rights reporting, 2 Canadian Association of Journalists Awards, and in 2016 executive Producer Paul Barnsley was recognized by Journalists for Human rights with a lifetime achievement award for human rights reporting.
Journalists and producers associated with APTN InFocus include Cheryl McKenzie and Shirley Maclean.
Journalists and producers associated with Nation to Nation include Todd Lamirande and Jorge Barrera.
History
APTN National News first went to air on a daily basis on October 28, 2002 and hosted by Nola Wuttunee until 2006. Prior to the daily launch of APTN National News the newscast on APTN was called In-Vision News and was hosted by Carol Morin (2000-2001). In-Vision News debuted on April 16, 2000. Other previous hosts of APTN National News included Donna Smith (2006-2008), Holly Bernier (2008-2009), Todd Lamirande (2008-2010); Patrice Mousseau (2009-2010) and Dana Foster (2011).
APTN National News Contact was hosted by Rick Harp from 2000 to 2005, Madeleine Allakariallak 2005-2007 and Cheryl McKenzie 2007-2009.
Previous hosts, producers, reporters, video journalists and researchers with APTN National News, Contact/InFocus/Investigates have included:
Winnipeg Newsroom: Maryann Flett (2000); John Stevens (2000-2001); Don Langford (2000-2001); Carol Morin (2000-2001); Rick Ratte (2000-2002); Colleen Simard (2001-2002); Vera Houle (2001-2002); Greg Taylor (2000-2004); Rick Harp (2000-2005); Stephanie Wood (2000-2005); Rosanna Deerchild (2000-2006); Nola Wuttunee (2001–2006); Lorne Olsen (2006); Tim Fontaine (2002-2006); Shaneen Robinson (2005-2006); Madeleine Allakariallak (2005-2007); Donna Smith (2006-2008); Holly Bernier (2007–2009); Neil Coligan (2006-2009); Mark Halsall (2007-2009); Jillian Taylor (2007-2010); Darrell Doxtader (2009-2010); Patrice Mousseau (2009-2010); Priscilla Wolf (2007-2011); Dana Foster (2011); Tiar Wilson (2008-2012), Meagan Fiddler (2010-2012), Ntawnis Piapot (2012-2013),
Halifax Bureau: Maureen Googoo (2000-2007); Trina Roache (2001-2008; 2014-); Asna Adhami (2006-2007); Jodie Barnaby (2007–2010); James Hopkin (2008-2011); Taryn Della (2011-2012); Tim Fontaine (2012-2013).
Montreal Bureau: Emanuel Lowi (2003).
Ottawa Bureau: Karyn Pugliese (2000-2006);David Moses (2000-2001); Don Young (2000-2001); Ken Williams (2001-2004); Greg Taylor (2004-2008); Janet Leader (2007-2008).
Toronto Bureau: Ken Williams (2000-2001); Nicole Robertson (2001-2002); Donna Smith (2002-2012); Judi Halfe (2008); Harmony Rice (2008); Nina DeVries (2006-2010); Wayne Roberts (2009-2011); Candace Maracle (2011).
Saskatoon Bureau: Ken Williams (2004-2006); Cherish Francis (2006-2010); Priscilla Wolf (2011-2012).
Edmonton Bureau: Nicole Robertson (2001-2002); Judi Halfe (2006); Claudia Jones (2008); Sean Amato (2007-2009); William Belcourt (2009); Kelly Chalifaux (2009); Jeremy Lafond (2009).
Vancouver Bureau: Todd Lamirande (2000-2004); Shirley McLean (2005-2006); Sonya Rani Anatole (2006); Wayne Roberts (2006); Leena Minifie (2006–2007).
Iqaluit Bureau: Juanita Taylor (2007-2008); Wayne Rivers (2009-2012).
Yellowknife Bureau: Charles Laird (2000-2001); Roy Dahl (2003–2005); Charlene LaBillois (2006); Janet Leader (2006-2007); Dene-Za Antoine (2006-2008); Norm Byatt (2007-2009); Amos Scott (2006-2010); Curtis Mandeville (2011-2012).
Whitehorse Bureau: Roxanne Livingstone (2006-2009); Dez Loreen (2010); Shirley McLean (2010 - 2016)
Previous news directors have included Dan David (1999-2001); Jim Compton (2001-2002), Rita Deverell (2002-2005) and Vera Houle (2005-2011) Karyn Pugliese (2012- present).
References
External links
APTN National News
Aboriginal Peoples Television Network original programming
2002 Canadian television series debuts
2000s Canadian television news shows
2010s Canadian television news shows
2020s Canadian television news shows
Television shows filmed in Winnipeg |
4032772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema%20Central | Sistema Central | The Central System, Spanish and , is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in the Iberian Peninsula. The 2,592 m high Pico Almanzor is its highest summit.
The Central System is located just north of the 40th parallel and its ranges divide the drainage basin of the Tagus from the basin of the Douro.
Description
The Sistema Central is a primary feature of the Meseta Central, the inner Iberian plateau, splitting the meseta into two parts. The Sistema Central runs in an ENE - WSW direction roughly along the southern border of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León and Extremadura continuing into the Guarda and Castelo Branco districts in Portugal.
Unlike the neighboring Sistema Ibérico, the Sistema Central range is a quite homogeneous system. It consists of several ranges that formed 25 million years ago as part of the Alpine orogeny.
The major mountain ranges are the Sierra de Guadarrama, which runs approximately along the border of the Madrid and Castile and León autonomous communities, the Sierra de Gredos north of the border between Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha stretching into Extremadura and containing the range's highest mountain, Pico Almanzor, at 2,592 m, as well as the Serra da Estrela, containing the highest point in continental Portugal, A Torre, 1,993 m. Other notably large ranges are Sierra de Gata and Sierra de Ayllón. The Central System links with the Sistema Ibérico at its eastern end through the Sierra de Pela, the Altos de Barahona and Sierra Ministra, the latter already fully part of the Iberian System.
"Sistema Central" is a widely known academic geographical term. Local inhabitants, however, generally refer to the Sistema Central by the names of its smaller constituent ranges.
Mountain ranges
The main ranges of the Sistema Central from west to east followed by their highest points are:
Serra da Lousã, Trevim, 1,205 m.
Serra do Moradal
Serra da Estrela, Torre, 1,993 m.
Sierra de Gata, Jálama, 1,492 m.
Sierra de la Canchera, Pico Tiendas, 1,590 m
Sierra de Francia, Pico de la Hastiala, 1,735 m.
Sierra de Béjar, Canchal de la Ceja, 2,430 m.
Sierra de Gredos, Pico Almanzor, 2,592 m.
Sierra de la Horcajada, Risco de la Umbrela, 1,562 m.
Sierra de Villafranca, Cerro Moros, 2,059 m.
Sierra de Piedra Aguda, Piedra Aguda, 1,817 m.
La Serrota, Cerro del Santo, 2,294 m.
Sierra de Hoyocasero, Navasolana, 1,708 m.
Sierra de la Paramera, Pico Zapatero, 2,160 m.
Sierra de Ávila, Cerro de Gorría, 1,708 m.
Sierra de Ojos Albos, Cruz de Hierro, 1,657 m.
Sierra de Malagón, Cueva Valiente, 1,903 m.
Sierra de San Vicente, Cruces, 1,373 m.
Sierra de Guadarrama, Peñalara, 2,428 m.
La Mujer Muerta, La Pinareja, 2,197 m.
Siete Picos, Siete Picos, 2,138 m.
La Maliciosa, Maliciosa, 2,227 m.
Cuerda Larga, Cabeza de Hierro Mayor, 2,383 m.
Sierra de la Morcuera, La Najarra, 2,122 m.
Sierra de Canencia, Mondalindo, 1,831 m.
Sierra de la Cabrera, Cancho Largo, 1,564 m.
Sierra de Somosierra, Colgadizos, 1,834 m.
Sierra de Ayllón, Pico del Lobo, 2,274 m.
Sierra de la Puebla, La Tornera, 1,866 m.
Sierra del Ocejón, Ocejón, 2,049 m.
Sierra de Alto Rey, Alto Rey, 1,858 m.
Sierra de Pela, Sima de Somolinos, 1,548 m.
Main ranges and features
See also
Geography of Spain, section "The Inner Plateau and associated mountains"
Sierra de Guadarrama
Las Hurdes
List of mountain ranges in the world named The Sleeping Lady
Topographical relief of Spain
References
Wes Gibbons & Teresa Moreno, The geology of Spain. Geological Society of London, 2003
External links
Physical geography and geology of Spain
Virtual Cadastral
Sistema Central in Montipedia
Ascensión al Mondalindo
Subida al Ocejón
Ascensión a la Sierra de la Puebla
Al cobijo de los Altos de Barahona
Central
Central
Central |
4032779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio%20Ginestal%20Machado | António Ginestal Machado | António Ginestal Machado (3 May 1873 – 28 June 1940; ) was a Portuguese politician. He was born in Almeida, graduated in Law at the University of Coimbra and became a high-school teacher. A member of the moderate Republican Union, he was one of the promoters of its fusion with the Evolutionist Party which originated the Republican Liberal Party. He was President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), from 15 November to 14 December 1923, in a minority government. He resigned due to the opposition of President Manuel Teixeira Gomes of dissolving the parliament, after an insurrection attempt. He died in Santarém.
References
1873 births
1940 deaths
People from Guarda District
Prime Ministers of Portugal
University of Coimbra alumni |
4032781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27%20al-Din%20Naqshband | Baha' al-Din Naqshband | Baha' al-Din Naqshband (; 1318–1389) was the eponymous founder of what would become one of the largest Sufi Sunni orders, the Naqshbandi.
Background
Baha al-Din was born in March 1318 in the village of Qasr-i Hinduvan, which was one farsakh from the city of Bukhara. Like the majority of the sedentary population of the region, Baha al-Din was a Tajik, i.e. a speaker of Persian and a participant in its culture. According to H. Algar / Encyclopædia Iranica, the texts that claim Baha al-Din was descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Ja'far al-Sadiq (died 765), should be "treated with reserve". Early texts do not mention Baha al-Din's supposed ancestry to Muhammad, but they do imply that his teacher Amir Kulal (died 1370) was a descendant of Muhammad through Ja'far al-Sadiq, which may suggest that their genealogies were later mixed up.
Life
Three days after his birth, Baha al-Din was adopted as a spiritual son by Baba Mohammad Sammasi, a master of the Khwajagan, a Sufi order founded by Yusuf Hamadani (died 1140). It was Baha al-Din's paternal grandfather who brought him to Sammasi, as he was a murid (novice) of the latter. Sammasi later entrusted Baha al-Din's training to his distinguished student Amir Kulal.
Early texts do not mention how Baha al-Din gained the nickname "Naqshband", nor its meaning. An agreement was later partly reached that it referred to the naqsh (imprint) of the name of Allah that is firm in the heart through constant and continuous prayer. In Bukhara, Baha al-Din more practically became its patron saint and was commonly referred to as "Khwaja Bala-gardan" by its inhabitants. Amongst the members of the present-day Naqshbandi order, particularly in Turkey, Baha al-Din is known as "Shah-e Naqshband."
Some historians agree that the original Naqshbandi had a particularly Iranian or Khurasanian attitude, which according to H. Algar / Encyclopædia Iranica is supported by the fact that Baha al-Din was surrounded by a company of urban dwellers that mostly spoke Tajik. However, the Naqshbandi had also been influenced by Turkic Sufi order, the Yasawiyya, and thus had a Turkic component as well. Three generations after Baha al-Din's death, the Naqshbandi started receiving support among the Turkic inhabitants of Central Asia, thus displaying an all-inclusive appeal.
Baha al-Din died on 2 March 1389 in Qasr-i Hinduvan, which was then renamed Qasr-i Arifan out of respect to him.
References
Sources
Further reading
1318 births
1389 deaths
Naqshbandi order
Sufi religious leaders
Sufis
Founders of Sufi orders
Sufi saints
Mystics from Iran |
4032789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan%20Research%20Council | Saskatchewan Research Council | The Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) is a provincial treasury board crown corporation engaged in research and technology development on behalf of the provincial government and private industry. It focuses on applied research and development projects that generate profit. Some of its funding comes from government grants, but it generates the balance from selling products and services. With nearly 300 employees and $137 million in annual revenues, SRC is the second largest research and technology organization in Canada.
History
The Province of Saskatchewan established SRC in 1947. SRC carried out its work through grants-in-aid to specific applied research activities at the University of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Research Council's first Director of Research was Thorbergur Thorvaldson, head of the university's chemistry department.
In 1954, SRC expanded its mandate to incorporate independent research. Under Warren's direction, SRC opened its own laboratories in 1958 and then expanded in 1963.
In 1986 the research and development branch of SaskOil was transferred to SRC.
Research
SRC's research history includes developing a residential energy conservation research report that was used in the National Building Code of Canada. SRC also mapped the groundwater resources in Saskatchewan south of the Precambrian Shield. Its scientists evaluated Saskatchewan's extensive lignite (coal) resources. SRC's GenServe Laboratories were involved in testing for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow disease). SRC is also known for building the Factor 9 home, which uses 90 per cent less energy and 50 per cent less water than a similar home built during the 1970s. In the past they housed a SLOWPOKE-II nuclear research reactor (that had 16 kW thermal power) that performed analytical tests. SRC's SLOWPOKE-2 reactor operated from 1981 until being shut down in December 2017. Decommissioning was expected to be completed sometime in 2020. In the early 2000s, SRC developed a suite of dual-fuel hydrogen vehicles that led to the launch of Saskatchewan’s first hydrogen fuelling station in 2010
Current research is conducted in a range of laboratories and test facilities. SRC's Environmental Analytical Laboratories provide environmental monitoring and other tests to clients. Its Geoanalytical Laboratory provides geochemical analyses for the mineral exploration industry. Other labs include
Petroleum Analytical Laboratories,
a Biofuels Test Centre,
a Pipe Flow Technology Centre, and
a diamond testing facility.
SRC is contracted by the Government of Saskatchewan to manage the thirty-seven abandoned mines and mill sites near Lake Athabasca through Project CLEANS.
In 2017, SRC launched the Centre for the Demonstration of Emissions Reduction (CeDER), a test and verification facility to help industry manage and reduce its GHG emissions.
In 2020, SRC was awarded $31 million dollars in funding for a first-of-its-kind Rare Earth Processing Facility in Saskatchewan.
See also
Innovation Place Research Park
University of Saskatchewan Academics
Notes
External links
Saskatchewan Research Council
Project CLEANS
Technology companies of Canada
Crown corporations of Saskatchewan
Research institutes in Canada
Companies based in Regina, Saskatchewan
Companies based in Saskatoon
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan |
4032790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Adolf%20Pr%C3%BCtzmann | Hans-Adolf Prützmann | Hans-Adolf Prützmann (31 August 1901 – 16 May 1945) was among the highest-ranking German SS officials during the Nazi era. From June 1941 to September 1944, he served as a Higher SS and Police Leader in the occupied Soviet Union, and from November 1943 was the Supreme SS and Police Leader in Ukraine. He oversaw the activities of the Einsatzgruppen detachments that perpetrated the Holocaust in the Baltic States and Ukraine. After being captured at the end of the Second World War, he committed suicide.
Early life
Prützmann was born in the East Prussian town of Tolkemit, the son of a businessman. After completing his secondary education at the gymnasium, Prützmann became a member of the Freikorps "Aulock" between 1918 and 1921, seeing active service in the Upper Silesian uprisings in the summer of 1921. Afterwards, he studied agriculture at the University of Göttingen from 1921 to 1923 and then worked for seven years as an agricultural official in the Prussian provinces of Pomerania, Brandenburg, and East Prussia.
Peacetime SS career
Prützmann joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1929 (membership number 142,290) and was a holder of the Golden Party Badge. He entered the SA shortly afterward, but he left the SA and transferred to the SS in Bochum on 12 August 1930 (SS number 3,002).
By August 1931 he was promoted to SS-Standartenführer and became the first commander (führer) of the 19th SS-Standarte "Westfalen-Nord," based in Gelsenkirchen. At this point in time, Prützmann's career began a steep rise. In April 1932, he was elected to the Landtag of Prussia. In July of that year he was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 17, Westphalia-North. He would continue to serve in the Reichstag until the end of the Nazi regime, and he would successively represent East Prussia, Württemburg and Hamburg, as his SS postings changed.
In September 1932, Prützmann transferred from Westphalia to take command of the 18th SS-Standarte "Ostpreussen", based in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad). This was followed by a stint as commander of SS-Abschnitt (District) X based in Stuttgart from July to November 1933. He was promoted to SS-Brigadeführer in November 1933, and appointed the first commander of the newly-formed SS-Oberabschnitt (Main District) "Südwest," also based in Stuttgart. In February 1934, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Gruppenführer.
From 1 March 1937 through 30 April 1941, Prützmann led SS-Oberabschnitt "Nordwest" (renamed "Nordsee" 20 April 1940) whose headquarters were in Hamburg. In June 1937, he joined the State government as a Staatsrat (State Councillor) and member of the Hamburg Senate. At the end of March 1938, he was named chief of police administration for Hamburg, Germany's second largest city. When the post of Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer (HSSPF), (Higher SS and Police Leader) "Nordwest" was created on 28 June 1938 (renamed "Nordsee" 20 April 1940), Prutzmann became the first holder of this position. As HSSPF, he reported directly to Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. From Hamburg, Prützmann was transferred on 30 April 1941 to become the HSSPF "Nordost" and commander of the Oberabschnitt "Nordost," in Königsberg.
World War II
By April 1941, Prützmann had been appointed Generalleutnant (Lieutenant General) of Police. Immediately after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he took up the position of HSSPF "Ostland und Rußland-Nord" (Baltics and Northern Russia) in Riga on 29 June 1941. In this position, he was responsible for internal security and combating partisans in the Army Group North Rear Area encompassing the Baltic States and western Belorussia. He commanded all SS, SD (Security Service) and Order Police in the region, including Police Regiment North. He retained this position until November 1941 and then was transferred to become HSSPF "Rußland-Süd" (Southern Russia), headquartered in Kiev. At that time he was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer and General of Police.
In early 1942, Prützmann was put in charge of securing forced labor for the Durchgangsstrasse IV, a large project to built a road from Lemberg (now Lviv) to Stalino (now Donetsk). Workers came from Soviet prisoners of war and Jewish concentration camp inmates. Thousands perished from the harsh conditions and from liquidation of the labor camps when the project was completed.
On August 1942, Himmler made Prützmann responsible for all anti-partisan activities in Ukraine. During the first half of 1943, Prützmann conducted numerous anti-partisan operations, each one resulting in the deaths or capture of many thousands.
The next major advancement in Prützmann's career came on 29 October 1943 when he was named to the new post of Höchster SS- und Polizeiführer (HöSSPF), (Supreme SS and Police Leader) "Ukraine," one of only two officers to attain this designation, the other being SS-Obergruppenführer Karl Wolff in Italy. In this post, Prützmann oversaw his own HSSPF "Rußland-Süd" as well as HSSPF "Schwarzes Meer" (Black Sea). His vast jurisdiction encompassed some sixteen subordinate SS- und Polizeiführer (SSPF) commands, and controlled the largest contingent of Order Police battalions and Schutzmannschaft (Auxiliary Police) battalions in any of the occupied territories.
Role in the Holocaust in the Baltics
From June to November 1941, Prützmann held the post of HSSPF in the Baltic States under Hinrich Lohse, who was in charge of the Reichskommissariat Ostland. The killing of Jews and other persons began almost immediately, and at first they were primarily conducted by a specialized mobile killing group (Einsatzgruppe A). In late July 1941, Einsatzgruppe A moved out of the Baltics as it followed the German Army Group North further east into the Soviet Union, and primary responsibility for organizing the murder of Jews then moved to the Riga office of the SD. As HSSPF, Prützmann was in charge of the SD, and the person responsible for locally implementing the Final Solution.
After the departure of Einsatzgruppe A, a dispute arose among the Nazi rulers about their so-called "Jewish problem." One group, consisting mainly of civilian Nazi Party administrators headed by Lohse, and backed by Alfred Rosenberg, the Reichsminister for the Occupied Eastern Territories, wanted to confine the Jews to ghettos, confiscate all their property and work them as slave laborers in support of Germany's war effort. Reichsführer-SS Himmler, the overall head of the SS and SD, and Prützmann's direct superior, wanted the Jews exterminated as quickly as possible. Up until November, 1941, the Lohse/Rosenberg faction had prevailed. Although about 30,000 of Latvia's approximately 70,000 Jews and 80,000 of Lithuania's 210,000 had been killed by then, Himmler was unhappy with the pace. He replaced Prützmann in mid-November 1941 with Friedrich Jeckeln, who in Ukraine had developed his own "Jeckeln system" of killing 10,000 or more people in a single day. Prützmann was assigned to Ukraine in Jeckeln's place. By the time Jeckeln took over as HSSPF, massive numbers of Jews had already been killed under Prützmann's administration, including those in the early Liepāja massacres. Also, Prützmann was responsible for rounding up additional masses of Jews and confining them together into ghettos, which allowed them to be more readily killed later by Jeckeln and others.
Role in the Holocaust in Ukraine
When Prützmann arrived in Ukraine in November 1941, mass murders of Jews and other Ukrainians had already been underway since shortly after the German invasion in June. In fact, some of the most notorious mass executions such as those at Babi Yar (29-30 September) and Nikolaev (16-30 September) had already taken place under the direction of Prützmann's predecessor, Jeckeln. There were two Einszatsgruppen (designated C and D) operating in Ukraine and they continued their gruesome work throughout Prützmann's tenure. Shortly after his arrival, the massacre at Drobytsky Yar on 15 December took place in which over 16,000 were murdered. In Dnepropetrovsk in February 1942, Einsatzgruppe D reduced the city's Jewish population from 30,000 to 702 over the course of four days. In the Lutsk Ghetto on 19–23 August 1942 another 14,700 victims were murdered. At Volodymyr-Volynskyi on 1-3 September an estimated 13,500 were shot.
Ongoing executions continued to take place throughout the remainder of the Nazi occupation under Prützmann's administration. Though most mass killings were committed by the Einsatzgruppen, as HSSPF, Prützmann commanded the SS, SD, Order Police and Auxiliary Police battalions that also took part in the suppression, persecution and murder of Jews and other Ukrainians, as the following illustrates:
Throughout 1942, Prützmann was heavily implicated in the actions against the Jews and the partisans of the Ukraine ... and Prützmann showed himself to be a willing participant by his ruthless methods ... On 27 October 1942, Himmler directed Prützmann to clear the ghetto at Pinsk, with the intention of making the Ukraine Judenfrei, and by 26 December 1942, Prützmann was able to report to Himmler that 363,21 Jews had been liquidated.
Last assignments, capture and suicide
In January 1944, Prützmann was placed in command of his own Kampfgruppe (Battle Group) "Prützmann" under the command of Army Group South and was awarded with the German Cross in Gold for his actions. As Red Army advances on the eastern front pushed the German forces out of Ukraine, he moved back to Königsburg where he was still the titular HSSPF, though others had acted on his behalf during his long assignment in the Soviet Union. In June 1944, he was made Himmler's liaison officer to OKW (Armed Forces High Command) and, on 1 July 1944, he was made a General of the Waffen-SS.
One of his last major assignments came in September 1944 when Prützmann was appointed by Himmler as Generalinspekteur für Spezialabwehr (Inspector General for Special Defense) and assigned the task of setting up Operation Werwolf headquarters in Berlin, and organizing and instructing this force for operations behind the enemy lines. Prützmann had studied the guerrilla tactics used by Russian partisans while stationed in Ukraine and the idea was to teach these tactics to the members of Operation Werwolf. As originally conceived, the Werwolf units were intended to be legitimate uniformed military formations trained to engage in clandestine operations behind enemy lines in the same manner as Allied Special Forces such as commandos.
On 21 November 1944, Prützmann was named the General Plenipotentiary to the Nazi puppet state established in Croatia. In early 1945, under orders from Himmler, Prützmann directed the assassination by Werwolf operatives of the Allied-appointed mayor of Aachen, Franz Oppenhoff. After Adolf Hitler's suicide, Prützmann briefly acted as Himmler's representative to the Flensburg government of Großadmiral Karl Donitz, until Dönitz made it clear that he had no interest in Himmler's involvement in the administration. Shortly after the war ended, Prützmann was captured in Lüneburg by elements of the British 2nd Army on 15 May 1945. The next day, while being transported to the interrogation center in Diest, he committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule he had hidden in a cigarette lighter. Some sources incorrectly give 21 May as his date of death, but 16 May is documented by the contemporaneous diary entry of British Major Norman Whittaker who was present at Lüneburg.
Awards and decorations
Golden Party Badge
German Cross in Gold
Iron Cross (1939), 1st and 2nd class
War Merit Cross, 1st and 2nd class with Swords
In fiction
In the 1972 Frederick Forsyth novel The Odessa File the head of ODESSA is given as SS General Richard Glücks who is determined to destroy the State of Israel nearly two decades after the end of World War II, while the head of ODESSA in Germany is a former SS Officer called the "Werwolf" who is implied to be Prützmann. (If the real Glücks had still been alive he would have been 74 years old and Prützmann would have been 62 in 1963).
See also
Holocaust in Estonia
Holocaust in Latvia
Holocaust in Lithuania
Holocaust in Ukraine
References
Sources
Ezergailis, Andrew, The Holocaust in Latvia 1941–1944The Missing Center, Historical Institute of Latvia (in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) Riga 1996
Reitlinger, Gerald, The SS: Alibi of a Nation 1922–1945. Viking (Da Capo reprint), New York 1957
External links
Holocaust in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1901 births
1945 suicides
German police chiefs
Holocaust perpetrators in Estonia
Holocaust perpetrators in Latvia
Holocaust perpetrators in Lithuania
Holocaust perpetrators in Russia
Holocaust perpetrators in Ukraine
Members of the Landtag of Prussia
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Nazi Party politicians
Nazis who committed suicide in Germany
Nazis who committed suicide in prison custody
People from East Prussia
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 2nd class
Recipients of the War Merit Cross
Reichskommissariat Ukraine
Riga Ghetto
SS and Police Leaders
SS-Obergruppenführer
Sturmabteilung personnel
Suicides by cyanide poisoning
20th-century Freikorps personnel
University of Göttingen alumni
Waffen-SS personnel |
4032791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Rhys%2C%208th%20Baron%20Dynevor | Charles Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor | Charles Arthur Uryan Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor CBE (21 September 1899 – 15 December 1962), was a British peer and politician. He was the son of Walter FitzUryan Rice, 7th Baron Dynevor.
Rhys was educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards. In 1919 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of Russia. He resigned his commission as a Lieutenant in 1920. He was appointed deputy lieutenant for Carmarthenshire in 1925 and a justice of the peace in 1931.
Rhys served as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Romford from 1923 until 1929, when defeated by Labour's H.T. Muggeridge. He returned to the House of Commons two years later, when he was elected at an unopposed by-election in 1931 as MP for Guildford, holding the seat until he stood down at the 1935 United Kingdom general election. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Stanley Baldwin from 1927 to 1929.
On 29 September 1934 he married Hope Mary Woodbine who had formerly been the wife of Captain Arthur Granville Soames, OBE, of the Coldstream Guards.
Rhys served as Deputy Chairman of the Sun Insurance Company and as Chairman of the Cities of London and Westminster Conservative Association from 1948 until 1960. He was also the Governor of the National Museum of Wales.
From 1950 until 1962 Rhys was President of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, (now called Cardiff University).
When he died at the age of 63, death duties previously incurred by the 7th Baron had not been paid, placing an intolerable financial burden on the next in line of descent, his son Richard Charles Uryan Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor.
References
External links
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1931–1935
Dynevor, B8
Grenadier Guards officers
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
08
People associated with Cardiff University
People educated at Eton College
1899 births
1962 deaths
Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
Politics of Guildford
Politics of the London Borough of Havering
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Deputy Lieutenants of Carmarthenshire
Dynevor, Charles Rhys, 8th Baron
Charles
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Guildford |
4032798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKPT%20%28AM%29 | WKPT (AM) | WKPT (1400 AM) is a North American radio station, located in Kingsport, Tennessee. It operates with a daytime/nighttime power of 1,000 watts. WKPT is one of the oldest radio stations in East Tennessee, first taking the airwaves in 1940.
Programming
WKPT (AM) broadcasts an all-sports format featuring programming from ESPN Radio.
Local programming features "Sports Magazine," hosted by sports director Scott Gray, on Monday evenings. "Sports Magazine" has been a fixture on the station for more than two decades.
WKPT (AM) has long been the home of Dobyns-Bennett (Kingsport) High School sports, heard on the flagship frequency of 1400 kHz and its translator at 94.3 FM.
In the late 1980s, coverage of Science Hill (Johnson City) High School was added on 1590 kHz (the former WJSO, which broadcasts from nearby Jonesborough TN) and its translator at 97.7 FM. These broadcasts, featuring Tim Cable on play-by-play and Scott Gray on color analysis, have won state awards from the Associated Press.
And in the early 1990s, Bristol coverage of Tennessee High School Sports was added on WOPI which has broadcast since 1929 (it was the Tri-Cities' first broadcast station) and is at 1490 kHz. WOPI employs a Bristol translator at 97.9 FM.
WKPT has, for decades, featured live play-by-play sports of the University Of Tennessee/Knoxville (the "Vols" or "Big Orange") from the Vol Radio Network. This included the 1999 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl in which the Vols defeated the Florida State Seminoles 23-16 for the first BCS national championship. That game was the final football broadcast for 30-year announce team John Ward and Bill Anderson (Ward would announce the 1998-99 Vol men's basketball season before retiring; he did the basketball games solo).
Sister stations
WKPT, WOPI-1490 Bristol, and WKTP-1590 Jonesborough/Johnson City are owned by Holston Valley Broadcasting Corporation, a subsidiary of Glenwood Communications Corporation. Each carries a substantial amount of the same programming each week but breaks away for local sports, specialized programming, and other community events.
Translators
Holston Valley Broadcasting also operates television stations WKPT-TV 19 (Cozi TV) and WAPK-CD 36 (MeTV). Other radio stations in the chain include WTFM-FM, WMEV-FM, WVEK-FM and WRZK-FM (95.9 The Hog).
The station was assigned the WKPT call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.
History
From its initial sign-on, in 1940, WKPT (AM) broadcast a full-service format of music, news, and play-by-play sports. WKPT promoted itself as "The Nation's Model Station" and was an NBC Radio Network affiliate.
WKPT's studios were destroyed by fire in September 1946. New, expanded studios were formally opened in April 1948.
Notable on-air personalities (a * indicates the personality is deceased) were:
Paul Overbay (early Program Director and announcer, dating back to virtually the station's 1940 beginnings);
Charlie Deming (read on about "The Gloom Chaser");
Martin Karant (perhaps the most notable voice and the personality with whom the station was most closely identified);
Bill Freehoff (who became notable for his editorials and their simple close of "Think about it!");
Bill Trailer;
George DeVault (who started as a student announcer at age 14, and has served as President and CEO of Holston Valley Broadcasting Corporation for nearly four decades);
George Sells (who later worked TV news in Detroit and other markets under his real name, and for ABC Radio News as "George Caldwell"); and
John Palmer (who later worked for NBC-TV on The Today Show and for PBS).
Later personalities included:
Bob Morris (went on to jobs at several notable Top-40 stations);
Bob Lawrence (still employed in the market as a systems specialist or "IT guy");
Carl Swann (served in many capacities for WKPT, later became half of WTFM's first "male/female" morning show, "Carl & Jody," and is now half of a talk morning show across the market);
Ted Tate (who went on to work for the Voice Of America in Washington DC);
Doug Newton (took over mornings for a time after Charlie Deming's retirement, and was an identifiable play-by-play voice for many years);
Gordon Light (who went on to jobs at high-profile 50,000-watt stations including WLAC/Nashville and "The Big One" WLW/Cincinnati);
Mike Padgett (started radio at 15, came to WKPT at 16, became the station's "voice of the new young generation," and was associated with the station for over 30 years); and
Elva Marie (who still works for sister station WTFM in the midday slot).
In the latter 1970s the station leaned more in a Top-40 direction and switched network affiliations to ABC, which meant Paul Harvey began to be heard on WKPT.
In January 1986, when 100,000-watt sister station WTFM switched to adult contemporary music, WKPT took over WTFM's former beautiful music format.
Later, in 1993, the station switched to adult standards from ABC Radio Networks.
WKPT has a colorful programming past, as it broadcast full-service programming for more than 70 years prior to the beginnings of sports-talk. The music featured during the full-service years included big-band, swing, standards, adult contemporary, Top-40, instrumental beautiful music, and finally oldies.
The early-morning show on WKPT was a unique experience for the station's first three decades, as it was hosted by Charles Preston "Charlie" Deming. The story that has been handed down through the years has it that the then-manager of the station was in Asheville, North Carolina in the early 1940s, heard Deming's rich baritone voice calling out bus arrivals, and arranged on the spot to move Deming to Kingsport and hire him. For about 30 years, multiple generations of Kingsporters awoke to "The Gloom Chaser," which was used interchangeably to refer to Deming and to his show. One of his trademarks was to ask his listeners to "join him for a little coffee" and then audibly slurp from his mug. Deming's last day on the station was in late 1973, by which time he had cut back to Saturdays only. Charlie Deming died in 1974 in a significant "end-of-an-era" moment for WKPT.
Since other local AM stations signed off at sunset for many years, WKPT would appeal to younger listeners beginning in the early evening. Some of the popular shows in this vein were "Rock-O-Rama" and "The Midnight Sun" (which featured Top-40 music and were hosted by Bob Morris, Bob Lawrence and others), and "A New Day" (which offered more progressive programming and was hosted by Ted Tate, Mike Padgett and others).
Mike Padgett was a very exciting personality, joined the station in 1974 while still in high school, was one of the first staffers to enthusiastically bring a new and youthful energy to WKPT, and became the popular de facto "voice of the new young generation" for the station. Mike died in October 2017 at 59.
WKPT has long been famous for beginning programming which goes on to enjoy long runs. One such program was the mid-morning offering "Housewife Serenade" hosted by longtime personality Martin Karant. It was on the air for three decades and was broadcast live, daily, from the now-defunct Oakwood Supermarket on Eastman Road.
After Karant left the station in the early 1970s (he would return a decade later), "Housewife Serenade" was hosted to its conclusion by Doug Newton. (Newton, in addition to serving as an on-air personality, was a pivotal part of WKPT's live play-by-play sports until the 1980s.)
In 1985, an attempt was made to re-create the "live-midmorning-show-from-a-grocery-store" concept as WKPT began "AM Kingsport" from Food City on Eastman Road, coincidentally only hundreds of feet from where Oakwood (host site of "Housewife Serenade") had been. "AM Kingsport" was initially hosted by Ohio native Judy Harrison for its first years. It was then taken over by native East Tennessean Janet Johnson, who served for more than two decades. The show was renamed "AM Tri-Cities" in the late 1980s to reflect the fact that WKPT had begun simulcasting its signal to Johnson City TN (Bristol TN/VA was added in the early 1990s). The show saw only its third host when Johnson retired and former City-Of-Kingsport Transportation Director Dave Light took over. When the station changed formats to sports talk, more than 25 years after "AM Kingsport" had begun, the show (by this time originating from a new Food City in virtually the same location) was re-christened "The Dave Light Show."
Another longtime fixture on the station during its full-service years was the "Five-O'Clock Shadow Show," a program designed to ease the post-WWII working listener home from work during the 5-pm hour. "The Shadow Show," as it came to be affectionately known by the station and by listeners as well, was begun and hosted by Martin Karant, who would frequently sit his young son Kenneth on his lap, and they would read the newspaper comics on-air together.
The elder Karant notably sang both the show's opening theme, which was his lyrics to "Five O'Clock Whistle", and the closing theme, which was the standard tune, "Me And My Shadow."
The "Five O'Clock Shadow Show" was taken over, upon Karant's early-1970s departure from the station, by afternoon host Bob Lawrence, who would host the show for its remaining years until the late 1970s.
A short-lived, though popular, show in the 1980s was "Live At Ciatti's" from Ciatti's Italian Ristorante' on North Eastman Road. The show was hosted by Martin Karant (who had returned to company employment in 1982) and featured live music and singing by Johnson City musician Glen Shell. Karant and Shell would take requests from patrons in the restaurant and by phone from listeners. The show lasted about three years; the restaurant has since closed.
Martin Karant had a storied career with the WKPT stations (AM, FM beginning in 1948, and TV beginning in 1969). He was hired in 1942 at about age 24, served in virtually every management position the station had, and left in the early 1970s for a national position in Chicago with Elks International. (He had turned down an offer from NBC, preferring instead to work for WKPT.) He returned to the stations in 1982 to host the morning show on sister station WTFM, moved back to WKPT in 1986 when the stations swapped formats, and remained with the station until his retirement in 1998 at the age of 80. Martin Karant died in 2003, having turned 86, and was considered the last link to the station's storied early history.
WKPT also aired noted syndicated programming during its full-service years. Among these were "American Top 40" hosted by Casey Kasem, "Dick Clark's Rock, Roll & Remember" hosted by Dick Clark, and "Al Mitchell's Rare & Scratchy Rock & Roll" hosted by Allen "Al" Mitchell (whose radio resume included a stint as Program Director of legendary powerhouse Top-40 station WOWO (AM) in Fort Wayne, Indiana). These shows aired primarily in the late 70s and early-to-mid 80s.
References
External links
Holston Valley Broadcasting Corporation
KPT
Sports radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1940
1940 establishments in Tennessee
Sullivan County, Tennessee |
4032799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill%20Eisenhart | Churchill Eisenhart | Churchill Eisenhart (1913–1994) was a United States mathematician. He was Chief of the Statistical Engineering Laboratory (SEL), Applied Mathematics Division of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
Biography
Eisenhart was the son of Luther Eisenhart, a prominent mathematician in his own right.
Churchill Eisenhart was brought to the NBS from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1946 by Edward Condon, Director of the NBS, to establish a statistical consulting group to "substitute sound mathematical analysis for costly experimentation." He was allowed to recruit his own staff and, over the years, he brought many notable and accomplished statisticians to SEL. He served as its Chief from 1947 until his appointment as Senior Research Fellow in 1963. He retired in 1983 after which he formed the Standards Alumni Association, which he headed until his death in 1994.
Over his career, Eisenhart was awarded the U.S. Department of Commerce Exceptional Service Award in 1957; the Rockefeller Public Service Award in 1958; and the Wildhack Award of the National Conference of Standards Laboratories in 1982. He was elected President of the American Statistical Association (ASA) in 1971 and received the Association's Wilks Memorial Medal in 1977. Eisenhart was honored with an Outstanding Achievements Award of the Princeton University Class of 1934 and with Fellowships in the ASA, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He was a long-time member of the Cosmos Club.
References
Ingram Olkin (1992) A Conversation with Churchill Eisenhart. Statistical Science, 7, 512–530.
Joseph M. Cameron; Joan R. Rosenblatt (1995) Churchill Eisenhart, 1913–1994, The American Statistician, 49, 243–244.
Samuel S. Wilks Award Citation for 1977
An interview with Joseph Daly and Churchill Eisenhart about their experiences at Princeton 10 July 1984
An interview with Churchill Eisenhart about his experience at Princeton 10 July 1984
There is a photograph at
Churchill Eisenhart on the page Portraits of Statisticians
1913 births
1994 deaths
American statisticians
20th-century American mathematicians
Princeton University alumni
Presidents of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
University of Wisconsin people |
4032802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy%20of%20Comic%20Book%20Arts | Academy of Comic Book Arts | The Academy of Comic Book Arts (ACBA) was an American professional organization of the 1970s that was designed to be the comic book industry analog of such groups as the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Composed of comic-book professionals and initially formed as an honorary society focused on discussing the comic-book craft and hosting an annual awards banquet, the ACBA evolved into an advocacy organization focused on creators' rights.
The ACBA award, the Shazam, was a statuette in the shape of a lightning bolt. In addition to the creative awards, the ACBA also established the Academy of Comic Book Arts Hall of Fame award, inducting Superman creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster as its initial honorees.
History
Founded in 1970, the ACBA's first president was Stan Lee; its first vice-president was Dick Giordano. (Presidents initially served one-year terms.) The ACBA met monthly at the Manhattan headquarters of the Society of Illustrators.
The Academy's Shazam Award was a successor to the 1960s Alley Award; the ACBA held its first annual awards banquet at the Statler Hilton Hotel's Terrace Ballroom on May 12, 1971.
Aside from its Shazam Awards, the ACBA also published an annual fundraiser sketchbook. Contributing to the 36-page ACBA Sketchbook 1973 were Neal Adams, Sergio Aragones, Frank Brunner, Howard Chaykin, Dave Cockrum, Reed Crandall, Frank Frazetta, Michael Kaluta, Gil Kane, Gray Morrow, John Romita Sr., Mike Royer, Syd Shores, Jim Starlin, Jim Steranko, Herb Trimpe, and Wally Wood. The 48-page ACBA Sketchbook 1975 included Adams, Aragones, Chaykin, Kaluta, Kane, Romita Sr., Steranko, Wood, and John Byrne, Russ Heath, Jeff Jones, Harvey Kurtzman, Walt Simonson, Michael Whelan, and Berni Wrightson. Wood also contributed to the 1976 and 1977 sketchbooks.
Under its later president, artist Neal Adams, the ACBA became an advocacy organization for creators' rights. The comic-book industry at that time typically did not return artists' physical artwork after shooting the requisite film for printing, and in some cases destroyed the artwork to prevent unauthorized reprints. The industry also did not then offer royalties or residuals, common in such creative fields as book publishing, film and television, and the recording industry.
Historian Jon B. Cooke writes:
Adams wanted to focus on creator rights and pay rates, essentially making the ACBA a labor union. In a 1998 interview, Lee said, "ACBA became divided into two camps, it seemed. I wasn't interested in starting a union, so I walked away from it."
During 1970-1974, the ACBA Newsletter, varying in page count from 4-12 pages, was published by ACBA themselves on a roughly bi-monthly basis, subscriptions available to any interested party. The last known [from this writer] issue was #29, 1974.
Once the ACBA — riding a wave begun by the mid-'70s independent startup Atlas/Seaboard Comics, which instituted royalties and the return of artwork in order to attract creators — helped see those immediate goals achieved, it then gradually disbanded.
As writer Steven Grant notes, by 1977 the ACBA had "... disintegrated into what became Adams' "First Friday" professional get-togethers at his studio or apartment."
Irene Vartanoff was the final ACBA treasurer. In early 2005, approximately $3,000 in sketchbook sales plus general contributions to the ACBA and accumulated interest was donated from the ACBA's Bill Everett Fund — created in 1975 to help comics professionals in financial need — to The Hero Initiative (formerly known as A Commitment to Our Roots, or ACTOR), a federally chartered, not-for-profit corporation likewise dedicated.
Legacy
The ACBA was the first in a string of largely unsuccessful comics-industry organizations that includes the Comic Book Creators Guild (1978–1979), the Comic Book Professionals Association (CBPA, 1992–1994), and Comic Artists, Retailers and Publishers (CARP, 1998). The long-running exception had been the publishers' group the Comics Magazine Association of America (CMAA), founded in 1954 and lasting through 2011, as a response to public pressure and a Senate subcommittee on juvenile delinquency, and which created the self-censorship board the Comics Code Authority.
Grant summed up the ABCA's legacy this way:
Shazam Awards
The Shazam Awards were a series of awards given between 1970 and 1975 for outstanding achievement in the comic book field. Awards were given in the year following publication of the material (at a dinner ceremony modeled on the National Cartoonist Society's Reuben Award dinners). The Shazam Awards were based on nominations and were the first comics awards voted upon by industry professionals. The name of the award is that of the magic word used by the original Captain Marvel, a popular superhero of the 1940s and early 1950s.
Marvel's comic-book Secret Wars II #1 (1985) features a fictional scriptwriter, Stewart Cadwall (based on real-life writer Steve Gerber) who has a Shazam Award on his table. When Cadwall becomes a superhuman, his Shazam Award turns into a weapon. Cadwall and his Shazam Award re-appeared in Iron Man #197 (1985).
1970
Winners. Presented May 12, 1971.
Best Letterer: Sam Rosen (Marvel Comics)
Best Colorist: Jack Adler (DC Comics)
Best Story: "No Evil Shall Escape My Sight" by Dennis O'Neil & Neal Adams, Green Lantern/Green Arrow #76 (DC Comics)
Outstanding Achievement by an Individual: Jim Steranko (for book The Steranko History of Comics)
Best Foreign Title: Legionarios del Espacio (writer-artist Esteban Maroto, Spain)
Best New Talent: Barry Smith (Marvel Comics)
Best Humor Inker: Henry Scarpelli (DC Comics)
Best Humor Penciller: Bob Oksner (DC Comics)
Best Humor Writer: Carl Barks, Junior Woodchucks (Gold Key Comics)
Best Continuing Feature: Green Lantern/Green Arrow (DC Comics)
Special Recognition outside the Field: Nostalgia Press (for comic strip reprints)
Best Drama Inker: Dick Giordano
Best Drama Penciller: Neal Adams
Best Drama Writer: Dennis O'Neil
Hall of Fame: Jerry Siegel & Joe Shuster
Special Plaque: Stan Lee ("for forming ACBA")
1971
Winners. Presented 1972.
Best Continuing Feature: Conan the Barbarian (Marvel)
Best Individual Story: "Snowbirds Don't Fly" by Dennis O'Neil & Neal Adams, Green Lantern/Green Arrow #85 (DC)
Best Writer (Dramatic Division): Roy Thomas
Best Penciller (Dramatic Division): Neal Adams
Best Inker (Dramatic Division): Dick Giordano
Best Writer (Humor Division): John Albano
Best Penciller (Humor Division): Dan DeCarlo
Best Inker (Humor Division): Henry Scarpelli
Best Letterer: Gaspar Saladino
Best Colorist: Tatjana Wood
Best Foreign Artist: Frank Bellamy
Outstanding New Talent: (tie) Michael Kaluta, Richard Corben
Special Recognition: Gil Kane, "for Blackmark, his paperback comics novel"
Special Achievement by an Individual: Jack Kirby, "for his Fourth World series in Forever People, New Gods, Mister Miracle, Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen"
Hall of Fame: Will Eisner
1972
Winners. Presented 1973.
Best Continuing Feature: n.a.
Best Individual Story (Dramatic): "Dark Genesis" by Len Wein & Berni Wrightson, Swamp Thing #1 (DC).
Also nominated: "The Black Hound of Vengeance," by Roy Thomas & Barry Smith, Conan the Barbarian #20 (Marvel)
Best Individual Short Story (Dramatic): "The Demon Within" by John Albano & Jim Aparo, House of Mystery #201 (DC)
Best Writer (Dramatic Division): Len Wein, Swamp Thing
Best Penciller (Dramatic Division): Berni Wrightson, Swamp Thing
Best Inker (Dramatic Division): n.a.
Best Humor Story: "The Poster Plague" by Steve Skeates & Sergio Aragones, House of Mystery #202 (DC)
Best Writer (Humor Division): n.a.
Best Penciller (Humor Division): n.a.
Best Inker (Humor Division): Sergio Aragones, Mad
Best Letterer: n.a.
Best Colorist: n.a.
Best Foreign Artist: n.a.
Outstanding New Talent: n.a.
Special Award: DC letterer/proofreader Gerda Gattel "for bringing her special warmth to our history"
Superior Achievement by an Individual: Julius Schwartz "for bringing the Shazam Family back into print"
Hall of Fame: n.a.
1973
Nominees where known, and winners. Presented 1974.
Best Continuing Feature: Swamp Thing (DC)
Also nominated: Conan the Barbarian (Marvel), The Tomb of Dracula (Marvel)
Best Individual Story (Dramatic): "Song of Red Sonja" by Roy Thomas & Barry Smith, Conan the Barbarian #24 (Marvel)
Also nominated: "A Clockwork Horror" by Len Wein & Berni Wrightson, Swamp Thing #6 (DC); "Finally, Shuma-Gorath" by Steve Englehart & Frank Brunner Marvel Premiere #10 (Marvel)
Best Individual Short Story (Dramatic): "The Himalayan Incident" (Manhunter) by Archie Goodwin & Walt Simonson, Detective Comics #437 (DC)
Best Writer (Dramatic Division): Archie Goodwin (Manhunter in Detective Comics #437-443)
Also nominated: Roy Thomas (Conan the Barbarian); Len Wein (Swamp Thing)
Best Penciller (Dramatic Division): Berni Wrightson (Swamp Thing)
Also nominated: John Buscema (Conan the Barbarian, The Savage Sword of Conan); Mike Ploog (Marvel Spotlight, Frankenstein)
Best Inker (Dramatic Division): Dick Giordano (Justice League of America)
Also nominated: Tom Palmer (The Tomb of Dracula); Berni Wrightson (Swamp Thing)
Best Humor Story: "The Gourmet", Plop! #1 (DC)
Also nominated: "The Escape", Plop! #1; "F-f-frongs", Spoof #3 (Marvel); "Kung Fooey", Crazy #1 (Marvel)
Best Writer (Humor Division): (tie) Stu Schwartzberg; Steve Skeates
Also nominated: Roy Thomas, Marv Wolfman
Best Penciller (Humor Division): Marie Severin (Crazy)
Also nominated: Bob Foster (Crazy); Larry Hama (Crazy); Mike Ploog (Crazy)
Best Inker (Humor Division): Ralph Reese
Also nominated: Russ Heath; John Severin; Herb Trimpe
Best Letterer: Gaspar Saladino
Best Colorist: Glynis Wein
Best Foreign Comic Series: Lieutenant Blueberry
Outstanding New Talent: (tie) Walt Simonson; Jim Starlin
Also nominated: Klaus Janson
Superior Achievement by an Individual: Richard Corben
Hall of Fame: Carl Barks
1974
Nominees and winners. Presented 1975.
Best Continuing Feature: Conan the Barbarian (Marvel)
Also nominated: Man-Thing (Marvel), The Tomb of Dracula (Marvel)
Best Individual Story (Dramatic): "Götterdämmerung" by Archie Goodwin & Walt Simonson, Detective Comics #443 (DC)
Also nominated: "Night of the Stalker" by Sal Amendola with Vin Amendola, Steve Englehart, and Dick Giordano, Detective Comics #439 (DC); "Red Nails" by Roy Thomas & Barry Smith, Savage Tales #1-3 (Marvel)
Best Individual Short Story (Dramatic): "Cathedral Perilous" (Manhunter) by Archie Goodwin & Walt Simonson, Detective Comics #441 (DC)
Also nominated: "Burma Sky," by Archie Goodwin & Alex Toth, Our Fighting Forces #146 (DC); "Jenifer" by Bruce Jones & Berni Wrightson, Creepy #63 (Warren)
Best Writer (Dramatic Division): Archie Goodwin
Also nominated: Steve Gerber, Roy Thomas
Best Penciller (Dramatic Division): John Buscema
Also nominated: Gene Colan, Berni Wrightson
Best Inker (Dramatic Division): Dick Giordano
Also nominated: Frank Giacoia; Tom Palmer; Joe Sinnott
Best Humor Story: "Kaspar the Dead Baby" by Marv Wolfman & Marie Severin Crazy #8 (Marvel)
Also nominated: "The Boob Rube Story" by Stu Schwartzberg & Marie Severin, Crazy #4; "The Ecchorcist" by Marv Wolfman & Vance Rodewalt (Crazy #6); "Police Gory Story" by Stu Schwartzberg & Vance Rodewalt (Crazy #8)
Best Writer (Humor Division): Steve Skeates
Also nominated: Nick Cuti; Steve Gerber; Joe Gill
Best Penciller (Humor Division): Marie Severin
Also nominated: Dan DeCarlo; Frank Roberge; George Wildman
Best Inker (Humor Division): Ralph Reese
Also nominated: Rudy Lapick; Frank Roberge; Marie Severin; George Wildman
Best Letterer: John Costanza
Also nominated: Annette Kawecki; Gaspar Saladino; Artie Simek
Best Colorist: Tatjana Wood
Also nominated: Marie Severin; Glynis Wein
Outstanding New Talent: Craig Russell
Also nominated: Paul Gulacy; Al Milgrom
Superior Achievement by an Individual: Roy Thomas
Also nominated: Barry Smith; Jim Starlin
Hall of Fame: Jack Kirby
Also nominated: Alex Toth; Wally Wood
Additional credits where not given in cited source:
See also
Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
Creator ownership
Alley Award
Bill Finger Award
Eagle Awards
Eisner Award
Harvey Award
Inkpot Award
Kirby Award
National Comics Award
Russ Manning Award
References
External links
Bridwell, E. Nelson, "Siegel, Shuster & Superman", Amazing World of DC Comics: Special Edition #1 (Feb. 1976)
Additional .
Comics-related organizations
1970 establishments in the United States
1977 disestablishments in the United States |
4032816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%E2%80%93Scholten%20algorithm | Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm | The Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm (named after Edsger W. Dijkstra and Carel S. Scholten) is an algorithm for detecting termination in a distributed system. The algorithm was proposed by Dijkstra and Scholten in 1980.
First, consider the case of a simple process graph which is a tree. A distributed computation which is tree-structured is not uncommon. Such a process graph may arise when the computation is strictly a divide-and-conquer type. A node starts the computation and divides the problem in two (or more, usually a multiple of 2) roughly equal parts and distribute those parts to other processors. This process continues recursively until the problems are of sufficiently small size to solve in a single processor.
Algorithm
The Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm is a tree-based algorithm which can be described by the following:
The initiator of a computation is the root of the tree.
Upon receiving a computational message:
If the receiving process is currently not in the computation: the process joins the tree by becoming a child of the sender of the message. (No acknowledgment message is sent at this point.)
If the receiving process is already in the computation: the process immediately sends an acknowledgment message to the sender of the message.
When a process has no more children and has become idle, the process detaches itself from the tree by sending an acknowledgment message to its tree parent.
Termination occurs when the initiator has no children and has become idle.
Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm for a tree
For a tree, it is easy to detect termination. When a leaf process determines that it has terminated, it sends a signal to its parent. In general, a process waits for all its children to send signals and then it sends a signal to its parent.
The program terminates when the root receives signals from all its children.
Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm for directed acyclic graphs
The algorithm for a tree can be extended to acyclic directed graphs. We add an additional integer attribute Deficit to each edge.
On an incoming edge, Deficit will denote the difference between the number of messages received and the number of signals sent in reply.
When a node wishes to terminate, it waits until it has received signals from outgoing edges reducing their deficits to zero.
Then it sends enough signals to ensure that the deficit is zero on each incoming edge.
Since the graph is acyclic, some nodes will have no outgoing edges and these nodes will be the first to terminate after sending enough signals to their incoming edges. After that the nodes at higher levels will terminate level by level.
Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm for cyclic directed graphs
If cycles are allowed, the previous algorithm does not work. This is because, there may not be any node with zero outgoing edges. So, potentially there is no node which can terminate without consulting other nodes.
The Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm solves this problem by implicitly creating a spanning tree of the graph. A spanning-tree is a tree which includes each node of the underlying graph once and the edge-set is a subset of the original set of edges.
The tree will be directed (i.e., the channels will be directed) with the source node (which initiates the computation) as the root.
The spanning-tree is created in the following way. A variable First_Edge is added to each node. When a node receives a message for the first time, it initializes First_Edge with the edge through which it received the message. First_Edge is never changed afterwards. Note that, the spanning tree is not unique and it depends on the order of messages in the system.
Termination is handled by each node in three steps :
Send signals on all incoming edges except the first edge. (Each node will send signals which reduces the deficit on each incoming edge to zero.)
Wait for signals from all outgoing edges. (The number of signals received on each outgoing edge should reduce each of their deficits to zero.)
Send signals on First_Edge. (Once steps 1 and 2 are complete, a node informs its parent in the spanning tree about its intention of terminating.)
See also
Huang's algorithm
References
Graph algorithms
Termination algorithms
Edsger W. Dijkstra |
4032819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton%20Daggett%20Gray | Clifton Daggett Gray | Clifton Daggett Gray (July 27, 1874 – February 21, 1948) was an American minister who served as the third President of Bates College from March 1920 to November 1944.
Under his tenure the debate team began to compete internationally and hosted the University of Oxford's Oxford Union's first American debate in Lewiston; Gray is known as the "father of the Brooks Quimby Debate Council." He led the college through the Wall Street Crash of 1929 to a $2 million endowment and introduced the V-12 Naval Training Program at the college.
Life and career
Gray was born on July 27, 1874, in Boston, Massachusetts, graduating from Harvard University in 1897 and then receiving a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Gray then served as a Free Will Baptist pastor and editor of The Standard, a Baptist periodical.
Clifton Daggett Gray became Bates' third president in 1919, serving until 1944. He continued his predecessor's expansion of the academic side of Bates, but his tenure also saw significant changes in other aspects of college life. On-campus dancing was officially sanctioned, hazing was abolished, and student orientation and socializing rules were more formally established.
As president, Gray greatly expanded the college's endowment and was active in the Bates debate program. He helped to organize the first intercontinental debate: Bates debated Oxford University in 1921. During World War II, Gray was instrumental in bringing a V-12 Navy unit to train officers at the college.
Gray served as president of Bates until 1944, when he retired.
Death and legacy
Gray died on February 21, 1948, in Lewiston, Maine, four years after he retired from the presidency.
Bates College honored Gray by naming their main athletic gymnasium after him. The Gray Athletic Building (Gray Cage) at Bates is home to basketball games, and student and faculty activities.
References
Further reading
Bates College Mirror (Lewiston, Maine: Bates College, 2006)
External links
Clifton Daggett Gray records at Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College
1875 births
1948 deaths
Baptists from Maine
Harvard University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
People from Boston
Presidents of Bates College
Baptists from Massachusetts
Free Will Baptists
Baptist ministers from the United States |
4032837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity%20%28British%20trade%20union%29 | Solidarity (British trade union) | Solidarity is a United Kingdom trade union formed in late 2005 by the British National Party (BNP). It is named after the Polish trade union Solidarność, and its logo (which it has trademarked) is also inspired by that of the Polish union.
Solidarity recruits from all industrial sectors and professions. Solidarity has already stated that it has no plans to apply for affiliation to the Trades Union Congress (TUC) and will not be bound, therefore, by agreements not to poach members from other unions.
Leadership political profile
Executive composition
The first union president was Adam Walker, a BNP member and three times a parliamentary candidate (in Bishop Auckland in 2010 and 2017 and in Rotherham in 2015). Since 2015, he has been chairman of the BNP, following the departure of Nick Griffin as leader. Walker was subsequently replaced as union president by David Kerr. Kerr was replaced as president in November 2019 by Glen Nicklasson.
The union general secretary is Patrick Harrington
Controversies
Funding for the BNP?
In a 2006 report in the newspaper Wales on Sunday, John Walker, then national treasurer of the BNP, claimed that the union was likely to contribute funds to the party:
Solidarity's general secretary, Harrington, responded in a letter to the newspaper that this was Walker's "personal opinion", that the recipients of union grants would be decided directly by members, and that members could opt out of the political fund if one were to be established.
Solidarity's annual returns to the Certification Office from 2006 to 2018 indicate that the union has not established a political fund.
Alleged front status
Allegations that Solidarity is a BNP front organisation were first made by Searchlight magazine on the Stop the BNP website on 24 January 2006 and repeated by Barrie Clement in The Independent on 1 February 2006.
Membership numbers
In figures filed with the Certification Office for 31 December 2019, Solidarity said it had 173 members, up from 139 in the previous year.
References
External links
Solidarity website
Certification Office annual returns
Trade unions in the United Kingdom
General unions
Trade unions established in 2005
Fascist trade unions |
4032851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20north%20faces%20of%20the%20Alps | Great north faces of the Alps | The six great north faces of the Alps (also called the six 'classic north faces') are a select group of vertical |title=face faces in the Swiss, French, and Italian Alps known in mountaineering for their difficulty and great height.
They are (sorted by date of first ascent):
Matterhorn, first ascent in August 1931;
Cima Grande di Lavaredo, first ascent in 1933;
Petit Dru, first ascent in 1935;
Piz Badile, first ascent July 1937;
Eiger, first ascent in July 1938;
Grandes Jorasses, first ascent in August 1938.
Making the first ascent of each of these six faces was a major preoccupation of the best European climbers in the 1930s. Gaston Rébuffat, a French alpinist and mountain guide, was the first to do so, chronicled in his 1954 work, Etoiles et Tempêtes (Starlight and Storm).
Three of these north faces — the Eiger, the Matterhorn and the Grandes Jorasses — are considerably harder to climb than the others. This led to their becoming known as 'the Trilogy'.
Records
The first to climb these three faces within a year was the Austrian Leo Schlömmer, from the summer of 1961 to the summer of 1962. Ivano Ghirardini was the first man to climb the Trilogy in winter, solo (1977–78), and Catherine Destivelle was the first woman (1992-93-94). With the introduction of the concept of enchainment, the next challenge was to climb all three faces in one outing, a race eventually won by Tomo Česen in 1986 at the age of 26; after that Christophe Profit, who achieved the feat between 11–12 March 1987 in a time of 24 hours.
From December 2014 to March 2015, during a project known as "Starlight and Storms", Tom Ballard climbed these six north faces solo, being the first person to complete this feat in a single winter season without a support team. A film chronicling this project, Tom, won several awards at international film festivals.
On 15 August 2021, with his ascent of the Petit Dru in 1 hour 43 minutes, the Swiss climber completed a ten-year project to make the fastest solo speed climb of all six faces. He had previously set speed records on the other five faces, with Ueli Steck's 2015 solo of the Eiger north face the only current faster ascent (when Arnold climbed the Eiger north face in 2011 in two hours and 28 minutes it was the fastest at that date).
Gallery
Bibliography
Anker, Daniel (ed.) (2000) Eiger: The Vertical Arena. Seattle: The Mountaineers.
Hargreaves, Alison (1995). A Hard Day's Summer: Six Classic North Faces Solo. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Rébuffat, Gaston (1999). Starlight and Storm: The Conquest of the Great North Faces of the Alps. New York: Modern Library.
Destivelle, Catherine (2003). Ascensions, Arthaud (French) ()
Destivelle, Catherine (2015). Rock Queen, Hayloft Publishing Ltd ()
References
Alps
North faces
Mountaineering in the Alps
Cliffs of Europe
Mountaineering in Switzerland |
4032860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swapan%20Dasgupta | Swapan Dasgupta | Swapan Dasgupta (born 3 October 1955) is an Indian journalist and politician. He is influential within the Indian right wing, writing columns for leading English dailies espousing Hindu nationalism. He is a nominated member of the Rajya Sabha the upper house of the Parliament of India. He had resigned as MP to contest the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election with a BJP ticket and lost to AITC candidate Ramendu Sinha. He was renominated as MP again on 1 June 2021.
Dasgupta was awarded Padma Bhushan (the third highest civilian award in India) in 2015, for his contribution to Literature and Education.
Early life and education
He was born into a Bengali Baidya brahmin family on 3 October 1955 in Calcutta, West Bengal.
He received his education at St. Paul's School, Darjeeling, La Martiniere Calcutta and St. Stephen's College, Delhi, graduating from the latter in 1975. He thereafter went on to earn an MA and PhD from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, where he received an exhibitionership to fund his studies.
Subsequently, he returned to India for a brief period in 1979 to take up a management position at his family's pharmaceutical business ‘Calcutta Chemical Company’. He eventually returned to the United Kingdom as a Junior Research Fellow at Nuffield College, University of Oxford, where he taught and researched on South Asian Politics. An excerpt from his thesis concerning the intersectionality of local politics in the Midnapur district of Bengal has featured in a volume about subaltern studies, edited by Ranajit Guha.
Personal life
He is married to Reshmi Ray Dasgupta, Lifestyle Editor at The Economic Times and has a son who is a practicing lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. They reside in New Delhi.
Career
Dasgupta has served in editorial positions over several English dailies in India including The Indian Express, The Times of India, The Statesman, India Today et cetera. He is a frequent guest on news channels in English-language debates on Indian politics and international affairs. He wrote a foreword to an anthology titled Nirad C. Chaudhuri: The First Hundred Years: A Celebration, wherein he asserted Chaudhuri of having pro-BJP stances.
In February 2015, Swapan Dasgupta was appointed on the Board of Directors of Larsen and Toubro as a nominee of the Unit Trust of India. He stepped down from Directorship of Larsen and Toubro upon being appointed to the Rajya Sabha.
In 2019, he published Awakening Bharat Mata: The Political Beliefs of the Indian Right.
Dasgupta was conferred Honorary Visiting Professorship at Center for Media Studies (CMS) at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in recognition to his excellent expertise on journalism and media.
Politics
Despite being initially attracted to Trotskyism, Dasgupta became a Thatcherite in his days at England. Since then, he has self-identified with centre-right politics and has been heavily active in the national political theater, as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. Mushirul Hasan noted him to be the effective chief-spokesperson of BJP in the English language press during the 90s. Arvind Rajagopal saw this shift to BJP to immediately arise after the implementation of Mandal Commission recommendations along with the near-simultaneous Rathyatra by Advani, which Dasgupta held to be a potential event that can bridge the internal divide among Hindus.
In April, 2016, Dasgupta was nominated by the President of India Pranab Mukherjee to the Rajya Sabha. His term was to continue till 2022. However on 16 March 2021, he resigned as a member of the Rajya Sabha, facing legal action from the ruling Trinamool Congress party, since a nominated member cannot contest on any party ticket while continuing to hold the post in the House.
Dasgupta contested the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election from Tarakeswar but lost to his opponent from the AITC Candidate Ramendu Singha Roy by over 7000 votes.
He was renominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President of India on 1 June 2021. His renomination drew criticism from the opposition parties, with Congress MP Jairam Ramesh asking if this was the first time in history of the Rajya Sabha that such a thing had happened.
Reception
Meera Nanda notes him to be one of the most prominent center-right public intellectuals in the Indian polity. Tanika Sarkar et al. have located parallels between Swapan's writings and the thought-school of Hindu nationalist organisations like Vishva Hindu Parishad. Manisha Basu, writing in The Rhetoric of Hindu India, deems Dasgupta similarly and further notes of his consistent attacks upon left-liberal commentators—people who have supposedly leveraged their social privilege to dominate the socio-political consciousness of the "Anglophone national bourgeoisie" for long enough—in his process of becoming one of the few self-appointed interpreters of the Indian Right.
Basu also notes him to be a vocal exponent of exploiting English as a tool in reaching out to the masses and substituting the appeal of prevalent ideologies of the so-called "socialist left-liberals" with that of hindutva; he was one of the most fierce critics of the pro-vernacular policies followed by the communist government of West Bengal. Back in the early 2000s, Dasgupta had noted in his blog:-
Arvind Tajagopal notes Dasgupta to be one of the most vocal and enthusiast columnists for Hindutva, in English language press in the 80s.
Bibliography
External links
Swapan Dasgupta on Twitter
References
1955 births
Bengali people
Indian columnists
Living people
La Martiniere Calcutta alumni
St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal
Indian male journalists
20th-century Indian journalists
Journalists from West Bengal
Writers from Kolkata
Politicians from Kolkata
Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha |
4032870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushtigban | Pushtigban | The pushtigban was an elite military unit of the Sasanian Empire, charged with the protection of the Persian Emperor.
They were stationed during peacetime in the royal capital of Ctesiphon and were drawn from the best of the ranks of the Sasanian Savārān cavalry. They numbered 1000 men, under the command of the pushtigban-salar ; in battle they fought mostly as cataphracts, heavily armed and armoured horsemen who would charge enemy positions with tremendous momentum.
There are allusions to the participation of this unit in sources describing the Shapur II's Arab campaign and Siege of Amida (359).
A sub-unit of pushtigban were the gyan-avspar, the "sacrificers of their lives" - the best of the pushtigban. The pushtigban fought with distinction and zeal befitting their name during Julian's invasion of Persia in the 4th century AD.
The pushtigban disappeared with the Muslim conquest of Persia, that led to the Fall of the Sasanian Empire.
See also
Immortals (Sasanian Empire)
Cataphract
Bibliography
Farrokh, Kaveh (2005) Sassanian Elite Cavalry, AD224-642. Osprey Publishing
References
Guards units of the Sasanian Empire
Cavalry units and formations of the Sassanian Empire
no:Udødelige (Persia) |
4032882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial%20prelate | Territorial prelate | A territorial prelate is, in Catholic usage, a prelate whose geographic jurisdiction, called territorial prelature, does not belong to any diocese and is considered a particular church.
The territorial prelate is sometimes called a prelate nullius, from the Latin nullius diœceseos, prelate "of no diocese," meaning the territory falls directly under the 'exempt' jurisdiction of the Holy See (Pope of Rome) and is not a diocese under a residing bishop.
The term is also used in a generic sense, and may then equally refer to an apostolic prefecture, an apostolic vicariate, a permanent apostolic administration (which are pre-diocesan, often missionary, or temporary), or a territorial abbacy (see there).
Status
A territorial prelate exercises quasi-episcopal jurisdiction in a territory not comprised by any diocese. The origin of such prelates must necessarily be sought in the apostolic privileges, for only he whose authority is superior to that of bishops can grant an exemption from episcopal jurisdiction. Such exemption, therefore, comes only from the pope.
The rights of prelates nullius are quasi-episcopal, and these dignitaries are supposed to have any power that a bishop has, unless it is expressly denied to them by canon law. If they have not received episcopal consecration, such prelates may not confer holy orders. If not consecrated episcopally, they have not the power to exercise those functions of consecrating oils, etc., which are referred to the episcopal order only analogously.
Prelates nullius may take cognizance of matrimonial causes within the same limits as a bishop. They may dispense from the proclamation of matrimonial banns, grant faculties for hearing confessions and preaching, reserve certain cases to themselves, publish indulgences and jubilees, exercise full jurisdiction over the enclosure of nuns, and invite any bishop to confirm in their quasi-diocese. They may, even if priests only, confirm themselves by papal privilege as expressed in canon 883 No. 1 CIC whenever they find it appropriate; however, even as local ordinaries they are in that case only extraordinary ministers of confirmation and should thus prefer to invite bishops if possible.
These prelates may not, however, without special permission of the Holy See, convoke a synod or institute synodal examiners. Neither may they confer parochial benefices. They are not allowed to grant indulgences, or absolve from the reserved cases and secret irregularities whose absolution is restricted to the pope ordinarily, but allowed to bishops by the Council of Trent, nor promote secular clerics to orders, nor grant dimissory letters for ordination, nor exercise jurisdiction over regulars as apostolic delegates.
Prelates nullius are, however, bound to residence, to preach the Word of God, to offer Mass for their people, to make the visit ad limina to the Roman Curia, and in concurrence with the neighbouring bishop to perform a visitation of their quasi-diocese.
As a rule, territorial (and personal) prelates are consecrated as bishops, though not bishops of their diocese, as expressed by the title Bishop-prelate.
Most were/are missionaries, outside Europe (mainly Latin America and a few Asian countries) or in countries with a crushing Protestant majority (notably Lutheran Norway).
Current territorial prelatures
As of November 2020, there were 40, all Latin Church:
In Asia
in the Philippines : Batanes, Infanta, Isabela, Marawi
In Europe
in Italy: Loreto, Pompei
in France: Mission de France
in Norway: Tromsø, Trondheim
In Latin America
in Argentina: Cafayate, Deán Funes, Esquel, Humahuaca
in Bolivia: Aiquile, Corocoro
in Brazil: Borba, Itacoatiara, Itaituba, Lábrea, Marajó, São Félix, Tefé, Alto Xingu-Tecumã
in Chile: Illapel
in Guatemala: Santo Cristo de Esquípulas (United aeque principaliter, i.e. in personal union, with Diocese of Zacapa from 1986.06.24)
in Mexico: El Salto, Huautla, Jesús María, Mixes
in Panama: Bocas del Toro
in Peru: Ayaviri, Caravelí, Chota, Chuquibamba, Chuquibambilla, Huamachuco, Juli, Moyobamba, Santiago Apóstol de Huancané, Yauyos
Nominal territorial prelatures
(incomplete?)
in Italy : Territorial Prelature of Santa Lucia del Mela, on Sicily, merged into the thus accordingly renamed Metropolitan Archdiocese of Messina–Lipari–Santa Lucia del Mela
Former territorial prelatures
''(probably quite incomplete; all Latin)
In Europe - Italy
Territorial Prelature of Acquaviva delle Fonti (suppressed into Diocese of Altamura–Gravina–Acquaviva delle Fonti)
Territorial Prelature of Altamura (promoted to Diocese of Altamura–Gravina–Acquaviva delle Fonti)
in Brazil
Territorial Prelature of Abaeté do Tocantins (Brazil, now Diocese of Abaetetuba)
Territorial Prelature of Acre and Purus (Brazil, now Diocese of Rio Branco)
Territorial Prelature of Bananal (Brazil, suppressed)
Territorial Prelature of Bom Jesus do Piauí (Brazil, renamed and promoted Diocese of Bom Jesus do Gurguéia)
Territorial Prelature of Cristalândia (Brazil, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Formosa (Brazil, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Guiratinga (Brazil, promoted and renamed Diocese of Primavera do Leste–Paranatinga)
Territorial Prelature of Paranatinga (Brazil, suppressed)
Territorial Prelature of Porto Velho (Brazil, promoted twice: now Archdiocese)
Territorial Prelature of Registro do Araguaia (Brazil, suppressed)
Territorial Prelature of Rio Branco (Brazil, originally Acre and Purus, promoted Diocese of Rio Branco)
Territorial Prelature of Roraima (Brazil, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of São Peregrino Laziosi no Alto Acre e Alto Purus (Brazil, originally Acre and Purus, promoted Diocese of Rio Branco)
Territorial Prelature of São Raimundo Nonato (Brazil, promoted diocese)
in Spanish-speaking Latin America
Territorial Prelature of Arica (Chile, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Caacupé (Paraguay, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Chimbote (Peru, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Choluteca (Honduras, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Chulucanas (Peru, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Copiapó (Chile, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Escuintla (Guatemala, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Huarí (Peru, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Huehuetenango (Guatemala, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Madera (Mexico, promoted and renamed Diocese of Cuauhtémoc-Madera)
Territorial Prelature of Río Magdalena (Colombia, promoted and renamed Diocese of Barrancabermeja)
Territorial Prelature of San Fernando de Apure (Venezuela, promoted diocese)
Sicuani, (Peru, promoted to diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Tarma (Peru, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Inmaculada Concepción de la B.V.M. en Olancho (Honduras, renamed and promoted Diocese of Juticalpa)
in Asia
Territorial Prelature of Cotabato (Philippines, initially Territorial Prelature of Cotabato and Sulu; promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Kidapawan (Philippines, promoted diocese)
Territorial Prelature of Marbel (Philippines, promoted diocese)
See also
Territorial Abbacy
List of Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)
List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)
List of Catholic military dioceses
List of Catholic apostolic administrations
List of Catholic apostolic vicariates
List of Catholic exarchates
List of Catholic apostolic prefectures
List of Catholic missions sui juris
References
Sources and external links
GCatholic |
4032887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFB%20Edmonton | CFB Edmonton | CFB Edmonton (also called 3rd Canadian Division Support Base Edmonton) is a Canadian Forces base located in Sturgeon County adjacent to the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It is also known as Edmonton Garrison or "Steele Barracks".
History
The history of CFB Edmonton begins at an airfield called Blatchford Field, a few kilometres south from where CFB Edmonton would eventually be established. The airfield was established in 1927 as a private and commercial interest by bush pilots, with support from the Mayor of Edmonton, airfield namesake Kenny Blatchford, opening a few months after he ended his term as mayor with his election as a Member of Parliament representing the city. The airfield became important to the opening up and development of the Canadian north, while also cementing Edmonton's place as the "Gateway to the North".
During the Second World War, Blatchford Field became a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) training station under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. No. 16 Elementary Flying Training School (No. 16 EFTS) and No. 2 Air Observers School (No. 2 AOS) used the aerodrome. The RCAF also ran No. 4 Initial Training School (No. 4 ITS) which was a ground school located at the University of Alberta. No. 16 EFTS closed in 1942 and No. 2 AOS closed in 1944. After No. 2 AOS closed, the station formally became known as RCAF Station Edmonton. Many RCAF squadrons and units were located here, including a survival school and the RCAF Winter Experimental Establishment (WEE). A United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) B-29 bomber detachment also used the station.
During the war, the airfield was a major factor in supporting the Allies of World War II, becoming a staging point for the U.S. defence of Alaska, as well as a major waypoint of the Northwest Staging Route supplying equipment and aircraft to the Soviet military. Aircraft had to be ferried and transport aircraft used the aerodrome to support the construction of the Alaska Highway. Air traffic increased significantly and flying activities were becoming hazardous. Since the old airfield could not be expanded because of its proximity to the city of Edmonton, the U.S. Government built a new air facility at Namao, about north of the city. The United States Army Corps of Engineers built two runways at the base, 03/21 and 12/30, both long and Canada's longest at the time. The Americans ran the Namao airfield until the end of the war when the Canadian Government took it over. With time, RCAF Station Edmonton also developed severe limitations at Blatchford, and on 1 October 1955 all RCAF Squadrons and support units were transferred to the "new" RCAF Station Namao. Blatchford Field was turned over to the Edmonton municipal government and became the commercial Edmonton City Centre (Blatchford Field) Airport.
During the Cold War, RCAF Station Namao was used by the United States Strategic Air Command, which constructed a "Nose Dock" capable of servicing the nose and wings of heavy jet bombers and tankers on the south side of the airfield. The station also hosted the Edmonton Rescue Coordination Centre, and served as home base for United Nations Food Aid flights, delivering aid to Ethiopia, Somalia, and Bosnia. Because Namao at that time had a runway, 12/30, it was designated an emergency Space Shuttle landing site by NASA.
In 1968, when Canada's armed force branches were amalgamated, RCAF Station Namao was redesignated Canadian Forces Base Edmonton (Lancaster Park) and was under command of the new Air Transport Command and later Air Command.
Federal Government budget cuts forced the command of the air station to be transferred to the Canadian Forces Land Force Command in 1994. CFB Edmonton (Lancaster Park)/18 Wing Edmonton was redesignated CFB Edmonton.
Although both runways are still visible they are no longer in use except for a section of 03/21 used by helicopters.
In 2010–2011, Government of Canada announced the construction of new facilities for visiting Canadian Armed Forces members training at CFB Edmonton (3rd Canadian Division Support Base Edmonton (3 CDSB)).
Units
These units are headquartered at CFB Edmonton:
3rd Canadian Division
1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group
1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group Headquarters and Signal Squadron
Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)
1 Combat Engineer Regiment
1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
1 Service Battalion
3rd Canadian Division Support Group
D Company, 3rd Canadian Division Training Centre
6 Intelligence Company
1 Military Police Regiment
1 Field Ambulance
1 Dental Unit Detachment Edmonton
408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron
Today
The principal function of the CFB Edmonton today is to field a general purpose combat-effective mechanized brigade group, or any portion thereof, ready for deployment to a minimal-intensity battlefield in accordance with assigned tasks.
CFB Edmonton is the headquarters of 3rd Canadian Division, the highest army authority in western Canada, and 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG), the only Regular Force brigade group in the region. The base is situated at Steele Barracks (named for Sir Sam Steele) just north of the city. The area formerly known as CFB Griesbach within the city itself is no longer operational. All buildings and land having been sold and are no longer Crown assets. The final closure was announced by Minister MacKay in 2012. The base as a collective is an important part of the community surrounding Edmonton and is home to some of the most prestigious and experienced units in the Canadian Military.
The 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, along with elements of Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) and 1 Combat Engineer Regiment (all part of 1 CMBG) were chosen to be a part of Canada's military response to the September 11, 2001 attacks and were deployed on combat operations to Afghanistan (including Operation Anaconda) in 2001 and 2002. Units from the base were deployed to Kandahar, Afghanistan, as part of the Canadian Forces command takeover in that area as well. Units from Edmonton were also deployed on domestic operations such as to assist with the Red River Flood in 1997 (where the entire 1 CMBG was deployed) and, more recently, as a part of Operation Peregrine in response to the forest fires in British Columbia in 2003. Units from CFB Edmonton were also deployed on numerous peacekeeping operations, including to Bosnia and Kosovo, among others.
At the end of March 2010 there were 4,237 regular military, 905 reserve Class A, B, and C forces, and 665 civilian workers at CFB Edmonton. CFB Edmonton has around one-third of the Canadian army's fighting power.
In February 2012, it was reported that the Alberta Government had been in contact with the federal government and military officials in Ottawa and Edmonton over the use of the runway for MEDIVAC flights with the planned closure of Edmonton City Centre Airport. Alberta Deputy Premier Doug Horner said that he had spoken with the Minister of National Defence, Peter MacKay, and the Minister of Public Works, Rona Ambrose for further discussion. It was ultimately decided to operate all medical flights out of a purpose built facility at the Edmonton International Airport.
On June 7, 2013, the base hosted the raising of a rainbow flag to kick off Edmonton Pride, the first time that the flag was flown on a Canadian military base.
CFB Edmonton also participated in Operation Unifier in Ukraine, 2015–2016.
In August 2016 CFB Edmonton troops joined the NATO mission in Poland, Operation Reassurance.<
References
External links
CFB Edmonton
CFB Edmonton - National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces
Canadian Forces bases in Alberta
Military airbases in Alberta
Heliports in Canada
Cfb Edmonton
Cfb Edmonton
Cfb Edmonton
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in Alaska
1955 establishments in Alberta
Airports established in 1955
Military airbases established in 1955 |
4032900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Arpi | Claude Arpi | Claude Arpi is French-born author, journalist, historian and tibetologist born in 1949 in Angoulême who lives in Auroville, India. He is the author of several books including The Fate of Tibet: When Big Insects Eat Small Insects, and several articles on Tibet, China, India and Indo-French relations.
Claude Arpi is the director of the Pavilion of Tibetan Culture at Auroville. The 14th Dalai Lama inaugurated the Pavilion, with Claude Arpi in attendance, on 20 January 2009.
Bibliography
India–Tibet Relations (1947–1962) series:
Tibet: When the Gods Spoke. India Tibet Relations (1947–1962), Part 3, Vij Books, 2019.
Will Tibet Ever Find Her Soul Again? India Tibet Relations (1947–1962), Part 2, Vij Books, 2018.
Tibet: The Last Months of a Free Nation. India Tibet Relations (1947–1962), Part 1, Vij Books, 2017.
Other:
1962 and the McMahon Line Saga, Lancer Publishers, 2013.
India and her neighbourhood: a French observer's views, Har-Anand Publications, 2005.
Born in Sin : The Panchsheel Agreement, The Sacrifice of Tibet, Mittal Publications, New Delhi, 2004.
Cachemire, le paradis perdu, Éditions Philippe Picquier, 2004 .
Il y a 50 ans : Pondichéry, Éditions Auroville Press, Auroville, 2004
Long and dark shall be the night : the Karma of Tibet, Éditions Auroville Press, Auroville, 2002.
La politique française de Nehru, La fin des comptoirs français en Inde (1947–1954), Éditions Auroville Press, Auroville, 2002
Tibet, le pays sacrifié, préfacé par le Dalaï Lama, Calmann-Lévy, 2000. .
The Fate of Tibet: When Big Insects Eat Small Insects, Har-Anand Publications, New Delhi, 1999.
References
External links
Website
Homepage
1949 births
Living people
20th-century French historians
French journalists
Journalists from Tamil Nadu
Tibetologists
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French historians
French male non-fiction writers |
4032942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Association%20for%20Nude%20Recreation | American Association for Nude Recreation | The American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR) is a naturist organization based in the United States.
The AANR is the largest, longest-established organization of its kind in North America. It was founded in 1931 and went under its previous name American Sunbathing Association. Approximately 200 nudist resorts, clubs, and businesses choose to affiliate with AANR, and AANR serves over 30,000 members in the United States, Canada, Mexico, French West Indies, Virgin Islands, and St. Martin.
The AANR promotes the benefits of wholesome nude family recreation and works to protect the rights of nudists in appropriate settings, such as sanctioned nude beaches and public lands set aside for that use; as well as homes, private backyards, plus AANR-affiliated clubs, campgrounds and resorts.
The AANR uses a portion of its collected membership fees to be politically active by campaigning and lobbying governments fighting to allow nudism in the US and Canada.
History
In 1929 Kurt Barthel started the first American nudist club known as the American League for Physical Culture (ALPC). A couple of years later, in December, 1931, a second organization was founded as the International Nudist League, renamed quickly to the International Nudist Conference, further renamed a few years later as the American Sunbathing Association. Ilsley Boone was listed as General Secretary.
The Association was established with its office at Mays Landing, NJ. During the Second World War, the nudist movement was disrupted as many went off to war resulting in the closure of several nudist resorts / clubs. After the war by 1946, Boone was seen as controlling and micro-managing the organization resulting in many dissatisfied members. He controlled mailing lists in order to receive enough proxy votes to keep control of elected votes and elected officials.
In 1951, new bylaws were instituted and a change was made to the governing board. After a year, the changes were again accepted by the 1952 convention, following a court ruling. Boone left the organization, but continued to stay active in the nudist movement by founding the National Nudist Council and starting the magazine S.U.N. (Solair Union Naturisme).
The ASA moved to Orlando, Florida, and then to its present location in Kissimmee, Florida. The organization changed names again in 1995 to its current name of American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR). The organization changed to a one member, one vote election and is now governed by a 10-person board with seven voting trustees and three officers.
Member Associations
The AANR also belongs to several other organizations such as: ARC (American Recreation Coalition), National Association of RV Parks and Campgrounds, and others.
Membership
Clubs
AANR-affiliated (chartered) clubs include both nudist resorts and naturist social clubs that agree to AANR principles and standards. There are a wide range of various types of nudist resorts and clubs affiliated with AANR that are as individual as their members and visitors. They must meet AANR principles and standards and endeavor to provide a friendly, stress free atmosphere where people enjoy social nude recreation with their family and friends. Clubs range from clothing optional to no clothes allowed. Chartered clubs also range from land-based clubs to beach clubs and even travel clubs, known as non-landed (not site-based).
Many AANR-affiliated clubs and resorts are also affiliated with The Naturist Society, and the TNS membership card usually has equal status to the AANR membership card at landed clubs and resorts.
People
Individuals typically become members on an annual basis usually via paid annual memberships at chartered clubs which includes partial fees for AANR membership, although lifetime memberships are also available. There is also a direct membership option through AANR as well as a discount to younger single members. Membership in AANR includes a subscription to The Bulletin, AANR's monthly magazine. The Bulletin contains articles on naturist activities and issues related to naturism. The Bulletin began as an insert in the Sunshine & Health magazine in the 1940s, and became a standalone publication in 1952.
References
Further reading
Clothing free organizations
Naturism in the United States
1931 establishments in the United States
Organizations established in 1931
Non-profit organizations based in the United States |
4032963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Franklin%20Phillips | Charles Franklin Phillips | Charles Franklin Phillips (May 25, 1910 – March 3, 1998) was an American economist who served as the fourth President of Bates College from March 1944 to November 1967. Previous to his assumption of the Bates presidency, he was the deputy administrator of the U.S. Office of Price Administration from March 1937 to July 1941.
Upon being elected the youngest president in Bates history at 34, he increased the student body to 1,004, created the college's study-abroad program, and added $5 million to the endowment, more than quadrupling it. At his death he left $9 million to the college in his will and testament. He was known for employing economic principles of competition and market share when dealing with students which ultimately lead him to be successful institutionally but unpopular with students.
Early life and career
Phillips was born in Nelson, Pennsylvania on May 25, 1910. He went on to earn a bachelor's degree in economics from Colgate University and a Ph.D. from Harvard University. Phillips then went on to teach, research, and write as an economics professor at Colgate. He served as the deputy administrator in the United States Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supplies from March 10, 1937 to July 1, 1941.
He was a full professor at Colgate and a leading economist before coming to Bates.
At age 34, Phillips became the fourth president of Bates College, on March 1, 1944. As president, Phillips initiated the core study program and 3/4 option allowing students to graduate in three years. He also initiated the study abroad program, oversaw the construction of many new buildings at Bates, and had the college's observatory demolished. He is known for initiating the Bates academic program of Education, championing the most traditional strength of the Bates: the liberal arts which featured a core curriculum of liberal arts. He also championed "3/4 option,” permitting a three-year degree from Bates. Phillips expanded the campus with the additions of Memorial Commons (now known as Chase Hall), Health Center, Dana Chemistry Hall, Lane Hall, Page Hall, and Schaeffer Theater.
Death and legacy
Charles Franklin Phillips died on March 3, 1998 in Auburn, Maine.
Upon his death, he and his wife, Evelyn, left $9,000,000 to Bates in his will and testament. This bequest was used to fund the Phillips Fellowships, which are granted to students for research abroad. Phillip's donation is believed to be the largest bequest by an American college president to a college that he did not attend.
See also
History of Bates College
List of Bates College people
References
Further reading
Bates College Mirror 2006 (Lewiston, ME: Bates College, 2006).
1910 births
1998 deaths
American economics writers
Economists from New York (state)
Economics educators
Presidents of Bates College
Colgate University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Colgate University faculty
20th-century American economists
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers |
4032975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Advocate%20%28Contra%20Costa%20College%29 | The Advocate (Contra Costa College) | The Advocate is a student newspaper published at Contra Costa College, a community college in San Pablo, California. The paper is published weekly during the school year and has a circulation of approximately 2,500. An online edition, "cccadvocate," is also published. The current editor in chief is Daniel Hernandez, a Middle College High School student.
Tradition of excellence
The Advocate is one of the most decorated two-year college newspapers in the United States, having won 14 Associated Collegiate Press National Pacemaker Awards since 1990. The newspaper was inducted into the ACP Hall of Fame in 1996, and has been cited by ACP officials as being one of the best examples of small-college journalism.
Advocate reporters and photographers cover the campus, which rests halfway in San Pablo and halfway in Richmond in the East Bay Area. The students cover topics ranging from crime on campus, to student profiles, sports and local entertainment. The tradition of The Advocate has always been to chase news stories and focus on the hard news.
Awards
Associated Collegiate Press National Newspaper Pacemaker Award - 1990, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011
Associated Collegiate Press Best of Show
College Media Association (Pinnacle Award Best Two-Year Newspaper) - 2017, 2018
College Media Association (Pinnacle Award Best Two-Year Media Outlet) - 2018
Associated Collegiate Press Hall Of Fame Members Since 1996
References
External links
The Advocate - official Web site
Newspapers published in the San Francisco Bay Area
Student newspapers published in California |
4032987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Romberger | James Romberger | James Romberger (born 1958) is an American fine artist and cartoonist known for his depictions of New York City's Lower East Side.
Romberger's pastel drawings of the ravaged landscape of the Lower East Side and its citizens are in many public and private collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Brooklyn Museums in New York City. His solo and collaborative exhibitions have appeared at Ground Zero Gallery NY, the Grace Borgenicht Gallery, Gracie Mansion, The Proposition, and the New Museum of Contemporary Art.
Romberger has long contributed work in the comics medium to alternative publications such as World War 3 Illustrated. Ground Zero, his science-fiction strip collaboration with his wife, filmmaker Marguerite Van Cook, was serialized through the 1980s and 1990s in various downtown literary magazines.
His efforts for commercial comics publishers include work for Marvel Comics’s Epic Illustrated, Image Comics' NYC Mech, Paradox Press' Big Book series and Papercutz' Tales from the Crypt. DC/Vertigo published Romberger's work on The Bronx Kill with writer Peter Milligan, the Renegade storyline in Jamie Delano's 2020 Visions and the critically acclaimed Seven Miles A Second Romberger and Van Cook's graphic novel done in collaboration with artist, writer, and AIDS activist David Wojnarowicz which was reissued by Fantagraphics Books in February 2013. Romberger's book "Post York," which included a flexi-disc of a song by Crosby Romberger, was nominated for an Eisner Award in 2013 for Best Single Issue (or One-Shot).
In 2011, "Aaron and Ahmed," a collaboration with MacArthur Prize fellow Jay Cantor, was released by Vertigo/DC Comics.
Romberger is also a critic and writer for Publishers Weekly, The Beat and the comics blog the Hooded Utilitarian.
References
External links
American comics artists
Alternative cartoonists
1958 births
Living people
Artists from New York City
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists |
4032992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%20RC-3%20Seabee | Republic RC-3 Seabee | The Republic RC-3 Seabee is an all-metal amphibious sports aircraft designed by Percival Spencer and manufactured by the Republic Aircraft Corporation.
Design and development
The RC-3 Seabee was designed by Percival Hopkins "Spence" Spencer. An aviation pioneer, he built his first hang glider in April 1911 at the age of 17 from plans he found in a Popular Mechanics magazine. On May 15, 1914, Spencer made his first powered flight in a Curtiss flying boat. In 1937, he joined Sikorsky engineer Vincent A. Larsen to design their first and only amphibious aircraft, the Spencer-Larsen SL-12C. Development of the plane progressed slowly and in September 1940 Spencer left the partnership to form his own company. His resulting design was the Spencer S-12 Air Car Amphibian. Construction of the S-12 began on March 1, 1941 and the small, two-seat S-12 prototype, registered NX29098, made its first flight on August 8, 1941. The S-12 was a fabric covered amphibian with a unique boxlike forward cabin; a high wing with a two-bladed propeller in pusher configuration; and a long, slender tail boom.
In December 1941 Spencer put the Air Car into storage and joined the war effort as a test pilot for the Republic Aircraft Corporation. By 1943, he had flight tested 134 of the company's P-47 Thunderbolts.
In April 1943 Spencer left Republic Aircraft to join the Mills Novelty Company of Chicago, Illinois who wanted to use his Air Car to promote their company. Spencer used the company's wood forming equipment to build a new egg-shaped cabin for the Air Car and began demonstrating the aircraft to his former employers, Republic Aircraft. Seeing the potential of the Air Car as the perfect sports plane for pilots returning from the war, Republic purchased the rights to the Air Car in December 1943 and immediately began development of an all-metal version designated the Model RC-1 Thunderbolt Amphibian. On November 30, 1944 the first RC-1 Thunderbolt Amphibian, registered NX41816, made its first flight with Spencer at the controls.
The aircraft was displayed in St Louis, Missouri in December and by the end of 1944 Republic had received 1,972 civilian orders for the $3,500 airplane. The aircraft was also demonstrated to the U.S. Navy and Army Air Corps. Both services were impressed with the design and on February 19, 1945 the Navy granted Republic Aviation the rights to use the name Seabee for the civilian version. The Army placed a large order for the aircraft, to be used for air-sea rescue operations under the designation OA-15. In September 1945, following VJ Day, both the Army and Navy canceled their orders, which by that time totaled over $20,000,000. The OA-15 Seabee was the last United States Army Air Corps aircraft to use the OA designation, which was dropped when the US Air Force was formed as a separate military branch in 1947.
Military operators included the Israeli Air Force, Paraguayan Navy, the United States Army Air Forces and Republic of Vietnam Air Force.
Production
In order to meet the anticipated postwar demand for civilian light aircraft, Republic endeavored to build the Seabee as inexpensively as possible, while still retaining reasonable performance and range. A lot of thought went into eliminating what were at the time termed as 'airplane frills,' resulting in a strong product built with as few parts as possible. For example, Seabees as built did not have ribs in the wings; instead, the heavy corrugated aluminum sheet which formed the skin provided the necessary stiffness. Republic was also willing to buy components in volume, which lowered costs further.
On November 22, 1945, the prototype RC-3 (NX87451) came off the assembly line at Republic's factory in Farmingdale, New York and on December 1 made its first flight in Farmingdale with Spencer at the controls.
On December 27, 1945, Republic Aviation purchased Aircooled Motors, manufacturers of the Franklin engine, to supply and build engines for the RC-3 Seabee.
In March, 1946, the first production RC-3 Seabee was completed (NC87457, formerly NX87457, and on July 25, 1946 the first Seabee (NC87463, production #13) was delivered at the Republic factory to J.G. (Tex) Rankin of Rankin Aviation Industries of Tulare, California.
In the late 1940s, aircraft manufacturers hoped that military pilots returning from the war would want to continue flying civilian aircraft for pleasure and sport. This never occurred to the extent the companies imagined, as most wartime pilots returned home never to fly again. As a result, many small and optimistic aircraft companies appeared, then quickly disappeared in the immediate postwar years.
On October 4, 1947, Republic Aviation Corp. announced that it was discontinuing production of the RC-3 Seabee amphibian for the personal plane market. Republic President Mundy I. Peale stated: "Due to the need of all Republic's production facilities for the manufacture of other types of airplanes, the company has decided to discontinue production of the Seabee". Actually, by summer (July/August) 1947 the Seabee sales had almost stalled and since June 1947 the production had been put on hold, awaiting further sales. By the end of production a respectable 1,060 Seabees had been built. Though this was far from the 5,000 Seabees per year Republic had hoped to sell, it still represented a significant number of airplanes compared to other struggling aircraft companies of the same era. Only Piper, with their cheap, long-lived Cub and Super Cub, Beech's popular Bonanza, and Cessna's early 140 and 120 light planes would sell in numbers greater than the Seabee. This was due in no small part to the very low price of the Seabee. During production, however, the price of the Seabee would rise from its original $3,500 to $4,495 effective July 15, 1946 and to $6,000 on November 15, 1946. Republic sold its last new Seabee in 1948. By that time the demand for civilian aircraft had shown itself to be far less than anticipated and the company turned its attention back to military contracts, developing the successful F-84 Thunderjet, which was built on the same assembly lines formerly used to build the Seabee.
Operational history
Seabees became popular in Canada and the US and were also well-suited for operation in countries with long coastlines, many islands and lakes and large areas of wilderness. By the time production ended, 108 Seabees had been exported to several countries and dealerships were established in Brazil, Cuba, Panama, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Fiji, New Caledona, South Africa, England, Norway and Sweden.
From the late 1940s and into the 1950s, the Seabee was a popular bush plane and air ambulance in Canada, Norway, Sweden and the USA.
In 2006, over 250 Seabees are still registered and flying, a number that is increasing yearly as new aircraft are assembled from parts and wrecks. A few Seabees are still operating commercially as bush planes and air taxis.
Modifications
Twenty-three Seabees were converted to a twin-engine variant known as the United Consultants Twin Bee with the fitting of two wing-mounted engines driving tractor propellers. The added thrust greatly enhanced the plane's speed, acceleration and capacity.
Modifications to increase the engine size, wingspan, cargo carrying capacity, controls, trim activation, environmental systems, landing light and many others have been available since the early 1970s.
Operators
Civil
The Seabee is popular with air charter companies and small feeder airlines and is operated by private individuals and companies.
Military
Israeli Air Force
101 Squadron
Republic of Vietnam Air Force
Specifications
See also
References
External links
Amphibious aircraft
1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Seabee
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945
Flying boats |
4032995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Presidente%20Per%C3%B3n | Estadio Presidente Perón | The Estadio Presidente Juan Domingo Perón is a multi-use stadium in Córdoba, Argentina. It is currently used primarily for football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 26,535 of which 13,000 are seated and was opened in 1951. It is named after the former Argentine president Juan Perón who loaned the club $1.5 million Pesos during the late 1940s to help build the stadium. The debt was then written off by Arturo Frondizi in 1959. Before the death of Perón in 1974 the stadium was named El Estadio Monumental de Alta Córdoba.
Is the home for the Argentine team Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba
References
Presidente Peron
Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba |
4032996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%20Zhongyi | Lu Zhongyi | Lu Zhongyi (; 18 May 1849 – 26 February 1925) was the seventeenth patriarch of Yiguan Dao (I-Kuan Tao). His religious titles were Tung Li Zu and Jin Gong Zu Shi (金公祖師; Golden Elder). Lu is, according to Yiguan Dao doctrine, the incarnation of Maitreya.
He was born on the 24th day of 4th Lunar month in 1849, in Jining, Shandong province, China. He was said to be illiterate, his father died when he was young, left with his mother and sister Lu ZhongJie. He joined the army at age 22 and became an officer in the Manzhou DongBei (Manchuria) government. In 1895, at the age of 46 he was said to have a dream from God instructing him to become the student of the 16th patriarch Liu Qingxu (Wang Jueyi's successor).
He became the 17th patriarch of Yiguan Dao in 1905 in Qingzhou. Yiguan Dao followers believe that he is the first leader of the "White Sun" Era, the last era of the Three Stages Final Kalpa, thus he is the incarnation of savior Maitreya or Hotei. In 1918, Lu brought I-Kuan Tao to his hometown Jining, within a few years, Lu managed to attract some 25 disciples, among them Zhang Tianran and Sun Suzhen.
Lu died on the 2nd day of the 2nd lunar month in 1925. Thus, Lu's younger sister Lu Zhong Jie (also known as Lao Gu Nai Nai, Mistress of the Old Cave) who was believed to be the incarnation of bodhisattva Guan Yin, took over the leadership for six years.
Zhang Tianran and Sun Suzhen became the successor through spirit writing by the Heavenly Mother. However, the other seven major disciples of Lu once refused his succession. In 1930 Zhang officially was bestowed the leadership as the 18th patriarch of Yiguan Dao in Jinan.
See also
Zhang Tianran
I Kuan Tao
Budai
List of Buddha claimants
References
Thomas DuBois. 2005. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China. University of Hawai'i Press.
David Jordan & Daniel Overmyer. 1985. The Flying Phoenix: Aspects of Chinese Sectarianism in Taiwan. Princeton University Press.
Soo Khin Wah. 1997. A Study of the Yiguan Dao (Unity Sect) and its Development in Peninsular Malaysia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia.
External links
Patriarchs of I Kuan Tao
History of Lu Zhong Yi according to I Kuan Tao
Founding father of I Kuan Tao
1849 births
1925 deaths
I-Kuan Tao Patriarchs
People from Jining |
4033017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genogram | Genogram | A genogram (also known as a McGoldrick–Gerson study, a Lapidus schematic or a family diagram) is a pictorial display of a person's family relationships and medical history. It goes beyond a traditional family tree by allowing the user to visualize hereditary patterns and psychological factors that punctuate relationships. It can be used to identify repetitive patterns of behavior and to recognize hereditary tendencies.
Murray Bowen invented the concept of the genogram as part of his family systems model in the 1970s. Genograms were later developed and popularized in clinical settings by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson through the publication of a book titled Genograms: Assessment and Intervention in 1985. Genograms are now used by various groups of people in a variety of fields such as medicine, psychiatry, psychology, social work, genetic research, education, and many more. Some practitioners in personal and family therapy use genograms for personal records and/or to explain family dynamics to the client. Few if any genealogists use them. More recently there has been an increase in the recognition and use of systemic therapies and methods to augment more traditional behaviour assessment, clinical formulation and case consultation.
Symbols
A genogram is created with simple symbols representing the gender, with various lines to illustrate family relationships. Some genogram users also put circles around members who live in the same living spaces. Genograms can be prepared by using a complex word processor, or a computer drawing program. There are also computer programs that are custom designed for genograms.
Genogram symbols will usually have the date of birth (and date of death if applicable) above, and the name of the individual underneath. The inside of the symbol will hold the person's current age or various codes for genetic diseases or user-defined properties: abortions, still-births, SIDS, cohabitations, etc.
Content
A genogram can contain a wealth of information on the families represented. It will not only show the names of people who belong to a family lineage, but how these relatives relate to each other. For example, a genogram will not only show that a person called Paul and his wife Lily have three children, but that their eldest child was sent to boarding school; that their middle child is always in conflict with her mother; that their youngest has juvenile diabetes; that Paul suffered from depression, was an alcoholic, and a philosopher; and that Lily has not spoken to her brother for years, has breast cancer, and has a history of quitting her jobs.
Family relationships
One of the advantages of a genogram is the ability to use colour-coded lines to define different types of relationships such as family relationships, emotional relationships and social relationships. Within family relationships, you can illustrate if a couple is married, divorced, common-law, engaged, etc.
Emotional relationships
Genograms may also include emotional relationships. These provide an in-depth analysis of how individuals relate to one another. Colour-coded lines represent various emotional relationships that bond individuals together.
Social relationships
Another component of genograms is social relationships. These allow users to link individuals who are not related to one another, but who have a connection in society-at-large, such as neighbor, co-worker, boss-employee, pastor-church member, teacher-student, etc. Social relationships can also illustrate an individual's relation to a social entity. The use of social relationships links allows the genogram to be used in a business environment to create organizational charts or floor plan layouts of the employees.
A genogram looks like a family tree, but with all the different types of relationships, it contains a significantly more detailed and complete picture of the family or group it illustrates.
Purpose
Genealogy
In genealogy, genograms are used to record family history through the lives of each of its members. Genograms allow the genealogist to graphically portray complex family trees that show marriages and divorces, reconstituted families, adoptions, strained relationships, family cohesion, etc. Genealogists can use genograms to discover and analyze interesting facts about their family history, such as a naming pattern, sibling rivalry, or significant events like immigration.
Medicine
In medicine, medical genograms provide a quick and useful context in which to evaluate an individual's health risks. Knowledge of diseases and conditions that occur within a family can give a health care team invaluable information that may aid in a swift, accurate diagnosis and treatment of health problems. And, a knowledge of diseases and illnesses that "run" in families can give individuals an important head start in pursuing effective preventive measures. A medical genogram is helpful in determining patterns of disease or illness within a family. Medical genograms can include many generations, however four generations may prove to be enough detail.
Sociology
Genograms are used by sociologists to gather objective and consistent information from the clients and their family, helping them to view the client's issues in the larger context of their marital relationship, family relationships and culture of origin and underlining key issues to discuss in client counseling. Genograms portray emotional relationships, which allow Sociologists to see and evaluate possible conflicts within the family. Psychological patterns may be detected in the genogram which provide the basis for precautionary and preventive measures that otherwise might not be warranted.
Social work
In social work, genograms are used to display emotional bonds between individuals composing a family or social unit. A genogram will help social workers to make an assessment of the level of cohesiveness within a family or a group and to evaluate if proper care is available within that unit. Genograms also allow displaying social relationships that illustrate the places people attend such as schools, churches, youth facilities, associations or retirement homes.
Family therapy
In family therapy, genograms are used to study and record relationship patterns between family members and the individual characteristics that make up these patterns that occur. A genogram will help family therapists to make an appropriate assessment of the relationship patterns and where intervention may be needed to help the family reduce the dysfunction and/or problematic situation that brought them into therapy.
Research
In research, genograms allow researchers to understand multi generational processes within various plant and animal species, such as the development of mutations. Genograms can also illustrate rates of renewal, mechanisms of survival, or processes involved in the regulation of tolerance, among other things.
Education
In education, genograms can be used by teachers and students for illustrating book reviews, or family trees of a famous politician, philosopher, scientist, musician, etc. They allow them to focus their attention on specific details and also see the big picture of the books and individuals they are studying.
Creating genograms
Genograms can be useful in almost any profession that deals with social interaction. Genograms can help to visualize complex interactions between individuals and to study patterns of behaviors or diseases. Genograms are easily created with genealogy software, as advanced software allows the user to include tremendous amounts of data. Genealogy software also allows the user to create detailed reports containing analysis of the information stored in each person's individual properties. Commercial software, such as Genopro, Genome Analytics and iGenogram for iPad is available to produce genograms, as well as hundreds of different academic and scientific programs for specialized uses. Genograms are often drawn by hand, sketched working right with the client. It is also possible to create a Genogram in any graphics or word processing program.
See also
Ahnentafel
Cousin chart (Table of consanguinity)
Eco-map
Genetic genealogy#Genetic similarity among relatives (for general genetic similarity)
Genealogical numbering systems
Pedigree chart
References
External links
Introduction to genograms
Genogram Analytics, software for genograms and ecomaps
Useful PDF including medical geneogram example
Charts
Psychological tests and scales
Family therapy |
4033021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo%20%28disambiguation%29 | Banjo (disambiguation) | A banjo is a stringed instrument common in folk and popular music.
Banjo may also refer to:
People
Nickname
Terence Bannon (born 1967), Northern Ireland mountaineer and adventurer
Bill Cornett (1890–c. 1959), American traditional folk singer, banjo player and politician
Banjo Matthews (1932–1996), NASCAR driver, car owner and builder
Barney McKenna (1939–2012), Irish musician and a founding member of The Dubliners, nicknamed "Banjo Barney"
Banjo Paterson (1864–1941), Australian poet, journalist and author
Ikey Robinson or Banjo Ikey (1904–1990), American banjoist and vocalist
Surname
Ashley Banjo (born 1988), English street dancer, choreographer and actor
Chris Banjo (born 1990), American National Football League player
Jordan Banjo (born 1992), a British street dancer
Kay Banjo (born 1992), American soccer player
Tunji Banjo (fl. 1977–1982), Nigerian-Irish former footballer
Victor Banjo (1930–1967), Nigerian Army colonel
Stage name
Banjō Ginga, Japanese actor and voice actor Takashi Tanaka (born 1948)
Arts and entertainment
Films
Banjo (1947 film), an American film directed by Richard Fleischer
Banjo (2016 film), an Indian film
the title character of Banjo the Woodpile Cat, a 1979 animated short
Music
"Banjo" (song), by Rascal Flatts from the album Changed
"The Banjo" (song), a 2014 single by Norwegian formation 3LOGY
The Banjo (Gottschalk), an 1853 piano composition by Louis Moreau Gottschalk
Banjo, of the Overflow, an 1892 poem by Australian poet Francis Kenna
Television
"Banjo (Space Ghost Coast to Coast)", an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast
Fictional characters
Banjo, one of two protagonists in the Banjo-Kazooie video game series
Mister Banjo, a recurring enemy of the Marvel Family
Banjo Possum, a minor character in the Tiny Toon Adventures animated television series
Dr. Banjo, a character from the Futurama episode "A Clockwork Origin"
Other uses
Banjo (chocolate bar), a popular British chocolate bar during the 1970s
Egg banjo, a type of fried egg sandwich
Banjo (samba), a musical instrument
Banjo (application), a surveillance app
Banjo (signal), an obsolete railroad signalling device
Banjo (wood lathe), a fixture on a wood-turning lathe
Banjo enclosure, an archaeological feature
Banjo Island, Bermuda
Banjo Awards, presented by the National Book Council of Australia from 1974 to 1997 for both fiction and non-fiction
Banjo ray, another name for the fiddler ray (Trygonorrhina)
Battle of Banjo, a First World War battle in Africa
Japanese gunboat Banjō, a warship of the early Imperial Japanese Navy
A slang term for the Australian $10 note because one side has a picture of Banjo Paterson
A dinosaur specimen of the genus Australovenator
A typeface from French foundry Deberny & Peignot
See also
Banjos banjos or banjofish, a species of fish
Lists of people by nickname |
4033025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion%20Aleksandar%20Shalamanov | Stadion Aleksandar Shalamanov | Stadion Aleksandar Shalamanov () is a multi-purpose stadium in the Slavia district of Sofia, Bulgaria named after the football legend Aleksandar Shalamanov. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of the local football club PFC Slavia Sofia. The stadium has a seating capacity of 25,556 and is one of the biggest sport facilities in Bulgaria.
The stadium is part of a multifunctional sport complex, which includes two football training grounds, one multi-purpose indoor hall and an ice-hockey arena with a capacity of 2,000 spectators.
Also, as of 2009, the Bulgaria national under-21 football team plays some of its home matches at this stadium.
In April 2014, a contract for building a new stadium to replace the old one was signed between PFC Slavia and the German company IFS. The capacity shall be expanded to 24,000, with an option for 33,000 spectators for major events. The deal was co-signed by the Bulgarian Football Union. The national teams shall be obliged to play their host matches at the new stadium. Also, the football union will bid with this stadium for a standard package of Euro 2020 matches.
On 25 October 2021, a day after Slavia's legend Aleksandar Shalamanov died, the team announced that the stadium would be renamed in his honour and would take the name Aleksandar Shalamanov Stadium.
Old Slavia Stadium
The original home ground of Slavia was located just to the northwest of Ruski Pametnik near the center of Sofia. It was built in the mid-1920s and demolished in the late 1940s.
References
Football venues in Bulgaria
Sports venues in Sofia
Multi-purpose stadiums in Bulgaria
Stadium |
4033030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%20Motohashi | Mari Motohashi | is a Japanese curler.
Career
Motohashi was a member of Team Aomori which represented Japan at two Winter Olympics (2006 and 2010). She threw second stones for Ayumi Onodera at the 2006 Winter Olympics, finishing 7th, and played second for Moe Meguro at the 2010 Winter Olympics, finishing 8th. She skipped the Japan team at the 2002 World Junior Curling Championships, finishing last. She has also played for Japan at five World Curling Championships: 2004 (7th), 2005 (9th), 2007 (9th), 2008 (4th) & 2010 (11th).
After playing for the Meguro rink from 2007 to 2010, Motohashi began skipping her own team. She has yet to represent Japan internationally as a skip on the senior level.
On the World Curling Tour, Motohashi won the 2007 Meyers Norris Penny Charity Classic and the 2009 Twin Anchors Invitational while playing for Meguro, and later skipped her own rink to win the 2014 Avonair Cash Spiel.
Founded own rink "Loco Solare", a.k.a. "LS Kitami" in her hometown Tokoro, Kitami in Aug. 2010.
The team members are all local members but achieved international success as the 2nd place in the 2016 World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current.
Motohashi was part of the Japanese team that won the 2018 Olympics women curling bronze medal.
In June 2018, Motohashi announced that she would rest for a while from a top curling player and concentrate on training young players.
In 2021, she took over the Miki Hayashi rink as their skip.
Personal life
Motohashi graduated from Nippon Sport Science University. Her nickname is 'Marilyn' named after her given name.
Holding Teacher's License for Junior High School - Grade 2 in Japan (health and physical training).
She was awarded as an honorary citizen of Kitami City.
Teammates
Grand Slam record
Former events
References
External links
Curling Athlete Profile: Mari MOTOHASHI - Pyeongchang 2018
MariLog: Official blog by Mari Motohashi (in Japanese)
Loco Solare, a.k.a. LS Kitami: Official site (in Japanese)
Japanese female curlers
Living people
1986 births
People from Kitami, Hokkaido
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic curlers of Japan
Continental Cup of Curling participants
Asian Games medalists in curling
Curlers at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Universiade medalists in curling
Curlers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in curling
Pacific-Asian curling champions
Universiade bronze medalists for Japan
Competitors at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Medalists at the 2007 Winter Universiade
20th-century Japanese women
21st-century Japanese women |
4033044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradski%20stadion%20%28Ruse%29 | Gradski stadion (Ruse) | Gradski stadion (, ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Ruse, Bulgaria. It is used for football matches and concerts. It hosts the home games of Dunav Ruse and Lokomotiv Ruse. The stadium holds a capacity of 13,000 spectators, of which 2,000 places are designated for away fans.
Renovations
2013
The stadium was renovated in early 2013, as navy-blue seats were put on the main seven sectors. In December, roof covers were added over the main stand.
2017
Following Dunav's promotion to Bulgarian First League in 2016, the stadium was renovated to meet the licensing criteria of the Bulgarian Football Union. A new drainage system and an automatic watering system were installed, the renovation also included replacing the grass surface of the stadium and constructing floodlights. On the 24th of April, the Bulgarian Football Union licensed the stadium. Prior to the event, Dunav played their home matches on Ludogorets Arena in Razgrad, Bulgaria.
References
FC Dunav Ruse
Football venues in Bulgaria
Multi-purpose stadiums in Bulgaria
Buildings and structures in Ruse, Bulgaria |
4033054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%20T.%20Caperton | Allen T. Caperton | Allen Taylor Caperton (November 21, 1810 – July 26, 1876) was an American politician who was a United States senator from the State of West Virginia in 1875–1876. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He had served in the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia State Senate before the American Civil War. During the Civil War, he served as a Confederate States Senator.
Early life
Caperton, son of Hugh Caperton and Jane Erskine, was born near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia (now West Virginia) on November 21, 1810. At the age of 14, he traveled by horseback to Huntsville, Alabama, to attend school. He later graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, then graduated from Yale College in 1832. He studied law in Staunton, Virginia, was admitted to the bar and practiced law. He was married to Harriett Echols.
Political career
Caperton served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1841–1842. He was elected a member of the Virginia Senate in 1844, and served until 1848. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates again from 1857 to 1861. In 1850 he was a delegate to the State constitutional convention. In 1861, he was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention.
During the Civil War, he was elected by the legislature of Virginia to be a member of the Confederate States Senate in which he served until 1865.
After the war, he was the first ex-Confederate elected to the United States Senate, entering office as a Democrat from West Virginia and served from March 4, 1875, until his death in Washington, D.C., July 26, 1876. He was interred in Green Hill Cemetery, Union, West Virginia.
His residence near Union, West Virginia, "Elmwood," was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
References
Retrieved on March 23, 2009
External links
|-
1810 births
1876 deaths
Confederate States of America senators
19th-century American politicians
Democratic Party United States senators from West Virginia
People from Union, West Virginia
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
People of West Virginia in the American Civil War
Virginia lawyers
West Virginia Democrats
Virginia Secession Delegates of 1861
Caperton family of Virginia and West Virginia
Yale College alumni
University of Virginia alumni
West Virginia lawyers |
4033073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid%20Shiroudi%20Stadium | Shahid Shiroudi Stadium | The Shahid Shiroudi Stadium () formerly known as Amjadiyeh Stadium is a sports stadium in Tehran, Iran. It is currently used for athletics and held football matches until 2009.
The stadium is able to seat 30,000 people and was opened in 1942. It was called Amjadieh Stadium () until the Iranian Revolution.
In September 2015 it was announced the stadium and the complex would undergo a massive renovation.
History
The stadium is one of the oldest sports stadiums in Iran. It was built in 1942 and was located in North of Tehran at the time of opening, while it is now in center of Tehran. The stadium has played host to many sporting, cultural, and national events as well as political meetings. Ever since Iran national football team was formed, they played their home matches in Amjadieh Stadium before Aryamehr Stadium was constructed. It was also home to Taj S.C. (Esteghlal F.C.) and Persepolis F.C. before Azadi Stadium was built. It was also home to Shahin F.C. before and after the Iranian Revolution.
It has also hosted the 1968 AFC Asian Cup finals. The Asian Club Championship was also held in Amjadieh Stadium in 1970. Additionally, Amjadieh stadium along with Aryamehr Stadium and Apadana Stadium (under the name of Persepolis stadium) was the host of preliminary round of the football matches at the 1974 Asian Games. The stadium has also been the venue for the AFC Youth Championship 2000.
Cultural, political and military operations
During the Coronation of the Mohammad Reza Shah and the Shahbanou of Iran in 1967, many events took place in Amjadieh Stadium, including the Coronation Parade.
The stadium was to be the final departing site for Operation Eagle Claw, the aborted mission to rescue 52 American hostages being held in Tehran during the Iran Hostage Crisis. The proposed extraction would have involved a rescue force being transported to the embassy, releasing the hostages, and then escorting the hostages across the main road in front of the embassy to the stadium, where helicopters would have retrieved the entire contingent.
On February 24, 1981, the Mojahedin-e-Khalq party held its public meeting in Tehran at the Amjadieh Stadium, around 40,000 people attended.
Naming
The stadium was named after Shahid Ali Akbar Shiroodi, a Cobra helicopter pilot who was killed in the Iran–Iraq War.
Gallery
References
Football venues in Iran
Sports venues in Tehran
AFC Asian Cup stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Iran
Sports venues completed in 1939
1939 establishments in Iran
Asian Games football venues |
4033074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Rhys%2C%209th%20Baron%20Dynevor | Richard Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor | Richard Charles Uryan Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor (19 June 1935 – 12 November 2008) was a British peer.
He was educated at Eton and at Magdalene College, Cambridge. In 1959 he married Lucy Catherine King, the only daughter of Sir John Knewstub Maurice Rothenstein CBE. They had one son and three daughters. The marriage was dissolved in 1978. His chief interest lay in The Black Raven Press of which he was a director.
In 1962 Lord Dynevor inherited the remaining holdings of the Llandeilo Estate, comprising 23 farms, and 2,000 acres (8 km2), a ruined castle, a deer park with a herd of rare long horned white cattle, and a substantial death duties bill. The death duties were owed on both the 7th and 8th Barons.
Attempts were made to save the patrimony but eventually the castle was sold to a private buyer in 1974. The National Trust bought the deer park and the outer park at Dinefwr in 1987. Newton House was purchased by the Trust in 1990 having been through several hands since first sold by Lord Dynevor in 1974. It was in a very poor state of repair. The East Drive was acquired in 1992. The Home Farm was acquired in 2002. Cadw and the National Trust now control the estate of some 700 acres (3 km2).
References
Rees, Thomas; “The Beauties of England and Wales”, 1815. Reprinted in A Carmarthenshire Anthology, edited by Lyn Hughes, Christopher Davies, 1985
1935 births
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
2008 deaths
09
Richard |
4033078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takhti%20Stadium%20%28Ahvaz%29 | Takhti Stadium (Ahvaz) | The Takhti Stadium of Ahvaz () is a multi-purpose stadium in Ahvaz, Iran. It is currently used mostly for football and rugby matches. The stadium is able to hold 15,000 people. It is currently home venue of Esteghlal Ahvaz.
History
The stadium was built in 1978, there have been many disputes as to the name of Takhti Stadium. The argument being that it would have been prevalent to have named the stadium after talented players produced by Ahvaz itself.
The stadium had been the home of both Esteghlal Ahvaz and Foolad in past years. Foolad was relegated in 2007, they were as such not allowed to play all the matches in this stadium. In 2013 Foolad permanently moved to a much bigger Ghadir Stadium. The stadium was renovated in summer 2012 and then, Esteghlal Khuzestan purchased its rights with a contract until 2014.
Location
The stadium is 6 km from the center of city of Ahvaz. Takhti Stadium is 1.5 meters (5 ft) below sea level.
References
Football venues in Iran
Multi-purpose stadiums in Iran
Sport in Ahvaz
Buildings and structures in Khuzestan Province
1984 establishments in Iran
Sports venues completed in 1984
Esteghlal Ahvaz F.C. |
4033080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takhti%20Stadium%20%28Tehran%29 | Takhti Stadium (Tehran) | Takhti Tehran () is a multi-purpose stadium, located in Eastern Tehran, Iran. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is able to hold 30,122 people and was opened in 1973. Recently, Takhti Stadium has been brought back to life. It has been given a new grass field and seats. Takhti Stadium is home venue of Saipa F.C. Takhti Stadium is the first covered stadium in Iran. It is named after Gholamreza Takhti.
History
Takhti Stadium is the fifth big stadium that was built in East Tehran. This stadium was built to use for 1974 Asian Games and is part of Takhti Sport Complex. The stadium's building progress was started in June 1968 and Iranian-Italian architect, Jahangir Darvish was responsible for the project. It was opened on 3 June 1973 and was named Farah Stadium in honor of Farah Pahlavi, Iran's ex-empress. Almost two years after the Munich Olympic Stadium opened in 1968 to host the 1972 Summer Olympics, International Journal of skeletons Baucn und wohncn paper wrapping published an article about Takhti Stadium and named the stadium as one of the most modern stadiums in the world. Takhti Sport Complex is currently the second best in facilities in Tehran after Azadi Sport Complex.
Building
The stadium is on the crest of Farah and stadium is a logo of Farah's crown. Grandstands also is based from crown's logo. It is also similar to Munich Olympic Stadium. The stadium is the first that used cable system for its coverage. The general idea of plan is designed to a horseshoe stadium so that all viewers are on the one hand and the West and to the North and the South to continue with minimal space. Underlying cause maximum holding time from 2 pm onwards that all viewers Tournament match up against the sun as much as possible and be on equal terms. On the other hand, this solution will enable to display Nmabshat national and field competitions in the East as a night scene can be enormous. The main objective was to design a cover for the viewers as almost more than 2/3 (two thirds) of the shadow of the cable shield to the project. The geometric skeleton of a horse saddle is covered. 2 - Coverage of the rigid concrete stadium and attached to the side of the other side as a domestic non-rigid composite cable is inhibited. In this series, sports such as athletics, cycling and tennis is played. Also, in the halls, multi-purpose sports complex activities, such as bodybuilding (women and men), volleyball, basketball, soccer and gymnastics training to be done. With a capacity of 35,000 football pitches for official matches, 12 earth, and six pitches for local matches, artificial grass and pool and sauna is considered.
Events
The stadium was used during 1974 Asian Games as the second venue. It was also hosted Iran national football team matches in group and semi-finals matches of 2008 West Asian Football Federation Championship. 2010 Islamic Solidarity Games was planned to be held at this stadium but the tournament was cancelled.
The final match of Hazfi Cup in 2014–15 season took place in this stadium on 1 June 2015. During this match Zob Ahan won their third title after defeating Naft Tehran.
2008 WAFF matches
References
External links
Official website of the Takhti Tehran Sports Complex
Sports venues in Tehran
Football venues in Iran |
4033086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut-Olaf%20Haustein | Knut-Olaf Haustein | Knut-Olaf Haustein (20 September 1934 – 10 February 2006) was a German physician best known for his work studying the effects of tobacco smoking.
References
Haustein K-O (2002). Tobacco or Health? Physiological and Social Damages Caused by Tobacco Smoking Springer,
Knut-Olaf Haustein curriculum vitae (in German)
1934 births
2006 deaths
German pulmonologists |
4033089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayseri%20Atat%C3%BCrk%20Stadium | Kayseri Atatürk Stadium | Kayseri Atatürk Stadium, opened in 1964, was a multi-purpose stadium in Kayseri, Turkey. It was mainly used for football matches, and was shared by the two largest clubs in the region, Kayserispor who currently play in the Turkcell Super League and Kayseri Erciyesspor who were last season relegated into the Turkish Second Division. The stadium was able to hold 26,500 people, and was mostly uncovered.
During a match between Kayseri Erciyesspor and Sivasspor on September 17, 1967, it was the location of the worst sporting-related disaster occurred in Turkey.
In 2009, it was replaced by Kadir Has Stadium, located on a different site with a capacity in excess of 32,000 seats. Kayseri Atatürk Stadium was demolished and its land will host a multi-use real estate project, including a shopping mall, hotel, offices, and residential buildings.
References
External links
Various photos of the stadium
Football venues in Turkey
Defunct sports venues in Turkey
Demolished buildings and structures in Turkey
Sports venues completed in 1964
Sports venues demolished in 2009
Sport in Kayseri
Multi-purpose stadiums in Turkey
Defunct association football venues in Turkey
Süper Lig venues |
4033096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20My%20Mind%20%28Heather%20Headley%20album%29 | In My Mind (Heather Headley album) | In My Mind is the second studio album by Trinidadian-American singer Heather Headley. It was first released by RCA Records on January 31, 2006 in the United States. The album was delayed due to the Sony BMG merger, and Headley jokingly stated that it should be titled Caught Up. Headley worked with a variety of high-profile R&B and hip hop producers such as Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Ne-Yo, Warryn Campbell, and Lil’ Jon on the album.
In My Mind debuted at number five on the US Billboard 200 and number one on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums with first-week sales of 95,000 copies. On May 17, 2006, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album gold for shipments of 500,000 units within the United States.
Critical reception
In his review for Allmusic, editor Andy Kellman wrote that "fans of mature R&B who were won over by Heather Headley's 2002 debut, This Is Who I Am, will hear much to like in her follow-up. Headley by and large proceeds with an "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" policy. She does sound more assured, which only works to her advantage with the mostly elegant and very musical set of arrangements that she fronts. Though the hooks aren't as immediate as what can be heard on Top 40 radio, the relationship insights and the manner in which they're compellingly conveyed are more than a fair trade-off." Mike Joseph from PopMatters found that "hearing love song after cheating song after being cheated on song makes In My Mind the textbook definition of a generic 'adult' R&B diva album [...] The problem that plagues Headley is the same problem that has plagued many an R&B singer over tim: She's only as good as her material lets her be."
Track listing
Notes
signifies an additional producer
Samples
"I Didn't Mean To" contains samples from Helen Reddy's "I Didn't Mean to Love You", written by Artie Butler, and Karen Philipp.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2006 albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Albums produced by Lil Jon
Albums produced by Warryn Campbell
Heather Headley albums
RCA Records albums |
4033098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Hedley%20Reynolds | Thomas Hedley Reynolds | Thomas Hedley Reynolds (November 23, 1920 – September 22, 2009) was an American historian and university professor who served as the fifth President of Bates College from March 1967 to November 1989.
His presidency was marked with a renewed focus on academic rigor with the expansion of professor salaries and exacting institutional standards for graduation. Reynolds lead the college through the 1960s and 1970s with expansive integration of feminism, anti-war ideology, and the civil rights movement into the Bates community. The college became known for its academic standards and socially liberal tendencies. During his presidency he diversified the student body and eliminated standardized test scores.
Life and career
Thomas Reynolds was born in New York to Wallace and Helen (Hedley) Reynolds. He attended The Browning School in New York City and graduated from Deerfield Academy in 1938. Reynolds earned a B.A. in political science from Williams College in 1942 and then a Master's (1947) and Ph.D. (1953) in American history from Columbia University.
During World War II, Reynolds served as a tank commander in Europe and received various decorations for his service. After obtaining a Ph.D., Reynolds became an author and history professor at Middlebury College before becoming president of Bates College.
Reynolds was elected the fifth president of Bates College in Lewiston, Maine on March 1, 1967. His presidency was marked with an increased faculty number as well as dramatically increased salary levels. He also improved gender equity within the administration of the college. Reynolds diversified the student body, eliminated standardized test scores, and constructed Ladd Library and the Olin Arts Center. Reynolds also introduced the short-term into the academic calendar.
He frequently joined in on student protests against the Vietnam War and in support for the civil rights movement.
After the college's students established "Newman Day" He received a letter from Paul Newman that denounced the tradition, personally asking him to institutionally bar the activity.
Reynolds retired from the Bates presidency on November 1, 1989.
Death and legacy
Thomas Hedley Reynold died on September 22, 2009 in Lewiston, Maine. The Thomas Hedley Reynolds history professorship was endowed in Reynold's honor.
See also
History of Bates College
List of Bates College people
References
Further reading
Bates College Mirror 2006 (Lewiston, ME: Bates College, 2006).
2009 deaths
Columbia University alumni
20th-century American educators
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
Middlebury College faculty
Williams College alumni
Presidents of Bates College
United States Army personnel of World War II
1920 births
Browning School alumni
Deerfield Academy alumni
Historians from New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers |
4033102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Chester | Eric Chester | Eric Thomas Chester is an American author, socialist political activist, and former economics professor.
Early life
Born in New York City, he is the son of Harry (an economist on the research staff of the United Auto Workers) and Alice (a psychiatrist né Fried) Chester. His parents were socialist activists from Vienna. They were forced to flee Austria after the Nazis invaded in February 1938, both because of their political activities and because they were Jewish.
Since the UAW is based in Detroit, Michigan, Chester spent much of his youth in the Detroit area.
Student activist
Chester attended the University of Michigan from 1964 to 1973, receiving a BA and a PhD in economics. He joined the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) soon after coming to Ann Arbor.
In the spring of 1965 he was among those answering the call of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), going to Montgomery, Alabama, to demonstrate against Alabama's segregationist policies and the federal government’s unwillingness to end these policies. Later that summer he once again answered the call, going to Jackson, Mississippi, in support of people struggling against the segregationist policies of Mississippi. He spent 10 days in the Hinds County jail, in Mississippi.
In October 1965 he was arrested in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the first draft board sit-in as part of one of the first acts of civil disobedience against the American government's warfare against the people of Viet Nam. He served 15 days in the Washtenaw County Jail.
He was one of several students who were reclassified for immediate induction into the army because of their participation in the sit-in. A landmark decision by the U. S. 2nd Circuit Court ruled that the draft could not be used to punish protestors.
Chester helped to form the Radical Independent Party in Ann Arbor in 1970. RIP elected two members to the Ann Arbor City Council in April 1972. It later merged into the Michigan Human Rights Party (United States).
Career and later activism
Chester moved to Boston, Mass in 1973. He taught economics at the University of Massachusetts-Boston from 1973-1978, where he helped to organize the faculty-staff union, an affiliate of the National Education Association. He was also active in the New American Movement during this period.
In 1978, Chester moved to Berkeley California. He taught as an adjunct for a semester at San Francisco State University. He worked as a cab driver in San Francisco, where he became involved in protests by drivers opposed to a substantial increase in the number of cabs on the street. The protests won a significant roll-back.
Chester joined the Socialist Party USA in 1980. He was the Socialist Party USA's candidate for Vice President in 1996. He campaigned for the Socialist Party USA's presidential nomination for the 2000, 2004 and 2008 elections, but lost to David McReynolds, Walt Brown and Brian Moore respectively.
Chester returned to Boston in 1986. He was an active member of the Boston area Industrial Workers of the World.
He moved to Montague, Mass in 1999 where he was active in the Socialist Party of Massachusetts (Western Mass Local). He twice ran for Congress from Massachusetts's First Congressional District, in 2002 and 2006.
Chester moved to Washington’s Olympic Peninsula in the fall of 2007. He was active in protests against the Border Patrol’s decision to set up roadblocks along the only highway in the area.
Scotland and beyond
Chester moved to Glasgow, Scotland, UK, in the fall of 2009 and stayed until the summer of 2021. He was actively involved in the Scottish Peace Network. He took part in protests against an arms fair being held in a venue controlled by Glasgow City Council. Following the protests, the City Council decided that it would carefully consider whether to permit future arms fairs in their venues.
Chester was also active in the Clydeside IWW General Membership Branch and the Spirit of Revolt, an archive for documents produced by Glasgow anarchist and libertarian socialist activists.
He moved to Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in August 2021. He rejoined the Socialist Party USA and is active in the local group.
Political perspective
Following the principles and ideas of Eugene V. Debs and Rosa Luxemburg, Chester describes himself as a revolutionary democratic socialist. He remains impressed by the example set by the Wobblies in their heyday. He advocates uniting the radical and revolutionary movements into an organization that can challenge and transform the global capitalist system.
Publications and research
In his research, Chester seeks "to probe beneath the surface", while keeping in mind that "the goals and actions of decision makers, as well as their envoys, are frequently in marked contrast to their public statements." His work relies heavily on primary archival sources.
He has published seven books. Two of the first four, Covert Network and The U. S. Intervention in the Dominican Republic, looked at "the connections between U.S. foreign policy and social democrats.” during the Cold War.
The remaining two books of the first four, Socialists and the Ballot Box and True Mission, looked into U. S. socialist history. A specific focus was the need for a socialist politics entirely independent of the two mainstream parties.
The last three books arose out of a single research project, examining the suppression of dissent during the First World War. The books are The Wobblies in Their Heyday, Yours for Industrial Freedom, an IWW anthology, and Free Speech. A final forthcoming book in this series will focus on the repression of progressives during this same period.
Books
Free Speech and the Suppression of Dissent During World War I, , Monthly Review Press, 2020.
Yours for Industrial Freedom, , Levellers Press, 2018.
The wobblies in their heyday : the rise and destruction of the industrial workers of the world during the World War I era, paperback ed., , Levellers Press, 2016.
True Mission: Socialists and the Labor Party Question in the U.S., , Pluto Press, 2004.
Rag-Tags, Scum, Riff-Raff and Commies: The U.S. Intervention in the Dominican Republic, 1965–1966, , New York University Press, 2001.
Covert Network: Progressives, the International Rescue Committee, and the CIA, , M. E. Sharpe, 1995.
Socialists and the Ballot Box, , Praeger Publishers, 1985.
Articles
The Lure of the Labor Party, May 1, 2022, The Socialist, https://www.socialistmag.org/
Traitors, Spies and Military Tribunals: The Assault on Civil Liberties During World War I, Winter 2013 New Politics Vol. XIV No. 2, Whole Number 54)
The Danish General Strike, Anarcho-Syndicalist Review, #25, Summer, 1999.
Revolutionary socialism and the dictatorship of the proletariat, Critique, v17, n 1, 83-89, 1989.
The Chilean Left, Resist Newsletter #189, Somerville, MA, Oct. 1986.
The popular front and the UAW, Against the Current, vol 2, no 2 Spring 1985, p 48-54.
Revolutionary Socialists and Independent Political Action, Against the Current, Winter 1982.
Electoral systems and political parties, Insurgent Sociologist, Volume: 10, issue: 1, page(s): 27-31, July 1, 1980.
Military spending and capitalist stability, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Volume 2, Issue 3, September 1978, Pages 293–298.
History of the Ann Arbor Sit In, New Left Notes, Vol 1, no 2, January 28, 1966, p. 3. https://www.sds-1960s.org/NewLeftNotes-vol1-no02.pdf
Interviews
“What’s up, Comrades?” Red Library talks to Eric Chester about “Free Speech & the Suppression of Dissent During WWI” (1:48:11), Monthly Review,Oct 18, 2020. https://monthlyreview.org/press/whats-up-comrades-red-library-talks-to-eric-chester-about-free-speech-the-suppression-of-dissent-during-wwi/
External links
New Politics https://newpol.org/authors/chester-eric/
See also
2006 Massachusetts general election
2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
1996 United States presidential election
References
American anti-war activists
Economists from New York (state)
21st-century American historians
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4033103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Mathieu | Georges Mathieu | Georges Mathieu (27 January 1921 – 10 June 2012) was a French abstract painter, art theorist, and member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He is considered one of the fathers of European lyrical abstraction, a trend of informalism.
Biography
Early life and education
Mathieu was born in 1921 in Boulogne-sur-Mer. His father, Adolphe Georges Mathieu, was employed as a bank manager at Barclays. His mother, Madeleine Durpé, taught him drawing as a child. The family lived near the ramparts of the city at 38 Boulevard du Prince Albert. In 1933 Mathieu's parents divorced and he was placed in the care of his aunt at Versailles.
From 1927 to 1933, he attended a variety of schools in Boulogne-sur-Mer and later in Lycée Hoche in Versailles. Thereafter, he studied English and law at the University of Lille.
Mathieu obtained a position as an English teacher in 1942 at the lycée of Douai in the north of France. During the ensuing years he held several jobs, serving as an interpreter for the American Army in Cambrai in 1944, teaching in the American University of Biarritz, and teaching at Istres during years 1945-46.
In 1942, he executed figurative paintings of England from postcards as a hobby (Oxford Street By Night). Later during year 1944, he began his reflection on aesthetics held by the following concept: painting does not need to represent to exist. This revelation originates from the readings of Edward Crankshaw and his interpretation of the work of Joseph Conrad as an abstract literature. Consequently, he executed his first non-figurative painting, Inception.
United States Lines
In 1947, he settled in Paris, employed the American Express, and rented a chambre de bonne near the Luxembourg Palace.
Mathieu then worked for the United States Lines in charge of public relations on the line between New York City and Le Havre: his function was to welcome and accompany the travelers during their move between Le Havre and Paris. This position was an opportunity for Mathieu to reach a prestigious clientele, and form his first network of potential customers. He meets Salvador Dalí for the first time on his occasion.
From 1953 to 1963, he was proposed to be the editor-in-chief of the United States Lines Paris Revue. With a print run of 15000 copies, this yearly journal is distributed for free until 1963 : it gave Mathieu the opportunity to interview celebrities of the time, from the artistic (John Cage, Pierre Boulez, Mark Tobey, Henry Miller) and scientific scene (Albert Einstein, Norbert Wiener, Oskar Morgenstern).
First exhibitions
In 1946, his first abstract paintings were featured at the Salon des moins de 30 ans exhibition in Paris. He founded the first artistic group L’Imaginaire with Wols, Jean-Michel Atlan, Hartung, Bryen, Riopelle and exposes with fourteen painters at the Galerie du Luxembourg on 16 December 1947. The exhibition was called Towards Lyrical Abstraction, but the title was later changed because of the presence of works of Pablo Picasso and Jean Arp. The same year, he exposes at the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles and at the Salon des Surindépendants.
The group is later expanded, with Michel Tapié, Picabia and François Stahly to form H.W.P.S.M.T.B., exposing at the Galerie Allendy. He promoted an art free from the constraints of figurative paintings and defining the concept of Lyrical Abstraction.
In 1948, he put in place the first confrontation between American and French avant-garde painters : on this occasion he revealed the importance of the American abstraction of Jackson Pollock and Alton Tobey to the French audience.
He painted his first large canvases as soon as 1952.
Recognition
From 1957 he traveled and painted in Japan, USA and in 1959 in Brazil, Argentina and Middle-East. Restropectives of his work started as early as 1959.
Mathieu and Simon Hantaï held a series of conferences called the Cérémonies commémoratives de la seconde condamnation de Siger de Brabant in 1957. During three weeks, various debates questioned the foundations of western civilisations, the role of the great men and revolutions that shaped the western culture from the Edict of Milan in 313 up to the contemporary breakthroughs in physics and philosophy. Many scholars like essayist T.S. Eliot, philosopher Stéphane Lupasco and scientists took a stand at these conferences. The event was named after the philosopher Siger de Brabant, who played a key role in the 13th-century.
In 1965, Mathieu exposed a hundred paintings at the Galerie Charpentier. He executed for this event Paris, Capitale des Arts, a giant canvas featuring primary colors on a blue background. Today, Galerie Charpentier's walls house the headquarters of Sotheby's France, rue Faubourg Saint-Honoré in Paris.
A great retrospective at the Grand Palais opened in 1978 and covered the fifteen last years of his production. Seven six meters wide paintings, executed from January to March 1978, were made especially for the occasion.
He received the Legion of Honour and is Commander of Arts and Letters. Mathieu's works now appears worldwide in more than 90 museums.
Academie des Beaux-Arts
In 1976 he became a member of the Academie des Beaux-Arts and was delivered the seat number 7 of the painting section.
Commitment for public culture and education
Mathieu advocated for the embellishment of cities, the improvement of the design of everyday objects and the debasement of culture organised by mass medias. He made influential contributions to decorative arts, craftsmanship and architecture.
Concurrently, he rose up against the weak presence of arts in national education and defended the introduction of compulsory art courses in French schools, covering history of arts, practice of sensitivity and exercise of arts (drawing, sculpture, music, singing). He finally initiated political workgroups with Pierre Dehaye in 1980 to reform the cultural education at the French ministry of education and submitted a bill presented to the French parliament. The bill was refused in 1980, for lack of proper financial support.
He died on 10 June 2012 at 91 years old in Boulogne-Billancourt and lies in the Montmartre Cemetery in Paris.
Conception of lyrical abstraction
From 1947 Mathieu published several manifestos to define his conception of a lyrical abstraction. In particular, he postulates four conditions that characterizes the movement:
Primacy of speed of execution : speed prevails to avoid the interference of consciousness of the artist.
No preexisting shapes : the painter must not rely on any reference at all.
No premeditated moves from the artist : painting is not a cognitive process.
Ecstatic state of mind of the artist : isolation and concentration of the artist help release.
Mathieu positions its work, and more generally lyrical abstraction, as the latest of all cyclical transitions to happen in history of art. Each transition concerns a specific painting characteristic : shape, color, signification of signs, ...). One full transition can be broken down into six different stages, according to the intensity of the alteration of the considered painting characteristic.
Mathieu reacted consistently against greco-Latin classicism, Renaissance's legacy and all forms of later geometric abstraction. He considers lyrical abstraction as the latest revolution to happen in the history of arts : freed from realism by Impressionism, from shapes by Cubism, from representation of perceptible reality by geometric abstraction, art experiences the liberation of the all its past references from nature. From his reflexion he develops his own expression of a lyrical abstraction : "Henceforth in the history of shapes as in the history of the world, the sign precedes its meaning".
Thus, Mathieu considered later art movements as Dadaism, Nouveau réalisme, Arte Povera as a relapse, because they appeal to representations of visible real. In addition, he criticized them for their so-called nihilist dimension, as their interpretation does not call on human sensibility.
Fine arts works
Public performance and precursor of the happenings
Mathieu tried to move the artist and the observer closer. He often performed in front of an audience : "Few understood that painting in public represents for me a true communion amongst men". These happenings outlined the virtuosity and speed of his gestures. In 1956 was painted in front of 2000 people at the théatre Sarah Bernard Hommage aux poètes du monde entier, a 400x1200cm canvas using more than 800 paint tubes. Many of his performances were filmed, as in 1963 for the Canadian television.
"The most important moments are clearly when I paint in public. In fact, this process, without me being aware of it, works in a mediumistic way to heighten the concentration of the situation. As a result, concentration is the decisive element that separates this type of art from all other art the West has known over the past twenty centuries… It is the joy of communion with the other. A little like what happens in love. What defines love is this tension between two beings with a shared focus. If it were just a simple attraction between two people, it would have none of the grandeur."
He also worked with sculpture and performed light painting.
Painting technique and execution
Mathieu handled brushes, flannels or painted directly out of the tube. He pioneered dripping techniques in some of his early works, as in Evanescence 1945).
His speed of execution very quickly became his signature style. In 1959 he painted the 2.5x6 metre painting Le Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy (The Saint-Bartholomew's Day Massacre) in less than half an hour, accompanied by the jazz drummer Kenny Clarke. "I did not paint fast by lack of time or to break records, but simply because I did not need more time to do what I had to do and conversely, a longer time would have slowed down gesture, introducing doubts, would have affected the purity of strokes, the cruelty of shapes, the unity of the artwork."
He occasionally wore outfits during his performances. He painted most of his major works and wrote most of his essays on Sundays.
Mathieu rapidly explored giant-sized canvases. "I love to paint excessively large paintings, because the risk is hereby higher". Furthermore, it allowed him to exploit graphical effects of centrifugal forces applied by wide gestures on the paint.
Evolution of the style
Informalism
The first abstract works of Mathieu featured organic shapes, "shapes with no possible signification". Some of his techniques anticipated the work of Jackson Pollock to come two years later and announced the movement of Action Painting.
Tachisme
In 1950 his drips became more solid and aggregate around a central kernel. The palette was limited to warm colors.
From 1951 Mathieu studied tachism on monochromic canvases: blobs of painting appeared "because one needs a certain colored area at a certain place, and the most direct way is to lay the brush on the canvas with a varying degree of violence (inducing spatters) without having delimited the space to be so colored.", as in Le Maréchal de Turenne, Blanche de Turenne, La Bataille de Bouvines.
Lyrical abstraction
In the 1960s, his zen period features only a few strokes on monochromatic backgrounds, illuminating the power of the sign. Examples include La Bataille de Brunkerberg and Bulle Omnium Datum Optimum.
In 1970 Mathieu focused on the equilibrium between balance and vividness, and showed central shapes on a uniform blocks of color.
From 1984 Mathieu achieved what he calls a "cosmic turning point" in his painting. His compositions did not favor a center anymore: the graphical elements multiplied on the canvas, the painting found its balance by the tension between these elements.
Titles
Mathieu admitted a deep passion for history, especially for the Middle-Ages. Therefore, many works of the painter were named after historical battles and events : La Bataille de Bouvines (The Battle of Bouvines), La Victoire de Denain (The Victory of Denain) and Les Capétiens partout (Capetians everywhere). The question of the relation between the canvas names and the act of painting has often been debated, as some critics saw in his painting the renewal of historical painting.
However, the painter always denied any representation of historical events in his works. He nonetheless admitted having chosen titles in relation to the place where the canvas had been painted (Hommage au général Hideyoshi, Hommage au général San Martin), the day it had been performed (La Victoire de Denain, La Bataille de Tibériade), or its tone (La Bataille des Eperons d’Or).
Other titles were inspired by mathematics (Théorème d'Alexandrov), physics (Le principe de Pauli) or philosophy (Grand algorithme blanc).
Other artistic contributions
Throughout his career, Mathieu fought for the introduction of art in the modern society and applied his style to a variety of fields.
Urbanism and architecture
In 1964 Mathieu carried out architectural plans for the city of Castellas. In 1966, industrial owner Guy Biraud commissioned him to draw up the plans of the electrical transformer factory of Fontenay-le-Comte.
Tapestry and porcelain
Mathieu considered handcrafts to have experienced little evolution during the 20th century and worked with French national factories. In 1966 he joined the porcelain workshop Manufacture de Sèvres and created his series of porcelain plates. He produced many tapestries in partnership with the Manufacture nationale des Gobelins in Paris.
Stamps
Some of Mathieu's work have been adapted as national stamps designs. In 1972 he designed his first featured stamp for the Indian post office of New Delhi. Later in 1974 was emitted a stamp featuring the tapestry Hommage à Nicolas Fouquet. Another stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Battle of France led by General Charles de Gaulle was created in 1980.
Mint
In 1973 a public contest was launched for the renewal of the ten-francs coin : Mathieu was asked to participate. His project features the depiction of the industrial France on one side, and the Mathieu hexagonal shaped outline of the country on the other side. On the 31 July 1974, the French Minister of Finance announced that Mathieu's proposal had been chosen among the 342 other submitted projects. The cupronickel aluminium coin was emitted from 1974 to 1987 with a print-run of 100 million copies.
Advertising
Mathieu has been commissioned several advertising campaigns. In 1966 the airlines company Air France ordered Mathieu a series of posters for its future advertising campaign. The series featured paintings evocative of some major destinations (New York, Brazil, Japan, Germany...), all in the style of lyrical abstraction, pointed out for the graphical coherence between the countries and their representation.
The French television awards Les 7 d'or, broadcast from 1985 to 2001, offered a statue designed by Mathieu to the winners.
The Champagne producer Deutz created decorated bottles of Champagne designed by Mathieu.
Legacy
The Gutai group of Japanese artists also created a live work inspired from Mathieu's in a similar spirit to his art during the 1950s. In their 1956 manifesto, its members acknowledged their interest in the techniques of two specific painters: “Concerning contemporary art, we respect Pollock and Mathieu because their work seems to embody cries uttered out of matter, pigment and enamel. Their work is about merging with matter using techniques that are particularly reflective of their own individual personalities. More precisely, they put themselves at the service of matter in a powerfully symbiotic way.”
Some of his works anticipates the revival of the modern-style Graffiti.
Publications
Writings by Mathieu
1959 : De l’abstrait au possible, Ed. Cercle d’Art Contemporain.
1960 : From the abstract to the possible, Ed. Cercle d’Art Contemporain.
1963 : Au-delà du Tachisme, Ed. Julliard, Paris.
1967 : Le Privilège d’être, Ed. Robert Morel, Paris.
1973 : De la révolte à la renaissance, Collection « Idées », Ed. Gallimard, Paris.
1975 : La Réponse de l’Abstraction lyrique, Ed. La Table Ronde, Paris.
1976 : Notice sur la vie et les travaux d’Alfred Giess, Institut de France, Paris.
1984 : L’Abstraction prophétique, Collection « Idées », Ed. Gallimard.
1994 : Le Massacre de la sensibilité, Ed. Jean Picollec, Paris.
1998 : Désormais seul en face de Dieu, Ed. l’Age de l’Homme.
Writings on Mathieu
Georges Mathieu; Dominique Quignon-Fleuret. Mathieu (New York : Crown Publishers, 1977) ;
Michel Tapié; Georges Mathieu; Stable Gallery (New York, N.Y.). The significant message of Georges Mathieu (New York : Stable Gallery, 1952) OCLC 79307225
Müller-Yao, Marguerite Hui: Der Einfluß der Kunst der chinesischen Kalligraphie auf die westliche informelle Malerei, Diss. Bonn, Köln 1985.
Filmography
1954 : La Bataille de Bouvines, Robert Descharnes.
1956 : Le Couronnement de Charlemagne, Robert Descharnes.
1959 : La Saint-Barthélémy, O.R.T.F. Productions.
1959 : Hommage au Connétable de Bourbon, A. Rainer.
1961 : Georges Mathieu, J. Mousseau et J. Feller.
1965 : Paris, capitale des arts, O.R.T.F. Productions.
1967 : Georges Mathieu, F. Warin.
1968 : Georges Mathieu, P. Lhoste et G. Roze.
1968 : Georges Mathieu, par les Analyses Cinématographiques.
1971 : Georges Mathieu, L. Thorn.
1971 : Georges Mathieu ou la fureur d’être, par Frédéric Rossif, TéléHachette.
1979 : A la recherche de Georges Mathieu, Daniel Lecomte, Antenne 2.
1986 : Georges Mathieu, Philippe Ducrest.
1992 : Spectacle son et lumière donné en août 1992 dans la cour du Château de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Th. Choumitzky.
See also
Lyrical Abstraction
French art
Tachisme
Groupe Gutaï
Michel Tapié
References
External links
Official site and reference for exhibitions and paintings
Georges Mathieu's selected works
Georges Mathieu interviewed on a 90 minutes dedicated TV show "L'homme en question"
Art Informel and Tachisme painters
1921 births
2012 deaths
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
21st-century French painters
21st-century French male artists
School of Paris
Abstract expressionist artists
People from Boulogne-sur-Mer
Members of the Académie des beaux-arts
French stamp designers
Abstract painters
French abstract artists |
4033111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20My%20Mind%20%28Pharrell%20Williams%20album%29 | In My Mind (Pharrell Williams album) | In My Mind is the debut studio album by American rapper and record producer Pharrell Williams. The album was released on July 25, 2006 by Star Trak Entertainment and Interscope Records. It debuted at number 3 on the US Billboard 200, selling 142,000 copies in its first week of release. The album is also certified Silver in the United Kingdom for sales of over 60,000 copies. In My Mind would go on to receive a nomination for Best Rap Album at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards.
Background
In June 2003, after having produced and featured on several songs by other artists, Williams released his debut single "Frontin'", featuring Jay-Z. Despite insisting that the single was a one-off, and that he was purely a producer and not an artist in his own right, it was announced that Williams would release his own studio album.
The album includes the three already-released singles "Can I Have It Like That" (featuring Gwen Stefani), "Angel" (only released in the UK) and "Number One" (featuring Kanye West) and performances featuring Jay-Z, Nelly, Slim Thug, Snoop Dogg, Lauren London, Jamie Cullum and Pusha T of Clipse. Originally the album had been slated for release on November 15, 2005, but the date was delayed at Williams' request. Most recently, a music video for "That Girl" (featuring Snoop Dogg) was released and has been receiving airplay on VH1.
On this album, Pharrell makes his solo production debut without his partner Chad Hugo. In an interview on the delay, he stated that he felt the album needed more work. Nearly six months later, it was finally released.
Critical reception
The album received generally mixed reviews from critics. Christian Hoard of Rolling Stone called it "still only so-so, offering a series of modestly tuneful, sometimes snoozy soul-pop-hip-hop songs". Entertainment Weekly said the album "seems divided against itself, rest assured that all of the songs have something in common: they're not remotely catchy". For AllMusic, Andy Kellman wrote that "it's not like any part of it is flat-out poor, but it's a shame it didn't turn out better". In his consumer guide for MSN Music, Robert Christgau gave the album a two-star honorable mention rating (), indicating a "likable effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well enjoy". He cited "Raspy Shit" and "Number One" as highlights and quipped, "keepin' it playa like he says, for exactly what that's worth".
Accolades
The album was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards, but lost to Release Therapy by Ludacris.
Commercial performance
In My Mind debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 behind LeToya's self-titled debut album and the compilation's Now 22, selling 142,000 copies in its first week. The album dropped to the number nine in its second week, selling an additional 51,000 units, for a two-week total of 193,000 copies sold. As of March 2014, In My Mind has sold 406,000 copies in the United States. The album has sold 2,889,025 copies worldwide.
Track listing
All songs written and produced by Pharrell Williams; songs with co-writers are noted.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Pharrell Williams albums
2006 debut albums
Albums produced by Pharrell Williams
Interscope Records albums
Star Trak Entertainment albums |
4033124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th%20Guards%20Rifle%20Division | 13th Guards Rifle Division | The 13th Guards Poltava Order of Lenin Twice Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Rifle Division () was an infantry division of the Red Army that was highly decorated during World War II.
Formed in January 1942 from the 87th Rifle Division (Second Formation) in January 1942, the division suffered heavy losses in the Second Battle of Kharkov and the subsequent Soviet retreat. Rebuilt, the division entered the Battle of Stalingrad in mid-September, in which it distinguished itself during several months of urban combat in the city center and at Mamayev Kurgan. After the end of the battle in early February, the division was withdrawn for rebuilding and in July 1943 joined the 5th Guards Army with which it spent the rest of the war. The division fought in the Battle of Kursk and the subsequent Soviet advance into Ukraine, capturing Dresden in the last days of the war.
After the end of the war, the division was reorganized as the 13th Guards Mechanised Division. It became part of the Soviet occupation forces in Austria during the Cold War and served there until the Soviet withdrawal from the country in 1955. The division was disbanded and merged into the 39th Mechanised Division, which was redesignated as the 39th Guards Mechanized Division to perpetuate the traditions of the 13th Guards. The division fought in the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and was stationed in Hungary for the rest of the Cold War. It was converted into the 21st Guards Tank Division in 1957 and returned to its wartime number as the 13th Guards Tank Division in 1965. As the Cold War drew to a close, the division was withdrawn to Crimea in 1989 and disbanded there under Soviet military reductions.
World War II
On 6 November 1941, the 87th Rifle Division (Second Formation) was re-formed and placed under the command of former commander of 5th Airborne Brigade Alexander Rodimtsev. On 19 January 1942, the 87th Rifle Division was officially awarded Guards status and was re-designated as the 13th Guards Rifle Division.
Battle of Kharkov
In May 1942, the 13th Division was involved in the Soviet counter-offensive at Kharkov, where they fought on its northern axis, thus escaping the encirclement and destruction of a substantial portion of the Soviet forces engaged, followed by the Russian defeat. During this offensive, the division suffered more than fifty-percent casualties, most of which were sustained in the repelling of fierce German counter-attacks. It was during one of these attacks that an Artillery Captain of the 13th earned the first Order of the Great Patriotic War 1st Class to be awarded. Following his unit's success during this offensive, Colonel Rodimtsev was subsequently promoted to Major General. The division was withdrawn from the front on 16 July to be rebuilt.
The Battle of Stalingrad
First blows
On 13 September of that year, German infantry divisions made their first advance into Stalingrad, marking the opening salvos of the Battle of Stalingrad. By the end of the day the German 71st Infantry Division had reached the city centre, north of the Tsaritsa Gorge. A Stavka directive ordered the 13th Guards Division (in the midst of its resupply and reinforcement) to the Volga River and Stalingrad. After being briefed by Lieutenant General Vasily Chuikov, the commander of the 62nd Army, Rodimtsev famously and determinedly declared:"I am a Communist! I have no intention of abandoning the city [Stalingrad]!"
Because of the recent influx of new recruits, the division was now largely inexperienced and untrained, and lacked both maps and knowledge of Stalingrad's rubble-strewn streets, which would prove enormously difficult to overcome in the struggle ahead. However, thanks to his experience fighting in the Spanish Civil War, Major General Rodimtsev was well versed in urban warfare. At 17.00, 14 September, the forward elements of the 13th Guards swiftly crossed the river to reinforce a line that was being held by a mere 15 tanks and few hastily assembled combat groups. It is estimated that more than half of the first wave perished during the river crossing, more than 3,000 being killed in just the first 24 hours. Ultimately, after extremely heavy losses on both sides, the German advance was repelled. Rodimtsev's soldiers recaptured the Mill and secured the central river crossing for other regiments of the 13th Guards.
The Railroad Station
The following morning one of Rodimtsev's junior officers, Lieutenant Anton Kuzmich Dragan was personally ordered by Chuikov to hold a key railroad station in downtown Stalingrad against an impending German assault. Dragan proceeded to gather a platoon of less than fifty men and moved them over to the railroad station. Here, the small but determined force prepared itself for the German attack.
Soon after digging in, a substantial force of German infantrymen arrived to seize control of the station. The Russians proceeded to repeatedly frustrate the Germans in an epic room-by-room struggle for control of the depot for nearly three weeks. Breaking through walls, crawling over rafters, and burrowing under the floorboards, the Russians would yield but a portion of the structure to the Germans, only to emerge elsewhere and start the struggle all over again.
Exchanging gunfire down hallways, hurling grenades back and forth between rooms, Dragan's men inflicted significant casualties on the Germans. In spite of this heroic resistance, Dragan's platoon was eventually reduced to a handful of men. After running out of ammunition, and with their rations gone, one of the Soviet Guardsmen took out his bayonet and carved on a wall,
Rodimtsev's Guardsmen fought and died for their country here.
Under cover of darkness, Dragan and the five remaining soldiers under his command eventually slipped out of the building, made their way through the German lines, and were reunited with the remainder of the division.
The Mamaev Kurgan
The battle at the Mamaev Kurgan began approximately three weeks after the brutal fighting between the German and Russian infantrymen had begun in the outskirts of Stalingrad, on 15 September. During this portion of the battle, the division fought several Wehrmacht divisions for control of the park's central hilltop summit, which changed hands multiple times. Meanwhile, other divisional units fought in different sectors of Stalingrad. The division was in the midst of the combat throughout the city in the remains of the bombed-out buildings and factories, on the slopes of the Mamaev Kurgan hills, in the Red October Tractor Plant and in the key strategic building known as "Pavlov's House" (Yakov Pavlov was the commanding NCO of the platoon which defended the building). Most accounts state that of the 10,000 men of the division that crossed the Volga into the Battle of Stalingrad, only between 280 and 320 of them survived the struggle.
Battle of Kursk
Following the Soviet victory at Stalingrad and the destruction of the German 6th Army, the 13th Guards are again pulled from the lines for re-fit and re-supply. Alongside the 5th Guards Army (Voronezh Front), the division was held in reserve south of Kursk, in order to counter the forthcoming German offensive there – Operation Citadel. The original intention was for these two formations to counter-attack the Germans after the German assault had been ground down by the front line Soviet units, but both formations were committed to prevent a possible breakthrough. After several days of continuous fierce fighting (including the tank battle at Prokhorovka, in which the division's small number of armored units participated in), they successfully ground the elite Waffen-SS formations to a standstill. Meanwhile, the rifle battalions on the 13th held the line around Oboyan, repelling attacks from trenches. Relatively few casualties were sustained because the Germans were focusing their attention on Prokhorovka by the time they had moved up from the reserve area in the rear.
Liberation of Ukraine
Shortly thereafter, the 13th Guards Rifle Division advanced south-westwards, where they participated in the Red Army's assault to liberate Ukraine from German control. The division took part in the in which they gained control of the town of Poltava after extremely fierce fighting, it was liberated on 23 September 1943. This is indicated by the designation of 13th Guards Rifle Division, Poltava (given in September 1943), which shows that the division was cited for their actions in seizing Poltava. After Poltava the division took part in the battle of the Dnieper. It was assigned to accomplish a false crossing of the Dnieper River to confuse the Germans and allow for crossings further north and south. Elements of the division crossed the river on floats and rafts to reach the island of Peschanny to the north-west of Kremenchuk where German infantry had occupied the west side of the island and had to be dislodged in hand-to-hand combat. The division forces sustained heavy losses in this operation when they were pinned down by enemy fire (even the deputy commander of the division Pavel Gayev was killed in action on the battlefield when commanding the operation).
After the Kremenchuk the division fought in the Kirovograd offensive, the Uman–Botoșani offensive, and the Lvov–Sandomierz offensive. For its capture of Novoukrainka and the key rail junction of Pomoshnaya during the Uman–Botoșani Offensive, the division was awarded the Order of Suvorov 2nd class on 29 March. It received a second Order of the Red Banner on 1 April 1944 for the capture of Pervomaysk. In July the division and the army fought in the Lvov–Sandomierz offensive as part of the 1st Ukrainian Front.
Advance into Germany
During the Red Army's final drive into Germany, the division was a part of the 32nd Guards Rifle Corps or was under direct command of the 5th Guards Army (2nd Ukrainian Front). This force drove the Germans back through northern Ukraine and central Poland in to the northern regions of Germany itself.
The division fought in the Vistula–Oder offensive, capturing Busko-Zdrój and Częstochowa, and crossing the German border on 19 January 1945. In February and early March 1945 the 13th Guards fought in the Upper Silesian offensive and the Lower Silesian offensive. During the Berlin Offensive, from 16 to 21 April, the division, as part of the army shock group, forced the Neisse and the Spree, advancing 60 km to cut the Dresden–Lübben autobahn northwest of Senftenberg. The 13th Guards reached Torgau on the Elbe on 23 April, its troops met with American units. For its "courage and valor" in the breakthrough of German defenses on the Neisse, the division was awarded the Order of Kutuzov 2nd class on 28 May. The division then turned southwards with the 5th Guards Army in the Prague offensive, in which it captured the strategic rail junction of Dresden on 8 May. During the war, over 20,000 soldiers of the division were decorated, and nineteen received the highest Soviet award, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Later service
The division became part of the Central Group of Forces after the war and by 1 November 1945 had been converted into the 13th Guards Mechanised Division. The division was stationed in Vienna until 1955, when the group was disbanded following the Soviet withdrawal from Austria. The division was disbanded and its personnel and equipment became part of the 39th Mechanised Division of the 38th Army in the Carpathian Military District on 9 September 1955. On 4 December, the 39th Mechanised was redesignated as a Guards unit and inherited the lineage of the 13th Guards. In 1956, during Operation Whirlwind, the Soviet invasion of Hungary, the 38th Army covered the Austrian and Yugolavian borders of Hungary on the right bank of the Danube. After the end of the invasion, the division became part of the Southern Group of Forces at Veszprém, where it remained for much of the Cold War. In December 1956, the 39th Guards became the 21st Guards Tank Division. In January 1965, the 21st Guards was renumbered as the 13th Guards Tank Division, restoring its World War II designation. According to American military sources corroborated by Vitaly Feskov and others, in September 1989, the division was transferred to Sovietske, Crimea in the Odessa Military District. It was disbanded there in December. The division's 130th Guards Tank Regiment, 56th Separate Reconnaissance Battalion, and 77th Separate Equipment Maintenance and Recovery Battalion became part of the 19th Guards Tank Division in Belarus.
The division's final honorifics in 1988 included 'Poltava', Order of Lenin, Twice Red Banner, Suvorov and Kutuzov.
Subordinate units during World War II
42nd Guards Rifle Regiment
39th Guards Rifle Regiment
34th Guards Rifle Regiment
32nd Guards Artillery Regiment
4th Guards Anti-Tank Battalion
8th Guards Sapper Battalion
14th Reconnaissance Company
139th Signal Battalion
12th Chemical Warfare Company
11th Transportation Company
17th Field Bakery
15th Medical Battalion
2nd Veterinary Hospital
References
Citations
Bibliography
Michael K. Jones. Stalingrad. How the Red Army triumphed.
Further reading
Keith E. Bonn (ed), Slaughterhouse: The Handbook of the Eastern Front, Aberjona Press, Bedford, PA, 2005, p. 361
CIA, History, 1953
G013
Military units and formations disestablished in 1989
1942 establishments in the Soviet Union
1989 disestablishments in the Soviet Union |
4033125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonauta%20hians | Argonauta hians | Argonauta hians, also known as the winged argonaut, muddy argonaut or brown paper nautilus, is a species of pelagic octopus. The common name comes from the grey to brown coloured shell. The Chinese name for this species translates as "Grey Sea-horse's Nest". The female of the species, like all argonauts, creates a paper-thin eggcase that coils around the octopus much like the way a nautilus lives in its shell (hence the name paper nautilus). The eggcase is characterised by a wide keel that gives it a square appearance, few rounded tubercles along the keel, and less than 40 smooth ribs across the sides of the shell. The shell is usually approximately 80 mm in length, although it can exceed 120 mm in exceptional specimens; the world record size is 121.5 mm.
A. hians is cosmopolitan, occurring in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. It is an extremely variable species and there appear to exist at least two distinct forms; a "southern" form and "northern" form (see images). The former is most abundant in the Philippines and South China Sea. It is a much smaller animal, with a shell that rarely exceeds 80 mm and lacks the winged protrusions for which this species is named. The "northern" form, which is found in the waters surrounding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan, produces a much larger, darker and more robust shell that can reach 120 mm and has the characteristic winged protrusions. It is usually less elongated than that of the "southern" form and lacks its porcelain-like shine. Further research is needed to determine whether these forms represent two separate species or not.
A. hians feeds primarily on pelagic molluscs. Remains of heteropods have been reported from the stomachs of A. hians. The species is preyed on by numerous predators. It has been reported in the stomach contents of Alepisaurus ferox from the south-western Pacific.
Males of this species reach sexual maturity at a mantle length (ML) of about 7 mm, presumably the maximum size attained. Females mature at about half the size of Argonauta argo. They begin to secrete an eggcase at 6.5–7 mm ML. Egg laying usually commences when females reach 14–15 mm ML; by 18–20 mm ML female A. hians have laid their eggs. However, the size at which this takes place differs across the animal's range. Females grow to 50 mm ML, while males do not exceed 20 mm ML.
A. hians is known to cling to objects floating on the surface of the sea, including other argonauts. Chains of up to 20-30 argonauts of similar size have been reported. The first female in such chains usually clings to some inanimate object, while the other females hold on to the ventral part of the shell of the preceding animal. Gilbert L. Voss and Gordon Williamson observed six freshly mated female A. hians off Hong Kong that were swimming along in a string.
In the open ocean, A. hians is often observed attached to jellyfish. It has been photographed atop the jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata in the Philippines. This behaviour has been known for a long time, although little was understood about the relationship prior to the work of Heeger et al. in 1992.
Underwater photographer Mark Strickland observed and photographed a female A. hians clinging to a jellyfish in the Mergui Archipelago, Andaman Sea, Myanmar. The argonaut was observed using the jellyfish as cover, rotating the animal to hide itself from potential predators (in this case the photographer). The argonaut was also seen using the jellyfish as a 'hunting platform', as it "manoeuvered its host close to a smaller comb jelly, quickly grasped it with another pair of tentacles and devoured it".
A. hians appears to be closely related to the smaller A. bottgeri from the Indian Ocean and A. cornuta from the north-east Pacific. The oldest known fossil material of A. hians originates from the middle Pliocene Sadowara Formation of southwestern Japan. In terms of eggcase morphology, A. hians resembles the extinct A. sismondai.
The type locality and type repository of A. hians are unknown.
References
Sweeney, M. J. (2002). Taxa Associated with the Family Argonautidae Tryon, 1879. Tree of Life web project.
External links
Tree of Life web project: Argonauta
hians
Molluscs described in 1786 |
4033130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tainan%20Municipal%20Xinying%20Stadium | Tainan Municipal Xinying Stadium | The Tainan Municipal Xinying Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Tainan, Taiwan. It is currently used mostly for athletics and other events. The stadium is able to hold 30,000 people and was opened in 1998. It has the second-largest capacity out of all stadiums in Taiwan.
See also
List of stadiums in Taiwan
External links
Official site
Football venues in Taiwan
Multi-purpose stadiums in Taiwan
Buildings and structures in Tainan |
4033139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Pinewood%20Studios%20productions | List of Pinewood Studios productions | Pinewood Studios is a series of major film and television studios, with the primary studio situated approximately 20 miles west of London among the pine trees on what was the estate of Heatherden Hall, near the village of Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire. Users can now search an interactive filmography on the Pinewood Studios Group website.
Here is a list of Pinewood productions by Year and Studio Location:
(Note that these are filming dates and not necessarily year released)
Source:
Iver Heath
1930s-1990s
2000s to present
Television
EastEnders
Emmerdale
Extras
Little Charley Bear
The IT Crowd
Midsomer Murders
UFO (1970)
The Persuaders (1970–1971)
Space: 1999 (1975–1977)
Parallel 9 (1992–1994)
Potamus Park (1995-2002)
Teletubbies (1997-2001)
Bob the Builder (1998-2004)
My Family (2000-2011)
The Weakest Link (2001–2009)
Bob the Builder: Project: Build It (2005-2008)
La Casa De Papel (Money Heist) (2018)
Would I Lie to You? (2009–)
10 O'Clock Live (2011–2013)
Sing If You Can (2011)
Big School (2013–2014)
Through the Keyhole
Count Arthur Strong (2013–)
8 Out of 10 Cats (2013–)
The National Lottery Draws (2013–)
The Voice UK (2013; live shows only)
The Taste (2014)
Duck Quacks Don't Echo (2014–)
Birds of a Feather (2014–)
Red Dwarf (2015–2020)
The Great American Baking Show (2015–)
Still Open All Hours (2015–)
Debatable (2016–)
Taskmaster (2017–)
Tenable (2017–)
Not Going Out (2017)
Black Narcissus (2020)
Cursed (2020)
Red Dwarf: The Promised Land (2020)
Andor (2022)
Moon Knight (2022)
Loki (2022)
Atlanta (2013-2020)
Toronto
It's a Boy Girl Thing (2006)
Chloe (2009)
Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010)
388 Arletta Avenue (2011)
Dream House (2011)
Take This Waltz (2011)
The Thing (2011)
Cosmopolis (2012)
Prometheus (2012)
Red Lights (2012)
The Vow (2012)
Total Recall (2012)
Carrie (2013)
Kick-Ass 2 (2013)
Mama (2013)
Pacific Rim (2013)
The Best Man Holiday (2013)
The Colony (2013)
RoboCop (2014)
The Captive (2014)
Wolves (2014)
Crimson Peak (2015)
He Never Died (2015)
Pixels (2015)
Poltergeist (2015)
Regression (2015)
Room (2015)
Spotlight (2015)
Special Correspondents (2016)
Suicide Squad (2016)
Downsizing (2017)
Flatliners (2017)
It (2017)
XXX: Return of Xander Cage (2017)
The Christmas Chronicles (2018)
It Chapter Two (2019)
Let It Snow (2019)
Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark (2019)
Shazam! (2019)
Television
Battle of the Blades (2009–2013)
The Listener (2009–2014)
Happy Town (2010)
Beauty & the Beast (2012–2016)
The Strain (2014–2017)
Good Witch (2015–2021)
Schitt's Creek (2015–2020)
Star Trek: Discovery (2017–present)
Malaysia (2009-2019)
Lost in the Pacific (2015)
Television
Marco Polo (2014–16)
Dominican Republic
XXX: Return of Xander Cage (2017)
47 Meters Down (2017)
If Beale Street Could Talk (2018)
47 Meters Down: Uncaged (2019)
Old (2021)
The Lost City (2022)
Television
The I-Land (2019)
References
Citations
External links
Pinewood Studios
British film studios
Films shot in England
Lists of British films
Culture in Buckinghamshire |
4033142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Curle | Keith Curle | Keith Curle (born 14 November 1963) is an English football manager and former professional player, who is the current interim manager of League Two side Hartlepool United.
He played as a centre back from 1981 to 2005, notably in the Premier League for Manchester City, where he was also the club captain. He also played for Bristol Rovers, Torquay United, Bristol City, Reading, Wimbledon, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Sheffield United, Barnsley. He was capped three times by England and received four caps at B Team level.
He became player-manager of Mansfield Town in 2002, where he remained until 2005. He later managed Chester City, Torquay United, Notts County, Carlisle United, Northampton Town and Oldham Athletic.
Playing career
Born in Bristol, Curle began his career at hometown club Bristol Rovers, for whom he made a goalscoring debut on 29 August 1981 in the (old) Third Division against Chester. He left two seasons later to join Torquay United for £5,000 but remained at Plainmoor only for four months before returning to his native city, this time with Bristol City.
The Robins won promotion from the fourth tier at the end of the 1983–84 season soon after Curle's arrival. He remained with the club for three full seasons in the third flight, amassing 128 appearances in total. He finally left Ashton Gate to join Reading for £150,000 in October 1987.
After a year at Reading – which saw relegation from the Second Division – he made a £500,000 move to Division One and FA Cup holders Wimbledon. He spent two and a half years battling with the Crazy Gang before Manchester City paid a club record £2.5million for him in August 1991. This was the joint highest fee paid for a defender by a British club at the time, and one of the highest paid for a player of any position.
His first season at Maine Road saw a 5th place league finish and earned him a call-up to the England squad, debuting on 29 April 1992 as a substitute in a 2–2 friendly draw against the CIS in Moscow. After starting in a further warm-up game (a 1–0 win over Hungary), he was selected for the squad for Euro '92. Here, he covered at right-back in their opening goalless group game against Denmark, but played no further part as the nation crashed out at the first stage and was not selected again.
Back with his club, Curle was promoted to club captain but they were unable to match their 5th-place finish after manager Peter Reid was fired and eventually suffered relegation in the 1995–96 season. Curle remained with the club during pre-season for the following campaign but was soon stripped of his captaincy and transfer-listed before being sold to Wolves in August 1996 for £650,000.
He spent four seasons at Molineux as the club tried to win promotion to the Premier League. His first season with the team saw them lose in the play-offs to Crystal Palace, but they failed to qualify for them in his subsequent seasons. He was however made club captain and led to the side to an FA Cup semi-final in 1998, where they lost to eventual double winners Arsenal.
The promise of a coaching role saw him move to Sheffield United in 2000 and he spent two years working with manager Neil Warnock in this capacity, scoring once as a player against Bradford City. He joined Barnsley in 2002 but stayed just two months before ending his contract by mutual consent and joining third flight club Mansfield Town, where he was soon appointed player-manager. He played through the remainder of the 2002–03 season before focusing solely on management.
Managerial career
Mansfield Town
Curle began his management career on 3 December 2002 after being appointed as player-manager of Mansfield Town, after the dismissal of Stuart Watkiss. He took over with the team struggling in the relegation zone and could not prevent the drop to the fourth tier, but took them to the play-off final in his first full season in charge, where they lost on penalties to Huddersfield Town.
He was controversially sacked in December 2004 after allegations that he bullied a youth-team player. However, in August 2006, Curle won a case for wrongful dismissal against the club and was awarded undisclosed damages. The judge in the case cleared Curle of any wrongdoing, and described Mansfield's disciplinary process as a "sham".
Chester City
Despite the outcome of his hearing not yet being clear, he was appointed as manager of Chester City in May 2005 and began brightly with the club challenging for promotion from League Two and eliminating Nottingham Forest from the FA Cup. However, a disastrous losing run of 11 games in 12 cost Curle his job in February 2006 after just nine months in charge.
Torquay United
On 8 February 2007, he was appointed head coach (effectively manager under Director of Football Colin Lee, his former manager at Wolves) at Torquay United, where he had played earlier in his career. He was on a short-term contract that ended in the summer of 2007. After failing to save Torquay from relegation, Curle's contract was not renewed and he was replaced by Leroy Rosenior on 17 May 2007.
Coaching Roles
Curle reunited with Neil Warnock, when the latter was appointed manager of Championship side Crystal Palace in October 2007 and immediately brought Curle into his coaching team. Curle followed Warnock across London to Queens Park Rangers on 1 March 2010, again as coach. On 8 January 2012, he was sacked by the club with manager Warnock and assistant manager Mick Jones
Notts County
On 20 February 2012, he was named as manager of Notts County. Curle made an impressive start to his reign at Notts County winning his first four games. He finished the 2011–12 season with Notts in 7th place, only missing out on the play-offs by goal difference. Curle's team made a good start to the 2012–13 season. A 2–2 draw with Oldham Athletic meant Curle equaled a 41-year record by going unbeaten away from home in the league in 10 consecutive games for the first time since 1971. The record was broken three days later when Notts County drew 1–1 with MK Dons. The run finally came to end on 27 January 2013 when Notts County were beaten 2–1 by Leyton Orient. Before that the team had gone 22 consecutive away games without defeat.
On 3 February 2013, Curle was sacked by Notts County.
Carlisle United
In September 2014, he was appointed as manager of Carlisle United, where he remained until the end of the 2017–18 season.
Northampton Town
On 1 October 2018, Curle was appointed manager at Northampton Town.
On 29 June 2020, Northampton Town won the League Two Play-Off Final under Curle, gaining him his first promotion with a club in the EFL as the Cobblers beat Exeter 4–0 at Wembley.
On 10 February 2021, Curle was sacked by Northampton Town with the club occupying 23rd place in League One, having endured a run of one win in 10 matches, and 1 goal scored in 2021.
Oldham Athletic
On 8 March 2021 Curle was appointed boss of League Two side Oldham Athletic following the sacking of Harry Kewell the day before. Curle left his position on 24 November 2021 with the club sitting in 22nd position in League Two, one place and two points above the relegation zone.
Hartlepool United
On 18 September 2022, Curle was appointed interim manager of League Two side Hartlepool United following the sacking of Paul Hartley earlier that day.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Bristol City
Football League Trophy: 1985–86; runners-up 1986–87
Manager
Northampton Town
League Two play off-winners: 2019–20
Individual
As a player
Wolverhampton Wanderers player of the year: 1997–98
As a manager
League Two manager of the month: October 2016
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Footballers from Bristol
English footballers
England B international footballers
England international footballers
Association football defenders
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Wimbledon F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
UEFA Euro 1992 players
English football managers
Mansfield Town F.C. managers
Chester City F.C. managers
Torquay United F.C. managers
Notts County F.C. managers
Carlisle United F.C. managers
Northampton Town F.C. managers
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. managers
Hartlepool United F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Crystal Palace F.C. non-playing staff
Queens Park Rangers F.C. non-playing staff |
4033156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20University%20of%20Paris | American University of Paris | The American University of Paris (AUP) is a private, independent, and accredited liberal arts university in Paris, France. Founded in 1962, the university is one of the oldest American institutions of higher education in Europe, and the first to be established in France. The university campus consists of seven buildings, centrally located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower, Les Invalides, and the Seine.
The university's language of instruction is English, although students must prove a level of proficiency in French prior to graduation. The university has over 1,100 students, representing over 100 nationalities, with an average student-to-faculty ratio of thirteen to one. The university's faculty members represent 21 nationalities, with 71% holding doctoral degrees and close to 70% speaking three or more languages.
History
Founded by Dr. Lloyd DeLamater, a then 40-year-old US Foreign Service officer, in 1962 as the American College in Paris (ACP), the university was renamed 26 years later as The American University of Paris (AUP).
ACP was initially a two-year junior college located in the American Church in Paris. Its inaugural class consisted of 100 students, many of whom were children of American service members and expatriates living in France and Europe. Fifteen part-time professors taught courses in Economics, English, Fine Arts, Government History, French, German, Spanish, Mathematics, Philosophy, and Sociology. In 1964, the first 40 students received their diplomas for two years of study, going on to complete their degree in the United States.
Another key aspect of the university’s curriculum was its Cultural Program, originally set up by Marie DeLamater, Lloyd DeLamater’s wife, and Walter J. Brennan, the first Director of the Cultural Program. The program aimed to provide students with the opportunity to visit museums, monuments, and other cities in order to contextualize theory learned in class. The Cultural Program Office is still organising study trips at AUP today.
ACP's student body changed with time, in part due to the decrease of US military presence in Europe. Thirteen years after its founding, over half of the student body was non-American. In 1978, ACP became an accredited four-year, degree-granting college, which was followed by the change of its name to The American University of Paris in 1988. In the year 2006, the University expanded its course offerings to include master’s courses. Most recently, the University has consolidated its campus, acquiring several new buildings in the seventh arrondissement: the largest of which is the Quai d’Orsay Learning Commons, on the same street as the American Church in which the University began.
Accreditation
The American University of Paris is accredited in the United States by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The American University of Paris is a non-profit educational institution incorporated in the state of Delaware and licensed by the State Board of Education as a Delaware institution of higher education. The American University of Paris is registered in the United States as a 501 (c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
The university confers Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, and Master of Science degrees accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. The institution is authorized to offer bachelor's and master's degrees through the State of Delaware.
The American University of Paris is declared to the Rectorat de Paris as an établissement privé d'enseignement supérieur libre, and has maintained this right to ouverture since 1964. Like other officially US-accredited diplomas, AUP's bachelor's degrees are recognized as an equivalent to the French Licence (BAC+3). This allows AUP students to apply for graduate studies within the French higher education system following the completion of their undergraduate degree.
AUP degrees are also separately recognized by the Ministries of Higher Education in Norway, and Turkey.
Academics
Undergraduate programs
All undergraduate students must complete the Global Liberal Arts Core Curriculum (GLACC) requirements as part of the curriculum at AUP. The requirements include the demonstration of knowledge in Science, English, French, Mathematics, and the completion of FirstBridge, an interdisciplinary first-year course. The GLACC also includes an experiential learning component, and a Capstone project.
The university offers 27 majors and 34 minors in its undergraduate program, along with courses covering a variety of other subjects, including Art History, Fine Arts, Environmental Science, Gender Studies, Mathematics and Computer Science, and various languages, including French, Latin, and Ancient Greek.
The university has 11 academic departments:
Department of Art History and Fine Arts
Department of Comparative Literature and English
Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Science
Department of Economics
Department of Film Studies
Department of French Studies and Modern Languages
Department of Global Communications
Department of History
Department of International and Comparative Politics
Department of International Business Administration
Department of Psychology
The university also offers students the possibility of designing their own major, referred to as the Self-Designed Major.
Graduate programs
The university offers ten graduate programs:
Coursework Masters (38 credits)
Master of Arts in International Affairs
Coursework and Research Masters (40 and 48 credits)
Master of Science in International Management
Master of Science in International Management (Sustainability Systems track)
Master of Science in International Management (NGO and Mission Based Management track)
Master of Arts in Global Communications
Master of Arts in Global Communications (Development Communications track)
Master of Arts in Global Communications (Fashion track)
Master of Arts in Global Communications (Digital Culture and Industries track)
Master of Arts in Diplomacy and International Law
Research Masters (62 credits)
Master of Arts in International Affairs, Conflict Resolution, and Civil Society Development
Financial aid and scholarships
The American University of Paris awards more than 4 million euros in financial assistance every year. The university offers several types of merit-based scholarships, including one specifically for students who have obtained the International Baccalaureate diploma. Based on their final score, students can receive a reduction ranging from 36% to 75% of tuition. The university also offers university-funded financial aid, which is both need- and merit-based. Scholarships are awarded automatically while students wanting to receive financial aid need to apply for it separately. Total financial assistance ranges from 25% to 50%. A limited number of awards are as high as 75% of tuition. The university is also a Title IV school, which qualifies it to certify U.S. federal loans to American citizens and permanent residents.
Global Professional Skills Program
Undergraduate students are encouraged to take part in the Global Professional Skills (GPS) Program, which launched in spring 2017. The aim of GPS is to improve career-focused skills and help students develop a personal narrative that will benefit them after graduation. Running throughout a student’s entire time at AUP, the program ends with an opportunity to present a personal narrative to a panel of alumni, employers, and faculty. The winning submission receives an award at graduation.
In addition, the GPS Program brings together students’ co-curricular achievements on a personal co-curricular record (CCR). Students’ activities are registered from semester to semester through attendance tracking, synced through AUP’s student-facing online campus activity platform (AUP Engage). Students who complete GPS Program requirements will also earn a GPS Certificate and a mention of GPS achievement is added to their official AUP academic transcript.
The GPS program is structured around AUP’s faculty-defined four core capabilities:
Professional: Independent, Creative Thinkers
Cultural Fluency: Adaptable Communicators with a Global Perspective
Leadership: Responsible, Empowered Leaders
Personal: Engaged, Lifelong Learners
The GPS Program consists of the following three program requirements plus a fourth optional Panel Presentation.
Minimum involvement requirement. This is referred to as the GPS path, which lives on AUP Engage. This involves attending a minimum number of events and activities that feed into each of the four pillars listed above.
Designing Your Narrative (DYN) Workshop. This design thinking workshop for seniors (open to all, regardless of GPS participation) helps students make explicit the connections between experiences at university and post-graduation plans. This two-hour workshop promotes strategies for how students can “pitch” themselves to prospective employers, graduate school admissions decision-makers, investors, etc. They are given the guidelines for how to translate all of this into their Personal Narrative – the third and final requirement for the GPS Program.
Personal Narrative Submission. Students identify a specific objective, and then construct a narrative imagining they are presenting themselves in the context of that objective – to an employer, graduate school admissions counsellor, angel investor, etc. The format of the narrative is open, but common formats include PowerPoint/Prezi, video, website, portfolio, essay, etc.
(Optional) Panel Presentations and Coaching Sessions. In addition to the three program requirements, GPS seniors have the option to present their personal narrative to a panel of AUP alumni, employers, and faculty in April of their senior year. Participants get immediate constructive feedback on their presentations, and top presenters are invited to the GPS President’s panel, which takes place during the GPS Award Ceremony, just before commencement. To prepare for the panel presentations (and in so doing, prepare for interviews), the Careers and Internships Office organizes a large number of collective drop-in style coaching sessions.
Cultural Program
The Cultural Program provides students with the opportunity to participate in cultural excursions, faculty-led study trips, and other activities. They range from one-day trips to month-long excursions to a variety of destinations across the globe including London, Iceland, Rome, Fez and Auroville, India. The Coup de Pouce fund gives students the possibility to apply for financial assistance for faculty-led study trips.
Campus
The university is located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the left bank and in close proximity to the Eiffel Tower, the Seine River and the Invalides. Its urban campus consists of seven buildings.
In 2014, the university began a campus renovation plan to renovate every university building. The Combes building was renovated in 2014 and became the Combes Student Life Center, housing the university's own AMEX Café, student clubs, student government, the Thamer Salman Media Center, and the Joy and Edward Frieman Environmental Science Center, as well as art studios, faculty offices, classrooms and the AUP Fine Arts Gallery. The gallery, founded in 2003 by Professor Emeritus Ralph Petty, has welcomed over 120 exhibitions to date and is today curated by Jonathan Shimony, a Professor of Fine Arts.
In the summer of 2015, the university's administration moved into a renovated building on Boulevard de La Tour-Maubourg. In 2019, the university finished renovations on a newly acquired building, which is now known as the Quai d'Orsay Learning Commons. The building consists of 2000 square meters over ten floors. It houses the AUP Library, Academic Resource Center, and an integrated center for academic, career and experiential advising. It connects to the Combes Student Life Center via a glass atrium. The two buildings together form the Student Life and Learning Commons, which between them centralize all student services in a single building complex. A final renovation of a building on the rue de Monttessuy to create a center for the arts is planned for 2020.
Library
The university library, open to the AUP community, is located in the Quai d'Orsay Learning Commons. The library offers students over 41,000 books, more than 545,000 electronic books, 2,900 DVDs and videos and additional access to other libraries around Paris. The university library also provides online resources including e-books, e-encyclopedias, e-journals, and full text databases. Group study rooms and reading areas, wireless Internet access, electrical outlets for laptops, and flat screens are available. The library's staff assists with research and provides information concerning additional resources in Paris.
Athletics
The first sports team at the university was founded one year after the university's creation in 1962. Over the following decades, other sports teams were introduced, some of which are still active at AUP today, including volleyball and equestrian sports.
After the re-establishment of a small sports activities program in Fall 2008, today's teams participate regularly in Regional University Championships (CRSU) with various teams. Students can go to tryouts and integrate competitive teams, but also have the possibility to engage in recreational activities.
Due to its collaboration with local sports clubs and fitness companies, AUP students benefit from preferential deals for gym memberships. The Athletics Office also supports students in launching their own sports team/club at the university.
The AUP Athletics Office also organizes charity events, to which student athletes contribute.
Student life
The university hosts 1,115 students with over 100 nationalities represented on campus.
Students have the opportunity to learn and meet other students through clubs and organizations, including AUP for Consent, AUP Oslo Pax Club, Migrant Justice Club, the Debate and Politics Club, AUP Cares (philanthropic club), AUP Green (environmental club), the Student Government Association (SGA), and the Graduate Student Council (GSC).
Students also manage student-run media production for print, digital and broadcast media. They produce the Peacock Magazine, write articles for The Plume, a news student-run news website, and film videos for Peacock TV, the university's own student-run video production club. The AUP Radio Club also organizes a daily radio show. The university supports student media through three media workshops that allow students to get involved in production teams, overseen by faculty and staff.
Students live in the city of Paris. In 2013, the university partnered with Comforts of Home – now BlueStripe Paris – to provide all students with furnished, Internet-equipped, shared housing options in two- to three-bedroom apartments. All incoming first-year, transfer, and visiting students are required to arrange their housing through the university, either in a shared student apartment, or in a home stay. Graduate students or returning undergraduate students have the option of searching for an independent apartment with the assistance of the Office of Residential Life.
The Academic Resource Center (ARC) was created to link technology to the curriculum and to supplement academic support services at the university. Located in the Quai d’Orsay Learning Commons, ARC provides multiple services to students, including library research stations and video production equipment, peer tutoring services, and a writing lab.
Notable faculty
Jim Bittermann - senior European correspondent for CNN in Paris
Oliver Feltham - philosopher
Matthew Fraser - British-Canadian academic, author and former journalist. He was the former editor at the Post and co-hosted a weekly CBC Newsworld television show, "Inside Media"
Hall Gardner - professor of International Politics
Ziad Majed - political researcher
Ali Rahnema - economist and historian
Notable alumni
The university has over 20,000 alumni who work and live in 145 countries. A study of more recent graduates indicates that 93% are employed or pursue graduate studies within one year of graduation. The majority of alumni report that AUP was helpful in their career paths. Half of alumni reported that they were pursuing graduate or professional studies three years out. Nine out of ten alumni are fluent in two or more languages, and 87% say that their careers have an international element. More than half also having worked in a country not native to them.
Individuals of note who have attended the university include:
Cleo von Adelsheim - German noblewoman and actress
Diana Álvares Pereira de Melo, 11th Duchess of Cadaval - Portuguese noblewoman
Tarak Ben Ammar - movie producer and distributor
Pamella Bordes - Indian model, photographer and Femina Miss India Universe 1982
Andrea Casiraghi - fourth in line to the Monegasque throne
KC Concepcion - actress, singer, VJ, model, stage actress and ambassador against hunger of the UN's World Food Programme (WFP)
Eva Green - French actress and model
Tara Jarmon - Canadian fashion designer
Alex Ko - Broadway star Billy Elliot the Musical; author; award-winning film writer/director
Claire Lademacher - German bioethicist and princess of Luxembourg
Peggy Lehner - former Ohio State Senator
Olivia Palermo - American socialite, features on the MTV reality show The City
Fernando Rees - Brazilian professional race car driver
Daniel Rose - American chef based in Paris
Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi – translator, art curator and journalist
Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis - German princess and blogger
Michael J. Varhola - American author, editor, and publisher
Michael Weatherly - American actor
See also
American University (disambiguation) for a list of similarly-named institutions
The American University of Rome
The American University in Cairo
AUC Press
Cairo International Model United Nations
American University of Sharjah (AUS)
American University of Beirut (AUB)
American University of Iraq - Sulaimani (AUI)
American University in Dubai (AUD)
The American University of Kurdistan
References
External links
Official website
Educational institutions established in 1962
1962 establishments in France
Education in Paris
English as a global language
Universities in Paris |
4033167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highlands%20Ranch%20Mansion | Highlands Ranch Mansion | The Highlands Ranch Mansion is a historic property in Colorado.
History
The Mansion was built over a number of years. Samuel Allen Long homesteaded the property, building a small stone house on the far east side of today's mansion, which he called Rotherwood after a favorite childhood farm. John W. Springer, a wealthy man with ties to politics, banking, and law, owned the ranch from 1897 to 1913. He sold the Mansion to his father-in-law, Col. William Hughes, who renamed the property "Sunland Ranch". Springer's daughter, Annie Clifton Springer Hughes, inherited the home after Col. Hughes passed in July 1918. It is unknown how much of the mansion the Springer/Hughes family built, but photos from the 1920s indicate that the footprint of the current building existed by 1926.
Waite Phillips purchased Sunland Ranch from Annie Springer and her husband Lafayette Hughes (no relation to Colonel William Hughes) in 1920 and used it as a breeding location for high grade horses and cattle. He consolidated the ranch with other nearby land purchases to create a prodigious spread called Phillips Highland Ranch (no S) named after the Highland Hereford cattle he raised here. Waite conducted a renovation at the former Springer/Hughes home which included the addition of a western wing. A whimsical photograph taken of Waite's son, Elliott Waite “Chope,” sitting atop a pony in the middle of the living room reveals a unique view into family life at Phillips Highland Ranch. Waite owned the ranch for six years before commitments in Oklahoma forced him to sell it in 1926.
In 1926, Frank E. Kistler purchased the Mansion renamed it the Diamond K Ranch, and began breeding operations that specialized in dairy and Angus cattle, sheep, chickens, and hogs. The Diamond K Ranch proved to be another successful venture for Frank. He, Florence, and their four children, quickly settled into Denver's high society scene, rubbing elbows with the influential upper class. In 1929, Kistler remarried a beautiful widow named Leanna Antonides. They transformed the exterior style from a gothic stone castle to a classic English Tudor, included a sprawling front patio, and added to the western wing. Beautiful interior additions included a breathtaking clock and personalized fireplace facade in the living room. The renovations occurred simultaneously with a troubling period in US history, the Stock Market Crash of 1929, and Frank was among the many that lost millions during this crippling era. He was forced to sell the Diamond K Ranch in 1937 to Lawrence Phipps, Jr. and moved to Glenwood Springs where he bought and operated the Hotel Colorado and adjoining hot springs.
Lawrence Phipps, Jr., a son of former Colorado Senator Lawrence C. Phipps, bought the property in 1937. A keen business sense served Lawrence well in all of his varied pursuits, but his true love in life was ranching, with a special fondness for horses. In 1929, he resurrected the Arapahoe Hunt Club, a group of horse backed hunters who, aided by a band of foxhounds, pursued coyote as opposed to the English tradition of foxes. At Lawrence's request, Frank Kistler granted permission in 1929 to the club to headquarter and hunt at the Diamond K Ranch and a few years later Lawrence was honored with the title Master of the Hunt.
During his days spent chasing the wily prey, Lawrence fell in love with the ranch's rolling hills, and when Kistler finally succumbed to his financial woes and put the ranch up for sale in 1937, Lawrence did not hesitate to snatch it up. He renamed it Highlands Ranch and happily lived the remainder of his life here. Upon Lawrence's death in 1976, the ranch passed to his estate which handled its sale to Marvin Davis, head of the Highlands Ventures Corporation.
Marvin Davis marketed the Mansion and the surrounding property. In 1978, the Mission Viejo Corporation agreed to a two-year option agreement to finally become the official owners of the Highlands Ranch lands in 1979. In 1978, the Mansion was used as the setting of the fictional Venneford Ranch in the miniseries Centennial.
In 1978, Highland Ventures sold the property to Mission Viejo Company and the development of the planned community called Highlands Ranch began. Mission Viejo subsequently sold the remaining undeveloped property in Highlands Ranch to Shea Homes in 1997. During that entire 30 year time frame, the Mansion sat basically empty.
Shea Homes conveyed the Mansion to the Highlands Ranch Metro District in April 2010. The renovations of the Mansion cost $6 million. The Metro District used interest earnings on developer fees, collected for the purpose of building Highlands Ranch infrastructure, to fund the renovations. With the concurrence of Shea Homes as representative of the builders within the Highlands Ranch community, the Metro District Board of Directors decided that $4 million of developer fees be set aside as an "endowment'" Interest earnings on the endowment may be used to support the operations of the Mansion. The Metro District continues to operate the Mansion without the use of tax dollars.
Highlands Ranch Metro District Now Owners of Mansion
The Highlands Ranch Metro District became the current owner of the Highlands Ranch Mansion in April 2010. The Metro District developed a projected timeline for the next couple years. The Metro District proceeded with the design of the building renovation and managed the site planning process and subsequent Douglas County approvals. Renovations to the Mansion commenced in 2011.
The renovations of the Mansion cost $6 million, with another $4 million dedicated to an endowment fund that will use interest earned to support future operations.
On June 15, 2012, the Highlands Ranch Metro District hosted the Grand Re-Opening of the Mansion.
The Mansion is open year-round to the public. The Mansion also hosts many community events throughout the year. All public events and property operations are funded by private events hosted at the Mansion.
See also
Highlands Ranch, Colorado
References
External links
Highlands Ranch photographs, history and documentation (1962) at Historic American Buildings Survey
Highlands Ranch Community Association
Houses in Douglas County, Colorado |
4033172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%20score | Hip score | Hip scoring is a procedure used to determine the degree of hip dysplasia in dogs and other animals and reporting the findings in a standard way. The hip score is the sum of the points awarded for each of nine radiographic features of both hip joints.
The British Veterinary Association uses the following criteria to determine hip score:
Norberg Angle
Subluxation
Cranial Acetabular Edge
Dorsal Acetabular Edge
Cranial Effective Acetabular Rim
Acetabular Fossa
Caudal Acetabular Edge
Femoral Head/Neck Exostosis
Femoral Head Recontouring
The lower the score, the less the degree of dysplasia present. The minimum (best) score for each hip is zero, and the maximum (worst) is 53, giving a range for the total of 0 to 106. Each hip is scored separately under the BVA, so within the UK scores are usually displayed as two numbers separated by a forward slash (e.g. 2/6). The highest score of one of both hips (BVA) is taken to provide a score for international comparison.
The following table compares the scores recognised by Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), the British Veterinary Association (BVA) and Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde (SV).
British Veterinarian Association
The average hip scores in the year 2005 for popular breeds from Australia are tabulated below:
(Scores of both hips together)
References
Dog anatomy
Dog health |
4033173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana%20Falconieri | Juliana Falconieri | Juliana Falconieri, O.S.M., (1270 – 19 June 1341) was the Italian foundress of the Religious Sisters of the Third Order of Servites (Mantellate Sisters or the Servite Tertiaries).
Biography
Juliana belonged to the noble Falconieri family of Florence. Her uncle, Alexis Falconieri, was one of the seven founders of the Servite Order. Under his influence, she decided at a young age to follow the consecrated life. After her father's death, she received c. 1285 the habit of the Third Order of the Servites from Philip Benizi, then Prior General of that Order. She remained at home following the rule Benizi had given her until her mother's death, when Juliana and several companions moved into a house of their own in 1305. This became the first convent of the Sisters of the Third Order of Servites. Juliana would serve as Superior until the end of her life.
The Servites' dress consisted of a black gown, secured by a leather girdle, and a white veil. Because the gown had short sleeves to facilitate work, people called the sisters of the new Order "Mantellate." The sisters devoted themselves especially to the care of the sick and other works of mercy. It is said she would often fall in to long moments and hours of ecstacy... She was daily caring for the sick in the streets, homes, and in hospitals and was known for using her own lips to suck out the infection of her patients open sores without fear of contracting any illness. Truly a magnificent act. Juliana directed the community of Servite Tertiaries for 35 years and was more of a servant to her subordinates than a mistress.
A putative miracle mentioned in the liturgical texts for her feast day, is said to have occurred at Juliana's death. At this time, unable to receive Holy Communion because of constant vomiting, she requested the priest to spread a corporal upon her chest and lay the Eucharistic host on it. Shortly thereafter, the host disappeared and Juliana died on 19 June 1341. The image of a cross, just like the one on the host, was found on her breast.
Immediately after her death she was honored as a saint.
The Servite Order was approved by Pope Martin V in the year 1420. Pope Benedict XIII recognized the devotion long paid to her and granted the Servites permission to celebrate the feast of the Blessed Juliana. Pope Clement XII canonized her in the year 1737, and extended the celebration of her feast day (June 19) to the entire Church. Juliana is usually represented in the habit of her Order with a host upon her breast.
See also
List of Catholic saints
Notes
External links
Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica
Patron Saints Index: St Juliana Falconieri
1270 births
1341 deaths
Religious leaders from Florence
Servite nuns
Servite tertiaries
13th-century Italian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Founders of Catholic religious communities
14th-century Italian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Burials in Florence
13th-century Christian saints
14th-century Christian saints
Christian female saints of the Middle Ages
Canonizations by Pope Clement XII
Beatifications by Pope Innocent XI |
4033188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagotek | Lagotek | Lagotek was a privately held company specializing in home automation. It was founded in 2005 by four former Microsoft employees and it is located in Bellevue, WA. Lagotek developed Home Intelligence Platform (HIP) technology. The 4 founders of Lagotek are Eugene Luskin, Alex Grach, David Kizhnerman and Lev Tcherkachine,
Lagotek officially ceased operations in 2011.
HIP
HIP is a wireless home automation system that allows homeowners a complete control of lighting, temperature, entertainment, surveillance, security, irrigation and other home appliances in any room from any location of their home
based on any number of touch-screen controllers, mounted into a standard 2-gang switch boxes of a new or a remodel home; these controllers communicate through Wi-Fi with Z-Wave power outlets, dimmers, switches and other devices; each controller acts as a server, enhancing the system's reliability, while devices also act as repeaters, increasing the systems range to infinite
Software running on top of Microsoft Windows CE system
Systems controlled by Lagotek
Current software applications for the HIP platform from Lagotek and its partners include:
Climate control with multiple zones of heating and air conditioning
Lighting
Intercom
Distributed audio
Video Surveillance
Irrigation
Security
Applications that provide integration and automation are:
Modes
Rules
HIP 100 Control Panel Simplicity Rather Than Complexity
The HIP100 touch screen panels from which the users control the functionality of their homes are elegant, but unobtrusive, easily blending with the walls when not used. Due to the wireless nature of the product there is no need to run new wires since the panels fit into the standard 2-gang box replacing the "so 20th century "dumb" dimmers and switches.
Form factors and devices
Lagotek HIP is the distributed system (no single point of failure) that runs on HIP100 touch screen panels, PDAs, PC, UMPC, and Windows Vista MCE. Multiple instances of Lagotek HIP running on various devices throughout the house are fully synchronized and provide unique level of reliability compare to any other Home Automation system where there is only one central controlling device.
Through the support of SideShow technology Lagotek Modes can be controlled from any SideShow device, so no matter where you are and what device you have in your hands you will be able to monitor and control your home.
Remote connection to the Home
From the cell phone:
Lagotek cell phone application (powered by Crayon Interface’s Moshi server) provides both information about the current state of the home and control of the home through Modes. It is possible to see live real time video from the cameras installed in the house, know how many lights are on and where and what is the temperature in the house. Every system in the house can send Alerts to the cell phone.
From the Web browser:
The same functionality that is accessible on the phone is available through the Web interface due to the integration between Lagotek HIP and Microsoft Windows Home Server.
The Target Market and Distribution
The target markets for Lagotek are new home construction and aftermarket remodeling. A network of Certified Installer/Dealers, who install the systems and provide aftermarket service both on an as-needed and post-installation service agreement basis, serves these markets. As a member of CEDIA (Custom Electronic Design & Installation Association), Lagotek is currently adding to its network of Certified Installer/Dealers, and is interviewing and training Certified Installers from the over 6,000 CEDIA installer/dealers
Lagotek touts its technology as an open platform, on top of which other vendors can provide extensions and customizations.
Electronics companies of the United States
Companies based in Bellevue, Washington
Electronics companies established in 2005
Home automation companies
American companies established in 2005 |
4033192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20dock | Space dock | A space dock is a hypothesised type of space station that is able to repair or build spacecraft similar to maritime shipyards on Earth. They remove the need for new spacecraft to perform a space launch to reach space and existing spacecraft to make an atmospheric entry and landing for repair work. They currently only exist in fiction, however concept work has been undertaken on real space dock facilities that could be built with current technology.
Real world
Space docks, as part of a wider space logistics infrastructure, are considered a relevant part of a true space-faring society. Scientists of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics have proposed that future, near-term LEO space facilities should include "a large space dock making possible the on-orbit assembly and maintenance of large space facilities, space platforms, and spacecraft" (see image for design concept). A space dock / hangar could also allow enclosed (and possibly pressurized) maintenance of smaller spacecraft and space planes, though the construction of non-atmospheric spacecraft and other space facilities is envisaged as its main use.
The use for orbital maintenance could be especially critical for damaged atmospheric spacecraft, which are at great risk during reentry into the atmosphere, as was shown during the Columbia disaster. In the wake of the disaster, NASA improvised repairs to shuttles while in flight, a procedure which would have been much easier with a dedicated orbital facility. The use of a major space dock as a construction facility would also be required for the construction of an interstellar colonization starship built with current or near-term technology.
Future Ares V missions for example could serve to cost-effectively transport construction materials for future spacecraft and space exploration missions, delivering raw materials to a Moon-based space dock positioned as a counterweight to a Moon-based space elevator.
Science fiction
Space docks in science fiction play an important role in the construction and maintenance of space vessels. They add a depth of realism to the fictional worlds they appear in and continue the nautical parallels that most space-based science fiction uses. Space docks serve the same purpose as their non-fictional terrestrial dry dock counterparts, being used for construction, repairs, refits and restorations of spacecraft. Some play significant plot roles, others hide in the background in many sci-fi media.
Such science fiction settings as Star Wars, Babylon 5, the Honorverse and the Foundation series mention or allude substantially to such facilities.
Star Trek
Space docks of varying styles and sizes have made a number of appearances in the Star Trek science fiction universe. Often they were shown as open, metal framed structures in which a vessel could be docked. The first such drydock was seen in Star Trek: The Motion Picture with the refit USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) contained within such an "orbital dockyard" before being sent to intercept an alien vessel on course for Earth — "chronologically" speaking in the storyline, an earlier example (set in 2151) also housed the first Enterprise of Capt. Jonathan Archer at the start of the Star Trek: Enterprise series.
A larger facility, known as Earth Spacedock was seen for the first time in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock. These were huge orbital command installations incorporating internal space docks that could be completely enclosed – starships could enter through bay doors to receive supplies or maintenance.
A third type of space dock was seen occasionally in The Next Generation and following series. This type of dock had a large command pod at the top, with arms underneath that could house a starship. The Enterprise-D was refitted and repaired in such a dock following combat with the Borg in 2367.
Babylon 5
Dock facilities were occasionally seen on the Babylon 5 television series and movies. In the Babylon 5 universe, the space docks were structures deployed outside the station when larger ships were in need of repair. The Babylon-station itself effectively served as a Space dock with internal docking facilities for freighters, personal transport vessels and its own complement of fighter-craft designated to protect the station.
During the events of the movie A Call to Arms, the Excalibur and the Victory were shown in the dry dock facilities in which they were constructed. The dock was destroyed by the Drakh following their attack on Earth, which would halt the construction of further Victory class destroyers until the facilities could be rebuilt.
Star Wars
Large space dock facilities were common above major shipbuilding worlds, such as Sullust and Corellia. Most notably, the massive Kuat Drive Yards corporation owned many facilities in the extensive moon system in the Kuat system and even a massive ringworld dry dock around Kuat (the planet) itself.
References
Science fiction themes
Megastructures
Fictional space stations
Spaceflight |
4033196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%20Winter%20Olympics | Canada at the Winter Olympics | Canada (IOC country code CAN) has competed at every Winter Olympic Games, and has won at least one medal each time. By total medals, the country's best performance was in the 2018 Winter Olympic Games where Canadian athletes won 29 medals. Canada set a new record for most gold medals won by a country in a single Winter Olympics with 14 at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. This achievement surpassed the previous record of 13 gold medals held by the Soviet Union (1976) and Norway (2002). Both Germany and Norway matched the record total of 14 gold medals in Pyeongchang in 2018. This record has since been surpassed by Norway with 16 at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Canada has hosted the winter games twice: in Calgary in 1988, and in Vancouver in 2010. Canada has also hosted the Summer Olympic Games once, in 1976 in Montreal.
Medal tables
Medals in Winter Games
Medals by sport
*One of Canada's ice hockey gold medals was won during the 1920 Summer Olympics. This table includes this medal, resulting in the discrepancy between the medals by games and medals by sports tables.
Canada has never won an Olympic medal in the following current winter sport: Nordic combined.
Canada has finished with the highest Canadian Winter medals total at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games with 29 medals. This represents Canada's second highest medal haul at the Olympics, behind the 44 of the Soviet-bloc-boycotted 1984 Summer Games.
Canada has finished the 2010 Winter Olympics at the first place at the medal table, with 14 gold medals.
Canada was the first nation to win 14 gold medals at a single Winter Games. In 2018, Germany and Norway matched this record. Then in 2022 Norway set a new record with 16
Olympians
The Canadian with the most times at the Winter Olympics is Jasey-Jay Anderson, who appeared at 6 Olympics; 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018.
The Canadian with the most Winter medals is Cindy Klassen, who has 6 medals; 1 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze. While Canadian Winter Olympian Clara Hughes also has 6, her medals are split across Winter (4 medals) and Summer (2 medals) Games.
The Canadian with the most medals at a single Winter Games is Cindy Klassen, who won 5 at the 2006 Games.
Biathlon
Canada's only medals in biathlon were won by Myriam Bedard in the Albertville and Lillehammer games.
Bobsleigh
Bobsleigh
Canada has won five gold medals in bobsleigh. The first, a surprising victory by Vic Emery's four-man team in Innsbruck (1964). The second was won by Pierre Lueders and Dave MacEachern in the two-man event in Nagano (1998) - a race that produced a rare tie in which both the Canadian pair and an Italian pair were awarded gold (a German pair won bronze). The Canadian men's duo of Justin Kripps and Alex Kovacz would repeat the feat in 2018, tying for gold with a German sled. In the first back to back wins by a two-woman team, Kaillie Humphries and Heather Moyse won gold medals in Vancouver (2010) and Sochi (2014).
Skeleton
In the 2006 Turin games Mellisa Hollingsworth-Richards won Canada's first medal in skeleton and later Duff Gibson became the first Canadian to win a gold medal in skeleton in the men's event. At the 2010 Vancouver games, Jon Montgomery won a gold in the men's event.
Curling
Curling is one of the most popular sports in Canada, and both the men's and women's teams have won a medal at each of the five Olympics curling has been held at so far. Canadian curlers also finished in the top 3 places when curling was a demonstration sport in 1988 and 1992. The women's team in 1998, led by skip Sandra Schmirler, the men's team in 2006, led by skip Brad Gushue, the men's team in 2010, led by Kevin Martin, the women's team in 2014 led by Jennifer Jones and the men's team in 2014 led by Brad Jacobs have won gold medals. In 2018, Kaitlyn Lawes and John Morris won gold in the first mixed doubles tournament at a Winter Olympics.
Ice hockey
Hockey is Canada's national winter sport, and Canadians are extremely passionate about the game. The nation has traditionally done very well at the Olympic games, winning 6 of the first 7 gold medals. However, by 1956 its amateur club teams and national teams could not compete with the teams of government-supported players from the Soviet Union. When Canada's best players (from the National Hockey League) were able to compete starting in 1998, expectations were high for the country's return to glory, but the Czech Republic won gold and the team fell to Finland in the bronze medal game. Canada finally won its first hockey gold in 50 years in Salt Lake City in 2002, sparking national celebrations.
The 2010 games were the first Olympics to take place in an NHL market since the league's players started to compete in the games, as Vancouver is home to the Vancouver Canucks.
Women's ice hockey was introduced at the Nagano Olympics in 1998, with Canada winning the silver medal. Canada has appeared in every Olympic gold medal game, facing the United States six times (1998, 2002, 2010, 2014, 2018, 2022) and Sweden once (2006). Canada has topped the podium five times (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2022), taking silver against the United States twice (1998, 2018).
Note: Ice hockey was part of the Summer Olympic program for the 1920 games in Antwerp, but is listed here for completeness. As it was held at a Summer Games, it is not counted in the total for Canada's performance at the Winter games.
Luge
Following the announcement on December 22, 2017 that the 2014 luge team relay results of the silver medallists Russian team were voided due to team members being banned for doping violations, Canada was expected to be upgraded from fourth to bronze. However, the bans and annulment of results were successfully appealed at the Court of Arbitration for Sport, and on 1 February 2018 the results were restored. The IOC intended to appeal the decision to the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, however following the Court's upholding of the CAS' decision in the related case of Alexander Legkov, the IOC decided not to proceed with the appeal.
Alex Gough won Canada's first ever Olympic medal (Bronze) in Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.
Skating
Figure skating
Canada has won at least one medal in figure skating in 14 of the 17 post-war Winter Olympic games (since 1948). Canada's gold medalists are Barbara Ann Scott (1948) and the pairs of Barbara Wagner and Robert Paul (1960); Jamie Salé and David Pelletier (2002); and Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (2010 and 2018). Canada also won gold in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Virtue and Moir celebrated a number of firsts at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics when they won the gold medal for Ice Dancing: their first gold medal at their first Olympics, and the first North Americans as well as the youngest pair to win gold in this event. Other notable Canadian skaters include 1976 Bronze medalist Toller Cranston, as well as Brian Orser and Elvis Stojko, both of whom won silver medals in successive games.
Short track speed skating
Canada has benefitted from the addition of short track speed skating to the Olympic program in 1992, winning multiple medals at each games since. Marc Gagnon, who won 3 gold and 2 bronze medals between 1994 and 2002 and François-Louis Tremblay, who has collected 2 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze medals from 2002 to 2010, are among only 5 Canadian Olympians to win a total of 5 medals.
Speed skating
Gaetan Boucher (1000 m and 1500 m in 1984), Catriona Le May Doan (500 m in 1998 and 2002), Cindy Klassen (1500 m in 2006), Clara Hughes (5000 m in 2006), Christine Nesbitt (1000 m in 2010) and Ted-Jan Bloemen (10000 m in 2018) are Canada's gold medalists in speed skating. In 2006, Cindy Klassen became the first Canadian to ever win five medals in one winter games, winning one gold (1500 m), two silver (Team Pursuit and 1000 m) and two bronze medals (3000 m and 5000 m). She also won a bronze medal in the 2002 games, giving her 6 medals, surpassing short track speed skater Marc Gagnon for the title of most decorated Canadian Winter Olympian. However, Clara Hughes was able to tie Klassen's record following her bronze medal in 2010. In addition to this, Hughes won 2 bronze medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics, one in 2002 Winter Olympics (making her the first Canadian to have won a medal in both the Summer and Winter Olympics), and two in 2006.
Skiing
Alpine skiing
Canada's most celebrated alpine skier is Nancy Greene, who won gold and silver at the 1968 games in Grenoble.
Cross country skiing
Canada's first medal in cross country skiing was the gold won by Beckie Scott in Salt Lake City (2002), the first time a North American woman won any Olympic medal in this sport. Chandra Crawford followed this up at the next games with a gold medal in the sprint event, and the team of Scott and Sara Renner also won a silver medal in Turin (2006).
Freestyle skiing
Canada has enjoyed success in freestyle skiing after its introduction to the Winter Olympics in 1992. Jean-Luc Brassard (1994), Jennifer Heil (2006), Alexandre Bilodeau (2010 & 2014), Justine Dufour-Lapointe (2014), and Mikael Kingsbury (2018) have won gold in the moguls event. Canada has won gold in the women's ski cross at every olympics that featured it (Ashleigh McIvor, 2010; Marielle Thompson, 2014; and Kelsey Serwa, 2018). Brady Leman (2018) won gold in the men's ski cross event. In 2014 and 2018 the Canadian women also took the silver medals (Serwa in 2014, and Brittany Phelan in 2018). Dara Howell took gold in the slopestyle event in 2014. Cassie Sharpe added a halfpipe gold in 2018.
Canadian skiers also finished in the top 3 positions in aerials at the 1988 and 1992 games, when it was a demonstration sport.
Nordic combined
Canada has never won an Olympic medal in the Nordic combined competition. Their best finish was tenth in the individual normal hill competition at the 1932 games.
Ski jumping
Canada won the bronze medal in the mixed team ski jumping event at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Snowboarding
Ross Rebagliati won a gold medal in snowboarding when the sport made its Olympic debut at the 1998 Nagano games. Initially he was stripped of the medal when traces of marijuana were found in his blood during a drug test, but the IOC reversed its decision after an appeal a few days later because marijuana was only a restricted substance, not a banned substance.
See also
Canada at the Summer Olympics
Own the Podium - Canada's government-sponsored program to win more medals
References
External links
CBC Digital Archives - Gold Medal Athletes - 1948-1968
CBC Digital Archives - Cold Gold: Canada's Winter Winners 1984–2002
Olympics |
4033250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Union%20MMU | The Union MMU | The Union MMU is the students' union of Manchester Metropolitan University, an institution of higher education and research in North West England. Named MMUnion until August 2014; Manchester Metropolitan Students' Union (MMSU) until July 2005; and Manchester Polytechnic Students' Union (MPSU) before the institution gained its university status in 1992.
The union has one building on the All Saints campus in Manchester after the Crewe campus closed its doors in Cheshire in 2019. The union is affiliated to the National Union of Students (NUS).
The union has an independent advice centre available for all students at the University as well as an activities centre for the sports clubs and societies at MMU.
Governance
The Union is controlled by the Union Officers Group formed of 5 current students and graduates of the university, elected by the students to control the Union on their behalf.
Structure pre 2008 Governance Review
Prior to the 2008 review of the Union's governance structures, there were 17 Executive Officers each with their own areas of responsibility in addition to acting in the interests of the Union as a whole.
Seven of the officers were sabbaticals. Two sabbaticals based in MMU Cheshire and the other five in Manchester. The ten remaining officers were based across both campuses, were non-sabbaticals and studied during their term in office receiving no payment.
The Union's sovereign body was Student Council, to which all committees, representatives and officers, either directly or indirectly, were answerable. The Student Council, chaired by an independent non-executive student, was composed of the Executive Committee and students elected from each faculty of the university. The Chair and Vice-Chair of the Athletic Unions, and one representative of each Societies Union were ex officio members of the council.
Structure from 2009
Board of Trustees
From the start of 2009, the highest level of governance has been the Board of Trustees, composed of the sabbatical officers and up to 4 external trustees, and 1 co-opted trustee.; The Trustee Board has the ability to call binding referendums on issues and motions as it sees fit, referendums may also be called by students directly by secure petition.
Union Officers Group
Policy decisions are made by the Union Officers Group, which meets weekly.
The Union Officers Group as of the academic year 2020/21 is structured as;
President: Evelyn Sweeney
Education Officer: Bran Catron
Sports Officer: Fabienne Robertson-Barnett
Wellbeing Officer: America Fabiana Pardo-Gomez
Societies and Development Officer: Savannah Middleton
The Union Officers Group consists of five sabbatical officers, and no non-sabbaticals, as of the 2019/20 academic year. The Union Officers Group is held accountable to all students.
The Union Officers Group was structured as;
President: Anna Welsh
Education Officer: Lucy Follon
Sports Officer: Ross Sharmon
Wellbeing Officer: Andy Harmon
Societies and Development Officer: Evelyn Sweeney
Sports and societies
The Union supports current students to manage and run all the official sports clubs and societies at the University. There is a range of societies on offer, covering a variety of different groups including Academic, Campaigning and Liberation, Faith, Hobbies and Interests, Media, Music and Performance, Nationality and Culture and Political Perspectives.
Hive Radio
Student media is an expanding area of the Union. Hive Radio, MMU's student radio station, is an active society, using its resources within the university and their technical ability to help promote their own activity, as well as expand into other areas of interest, such as sports commentating, radio dramas, and online journalism through the Hive Radio website reviewing music events & performances in Manchester and surrounding areas, films, and other issues of interest.
Campaigns
The Real Cost
In 2012, the Union launched 'The Real Cost' campaign. This is based around students being given the real cost upfront of being a student at MMU and revealing everything considered a 'hidden cost' this included things such as workbooks, club and society memberships, printing and technical supplies. The union is currently looking at working with MMU to banish these to allow MMU students better control of their finances.
Exam locations
In recent years the Students' Union have successfully campaigned against Business School exams being held in a tent, and supported Shane Ward on his way to winning The X Factor. It also started a scheme of co-operative housing for students in Manchester.
Access privileges
The Union also successfully lobbied for access privileges to be reinstated, for students of MMU, at the John Rylands University Library of the University of Manchester.
Bursaries
In 2008, The Union campaigned on the £2.7 million of bursaries that the university predicted to, but hadn't, paid out to its students in the last year. This is part of a wider campaign on education funding and the union is supporting and promoting the National Union of Students' Broke & Broken campaign.
Library access
The Union won a campaign in 2008 to extend the library hours until midnight and is currently working on to make 24-hour computer drop-in-centre available for students.
LGBTQ+ access to blood donations
The union, together with the MMU LGBT society and the National Union of Students, are running the Please Give Blood Because I Can't campaign, lobbying and demonstrating against the National Blood Services lifetime ban on gay and bisexual men from giving blood. They are running a series of demonstrations in Manchester city centre to raise awareness and encourage people to give blood on behalf of a healthy gay man who cannot, in which the President of the union and Chair of Student Council gave blood. Debates are also being held on the issue.
Late campaign
In autumn 2008 the union launched the Late Campaign after consultation with Course Reps, who expressed concern that students were suffering because of late and cancelled lectures that were never rearranged - The Late Campaign was organised to find out how many students across MMU were finding this to be the case.
Exam timetables
The University Student Agreement (the statement that the University agreed would be the principles of an MMU education) says that “staff will give reasonable notice of changes to the teaching timetable and will arrange for classes to be re-scheduled or for alternative delivery of the content, or will explain why this is not possible”. The Students' Union has stated they "think that this is the best way to test whether that's actually happening and to help identify where there are problem areas."
"This is a variation on traditional course rep activity, collecting information in a way that is easier for modern students. We fully understand that lectures may need to be cancelled and re-arranged for legitimate reasons and believe that it is crucial to establish a means of measuring the impact of cancelled lectures. We have faith that the results will demonstrate the professional approach adopted by the majority of staff" Nicola Lee, President
COVID-19 campaigns
In 2021, the Union announced four key campaigns in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, these included 'Students have a right to a reduction in tuition fees', 'Students have a right to some form of rent rebate', 'Students have a right to quality online teaching' and 'Students have a right to increased access to mental health support'.
Union building
The Union has a presence and building on the MMU campus. Originally occupying the Righton Building on the corner of Cavendish Street and Lower Ormond Street, the Union moved in 1982 to a purpose-built building at 99 Oxford Road. The new building was opened by Bobby Charlton and in 1984 it was named the Mandela Building after Winnie Mandela, during the ANC Year of the Woman. Following the death of Stompie Moeketsi in 1989, an event with which Winnie Mandela was linked, moves were made to change the name to something less controversial and for a time it was named the Bruce Forsyth building after the popular entertainer. The name was dropped shortly after.
A Barclays Bank mini-branch was opened in the building shortly after the bank had cut its links with apartheid South Africa, following an NUS lead campaign.
The Union's facilities were arranged over 4 floors and included;
Ground Floor; Reception, Barclays ATM, The Union Shop, Icycle and the Student Officers Office.
First Floor; "The met" union bar and club, opened in September 2009, formerly K2 nightclub.
Second Floor; Student Activities Centre, the VP Student Activities office and campaigns, societies and students open space.
Third Floor; Student Advice Centre, accredited as a Community Legal Service. Union Administration, Finance Office, Committee Meeting Rooms and Conference Facilities.
In January 2015, the union moved to a new purpose-built building on the All Saints campus, directly adjacent to the University's Cambridge and Cavendish Halls of Residence, on Cambridge Street, next to the Salutation pub, which the Union now runs. The new building incorporates a dance studio, radio studio, media suite, and conferencing facilities, a Starbucks and a shop, as well as a new large open multi-purpose space which is used for club nights, fashion shows, freshers and refreshers fairs and also stalls and campaigns when required.
References
External links
The Union MMU
Students' unions in England
Manchester Metropolitan University |
4033255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field%20%28mathematics%29 | Near-field (mathematics) | In mathematics, a near-field is an algebraic structure similar to a division ring, except that it has only one of the two distributive laws. Alternatively, a near-field is a near-ring in which there is a multiplicative identity and every non-zero element has a multiplicative inverse.
Definition
A near-field is a set together with two binary operations, (addition) and (multiplication), satisfying the following axioms:
A1: is an abelian group.
A2: = for all elements , , of (The associative law for multiplication).
A3: for all elements , , of (The right distributive law).
A4: contains an element 1 such that for every element of (Multiplicative identity).
A5: For every non-zero element a of there exists an element such that (Multiplicative inverse).
Notes on the definition
The above is, strictly speaking, a definition of a right near-field. By replacing A3 by the left distributive law we get a left near-field instead. Most commonly, "near-field" is taken as meaning "right near-field", but this is not a universal convention.
A (right) near-field is called "planar" if it is also a right quasifield. Every finite near-field is planar, but infinite near-fields need not be.
It is not necessary to specify that the additive group is abelian, as this follows from the other axioms, as proved by B.H. Neumann and J.L. Zemmer. However, the proof is quite difficult, and it is more convenient to include this in the axioms so that progress with establishing the properties of near-fields can start more rapidly.
Sometimes a list of axioms is given in which A4 and A5 are replaced by the following single statement:
A4*: The non-zero elements form a group under multiplication.
However, this alternative definition includes one exceptional structure of order 2 which fails to satisfy various basic theorems (such as for all ). Thus it is much more convenient, and more usual, to use the axioms in the form given above. The difference is that A4 requires 1 to be an identity for all elements, A4* only for non-zero elements.
The exceptional structure can be defined by taking an additive group of order 2, and defining multiplication by for all and .
Examples
Any division ring (including any field) is a near-field.
The following defines a (right) near-field of order 9. It is the smallest near-field which is not a field.
Let be the Galois field of order 9. Denote multiplication in by ' '. Define a new binary operation ' · ' by:
If is any element of which is a square and is any element of then .
If is any element of which is not a square and is any element of then .
Then is a near-field with this new multiplication and the same addition as before.
History and applications
The concept of a near-field was first introduced by Leonard Dickson in 1905. He took division rings and modified their multiplication, while leaving addition as it was, and thus produced the first known examples of near-fields that were not division rings. The near-fields produced by this method are known as Dickson near-fields; the near-field of order 9 given above is a Dickson near-field.
Hans Zassenhaus proved that all but 7 finite near-fields are either fields or Dickson near-fields.
The earliest application of the concept of near-field was in the study of incidence geometries such as projective geometries. Many projective geometries can be defined in terms of a coordinate system over a division ring, but others can not. It was found that by allowing coordinates from any near-ring the range of geometries which could be coordinatized was extended. For example, Marshall Hall used the near-field of order 9 given above to produce a Hall plane, the first of a sequence of such planes based on Dickson near-fields of order the square of a prime. In 1971 T. G. Room and P.B. Kirkpatrick provided an alternative development.
There are numerous other applications, mostly to geometry. A more recent application of near-fields is in the construction of ciphers for data-encryption, such as Hill ciphers.
Description in terms of Frobenius groups and group automorphisms
Let be a near field. Let be its multiplicative group and let be its additive group. Let act on by . The axioms of a near field show that this is a right group action by group automorphisms of , and the nonzero elements of form a single orbit with trivial stabilizer.
Conversely, if is an abelian group and is a subgroup of which acts freely and transitively on the nonzero elements of , then we can define a near field with additive group and multiplicative group . Choose an element in to call and let be the bijection . Then we define addition on by the additive group structure on and define multiplication by .
A Frobenius group can be defined as a finite group of the form where acts without stabilizer on the nonzero elements of . Thus, near fields are in bijection with Frobenius groups where .
Classification
As mentioned above, Zassenhaus proved that all finite near fields either arise from a construction of Dickson or are one of seven exceptional examples. We will describe this classification by giving pairs where is an abelian group and is a group of automorphisms of which acts freely and transitively on the nonzero elements of .
The construction of Dickson proceeds as follows. Let be a prime power and choose a positive integer such that all prime factors of divide and, if , then is not divisible by . Let be the finite field of order and let be the additive group of . The multiplicative group of , together with the Frobenius automorphism generate a group of automorphisms of of the form , where is the cyclic group of order . The divisibility conditions on allow us to find a subgroup of of order which acts freely and transitively on . The case is the case of commutative finite fields; the nine element example above is , .
In the seven exceptional examples, is of the form . This table, including the numbering by Roman numerals, is taken from Zassenhaus's paper.
The binary tetrahedral, octahedral and icosahedral groups are central extensions of the rotational symmetry groups of the platonic solids; these rotational symmetry groups are , and respectively. and can also be described as and .
See also
Near-ring
Planar ternary ring
Quasifield
References
External links
Nearfields by Hauke Klein.
Algebraic structures
Projective geometry |
4033263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa-class%20patrol%20boat | Moa-class patrol boat | The Moa-class patrol boat was a class of patrol boats built between 1978 and 1985 for the Royal New Zealand Navy by the Whangarei Engineering and Construction Company. They were based on an Australian boat design.
Vessels of the class
Altogether there were seven vessels in the class
The lead vessel, Kahu, was initially named HMNZS Manawanui from 28 May 1979 to 17 May 1988. She was modified so she would function as a diving tender. After the commissioning of the dedicated Diving Support Tender HMNZS Manawanui (A09) she remained in service (as the Kahu) attached to the Royal New Zealand Naval College as the basic seamanship and navigation training vessel.
The next two vessels, Tarapunga and Takapu, were modified with their superstructure accommodation increased so they could function as inshore survey vessels. These were both decommissioned in the year 2000.
The last four vessels functioned as inshore patrol vessels for the Naval Volunteer Reserve. From 1994 these were modified to conduct mine countermeasures route surveying using side-scan sonar. This was used on several occasions for search-and-rescue or transport investigations. In 2005, three vessels were relocated to Auckland to fill the training gap left by the decommissioning of . Kiwi relocated to Auckland during 2006. On relocating, the vessels' side scan sonars were removed.
With the introduction of the Project Protector ships, Moa, Kiwi, Wakakura and Hinau were replaced by four Protector-class inshore patrol vessels during 2007 and 2008. Kahu remained in service for seamanship and Officer of the Watch training until 2009.
References
Patrol boat classes |
4033270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20West%20Harward | Donald West Harward | Donald West "Don" Harward is an American philosopher who served as the sixth President of Bates College from March 1989 to November 2002, where he was succeeded by the first female president, Elaine Tuttle Hansen.
Early life and career
Harward received his B.A. in mathematics from Maryville College, then his M.A. from American University, and Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Maryland. Harward then taught at the University of Delaware and the College of Wooster, where he served as a dean and vice president of academic affairs.
On March 1, 1989, Harwad was tapped to succeed Thomas Hedley Reynolds as the sixth President of Bates College. His first years leading the college revolved around stressing the importance of egalitarian values and involvement in the community through the creation of a thesis program, and the strengthening of the study-abroad program. Overall, he would create 22 new programs available to students and faculty. He expanded the campus of Bates by constructing Pettengill Hall, the Residential Village, and the Bates College Coastal Center at Shortridge.
Harward stepped down from the Bates presidency on November 1, 2002. Three years later in 2005, The Harward Center for Community Partnerships was opened in Lewiston in his honor.
Harward currently serves as a senior advisor for the American Council on Education Fellows Program and a senior fellow with the American Association of American Colleges and Universities.
He received an honorary doctorate from Bates College on May 26, 2003.
Personal life
He and his wife, Ann, have two children.
See also
History of Bates College
List of Bates College people
References
Further reading
Bates College Mirror 2006 (Lewiston, ME: Bates College, 2006).
External links
Donald Harward bio
Harward Center
American philosophers
Maryville College alumni
American University alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Living people
Presidents of Bates College
University of Delaware faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
College of Wooster faculty
Philosophy teachers |
4033315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOL%20Ar%C3%A9na%20S%C3%B3st%C3%B3 | MOL Aréna Sóstó | MOL Aréna Sóstó (MOL Aréna Salt Lake) is a multi-purpose stadium in Székesfehérvár, Hungary, primarily used for football matches.
History
Planning
On 12 November 2014, the design of the new stadium was revealed at press conference held by László Vigh and András Cser-Palkovics, mayor of Székesfehérvár. Three new stands are going to be built. The main stand is going to be renewed. The reconstruction is going to start in autumn 2015. The expected finish of the construction is going to be the end of 2016. During the 2015-16 season the club are going to play their matches at the Pancho Arena in Felcsút, Fejér County.
On 18 September 2015, it was announced that the demolition of the current stadium is going to be in January 2016.
On 10 December 2015, András Cser-Palkovics said that a totally new multi-use stadium will be built creating the Vidi-city. He emphasised the importance of the reconstruction of the neighbouring parks, routes and buildings. The demolition will kick off on 14 December 2015 and the new stadium will be opened in 2017. During that period the trainings for the club will be in Székesfehérvár. However, the Nemzeti Bajnokság I matches will be played at the Pancho Arena, in Felcsút.
Construction
On 14 October 2016, it was revealed by feol.hu that the construction might start within days as soon as the contracts are signed by all parties. The feol.hu website also adds that the opening will be further delayed due to the late start of the constructions.
On 23 November 2016 the construction officially started.
On 7 February 2017, László Horváth, project manager of Sóstó Konzorcium, said that the first phase of the construction ended. The demolition of the interior of the remaining main stand ended. The concrete of the demolished parts of the main stand will be reused in the building of the new stands. The Sóstó Konzorcium will have 14 months to finish the construction of the stadium.
On 13 March 2017, László Horváth, project manager of Sóstó Konzorcium, said that thanks to the mild winter the construction of the new stadium is in good progress. The construction of the base of the stands were finished in March.
On 27 March 2017, it was confirmed that the construction of the stadium would be finished by 16 January 2018. Péter Gönczöl, managing director of Strabag-MML Kft., said that the construction is in the most spectacular phase when the biggest panels are positioned into their places. András Cser-Palkovics, mayor of Székesfehérvár, said that due to the severe weather conditions during winter the construction could be finished by the deadline. Róbert Varga, director of Strabag-Hungary, added that the new stadium will be able to host 14,201 spectators and the stadium will be lying on a base of 10,199 square metres and the highest point of the stadium will be 21.28 metres.
On 4 April 2017 new pictures were revealed on Nemzeti Sport about the construction. It was also confirmed by the official webitse of Videoton that the construction will be finished by 16 January 2018.
On 18 August 2017, it was announced that the main stand should also be demolished due to statical problems. Originally, the new stadium would have been built around the main stand. Due to the reconstruction of the main stand the opening of the new stadium will be delayed to June 2018.
On 27 July 2018, it was announced that MOL Vidi FC will rent the stadium.
On 14 August 2018, an article was published on the Hungarian news website, Index.hu, stating that there will be further delays in the opening of the new stadium. One day later, it was announced that the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League play-off matches will be played at Ferencvárosi TC's home stadium, Groupama Aréna in Budapest.
Opening
The stadium was opened on 21 November 2018. The first match was played between MOL Vidi and Újpest in the 6th round of the 2018–19 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season and the match ended with a 1-0 victory for the home side. The first goal was scored by Roland Juhász in the 58th minute.
The opening of the stadium started with the performance of the Hungarian pop band Wellhello since the singer of this group, Tomi Fluor, has roots in Székesfehérvár. In addition, the members of the legendary 1958-team were also present including Péter Disztl, Gábor Horváth, and Imre Vadász. Former football coaches of Videoton FC were also present such as János Csank, Péter Bozsik, and Imre Gellei.
On 21 November 2018 the stadium was renamed as MOL Aréna Sóstó due to sponsorship reasons.
On 27 February 2019, the first Magyar Kupa match was played at the stadium. MOL Vidi FC hosted Taksony SE in the 8th round of the 2018–19 Magyar Kupa season. The match ended with a 3-0 victory for MOL Vidi. Huszti scored twice, while Anel Hadžić once. The home side qualified for the quarter finals on 4-0 aggregate.
Recent
The stadium was selected to host the 2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
Milestone matches
Attendances
As of 11 April 2017.
Gallery
References
External links
Videoton FC official website
Stadium pictures at www.stadiumdb.com
Football venues in Hungary
Multi-purpose stadiums in Hungary
Fehérvár FC
Buildings and structures in Székesfehérvár
Buildings and structures in Fejér County
Sports venues completed in 2018 |
4033322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20Suzhen | Sun Suzhen | Sun Su Chen (孫素真) (16 October 1895 - 23 February 1975) was the 18th matriarch of Yiguandao. She was the successor of Zhang Tianran, Yiguandao's contemporary founder. Sun was also known as Ming Shan (明善) or Hui Ming (慧明), her religious name.
Sun was born in Shan County, Shandong on the 28th day of the eighth lunar month in 1895. She was introduced to Yiguandao in 1908 and became the student of Lu Zhongyi. All the incident which was believed to be Heaven's will and lifted her as the incarnation of the Yuehui "Moon Wisdom" Bodhisattva, the counterpart of Ji Gong. Heaven's will regarded her to hold the seat of the 18th patriarch together with Zhang in 1930.
After the death of Zhang in 1947, she took control of Yiguandao. Many of Zhang's followers followed her leadership. Only a small fraction stayed on with Madame Liu.
When the communists took over China in 1949, Sun moved to Hong Kong. She then went to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for a short period (1951–52) then returned to Hong Kong.
In Hong Kong she was said to have left behind a large number of "heavenly mandates" (). To this day, there are a few elders in Hong Kong who are believed to be the keepers of these heavenly mandates.
In 1954, she moved to Taiwan. Because Yiguandao was illegal in China under communism, she kept a low profile and was kept under seclusion. She was sick in the last years and under the care of a nun surnamed Zhou in Taichung. Later she was under the care of Wang Hao De until her death. She died on the 23rd day of the second lunar month in 1975 (4 April 1975) one day before the death of Chiang Kai-shek.
She was buried in Daxi, Taoyuan. She was given the title Zhonghua Shengmu () (Holy Mother of the Chinese) by her followers.
References
David Jordan & Daniel Overmyer. 1985. The Flying Phoenix: Aspects of Chinese Sectarianism in Taiwan. Princeton University Press.
Soo Khin Wah. 1997. A Study of the Yiguan Dao (Unity Sect) and its Development in Peninsular Malaysia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia.
External links
History of Sun Su Zhen according to her followers
The patriarch of I Kuan Tao
History of I Kuan Tao according to the followers
1895 births
1975 deaths
I-Kuan Tao Patriarchs
People from Heze
Taiwanese people from Shandong
Deified Taiwanese people |
4033323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanty%20Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki | Konstanty Wiśniowiecki | Prince Konstanty Wiśniowiecki (1564–1641) was a Ruthenian nobleman of Kingdom of Poland, voivode of Belz since 1636, of Ruthenia since 1638 and starost of Czerkasy and Kamieniec was a wealthy, powerful and influential magnate, experienced in both politics and warfare.
Marriage and issue
He was married four times:
circa 1583 Anna Zahorowska Korczak; had issue
son Janusz Wiśniowiecki (1598–1636), daughters Helena Wiśniowiecka (married Stanisław Warszycki) and Marianna Wiśniowiecka (1600–1624; married Jakub Sobieski)
1603 Urszula Mniszech, sister of Maryna Mniszech; had issue
sons Jerzy Wiśniowiecki (died 1641) and Aleksander Wiśniowiecki (died 1638/39), daughter Teofila Wiśniowiecka
1626/28 Katarzyna Korniaktowna (died circa 1635); no issue – daughter of Konstanty Korniakt h. Krucyni
Krystyna Strusiowna h. Korczak (died after 1647); no issue
Wiśniowiecki outlived all of his three sons; after his death, his estate was inherited by Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki.
Bibliography
Czamańska I., Wiśniowieccy. Monografia rodu, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2007, , s. 147–155.
References
1564 births
1641 deaths
Konstanty
Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
4033334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lala%20Jagat%20Narain | Lala Jagat Narain | Lala Jagat Narain (31 May 1899 − 9 September 1981) was an Indian editor, member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly, Member of Parliament and founder of the Hind Samachar media group.
Early life
Lala Jagat Narain was born at Wazirabad, Gujranwala District (now in Pakistan) in 1899. He graduated from D.A.V. College, Lahore in 1919, and joined the Law College, Lahore.
Establishment
He left his studies in 1920 at the call of Mahatma Gandhi to join the Non-cooperation movement. He was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment. In jail, he acted as Lala Lajpat Rai's personal secretary.
In 1924 he became the editor of Bhai Parmanand's weekly Hindi language paper Akashvani. He participated in the Satyagraha movement and was in jail for about nine years on different occasions. His wife was in jail for six months and his eldest son, Ramesh Chandra, was arrested during the Quit India movement.
Political life
Narain was President of the Lahore City Congress Committee for seven years, leader of the Congress Party in the Lahore Corporation, a member of the Punjab Provincial Congress Committee for more than thirty years and member of the All-India Congress Committee for about 30 years.
Lala Jagat Narain was detained under MISA during the Indira Gandhi's Emergency which was later on revoked on 4 January 1977. Following this incident, he parted ways with the party.
Narain had come to Jalandhar as a refugee from Lahore and started an Urdu daily, Hind Samachar in 1948. Urdu then was the language of the salaried urban men of Punjab, the people who could afford the time and money for a newspaper. But Urdu in independent India lacked government support. In 1965, he founded Punjab Kesari, a Hindi-language daily.
During the Punjabi Suba movement, he had resigned as minister in protest when the Regional Formula, a proposition to give the Punjabi and Hindi languages equal status in Punjab that the Akali Dal had provisionally accepted, had been implemented in 1956. He would periodically opine when the Akalis and the government would appear to make progress on the issue of Punjab statehood, stating once that "the Hindus of Punjab would never accept the settlement."
An Arya Samaji widely known for anti-Sikh communalism, Narain had urged Hindus in Punjab to reply to disown Punjabi as their mother tongue. His paper played a significant role in "fanning the flames of communal hatred between Hindus and Sikhs," and the Hindi press based in Jalandhar consistently vilified Sikhs, without making any distinction between Sikh groups.
After the Punjabi Suba was nevertheless established, he would later denounce the Anandpur Sahib Resolution which sought to rectify perceived injustices in water allotment and state powers and development following its formation; he and other Arya Samaj leaders and editors like Virendra would continue to communalize demands for the welfare of the entire state of Punjab, which would be further pursued during the Dharam Yudh Morcha. Again presuming to speak on behalf of the state's Hindus, he would assert in an article in the Indian Express that the primarily urban Hindu population in the state had nothing to do with the continuing state-center dispute over the proportionally unequal distribution of river waters, disregarding the influence on the state's economy of the water allotment amount, and in turn its social cohesion.
Death and legacy
Jagat was a critic of the Khalistan movement and he had earlier survived an assassination attempt in January 1981. However, on 9 September 1981, Narain was shot dead by a two-man team of assassins. Nachhatar Singh, a self-described Naxalite, was arrested at the scene of crime. Dalbir Singh and Swaran Singh are two others accused in the case.
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, who had accused Narain of portraying the Sikh gurus as "lovers of wine and women" in his newspapers in spite of protests, was implicated in the assassination, though it was the Dal Khalsa which had likely committed it. An Indian Airlines plane would be hijacked by them on 29 September 1981 to demand his release, with no casualties.
The White Paper issued by the government of India, mentioned that Narain was assassinated because of his criticism of Bhindrawale. He was present during the clash that occurred between the Sant Nirankaris and Akhand Kirtani Jatha members, and stood witness at the Karnal trial against Bhindrawale.
In 1981, Bhindranwale remained inside Gurudwara Gurdarshan Parkash at Mehta Chowk, but was persuaded to surrender on 20 September 1981. For 25 days, violence exploded all over Punjab, while Bhindranwale was jailed in Circuit House.
India's Union Home Minister, Giani Zail Singh, announced to Parliament that there was no evidence that Bhindranwale was involved in Lala Jagat Narain's assassination, and was released on 15 October 1981.
H.K. Dua, a former Editor-in-Chief of The Tribune, praised Narain's Hind Samachar Group for standing up against terrorism pointing out that 62 of his staff were gunned down over a period of time.
A chair in the name of Narain was established at Kurukshetra University in 1998.
On 9 September 2013, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh released a postage stamp in memory of Jagat Narain.
References
1889 births
1981 deaths
People from Wazirabad
Punjabi people
Indian newspaper chain founders
Sikh politics
Indian editors
Assassinated newspaper publishers (people)
Assassinated Indian journalists
People murdered in Punjab, India
Deaths by firearm in India
Businesspeople from Punjab, India
1981 murders in India
Indian National Congress politicians |
4033337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braemar%20Hill | Braemar Hill | Braemar Hill () is a hill with a height of south of Braemar Point on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The hill was likely named after the Scottish village of Braemar by British officials.
Contrary to popular belief, the peak of Braemar Hill lies on the eastern end of Braemar Hill Road instead of the western end, where the ascent towards Red Incense Summit is noticeably steeper. Hikers often misidentify Red Incense Summit and nearby hilltops as the peak of Braemar Hill.
The north and western sides of this hill are largely residential, consisting primarily of private upmarket real estate. Because of its convenient location and high real estate prices, Braemar Hill is considered one of the more affluent neighbourhoods in the city.
Infrastructure and establishments
Education
The area is home to a large number of schools, including one-third of the secondary schools in Eastern District.
Primary schools
Building Contractors' Association School
Chinese International School (漢基國際學校)
Quarry Bay School (鰂魚涌小學)
SKH St. Michael's Primary School
Secondary schools
Belilios Public School
CCC Kwei Wah Shan Secondary School
Cheung Chuk Shan College
Chinese International School
Clementi Secondary School
Concordia Lutheran School, North Point
Kiangsu-Chekiang College
Man Kiu Secondary School
Pui Kiu Middle School
St. Joan of Arc Secondary School (聖貞德中學)
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Lee Ching Dea Memorial College
Braemar Hill formerly had the Japanese International School, Hong Kong junior high school section. In April 2018 the junior high school moved to the Happy Valley campus.
University
Hong Kong Shue Yan University (香港樹仁大學)
Parks
Choi Sai Woo Park
Tin Hau Temple Road Garden No. 2
Private housing developments
Tempo Court ()
Ho King View ()
Braemar Hill Mansions ()
Sky Horizon ()
Pacific Palisades ()
Kingsford Garden ()
Wilshire Towers ()
Braemar Heights
Maiden Court ()
Broadview Terrace ()
Evelyn Towers ()
Seaview Garden ()
Summit Court ()
Hilltop Mansion ()
Hanking Court ()
Coral Court ()
Sky Scraper ()
Flora Garden ()
Beverley Heights ()
Oxford Court ()
Viking Villas ()
Transport
Buses
23B to Park Road
25 to Central Piers (circular)
25A to Wan Chai Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre New Wing (circular)
27 to North Point Ferry Pier
41A (Special departure) from North Point Ferry Pier to Wah Fu Estate (via Braemar Hill)
81A from Hing Wah Estate to Lai Tak Tsuen (via Braemar Hill)
85 to Siu Sai Wan (Island Resort) (circular)
85A to Shau Kei Wan
85P to Island Resort
108 to Kowloon Bay (Kai Yip Estate)
Minibuses
25 to Causeway Bay Paterson Street
49M to Tin Hau station
Pedestrian escalator system
The Government of Hong Kong proposes to build a Pedestrian Link and Escalator system between Braemar Hill and Fortress Hill, which has an MTR station. It would be the second such system in Hong Kong, after the Central–Mid-Levels escalator.
Nearby hills
Mount Parker
Jardine's Lookout
References
Eastern District, Hong Kong
Restricted areas of Hong Kong red public minibus |
4033346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diekman%20Stadion | Diekman Stadion | Diekman Stadion () was a multi-use stadium in Enschede, Netherlands. It was used mostly for football matches. The stadium was able to hold 13,500 people and opened in 1956. The stadium closed in 1998 when the Arke Stadion opened.
History
When construction of the stadium started it was not yet known which football club would make it its home ground. VV Rigtersbleek, Enschedese Boys and Sportclub Enschede were interested. Enschedese Boys were champions of eastern Netherlands in 1950 and appeared to have the best claim on the stadium. The city council of Enschede pushed for the clubs to merge but this was refused by the three clubs.
On 8 August 1956 the Diekman was opened with a match between Sportclub Enschede and Preußen Münster from Germany attended by 22,000 spectators. Abe Lenstra scored the first goal from a penalty and the match ended in a 3–0 win for Sportclub Enschede.
In 1965 Sportclub Enschede merged with Enschedese Boys to create FC Twente and on 12 August 1965 FC Twente became the occupant of the Diekman stadium in a friendly match against Aston Villa.
On 3 November 1968 FC Twente won a home match against Ajax with 5-1 for a home crowd of 26,500 spectators which was the attendance record for the Diekman.
On 22 April 1998 the last match was played in the stadium when FC Twente beat SC Heerenveen with 3–1 in front of 10,000 spectators. Martijn Abbenhues scored the last goal in the Diekman. FC Twente moved to the newly built Arke Stadium which was later expanded to form the current Grolsch Veste.
The last sporting event in the Diekman was the 30th Marathon of Enschede on 7 June 1998 won by Ahmed Salah and the stadium was subsequently demolished.
References
Sports venues in Overijssel
Multi-purpose stadiums in the Netherlands
Defunct football venues in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures in Enschede
FC Twente
Sports venues completed in 1956
1956 establishments in the Netherlands
1998 disestablishments in the Netherlands |
4033347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified%20Quality%20Engineer | Certified Quality Engineer | Certified Quality Engineer, often abbreviated CQE, is a certification given by the American Society for Quality (ASQ). These engineers are professionally educated in quality engineering and quality control.
They are trained in researching and preventing unnecessary costs through lack of quality, lost production costs, lost market share due to poor quality, etc. They possess the knowledge needed to set up quality control circles, assess potential quality risks, and evaluate human factors and natural process variation.
Scope
CQE training includes the following topics:
Management Systems
Project Management
Quality Information Systems
Leadership Principles and Techniques
Training
Cost of Quality
Quality Philosophies & Approaches
History of Quality
Total Quality Management
Customer Relations
Quality Deployment
Supplier Qualification & Certification Systems
Quality Systems
Documentation Systems
Configuration Management
Planning, Controlling and Assuring Product and Process Quality
Design Inputs and Design Review
Validation and Qualification Methods
Process Capability
Interpretation of Technical Drawings and Specifications
Material Control
Acceptance Sampling
Calibration Systems
Measurement Systems
Measurement System Analysis
Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gage R & R)
Destructive and Nondestructive Testing and Measuring
Traceability to Standards
Reliability and Risk Management
Design of Systems for Reliability
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Management and Planning Tools
Corrective Action
Preventive Action
Overcoming Barriers to Quality Improvement
Concepts of Probability and Statistics
Properties and Applications of Probability Distributions
Tests for Means, Variances, and Proportions
Statistical Decision Making
Drawing Valid Statistical Conclusions
Statistical Process Control
Control Charts
Design of Experiments
Techniques
Some techniques that Quality Engineers use in quality engineering/assurance include:
Statistical Process Control
Deming's Wheel
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Six Sigma
Applications
These techniques are applicable company/system wide and are, by definition, not only developed for manufacturing processes.
Application areas include:
Purchasing
Sales and After-sales Support
Manufacturing
Customer Service
Human Resource Management
Research and Development
Information Technology
Professional certification
The American Society for Quality (ASQ) is a professional institute that examines the professional competency of candidates and, if found to be acceptable, awards them with official certification.
This process helps to establish and maintain a minimum body of knowledge and skill level among certified engineers.
The exam changes from test-to-test in minor detail and the body of knowledge is revised and updated by peer review committees set up by the ASQ.
There are two formats for the ASQ certification test:
Computer Delivered - This CQE examination is a one-part, 175- multiple choice question, five-and-a-half-hour exam and is offered in English only. 160 multiple choice questions are scored and 15 are unscored.
Paper and Pencil - This CQE examination is a one-part, 160- multiple choice question, five-hour exam and is offered in English only.
References
External links
ASQ.org
CQE-web
Quality Council
CQE Academy
Quality assurance |
4033379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanchore | Sanchore | Sanchore is a City in Jalore district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the headquarters of the Sanchore tehsil located on National Highway 68. The town is situated from the city of Jalore and was once known as Satyapur. Nearby villages include Amli ( away), Chitalvana ( away) and Dabhal ( away).
Economy
many infrastructure projects were in progress in Sanchor. Oil exploration company Cairn Energy, discovered of crude oil in the Barmer-Sanchore basin in 2010. The Narmada Canal, which begins in Gujarat, enters Rajasthan state near the village Silu in Sachore tehsil, after passing through in Gujarat.
Pathmeda village near Sanchore has Gopal Govardhan Gaushala, the largest Gaushala in India. Spread over , the gaushala takes care of more than 18,000 cattle.
Demographics
, Sanchore had a population of 264653 (135761 Males constitute of the population and females 128892. Males constituted 53% of the population. Sanchore has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 62% and female literacy is 32%. Twenty percent of Sanchore's population is under six years of age.
Transport
Narmada Canal
The Narmada Canal in Rajasthan is long and has nine major distributaries. The main canal, major and secondary distributaries supply an area of serving 124 villages in the Jalore and Barmer districts.
Railways
The stations nearest to Sanchore are Raniwara, on State Highway 11; Dhanera, on MRD No 108; Bhinmal, on State Highway No 11.
References
Cities and towns in Jalore district |
4033383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rochester | Robert Rochester | Sir Robert Rochester KG (ca. 1494 – 28 November 1557) was an English Catholic and Comptroller of the Household and a member of the Privy Council in the reign of Mary I.
Family
Rochester's family were 'minor Essex gentry' associated with the Earls of Oxford. According to Ross, Robert Rochester, esquire, was Comptroller of the Household to John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, at a fee of £10 per year, from about 1495 until his death in 1508.
Robert Rochester was born at Terling, Essex, the third son of John Rochester and Grisold Writtle, daughter of Walter Writtle of Bobbingworth. Grisold Writtle's sister, Eleanor, married James Walsingham, and was the mother of Edmund Walsingham, Lieutenant of the Tower of London.
Rochester's younger brother, Blessed John Rochester, was a Carthusian priest and martyr who was executed in York in May 1537, and beatified in 1888.
Career
According to Hughes, by 1542 Rochester had been appointed receiver to John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, and was also appointed bailiff of the Earl's manor of Lavenham in Suffolk. By 1551 Rochester had been appointed Comptroller of the Household to Mary Tudor, Henry VIII's elder daughter by Catherine of Aragon. In that year, the Privy Council ordered Rochester to stop any priest from saying mass in the Princess's household; Rochester refused, and was imprisoned in the Tower (according to the National Archives he was imprisoned in the Fleet), and replaced as Comptroller by Sir Anthony Wingfield. The next year, he was released to retire to the county because of his health. He was soon allowed to resume his post as Comptroller.
When the Princess assumed the throne as Mary I, she rewarded Rochester for his faithful service, making him Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and appointing him to the inner circle of the Privy Council. He served as a Member of Parliament for Essex from 1553 to 1555.
Rochester never married. He died on 28 November 1557. William Rochester, Sir Robert's older brother received a third of Robert's lands. Robert was buried on 4 December at the Charterhouse at Sheen, the house reconstituted by the remnant of the English Carthusians under Dom Maurice Chauncy. He was succeeded in his post as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster by his nephew, Sir Edward Waldegrave (died 1 September 1561), son of John Waldegrave (died 1543) and Rochester's sister Lora (died c. 1545).
Notes
References
External links
Attribution
1490s births
1557 deaths
People from Terling
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
Garter Knights appointed by Mary I
15th-century English people
15th-century Roman Catholics
16th-century Roman Catholics
English Roman Catholics
English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
English MPs 1554
English MPs 1554–1555
English MPs 1555 |
4033386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Rizzetta | Sam Rizzetta | Sam Rizzetta (born May 23, 1942 died October 26, 2021) was a hammered dulcimer player, builder, and designer originally from Chicago, had lived in Inwood, West Virginia.
Rizzetta discovered the hammered dulcimer while working in the repair of guitars and illustrated books in the 1960s to put himself through graduate school. His first exposure to the instrument was hearing the traditional player Chet Parker. Sam and his wife Carrie moved east around 1968, and he took a job with the Smithsonian Institution. Within a few years he transitioned to playing and building instruments on a full-time basis.
In 1974, Rizzetta and Paul Reisler formed a string band called Trapezoid, along with Pete Vigour and Paul Yeaton. The group's trademark was hammered dulcimer quartets, which included soprano and bass models designed by Rizzetta. Rizzetta performed with the group until 1978, when he decided to pursue solo playing, and concentrate more on building and composing. As a performer he is best known for his hammered dulcimer playing, but his recordings often feature the Appalachian dulcimer as well. He was active in teaching the dulcimer at the Augusta Heritage Center at Davis and Elkins College for many years starting in 1981. Rizzetta has also been a regular columnist in Dulcimer Players News, writing the Technical Dulcimer column.
Rizzetta is particularly noted for a number of innovations in hammered dulcimer design. These include bridge markers (a standard feature of modern instruments), chromatic designs, extra bridges, damper pedals, and many more. Rizzetta has collaborated closely with the Dusty Strings Company of Seattle, Washington; they have produced a "Rizzetta series" of chromatic models for many years.
Discography
Trapezoid (self-titled), 1975 (reissued, 1998)
Bucks & Does, 1982
Seven Valleys, 1987
When You And I Were Young, 1989
Christmas In The Air, 1991
In The Garden, Hymns For Hammer Dulcimer, 1992
Ocean's Edge', 1993Flowing Waters, 1993Saving Trees, 1999Dulcimer Boogie, 2000Peace Of Christmas'', 2003
References
External links
Smithsonian pamphlet on making a hammered dulcimer, written by Rizzetta
1942 births
American folk musicians
Hammered dulcimer players
American musical instrument makers
Musicians from Chicago
People from Inwood, West Virginia |
4033388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Armand-Cesari | Stade Armand-Cesari | Stade Armand-Cesari, also known as the Stade de Furiani, is a multi-purpose stadium in Furiani, France. It is currently used mostly for football matches of SC Bastia. The stadium is able to hold 16,000 people and opened in 1932.
It was the venue for the first leg of the 1978 UEFA Cup Final, which saw a 0–0 tie between SC Bastia and the Dutch-side PSV Eindhoven. Eventually, PSV won the Final with a 3–0 victory on their home ground Philips Stadion.
The record attendance at the stadium was set on 1 September 2012, when 15,505 people saw Bastia lose against Saint-Étienne (3–0) in a league match. This broke the record set on 26 April 1978, when 15,000 people saw Bastia draw 0–0 against PSV Eindhoven in the first leg of the 1978 UEFA Cup Final.
Furiani disaster
The stadium is mostly known outside Corsica for the Furiani disaster, which occurred on 5 May 1992 when one of the four terraces collapsed, causing the death of 18 people and injuring more than 2,300 others.
Background
When they reached the semi-final of the 1991–92 Coupe de France, the draw gave Bastia a tie against Olympique de Marseille, the Division 1 leader at the time. In order to accommodate more fans, the club board decided to create a temporary terrace instead of the old Tribune Claude Papi which could only take 750 fans. The new capacity of the terrace was 10,000.
Matchday
An hour before the start of the match, problems were already noticeable, such as the instability of the structure. At 8:20 p.m., the whole structure collapsed, with supporters and journalists in the wreckage. Every medical option on the island was exhausted. The victims were eventually evacuated to the mainland, including Marseille. Poretta Airport was quoted as resembling more of a hospital than an airport that night.
Aftermath
On 8 May, an official investigation began in order to find who was responsible. After the disaster, the FFF decided — after some hesitation — to cancel the remaining matches in the Cup. On the 12th, the investigators came to the conclusion that there had been a number of rules broken concerning the terrace. All these findings led to the investigation's conclusion "Le soir du 5 mai, il n'y a pas eu de fatalité," which translates as "On the evening of May 5, there was no fatality." Ultimately, at the trial a year later, the main protagonists were proven guilty but were only given prison sentences of less than two years.
Recent history
Following the disaster, the stadium waited a long time to be rebuilt. The Tribune Nord was rebuilt in 1997, before Bastia could play again in the 1997–98 UEFA Cup.
For the 100th anniversary of the club, in 2005, the four terraces were renamed:
North terrace: Tribune Claude Papi
East terrace: Tribune Jojo Petrignani
South terrace: Tribune Victor Lorenzi
West terrace: Tribune Pierre Cahuzac
References
External links
Complete website in french about the disaster
for 1992
Armand Cesari
SC Bastia
Multi-purpose stadiums in France
Sports venues in Haute-Corse
Sports venues completed in 1932 |
4033390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Luskin | Eugene Luskin | Eugene Luskin is the CEO and founder of VYRTY Corporation. Previously, Luskin was the CEO and founder of Lagotek. Earlier in his career Luskin worked as a software engineer at Intel and Microsoft. The VYRTYreader is a tool designed to help physicians communicate clinically important data using a card reader and card system that allows the patient for the first time ever to possess all the records needed to manage their care on the most secure and HIPAA compliant system ever invented. All the records are stored on a card the size of a credit card. The patient, the doctor, and the reader each have separate encrypted security, and all three are needed to use the system. Records can be completed using the VYRTYreader after the patient has left the office, with stringent security. Only the useful records need be put on the card.
VYRTY has solved the record security problem, delivered HIPAA, and bypassed entirely the interoperability problem.
This system supports the doctor, and the patient. Scalability potential is to every human being. The system is agnostic as to your EMR, since it mimics the printer and print functions common to all systems: print to, and print from, the card.
References
Corporate executives
American computer businesspeople
Microsoft employees
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
4033394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornada%20%28PDA%29 | Jornada (PDA) | The Jornada was a line of personal digital assistants or PDAs manufactured by Hewlett-Packard. The Jornada was a broad product line that included Palm-Size PCs, Handheld PCs, and Pocket PCs. The first model was the 820, released in 1998, and the last was the 928 model in 2002 when Compaq and HP merged. The Jornada line was then succeeded by the more popular iPAQ model PDAs. All Jornada models ran Microsoft Operating Systems that were based on Windows CE.
Model variations
Handheld PCs
Jornada 820/820e
It ran on the Windows CE 2.11 operating system, Handheld PC Professional Edition 3.0, had a small trackpad with two buttons and a built-in miniature keyboard. It had 16 MB of RAM, 16 MB of ROM, Intel StrongARM CPU at 190 MHz, 640x480 256 color screen, 1 CF Type II, 1 PC card. It had a 10-hour battery life, and allowed for sending and receiving of faxes through its built-in modem. There is a software update to Handheld PC Professional Edition 3.01/Service Pack 1, and a 16 MB RAM upgrade card, bringing the RAM to a total of 32 MB. There is also an extended battery available, giving the Jornada 820 15 hours of running time, versus 10 in the standard battery. The Jornada 820 was bundled with TrueSync 2.0 to allow native synchronisation support for the Franklin Rex Classic and Rex Pro PDA.
The Jornada 820e was identical to the Jornada 820 except that it lacked the integrated 56 kbit/s modem.
Jornada 620LX
The Jornada 620LX was released in 1997. It is a HVGA Handheld PC running Windows CE 2.0. The device has a Hitachi SH3 processor clocking at 75MHz with 16MB of integrated RAM. The device has PCMCIA and CF cards. The screen is 8-bit (256 colours) and is touchscreen. It also features a serial and infrared connection.
Jornada 680/680e
The Jornada 680 was released in 1998. It was an HVGA Handheld PC running the Windows CE 2.11 based Handheld PC Professional 3.0. The device had a 133 MHz Hitachi SH3 processor with 16 MB of integrated RAM and a 16 MB ROM. The internal RAM/ROM configuration could be upgraded to 32 MB/HPC 3.01 through a user upgrade kit. The HP HVGA screen operated at 256 colours with a driver update providing 64K color support. Compact flash cards (including those of at least 4GB) and PCMCIA memory cards could be used simultaneously. The PCMCIA card slot could be used for modems, network cards (including WiFi), VGA adapters and many more.
The Jornada 680e was identical to the Jornada 680 except that it lacked the integrated 56 kbit/s modem.
Jornada 690/690e
The Jornada 690 was released in 1999. It was an HVGA Handheld PC running the Windows CE 2.11 based Handheld PC Professional 3.01. The device had a 133 MHz Hitachi SH3 processor with 32 MB of integrated RAM and a 16 MB ROM. The HP HVGA screen operated at 64K colour.
The Jornada 690e was identical to the Jornada 690 except that it lacked the integrated 56 kbit/s modem.
Jornada 710
The Jornada 710 was released in 2001 into the European / Middle Eastern Market place. It featured 32 MB of RAM, a Compact Flash slot, a PC card slot, a smart card slot, 640x240 16-bit display, and a 206 MHz StrongARM SA1110 CPU. It also ran on HPC2000, however the package differed from the higher end 720 and 728, making the 710 a lower cost alternative. The 710 did not ship with an integrated 56 kbit/s modem, and it is not possible to add one as an upgrade. It had a scaled down CD bundle and came without a docking cradle.
Jornada 720
The Jornada 720 was released in 2000. It featured 32 MB of RAM, a Compact Flash slot, a PC card slot, a Smart card slot, 56K Modem, 640x240 16-bit display, a 206 MHz StrongARM CPU, and has 9 hours of battery life. It ran under the Windows CE 3.0 based HPC2000.
Jornada 728
The Jornada 728 was released in 2002. It featured 64 MB of RAM, a Compact Flash slot, a PC card slot, a smart card slot, 56K Modem, 640x240 16-bit display, and a 206 MHz StrongARM SA1110 CPU. It runs on the Windows CE 3.0 based Handheld PC 2000 and contains a slightly higher OS revision than the 710 or 720, providing the user with native PPTP VPN functionality. The Jornada 728 contained a slightly higher spec battery package, giving it a 14 hour runtime, and was also cosmetically different from the previous 700 series releases by using light purple and grey tones instead of the monochromatic blue chassis of its predecessors. This was the last Handheld PC produced by HP.
There are a number of 728 handhelds in existence with only 32 MB of RAM, but they are otherwise identical in spec to the 64MB model.
Palm-Size PCs
Jornada 420
The Jornada 420 debuted in 1999. It was notable for being the first Palm-Size PC with a color screen, and ran on Windows CE 2.11. It had a touch-screen, a speaker, and featured full e-mail capabilities.
Jornada 430/430se
Also produced in 1999.
The se model came with free earphones and a clip case.
James Bond sported a HP Jornada 430se in the 1999 film The World Is Not Enough. For a limited period of time, consumers could purchase the 430se and receive with the device a collectible Bond keychain and a coupon for three free Bond movies.
Pocket PCs
Jornada 520 series
The Jornada 520 series was HP's answer to an affordable Pocket PC, and could be described as a stripped down version of the 540 series. It featured 16 MB of RAM, a Type I CompactFlash slot, a 256 color screen, and a 133 MHz SH3 processor. It ran on a variant of Windows CE 3.0 dubbed "Pocket PC 2000". The 520 allowed for an optional flip cover like the 540 models, but was only capable of supporting a serial cable for synchronization. The Jornada 520 series had the same form factor as the 540, but was silver.
Jornada 540 series
The Jornada 540 series was one of the original models of Pocket PC, when the platform was first announced. Sharing the Operating System, CPU and memory card slot of the 520 series, it featured a 12-bit display (originally advertised as 16-bit display) and USB connectivity. Two models were made available that were identical except for the amount of RAM. The 545 had 16 MB RAM and the 548 had 32 MB RAM.
Jornada 560 series
The Jornada 560 series was the first to run on the Pocket PC 2002 operating system and the only Pocket PC Jornada to use the StrongARM processor. It debuted in October 2001, and featured a reflective LCD screen with an ambient light sensor, and had a completely redone form factor. It also featured a flashable ROM that allowed for updates to the operating system. The Windows Mobile 2003 operating system, however, was never released by HP for this model.
Phones
Jornada 928
The Jornada 928 was Hewlett-Packard's sole Pocket PC phone under the Jornada branding and only available in the United Kingdom. It ran on the Pocket PC 2002 Phone Edition operating system, and had 64 MB of RAM with 32 MB flashable ROM. It used a Texas Instruments OMAP 710 processor clocked at 150 MHz. The phone was a European GSM Dual band device capable of accessing GPRS.
Integrated solutions
HP Labs in Bristol used the GPRS Jornada devices initially with the 568 and later the 928 to create some of the first connected solutions and wearable computing in Bristol ranging from interactive tours of the city to instant language translation trials were also conducted by HP senior executives with major clients such as Disney to explore the use of the technologies in business applications.
Prototypes
Hewlett-Packard's Appliances and Calculators Organization (ACO) in Melbourne, Australia, also worked on the HP Jornada X25 (F1904A) aka "Calypso", a PDA based on a customized Linux version provided by Lineo Australia and Taiwan. It came with a StrongARM 133 MHz processor, 8 MB of flash, 32 MB of RAM, compact flash card expansion port, infra-red connectivity and USB. Similar to the Windows CE-based HP Xpander, which was cancelled in November 2001, the X25 project was cancelled close to release in early 2002 as well. Between 140 and 200 units were manufactured in a pre-production run.
See also
Handheld PC
iPAQ
Linux on the HP Jornada
List of HP Pocket Computers
Palm-size PC
Pocket PC
Smartphone
Windows CE
References
External links
NetBSD's port to ARM-based handhelds, including Jornada 710/720/728
NetBSD's port to SH-3 based handhelds, including Jornada 620LX/680/690
JLime - Linux port for Jornada 7xx, 6xx
Windows CE devices
Windows Mobile Professional devices
Windows Mobile Classic devices
Embedded Linux
Mobile computers
Jornada |
4033424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Gubba | Tony Gubba | David Anthony Gubba (23 September 1943 – 11 March 2013) was an English journalist and television sports commentator.
Life and career
Born in Manchester, Gubba was educated at Blackpool Grammar School in North West England. He began work as a local newspaper reporter with the Cyril Briggs Press Agency in Museum Street, Warrington Lancashire contracted to work on the Lymm edition of the Cheshire Country Express newspapers before moving up to the job of staff reporter for the Daily Mirror. He later worked at Southern TV in Southampton.
BBC
Gubba joined the BBC as a sports correspondent, based in Liverpool. His first Olympic Games as a commentator with the BBC was in 1972, and he covered every World Cup tournament from 1974 to 2006. In 1972, he was given the job of presenting the popular Sportsnight show, a post he held until 1975.
After leaving Sportsnight, Gubba moved on to commentate on a range of sports for the BBC. He made regular appearances on Match of the Day, frequently acted as stand-in presenter on Grandstand and the occasional return to Sportsnight, live international football matches and FA Cup matches. This was the era when John Motson and Barry Davies were the BBC's senior commentators so Gubba rarely got to commentate on games at the highest level, but notable matches he covered were the 1986 World Cup semi-final between France and West Germany, the 1992 Olympic Final, the 1996 Charity Shield and the 2007 League Cup final.
He also commentated on ice-skating, hockey, table tennis, bobsleigh, ski jumping, speed skating, cycling, rowing, judo, golf and tennis and was the main presenter of the BBC's coverage of the World Darts Championship from 1984 to 1990.
Gubba spent 40 seasons as a football commentator, overtaking Barry Davies as the third-longest serving football commentator on British television after John Motson and Gerald Sinstadt. He listed witnessing the debuts of George Best for Manchester United and Michael Owen for Liverpool as highlights of his career.
He provided commentaries also for football video games: the PC version for FIFA International Soccer and the Nintendo 64 game International Superstar Soccer 98.
ITV
Gubba commentated on eight series of ITV's Dancing on Ice from 2006 to 2013. He provided a round-up of the performances and trivia about the celebrities and their skating partners. His last Dancing on Ice commentary was heard on 17 February 2013.
Personal life
Gubba lived in Sonning-on-Thames, near Reading, Berkshire, with his partner of 15 years, Jenny. He had two daughters Claire and Libby, from his previous marriage.
He died on 11 March 2013 aged 69, of leukaemia. The BBC's head of TV Sport, Philip Bernie, said of him:
"For a generation he was one of the most familiar and respected names in sports broadcasting. Tony was an outstanding sports journalist and a formidable broadcaster, whose death will sadden everyone at BBC Sport."
References
External links
A collection of quotes from Gubba and fellow commentators
Profile bbc.co.uk
1943 births
BBC sports presenters and reporters
British association football commentators
Cycling announcers
English male journalists
English sports broadcasters
People educated at Blackpool Grammar School
Journalists from Manchester
Place of death missing
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from cancer in England
2013 deaths |
4033435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch%20Me%20Who%20Can | Catch Me Who Can | Catch Me Who Can was the fourth and last steam railway locomotive created by the inventor and mining engineer Richard Trevithick. It was an evolution of three earlier locomotives which had been built for Coalbrookdale, Penydarren ironworks and Wylam colliery. Demonstration runs began in July 1808, and Catch Me Who Can was the first locomotive in the world to haul fare-paying passengers.
Catch Me Who Can was constructed during 1808 by the engineers John Urpeth Rastrick and John Hazledine at their foundry in Bridgnorth, England. It was demonstrated to the public at Trevithick's "Steam Circus", a circular track in Bloomsbury, just south of the present-day Euston Square tube station, in London. Members of the public could pay to ride in carriages pulled by Catch Me Who Can around this track. During these demonstration runs, the locomotive reached a reported speed of between and .
The circus closed following a derailment caused by one of the rails breaking underneath the locomotive. While the advantages and applications of steam locomotives had been demonstrated, the venture was a financial failure that played a significant part in Trevithick's bankruptcy in 1809.
History
Design and construction
During the late 1700s and early 1800s, the inventor and mining engineer Richard Trevithick was the primary developer of the steam locomotive. He wanted to present his new invention to the general public, and he looked for a suitable site to demonstrate his invention. He chose Bloomsbury, directly south of the Euston Road, near London's Euston Square. The site is believed to be under University College London’s Chadwick Building, which now houses the Centre for Transport Studies. A circular track in diameter was built, on which a locomotive and a small number of carriages would run. Members of the public could view and ride on this train for a fare of 1 shilling. Trevithick hoped this would be a commercial venture, as well as creating publicity and hopefully demand for more locomotives.
Trevithick's fourth railway locomotive was built new for the Steam Circus. It was named Catch Me Who Can by the sister of Davies Gilbert. This new locomotive differed from the previous locomotive designs: instead of a horizontal cylinder, flywheel, and geared drive, Catch Me Who Can used a vertical cylinder encased in the boiler, driving one pair of wheels directly. The cylinder was in diameter, with a stroke. The boiler was Trevithick's return-flue type, complete with an internal firebox. The locomotive was similar to an engine that Trevithick had built in 1803 to power a dredger for use on the Thames.
Operations
In spite of his goal of introducing steam locomotion to the public, Trevithick built a high wooden fence around the demonstration track, concealing it from view to all but those who paid to enter. This may have been done as a means of increasing revenue. Catch Me Who Can became the world’s first locomotive to haul fare-paying passengers.
Some claimed that performance of the locomotive was inferior to that of a horse over a 24 hour endurance test. Trevithick claimed that Catch Me Who Can could travel over in that time. The locomotive was reported to have reached a top speed of on the circular track and Trevithick was of the opinion that it was capable of on straight track.
Operation of Catch Me Who was hindered by the soft ground that the track was laid on. Trial runs began around 24 July 1808, but almost immediately the ground under the track sank, causing the iron rails to break as the 8-ton locomotive passed over them. Trevithick had the track taken up and timber baulks laid under it to provide a more stable footing. By 28 July, almost all the track had been relaid and the train ran again soon afterwards.
Within two months of its original opening, the locomotive again derailed. By then, fewer people were paying the shilling fare. Trevithick had spent all of his savings on setting up the Steam Circus, and he could not pay to have the railway fixed, and it closed.
Impact
In the long term, the Steam Circus was not a fruitless venture. Trevithick had become the first person to successfully prove that a steam locomotive on iron rails was feasible. It would be another 20 years before Trevithick’s concept was fully realised at the Rainhill Trials of 1829, at which the pioneering railway engineers George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson successfully demonstrated the potential of their locomotive ’’Rocket’’.
Illustrations
In 2008, the curator of the National Museum of Science and Industry, John Liffen, announced that the most widely-known depiction of Catch Me Who Can and the Bloomsbury demonstration track was likely a twentieth century forgery. Other depictions based on this influential work were in turn misleading. There are few reliable illustrations of the locomotive. Even before this, the lack of reliable information about Catch Me Who Can had long been acknowledged.
Replica
A replica is under construction by the Trevithick 200 charity at the Severn Valley Railway workshops, close to the site where the original locomotive was built. As of July 2017 work towards completion of the engine continues with the braking mechanism being the only major item left to complete. The replica engine can be seen outside near to the entrance of the Severn Valley Railway at Bridgnorth station.
See also
History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
References
External links
1808 - Trevithick's Catch Me Who Can (Incorrectly gives site as Torrington Square instead of UCL Chadwick Building)
Catch-Me-Who-Can, 1808 (Incorrectly gives site as Euston Square instead of UCL Chadwick Building)
Cruchley's Plan 1827 site of Trevithick's 1808 steam circus, now underneath the UCL Chadwick Building.
Bowle's Plan 1806 an earlier plan of the area.
Richard Trevithick : Cornwall's Pioneer of Steam (Incorrectly gives site as Euston Square instead of UCL Chadwick Building)
www.steam-circus.info - Compilation of research on the exact location of the Steam Circus, with some new ideas
Early steam locomotives
Steam locomotives of Great Britain
English inventions
Individual locomotives of Great Britain
Richard Trevithick
Scrapped locomotives |
4033442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ships%20of%20the%20Royal%20New%20Zealand%20Navy | List of ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy | Sortable list of commissioned vessels of the Royal New Zealand Navy from its formation on 1 October 1941 to the present. It does not include vessels of the New Zealand Division (1921–1941) or New Zealand Naval Forces (1913–21) or earlier vessels up to 1913.
See also
Current Royal New Zealand Navy ships
References
Walters, Sydney David (1956) The Royal New Zealand Navy, Official History, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington Online
McDougall, R J (1989) New Zealand Naval Vessels. Government Printing Office.
Royal New Zealand Navy Official web site
Ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy
New Zealand |
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